Th, . —< wp r. ie tte D Aye BY J. O. WESTWOOD, F.LS., : hs Hon. Mem. Hist. Soc. Quebec; Soc. Nat. Hist. Boston, U.S.; Mem. Soc. Cas. Nat. Cur. Moscow; Physiogr. Soc. Lund Sac. Roy. Science. Lille; Soc. Hist. Nat. Mauritius; Soc. Cuivierr. and Philomat. Paris; Lit. Phil. and Nat. Hist. Soc. Belfast, Richmond, Sheffield; Mem. Soc. Entomol. de France; Secretary Ent. Soc. London, &e. &e. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOR: < ~These waved their limber fans For wings and smallest lineaments exact, In all the liveries decked of summer’s pride, With spots of gold and purple, azure and green.’’—MILTon. LONDON: WILLIAM SMITH, 113, FLEET STREET. MDCCCXLYV. _ LONDON : ; BRADBURY AND EVANS, PRINTERS, WHITEFRIARS. . Systematic Arrangement OF THE ILLUSTRATIONS CONTAINED IN THE PRESENT VOLUME. COLEOPTERA. Scaritip# or New Hoxanp (see also p. 157 and the Addenda) Plates 21, 22, & 23 GouiaTHipEous Crerontip# oF THE Easrt (see also Addenda) Plates 1, 29, 30, 33, 34, 35, & 36 GoLiaTHIDEous CETonupD & oF AFRICA . ~ Plates 19, 42, 43, 44, 45, & 46 Orner Creronup# or Mapacascar : 3 : : : 5 Site BY Orner Cretoniip# or Asta anp New Hownanp . : : . Plate 28 Henoripa or New Horianp 3 : : ; F . 5 Jee MWe LoneicorNEs or THE Puinippine IsLANDS ; ; ; - 1 -Elaieels Hyvocrpuatus (see also p. 111) F E ; : - 4 . Plate 10 HYMENOPTERA. TrentTHreDINipz oF New Houianp . : : : F 5 0 Sebi 7 Revision or THE Doryuipes (and see Addenda) : ; ; . Plate 20 ORTHOPTERA. SysTetta (N. G. Locustip#) . : : é . - “ . Plate 4 Revision or tHE Genus Mastax : : : : ; 5 8 Jehie OG Bacrropuora (N. G.), AND OPSOMALA N. SP., : : : . Plate 17 Revision or THE New Mantipeous Genus Derrorratys, (and see Addenda) Plate 9 ToxoDERA TENUIPES : * 5 : : - - : . Plate 41 Puasma (Craspeponia) Gipposa . : ; : : , a Plate HETEROPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. Revision or tHE Genus Puytiomorpna (see also p. 30 and Addenda) Plate 2 iv SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF ILLUSTRATIONS. HOMOPTEROUS HEMIPTERA. New Genera or Cicapip® Plaie 24 New Species or Cicapa Plate 25 Revision or THE Coccrprous Genus MonopHLEpa : : . ». Plate 6 LEPIDOPTERA. Asiatic Specrrs oF Papinio : : . Plates 3, 11, 16,27, & 31 ArricaN . ,, Srso* Vie . «+ Plates 37,38, 39, 40, 47, & 48 Mexican anp West Inpran Species oF Ditto : : : Pilate 18 Eprcopsia N. G. oF PapritontForm Morus (and see Addenda) . Plaie 5 DIPTERA. Revision oF THE Famiry Mipasipz : . : . Plates 13,&14 ARCANA ENTOMOLOGICA. PLATE I. DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME ASIATIC CORNUTED SPECIES OF CETONIIDA. —— f= No group of insects has attracted so much observation as the large species of Cetoniidee, in which the head of males is armed with horns, and which compose the genus Goliathus* of Lamarck, their extreme variety and singular formation having rendered them objects of attention. In its original condition, as established by Lamarck, this genus was characterised chiefly by the circumstance that the head was armed with horns. A stricter analysis of the family to which the genus belongs, however, appears to prove that many of the species which had been thus associated together belong to distinct groups, whilst the species which still constitute the group have been distributed into various sub-genera. We accordingly find that Gory and Percheron, in their ‘“‘ Monographie des Cétoines,” have separated Goliathus rhinophyllus of Weidemann (placing it in the genus Macronata) ; they have also adopted the genus Ynea for the Brazilian species, as proposed in the Encyclopédie Méthodique. All the other species peculiar to the Old World (including also G. Hoepfneri, Desj., an American insect) remain together under the generic name of Goliathus. Mr. Hope, however, in the first part of his Coleopterist’s Manual, relying chiefly on the form of the pro- thorax and toothing of the legs, has separated G. Polyphemus under the name of Mecynorhina +, G. micans under that of Dicro- * Dr. Thaddeus W. Harris, one of the most acute American Entomologists, in some recent ‘Remarks upon Scarabeus Goliatus and other African Beetles allied to it,” published in the 1st Volume of the Journal of the Essex county (U. S.) Natural History Society, proposes the name of Hegemon in lieu of Goliathus for this genus, in order to restore to the typical species its true specific name of Goliatus. + The second species of this genus, stated by Mr. Hope to be in the possession of Mr. Joseph Hooker, is the male of G. torquatus, of which species Mr. Hope has recently received a specimen from Mr. Strahan, who also possesses a fine male, which has been described and figured by Mr. Waterhouse, in the Magazine of Natural History. B 2 CORNUTED CETONIIDA. norhina, G. Heros, &e. under that of Rhomborhina, and G. Hoepf- neri as an unnamed new genus. The same author, in a previous work, had proposed the genus Dicranocephalus for the G. Walli- chii, whilst Mr. W. W. Saunders described another remarkable Indian form under the name of Jumnos Ruckeri, in the Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, and M. Dupont two other Indian species under the generic name of Narycius. Still more recently, Mr. W. S. Mac Leay, in his memoir on the Cetoniidee, published in Dr. A. Smith’s work on African Zoology, has given the G. Rhynophyllus as a new sub-genus (Philistina) of the genus Gymnetinus (Gymnetis). Narycius olivaceus, Dup.; G.Hard- wickii, Gory; G. opalinus, Gory (Trigonophorus op., Hope[olim]), and Jumnos Ruckeri are given as separate sections of Coryphe ; whilst G. torquatus, G. Polyphemus, G. micans, G. Smithu, G. 4-maculatus, G. Hoepfneri, G. Drurii, G. Inca, G. Wallichi, and Narycius opalus of Dupont, are given as the respective types of so many distinct sections of Goliathus, to one of which, typified by G. Smithii, Mr. A. White has applied the name of Eudacilla, adding a new species named EK. Morgani. ‘Two species of Goliathus, from Madagascar, are also described by Messrs. Gory and Perchéron in the 15th number of Silbermann’s Revue Entomologique, and a fine new species from the Neilgherries (forming a distinct section), by M. Guérin Meneville, in the Revue Zoologique, 1839, p. 230. Such is a sketch of the chief modifications which have been made by recent authors in the genus Goliathus, and which I have intro- duced into this place, not only in illustration of the insects figured in the accompanying plate, but also because it will be further re- quisite on a future occasion to refer to it. The Goliathus rhinophyllus of Wiedemann (Zool. Mag. vol. 2, p. 82) *, is an insect of great rarity, found in the interior of Java, which Latreille first asserted to possess “tous les caractéres essentiels des Cétoines,” except that the prothorax is more rounded and narrowed behind. Messrs. Gory and Perchéron, therefore, detached it, as already mentioned, from Goliathus, and gave it as a Macronata (Monogr. d. Cétoines, pl. 62, fig. 5.). Their figure of this insect is, however, so slightly recognizable that I have not hesitated in refiguring it (pl. 1, fig. 8), adding, also, figures of the essential parts of the mouth, with the view to enable us to judge of the true relations of the species. Mr. Mac Leay, who divides the great family Cetoniidee into five genera, places this insect in his ck a 7 Vy. wala j } 7 7 * « Cupreus, clypeo cornu erecto, apice dilatato emarginato, thorace cornu dedlinato.” : = a) eos — — Prothorax 5 c 6 a 5 lle — — Elytra (and Scutellum) . : < : > e is — 364 Length of the Antenne ; ; ‘ ow ae! Breadth of the Prothorax (across the middle) : : oo of UH — — Elytra : : . - 5 I M. Desmarest’s specimen is only 22 inches or 55+ millemetres long, whilst that described by Gistl is still smaller, being 2, inches long. From itis large size of the faa legs, we might at first consider the insect to be capable of leaping, but its whole form contradicts such a notion, and leads us to conjecture that it is a slow and sluggish creature ; indeed Dr. Erichson states that he had been informed by the late Prince of Neuwied, that he had taken the insect creep- ing on the ground. Mr. Melly, on the contrary, informs me that three specimens he had received were reported to have been found in the carease of a dead horse. From the formidable appearance of the mouth-organs, we might also at first consider the insect to be highly rapacious ; but when we examine them in detail, we find a formation evidently unfitted for carnivorous habits; indeed the mandibles are so formed that if their inner edges are brought together they meet in a nearly straight line, or rather the tips are slightly bent outwards, so as to lead to the idea that the creature cannot by any possibility bite. Again, the maxille and labium are very minute, whilst the two deflexed horns at the sides of the mouth appear quite in the way, were the insect a rapacious one. My friend, Professor Burmeister, having examined my specimen of the insect and the accompanying figures, has favoured me with the following observations upon its natural relations. Lonpvon, l4ru June, 1841. “‘ According to your desire I give you the following remarks upon the natural affinity of the curious animal Hypocephalus, which * A specimen (which is, I believe, the only one in Paris) has recently been purchased for the Museum d’Hist. Nat., at the price of 700 francs. + LI employ the English length measure, i.e. 12 lines to the inch. My specimen is, there- fore, 3 inches and 4a line long. It is shorter in my figure by 2 lines, but allowance must be made for the curve of the body. } Aninch is equal to 25 French millemetres. 38 HYPOCEPHALUS. I yesterday suggested to you in your own library, and which I now have more fully detailed. Having now examined the genera most nearly allied to Hypocephalus in Mr. Hope’s collection, I am quite convinced that Hypocephalus is a Longicorn, and belongs to the sub-family of the Prionide, in the vicinity of Dorysthenes [Cyrto- gnathus Fald. Prion. rostratus and Pr. paradoxus]|—Spondylus, Trictenotoma and Amallopodes, Dup. (Acanthinodera Cumingii, Hope) ; from all which genera Hypocephalus borrows some of the characters. “Commencing with the antennee, I find the greatest resemblance between those organs of Hypocephalus and Spondylus, owing to their shortness and moniliform figure, which we observe not only in Spondylus, but also in a new curious prionideous insect from Cordofan, communicated to me by Mr. Kollar, under the name of Prionus Spondyloides, and which I have also seen to-day im Mr. Hope’s collection*. The whole structure of the head is still more nearly alike in Hypocephalus and Dorysthenes; and I find no other difference except the curious mode of articulation of the head with the prothorax in the former genus. The mandibles moreover in Hypocephalus are shorter and broader than in Dorysthenes, although the large prominent teeth behind the man- dibles (which are by no means articulated as might be conceived from M. Desmarest’s figure) are more developed in Hypocephalus than in Dorysthenes. The other parts of the mouth in both genera are entirely similar; and you perceive from the very minute mando (or inner lobe of the maxilla) that Hypocephalus must be prioni- deous, because the form of that part i is the first family character of the Prionide. ‘‘ As to the prothorax, there is also a great resemblance between Hypocephalus and Dorysthenes; and the greatest difference is merely its increased length, whilst in all other Prionidze the prothorax is broader than long. With this character the short- ness of the elytra is in opposition, these organs being as much abridged as the prothorax is elongated. This relation, I confess, is very abnormal, but not exclusively peculiar among the Longi- corns, as proved by the genus Gnoma. Respecting the sculpture of the surface, it is the same as in most Prionide, as well as the colour and texture, which has in all parts the appearance of a coria- * T believe this is identical with Coptocephalus Pe figured in Griffith’s “ Animal Kingdom’’—Metopocoilus maculicollis, Serville. J. O.¥ HYPOCEPHALUS. 39 ceous tegument so well exhibited in-most species of Prionide. I assert that an entomologist who knows nothing of the whole animal except an elytrum, must be convinced by the sculpture that it is part of a prionideous insect. I regret that we have not examined the wings, because these organs, according to my observations, afford the best family characters in the majority of the Coleoptera, and I recommend you to examine them*. “The legs present stronger grounds of disputation ; and I con- cede that the inerassated femora and incurved tibie are different from the type of the family; but this single character will not suffice to remove Hypocephalus from Prionus, because we find in other genera singular forms of legs as in Psalidognathus, Amallo- podes and Trictenotoma. From this last genus, which in my opinion is also prionideous, Hypocephalus derives its tarsi, except those of the posterior legs, which are only four-jointed in Tricteno- toma. The tarsi of Amallopodes are still more like those of Hypocephalus, except that the penultimate joint is much smaller, thus scarcely receding from the type of the family, as is the case in Trictenotoma and Hypocephalus. ‘“‘ In the last place the observation that Hypocephalus lives in rotten wood, upon the ground in forests, accords with my opinion of its natural affinities.” Since the arrival of Professor Burmeister in Paris, he has informed me that M. Guérm Meneville had likewise already entertained the same opinion relative to its relation with the Prionidee, and had prepared a series of figures illustrating its various organs in detail. Notwithstanding the various anomalies exhibited by the genus noticed by Burmeister (to which we may add the want of emargination in the eyes), I must confess that the relation pointed out in the preceding communication appears to me to be the correct one +t. It may further be mentioned that the peculiar toothing of the anterior tibize occurs in the Australian Pri- * The insect is totally destitute of wings—J. O. W. + Desmarest thinks it nearest to Necrophorus amongst the Clavicorn Pentamera (such also Mr. Melly informs me is the opinion of Dr. Klug), whilst Gistl considers it as forming the passage between the Lamellicorns and Melasomatous Heteromera. In my ‘‘ Introduction ’”’ I suggested that the nearest relations appeared to be such genera as Passandra, Catogenus, Rhysodes, and Calodromus, which appear to me to connect the Cucujidse with the Brenthidx. In these genera the formation of the tarsi is more or less anomalous, so that we are not on that account to reject this relation. In Passandra, &c., the sides of the head beneath are developed into two flat plates (analogous to the deflexed horns of Hypocephalus). There is also an apparent approximation to the general form of this genus exhibited by various male Brenthide, which have thick’denticulated feet and short moniliform antenne, but the structure of the mouth and of the tarsi is very different. , 40 HYPOCEPHALUS. onus pilosicollis (Hope in Trans. Ent. Soe. vol. 1, pl. 2, fig. 1.), and in Cantharocnemis Spondyloides, Dupont, an uncharacterised genus from Senegal. Another curious character, to which perhaps but little weight ought to be given, is the great length of the basal, and the shortness and triangular form of the terminal jot of the palpi. I have, however, found securiform maxillary and labial palpi in a curious Prionus, obtained by Mr. Raddon from raw turpentine (Hoplopteryx denticulatus, Westw. ined.). ‘The minuteness of the labium or ligula is also to be noticed, since in almost all other Longicorns it is visible beyond the base of the labial palpi. Having elsewhere suggested that Spondylis is more nearly allied (from its larva) to the Lepturide than to the Prionide, and Hypo- cephalus, being more allied to Spondylis and Cantharocnemis than to the other genera mentioned by Burmeister, it becomes interesting to speculate on the degree of relation which Sagra (so nearly allied to Leptura) bears to Hypocephalus. - DESCRIPTION OF PLATE X. Fig. 1. My specimen of Hypocephalus armatus. la. Under side of the head. 10. One of the maxille. le. The labrum. 2. Copy of Desmarest’s figure of Hypocephalus armatus. 3. Copy of Gistl’s figure of Mesoclastus paradoxus. r 41 . PLATE XI. DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF PAPILIO FROM NORTHERN INDIA. —warp Newman, F.L.S., &c., Nos. 1 to 8, 8vo. January—June, 1841, London, Van Voorst. Tus work may be considered as a continuation of the Entomo- logical Magazine. It consists for the most part of a series of papers by the editor, in which a great number of new genera and species of Longicorn Coleoptera, various American Hispee, and Cryptocephali, and a number of Australian Cleridz and. Brachinidz are too concisely described. A paper with descriptions of some very interesting 48 ARCANA ENTOMOLOGICA. Bombycidz, by Mr. Doubleday, with an outline plate engraved by W. Raddon, Esq., from original drawings by Abbot, and-a memoir on the Aulacidse, and some allied Hymenoptera by Mr. Shuckard, are also introduced. Abstracts are also given of the Volume of Insects in the Cabinet Cyclopedia ; the transactions of the Entomological Society, the Annals of Natural History, the Canadian Naturalist, and of the first number of this work. A number of short commu- nications of minor importance are also introduced, as well as a few woodeuts; and in each of the two last numbers is given an out- line plate of various genera of Chalcidide, described in the Entomological Magazine. Investigation or tHE Myrtaropa.—This long-neglected but highly curious group of Annulose animals has recently received much attention by Dr. Brandt of Petersburgh, and M. Gervais of Paris. In our own country, Mr. G. Newport has also undertaken their investigation, and it is with great pleasure that I mention that a paper by him upon the development and growth of the large English Iulus has been selected by the Royal Society for the Bakerian lecture of the present year; and that an elaborate memoir by him on the entire group, with copious illustrations, may shortly be expected. po =H foc eo EN REET pr acrmerggy i mmanpen ge TAO / oa P; . b, Ter . cA ” ™ 3 Ta 1 te o Sa “ re) : 49 BLATES XIIL. AND, XIV. SYNOPSIS OF THE DIPTEROUS FAMILY MIDASID A, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NUMEROUS NEW SPECIES. ——@— Tuts family, having for its type the genus Midas*, comprises some of the most gigantic species of Dipterous insects, remarkable for the great elongation of the antenne, the dark or coloured wings in many of the species, and occasionally the metallic appearance of the body ; in all which respects we find a singular analogy to the gigantic Sphegid& belonging to the tribe of fossorial Hymenoptera, which inhabit the same regions as are frequented by the Midaside. The antennze, which in some species are nearly as long as the thorax, appear in reality to be formed of only four joints, the third being ogcasionally bi- or tri-annulate, and the fourth sometimes biannulate ; so that, as in M. lusitanicus (Meig. vol. 6, t. 66, f. 2), the antenne appear seven-jointed. If the minute, and, indeed, often obsolete, style at the extremity of the antenne be taken into consideration, we have a five-jointed antenna analogous to that of Dasypogon, &e. Much confusion exists in the works of Dipterologists as to the structure of the mouth, and Macquart acknowledges his inability to determine its structure, by observing yyhich, he had hoped to have determined the real situation of this anomalous group. I have been more fortunate, and having extracted the different parts, have repre- sented them in pl. 13, fig. a—e. The proboscis is terminated by two large lips, and the haustellum consists of a labrum, long, slender, channelled beneath, and notched at the tip (d), inclosing beneath a short acute seta or lingua (e); a little in advance of the base of the labrum arises a pair of slender curved sete, which Fabricius evidently regarded as palpi, but which I consider as the analogues of the maxille of the Asilidee, and as destitute of palpi. Latreille indeed adds,‘* Palpi brevissimi ?” (Gen. Cr. 4. 294) ; but I have seen nothing of them. If we regard them as palpi, we have a mouth analogous to that of the Muscide, whilst it is evident from the remainder of the characters of the group that the Midaside really belong to the Tanystomatous division of the order. * I have adopted the orthography of the generic name Midas, given by Wiedemann (in his monograph in the Nova Acta, vol. xv. pt. 2), in correction of the Fabrician name Mydas, the term being evidently proposed in allusion to the long-eared King Midas. 13) 50 SYNOPSIS OF THE DIPTEROUS We find an almost identical arrangement of the veins of the wings exhibited by this group and by Nemestrina amongst the Anthracidee *. Olivier, evidently from personal observation of the species which he found in Egypt, thus describes their habits, which resemble those of Asilus and Dasypogon. “IIs vivent de rapine et font une guerre continuelle aux autres insectes, quils attrapent en volant, et dont ils retirent tous les sucs au moyen de leur trompe. On les voit attaquer les Hyménoptéres les plus fortes et les mieux armés, et les emporter entre leurs longues pattes, sans que Vaiguillon de ceux-ci puisse les atteindre. Leurs larves nous sont inconnues.” To this account I am able to add, from information given to me by Mr. MacLeay, that the larvee of M. tricolor (which he observed in Cuba) are parasitic upon the larvee of the giant Prionide. Wiedemann described all the species known to him under the genus Midas; but Latreille separated from them a sub-genus, having the proboscis long and porrected, named Cephalocera ; and Macquart added a third, Rhopalia, differing only in the alteration in the veining of the wings and the thickened mass at the extremity of the antenne. If, however, this be admitted, it will become necessary to form another for my M. auripennis, which would, I consider, be unnatural. Six years ago I described another genus from Australia, which I refer to this family, on account of the similarity in the veining of its wings, although it is perhaps doubtful whether it is not more nearly related to the Nemestrinides. Genus MIDAS, Wied. (Mydas, Fabr.) Spectres I.—M. heros, Perty. (Del. Anim. Art. Braz. t. 36, f. 11.) Ater, antennis ferrugineis, abdominis segmento Imo sulphureo-hirto, alis antice testaceis costa et venis fusco-nigris. Long. lin. 26. Expans. alar. lin. 42. Brasilia. Species I1.—M. giganteus, Thunberg. (Sw. Trans. 1818, p. 246, Wied. Mon. Mid. tab. 52, fig. 1, ¢ @.) Ater, thorace vittis dilutioribus ; abdomine ¢ chalybieo, $ vix cerulescente; alis in ¢ cothurnatis vel fuscanis, in © nigris ; margine interno apiceque fuscano-flavidis. Long. corp. lin. J5—18 ¢, 20 9. Brasilia. Obs. 1.—M. cerulescens, Oliv. Ene. Méth. 8, p. 81, is regarded by Wiedemann as identical with the male of this species. Olivier, however, says, ‘‘ L’abdomen est d’un bleu trés-brillant,” which will scarcely agree with it. ‘The Rev. F. W. Hope possesses a variety of the male with the abdomen black, and the front margin of the wings pale brown, scarcely darker than the hind margin. Species III.—M. dives, Westw. n. sp. Pl. 13, fig. 1. Niger, thorace vittis cinerascentibus, abdominis segmento Imo aureo piloso, 2do aureo-sericanti, reliquis lete purpureo- ceruleis ; antennis, articulis 2us basalibus exceptis, alisque fulvis, harum basi obscuriori margineque postico translucente, pedibus longis 2. Long. corp. lin. 18. Exp. alar. unc. 3§. In Mus. D. Hope. * Latreille refers to Pangonia, but evidently in mistake for Nemestrina (R. A. 5. 480). FAMILY MIDASIDA. 51 Species 1V.—M., rubidapex, Wied. (Mon. Mid, pl. 52, f. 2.) Niger antennis apice rubris alis rubido-flavis extrema basi nigris. Long. lin. 17—19. Mexico. Species V.—M. mystaceus, Wied. (Mon. Mid. pl. 52, f. 3.) Ater antennis rubidis, epistomate utrinque albo-piloso@. Long. lia, 16. Surinam. Species VI.—M. annulicornis, Westw. n. sp. Pl. 13, flg. 2. Niger barba epistomatis nigra, antennis (nisi articulis 2bus basalibus) fulvo-rubris, annulo nigro ad apicem articuli 3tii; thorace vix cinereo vittato, abdominis segmento 2do nigro-viridescenti, 3bus ultimis nigro-cerulescentibus. Alis fusco-nigricantibus, basi venis obscurioribus, margine postico pallidius infumato 9. Long. corp. lin. 16. Exp. alar. 2 unc, 8 lin. Habitat in Brasilia. Mus. D. Miers. Species VII.—M. Bonariensis, Serville, Guér. Icon. R. An. Ins. pl. 97, f.5. (Buenos Ayres.) The description of this species has not yet been published. Species VIII.—WM. nitidulus, Oliv. (Enc. Méth. 8, p. 83. Wied. Mon. Mid. pl. 52, f. 4.) Thorace nigro albido-vittato ; abdomine subcupreo, utrinque viridi-aureis maculis, alis translucidis fusco nonnihil ad costam tinctis. Long. lin. 16. (Syn. M. nitida. Lichtenst. Mus. Holthuys. p. 213). Species IX.—M. crassipes, Westw. n. sp. Pl. 13, f. 3. Totus niger, thorace abdomineque nitidis, antennis brevioribus, pedibus brevibus femoribus posticis incrassatis dentatis, alis sub- pellucidis, vena 3tia longitudinali apiceque fusco tinctis. 9. Long. corp. lin. 16. Exp. alar. 21 unc. Habitat in America septentr.? Mus. Hope, e Mus. Children. Species X.—M. tricolor, Wied. (Mon. Mid. pl. 53, f. 5.) Thorace femoribusque posticis rubidis ; epistomate aurato: abdomine chalybeo. Long. corp. lin. 13 Habitat in insula Cuba. Species XI.— WM. tibialis, Wied. (Mon. Mid. pl. 53, fig. 6.) Niger tibiis tarsisque flavis alis fuscanis. Long. lin. 13. ¢. Ex Baltimore. Species XII.—M. politus, Wied. (Mon. Mid. pl. 53, f. 7.) Thorace nigro glabro, abdomine cupreo 3 alis nigris, pedibus ferruginosis. Long. lin. 13. 2. Habitat—? Species XIII.—M. auripennis, Westw. (in Lond. and Edinb. Phil. Mag. April, 1835), Pl. 14, fig. 1. Niger, capite, antennis, collo, angulis anticis thoracis, abdomine (segmento basali marginibusque 3tii segmenti supra et segmentis tribus intermediis subtus) pedibus- que (nisi femoribus ad basin) late fulvis ; alis auricoloribus macula versus apicem costs nigra margineque interno pellucido; mesosterni lateribus unispinosis. Long. corp. lin. 11]. Expans. alar. lin. 19. Habitat in Nova Hollandia. Mus. Hope et nostr. Obs.—The veins of the wings in this species differ from those of all the others, the anterior branch of the fourth longitudinal vein dividing and forming a small closed oval cell (appendiculated at its extremity, but wanting the small oblique appendiculated vein at its base above) near the apex of the wing, whilst the long closed cell near the middle of the hind margin is not pedunculated at the extremity most distant from the body, as in almost every other species. Sprecrrs XIV.—M. clavatus. Niger, abdominis segmento 2do aurantiaco; alis nigris, Long. lin. 10—12. Habit in Amer. Boreali. Syn. Musca clavata, Drury. Ill. vol. 1, pl. 44, f. 1. App. vol. 2 (1773). Nemotelus asiloides, De Geer, Mem. v. 6, t. 29, f. 6. Bibio filata, Fabr. Mantissa, Ins. ii. p. 328. 1. (1787.) Mydas f., Fabr. Syst. Antl. Midas f. Wied. Mon. Mid. pl. 53, f. 8. Bibio illucens, Fabricius. Syst. Ent. 756. 1. Species XV.—WM. atratus, Macq. (Dipt. Exot. t. 1,’pars 2, p. 11.) Niger, abdomine depresso ? , segmento ultimo supra macula rufescenti, alis fuscis venis obscurius margi- natis. Long. corp. 11 lin. @ @. Habitat—? An var. precedentis ? 52 SYNOPSIS OF THE DIPTEROUS Species XVI.—M. brevicornis, Wied. (Mon. Mid. pl. 53, f.9.) Niger, politus abdominis segmentis 3, 4, flavido-diaphanis. Long. lin. 1]. 2. Habitat in Brasilia. Obs. 1.—Cellula media marginis postici ramum nullum ad marginem posticum currentem emittit. Obs. 2.—M. iopterus, Wied. Auss. Zw. Ins. 1. 241. 4. Var. differt segmentis 3, 4 abdominis utrinque macula parva sub- quadrata flavida notatis et alis ubique fuscis chalybzeo resplen- dentibus. Species XVII.—M. leucops, Wied. (Mon. Mid. pl. 53, f. 10.) Thorace nigro, vittis epistomateque albopilosis, abdomine chalybzxo, alis sinuato-fuscano-flavis. Long. lin. 11 ¢. Habitat in Brasilia. Species XVIII.—M. gracilis, Macq. (Hist. Nat. Ins. Dipt. 1, p. 274, pl. 7, fig. 1.) Niger, barba et frontis lateribus albidis aut flavidis, thorace lineis 4 albis, intermediis duabus antice paullo dilatatis, vitta nigra dorsali velutina, lateralibus duabus leevibus brunneis, metathorace maculis duabus albis, abdomine violaceo metallico segmento Imo nigro albopiloso reliquis fulvo tenuiter marginatis, pedibus nigris femoribus tibiisque posticis obscure testaceis, alis brunnescentibus. ¢ 9. Long.corp. lin. 10. Habitat in America meridionali. Species XIX.—M. ruficornis, Wied. (Mon. Mid. pl. 53, fig. 11.) Niger thorace antice melleo-fuscano, antennis ferrugineis alis fuscis. Long. lin. 9. Ex Tranquebar. Species XX.—WM. interruptus, Wied. (Mon. Mid. pl. 53, f.12. ¢ Q.) Niger, abdomine fasciis tribus flavis; ]ma utrinque interrupta. Long. lin. IJ—10. ¢ 2. Habitat in Mexico. Srecres XXI.—WM. senilis, Westw. n. sp- Totus niger griseo-setosus, barba epistomatis grisea alis fuscanis costa magis fulvescenti venis posticis fusco-marginatis, cellula media versus marginem posticum venam brevemad marginem currentem hand emittenti. Long. corp. lin. 6. Expans. alar. lin. 16. ’ Habitat in Mexico. Tacubayanostr. D. Coffin. Mus. West. Species XXII.—M. viduatus, Westw. (in Lond. and Edinb. Phil. Mag., April 1835), Pl. 14, fig. 2. Niger, faciei et thoracis lateribus maculaque triangulari ad basin segmento- rum 3 et 4 abdominis sericie argentea obsitis, alis pallidis in medio fuscantibus, venis fusco marginatis. Long. corp. lin. 10. Exp. alar. lin. 16. Habitat in Nova Hollandia. Maus. nostr. Obs.—In this, and the two other Australian species of this genus described below, the fifth longitudinal vein extends to the costa a little before the extremity of the wing, instead of joining the extremity of the second longitudinal vein; moreover the long closed middle cell near the hind margin of the wing is not appendiculated (or petiolated) at its extremity most remote from the body, but extends to the next cell, which runs to the tip of the wing. Species XXIII.— WM. fulvifrons, liger. (Wied. Mon. Mid. pl. 53, fig. 13.) Niger, abdo- minis medio flavo, epistomate fulvo-hirto, antennis nigris, clava rubiginosa, alis saturate flavidis, pedibus nigris, tibiis subrubido-fuscis. Long. lin. 93. Habitat in Georgia Americana. Obs.—In the collection of drawings of Georgian insects, made by Abbot in the library of the British Museum *, are two figures ; one of which I consider to represent this insect. It is numbered 65, and represents the first segment of the abdomen as black; the 2nd, srd, and 4th, fulvous with a pale hind margin; the 5th with a fulvous margin alone; the remaining segments black. * Vol. 13, Diptera, Catalogue mark 7956, Plutarch 126 E. FAMILY MIDASID2. 53 Species XXIV.—M. pachygaster, Westw. n. sp. (pl. 13, fig. 4.) Rubiginosus, antennarum articulo 3tio fulvo, 4to nigricanti, oculis nigris intus sericie albicanti marginatis ; thoracis dorso nigro vittato, abdomine thorace latiori, segmento 1mo et ultimo fulvescen- tibus, Imo basi obscuro, intermediis nigris margine tenui postico flavo, pedibus rubigi- nosis ; alis fuscantibus ad costam melleo tinctis venis obscurius marginatis. Q Long. corp. lin. 93. Expans. alar. lin. 20. Habitat in Georgia Americana. In Mus. D. Hope. Specirs XXV.—M, basalis, Westw. un. sp. Niger, facie fulva, antennis nigris, articulis duobus basalibus fulvis, thoracis dorso obscure ferruginoso vitta media nigra, abdomine crasso seg = mentis 2—7 flavo marginatis, pedibus fulvis, coxis femoribusque 4 anticis basi nigris, alis flavido-fuscanis, venis fulvis. 9. Long. corp. lin. 11. Expans, alar. lin. 20. Habitat in Mexico. Tacubaya. D. Coffin. Mus: nostr, Obs.—The middle cell near the hind margin of the wing does not emit the short transverse vein running to the margin. Specirs XXVI.—M. maculiventris, Westw. (in Lond. and Edinb. Phil. Mag. June 1835, Pl. 13, fig. 5). Obscure niger ; abdomine testaceo fuscanti ; segmentis apice pallidis et (nisi segmentis duobus basalibus) macula triangulari nigra in medio notatis, his maculis versus apicem abdominis magnitudine crescentibus, segmento anali fusco ; abdomine toto subtus concolori ; alis flavido-fuscantibus, venis in parte postica obscurius marginatis ; epistomate nigro hirto, pedibus piceo-nigris. Long. corp. lin. 11. Expans. alar. lin. 19. Habitat in Georgia Americana. Mus. Hope et nostr. Obs.— Abbot's drawings of Diptera, No. 66, represents a probable variety of this species, in which the second segment of the abdomen has the sides and hind margin (except in the centre, where the band is interrupted) fulvous-coloured ; the third segment has also a subapical fascia interrupted in the middle of the same colour. Species XXVII.—M. incisus, Macquart (Dipt. Exot. Nouv. v.1, pt. ii. p. 1J, pl. 1, fig. 1). Niger, abdomine incisuris flavis, segmento basali omnino nigro, alis fuscis, cellulis 4 pos- ticis. Long. corp. lin. 9. Habitat Carolina. Species XXVUL—WM. parvulus, Westw. n. sp. (Pl. 13, fig. 6). Obscure fulvus, antennis nigricantibus, basi subluteis, oculis nigris intus sericie alba marginatis, thorace vittis 4 nigricantibus, 2bus lateralibus antice, intermediis 2 postice, abbreviatis ; abdomine flavo, nitido punctato, segmentis 2do et sequentibus nigro fasciatis, fasciis in segmentis posticis multo latioribus, pedibus fulvis, alis fuscanis costa magis lutescenti. Long. corp. lin. 63. Expans. alar. lin. 11. Habitat in America Septentr. D. Doubleday. Mus. Newman. Species XXIX.—M. apicalis, Wied. (Mon. Mid. pl. 53, fig. 14.) Niger, abdomine chaly- beo, medio niyro, antennis apice rubris, alis sinuato nigris, margine interno flavido ¢. Long. corp. lin. 9. Habitat in Brasilia. Species XXX.—M. virgatus, Wied. (Mon. Mid. pl. 54, fig. 19.) Niger, thorace vittis albo micantibus, alis infumatis. Long. lin. 73. Habitat in Brasilia. Species XXXI.—M. stenogaster, Westw. n. sp. (Pl. 14, fig. 3). Niger, albido setosus, facie barba densa albida obsita, thorace maculis duabus parvis in margine antico albo squamosis, alterisque duabus versus basin alarum, abdomine valde elongato, segmento antico albo-piloso, 2do nigro, 3tio obscure rufo, lateribus nigris albo maculatis ; ceteris sanguineis, singulo ad basin utrinque macula parva alba; pedibus piceo sanguineis ; alis subhyalinis. Long. corp. lin. 9. Expans. alar. lin. 13. Habitat Swan River, Australasia. Mus. Hope. Obs.—The veins of the wings of this species agree with those of M. viduatus. Species XXXII.—WM. bicolor, Westw. n. sp. (Pl. 14, fig. 2). Niger, albo-pilosus, facie barba densa albida, abdomine segmentis 5 posticis, pedibusque sanguineo-rufis, tarsis paullo obscurioribus, alis hyalinis, venis flavido-fuscanti marginatis. Long. corp. lin. 93. Expans. alar. lin. 16. Habitat in Australasia Occidentali. Mus. Hope. 54 SYNOPSIS OF THE DIPTEROUS Obs.—The veins of the wings are arranged in the same manner as in the last species. Species XX XIIT.— WM. lusitanicus, Wied. (in Meig. Syst. Beschr. 2, 130, and 6, pl. 66, fig. 1, 2 ;and in Mon. Mid. pl. 54, fig. 18 ¢ 9.) Niger, thorace albo-vittato, abdomine albo annulato, in ¢ nigro, in Q luteo ; alis flavidis, pedibus nigris. Long. lin. 8, 9. Habitat in Lusitania. Specirs XXXIV.—WM. cinctus, Macq. (Hist. Nat. Dipt. 2, p. 655, pl. 24, fig. 19). Obscure niger, facie et fronte albido-pilosis. Antennis nigris, thorace vittis 4 griseo—villosis, lateralibus subtus fulvis, parapteris fulvis, lateribus testaceis, sterno nigricanti, scutello minuto testaceo, abdomine cylindrico, segmentis fulvo-marginatis lateribus fulvis, singuli disco fascia nigra angusta abbreviata, pedibus fulvis, femoribus posticis subclavatis, apice brunneis, subtus duplici serie spinarum brevium armatis, tibiis etiam breviter spinosis. Long. corp. lin. 84. Habitat Algeria, Oran. Srecrss XXXV.—M. rufipes, Westw. n. sp. Fusco-niger, segmento basali abdominis nigro, ceteris fulvis, apice subfusco, alis fuscis; pedibus fusco-rufis, antennis vix capite longioribus. Magnitudo Rhagionis scolopacei. Habitat Sicilia ? Species XXXVI.—M. notospilus, Wied. (Mon. Mid. pl. 54, fig. 20; Walk. in Linn. Trans. 17, 339.) Niger, thorace maculis 6 albis, abdominis fasciis pedibusque flavis. Long. lin. 7 @. Habitat Monte-Video, Brasilia. Species XXXVII.— WM. vittatus, Wied. (Mon. Mid. pl. 54, fig. 23.) Canus, thorace vittis nigellis, abdomine brunneo, albo-fasciato, antennis. nigris, pedibus brunneis, femoribus pos- ticis haud spinosis, alis limpidissimis. Long. corp. lin. 63 ¢. Habitat in Nubia. Obs. The veining of the wings in this species is similar to that of M. brevicornis ; the long closed central cell which runs parallel with the hind margin of the wing, not emitting the small transverse vem from near its apex to the hind margin. ‘The small closed dis- coidal cell near the extremity of the wing, is also represented (Wied. fig. 23 d) as destitute of the short oblique spur which exists in all the other species, and which is in fact figured in fig. 23,'and 23 a. Species XXXVIII.—WM. lineatus, Olivier (Enc. Méth. tom. 8, p. 33). Niger, thorace cinereo 4-lineato, pedibus abdomineque nigricantibus, hujus segmentis albis, antennis nigris, femoribus posticis leviter spinosis vix incrassatis; alis pellucidis; venis nigris obscurius nonnihil marginatis. Habitat in Aigypto, Sakhara ; Olivier. Obs.—I do not think Olivier’s description accords sufficiently with that of M.vittatus to induce us to regard them as deseriptive of the same insect. If however identical, we must employ the name of lineatus for the species, instead of Wiedemann’s name vittatus. Specrrs XXXIX.—WM. Olivieri, Macq. (Dipt. Exot. Nouv. t. 1, part 2, p. 12, Rhopalia O.) Niger, pedibus rufis, facie capiteque subtus albo-pilosis, antennis nigris, sericie subgrisea indutis, clava maxima, thoracis lateribus supra originem alarum testaceis. Alis sub- fuscis. Long. corp. lin. 43. Habitat in AZgypto. In Mus. Reg. Paris. Olivier. An idem cum precedente ? Obs.—The hind tibie in this species terminate in two very minute spurs, scarcely visible. The wings agree with those of M. vittatus, in wanting the short appendiculated vein in the second submarginal cell, and in the absence of the short transverse vein in the middle of the hind margin. FAMILY MIDASIDZ. 55 Genus CEPHALOCERA, Latr. Macq. This genus differs from the preceding not only in the length and slenderness of the porrected proboscis, but also in being generally destitute of the short transverse vein at the middle of the hind margin of the wing; the hind tibize also possess two minute slender spurs. Srecres I. (XL.)—C. rufithoraz (Wied. Mon. Mid. pl. 54, fig. 15, Mid. ruf.) Nigra, thorace rufo-hirto, abdominis incisuris flavidis. Long. lin. 8 @. Habitat Cap. Bon. Spei. Species II. (XLI.)—C. Westermanni (Wied. Mon. Mid. pl. 54, fig. 16, Mid. West.) Nigra, thorace abdominisque basi flavido-villosis ; reliquo abdomine nigro hirto. Long. lin. 74—94 ¢ Q. Habitat Cap. Bon. Sp. Species III. (XLII.)—C. fasciatus (Wied. Mon, Mid. pl. 54, fig. 17 ¢ 9, Mid. f.) Nigra, thoracis hirsutie, pedibus antennarumque apice ferruginosis, alis flavis. Long. lin. 7,8, 3 9. Habitat Cap. Bon. Sp. Mus. Hope, nostr. Of two specimens now before me, both from the Cape, one has the antennze black, the tip of the club alone ferruginous, and the other has the third and fourth joints ferruginous, the tip of the club being black; in the second of these specimens the vitte of the thorax are scarcely discernible. Species IV. (XLIII.)—C. longirostris (Wied. Mon. Mid. pl. 54, fig.21,¢ 9, Mid. long.) Nigra, thorace flavido vittato ; abdomine fasciis albis ¢, flavis 9 ; antennis nigris, clava medio rufo-flava, alis costa fasciaque longitudinali submediana nigris, femoribus posticis basi flavis, apice obscuris. Long. lin. 64. Habitat Promont. Bon. Spei. Var. @ alisomnino brunneis, cellula 2da submarginali subaperta venaque brevis transversa in medio marginis postici adest. (Macquart 1. c.) Specs V. (XLIV.)—C. fascipennis, Mcq. (Dipt. Exot. ‘Nouv. 1. 2, p.13). Nigra, abdo- mine maculis albis ¢, pedibus rufis, alis fascia fuscana, cellula postica lmaclausa. Long. lin. 53 @. Habitat Cap. Bon. Spei. Species VI. (XLV.)—C. nigra, Macq. (Op. cit. p. 14.) Nigra, pedibus alisque fuscis, cellula postica Ima clausa, barba alba, antennis articulo 3tio medio ferrugineo. Long. lin. 5 P. Habitat Cap. Bon. Spei. Species VII. (XLVI.)—C. callosa (Wied. Mon. Mid. pl. 54, fig. 22 ¢ 2. Mid. call.) Nigra, abdomine pedibusque fuscano-flavis, abdomine nigro, alis brunneis. Long. lin. 4—5. Habitat Prom. Bon. Spei. Srecizrs VIII. (XLVII.)—C. maculipennis, Westw. n. sp. (pl. 14, fig. 5.) Capite cum oculis et proboscide nigro, antennis fulvis, articulo 4to valde clavato, apice in tuberculo contracto, thorace ferrugineo, vitta lata media (supra et subtus) segmentis lmo, 5, 6 et 7mo abdominis nigris, tribus intermediis rufis, singulo macula parva dorsali, pedibus testaceo—rufis, spinis femorum posticorum nigris, alis hyalinis, letissime iridescentibus, costa fulva, macula magna media, vittaque ad basin ducta, apiceque marginis antici nigris, Long. corp. lin. 9, Expans, alar. lin. 133. Habitat in Australasia Occidentali. D. Gould. Mus. Hope. Obs.—The veins of the wings accord with the typical species of Midas, except that the penultimate longitudinal vein extends to the costa of the wing as in M. bicolor and several other species from New Holland. The nagus is extremely prominent (fig. 5*) and the hind tibiz terminate in a horny acute pomt within which are two very slender spurs. 56 SYNOPSIS OF MIDASID 4. Genus APIOCERA, Westw. (Lond. and Edinb. Phil. Mag. June, 1835.) The head is transverse, the antennze (see plate 14, fig. 6*) shorter than the head; the first joint thick, the second minute, both clothed with long rigid setee; the third, rather small, pear-shaped ; the fourth, minute and stylate ; the proboscis is exserted, as long as the head, terminated by two large lips, and furnished with two broad spatulated palpi. The thorax is oblong, the scutellum produced, the abdomen conical, smallest in the male, but terminated in that sex by a thick exserted appendage. The legs are moderately long and slender, the hind thighs small, the hind tibiz bicalearated, and the tarsi bipulvillate. The wing-veins are arranged nearly as in Midas; the fourth longitudinal vein is however straight, and is considerably elongated before it becomes fureate, the upper branch of this fureation not emitting the short spur-like appendiculated vein found in most of the preceding insects, but wanting in those from Egypt. The discoidal cell beyond the middle of ‘the wing is dilated at its apex, and emits a vein which runs to the hind margin, so that in conjunction with the minute transverse vein emitted by the adjacent cell, as in most species of Midas, (but which cell is greatly reduced in size,) there are four cells along the hind margin of the wing. The sides of the thorax, scutellum, and legs are armed with long black bristles. Species L. (XLVIII.)—Apiocera merens, Westw. n. sp. (Pl. 14, fig. 6). Obscure nigra, facie corporeque subtus pilis cinereo-albis valde obsitis, thorace vitta angusta media aliisque tribus utrinque in medio disci abbreviatis cinereo-albis, abdominis segmentis 2, 3, et 4 lateribus et maculis duabus triangularibus ad marginem posticum magnitudine decrescen- tibus, Stoque maculis duabus basalibus, cinereo-albis, alis hyalinis, venis nigris 9. Long. corp. lin. 10. Expans. alar. lin. 14. Habitat in Nova Hollandia. Mus. Newman. Species I]. (XLIX.)—Apiocera asilica, Westw. (Lond. and Edinb. Phil. Mag. June 1835.) Nigra, vertice et thoracis lateribus piceis, palpis albidis, alarum venis nigris 9. Long. corp. lin. 103. Expans. alar. Jin. 17. Habitat in Nova Hollandia. Mus. nostr. Species III. (L.)— Apiocera fuscicollis, Westw. (Op. cit.) Obscure fusca, thorace cinereo subyittato, palpis albidis, alarum venis internis pallidis, corpore subtus albido villoso. Expans. alar. lin. 17. Habitat in Nova Hollandia? Mus. Hope. Obs.—I am by no means satisfied of the specific diversity of these three insects; my specimen of A. asilica beg in a very mutilated state. Obs.—Mydas bilineata, Fabr., Ent. Syst. 4, p. 253, a native of New Zealand, described from the Banksian Cabinet, and now in the collection of the Linnzean Society, isa large species of Thereva. The orchidaceous plant figured in Plate 14, is the Australian Thelymitra Ixiodes, Swartz ; all the insects on this plate being natives of New Holland. x = 2 > wo “T PLATE XV. DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW LONGICORN BEETLES FROM THE INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO.. —_o——__ In the magnificent collection of insects made in the Philippine Islands by H. Cuming, Esq., (a complete series of which, including all the unique species, has been secured for the British Museum), were contained single specimens of each of the insects repre- sented in the three upper figures of the accompanying plate, and which, from their great singularity, beauty, and rarity, will be deemed valuable subjects for illustration in this work. The first species has been described by Mr. G. R. Waterhouse in a paper read before the Entomological Society, under the name of Doxiors Curculionoides, from the extraordinary resemblance which it bears to a certain species of the Curculionideous genus Pachyrhynchus, also found by Mr.Cuming in the same country. The following are the characters of the genus givenby Mr. Waterhouse :— DOLIOPS, Waterh. Caput quam thorax angustius, paulo productum et postice cylindraceum, oculi reniformes, palpi mediocres, articulis terminalibus oblongo-ovatis, et subtruncatis. Antenne 11- articulate, breves et graciles, articulo 3tio perlongo et ad apicem dilatato. Thorax subglobosus postice constrictus. Elytra perbrevia, valde convexa humeris prominulis. Pedes paulo grandes, femoribus in medio sensim clavatis, tibiis latis compressis, tarsis brevibus latis. Doliops Curculionoides. Obscure viridi-zeneus, indistincte cerulescenti relucens, palpis nigris, autennis articulis 3tio et sequentibus griseis ad apicem nigris, capite linea alba longitudinaliti notato, elytris 14 guttis flavescenti—albis adspersis, maculis eodem colore corpus subtus ornantibus, tarsis cinereis, articulo terminali nigro. Long corp. lin. 53. Pl. 1a. natural size ; 1. magnified ; 1 b. mouth magnified, and seen from beneath. Although apparently allied to Doreadion in the short ovate form of the body; the form of the head, and structure of the antenne, legs, and particularly of the prothorax, give this genus a nearer relation to certain Saperde, and especially the genera Colobothea and Mesosa. COLOBOTHEA, Dejean. Colobothea leucospilota, Westw. pl. 15, fig. 2. Laete coerulea aureo zneoque tincta, rude punctata, thorace macula alba in medio marginis postici, elytris guttis 10, fascia abbrevi- ata angulata ante medium alteraque postica curvata ad suturam interrupta, albo-squamosis antennis pedibusque cyaneis; corpore subtus nigro-wneo, sterno marginibusque scg- mentorum abdominalium squamis albis variis, Long corp. lin, 103. 58 NEW LONGICORN BEETLES. UROCALYMMA, Westw. Corpus gracile depressum punctatum. Caput antice perpendiculariter deflexum (fig 3 a). Antenne gracillime. Prothorax subquadratus antice et postice marginatus, lateribus dente parvo in medio armatis. Elytra elongata depressa, subparallela apicem versus attenuata et in ¢ in caudas duas longas producta, apicibus in 2 hiantibus etacuminatis. Pedes longi tenues presertim antici maris, qui longissimi sunt, tibiisque anticis ante apicem in hoc sexu intus, 4 que posticis extus tenuissime penicillatis. Palpi graciles breves (fig. 3b Maxille et labium). The singular insects composing this genus exhibit several characters belonging to very different groups of Longicorn beetles. The elongated fore legs are analogous to those of Acrocinus longi- manus, although in their delicate structure they more nearly resemble those of Gerania Boscii; in the last-named imsect, however, all the legs are elongated. In having the tips of the elytra produced into two long tails in the supposed male, these insects are analogous to Cercoptera Banoni, Spin. (in Guér. Mag. Zool. Ins. 1839, pl. 12); and to the male of Enicodes Fichtelii, Schretb. (in Linn. Trans., and Griff. Anim. King. Ins. pl. 65, f. 1, and pl. 73, f. 2*); but in both these insects the thorax has not the sides armed with a spine, whence I consider that Urocalymma has a nearer relation to 'Tmesisternus. Urocalymma longimana, Westw. (Pl. 15, f. 3, male; f. 9, female). Fusco-nigricans, luteo sericans, punctata, elytris punctato-striatis, basi irregulariter punctatis, guttis 10 minutis albido-sericantibus adspersis ornatis (2bus posticis in ¢ obliteratis.) Long. corp. @ lin. 14, ¢ lin. 10. The remarkable orchidaceous plant represented in the plate is the Cirrhopetalon Thouarsii (Bot. Reg. vol. xxiv. p. 11), a native of Java, Manilla, the Society Islands, &e. * Hitherto the male of Enicodes Fichtelii (plate 15, fig. 4 ¢.) has alone been figured and described. The Rev. F. W. Hope, however, possesses the other sex, which he obtained from the Haworthian collection, in which it was ticketed “ Ind. or. ’’ although New Holland is the recorded country of the rare species in question. The female is accordingly now figured for the first time, plate 15, fig. 4 9. It agrees with the male in its colours, but the sides of the head are much less produced, and the elytra are not elongated into a pair of tails, although they terminate acutely. ’ ” | ma 4 See 2en oo cea? 1 i a os 5 ; a) . 4 os . *y 4 i J 1 ; ; ; : 7 = =i x 1 ~ ey ei ¢ 5 ‘ - ‘ ra - # i. ; oA af - - * au hi : Se. nett ho, 59 PLATE XVI. ILLUSTRATIONS OF TWO HITHERTO UNFIGURED SPECIES OF PAPILIO. —_9—— Papilio Rhetenor, Westw. n. sp. (Pl. 16, fig. 1 and 1a). Alis supra nigro-cyaneo nitidis, posticis oculo incompleto ad angulum ani albo supra rufo; subtus anticis griseis nigro striatis, basi sanguineis; posticis aterrimis margine omni anali late sanguineo nigro maculato angulo ani albo irrorato, Expans. alar. unc. 54. Turs fine species is a native of Assam, where it was collected by Mr. Griffith, and now forms part of Mr. Solly’s collection, alluded to in the last number of this work. On the upper side the wings are of a black colour, tinged with very dark blue, especially towards the outer angle of the hind wings, being there increased by a number of minute, slender, elongated, blue scales. At the anal angle is an incomplete eye, formed of a black spot, partially surrounded on the inside with a whitish crescent, the upper part of which is tinged with sanguineous. The fore wings beneath are of a grey colour, darker towards the base and along the outer edge, with the veins and intermediate longitudinal fascize black, the base being blood red; which colour extends broadly along the whole of the anal margin of the hind wings (except in the anal fold), marked with a black spot at the anal angle, which is much irrorated with white. The sanguineous colour in the next area of the wing is marked with three black spots, the middle one being the largest. The head and neck above are spotted with dirty white, and the antenne and legs are black. The abdomen is wanting in the unique specimen now before me. This species is most nearly allied to the Chinese P. Protenor, but differs in the anal eye, in the extent of the sanguineous colour along the whole anal margin of the hind wings, and in wanting the spots along the hind margin of the same wings. Papilio Agestor, Plate 16, fig. 2. (Gray in Zool. Misc. p. 32, Boisduy. Hist. Nat. Lep: 1. p. 376.) “ Alis griseis venis margineque exteriore nigris griseo punctatis ; posticis corticinis disco punctato griseis.’’ Expans. alar. 34, 4 une. This curious species is described by Mr. G. R. Gray as a native of Sumatra, but the specimen now figured was obtained from India by W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.L.S., President of the Entomological 60 PAPILIO. Society. The upper wings are of a dirty greyish white colour, caused by the pale ground being entirely and thickly irrorated with minute black scales, the costa, ves, and a broad apical margin (dilated at the tip) black, the latter spotted with dirty white ; the discoidal cell is marked near the tip with an oblique black bar, which extends to the black margin. The hind wings are very slightly sinuated, the base being of a paler greyish white, gradually running into a fulvous red. Between the discoidal cell and the hind margin is a row of white spots, varying in size, the four next the outer angle being preceded and followed by patches of black atoms, forming marginal, triangular patches of dark colour. The underside of the wings is paler coloured than the upper, the tips of the fore wings being fulvous brown, and the hind wings having a submarginal row of white crescents, and wanting the patches of black scales. The head, neck, thorax, breast, and abdomen, both above and below, are much spotted with white. The orchidaceous plant represented in the plate is the Indian Dendrobium pulchellum of Roxburgh, a native of woods in the district of Sylhet. HABITS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF PAPILIO." oe Mr. Epwarp Dovstepay, whose notices of the Natural History of North America (observed during an excursion undertaken solely from a zeal for the subject as exhibited in wild nature) possess the greater interest, has favoured me with a series of notes of the habits of the species of Papilio which he met with, from which the following passages are extracted :— OF THE PAPILIONES IN BOISDUVAL’S ICONES. I have seen‘all, save three, alive ; and of these three there are two, the grounds for admitting which into that work I am unacquainted with. These two are Polydamas and Villersii, both probably found in the extreme south of E. Florida, where Catagramma Clymene occurs. The other, P. Sinon, being from a drawing by Abbot, I doubt not, does occur in the U. S. By the by, this is not the same HABITS OF AMERICAN PAPILIONES. 61 as Drury’s Protesilaus, a Jamaica insect, of which I have a specimen, perfectly agreeing with Drury’s figure. The first species I will mention is Pap. Ajax, undoubtedly, I think, the P. Marcellus of Cramer. This is, Z believe, found chiefly in the lower country of the southern States, east of the Allegha- nies ; its range, I believe, is from Virginia to Florida inclusive. In Florida it was not very rare from April to June, but like most of the swallowtails was often imperfect, the tails being torn off. I rarely saw it alight on flowers, never that I recollect on the ground. Now and then it would alight on the flowers of Annona grandiflora, on which and An. (Porcelia) pygmeea, I have no doubt the larve feed there. Abbot gives it on An. (Uvaria) triloba, a shrub not growing in the part of Florida I collected in. Its flight low, rapid (not sailing with its wings expanded as P. Thoas and others). It flies in and around the low scattered brushwood, by the sides of clear- ings, old deserted cotton fields, and similar situations, often returning to the same spots; in fact so regular did the round seem to be taken, that I often have waited behind a bush for a few minutes for the return of an individual I had seen pass, and rarely failed by this means to capture it. It is ashy insect, and darts out of its course at the least motion. I think the remark in Boisduval of its alighting on fruit-trees must belong to some other species, probably the error has arisen from some confusion in Leconte or Abbot's notes. P. Marcellus. Boisd.—I first saw this lovely butterfly in the streets of Wheeling (Virginia), on the 10th of September, 1837. It was very numerous there. I afterwards took it in Portsmouth (Ohio), about 160 miles lower down the Ohio river. I think it did not occur to me in the perfect state at Cincinnati, where I found the larva on Uvaria triloba. Cincinnati is the westernmost point north of the Ohio that I observed it. Foster took it in the easternmost part of Ohio, and I observed it south of the Ohio, along the slopes of the Alleghanies, in Kentucky, and Tennessee, in July, 1838, in tolerable numbers. Its flight is rather more graceful than that of P. Ajax. It sometimes alights in the muddy places by the roadsides where little streamlets cross, especially during the heat of the day. This and P. Ajax, when perfect and fresh from the pupa, are of a lovely pale green, which, however, soon fades to the dirty white of Boisduval’s figures. My specimens are fast fading, but still retain a good deal of the green. 62 HABITS OF AMERICAN PAPILIONES. P. Asterias is the most widely- diffused species of the genus, as far as I know, in North America, being found very far north, in Canada, in Newfoundland, and as far south as the middle of Mexico. It seems little affected by climate, for though varying much in size, you will find all sizes both in the north and south. It is in all respects a variable insect. You know the difference in the sexes, each sex differs much in different individuals, in colour especially, in the amount of blue and yellow on the hinder wings. The anterior wings in some indeed are all but faleate, in others almost rounded. It is a common species everywhere, appearing in the south early in spring, nay in the winter months. These are hybernated or hybernat- ing specimens, for they evidentlyhave long been out of the pupa, being all worn. I think Boisduval is probably wrong in its being three- brooded. Two broods, the latter hybernating, and appearing the first warm days of spring, I think, is the true state of the case. It flies in gardens, fields, highways, &c., frequently alighting in the mud in hot weather. When settled down in the mud-holes of an Ohio road, or beside the streamlets of the Alleghany roads, it is very easy to take. (Flight, like our Machaon.) It is fond of flowers, especially of some of the thistles (as Cnicus porridulus), and of Cephalanthus occidentalis. Its larva I have seen in gardens on Umbelliferz. (To be continued.) 63 ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE, NOTICES OF NEW WORKS, &c. (No. IV.) INFORMATION RESPECTING THE HABITS OF EXOTIC INSECTS.—It so rarely occurs that the entomologist is able to obtain any satisfactory re- marks on the habits of exotic insects from travellers competent from their knowledge of entomology, combined with enlarged views on the general laws of nature, that I presume no apology is needed in offering to the student, from time to time, extracts from the works of authors whose acquirements stamp a sterling value upon their observations. The writings of Burchell, Darwin, Gosse, and Doubleday, especially merit attentive perusal on this account. The journal and remarks during the years 1832—1836, made by Charles Darwin, Esq., M.A., Sec. Geol. Soc., published as the 3rd Volume of the “‘ Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majesty’s Ships Adventure and Beagle,” afford numerous passages relative to insects from which the following is extracted. “ At Port San Julian, in Patagonia, although we could nowhere find, during our whole visit, a single drop of fresh water, yet some must exist, for by odd chance I found on the surface of the sea- water, near the head of the bay, a Colymbetes, not quite dead, which, in all probability, had lived in some not far distant pool. Three other kinds of insects—a Cincindela-like hybrida, Cymindis and a Harpalus, which all live on muddy flats, occasionally over- flowed by the sea—and one other beetle, found dead on the plain, complete the list of Coleoptera. A good-sized fly (Tabanus) was extremely numerous, and tormented us by its painful bite. We have here the puzzle that so frequently occurs in the case of mosquitoes—On the blood of what animals do these insects com- monly feed? The guanaco is nearly the only warm-blooded quadruped, and they are present in numbers quite inconsiderable compared to the multitude of flies,” p. 200. It is a curious circumstance in the economy of nature that the gnat and mosquito are also found in the greatest profusion in damp situations, where they can find but few opportunities of indulging their blood-thirsty propensities (see Introd. to Modern. Class. of Ins. vol. ii. p. 511). The comparatively rare occurrence 64 ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE AND NOTICES, also of the Chigoe or Jigger in the human foot, although during the dry season it multiplies incredibly in sandy and dusty places, evidently proves that the ordinary development of the majority of the individuals is elsewhere than in the foot, and consequently that its burrowing into the flesh is but an occasional habit. LAND INSECTS OBSERVED ON THE OCEAN.—‘ Several times, when the ship has been some miles off the mouth of the Plata, and at other times, when off the shores of Northern Patagonia, we have been surrounded by insects. One evening, when we were about ten miles from the Bay of San Blas, vast numbers of butterflies, in bands or flocks of countless myriads, extended as far as the eye could range. Even by the aid of a glass it was not possible to see a space free from butterflies. The seamen cried out, ‘ It was snowing with butterflies!’ and such in fact was the appearance. More than one species were present, but the main part belonged to a kind very similar to, but not identical with, the common English Colias edusa*. Some moths and hymenoptera accompanied the butterflies ; and a fine Calosoma flew on board. Other instances are known of this beetle having been caught far out at sea; and this is the more remarkable, as the greater number of the Carabide seldom or never take wing. The day had been fine and calm, and the one previous to it equally so, with light and variable airs. Hence we cannot suppose that the insects were blown off the land, but we must con- elude that they voluntarily took flight. The great bands of the Colias seem at first to afford an instance like those on record of the migrations of Vanessa Cardui+; but the presence of other insects makes the case distinct, and not so easily intelligible. Before sun- set, a strong breeze sprung up from the north, and this must have been the cause of tens of thousands of the butterflies and other insects having perished.” (Darwin’s Journal, p. 185.) Species ET IcoNOGRAPHIE GENERIQUE DES ANIMAUX ARTICULES.— Under this title M. Guérin Meneville announces the publication of a new work, to appear in parts, at the begining of 1842, consist- ing of a series of illustrated monographs of insects, which will doubtless maintain the scientific reputation of their author. ” * “Tam indebted to Mr. Waterhouse for naming these and other insects. T Lyell’s Geology, vol. iii. p. 63. j PLATE XVII. ILLUSTRATIONS OF TWO ROSTRATED LOCUSTID. ———e— Tue insects represented in the opposite plate exhibit a singular departure from the ordinary form of the Locusts, in the front of the head being produced into a long rostrum somewhat like that of the typical Fulgoree. Amongst the grasshoppers with long antenne there is a genus, Copiophora, in which the head is elevated into an erect and pointed horn, and in Mesops and Proscopia, two genera of Locusts, we find an approximation to these two insects. Notwithstanding the great elongation of the head in front of the eyes, I refer the unique insect represented in the upper figure to the genus Opsomala of Serville rather than to his genus Mesops, because the antennz are inserted near the eyes, whereas in the latter genus (which has much more the habit of Truxalis) the eyes are “ placés assez loin des antennes,” and because the same organs are not ensiform, thus assigning the msect to Serville’s second divi- sion of Opsomala with the “antennes composées @’articles peu aplatis et point élargis.” OPSOMALA GLADIATOR, Westw. (Pl. 17, fig. 1). Luteo-fusca, virescente parum tincta, capite antice in rostrum (prothorace duplo longius) pro- ducto, antennis rostro brevioribus gracilibus, alis hyalinis vix incoloratis, abdomine longissimo, pedibus 4 anticis brevissimis. Long. corp. (rostro incl.) unc. 34; long capitis unc. 1, ante oculos unc. 3, Expans. tegm. unc. 34. Habitat Sierram Leonam. In Mus, D. Hope. This is a giant in the genus Opsomala, being nearly twice as long as the largest described species. It is entirely of a luteous brown colour, slightly varied with darker brown, with a paler oblong patch on each side of the upper surface of the prothcrax. The head is produced into a rostrum nearly three-fourths of an inch long, its upper surface being nearly continuous with the disk of the head, and gradually narrowed from the eyes to the tip; the upper surface flat along the middle, but with the sides towards the eyes deflexed ; the under surface of the rostrum forms a very sharp edge, and is slightly curved, the tip being obliquely truncate. The eyes are oval and slightly elevated; the antennx are placed at the base of the lateral channel which extends from the base to the apex at the sides of the rostrum ; they are slender, filiform, and not so long as the rostrum. The prothorax is slightly rugose, with the dorsal carina scarcely elevated, and with three transverse very slight impressed lines across the middle of the back. The tegmina are narrow, not so long as the abdomen, with the apex almost rounded ; they are of a pale ]uteous-brown colour, with the veins varied with darker brown ; the wings are almost colourless ; the middle of many of the cells is, however, rather clouded with a tinge of pale brown. The abdomen is very compressed and shining, with the anal ap- pendages whitish. The four fore legs are very short, and the hind pair are scarcely longer than the abdomen; the femora terminating on the outside in an elongated spine. The pro- sternum is armed with a short spine, and the meso- and metasternums are broad. NO. V.—l1st JANUARY, 1842. E 66 NEW ROSTRATED LOCUSTID A. The insect represented in the lower figure constitutes a new genus, which, notwithstanding the great size of the frontal pro- minence, I arrange in Serville’s section Conophori, and to which may be applied the generic name of BACTROPHORA, W. Corpus elongatum subcylindricum ; caput magnum, oculis magnis prominentibus, fronte in baculum (capite fere duplo longiorem) cylindricum, infra carinatum producto. Antenne prothoracis longitudine, 24-articulate, parum compress, articulis 3tio et proximis bre- vissimis et tenuioribus; inter et prope oculos ad basin rostri inserts. Facies infra valde tumida; labrum maximum bilobum. Prothorax tuberculatus, absque carina dorsali, canalibus duobus transversis impressus. Pedes 4 antici breves. Prosternum dente brevi obtuso armatum. BACTROPHORA DOMINANS, W. (PI. 17, fig. 2.) Tota luteo-fulva, antennis (articulis 2us basalibus exceptis) nigris, tegminibus fusco-nebulosis alis apice fuscis. Long. corp. rostro incluso unc. 33. Long. rostri ante oculos =$; unc. Expans. tegm. une. 4, Habitat—? In Mus. Soc. Zool. Lond. The produced front,of the head forms a snout somewhat like that of some species of Fulgora, ascending a little from the impressed arched channel between the eyes ; the under side is rather rugose, and along the centre runs a carina which terminates in the acute arched, rather dilated apex: this carina at its base is fureate, each branch extending to the base of one of the an- tenne ; the pronotum is covered with small tubercles, which even extend along the anterior margin, two being of larger size in the middle. The tegmina are opake and very closely reti- culated ; they are of the same colour as the rest of the body, but are clouded with many small patches of brown ; the wings are pale fulvous at the base, with the apex dark brown. I regret that the locality of this extraordinary and unique insect is unknown. The plant figured is part of a twig of Combretum comosum, a splendid species found at Sierra Leone. x 16. eer Be le CRAY siRNA ig, PO ene eal a PLATE XVIII. ILLUSTRATIONS OF TWO SPECIES OF PAPILIO. Seen Tue two upper figures in this plate represent a butterfly de- scribed by Fabricius fifty years ago under the name of PAPILIO PELAUS, (Fabr. Ent. Syst. vol. iii. part 1, p. 5), but of which no figure has hitherto been published ; indeed the insect appears to be of the greatest scarcity, smce Godart and Boisduval are acquainted with it only from the Fabrician description; whilst from Fabricius having referred it to the Papilio torquatus of Cramer (Ins. 15, t. 177, fig. AB), with a mark of doubt, its rank as a species has been questioned*. Jam indebted to E. Doubleday, Esq. for an opportu- nity of figuring a specimen which accords with the Fabrician descrip- tion, except in having one white detached lunule near the anal angle above, and two beneath. There cannot, however, I think, be a doubt that it is the true Pelaus, and that it is abundantly distinct from P. torquatus. Mr. Doubleday is unfortunately unacquainted with the locality of his specimen. Fabricius says, ‘ Habitat in India,” but the habit of the species, as Boisduval suggests, is rather that of a New World—most probably South American or West Indian—species. The lower figure represents a new species, allied to P. Thymbrzeus, and especially to P. Perrhebus; for an opportunity of figuring which I am also indebted to Edward Doubleday, Esq., in whose col- lection it is unique. Being a native of Mexico, I propose to give it the name of PAPILIO MONTEZUMA, W. P. alis latis cyaneo-nigris, anticis punctis minutis marginalibus albis, posticis obtuse dentatis lunulis marginalibus albis, lunulisque sex submarginalibus maculaque ad angulum ani sanguineis. This species measures about four inches in the expansion of the wings, which are comparatively of great breadth; the fore pair having the apical margin’ slightly rounded and divided into slight scallops; the hind pair are obtusely dentate, the middle tooth being * P. Pelaus Herbst, (P. Peleides Esp., Boisduval,) is distinct, if indeed it really exist in nature, F 2 68 HABITS OF AMERICAN PAPILIONES. produced into a very short tail. On the upper side the disk of the wings is of a fine raven blue-black ; the apical margin of the fore wings marked with small whitish spots between the longitudinal veins ; the hind wings have whitish marginal scallops, and a row of six erim- son-pink submarginal lunules, and an irregularly squarish spot of the same colour within the anal angle. The under side (represented in fig. 3) is similar to the upper, except that the disk is not so intensely raven black, and the red lunules of the hind wings are rather smaller. The body is black, with the palpi and sides of the head, thorax, and abdomen crimson pink. The orchidaceous plant represented in the plate is the Maxillaria tenuifolia of Lindley (Bot. Reg. v. 25, pl. 8), a native of Mexico, recently mtroduced into this country. MR. DOUBLEDAY’S NOTES ON THE HABITS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF PAPILIO. (Continued from page 62.) P. Calchas is quite a southern species. I do not know its northern limit precisely, but am not aware of its occurring farther north than N. Carolina; Cramer I think says Virginia; but his localities are not to be depended on, any more than Boisduval, who mistakes states as large as England for towns. I only saw it in E. Florida, where I found the larva on the Red Bay, Laurus Carolinensis. The perfect insect I saw first early in February, when I captured a worn speci- men on the flowers of Gelsemium sempervirens. This had of course hybernated. I found it in profusion at St. John’s Bluff, chiefly in an open spot near the river, and in old cotton fields, where it fre- quented the flowers of Cnicus horridulus, and was then very easy to take. Sometimes it sails up and down the pathways in the woods, its flight then is easy and almost majestic. P. Philenor. See Harris for its northern limit. I know of its occurrence in different localities from N. York to E. Florida. It there (E. F.) frequented the flowers of Annona grandiflora. It is fond of alighting in the mud, like Turnus &e. My western specimens are infinitely finer both in size and colour than any I have seen from the Atlantic states, be they northern or southern. Flight not very powerful, generally low. PLATH XIX. DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME CETONIID FROM TROPICAL AFRICA. —_@——_ MECYNORHINA POLYPHEMUS.—Fic. 1. Tus insect (of which the female is here figured) is of such extreme rarity that hitherto no other examples have been recorded than the male, which was described by Fabricius from the Banksian Cabinet, bequeathed to the Linnzean Society by Sir J. Banks (but which was stolen from thence between the years 1826 and 1836) ; and the male, which Mr. Gory now possesses in his cabinet *. The account given of the habitat of the latter specimen, by Messrs. Gory and Perchéron, in their (Monographie des Cétoines), is very vague, and it is due to the scientific world that a precise statement should be made by the former of these gentlemen as to the manner in which his specimen came into his possession, especially as it is known that several French Entomologists were allowed to inspect the Banksian collection during the period above-mentioned. The male differs from the female in having the head singularly cornuted (fig. 1d), and in having the anterior tibie mternally dilated at the base and armed with several teeth, the outside being also 3-dentate (fig. 1 e), the middle tibize having one small middle tooth; and the hind tibiz destitute of teeth. The female, on the other hand, has the head rather emarginate in the front and not cor- nuted; the fore tibize are only 3-dentate on the outside, the middle tibize bi-dentate, and the hind tibiae 1-dentatein the middle. Ihave been extremely careful in the delineation of the pale spots and markings, for the purpose of showing that in this respect the species ts variable, and consequently if M.Gory’s or any other specimen shall be found to correspond with Olivier’s figure drawn from the Banksian specimen, in the position of the spots and markings, it will be impossible to arrive at any other conclusion than that such specimen is the identical one stolen from the Banksian Cabinet. I am indebted to J. Turner, Esq., of Manchester, for an oppor- tunity of making known, for the first time, the female of this * Dr. Burmeister informs me (14th of November, 1841,) that M. Dupont possesses a male. 70 AFRICAN CETONIID2. beautiful insect, which is a native of the Gold Coast, Africa. Fig. 1 a represents its maxilla, both lobes of which are furnished with a strong tooth; fig. 1%, the extremity of the deeply-cleft mentum and the labial palpi; and 1 e, the mesosternum. The Rev. F. W. Hope first proposed the genus Mecynorhina in his “‘ Coleopterist’s Manual,” part 1, p. 60, 1837. He, however, added Goliathus micans, Daphnis, and Grallii, to Polyphemus ; but in the Supplement to that work, p. 119, he restricted it to the last- named insect, stating that a second species is in the possession of Mr. Joseph Hooker, of Glasgow, which he considered as undescribed ; but which, I am able to state, is the male of Goliathus torquatus *. Mr. MacLeay has, however, separated Polyphemus and Torquatus into distinct subsections (as shownin hisarrangement of the Goliathi+, abstracted at page 6 of this work,) in consequence of the difference in the armature of the head ofthe males. The male of G. torquatus, however, has two short horns in front of the eyes, although the extremity of the middle horn is not forked. The two species, how- ever, precisely agree in the armature of the tibie in both sexes, and, which is of more importance, in the structure of the mavxille and mentum, as well as in the velvety clothing of the upper surface. These two insects, therefore, constitute a group of precisely equal rank with Dicronorhinat, Hope (délas, Lap. Hist. Nat. An. Art. Col. v. 2, p. 162) ;—Enudicella, White (Gol. Gralli, Daphnis, Smithii, Morgani, &c., in which the males have the mando toothless, although in the females it is armed with a strong tooth, and the fore tibize toothed only on the outside in the males) ; and Ccelorrhina, Burmeister MSS. (Gol. 4. maculatus, Olivier) ; the last-named group being distinguished by the male having the anterior tibie entirely destitute of teeth, and the clypeus concave in front with a short central recurved horn dilated at the tip, like a * Schonherr evidently changed the name of this species to avoid confusion with Cetonia torquata of Fabricius, a different species. In the male of M. torquata (as appears from Mr. Joseph Hooker’s drawings, and Dr. Burmeister’s manuscripts) the mando is unarmed ; in the female, however, in Mr. Hope’s collection I find it furnished with a strong tooth. Mecynor- hina thus differs from Eudicella, chiefly in the armature of the fore tibize of the males. + The various faets stated in the first article of this work and in the present paper, together with the circumstances that Goliathus Hépfneri is most nearly allied to Ischnostoma (accord- ing tothe manuscripts and figures of Dr. Burmeister), and that the Coryphe (Narycius) olivaceus of MacLeay and the Goliathus (Dicronocephalus) opalus of MacLeay, are sexes of the same species, (Dr. Burmeister having shown me M. Dupont’s original specimens) will render neces- sary an entire revision of the Goliathideous Cetoniide, whilst the removal of Cryptodus to the Dynastidx, Macroma to the Cremastocheilides, and Philistina (or Mycteristes) to the Goliathides, will render equally necessary a revision of the classification of the entire family of Cetoniide. ~ A more important character of this group than has hitherto been noticed has been sug- gested to me by Professor Burmeister, namely, the want of a tooth to the lower lobe of the maxilla. This I find to be the case in both sexes. AFRICAN CETONIID, 71 reversed triangle ; and the female having the head broad and nearly quadrate, the fore tibize externally 3-dentate, the four posterior with one tooth in the middle, and both lobes of the maxilla armed with a strong tooth *. The three other insects figured in this plate will be deemed highly interesting additions to this family, not only because they are not included in the work of Gory and Perchéron, or Mr. MacLeay’s Memoir on the African Cetoniidee, but from their structural characters. The two upper ones were regarded by Dr. Bur- meister, whilst in this country, as congenerous with Ccelorrhina 4-maculata. They, however, certainly belong to a different group, which appears to me to be intermediate between Coryphe of Mac- Leay (Gnathocera, G. and P., but not of Kirby), and the more aber- rant Schizorhine +, and for which may be proposed the sub-generic name of TMESORRHINA, W. Caput maris haud cornutum, clypeo in utroque sexu emarginato. Maxille lobo interno apice obtuso vel in dentem brevissimum et obtusum producto ; lobo apicali brevi obtuso supra dense ciliato. Mentum apice valdeincisum. Prothorax subtrigonus postice latissimus margine postico in medio emarginato. LElytra basi latiora, interdum ad apicem suture spinosa. Mesosternum breve, porrectum latum rotundatum. Pedes antici maris longitudine variant, tibiis externe (nisi in apice) haud vel vix dentatis. Tibie intermedie maris in medio inermes, postice vero inmedio dente minuto instructe. Pedes foemine breviores latiores, tibiis anticis extus 3-dentatis, intermediis in medio vix dentatis; posticis in medio 1-dentatis, ungues appendiculo brevi bisetoso instructi. Color metallicus nitidissimus. In respect to the unarmed head of the males, these insects may be considered as the African representatives of Coryphe leta of Java, and C. nigritarsis of India ; the maxille, anterior tibie, and clypeus are, however, not similar; the latter character would indeed induce us to refer these insects to Schizorhina, but we find an emarginate clypeus in the females of Coryphe umbonata and C. flavomaculata, whilst the metallic colouring is more especially the character of Coryphe. Srecies 1—Tmesorrhina amabilis, W. (P1. 19, fig. 2.) Smaragdina, nitida, nigro-punctulata, antennis nigro-piceis, femoribus tibiisque roseo-opalinis, tarsis nigris, prothoracis lateribus (nisi versus angulos posticos) marginatis — ¢. Syn.— Gnathocera amabilis, Bainbridge (in Proc. Ent. Soc. p. 5, March 2, 1840). Long. corporis, lin. 10. Habitat Sierram Leonam, D. Strachan. In Muszeo D. Hope. * J am indebted to the Rev. F. W. Hope for permission to dissect a great number of his rare and unique Cetoniide, including a female of Cel. 4-maculata. T Such as S. cyanea, Oliv., which is a native of Sierra Leone, although Mr. Macleay says that no Schizorhine occur in Africa (Cet. So. Afr. p. 28). It has the apical lobe of the maxillz terminating in an acute spine, the inner lobe unarmed, the male fore tibie narrow and terminated externally by ¢wo spines ; and the female fore tibize broad and tridentate. Mr. Mac- Leay gives this as the type of his section of Schizorhina which he named Insulares (I presume after Sch. insularis), which is, however, very unlike Sch. cyanea, in many respects. ee AFRICAN CETONIID.2. The fore legs in the unique male of this species in Mr. Hope’s collection are shorter than in Tm. simillima, with the tibize slightly indicating the existence of two teeth in addition to the apical one, which is separated from the next by a deep incision. The middle tibize are straight, but the hind ones are slightly bent at the middle, with a minute tooth on the outer edge. The maxilla have the inner lobe terminated by a short black horny point. The elytra are not spinous at the extremity of the suture. Fig. 2a, maxilla; 26, extremity of the anterior tibie ; 2c, ungues. Species I1.—T'mesorrhina concolor, W. (Pl. 19, fig. 3.) Aureo-smaragdina, punctulata, antennis tarsisque 4 anticis nigris, posticis duobus aureo-viridibus, elytris lineis duabus longitudinalibus levibus, humerisque macula triangulari nigra notatis, segmentis ventralibus medio opalinis 9. Syn.—Celorrhina concolor, Burm. Hope (in Proc. Ent. Soc., July, 1841). Long. corp. lin. 12=J] unc, Habitat Sierram Leonam. In Mus. Britann. et Hope. Weare acquainted only with the female of this species, which may at once be known from the preceding by its splendid golden green colour, larger size, and by the prothorax having the sides entirely margined almost to the hinder angles. The colour of the feet is also different. Fig. 3 a, represents the mandible; 3 6, the maxilla, the mando of which terminates in a very minute point, and the galea is thick, horny, and obtuse 5 3 ¢, the mentum and labial palpus ; 3d, the mesosternum seen sideways 3 3 é, ditto, seen from beneath. Species I1].—Tmesorrhina simillima, W. pl. 19, fig. 4. Late viridis, nigro punctulata clypeo antennis pedibusque fulvis viridi-nonnihil tinctis, elytris guttis 18 minutis albis notatis, prothorace ante scutellum rubro-marginato ¢@. Long. corp. lin. 12. Habitat Sierram Leonam. In Mus. Britann. (sub nomine Ceelorrh. s. Burm.) The unique male of this species in the British Museum is of a narrower form, and the legs are longer than in Tm. amabilis. The anterior tibize are slender, with the outer margin not dentate, but terminating in an apical spine, being rather narrowed beyond the middle, and their inner margin is hairy. The middle tibiw are unarmed on the outside, but slightly hairy on the inner margin at the apex; and the hind tibie are straight, with a minute central tooth on the outside. The suture of the elytra terminates in two short spines ; the mando of the maxilla is unarmed. The extraordinary plant represented in the plate is the Angraeeeum caudatum of Lindley, one of the Orchidacez, at once distinguished by the singular elongation of its spur, which Dr. L. informs me sometimes reaches a foot in length. It is a native of western tropical Africa. PLATE XX. MONOGRAPH OF THE HYMENOPTEROUS GROUP, DORYLIDES. ——_e—_ Tue group Dorylides, composed of the four genera Dorylus, Rhogmus, Labidus, and Afnictus, presents to us a series of insects, now of considerable extent, of which we still remain in entire ignorance of the females, as well as of the natural habits of the group; our knowledge being at present confined to the characters of the male sex, and to the facts that the males are often captured flying by night, and are so rare that out of a dozen species of Labidus collected in Brazil, by W. Burchell, Esq., single individuals were only found of nearly every species. Mr. Shuckard, in his Monograph upon this family, has suggested that my genus Typhlopone is composed of the females of Labidus, and has conse- quently removed Typhlopone from the family of the ants, in which, as [have endeavoured to prove in a memoir subsequently published in the Annals of Natural History, he appears to me to have violated nature, Typhlopone possessing a far greater majority of the characters of the Formicide than of any other family. Latreille considered the Dorylides as aberrant Mutillidee, deeming them to be solitary insects ; whilst St.-Fargeau and Haliday place them in the family of the social ants ; Shuckard however considers them as an oscillant family between the Mutillidee and Formicidz, on account of their possessing—firstly, only a single recurrent vein to the fore wings; secondly, a single calcar to all the tibiee (characters of the Formicide) ; thirdly, a labrum closely shutting the mouth (a character of both families) ; fourthly, the curtailed structure of the palpi (whieh is stated to ‘separate them peculiarly from both tribes”); and fifthly, the enormous size of the male genital organ, in which Mr. Shuckard states they exclusively resemble several of the solitary Heterogyna. The curtailed structure of the palpi and the large size of the male genital organ are, however, characters of some of the Formicide, as particularised in my observations on Typhlopone, and thus in every one of these characters the Dorylides are seen to resemble the Formicidee, with which they also agree in 74 MONOGRAPH OF THE DORYLIDES. the distinct basal segment of the abdomen *. Considering, therefore, the Dorylides as a section of the Formicide, and having shown that Typhlopone also belongs to the same family, it may be urged that there are good grounds for considering with Mr. Shuckard that Typhlopone is composed of female Labidi. I do not think that this is the ease, for the reasons which I have given in my observations on that genus above referred to, but I am far from willing to assert that such may not ultimately prove to be the case. Lasipus, Jur. Of this genus, composed, as it was supposed to be until last year, of only a single species, Mr. Shuckard gave an excellent Monograph, including descriptions of ten species (exclusive of L. mediatus). By the kindness of W. Burchell and J. Miers, Esqrs., I am, however, enabled to double the number. of species ; several of my new species possessing curious characters not hitherto noticed. I may likewise add, that, with the exception of Perty’s wretched figure of the species he named Labidus Latreilli, no illustration has yet been published of the genus, nor do we find in the latest works the internal organs of the mouth correctly described. These I have figured under the letters A and B, and they will be found to resemble the corresponding parts in Typhlopone, as figured by me in my “Introduction to the Modern Classification of Insects,” vol. ii. p. 226, fig. 86, 19, 20. Section A.—Peduncle subtriangular, with the sides elevated. Species 1.—Labidus Fargeavii, Shk. (Mon. Dor. p. 11.) Rufo-fusco-hirtus ; capite, antennis, thorace femoribusque nigris, cetera rufo-fuscus, abdomine supra rufo-sericeo, pedunculo supra canaliculato, venis alarum fulvo-rufis. Long. Corp. environ 14 lig.=17 lin, angl. mens. fere. Syn.—Labidus Latreillii, Saint-Farg. H. N. Hym. 1. 229. nec Jurine. Inhabits the province of St. Catherine, Brazil, on the sea-coast. Species I1].—Labidus Burchellii, W. (Plate 20, fig. 1.) Piceo-niger, pubescens et pilosus, abdomine fulvo-brunneo, pedunculi lateribus valde elevatis mandibulis subrectis, tibiis tarsisque posticis gracilibus. Long. Corp. lin. 93. Expans. alar. lin, 183. Taken at Santos, Brazil, by W. Burchell, Esq., on the 20th October, 1826, at 9 o’clock p.m. This very distinct species has the head and thorax of a dirty brown colour and pubescent, and the abdomen fulvous-brown and not shining, the body beneath and at the sides clothed with long slender reddish hairs. The head is large, and the ocelli minute. The mandibles are long, nearly straight, the tips only being bent round, (Fig. 1 a). The thorax is clothed with a dirty luteous pubescence, it is scarcely broader than the head, and not gibbous in front; the abdo- minal peduncle is subtriangular, the sides very much elevated, the hind angles acute and produced ; the extremity of the abdomen is deflexed; the antenne and legs are long and slender ; the femora blackish ; the tibiae pitchy, but on the upper side reddish ; the tarsi testa- ceous, the posterior tibiee and tarsi slender, the tarsi having a minute tubercle at the base ; within (fig. 1 2; 1c, ungues); the wings are very slightly stained with brown, and almost hyaline, the veins brown ; the marginal cell is angulated behind, and the cubital vein is not thickened behind the second submarginal cell. * Other characters which these insects possess in common with the Formicide are detailed by St.-Fargeau and Haliday. MONOGRAPH OF THE DORYLIDES. 75 Species ITl.—Labidus Jurinii, Shk. (Mon. Dor. p. 11.) ‘ Rufo-testaceus, pubescens ; capite (mandibulis antennisque exceptis) nigro ; pedunculo abdominis subtrigono, supra valde concavo ; pedibus longissimis,” tibiis posticis articuloque basali tarsorum posticorum compressis ; alis subfulvis. Long. Corp. lin, 103. Expans. alar. lin. 20. Supposed by Mr. Shuckard to be an inhabitant of Demerara. Mr. Miers has brought it from Brazil. Srecies 1V.—Labidus Latretli, Jurine, (Latr. Shk.). Rufo-testaceus pubescens, pedunculo abdominis subtrigono, suprain medio plano, ad latera elevato ; alis lete fulvis venis fuscis Long. Corp. lig. 8 94 mens. angl. Inhabits Cayenne. Species V.—Labidus Servillei, W. (Plate 20, fig. 2.) Testaceo-fulvus breviter pilosus, capite nigro, pedunculo subtrigono, lateribus valde elevatis, tibiis basique tarsorum posticorum latis compressis, alis infuscatis, venis fulvo-fuscis. Long. Corp. lin. 84. Expans. alar. lin. 14. Taken at Para, in Brazil, by W. Burchell, Esq., on the Ist February, 1830, at 11 o’clock p.m. The head small and black, the ocelli Jarge,and placed in a triangle; the space between each of the hind ones and the eyes equal to the space between these two ocelli; facial carinze strong, terminating beneath the front ocelli ; mandibles large, curved, a large space being left be- tween them and the clypeus ; antennz long, slender, and fulvous ; basal joint thicker than the terminal part. Thorax not very convex in front ; peduncle of the abdomen much narrower than the next joint, subtriangular, truncated in front, with the fore angles rounded ; hinder angles prominent and acute ; sides very much clevated, shining; remainder of abdomen pubescent, deflexed at the extremity; anal plate not deeply notched, the two angles acute; legs long, fulvous ; hind tibie flat, attenuated along the basal half ; basal joint of tarsi dilated and emargi- nate within near the base to receive the spur of the tibie ; wings dusky, the veins dark fulvous brown ; fore wings shorter, and more truncate at the tip than usual. Section B.—Peduncle with the sides parallel and not elevated. +.—Peduncle shorter than broad. +.—Legs moderately long. Sreecres VI.—Labidus Hartigii, W. (Plate 20, fig. 3.) Rufo-brunneus, abdomine fasciculato, pilosissimo, pilis longis fulvis, pedunculo angusto. Long. corp. lin. 8. Expans. alar. Jinse9; Inhabits Brazil, Rio Janeiro, J. Miers, Esq. ; also taken at Sapé, in Brazil, by W. Burchell, Esq., on the 14th of October, 1828, at 10 o’clock p.m. Entirely of a brown-red colour and not shining, except at the junction of the abdominal segments ; front of the body with very short hairs ; metathorax and abdomen clothed at the sides above with very long fulvous hairs, and forming a thick brush at the extremity of the body. The antenne are moderately long and slender, the basal joint rather thicker ; mandibles long and much curved; facial carine but little elevated, but with a deep fossula between them, extending to the front ocellus. Thorax very gibbous in front, metathorax narrower than the mesothorax, its hind angles rounded off. Peduncle narrow, with the hind angles acute. Extremity of abdomen deflexed ; fore legs short, hind legs rather long, with the tibia and tarsi simple ; wings stained light honey-colour, with the stigma and veins fulvous, the submarginal cell lanceolate, not acuminated from the apex of the second submarginal cell, nearly as large as the first two submarginal cells united ; the first of these is somewhat larger than the second, and is divided from it by a curved vein, the second receives the recurrent vein rather before the middle of its length, beyond which the cubital vein is not thickened. Species VII.—Labidus Esenbeckii, W. (Plate 20, fig. 4.) Rufo-brunneus, abdomine lineis duabus dorsalibus pilorum rufo-brunneorum, pedunculo thoracis latitudine. Long. corp. lin. 73. Expans. alar. lin. 19. Taken at Rio Vendinha, in Brazil, by W. Burchell, Esq., on the 10th of September, 1828, in the evening. Entirely of a brown-red, not shining; mandibles very long and curved ; facial carine scarcely extending above the base of the antenne ; the front of the thorax very gibbous, metathorax as broad behind as the front of the thorax, acutely truncate; peduncle as broad as the meta- thorax, its hind angles acute ; the other abdominal segments with two rows of red-brown hairs, few in number on the anterior segments, but forming two thick pencils at the extremity, which 76 MONOGRAPH OF THE DORYLIDES. is deflexed ; hind legs longer than in the preceding, tibiz and tarsi simple ; wings almost hya- line, very slightly stained with fulvons, which is the colour of the veins ; stigma darker, marginal cell large, acutely angled behind, the second transverso-cubital vein being very short ; the recurrent vein is inserted near the base of the second submarginal cell, the cubital nervure beyond it not being dilated. I Legs very short. Sprcres VIII.—Labidus Jiligeri, Shk. (Mon. Dor. App. p. 43.) Fuscus, subpubescens ; vertice, prothorace, extremitate mesothoracis, scutello, metathorace et pedunculi disco nigris; abdomine rufo-iestaceo subnitido. Long. corp. lin. 7. Expans. alar. lin. 153. Tnhabits Brazil. In Mus. Shk. Serces IX.—Labidus Halidaii, Shk. (Mon. Dor. p. 13.) Rufo-testaceus, pubescens, capite (clypeo, mandibulis antennisque exceptis) nigro, stigmate alarum brunneo et abdominis pedunculo transverso-quadrato, supra in medio convexo. Long. corp. lin. 7. Expans. alar. lin. 143. Svx.— Zab. Laéreiilii, Hal. Linn. Trans. 17, p. 328. Tnhabits Brazil, Si. Paul. In Mus. D. D. Curtis et King. Sences X.— Labidus Fonscolombii, W. Totus brunneo-tesiaceus, pubescens, abdomine sub- nitido, stigmate alarum rufo-iestaceo, pedibus brevissimis. Long. corp. lin. 7. Expans. alar. lin. 163. Tnhabits Brazil. D. Miers. Eniirely of a brownish-red, finely pubescent, the abdomen brighter coloured and rather shining. Head smal] ; mandibles short and slightly curved, very hairy ; face with a central channel extending io the front ocellus ; ecelli placed in a curved lime. Thorax very gibbous in front and at the scutellum. Abdomen with the peduncle nearly as broad as the following seg- ment, its posterior angles rounded off, its upper surface entire and slightly convex, the ventral portion slizhily angulated ; abdomen with the intermediate segments slightly constructed at the base ; anal plate with a very deep noich, the lateral processes very acute. Wings very slighily tinged with cinereous, more fulvous towards the costa. Stigma fulvous brown; marginal cell evidently acuminate beyond the apex of the second submarginal cell, the first transverso- cubital vein curved, and the second cubital cell receiving the recurrent vein nearer the base than the middle of its length, beyond which the cubital vein is strongly thickened. The legs are exceedingly short. O&s.—Most of the characters given above will distinguish this species from L. Halidaii, whilst the colour of the head, thorax, and peduncle, the shorter scape to the aniennz, and the more Villose and more robust thorax, distinguish it from L. Iligeri, and its considerably larger size from L. Swainsonii. Serces XI.—Labidus Swainsonii, Shk. (Mon. Dor. p. 14.) Rufo-testaceus, pubescens, capite (mandibulis antennisque exceptis) castaneo ; peduncalo abdominis transverso-quad- rate, supra subconvexo, pedibus brevibus. Long. corp. lin. 63. Expans. alar. lin. 13. Habitat in Brasilia. (Mus. D. Shuckard.) Para in Brasilia, D. Burchell (capt. 17 Decemb. 1829, ad 11 hor. pw.) Etiam im Mexico. Mus. Westwood. Sprcms XII.—Labidus Hopei, Shk. (Mon. Dor. p. 15). Rufo-testaceus, pubescens ; capite (mandibulis antennisque excepiis) atro ; thorace fusco, scutello in medio sulcato, et pedun- culo abdominis transverso-quadrato, supra subconvexo. Long. corp. lin. 6. Expans. alar. lin. 12. Habitat in Brasilia. In Mus. Hope, Shuckard et nosir. Comm. D. Melly. Sencms XTi —Labidus Gravenhorsiti, W. Testaceo-fulvus, capite (antennis mandibulisqae exceptis) airo, theracis dorso fusco, abdomine longo cylindrico. Long. corp. lin. 7. Expans. alar. lin. 122. Taken at Rio Vendinha in Brazil on the 10th of September, 1828, in the evening, by W. Burchell, Esq. The head is rather small and black, the ocelli lanze and wide apart, the clypeus casta- neous, the mandibles rather shori and curved, the antenne slender; ihe thorax brown, above pubesceni, beneath more iesiaceous, not very gibbous in front; scutellum entire, noi suleated; peduncle as broad as the abdomen, and shorily transverse-quadrate, flat above, with the posterior angles produced backwards and acute ; the sides obliquely truncate towards the hind angles, beneath scarcely angulated ; the remainder of the abdomen almost cylindrical, the legs short and testaceous, red, the hind tibiz and tarsi simple, tibial spur straight and not - MONOGRAPH OF THE DORYLIDES. 77 dilated at the base ; wings slightly dusky, with a falvous tint towards the base, apex, and costa; wings and stigma fulvous ; marginal cell conical at the tip, second submarginal cell Jarger than the first, and separated from it by 2 nearly straight vein, the recurrent vein received in the middle of the second submarginal cell, beyond which the cubital vein is slightly thickened ; abdomen with the last joint compressed above at the tip; anal plate deeply emarginate, the lateral processes acute. Obs.—This species approaches nearest to L. Hopei, but is distinguished from it by many of the characters given above. Obs.—Mr. Burchell also captured a specimen at Guardamér, in Brazil, on the 2th of September, 1828, at midnizht, which differs from the above in having the wings rather more dusky, with the stigma darker and brown at the base, the vein separating the first and second submarginal cells, straight, and the anal plate not exposed. Species XIV.—Labidus Spinole, W. Fuscus, cylindricus, capite atro, abdomine fulvo-fusco, pedunculo transverso, lateribus subrotundatis, alis infumatis, venis stigmateque subfuscis. Long. corp. lin. 63. Expans. alar. lin. 113. Taken at Meia Ponte, in Brazil, on the 16th of October, 1827, by W. Burchell, Esq. Very similar to L. Gravenhorstii, from which it differs in its darker-coloured wings and stigma ; the two basal submarginal cells are not so long, the vein separating them being less oblique, the legs darker coloured, the peduncle broader and not so square, the sides being rather rounded, the central surface scarcely angulated. Mr. Burchell also captured another specimen at Caisara, in Brazil, on the 23d of October, 1827, which although greatly mutilated appears to belong to this species. Species XV.—Labidus Guerinii, Shk. (Mon. Dor. App. p. 44). Fuseus, subpubescens : capite atro, scapo antennarum iscrassato, clypeo tuberculis binis acutis, reeurvis, instructo ; mesothorace antice valde convexo, abdomine pedibusque magis rufescentibus. Long. corp. lin. 52. Expans. alar. lin. 12. Habitat in Brasilia. In Mus. D. Shuckard. Species XVI.—Labidus D’ Orbignii, W. (Sbk. Mon. Dor. p. 15.) Niger, brunneo-holose- Ticeus, pedunculo abdominis semicirculato, supra subconvexo, nervis alaruam brunneo- testaceis, ocellis parvis, cellula marginali brevi postice acute angulata. Long. corp. lin. 63. Expans. alar. lin. 12. Habitat in America Meridionali, D. D’Orbigny. In Mus. nostr., e Mus. Reg. Paris. communic. - Species XVIL—Labidus Walkerii, W. Castaneo-fusens, marginibus segmentorum abdo- minis lucidioribus, alis infumatis, venis fuscis, ae transverso-quadrato, subtus haud angulato. Long. corp. lin. 5. Expans. alar. lin = 95. Taken at Meia Ponte, in’ Brazil, on the 16th of October, 1827, by W. Burchell, Esq. Body long, cylindrical, and of a dark brown colour, with the head darker and the margins of the abdominal segments brighter coloured, pubescent ; jaws rather short and curved, facial carinz extended along the outside of the front ocellus; ocelli large, lateral ones placed elose to the eyes. Thorax gibbous before and behind. Peduncle transverse-quadrate, the sides slightly elevated, posterior angles not acute, ventral surface not angulaied. Legs short and very slender; wings dusky, with brown veins and a dark brown stigma; marginal cell Janceo- late, two first submarginal cells larger, separated by a curved vein, the vem separating the second and third submarginal cells straight and much longer than in L. D’Orbignii, the cubital vein closing the second submarginal cell bebind not thickened ; the legs are very short and of a brick brown colour. Most like L. D’Orbignii, but smaller and of a browner colour ; the marginal cell differently shaped ; the legs not black, the wings darker coloured, with the second submarginal cell of equal breadth throughout. Srecres XVIII.—Labidus Klugii, Shk. (Mon. Dor. p. 16). Rufo-castaneus, pubescens, vertice, thoracis dorso, et stigmate alarum badiis; clypeo tuberculis binis, acutis, instructo, et pedunculo transverso-quadrato, subconvexo. Long. corp. lin. 43. Expans. alar. lin. 83. Habitat in insula St. Vincentii, D. L. Guilding. In Mus. D. Shuckard. Srecres XIX.—Labidus Erichsonii, W. Longus, cylindricus, rufo-testaceus, capite badio ; clypeo integro ; pedunculo subtransverso, angulis acutis ; stigmate magno nigricanti. Long. corp. lin. 5. Expans. alar. lin. 9. Habitat in Brasilia, D. Miers. 78 MONOGRAPH OF THE DORYLIDES. Entirely of a fulvous red colour (except the head, which is dark chesnut) and shining, being but slightly pubescent ; the jaws of moderate size, the clypeus entire, the ocelli very large, the facial carine very strong, and extending on each side of the front ocellus, forming a strong angle beneath it; the antenne are long and slender, the basal joint longer than in L. Klugii ; the thorax is not very gibbous in front, the peduncle is narrower than the thorax or abdomen, and of a squarer form than in any of the preceding, with the angles acute; the abdomen is very long and cylindric, not thickened towards the tip as in L. Klugii. The wings are broad and almost colourless, with thin brown veins ; the stigma large and blackish ; the marginal cell is slightly attenuated towards the tip ; the first and second submarginal cells are large, separated by a slightly curved vein; the recurrent vein is received at the middle of the second sub- marginal cell, beyond which the cubital vein is thickened ; the anal plate is deeply and widely emarginate ; the lateral processes very acute. + + Peduncle as long as broad. Species XX.—Labidus Romandi, Shk. (Mon. Dor. p. 17). Rufo-testaceus; vertice badio, stigmate alarum brunneo-fusco, et pedunculo abdominis quadrato-convexo ; mandibulis brevibus, tenuibus ; abdominis segmentis posticis, subcompressis. Long. corp. lin. 43. Expans. alar. lin. 73. Inhabits Brazil (Mus. D. Shuckard). Also taken at Canga, in Brazil, on the 4th of November, 1838, during the night, by W. Burchell, Esq. Mr. Burchell possesses a specimen 4 lines long, and with the wings expanding only 7 lines, which I refer to this species, although the anal plate is not exposed, and the wing-veins exhibit the following distinctions, which are, I apprehend, to be regarded as irregularities :—The right fore-wing has four submarginal cells, a small supplemental one (forming a third) being interposed between the ordinary second and terminal cells. This little cell is very narrow in front, but broader behind. The left fore- wing has also four submarginal cells, but here the small supplemental cell is interposed between the ordinary first and second ; it is of a triangular form, and does not extend upwards to the marginal cell, the second transverse-cubital vein being in fact furcate at a little distance from the marginal cell. UNKNOWN SPECIES. Species XXI.—Labidus Pertii, Shk. (Mon. Dor. p. 18). Syn.—Lab. Latreillii, Perty, Del. An. Art. Br. p. 138, t. 27, f. 11. Obs.—Dorylus mediatus, Fabr. Syst. Prez., p. 428. (Labidus? mediatus, Shk. Mon. Dor. p. 18.) preserved in the Royal Museum of Copenhagen, has been examined by Dr. Erichson, who informs me that it is a male Mutilla, having the third joint of the antenn (instead of the base of the second, as described by Fabricius) ferruginous. JEnictrus, Shk. This genus differs from Labidus in the venation of the wings, and geographical situation ; and from Dorylus in the small size of the body, the long curved mandibles, and the slender cylindrical thighs ; whilst it is at once separated from Rhogmus by possessing only one recurrent vein. Mr. Shuckard founded the genus in his Monograph on the Dorylidze upon two specimens of a single species brought from Poonah, in Bombay, by Col. Sykes. I have, however, long had a note of a second species in the Cabinet of the Linnzean Society, and now possess, by the kindness of W. W. Saunders, Esq., President of the Entomological Society, F.L.S., &c., a specimen of the species described by Mr. Shuckard, taken in Northern India, by Lieut. Campbell. Ld MONOGRAPH OF THE DORYLIDES. 79 Species I.—Enictus ambiguus, Shk. (Mon. Dor. p. 24). Rufo-testaceus, pubescens, capite (anteanis mandibulisque exceptis) et thorace nigro, mandibulis longissimis ; facie carina media subtus furcata, alarum venis stigmateque fuscis, pedunculo profunde cana- liculato. Long. corp. fere lin. 4. Expans, alar. lin. 74. (PI. 20, fig. C., head.) Habitat India Orientali, Poonah. In Mus. Sykes, Saunders, et Westw. Species I].— Ainictus certus, W. Rufo-fulvescens, pubescens, capite brunneo-nigro, mandi- bulis sub-brevibus, stigmate alarum fusco, venis fulvo-fuscis, pedunculo antice angustiori, disco subplano. Long. corp. (abdom. incury.) lin. 33. Expans. alar. lin. 74. Habitat? In Mus. Soc. Linn. Lond. Head pitchy or brunneous black, the face redder brown; the antenne fulvous, with long slender hairs; mandibles short, faleate, and fulvous. The thorax is fulvous, finely setose. The abdominal peduncle is somewhat triangular; the sides rather rounded, and the posterior angles not acute ;the sides are slightly elevated, and the disk is nearly flat and not channelled in the middle; the second, third, and fourth segments of the abdomen are of nearly equal size, the fifth is much longer than either of these segments, the sixth is much shorter, and the seventh is about as long as the sixth. The male organs are concealed. The wings are throughout more stained with a light fulvous tint than in Aun. ambiguus. The stigma is fulvous, and the veins are fulvous-brown. There is considerable difference in the position of these veins in the two known species. ‘The cubital vein arises very near the postcostal in Ain. certus, but at a distance from it in AS. ambiguus, in consequence of which the first cubital cell is smaller than the second discoidal cell in the former, whereas they are of equal size in the latter; this is further increased by the vein which separates the first and second discoidal cells being deflexed at its extremity in /E. certus, whereas it is straight in Ain. ambiguus, termi- nating at a greater distance from the extremity of the anal vein ; moreover the transverse veins which close the extremity of the cubital and discoidal cells are much more angulated in in, ambiguus than they are in A®n. certus. Doryuus, Fabr. The species of this genus are confined to Africa and Asia. They are distinguished by possessing very short feet, with com- pressed femora, two submarginal cells, and only one recurrent vein in the fore wings. A.—Peduncle cup-shaped, nearly as large as the following segment. Species I.—Dorylus nigricans, Uliger (Fabr. Shk. Mon. Dor. p. 28). Nigricans, brunneo- holosericeus, capite magno, abdominis petiolo acetabuliformi, segmento 2do paullo minori, oculis minutis. Long. corp. lin. 13. Expans, alar. lin. 214. Inhabits Sierra Leone. B.—Peduncle cup-shaped, much smaller than the second segment. Specirs 1.—Dorylus helvolus, Linneus, &c. (Shk. Mon. Dor. p. 29). Helvolus pilosus ; capite rufo, facie opalina convexa, petiolo acetabuliformi, 2do segmento multo minori. Long. corp. lin. 125. Expans. alar. lin. 214. Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope. Species I1].—Dorylus affinis, Shk. (Mon. Dor. p. 30). Helvolus pilosus ; capite rufo- castaneo ; facie plana, petiolo acetabuliformi, 2do segmento multo minori. Long. corp. lin. 103. Expans. alar, lin. 19. Inhabits the vicinity of the river Gambia. Differs from the preceding in its smaller size, in the cubital nervure being slightly undulated (instead of straight), as far as the separation of the two’ submarginal cells and the recurrent nervure, inserted at fully one-half of the length of the first of the latter. C.—Peduncle quadrate, mandibles slender and much acuminated, Sprcies I1V.—Dorylus glabratus, Shk. (Mon. Dor. p. 31). Rufo-brunneus, glaber, sub- robustus, venis alarum nigris, vertice valde prominente. facie in medio sulcata, mandibulis attenuatis, labro tuberculis binis obtusis instructo et pedunculo abdominis transverso- quadrato. Long. corp. lin. 143. Expans. alar. lin. 233. Inhabits the vicinity of the river Gambia. 80 MONOGRAPH OF THE DORYLIDES. Species V.—Dorylus juvenculus, Shk. (Mon. Dor. p. 32). Rufo-fuscus, glaber, subattenu- atus ; capite (antennis mandibulisque castaneis exceptis), et venis alarum nigris, vertice valde prominente, facie in medio suleata, labro tuberculis binis instructo et pedunculo abdominis quadrato-convexo. Long. corp. lin. 153. Expans. alar. lin. 24. Inhabits Barbary. Species VI.— Dorylus labiatus, Shk. (Mon. Dor. p. 33). Pallide brunneus, seu rufo-testaceus glaber, facie pilosa, subtuberculata, prominula, in medio profunde sulcata, mandibulis attenuatis, labro tuberculis binis magnis instructo et pedunculo abdominis quadrato vel potius subgloboso. Long. corp. lin. 143. Expans. alar. lin. 23. Inhabits Poonah and Assam. D.—Peduncle quadrate, mandibles broad and nearly triangular. Species VII.—Dorylus orientalis, Westwood. (Proc. Z. Soc. 1835, p. 72, Shk. Mon. Dor. p- 34). Helvolus pilosus, abdomine glabro, capite rufo, facie in medio sulcata, mandibulis subtrigonis, vena cubitali valde sinuosa, pleuris sericeis et pedunculo abdominis quadrato gibboso ; venis binis internis alarum posticarum venis duabus transversis convexis. Long. corp. lin. 124. Expans, alar. lin. 19. Inhabits Bengal. Species VIII.—Dorylus longicornis, Shk. (Mon. Dor. p. 35). Helvolus subpubescens, capite nigro convexo, facie in medio sulcata, mandibulis subtrigonis, pleuris obscuris, vena cubitali subrecta, petiolo abdominis quadrato gibboso. Long. corp. lin. 1]3. Expans. alar. lin. 18. Inhabits Bengal. Species IX.—Dorylus attenuatus, Shk. (Mon. Dor. p. 36). Helvolus vel testaceus sub- pubescens, capite nigro vel rufo, facie in medio sulcata, mandibulis subtrigonis, venis alarum brunneis vel testaceis, pedunculo quadrato gibboso. Long. corp. lin 103. Expans. alar. lin. 15. Supposed to inhabit the vicinity of the river Gambia. Specres X.—Dorylus atriceps, Shk. (Mon. Dor. pl. 37.) Sordide helvolus, glaber, capite (antennis mandibulisque badiis exceptis) atro, facie valde prominente in medio subsulcata, pedunculo abdominis quadrato-gibboso. Long. corp. lin. 93. Expans. alar. lin.152. From the vicinity of the river Gambia. The mandibles are very broad, with a large obtuse triangular projection at the base within, leaving no space between them when closed, their inner edge acute. Ruoemus, Shh. This group has been proposed as a genus by Mr. Shuckard, for the reception of a species which differs from the other Doryli, by - possessing two recurrent veins in the fore wings, which have only two submarginal cells ; the mandibles are triangular, the feet very short with the thighs broad and compressed, and the abdomen very long and clavate. From the irregularities which so frequently occur in the position of the veins of the wings of the other Doryli, I consider that the first of these characters, which Mr. Shuckard con- siders as of primary importance and employs in his synoptic table, of too trivial a nature to warrant the generic separation of Rhogmus from Dorylus, whilst its other characters appear to me but specific distinctions. Species I.—Rhogmus fimbriatus,Shk. (Mon. Dor. p. 39.) Helvolus pilosus ; abdomine glabro, segmento ultimo supra et duobus ultimis subtus fimbriatis ; capite (clypeo anten- nis mandibulisque castaneis exceptis) nigro, venis alarum brunneis et pedunculo abdominis transverso-quadrato, convexo. Long. corp. lin. 173. Expans. alar. lin. 22. Inhabits the Gold coast and the vicinity of the river Gambia. The splendid Orchidaceous plant figured is the Cattleya Aclandie of Lindley, Bot. Reg. vy. 26, pl. 48, a recently discovered species inhabiting Brazil. wsenes a WT DOSS TIL LEU AO Oy Slap HRN lap ast parser me SOR ~“ Sl PLATES XXI, XXII, AND XXIII. ON THE SCARITIDEOUS BEETLES OF NEW HOLLAND. —_@——- Tue insects represented in these three plates are referable to the section of the Carabidze, which Latreille denominated Bipartiti or Fossores, and Dejean Scaritides, and which was characterised by having the elytra not truncate at the tips (as in the Brachinides) ; the antennze often elbowed, the thorax generally almost semicircu- Jar, and separated from the abdomen by a narrowed peduncle and the legs generally rather short, with the fore tarsi not dilated in the males, and the fore tibize palmated. In the second edition of the “ Regne Animal ” we find the genus Carenum, of Bonelli (composed of a single species, Se. cyaneus, Fab., from New Holland), placed in conjunction with Enceladus and Siagona, on account of the large triangular form of the last joint of its labial palpi. To these succeed the majority of the genera having palmated fore feet and a long second joint of the antennee, the section being terminated by a second subdivision, composed of the genera Morio, Ozena, Ditomus, and Apotomus, in which the fore tibize are not palmated, and the second joint of the antennze com- paratively short. It is impossible, on studying this arrangement, not to arrive at the conclusion that it is entirely artificial: thus, the Australian Carenum (which is the more immediate object of our observations) has no further character in common with Enceladus and Siagona, than in having the dilated terminal joint of the labial palpi; whereas in its general structure, palmated tibiae, and elongated second joint to the antennee, it unquestionably belongs to the group typified by Scarites proper. We find, however, in the structure of the mouth, another character, which occurring in an organ of peculiar importance in the classification of the Coleoptera, adds far greater weight to the relation of Carenum with the last-named genus and its immediate relations *. Latreille himself had observed this * Boisduval (Voy. de l’ Astrolabe, p. 23), states that Carenum ‘a une grande analogie avec les Scarites, les Encelades, les Pasimaches, les Ozena, les Clivina et les Morio.” He does not, however, describe in what the analogy with which such discrepant genera consists. NO. VI.—Ilst MARCH, 1842, G 82 AUSTRALIAN SCARITID®. character, namely, the want of a terminal hook to the maxille in Carenum and Pasimachus, which latter, he observes, ‘“‘se rapproche du dernier (Carenum) relativement aux machoires, qui sont droites et sans crochet terminal’ (Régne An. iv., p. 382); but he describes Acanthoscelis, Scarites, Oxygnathus, and the remainder of his first subdivision as having the ‘‘ machoires arquées et crochues au bout.” This is however erroneous, although no subsequent writer on the predaceous beetles has corrected it. Ihave before me Latreille’s own dissections of several of these genera, in all which the maxille are obtuse at the tip; and in all the true Scaritides (composing his first subdivision, except Siagona and Enceladus) which I have dissected, I have found the same character *; except in Clivina, which is thus proved (contrary to the arrangements of most Con- tinental authors) to differ from Dyschirius in this important respect. Until very recently, only one true Scaritideous insect (or rather two species confounded together) had been described by entomolo- gists from New Holland—namely, the Scarites cyaneus of Fabricius, Carenum eyaneum Bonelli. Within the last few years, however, descriptions of three other species have been published—namely, Arnidius marginatus Leach (described by M. Boisduval); Eutoma tinetilatus, deseribed by Mr. Newman; and Carenum perplexum, by Mr. A. White. Fifteen species are described in the present paper belonging to the first subdivision of Latreille, in addition to three other species which approximate closely to them. The chief cause of this want of descriptions of Australian Searitidze is evidently the great rarity of the insects themselves in that portion of the globe. Dejean, the late possessor of the most extensive collection of Coleoptera formed up to that period, did not possess a single species belonging to this sectionfrom Australasia, and of the species now figured in the accompanying plates, the majority are represented from unique specimens ; of these also the majority are from the new settlements in the south-western and north-western portions of New Holland; so that we are, I think, fully justified, from the large collections of Coleoptera which have been sent to this country from the older settlements on the south- eastern part of Australia without any Searitideous insect amongst them, in believing that these insects are either not indigenous to the latter district, or are of extreme rarity. * Considering the pre-eminently predaceons habits of the true Scaritides, it seems remarkable that the tooth of the under jaws should not be developed. AUSTRALIAN SCARITIDA, 83 The species now figured exhibit several peculiarities of import- ance as contrasted with the other Scaritideous insects. The singular and occasionally brilliant metallic tints of some of the species have hitherto been almost unknown in this section; the dilated form and large size of the three species represented at the bottom of plate 22, and the singular characters of the three insects figured in plate 23, fig. 2, 3, and 4, are also especially worthy of notice. I now proceed to the description of the Australian species of this section. CARENUM, Bonelli. (Syn.—Arnidius, Leach, Bdv. Eutoma, Newm.) This genus was founded by Bonelli (Observ. Entomol. 2nd part, p- 47, and Turin Trans. 1813, p. 479), upon a species which he examined in the collection of the Jardin des Plantes, at Paris, and which he considered as identical with the Searites cyaneus of Fabri- cius, from which, however, it is quite distinct. The chief character of the genus, as detailed by Bonelli, consists in the enlarged and triangular form of the terminal joint of the labial palpi, whilst the maxillary palpiare nearly cylindrical. The antenne are short, with the first joint apparently* not longer than the second [ which is about as long as the third]; the anterior tibie are externally dentated ; the elytra oblong or oval, soldered together without wings beneath them ; the mandibles are also strongly toothed on the inside, the mentum toothed in the centre of its deep emargination. The labrum is transverse but differs in form in different species, being sometimes horizontal, as in Searites, but sometimes deflexed in front, as in pl. 22, fig. 3 a. The antenne are variable in length, as well as in the relative thickness of the terminal joints ; the fore feet also differ in the number of the digitations, and there is also consider- able difference in the form and sculpture of the elytra. As however all these insects agree in their more essential characters, I have reduced the genera Arnidius and Eutoma to synonymes, because almost every species presents characters of variation as important as those possessed by the types of the two last-mentioned groups. Srecies L—Carenum Bonellii, W. Nigrum, pronoto ct elytris viridi late marginatis, horum carina marginali violacea ; disco levi, punctis duobus versus basin alterisque duobus sub- apicalibus, pronoto in medio fossula longitudinali et transverse striato, basi utrinque obliqué impresso ; tibiis anticis externé bidentatis. Long. corp. (sec. fig. Brullei) lin. 10, lat. Jin. 3. Mus. Jard. des Plantes. * I say apparently, because in most of the species the anterior lateral angles of the head ure produced over the base of the basal joint of the antenn, causing it to appear shorter than it really is. G 2 84 AUSTRALIAN SCARITID#, Syn.— Carenum cyaneum, Bonelli, op. cit. (exclus. syn. Fabr.) Brulle, Hist. Nat. Ins. t. 5, p. 63, pl. 2, fig. 6 (figured from the original specimen described by Bonelli). Boisduval, Voyage de 1’ Astrolabe, texte p, 25. Specirs 11.—Carenum marginatum, W. (Plate 21, fig. 1.) Nigrum, nitidum, leve ; pronoto elytrisque marginatis, margine viridi; palpis piceis, elytris ovalibus punctis duobus sub- apicalibus, tibiis anticis externe dentibus duobus magnis alterisque duobus minutis mediis. Long. corp. lin. 10 (=lin. 12, mens. gall.), lat. elytr. lin. 4. Mus. Brit. Hope. Dupont. Syn.—Arnidius marginatus, Leach’s MSS. in Mus. Brit. Boisduval Voy. de l’Astrol. part. 2, p. 23. Laporte, Hist. Nat. Ins. Col. vol. 1, p. 66. This is closely allied to the preceding species, from which it is distinguished by its longer and broader form, and by having only one pair of deep punctures on the elytra, near the tip. The head has two deep longitudinal impressions between the eyes, each forked in front with a small puncture near the middle of the fork ; the hind part of these impressions is directed out- wards. The labrum has three sinuses along its front edge, the middle one being the widest, but not so deep as the two lateral ones. The right mandible has three teeth in the middle, the left one two; the labial palpi have the middle joint furnished with many short bristles. The antenne are rather long and slender, the basal joint largest, the second slightly shorter than the third. The pronotum is very much rounded at the sides, the hind edge scarcely produced, and with a very slight dorsal impression; the elytra are smooth, not very shining, with slight traces (undera lens) of rows of punctures, and each is marked near the tip with a deep punc- ture. The slender margin of the pronotum and elytra is bright green, and within it, in the clytra, are a series of punctures; the humeral angles are rounded off, with a slightly-elevated angle. The anterior tibie have two large, and two or three very minute spines on the outside. Sercirs Iil.—Carenum perplerum. (Pl. 21, fig. 2.) _C. nigro-cyaneum, elytris subviri- descentibus, basi subquadratis, .vrso impunctatis; tibiis anticis extus bispinosis. Long. corp. lin. 8. Lat. elytr. lin. 23. Mus. Brit. (Inhabits King George’s Sound.) Syn.—C. perpleaum, White, in App. to Grey’s Voy. 2, p. 456. This species differs from C. Bonellii, marginatum and Fabricii (cyaneum F.), in having no deep punctures on the disc of the elytra. The head is broad, with the anterior angles very prominent. The eyes very globose, between which are two deeply-impressed strix (posteriorly converging), and suddenly bent into an angle, the front part running towards the outer base of the mandibles, with a deep setigerous puncture on each side. The pronotum is much narrowed behind, and the elytra long, ovate, and sub-depressed, nearly truncate at the base, the humeral angle forming a kind of tooth; within the dilated margin of the elytra are a series of punctures. The fore tibize are externally armed with two strong teeth. The head is black, the pronotum blue-black, and the elytra tinged with greenish blue. The antenne are as long as the prono- tum and half of the head, and the labial palpi have the last joint small and triangular. Species 1V.—Carenum politum, Hope, MSS. (PI. 21, fig. 3.) C. nigrum nitidum ; pronoto lato, dorso longitudinaliter canaliculato basique bi-impresso lateribus rotundatis et cum elytris marginatis, margine lete ceruleo; borum disco impunctato. Long. corp. lin. 7%. Lat. elytr. lin. 3. | Mus. Hope,and Entomol. Club. (Inhabits Van Diemen’s Land.) This species differs from the last (with which it agrees in the impunctate disc of the elytra) in the broad and rounded outline of the pronotum and elytra, as well as in its colours, being shiny black, except the reflexed margins of the pronotum and elytra, which are of a bright blue. The head has two deep channels on the crown (posteriorly diverging), and forked in front ; the right mandible has three, and the left one two obtuse teeth in the middle. The antenne are slender but compressed. The pronotum is broad, with the sides margined and rounded, the posterior angles being slightly emarginate, as well as the middle of the hind margin. The disc has a deeply-impressed longitudinal line, and near the hinder angles is an oblique impres- sion. In one specimen there are also two round impressions near the front margin which are sometimes wanting. The elytra are broadly ovate with the anterior angles rounded off, very shining, the disc impunctate, but with a series of impressions within the lateral margins. The fore tibie have two large teeth on the outside, beneath which are two minute ones. Sprcies V._ Carenum smaragdulum, Hope, MSS. (PI. 21, fig. 4.) C. pronoto transverso elytrisque nitidissimé czeruleo viridibus, his versus apicem bipunctatis, tibiis anticis extus tridentatis. Long. corp. lin. 83. Lat. pronoti lin. 3. Mus. Hope. (Inhabits the Swan River.) This very handsome species has the head flatter than any of the preceding, and black, except towards the neck, which is slightly tinged with green, which colour is splendidly exhibited by AUSTRALIAN SCARITIDA. 85 the pronotum and elytra, the margins of which are more elevated with a bright golden green hue. The head has two deeply-impressed lines on the crown forked in front ; the right man- dible has two teeth in the middle, the lower one being very large, and composed of three united together ; the left mandible has two teeth within, between which is a very small one. The anteune are as long as the pronotum and half of the head, slender and not compressed, with the second joint a litle shorter than the third. The pronotum is very broad and short, with the sides straighter than in any of the preceding species, and more strongly margined, the hind margin almost forming a regular curve. The elytra are ovate, with the humeral angles rounded, but with a small elevated obtuse tooth-like angle; within the lateral margin is a series of punctures. The legs are black, the anterior tibie with three teeth on the ontside. Species VI.—Carenum (cyaneum) F'abricii (Pl. 21, fig. 5). C. nigro-cyaneum glaberri- mum, elytris subpurpurascentibus, et versus basin et apicem bipunctatis, tibiis anticis extus tridentatis. Long. corp. lin, 53. lat. elytr. lin, 2. Mus. Soc. Linn. Lond. (olim. Banks.) Syn.—Scarites cyaneus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. 1, p. 95. Syst. El. 1, p. 125. Oliv. Ent. 3, No. 36, p. 11, pl. 2, fig. 17. Laporte, Hist. Nat. Ins. Col. 1. p. 66. (Carenum c.) Boisduval, Voy. de l’Astrol. p. 23, excl. syn. Bonellii et Brullei. “ Caput magnum, exsertum, cyaneum, fronte lineis duabus impressis,” postice divergentibus. “ Mandibule exserte, nigre, dentate; antenne nigre; thorax canaliculatus, cyaneus, postice rotundatus,’” marginatus, angulis posticis parum emarginatus, Elytra thorace addito capite breviora, connata,’’ purpurascenti— cyanea, glaberrima, basi retusa,” disco versus basin et apicem bipunctata, marginata ; intra marginem lateralem parum virescentia, serieque punctorum impressa, ‘*‘ Pedes nigri tibiis anticis” extus tri-‘‘ dentatis.” The above additions to the original Fabrician description (which is inclosed in inverted commas) are supplied, together with the accompanying figure, from the original unique specimen still in the possession of the Linnawan Society. The species described by Bonelli, and sup- posed by him to be identical with the present species, being quite distinct, I have applied to it the name of C. Bonellii; and in order to avoid any further confusion between the two species which have received the same specific name, I have also designated the present species with the name of its original describer. Species VII.—Carenum Spencii (Pl. 21, fig. 6, C.) Nigrum, subopacum, tibiis anticis extus tridentatis, elytris excavationibus numerosis rotundatis, triplice serie in singulo elytro ordinatis, spatiis intermediis clevatis. Long. corp. lin. 9. Mus, Melly. cum hoc nomine inscriptum. Inhabits New Holland. Syn.—Carenum Spencii, Westw. in Taylor’s Annals of Nat. Hist. Oct. 1841, p. 123. The head in this very distinct species has two impressed lines on the crown, the pronotum has the posterior angles rather strongly emarginate, the dise with a deep impressed line, and near the fore margin is a row of fine longitudinal strige. The elytra have an indistinct row of punctures on each side of the suture, succeeded by three rows of large deeply excavated round but irregular impressions, the space between the rows being elevated; the sides are margined, and within the margin is a row of deep small punctures. The fore tibie are very strongly palmate, having three teeth on the outside. Srecrrs VIII.— Carenum gemmatum, Hope, MSS. (Plate 21, fig. 7,7 a, 7 b, and 7 c.) C. viride, elytris cupreo-tinctis, punctis magnis distantibus triplice serie in singulo elytro ordinatis, tibiis anticis dentibus duobus magnis alteroque minuto externis. Long. corp, lin. 43; lat. elyir. lin. 13. Mus. Hope. Inhabits Port Essington. This beautiful little insect is most nearly allied to C. Spencii, but is, however, quite dis- tinct. The head is black in front but green behind; it has two deep impressed lines diverging behind, united with a slightly-waved impressed line which runs across the head behind the eyes; behind the labrum the two lines are strongly angulated with a small puncture near the angle; the labrum is horizontal, with the middle emargination rather deep (7 a, front of head; 7 b, maxilla; 7 c, labium). ‘he right mandible has three nearly equal teeth in the middle; the left one has also three, but the middle one is very small. The antenne are very short, with the terminal joints broad and compressed; the second and third joints are very nearly equal in length. The thorax has the Jateral margins not much rounded, and the hind margin nearly forms a regular curve; the dise has a central impressed line, and there is an oblique impression near the posterior angles ; the elytra are more oblong thau in the preceding species; the suture is deeply impressed, and each elytron bas three rows of deep round impressions placed at unequal distances apart; the two rows next the suture having four, and the one next the sides only two impressions : the fore tibiw have tivo large and one very minute teeth on the outside. 86 AUSTRALIAN SCARITIDA. Specirs IX.—Carenum™® sumptuosum, Hope MS. (Plate 22, fig. 1, and 1 a, 1 b, and 1 c.) C. angustius nigrum, igneo colore varium, elytris levibus punctis duobus versus basin alterisque duobus subapicalibus, tibiis antice externe bidentatis. Long. corp. lin. 10; lat. elytr. lin. 3. Mus, Hope. (Inhabits Port Essington, on the north coast of New Holland. ) This is the most splendid Scaritideous insect hitherto discovered. It is of a much narrower form than any of the preceding species. The head is broad, the middle and fore margin of the upper side blue-black, with a fiery copper-coloured patch on each side changing to green ; the narrow hind part of the head is also fiery copper-coloured. The crown of the head has two deeply-impressed simple lines much diverging behind, where each unites with another impressed line margining the eyes. The labrum (fig. 1 a) has the middle lobe prominent. The right mandible has four teeth, the first and second distant, with a minute tubercle between them, and the third tooth is small. The left mandible has three teeth, the middle one being small. The pronotum is about as broad as long, with the hind angles and the middle of the hind margin somewhat emarginate; the disc is blue-black, with an impressed line, but each side, and behind, is coloured with igneous copper, margined with golden- green, which colours extend inwards from the front angles to a point, The elytra are elongate subcylindric, with the suture deeply impressed, the anterior angles rounded off, the disc smooth, with two deep punctures near the base and apex; they are of a similar igneous copper-colour, margined with green, having a large blue-black central patch ; within the lateral margins of the elytra are a series of small elevated punctures. The legs are short, with the fore tibia externally bidentate. The head beneath, and two patches on each of the abdominal segments, are coppery and golden-green. Species X.—Carenum megacephalum, Hope, MSS. (Plate 22, fig. 3, and 3a). C. cylin- dricum nigrum nitidum, capite maximo, pronoto viridi, elytris levibus cupreo-viridibus, tibiis anticis dente unico apicali externo. Long. corp. lin. 8, lat. elytr. lin. 14. Mus. Hope. (Inhabits Port Essington. ) This species is remarkable for the large size of its nearly square head, of a shining black colour, with a deeply-impressed short line on each side, running from the anterior angle towards the crown, and with a circular impression on each side between the eyes; behind which the head is suddenly contracted into aneck; the mandibles have three or four not yery strong and irregular teeth; the labrum is deflexed in front (fig. 3 a), its free margin being produced in the centre and slightly notched; the outer maxillary palpi are scarcely longer than the inner ones, rather thick, with the last joint very short and triangular; the mentum and labial palpus is like that of C. gmmatum. The antennez are rather long, with the terminal joints slightly compressed, the terminal joint being longer than any of the preceding. The pronotum is considerably longer than broad, the sides parallel in front, but narrowed off behind; it is cylindrical, and of a bright green colour, with a slight dorsal impressed line. The elytra are narrowed in front, gradually but slightly increasing in breadth nearly to the tips. They are of a splendid coppery green, with the suture much depressed, the sides margined, the disc smooth ; close to the base are a few punctures, forming a small oblique line. The legs are short and black, the fore tibia having only a long single apical spine on the outside, a slight bulging out of the edge of the limb indicating the situation of the second ordinary spine. Species XI.—Carenum tinctilatum. (Plate 22, fig. 2.) C. cylindricum nigrum, elytris lateribus ceruleis, punctisque duobus subapicalibus, tibiis anticis extus bidentatis. Long. corp. lin. 8, lat. elytr. lin. 2. Mus. Entomol. Club. Syn.—Hutoma tinctilatus, Newman. Ent. Mag. 5,171. This is the most regularly cylindrical species of the genus. It is of a shining black colour, with the margins of the elytra brilliant blue. The head has two deep channels on the crown posteriorly diverging, and anteriorly furcate, with a minute puncture in the fork. The anterior angles of the head are obliquely truncate, and behind the eyes the head is gradually narrowed into a neck ; the antenne are considerably longer than the head, being about equal to it and the mandibles in length ; the terminal joints are compressed and gradually dilated, the terminal joint being the largest and oval. The clypeus terminates in two small central and two large lateral teeth, the labrum being deflexed and not visible from above. Each mandible has three obtuse teeth in the middle. The maxillary palpi have the terminal joint but slightly securiform ; the terminal lobe of the maxille is not furnished with an apical curved tooth. The labial palpi have the terminal joint securiform. The pronotum is smooth, with the front’margin straight ; the sides are also parallel for about two-thirds of the length of the pronotum ; they then become gradually narrowed and rounded off, the lateral and hind AUSTRALIAN SCARITIDA. 87 margins being margined, with two or three setigerous punctures wide apart within the margin. The disc of the pronotum is marked by a slender impressed line. The meso-thoracic peduncle is slender and narrowed behind; the elytra are as broad as the widest part of the head; they are smooth and shiny, with the suture slightly impressed, the anterior and posterior angles being equally and gradually rounded off; each elytron is marked with a deep puncture near the tip, and is margined with a beautiful blue tinge ; the margin itself is raised, and within it is a series of small setigerous punctures. The legs are short, and the auterior tibia have two very strong teeth on the outside. SCARITES, Fabricius. Srecies I. (XIT.)—Scarites Bacchus, Hope, MSS. (Plate 22, fig. 4). Sc. niger nitidus latissimus, capite puncto circulari medio foveisque duabus lateralibus impressis, elytris circularibus tibiisque intermediis dente acuto subapicali externe armatis. Long. corp. (e labro ad anum) lin. 19, lat. elytr. lin. 9. Mus. Hope. (Inhabits Swan River.) This fine species entirely recedes from the ordinary form of the genus in its broad outline and circular elytra. It is black and shining. The head is broad, and produced into an angle outside the eyes. It has a round impression on the crown, with an oval fovea on each side extending nearly to the base of the mandibles, terminating ina pointon the crown. There are also two smaller impressions in the front of the clypeus; the right mandible is 3-dentate, the inner tooth almost obliterated; the left mandible is 4-dentate, the inner tooth large ; the pronotum is broad, and margined with a rather deep central longitudinal sulcus, terminating in a cordate impression, and with an oblique impression at each hinder angle. The elytra are circular subconvex, with the suture impressed ; each is marked with six almost obsolete simple strie ; within the raised lateral margins is a numerous series of small punctures, and at a small distance from the sides, another row of six punctures placed wide apart ; and there are three other punctures forming an oblique line towards the extremity of the suture. The anterior tibie are externally 3-dentate, and the middle tibiw are furnished on the outside near the tip with a strong sharp slightly-curved spur, above which the limb is finely serrated on the outside. Species IT. (XIII.)—Scarites Leneus, Westw. (Plate 22, fig. 5). Se. niger nitidus latus, capite inter oculos foveis duabus ovalibus impressis et striyosis, pronoto utrinque versus angulos anticos puncto impresso, elytris obovatis, tibiisque intermediis dente magno curvato oblique truncato subapicali armatis. Long. e labro ad anum lin. 143. Lat. elytr. lin. 53. Mus. Soc. Linn. Lond. (Inhabits New Holland.) This species is much smaller and narrower than the preceding ; the head is angulated outside the eyes, between which are two oval impressed fovex, which, as well as the front of the head, are strongly crenulated. The right mandible has two compound teeth, the front one formed of two projections, and the hind one of three, of which the middle one is very small. The left mandible has three teeth, the middle one small, and has a small projection in front of the large anterior tooth. The pronotum has a longitudinal sulcus transversely crenulated, and has a small impression on each side towards the anterior angles, and an oblique fovea at each of the hinder ones. The elytra are obovate, each having seven slightly punctated striw; there is also a numerous series of punctures within the lateral margin, at a short distance from which is another row of six punctures at unequal distances apart, and with three other punctures form- ing a nearly straight line towards the extremity of the suture on each side. The anterior tibiz are tridentate, and the middle tibize are armed near the tip on the outside with a thick curved spur obliquely truncate at the tip. Sprcies III. (XIV.)—Scarites Silenus, Hope, MSS. (Pl. 22, fig. 6.) 8. niger nitidus latus, capite inter oculos foveis duabus profundis punctoque utrinque pone oculos ; pronoto vix foveato, elytris obovalibus sublevibus, tibiisque intermediis dente acuto subapicali externe armatis. Long. corp. (mand. excl.) lin. 133—153; lat. elytr. lin. 53—63. Mus. Hope. (Inhabits Swan River.) This species is closely allied to the last, but differs from it in the strong but acute tooth on the outside of the middle tibise, and in the want of crenulations on the forehead, pronotum, the punctures of the elytra, &c. It is black and shining, the head not angulated beyond the outline of the eyes. The crown of thé head in front has two deep oblique oval impressions extending nearly to the base of the mandibles, and two punctures close to the fore margin of the clypeus, and one on each side near the hind angles of the eyes. The pronotum has a central sulcus terminating at a short distance in front of the hind margin, and the hind anzles are scarcely foveated. The elytra are broad and obovate, with the rudiments of three or four very slight striz on each, which are lost ata distance from the apex of the elytra. Close to §38 AUSTRALIAN SCARITID. the lateral margin is a row of numerous minute punctures, and within these another row formed of six punctures placed at irregular distances, with two other punctures on the disc of each, near the extremity. The anterior tibize are externally 3-dentate, and the middle tibie armed on the outside with a long acute and slightly-curved spur. Specirs IV. (XV..)—Scarites sculptilis, Westw. (PI. 23, fig. 1.) C. niger subnitidus, pronoto subquadrato, angulis posticis rotundatis, elytris oblongo-ovalibus, singulo striis 5 profundis simplicibus, apicibus inter strias punctatis. Long. corp. (capite omisso) lin. 73, lat. elytr. fere lin. 3. Mus. Soc. Linn. Lond. (Inhabits Van Diemen’s Land.) This species is elongated and black. The head is wanting in the only specimen I have seen. The pronotum is subquadrate, with the hind angles rounded off, and with a longitudinal central sulcus 5 the elytra are oblong-subovate, each with five deep simple striw, of which the second and fifth and the third and fourth are united together at the tips, where they are dilated and where the spaces between the striw are marked with deep impressed round punctures ; there is also a fine raised submarginal line, outside of which is a row-of minute punctures. If the Carenums with their splendid colours and dilated palpi, and the broad forms of the Searites above described, have not sufficiently indicated an Entomological Fauna quite distinct from that of any other portion of the globe, the two insects next to be described will, at least, abundantly prove this. It is true that in Oxystomus, Oxygnathus, &c., genera belonging to the typical group of Searitidee, we find the mandibles not furnished with teeth; but im all other respects these insects do not differ from the others. The two insects in question, however, not only possess unarmed mandi- bles, but the structure of the upper lip, maxille and labium are those of Feronideous insects. It is true that the antennz are very short, with the second joint as long as the third; the anterior tibiz externally palmate, the intermediate tibie externally angu- lated at the tip, and the abdomen partially pedunculated ; in all which respects they agree with the absolute characters of the true Searitidee. It 1s also true that we find a porrected labrum and maxillze with the tips acute in Siagona and its allies, but they have a depressed body, short dentate mandibles, and securiform labial palpi, long antennee, with a short second joint, and simple anterior tibie, &e. Ditomus and its allies, which constitute another aber- rant section in the family, have also very acutely-lobed mazxillee, unarmed mandibles, a convex body, and subpedunculated abdomen ; but these have also long antennze with the second joint short, very minute bilobed labrum, and simple fore feet, whilst the remaining aberrant section of the family typified by Morio (to which figure 4, in plate 23, also belongs), in its flattened form, unpalmated feet, dentate mandibles, strongly bilobed labrum, short second joint to the antenne, narrowed neck, &c., offers still stronger distinctions from the two insects in question, which appear to me to constitute a distinct section, as well as genus, in the family, which may be thus characterised, AUSTRALIAN SCARITIDA. 89 GNATHOXYS. Caput pronoto multo angustius, pone oculos sensim paullo latius, ante oculos parum attenuatum ; labrum (fig. 2 a) porrectum angustum, angulis anticis rotun- datis,in medio plus minusve emarginatum. Mandibule capite paullo breviores subcurvate margine interno acuto, edentato, apiceque acuto. Maxille (fig. 24), elongate lobo apicali acuto curvato, intus setoso, palpi maxillares breves, articulo ultimo preecedenti parum crassiori. Mentum (fig. 2 c), dente medio nullo arma- tum, palpi labiales maxillaribus longitudine zquales, articulo ultimo vix precedenti crassiori; antennz (fig. 2), capite vix longiores, gracillime, articulis 2do. et 3tio., subequalibus et sequentibus longioribus. Pronotum convexum, postice parum loba- tum. Elytra e pronoto pedunculo brevi subremota, convexa, apice haud truncata. Pedes breves, sat robusti; tibiis anticis extus dentatis, intus emarginatis et calcaratis, tibiis intermediis ad apicem in spinam externe productis. Seectss 1.—Gnathoxys granularis, Hope, MSS. (PI. 23, fig. 2 and 2a, 26 and 2c.) Niger subnitidus, zneo parum tinctus, pronoto subquadrato, elytrorum lateribus et apice granulatis, disco haud striato-punctato. Long. corp. mand. exclus. lin, 13. Lat. elytr. lin. 5. Mus. Hope. (Inhabits Port Essington. ) The general colour is black, tinged, especially at the sides of the elytra, with brassy. The labrum is formed of two lobes rounded in front (fig. 2a). The clypeus has an arched impres- sion in front, succeeded by a transverse line, from which run two straight longitudinal impressions, which do not extend to the middle of the crown of the head. The antenne are very slender. The pronotum has the sides nearly straight and paraliel ; the anterior angles somewhat advanced in front and narrowed off, as well as the hind angles, which are rounded off ; the hind margin forms a lobe, and is separated by a transverse impression ; it has a slight impressed middle line, its sides are margined and crenulated; the elytra are rather dilated behind, with the base, sides, and apex thickly covered with minute raised granules, which also reach a short distance along the suture, the disc not being marked with striz, or punctures. The fore legs are externally 3-dentate, the 3rd tooth being near the base, and the middle one nearly in the centre of the limb; the two basal joints of the fore tarsi have the outer angles produced into an acute point, the two following joints have the fore angles eqnally acute. The middle tibia bave the apical external angles produced into an obtuse spine, above which the outer edge of the limb is serrulated. The middle and hind tarsi are alike, and not dilated. Srecies I].—Gnathorys irregularis, Hope, MSS. (Pl. 23, fig. 3.) Niger subnitidus, pronoto rotundato, angulis anticis haud porrectis, ely tris irregulariter punctato-striatis apice- que granulatis. Long. corp. lin. 8} (excl. mand.). Lat. elytr. lin. 33. Mus, Hope. (Inhabits Port Essington.) This species is black with a slight cyaneous tint. The labrum is but slightly emarginate in the centre in front, with the sides rounded; the antenne are very short and more moniliform than in the preceding ; the clypeus has a rather deep, short central sulcus, terminating in a transverse line, behind which are two longitudinal impressions not reaching to the middle of the crown of the head. There is also a transverse slightly-impressed line running across the head behind the eyes. The pronotum has the sides rounded, the anterior angles not porrected, and the hind margin not so much produced as in the preceding; there is a slight impressed line down the centre of the pronotum. The elytra are short, with the sides parallel, the humeral angles rounded off ; on each side of the suture is a row of impressed punctures placed irregu- larly ; then follow three double, but interrupted, rows of irregular punctures, the margin itself being more closely punctured, and the apex granulated. The anterior tibia are not so strongly dentate as in the preceding, and the apical tooth of the middle tibia is not so large. The remaining figure in Plate 23 (fig. 4, and 4 a, and 4) repre- sents a gigantic Australian species which has been already figured and described by Schreibers, in the ‘“ Transactions of the Linneean Society,” vol. vi. pl. 19, figs. 15—19 (details), and pl. 21, fig. 10, under the name of Scarrres Scurorrert ; and by Laporte, in his ‘““ Ktudes Entomologiques” and “ Histoire Naturelle des Insectes 90 AUSTRALIAN SCARITIDA. Coléopteres,” vol. i. p. 69, pl. 5, fig. 1, under the name of Hyperion Schroteri. As, however, that generic name had been long pre- viously used by Macleay for another Carabideous genus in the ‘* Annulosa Javanica,” and as Latreille had also previously employed the name of Heteroscelis (which was given to it by Dupont and Boisduval) for a genus of Cimicidee, I proposed to name it in my “* Modern Classification of Insects” (vol. i. p. 88), CAMPYLOCNEMIS SCHROETERI, W., in allusion to the singular character of the hind tibize being curved. The figures which have been given of this insect are so rude and the trophi so indistinctly represented, that I have thought it would add to the interest of this paper to refigure it with details from a fine specimen, now, I believe, in the collection of Mr. Norris. Its form is very interesting, being most nearly related to Morio of all the hitherto described SPaacoue genera; from this genus, however, it differs in the smaller-sized mentum, and in the much more strongly toothed mandibles. We, however, find in Morio traces of the structure of the apex of the anterior tibize repre- sented in figure 4. Catadromus, which also occurs in New Holland, seems also more nearly allied to it than Stomis and Poecilus, between which it was arranged by Laporte in his “ Etudes Entomologiques.” The Australian plants represented in Plates 21, 29, and 23, are Bossiza rufa, Dipodium punctatum (one of the Orchidacez) and Chorizema cordatum ; the last species having been recently imported from Swan River. 91 PLATE X IV. ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME GENERA BELONGING TO THE FAMILY CICADIDA. In the later works of Latreille the species of the genus Cicada, as restricted by Olivier to the well-known musical species (or the Tettigonia of Fabricius), were proposed to be divided into two genera, viz., Cicada, in which the musical apparatus of the males is concealed by plates ; and Tibicen, in which the first segment of the abdomen exhibits on the upper side two slits exposing this apparatus, composed of C. heematodes, Oliv., and some other species. All these insects are at once distinguished from the remainder of the Linnean Cicadee by having three ocelli on the crown of the head, and antennee composed of at least six joints. Dr. Burmeister, in the volume of his valuable ‘* Handbuch der Entomologie” treating upon the Linnean Hemiptera, has not adopted the arrangement of Latreille, but unites all the Cicade into one genus distributed into various divisions and subdivisions; to one of the latter of which, composed entirely of American species, he has applied the name of Tibicen, with the character ‘ Fusse zweigliedrig,” whilst C. hzematodes (the true type of Latreille’s proposed genus), and other species having the tarsi 3-jointed, he has arranged in other divisions. Dr. Burmeister has also described a new and most interesting insect, under the name of HEMIDICTYA FRONDOSA (Plate 24, fig. 3), constituting the passage between the typical Fulgorze and the true Cicadee, agreeing with the former in haying the hind part of the fore wings very much reticulated, and with the latter in having the basal portion like parchment, and with very few veins. The species is a native of Brazil, the unique specimen in the Royal Museum of Berlin having been collected by Langsdorf, in the neighbourhood of Rio. The accompanying figure is from a slight sketch made by myself, at Berlin, in 1835, from the specimen in question. | It is not so precise in its details as I could have wished, but is correct in its general character. With the exception of this and the species described below, we find the veins of the fore wings in all the Cicadze thus distributed :—A simplevein is emitted from the place of the stigma, beyond which another much shorter, also simple, vein is perceived. The mediastinal vein is united with the costa. The postcostal vein is 92 NEW GENERA OF CICADID. furcate at a short distance from the base of the wing, each furcation also becoming fureate beyond the middle of the wing ; the median vein is single, but emits a branch, which runs to the extremity of the anal vein; a few short transverse or oblique veins connect seve- ral of these longitudinal veins together, forming but a very small number of cells. There is, however, a fine species which inhabits Nepaul (where it was discovered by thelate Major-General Hardwicke), and other parts of India, which although agreeing with the typical Cicadze in general form and structure, has the fore wings very much reticulated, the posteostal and median veins being multifureate, not only in the apical part, but also in the more coriaceous basal portion, the furea- tions being frequently united by short transverse veins. In the formation of the musical apparatus of the male and its opercula, this species does not differ from C. fasciata; but on account of the differ- ence which it exhibits in the structure of its wings from the true Cicadee, I have regarded it as a distinct sub-genus, under the name of— POLYNEURA DUCALIS, Westw. (Plate 24, fig. 2.) C. (P.) nigra, pronoti marginibus antico et postico (latiori) flavidis; alis anticis brunneis flavo-venosis, posticis fulvis; pedibus nigris femoribus (nisi apice) rufis. Long. corp. unc. 13. Expans. alar. ant. unc. 41. Mus. Brit. Hope. Westw. (Inhabits the East Indies.) A figure of this insect, with the wings expanded, has been published in Jardine’s Naturalist’s Library (Introduction to Entomology, pl. 18, fig. 1). The two insects above described agree in having the basal portion of the fore wings separated from the apical and more membranaceous part. Theremaining insect, figured in plate 24, differs from them both in having homogeneous fore wings, although in the slight vein- ing of the basal part of these wings, and the somewhat hexagonally areolated apical part, it agrees with Hemidictya. Tam indebted to J. Curtis, Esq., F.L.S., for a knowledge of this interesting Australian novelty, by whom it has been proposed to be named— CYSTOSOMA SAUNDERSII. (Plate 24, fig. 1, and details.) Caput parvum, antenne mutilate. Promuscis ad basin femorum intermediorum extensa. Pro-et meso-thoracis dorsum fere utin Cicada maculata formatum. Epimera metathoracica mediocria, medium segmenti basalis abdominis infra haud tegentia (fig. 1 e). Tympana musicalia late- ralia (fig. 1 d), omnino detecta valde convexa, transverse striata. Abdomen maris maxi- mum valde inflatum, organa genitalia maris parva exserta (fiy. 1 @, segmenta apicalia abdominis infra visa; 1 J, genitalia subtus; le, eadem e Jatere visa). Pedes breves. Ale antic homogenex, subopacee ultra medium valde subhexagonaliter areolate. © incognita. C. Saundersii. Pallide lutea costa alarum anticarum albida. Long. corp. fere unc. 2. Expans. alar. unc. 32. Mus. Curtis. (Inhabits New Holland.) The plant is the Lobelia hypocrateriformis #R. Br., a native of tho South Coast of New Holland. Lob. ramosa Benth. (figured in my second plate under the name of L, gracilis) is a native of Swan River, whence it was introduced in 1837. 93 ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE, &c. ENod Vv.) Decatu or Prorgssor Aupouin.—It is with the most unfeigned regret that I record the decease of my friend Jean Victor Audouin, M. D., Member of the Institute of France (Academie des Sciences) and of the Legion of Honour; Professor at the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes: Member of the Société Royale d’ Agriculture; of the Philomatic and Entomological Societies of Paris; of the Academy of Sciences of Stockholm; of the Imperial Society of Naturalists of Moscow ; of the Royal Academy of Turin; of the Lyceum of New York; of the Society of Natural Sciences of Geneva ; of the Academy of Philadelphia ; of the Natural History Societies of Hartford, Mauritius, and Hall; of the Academy of Georgofili, of Florence ; of the Agricultural Society of Turin; and of nume- rous provincial French Societies for the promotion of Natural Sciences ; of the Geological Society of London, and Honorary Member of the Entomological Society of London. This distinguished naturalist departed this life on the 9th of November, 1841, in the prime of life, aged 44 years, having been born on the 27th of April, 1797, at Paris. Destined by his family for the profession of the law, his zeal for the cultivation of natural history induced him to turn his attention to the more congenial study of medicine, which however served only as a more ample base for the anatomical investigations of the Annulose Animals which he undertook, and which were at once duly appreciated by Cuvier, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, and Latreille, and which naturally led to still more elaborate researches. His first memoir on the anatomy of the parasitic Larva of Conops appeared in 1818, he being then 21 years old. The memoirs which he published between this time and 1826 manifested a more profound generalised knowledge of the structure of the whole annulose sub-kingdom than is to be met with in the works of any previous writer, not even excepting Savigny (Mémoires sur les Animaux Invertebres), Latreille (Mémoires published in the Annales and Mémoires du Museum), Cuvier, and Saint- Hilaire. In 1826 he commenced the publication of a series of anatomical Memoirs on various portions of the structure of the Crustacea, Annelida, &c., in conjunction with his friend Milne Edwards, which has been continued until his decease. He became attached, in 1826, to the Jardin des Plantes, as assistant to Lamarck and Latreille; and on the death of the latter, in 1833, he was elected Professor of Entomology, in his stead. It was in this capacity that he annually delivered a series of lectures, in which, in later years, he especially illustrated the natural history of the insects most injurious to vegetable productions ; and in prosecuting his researches upon these and other subjects, which he investigated with the most minute precision, he amassed together manuscript observations filling not fewer than fourteen thick quarto volumes, accompanied by a vast number of original drawings, and a collection of illustrations of the natural history of the insects he studied, their modes of attack upon plants, transformations, &c., arranged with the utmost care, every specimen being authenticated by references to his manuscripts. 94 DEATH OF AUDOUIN. The value of these collections and manuscripts cannot be appreciated except by those who have studied them. For myself, who have long enjoyed the friend- ship of this distinguished Entomologist, and by whom I was allowed uncontrolled liberty of examining these precious collections *, I hesitate not to say that were his manuscripts published, naturalists would not hesitate to place Audouin in the same rank as Reaumur: as it is, justice cannot be accorded to his merits, although the numerous Memoirs which he from time to time published sufficiently indi- cate the correctness of this statement, which might otherwise be deemed the remark of a person too favourably impressed with the talents of a now lost friend. These memoirs exhibit in the highest degree the spirit of observation, surprising sagacity, indefatigable patience, and a fixed determination to acquire a complete knowledge of the subjects of his investigation. The concise list which I have added, of these memoirs, at the end of this article, will sufficiently show the peculiar genius of M. Audouin. By those who enjoyed a personal acquaintance with Audouin, will his loss be most severely felt. In their memories will long survive his deep-searching remarks and precision of observation. In our rambles together on the banks of the Rhine and Seine, his conversation struck me as resembling a mine of practical intelligence; and his tact in seizing upon the peculiarities of the objects which presented themselves to our notice was most extraordinary. The non-publication of his manuscripts offers, in fact, a complete clue to Audouin’s character ; namely—a constant and too ardent desire to obtain fresh stores of knowledge, rather than a determination to occupy any of the present time in preparing for publication facts, the knowledge of which he had already acquired. M. Milne Edwards excellently expresses this characteristic in the observation which he made in his discourse at the tomb of Audouin :—“ Cette surexcitation de lintelligence succédant a une surexcitation du cceur’’ (occasioned by circum- stances unconnected with Entomology) “devait avoir des suites funestes.” Most sad indeed has been the suite. Surrounded by an attached family+ and a circle of devoted friends, and at a time when his researches were about to be given to the world, he died of apoplexy, induced by indisposition, contracted during a journey to the South of France, undertaken in his official capacity to investi- gate the natural history of the insects which infest the olive plantations,—a martyr to his favourite science. Funeral orations were delivered at his tomb by M. Serres, President of the Academy of Sciences ; M. Chevreul, Director of the Museum of Natural History ; M. Edwards, Member of the Institute and President of the Philomatic Society ; and by M. Blanchard, Assistant Entomologist at the Jardin des Plantes. I un- derstand from M. Gervais that his collections have been transferred to the Jardin des Plantes, and that his library (exceedingly rich in detached entomological articles, and most liberally opened to the entomologists of Paris) will most pro- bably be sold by auction. The vacant professorship at the Jardin des Plantes has been conferred on M. Milne Edwards. * A number of statements derived from these manuscripts and collections add considerable interest to my Modern Classification of Insects, in which I have published notices of them. + He married a daughter of the elder and sister of the younger Brongniart. A CONCISE LIST OF THE CHIEF ENTOMOLOGICAL WORKS OF J. V. AUDOUIN (EXCLUSIVE OF THOSE UPON THE ANNELIDA). — . Anatomy of the Larva of Conops (with Lachat). (In Mem. Soc. N. H. Paris, t.i., and Journ. de Phys. t. lxxxviii.) . Onthe Natural Relations which exist between the masticating and locomo- tive organs of Crustacea, Hexapod Insects, and Arachnida. (Abstracted in Cuvier’s Analysis of the Academy of Sciences, 1820.) . On the Thorax of Articulated Animals, particularly Insects. (Partly published in Ann. Sci. Nat. t. i.) . On Achlysia [now proved to be the immature state of Hydrachna]. (In Mem. Soc. d’H. N. tom. i.) . On the Natural Relations between the Trilobites and Articulated Animals. (In Ann. Gen. Se. Phys. t. viii.) 21. On the Copulative Organs of male Bombi. (In ditto.) 24. Letter on the Generation of Insects. (In Ann. Sc. Nat. tom. ii.) . Anatomy of Drilus flavescens. (In ditto.) . Note on a new species of Achlysia. (In ditto.) . Description of the Plates of Annulosa in the great work upon Egypt. . On Nicothoe, parasitic on the Lobster (with M. Edwards). (In Ann. Se Nat. tom. ix.) . On asmall [sopodous parasite upon Callianassa. (In ditto.) . Researches upon the natural history of the Cantharides (in ditto), augmented and subsequently published as his medical Thesis. . Researches upon the Circulation of the Crustacea (with M. Edwards) ; two Memoirs. (In Ann. Sc. Nat. tom. xi.) . Researches upon the Nervous System of Crustacea (with M. Edwards). (In ditto, tom. xiv.) . On Respiration of Crustacea (with M. Edwards). (In ditto, tom. xv.) . On Anatomy of Crustacea (with M. Edwards). (In ditto, tom. xxi.) . Resumé d’Entomologie, 2 v., 32mo (with M. Edwards). . Note on Nervous System of Crustacea (with M. Edwards). (Ann. Sc. Nat. tom.xx.) 2. Description of Cicindela 4-maculata, in Guérin’s Mag. Zool. 2. Memoir on various Acaride (In Ann. Sc. Nat. t. xxv.) . On the Nest of Mygale fodiens. (In Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 2.) . On a Coleopterous Insect which passes a great portion of its life under water (/Epus fulvescens). (In Nouv. Ann. du Mus. t. iii.) . On the Metamorphoses of Dosithea and its parasitic Ichneumon. (In Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. tom. iii.) . On the Habits of Sitaris humeralis. (In ditto, tom. iv.) 25. Description of Meloe collegialis. (Guérin, Mag. Zool.) . Analysis of two Calculi found in the biliary canals of Insects. (In Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 Ser. t. v.) G6 ENTOMOLOGICAL WRITINGS OF AUDOUIN. 1836. Researches upon Muscardine. (In Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 Ser. t. v.) 1837. New Experiments on Muscardine. (In ditto.) 1837. Observations on Cyz;cus,n. g. Entomostraca [Estheria, Riipp]. (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. t. vi.) 1837, On the Nest of a Brazilian Mygale. (Ann. Sc. Nat., Apl. 1837.) 1837. On the Ravages of the Pyralis of the Vine. (Ditto, tom. viii.) 1837. Gn Scolytus, in Loudon’s Arboretum, p. 1387, &e. 1839. Exposition of various Observations upon Insects injurious to Agriculture. (Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 Ser. t. ix.) 1839. Entomological Instructions for a Traveller in Abyssinia. (Comptes rendus, ty1x.p4570.) 1839. On the Habits of Odynerus. (In Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 Ser. tom. xi.) 1840. Observations on various Insects which attack Timber. (In Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 Ser. tom. xiv.) 1840. On a specimen of Bombyx Cecropia, reared at Paris. (In Comptes rendus, tom. il. p. 96.) 1840. On the Phosphorescence of some Articulata. (In ditto, p. 757.) 1840. History of Insects injurious to the Vine, especially the Pyralis, 1 vol. 4to. Part 1. Part 2 is in the press, and the completion of the work “sera proptement acheveé,” according to M. M. Edwards. 1840. Description of new Cicindelide in the collection of the Jardin des Plantes (with M. Brulle). (Archives du Muséum, tom. i.) 1841. Description of new Crustacea in the same collection (Serolis, &c.), (with M. Edwards). (In ditto, tom. ii.) M. Audouin also contributed a great number of verbal notices, especially relative to destructive insects, to the Entomological Society of France, of which abstracts are published in the Bulletin of Proceedings of that Society. He also published a great number of Entomological articles in the Encyclopédie Méthodique, the Dictionnaire Classique d’Histoire Naturelle ; and his name appears also as a contri- butor to the Dictionnaire Universel d’Hist. Nat. He likewise wrote the article Arachnida in the ‘Cyclopedia of Anatomy and Physiology’, and edited the Annu- lose portion of the beautiful edition of the Régne Animal, now publishing by Crochard. He also contributed many notes on the structure of insects to M. Brullé, for those volumes of the Histoire Naturelle des Insectes which have appeared. £ x ee; 25 ore * aS, 97 PUAl Hh OSX V: ON THE OPAQUE-WINGED SPECIES OF CICADA. —_—@— Havre in the description of the preceding plate shortly noticed the generic distribution of the family Cicadidee, I shall here confine myself to those species of Cicada which have the fore wings opaque and coloured, with the base more coriaceous. These species form the second section of the genus as proposed by Dr. Germar, in his Memoir in the second volume of Silbermann’s “ Revue Entomo- logique.’ * Dr. Burmeister comprises them in his sub-section 6, of his first division of the genus. The beautiful species of this group hitherto described are the following : all being natives of Asia, or the islands of the Indian Archipelago. Sprcues 1.—C. speciosa, Mlig. (Wied. Arch. 1, p. 1453 pl. 2. Fabricius. Westw. in Donov. Ins. Ind. 2d Edit. Lap. and Blanch. Hist. nat. ans. art.) Syn. C. Indica, Donoy. ins. Ind, Ist Edit. Sprecirs II.—C. fasciata, Fabr. Stoll. Cig. tab. 4, fig. 16. Sercies III.—C. maculata, Drury, vol. 2, App. pl. 37, fig. 1. Fabricius, &c. Species 1V.—C. thalassina, Perchéron, Gen. d. Ins. Hémipt. pl. 2. Guér. Voy. Coq. p. 183 Notr.—The figure above referred to gives but a faint idea of the beauty of this species, which is in the coliection of the Linnsan Society of London. Species V.—C. pulchella, Westw. in Royle’s Himalaya, pl. 10, fig. 2. [Nigra, capite thoraceque sulphureo-maculatis; alarum dimidio basali sulphureo (in alis anticis fascia nigricanti obliqua in medio diviso) apicibus flavescentibus. Expans. alar. unc. 3%. Himalaya. | Srecirs VI.—C. sanguinea, De Geer. Stoll. Cig. fig. 62. Donov. Ins. China, pl. 16, fig. I. Ist Edit. Westw. in ditto, 2nd Edit. Guérin, Voy. de la Favorite, (Mag. Zool. Ins. pl. 237, fig. 1). Syv. C. philemata, Fabricius, Germar, Burm. Species VII.—C. pe nguiolenta, Fabr, &c. (Fronte rufo, linea Jongitudinali nigra alisque posticis fuscis. ) Species VIII.—C. incarnata, Germar. Guérin. Syn. Cig. sanguinol. Brulle, Hist. Nat. Ins. t. x., pl. 5, fig. 2 Sprcmes IX.—C. Germarii, Guér. Mén. Voy. Favorite (Mag. Zool. Ins. pl. 237, fig. 2). Species X.—C. phenicura, Germar, in Silb. Rev. Ent. 2, p. 76. Guér. 1. ¢. * Dr. Germar had previously published an excellent Monograph of the genus, with descriptions of 106 species, in Thon’s Entomologisches Archiv. vol. 2. M. Guérin Méneville has also described numerous species in the text of the Voyage de la Coquille, and Voyage de Belanger. NO. VIL.—Ist MAY, 1842. H 98 OPAQUE-WINGED CICADA, Species XI.—C. testacea, Fabr. Stoll. Cig. pl. 8, fig. 31, Guer.1. c. Species XII.—C. trabeata, Germar, in Thon’s Arch. 2, fasc 2. Guér. 1. c. Species XIJI.—C. splendidula, Fabr., Germ., Guér., Donovan. Ins. China, pl. 16, fig. 4, (ex individuo Druriano delineata). Species XIV.—C. crocea, Guér. Voy. Favorite (Mag. Zool. Ins. pl. 237, fig. 3,and Voy. Coq. p. 182). yf s I am enabled to figure, in addition to the above, the two beautifu 1 nondescript species represented in the accompanying plate. Species XV.—C. Mearesiana, W. (Pl. 25, fig. 1.) Nigra, pronoti margine postico flavo ; mesothorace postice utrinque puncto oblongo ferrugineo ; metathorace fulvo marginato ; alis anticis nigro-fuscis venis nigris; posticis late testateis ; area anali margineque tenui apicali fuscis, venis nigris. Long. corp. unc. 12. Expans. alar. unc. 53. A unique specimen of this fine species (which should be placed between C. speciosa and fasciata) is in the collection of F. Parry, Esq. It is a native of the Himalayas, whence it was sent by —— Meares, Esq., with whose name it is inscribed. Species XVI.—C. dives, W. (Pl. 25, fig. 2.) Nigra, alis anticis nigris venis rubris, fascia media transversa albida, posticis testaceis, dimidio apicali nigro. Long. corp. lin. 12. Expans. aiar. une. 3. A unique specimen of this beautiful insect was sent from Sylhet, by the brother of the Rev. Mr. Stainforth, who allowed me to figure it for this work. It is now in the collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope. A translation of Anacreon’s ode to the Cicada, will form a pleasant supplement to the preceding technicalities. Happy creature! what below Can more happy live than thou? Seated on thy leafy throne, (Summer weaves thy verdant crown,) Thine the lavished voice of praise, Harbinger of fruitful days ; Darling of the tuneful nine, Phebus is thy sire divine ; Sipping o’er the pearly lawn Pheebus to thy notes has given The fragrant nectar of the dawn; Mirthful tales thou lov’st to sing, “* Every inch ’’ an insect king : Thine the treasures of the field, All thy own the seasons yield ; Nature plants for thee the year, Songster to the shepherds dear : Innocent, of placid fame, Who of men can boast the same ? Music from the spheres of heaven : Happy most, as first of earth ; All thy hours are peace and mirth; Cares nor pains to thee belong, Thou alone art ever young ; Thine the pure immortal vein, Blood nor flesh thy life sustain ; Rich in spirits—health thy feast ; Thouw’rt a demigod at least. The beautiful plant represented in the plate is the Dendrobium Pierardi (Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 21, pl. 175), of Roxburgh, a native of Chittagong, and various parts of the Delta of the Ganges, which has flowered beautifully in the Botanic Gardens at Kew this spring ; the flowers being, however, paler-coloured than represented in the figure. as a 99 je Bad bel OY DSB. ON EE MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS MASTAX, BELONGING TO THE FAMILY OF THE TRUE LOCUSTS. —_@—_— Tue insects of the genus Mastax, of Perty, illustrate a peculiarity in Entomo-geography, which does not appear to me to have been sufficiently noticed, namely, the occurrence of species belonging to aberrant and anomalous genera, in very distant localities, often indeed in different quarters, of the globe. The Mole-crickets offer a striking instance of this peculiarity. The genus is very anoma- lous in many of its characters, yet we find species mn each of the five continents (including New Holland). The two species of Mastax hitherto described (from unique individuals), are natives of the New World, whilst the three additional ones represented in the accompanying plate, are natives of the Islands of the Indian Archipelago. The genus (in addition to the great rarity of the species) is especially interesting on account of various structural peculiarities. The fore wings are in some species quite hyaline and almost colour- less, which gives the insects an appearance quite unlike the rest of the family. The head is very much elevated above the level of the prothorax. The antennze are composed of very few joints; the three ocelli are placed between the eyes ; the palpi are very short ; the three sternums are simple, the hind-legs long, the tarsi 3- jointed, with a moderate sized pulvillus between the ungues. The anal appendages in M. mutilata are described by Serville as ‘courts et droits,” but in the males of M. apicalis and M. guttata they are dilated and contorted in a singular manner quite unlike any of the rest of the family. As to the natural relations of the genus, Burmeister (who how- ever had not seen it in nature) places it between Gomphocerus and Ommexecha, whilst Serville (who had two species before him) introduces it (with several other curious genera) between Gom- phocerus and Tetrix. It appears to me, however, much more closely allied to Proseopia of Klug, with which it agrees in the elevated head and short few-jointed antenne. H 2 100 MAST AX. Species I.— Mastax virescens, Perty (Del. An. Art. Bras. t. 24, f. 3. Serville H. n. Ins. Orth. p. 751. Burm. Handb, d. Ent. 2, p. 653). Virescens, seu fuscus, facie et pedibus testaceis, elytris et alis diaphanis. Long. fere 10 lin. (teste Serv.) Brazil. Specirs I1.—Mastaxr mutilata, Serv. Ins. Orth. p. 75]. Levis glaber, brunneus, facie antice ochracea, prothoracis lateribus fulvis, tegminibus fere, alisque omnino, obsoletis, abdo- minis segmentis 6 et 7 fulvis, ¢. Long. lin. 5 (teste Serv.). Colombia. Species I1].—Mastax apicalis, Westw.{ (Plate 26, fig. 1). Liuteus, capite supra, thoracis et abdominis dorso nigricantibus, hoc fascia pone medium apiceque extremo luteis, pedibus luteis nigro-maculatis, tegminibus et alis hyalinis ad apicem tenuiter fusco coloratis ¢. (Plate 26, fig. 1 a, head seen in front; 1 4, extremity of abdomen seen from the side; lc, the same seen from below ; 1 d, natural length.) Long. corp. unc. $. Expans. tegmin. unc. 15. Sumatra; Sir S. Raffles. Mus. Zool. Soc. London. Species 1V.—Mastazx vitrea, Westw. (Plate 26, fig. 2). Fuscus, facie fulvescente, abdomine in medio pallidiori, pedibus fuscis, femoribus posticis pallidius fasciatis ; tegminibus et alis hyalinis parum infumatis. 2 Plate 26, fig. 2 a, apex of abdomen seen sideways ; 2 6, natural length. Long. corp. unc. 1. Expans. tegmin. unc. 13. Java, Mus. Hope. Srecies V.—Mastax guttata, Westw. (Plate 26, fig. 3.) Nigricans, subtus paullo pallidior facie genisque luteis, vertice angulato, abdomine ¢ ad apicem valde inflato ; femoribus posticis fulvo oblique bifasciatis, tegminibus fuscis nitidis, guttis duabus versus apicem hyalinis, postica majori et ad marginem posticum extensa; alis hyalinis margine postico fusco. ¢ Plate 26, fig. 3 a, natural size; 3 6, antenna; 3c, head and prothorax seen sideways ; 3 d, head seen in front ; 3 €, apex of abdomen seen from beneath; 3 f, ditto seen laterally. Long. corp. lin. 7. Expans. tegm. lin, 143. Sumatra, Sir S, Raffles, Mus. Zool. Soc. Lond. ; and Philippine Islands, H. Cuming, Esq. Mus. Brit. The curious plant figured is the Stapelia adscendens of Roxburgh: Plants of Coromandel, vol, i. pl. 30. * ; we miei Ditka on 101 PLATE XXVII. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW INDIAN SPECIES OF PAPILIO. Tue Papilio Paris of Linnzeus may be considered as the type of a small group of Asiatic species of Papilio, distinguished by having the upper surface of the wings thickly irrorated with golden green atoms, the hind wings being marked by a large patch of shining blue or green near the outer angle. The species of this little section form portion of Boisduval’s ‘‘ Groupe IV.” which also includes P. Ulysses, P. Peranthus, and P. Palinurus and its allies. P. Paris, Arjuna, and Polyctor, belong to the little group first mentioned, as well as several other species of equal rank which I have seen in the collections of the East India House, British Museum, &c. These species appear to be respectively confined to distinet districts, and in the opimion of some authors may be deemed geographical sub-species—a name involving considerations of great difficulty. The species represented in the accompanying plate is certainly the most splendid of all these butterflies. It is indeed absolutely impossible to give a correct idea, by colouring, of the beauty of its hues, and especially of the varying lustre of the blue patch on the hind wings ; some of the blood-red lunules have a beautiful purplish tinge, produced by blue atoms scattered over them, whilst others are powdered with the golden-green spangles; in fact, the only correct idea of the species can be obtained by calling to mind the showers of coloured fire on a Vauxhall night. PAPILIO ARCTURUS, W., Pl. 27. P. alis nigris, viridi-atomosis ; posticis obtuse dentatis et late caudatis ; anticis striga interrupta macularum ex atomis viridibus formata, ex angulo postico ad partem dimidiam alarum ductaé et cum margine subparallelA; posticis supra, plaga magnitudine mediocri, versus angulum externum lete ceruled strigaque ejusdem coloris ex ejusapicem ad marginem alarum extensa, lunulis tribus sanguineis, maculaque ocellari (medio nigro) et linea trans- versa sanguineis ad angulum analem, illa cum striga curvata viridi-atomosa coronata ; alis subtus nigricantibus basi albido atomosis, anticis striga lata subapicali cinerea, venis lineis- que intermediis nigris; posticis lunulis 5 rubro-fulvis (czruleo pulverosis) maculisque duabus magnis rubro-fulvis (medio nigris et lunula supera cerulea ornatis) ad angulum analem. Expans. alar. antic. unc. 5. {nhabits the Himalayan mountains, Sylhet, and the adjacent parts of India. Mus. Parry, Hope, Brit. &e. 102 PAPILIO. The plant represented in the plate is Vanda teres (Lindl. Bot. Reg. vol. 2], pl. 1809), one of the most beautiful Orchidaccous plants hitherto found in India, having been originally discovered in Sylhet by Dr. Wallich, and subsequently found in the Burmese Empire, by Mr. W. Griffith. PAPILIO. Ah sim Papilio natus in flosculo, Rose ubi liliaque et viole patent ; Floribus advolans, avolans, osculo Gemmulas tangens, que suave olent ! Regna et opes ego neutiquam postulo, Nolo ego ad pedes qui se volutent — Ah sim Papilio natus in flosculo, Osculans gemmas que suave olent! Magicam si possem virgam furari, Alas has pulchras aptem mi, eheu ! /Mstivis actis diebus in aére, Rosa cubant Philomele cantu. Opes quid afferunt Curas, somnum rare ; Regna nil preter erumnas, eheu! Ah sim Papilio, die volans aére, Rosa cubans Philomel cantu. Quemque horum vagulum dicis horrore Frigora Autumni ferire suo ; Estas quando abiit, mallem ego mori, Omni quod dulce est cadente pulchro. Brume qui cupiunt captent labore Gaudia, et moras breves trahunto— Ah sim Papilio; vivam in errore Concidamque omni cadente pulchro. The preceding singular and beautiful specimen of rhyming Latin verse, from the pen of a highly distinguished scholar and dignitary of the Church of England (understood to be Archdeacon Wrang- ham), appeared in the Atheneeum of July 16th, 1828, at the time when the pretty song ‘‘ ’'d be a Butterfly ” was so much in fashion. VS Co - 103 PLATE XXVIII. DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW SPECIES OF CETONIIDA, FROM AUSTRALIA, ASIA, AND THE ASIATIC ISLANDS. Genus SCHIZORHINA, Kirby (Linn. Trans. vol. 14, p. 570). This genus is arranged by Mr. MacLeay as the head of the group which he names Cetoninus, and is regarded as approximating to Lomaptera, especially by means of Sch. Brownii, K, which pre- sents vestiges of the lobate thorax of that genus. The following are Mr. MacLeay’s divisions of the genus. A. Elytra broader at the base. 1. Brunonie, M‘L. Mesosternum produced, narrow, flat; elytra spinose at the apex. Type, S. Brownii, K. 2. Phillipsie, M‘L. Mesosternum broad, flat, lanciform ; elytra with subsinuated sides and spinose at apex. ‘Type S. Phillipsii, Schreibers. B. Elytra not broader at the base. 3. Integre, M‘L. Mesosternum short, flat ; clypeus rather entire ; elytra with sinuated sides, and no spines at apex. Type, S. frontalis, Don. 4. Gymnopleuve, M‘L. Mesosternum produced, flat; clypeus emarginate ; elytra with sinuated sides, and no spines at the apex. Type, 8S. punctata, Don. 5, Insulares, M‘L. Mesosternum produced, narrow, cylindrical ; clypeus emarginate ; elytra spinous at apex, and with parallel sides. Type, S. cyanea, Oliv. The last section receives its name Insulares, because the species ‘are in general natives of Madagascar, or of the islands adjacent to New Holland.” The typical species is, however, a native of tropical Western Africa*. ‘The species of which this last section is composed in their peculiar colours, and various other particulars, ‘show us how we may pass to” the genus Coryphe, M‘L. ; Gnathocera, G. and P. Schizorhina obliquata, W. (Plate 28, fig. 1.)—Supra Jwte aurantia, pronoto maculis duabus lateralibus alterisque duabus magnis obliquis irregularibus, in medio connexis, nigris; elytris sutura, humeris, maculis duabus parvis ad basin suture, fascia obliqua poue medium singuli maculaque sub-apicali nigris vel piceo-nigris, podice flavo, medio castaneo, punctis 4 nigris ; corpore subtus antennis pedibusque rufo-brunneis, mesosterno abdomineque in medio flavo. Obs. Mesosternum (fig. 1 a, 1 6,) vix. porrectum, fere rotundatum 9. Long. corp. lin. 7. Inhabits New Holland. In the collection of the Rey. F. W. Hope. Note. This species is most nearly related to Sch. punctata, but differs from it in the form of the prothorax, of which the hinder angles are rounded off, the more exposed epimera, the less sinuated elytra, differently-formed mesosternum, &c. Schizorhina Bestii, Parry, MSS. (Plate 28, fig. 2.)—Nigra, capite punctis 3 minutis fulvis, medio bilobo, prothorace marginibus Jateralibus et antico flavis, maculis duabus nigris, elytris viridanis sutura margineque tenui, macula triangulari humerali, macula quadrata discoidaliy fasciaque lata subapicali nigris ; pygidio nigro maculis duabus flavis, abdomine infra guttis fulvis mediis duplici serie ordinatis punctisque latevalibus flavis. 9. Obs. Mesosternum paullo porrectum latum (fig. 2 6, 2 ¢,) fig. 2 a, maxilla. Long. corp. lin. 12. Inhabits Norfolk Island. Captain Best, Mus. D. Parry. Allied to Sch. frontalis. * See p. 71, note f, as to the true locality of the species. 104 CETONIID. Genus MACRONOTA, Wiedemann. This genus is at once distinguished by the posteriorly lobed prothorax, which does not however conceal the scutellum, which is the case both in Lomaptera and Gymnetis. The suture of the elytra and the centre of the prothorax are also generally deeply impressed, and the clypeus is commonly deeply emarginate. There is considerable diversity in the different species still retained in the genus; thus the males in M. smaragdina have curved anterior tibia externally destitute of teeth, and in this species the meso- sternum is very much porrected and curved upwards at the tip. In M. 3-suleata, De. H., closelyallied to M. Diardi, the mesosternum is very thick and not much porrected. M. egregia has the meso- sternum still less porrected, and the fore tibize of the males straight and externally 3-dentate. M. calcarata, Klug, (G. Doryscelis, Dej.) has also the fore tibize in both sexes 3-dentate. Miucronota Mearesii, Parry, MSS. (Plate 28, fig. 3.)—Nigro-enea, nitida, elytris nigris, capite parum emarginato, vertice utrinque macula sericea, prothorace in medio valde sulcato, lateribus plagaque magna mediana punctata scutelloque sericeis ; elytris maculis 10, (duabus in medio elyirorum versus suturam majoribus et striatis) sericeis, sericie albido-virescenti, corpore subtus maculis lateralibus albido-virescentibus, antennarum capitulo fusco, podice fulvo-hirto. 9 Obs. Mesosternum parum porrectum latissimum (figs. 8 @, 34). Long. corp. lin. 93. Received by F. Parry, Esq. in a collectjon formed by —— Meares, Esq., near Darjeeling, an invalid station in the Himalayan mountains, near the Nepaul frontier, about 50 miles from Dhawalagiri, the highest mountain in the world. Itis very closely allied to the Macronata dives, G. and P. Mon. Cet. p. 314, pl. 61, fig. 6, which is from the coast of Malabar and which seems to be identical with the Coilodera penicillata, Hope’s Synops. Nep. Col. (Zool. Misc. p. 25.) Macronota Rafflesiana, W. (Plate 28, fig. 4.)—Nigra opaca, capite parum emarginato, prothorace elytris multo angustiori subhexagono haud sulcato, linea tenui albida cum margine antico et lateribus parallela angulos posticos haud attingente ; elytris basi latis postice attennatis, ad suturam vix sulcatis; nigris basi maculaque media in singulo rufis, linea tenui albida ad marginem scutelli, duabus transversis mediis alterisque duabus subapicalibus punctisque nonnullis (magnitudine variis) lateralibus albidis; segmentis abdominis (supra visis) albido marginatis, corpore subtus albido nigroque vario. 2 Long. corp. lin. 83. 5 lat. humer. lin. 43. Inhabits Sumatra; SirS. Raffles. In Mus. Soc. Zool. London. Nearly allied to M. Malabariensis, Gory and Perch, Mon. Cet. p. 320, pl. 63, fig. 3, which is described as a native of Ceylon. Macronota tristis, Horsfield, MSS. (Plate 28, fig. 5.)— Nigro-virescens nitidissima, clypeo parum emarginato, antice sulcato punctato, palpis longis, (5 a, maxilla) prothorace angusto, lateribus deflexis et punctatis, margine antico in medio valde elevato, dorso vix sulcato ; elytris ad basin prothorace fere duplo latioribus, sutura valde sulcata humeris elevatis, Jateribus rugose punctulatis, singulo in medio spatio circulari parum impresso oblique striolato, podice striolato, pedibus longioribus, coxis posticis valde promiuentibus ; corpore subtus concolore lateribus striato-punctulatis; mesosterno brevi rotundato ; (figs. 5 6, 5 ¢;) unguibus onychiis distinctis (fig. 5, d). Long. corp. fere lin. 15. Q. Inhabits Java. In the collection of the East India House, formed by Dr. Horsfield, to whom I am indebted for an opportunity of describing this fine and singular species. Macronota vitligera, Hope (Proc. Ent. Soc. July 1841). (Plate 28, fig. 6.)—Nigra nitida, clypeo valde emarginato, linea aurantia media e margine antico per prothoracem et scutellum ducta, prothorace vix suleato, postice fere elytrorum latitudine, aurantio marginato ; elytris versus suturam profunde impressis nigris lineato-punctatis, singulo vitta aurantia parum curvata, e basi fere ad apicem extensa, corpore subtus nigro nitido lateribus aurantio maculatis, podice maculis duabus magnis aurantiis; pedibus brevi- bus, dentibus tibiarum anticarum brevibus, mesosterno longo porrecto apice acuto (figs. 6 d, 6 e,—6 a mandible, 6 6 maxilla, 6 ¢ mentum). Long. corp. lin. 134. 9. Inhabits the Mysore district of India. In the collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope. This species makes a very near approach to the genus Lomaptera in several respects, especially the deeply emarginate clypeus, porrected mesosternum, &c, 105 ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE, &c. (No. VIL.) HARMONIES OF NATURE EXISTING BETWEEN PLANTS AND INSECTS.— In reference to the circumstances stated im a preceding number, from which it has been inferred that silk is a modification of caoutchouce, it is mentioned in the “Botanist ” (vol. i. No. 69) that ‘“‘a species of Scorzonera, which belongs to the natural order of plants Cichoracese, has been found a good substitute for the mulberry leaf in France. We have also been informed that a eaterpillar which forms a very large cocoon and spins a tough but coarse kind of silk, feeds on the leaves of the South American caoutchoue tree, Siphonia elastica. Led away by the apparent simplicity of an artificial arrangement of plants, botanists neglected the strong proofs furnished by the instinctive propensities of the whole animal kingdom, that plants which agree in structure gene- rally possess similar propensities. It was long known that certain animals fed on particular plants, and both during the last century and the present this fact has been adduced as an evidence of the paternal care of the Creator in providing food for all his creatures, so that each should have its allotted portion ; but it is available also to show the correctness of botanical analogies. In this way has Decandolle applied it in his “‘ Essai sur les propriétés medicales des plantes,” from which a few examples may be quoted. The Cynips Rosee and Cynips Salicis, the Cionus Scrophularize and Hypera Rumicis, feed upon several, sometimes all the species of the genera of plants, from which they derive their specific names; but upon no species belonging to any other tribe of plants; and indeed the fact of the Cionus Scrophularize feeding on species of Verbascum may be allowed to decide the point of the genus Verbascum belong- ing to the Scrophulariaceee, and not to the Solanaceze, as some think it does.*The Meloe vesicatoria (Spanish blistering-fly) gives the preference to the ash, then to the lilac, or privet, and last to the olive, all members of the tribe Oleacesze. The insect is never found on any plant of the Jasminacez, though it is not uncommon on willows, from which it is remarkable that manna may be obtained, as well as from the Ornus Europzea, or flowering ash. ‘The Pontia Brassice, or cabbage butterfly, feeds only on cruciferous plants, with the solitary exception of the Tropzeolum majus, or Indian 106 ARCANA ENTOMOLOGICA. cress, the similarity existing between which and some cruciferous plants has procured for it the name of the Nasturtium; while the Tinea flavella of Reaumur, the natural food of which is the Astra- galus glycyphyllus, in the absence of that, whatever variety may be presented to it, will feed only on some other leguminous plant.” Shortly previous to the publication of these observations I had made some remarks m Mr. Loudon’s Arboretum Britannicum, under the genus Quercus (p. 1815) nearly to the same effect. In making out the lists of the species of insects which attack our chief forest trees, I had noticed that although many are exclusively con- fined either to the oak, beech, birch, or hazel, yet many species feed indiscriminately upon any of these trees; some species of a genus would also be found to inhabit one of these kind of trees, and other species one or more of the other kinds; “thus clearly proving not only the very natural character of the order Amentaceze, but also the equally natural distribution of the insects themselves into genera consisting of species, all of which are either generally amen- taceous in their food, or are confined to the oak or the birch alone.” I am happy to find these observations confirmed and explained, believing as I do that the views here suggested are capable of a far wider extension than has yet been given to them. INsEcTs OBSERVED AT SEA (see ante, p. 64).—‘‘ On another occasion, when seventeen miles off Cape Corrientes, I had a net overboard to catch pelagic animals. Upon drawing it up, to mysurprise, I found a considerable number of beetles in it, and although in the open sea, they did not appear much injured by the salt water. I lost some of the specimens, but those which I preserved belonged to the genera Colymbetes, Hydroporus, Hydrobius (two species), Notaphus, Synuchus, Adimonia, and Scarabzeus. At first, I thought that these insects had been blown from the shore; but on reflecting that out of the eight species, four were aquatic, and two others partly so in their habits, it appeared to me most probable that they were floated into the sea by a small stream which drains a lake wear Cape Cor- rientes. On any supposition, it is an interesting circumstance to find insects, quite alive, swimming in the open ocean, seventeen miles from the nearest point of land. There are several accounts of insects having been blown off the Patagonian shore. Captain Cook observed it, as did more lately Captain King, in the Adven- ture. The cause probably is due to the want of shelter, both of trees and hills, so that an inseet on the wing, with an off-shore ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE, ETC. 107 breeze, would be very apt to be blown out to sea. The most remarkable instance I ever knew of an insect being caught far from the land, was that of a large grasshopper (Acrydium), which flew on board, when the Beagle was to windward of the Cape de Verd Islands, and when the nearest point of land, not directly opposed to the trade wind, was Cape Blanco, on the west of Africa, 370 miles distant.* ”—(Darwin’s Journal, pp. 185, 186.) Paprmio Peraus (Plate 16, fig. 1, 2).—Figures of this species, doubtless derived from Drury’s specimen described by Fabricius, are contained in Jones’s Series of Drawings (vol. 1, pl. 32), so often referred to by that author. They agree with my figures except that the upper surface of the wings is darker (blacker) in Jones’s drawings—the evident result of his figure hav- ing been made from a recent specimen and mine from an old one. The minute anterior whitish, transverse striga near the extremity of the abdomen in the anal area of the hind wings, is also not represented in Jones’s drawing. It is not improbable that Mr. Doubleday’s specimen, from which my figures were drawn, may be the original insect described by Fabricius, from Drury’s specimen, which was, I believe, purchased at the sale of his collection by the late Mr. Haworth. Creronta Iris, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. 2,144. Oliv. 1, 6, tab. 8, f. 77.—Deceived by the locality of Surinam given by Fabricius to this species (the typical specimen of which is still contained in the Banksian Collection at the Linnean Society), and knowing that no Gnathocerz of Gory and Perchéron (Coryphe, Mach.), nor indeed any insect closely allied thereto, inhabit the New World, I did not think of comparing the Gnathocera amabilis, Bainb. (‘T'mesor- rhina a. Westw. ante, p. 71), with the Banksian insect. My friend Burmeister having however suggested to me, by letter, the possi- bility that the two supposed species were identical, I have compared them together, and find that Mr. Hope’s specimen differs only from the Banksian one in such characters as are sexual, the latter being a female with tridentate anterior tibize. The name Iris, Fab., must, therefore, be substituted for that of amabilis, Bainbr. Dr. Schaum has united Iris with Schizorhina cyanea, G. and P.; Sch. Swartzii, * The flies which frequently accompany a ship for some days on its passage from harbour to harbour, wandering from the vessel, are soon lost, and all disappear. 108 ARCANA ENTOMOLOGICA. Schaum (C. punctata, Schonh nee Donoy.), and Sch. Thoreyi Schaum (n. sp.), into a small group distinguished by their tropical African habitat, and the elongated form of their bodies ; the tibize of the males being bidentate, and those of the females tridentate. There is, however, considerable difference between the form of the clypeus, mesosternum, and fore tibize of the males of Iris and cyanea; the apex of the suture of the elytra in the latter species is also bispinose, whilst it is rounded off in the former. Tmesorruina simitiima (pl. 19, fig. 4, p. 72).—In addition to the structural differences noticed in the description and figure above referred to, it should be added that the mesosternum instead of terminating in a short rounded process (as in Tm. Iris and concolor, pl. 19, fig. 3 e), is long, acute, and slightly bent upwards at the tip. It must be left for a more detailed revision of the entire group to determine whether this character (which has just been stated to differ also in Sch. cyanea) will render it necessary to remove Tm. simillima from the other two species. ANALEcTA EnTomotoeica, Dissertatio inauguralis, auctore Dr. Herm. Rud. Schaum, cum tab. znea. Halis, Sax. 1841, pp. 49. In a former page I have dwelt upon and lamented the wide distine- tion which exists between our own and Continental nations in regard to the patronage offered by their respective governments to works of natural history. The little work at the head of this article offers another equally striking proofoftheadvantagesenjoyed by Continental naturalists far exceeding those which English students possess. Na- tural history being one of the branches of education taught in all the Germanburgher schools, gymnasiums, and universities—there being a professor of zoology ineach of the latter—it follows that whenever a student manifests a decided predilection for any particular branch of the subject, his professor encourages him in it, and under his good directions the tyro launches forth his ‘‘ dissertatio mauguralis,”—in a style as far superior to the feeble efforts of English debutants as can well be conceived. The inaugural dissertation of Goldfuss on the Coleoptera of the Cape of Good Hope, that of Burmeister ‘‘ De isectorum systemate naturali,” that by Erichson on the Dyticide, that of Schmidt on the Pselaphide, that of Runde on the Brach- clytra, and Dr. Schaum’s dissertation, amply confirm the truth of these remarks ; allof them being works of talent, which will cause them to be always cited, and which, it is needless to suggest, have ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE, ETC. 109 evidently been prepared under the presiding direction of the pro- fessor of the university where these authors studied. The little work which has given rise to these observations consists of four excellent treatises. The first is a monograph of the genus Scydmeenus, in which we find due justice done to the writings of Kunze, Stephens, Erichson, Sturm, &e., and numerous new species added—forty-six species are described, including a number from North America, West India, East India, Madagascar, Brazil, Columbia, and also including two species of the little group which Waterhouse has named Eutheia. The second paper contains some observations on the characters of the Cremastochilides—amongst which we find it stated that the mesosternum is never porrected in this group, but that when there is a sternal process it consists of the porrected metasternum. The third treatise contains a great number of critical remarks on the nomenclature of the Cetoniidee. The fourth comprises descriptions of ten new species of Cetoniide —namely, Dicranorhina [ Eudicella, White] Nireus, from Guinea ; Gnathocera trivittata, from Caffraria; Schizorhina Thoreyi, from Guinea ; Cetonia spectabilis, from Java; Cetonia Stahelini, from Abyssinia ; Cetonia iridescens, from Guatemala ; Cetonia vulnerata, from Java; Cetonia thoracica, from Arabia; Ischnostoma Raeu- peri, from Caffraria ; and Gymnetis atropurpurea, from Brazil. SpecIES ET ICONOGRAPHIE GENERIQUE DES ANIMAUX ARTICULES. Par M. F. E. Guérin Méneville. By a letter recently received from M. Guérin Méneville, I learn that the commencement of this useful work has been delayed in consequence of the great exertions which have been required for the completion of the text of the;“‘ fconographie du Regne Animal,” and the “ Traité élémentaire d’Histoire Naturelle.” It is now many months since M. Guérin kindly sent me a considerable portion of the text of the Insect portion of the Iconographie, and if the whole is executed on the same plan as the sheets before me, the text will be as full of new matter as the plates of that excellent work. The genera intended to be described in the early numbers of the “Species et Iconographie Générique,” are Rhipicera, Cebrio, San- dalus, Atopa, Cladon, Ptilodactyla, Epicyrtus, Eurypalpus [not in Dejean’s catalogue], Cyphon, Kubria, Seyrtes, Nycteus, Atela Phengodes, Amydetes, Rabdota, Nyctocharis, Dadophora, Selas, 110 ARCANA ENTOMOLOGICA. Auge, Actenista, Nematophora, Lychnuris, and Spenthera. The genera Lycus, Lygistopterus, Charactus, Dyctiopterus, Kurycerus, and Omalisus, will be described by the Marquis de Bréme. Sate or M. Aupoutn’s trprary.—I have just received the cata- logue of the library of M. V. Audouin, which will be sold by auction, at Paris, on 10th to the 25th of May. The catalogue itself forms a volume of 176 pages, and forms a most valuable addition to entomological bibliography. The works are arranged systematic- ally instead of alphabetically, and certainly constitute a far more complete entomological library than has ever before been offered for sale. This may be easily conceived when it is mentioned that there are not fewer than seventy-four separate treatises on the honey-bee, and more than one hundred and fifty on the silkworm and silk culture. In addition to the works strictly on entomology and general comparative anatomy and physiology, there are numerous works on the other classes of animals. Copies of the catalogue may be seen at the Linnean, Zoological, and Entomological Societies. Insects or Cenrrat Ivyp1a.—I have been favoured by Lieutenant Colonel Hearsey, a gentleman who for more than thirty years has been stationed in the very centre of India (Saugor), with a sight of his very extensive and valuable collection of insects formed in that part of our Eastern territories. The collection is especially rich in Sphingidee and nocturnal Lepidoptera—vast numbers of which were reared from the caterpillar state. The species of the modern genus Papilio are but few in number and well known. P. Hector (extremely rare), Pammon, Polytes: respecting the specific identity of the two last-mentioned insects, Colonel H. partially confirms the statement of Boisduval, having observed one chasing the other con amore. Iwas surprised not to find a single species of Lucanus, nor Fulgora, in the.collection ; which, however, includes a new species of Paussus, and of Diopsis, a very minute species of Apotomus, speeimens of both sexes of the interesting Hymenopterous genus Trirogma, a number of very English-looking Harpalidze, various Bolboceri and Athyrei, as well as most of the species described and figured by Mr. Saunders, in the Transactions of the Entomological Society (vol. ii. part 1, plate 5) ; Colonel Hearsey having commu- nicated them to Mr. Prinsep, from whom Mr. Saunders received them. ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE, ETC, 111 Hyeroceruatus Armatus (Plate 10).—In my observations on this curious genus (p. 39), it was mentioned that M. Guerin Méneville entertained the same opinion as Professor Burmeister relative to the natural relations of this anomalous genus. The views of M. Guérin have appeared in the “ Revue Zoologique,” 1841, p. 217 ; and it is curious to perceive that many of the points of relation suggested by him are identical with those noticed in my article on the genus ; he likewise mentions a new genus, Anoploderma, from the Andes of Peru, (described by him in the Rev. Zool. 1840, p- 276,) which, like Hypocephalus, possesses short and robust tibize, dilated at the tips and armed with spines and teeth, and adds, that the person from whom M. Mare received his specimens of Hypocephalus found two individuals in the earth, or decayed wood, at the foot ofa deep slit in the trunk of a tree. Since the publication of my memoir on this genus, I have received communications from several entomologists, some of whom, whose opinions will be read with respect, differ from the views above de- tailed: thus the Marquis Maximilian Spinola, in a letter dated Genoa, lith February, 1842, writes to me, ‘‘ Your drawing of the Hypoce- phalus has changed my previous opinions on that anomalous genus. I cannot, however, resolve on admitting it among the Prioniti; and I have stated my doubts on the subject im my memoir on the Prioniti, which I have transmitted to the Academy of Sciences of Turin, and which will be inserted in the third volume of the Trans- actions of that Academy. I think all the inconvenience arises from laying it down as a necessity that every insect must be placed in a determinate family; but if the family has no circumscribed characters, we should call it a ‘ Familioides,’ and not a Family, and if it has any, the insect deprived of those characters, must stay at the door, but out of the family. If no other door is opened, it will remain without a family—and no matter for that, since Nature would have it so. Let it remain alone, until Nature, and not the love of system, grant it good company.” Mr. Newman also, in a letter to me, has adopted the opinion which I expressed in my ‘““ Modern Classification of Insects,” v. i., p. 150; observing, that ‘‘ Hypocephalus is not a Longicorn, unless the term extends to the Cucujites, to which it properly belongs; this group intervenes between Cerambyx and Lucanus.” [Thus taking up the relation of the Cucujide pointed out by me in the Zoological Journal. ] Spondylus appears to me to be related to Callidium, Prionus and Leptura.” [By which relations it would, as it appears to me, be 112 ARCANA ENTOMOLOGICA. unnaturally separated from Hypocephalus.| Mr. Newman has subsequently published a proposed distribution of the Coleoptera into four, or rather seven, stirpes; one, Coleoptera Macrocera, composed of four divisions; Cerambycites, an entire group; Curcu- lionites, Criocerites, and Cucujites, each of the last three being stated to be composed of two sub-groups ; making seven in all. The Cucujites being composed of Trogosita, Passandra, Cucujus, Paleestes, Brontes, Parandra, Hypocephalus, Rhysodes and Cupes, and leading to Trictenotoma, Lucanus, and Passalus, among the Coleo- ptera Schismatocera (Lamellicornes, Latr.). Entomologist, p. 244. CotosorHea teucospiLora (Plate 15, fig. 2)—Mr. Newman (who has been long engaged upon the investigation of the Longicorn beetles, and who has undertaken the description of the species of that group, brought from the Philippe Islands by Mr. H. Cuming, and now in the collection of the British Museum), has sug- gested to me that the name of this species cannot be maintained, there being already an insect of the genus with the same name, [ See Lap. Hist. Nat. Col. 2, p. 459, C. leucospila,] I, therefore, propose to alter the name of the Philippine species to C. albo-notata. PLATES XXIX AND XXX. ON THE GOLIATHIDEOUS CETONIIDZ OF ASIA, Paezt I. On reviewing the characters of the primary groups into which the great family Cetoniide is divisible, we soon find that the extraordinary horns with which the heads of the male Goliathi are armed ought to receive only a secondary consideration in determin- ing the limits of groups; other characters being found of greater importance. Hence it is that, after removing the Trichiides (which have the sides of the elytra straight), the Cremastocheilides (including Macroma, as Dr. Burmeister * satisfactorily shows, and distinguished by the curved horny blade of the mandibles, and the naked or nearly naked upper lobe of the maxille), and the Gymnetides (which have the pronotum produced backwards, and more or less covering the scutellum, we find the remaining groups much more closely approximating together. The Ischnostomides and some of the Cetoniides are distinguished however bythe membranous lobe ef the maxillze, whilst the remainder of the Cetoniides do not exhibit any striking external sexual distinctions. The species which still remain to be noticed are distinguished, therefore, from all the preceding by the following characters : The sexes are distinguished by the variation in the form of the clypeus, or of the feet, the upper lobe of the maxillz is corneous, the horny part of the mandibles forms a straight blade, the scutellum is not covered by a produced lobe of the hind part of the pronotum, and the sides of the elytra are deeply sinuated near the base. The insects thus characterised constitute the groups which have been called Goliathus, Gnathocera, G. and P. (Coryphe, M‘L.), and Schizorhina, together with several others, which are more properly referable to them. These groups appear to me to constitute two sections. Ist. The Gottarnmeous Cetonup#, in which the clypeus is not emarginate in both sexes, and is often cornuted. 2nd. The Scuizoruinovs Cetonupz, in which the clypeus: is always deeply emarginate in both sexes, and is never cornuted. * Zeitschrift fiir die Entomologie, vol. 3, p. 275. (1841.) NO. VIII.—1st JULY, 1842. I ij¢ aASisvTee C2TONDD= I¢ is impossible on referring to the former of these two sections. eharacier of the section, but they are disimeuished by iwo characters which are not found m ihe majority of the group— namely. the promotum widest across the middle, and the upper lobe of the maxille dentated: they are. however. found m several eastern forms, with which our review will naturally eommenee. NARYCIUS, Dupsat (Gude Mag de Znclosic—Inxcexes, pl 123.) en ee oe eee oe ee N. opalus and N. olivaceus, both from Madras; but, as Se add ence 5 and 70 (note +), they are but the sexes of asingle species. for which the name of N. opalus should be retamed as bang thai of the male By the kindness of M. Dupont, durimg my recent visit to Paris, (May and Jume. 1842.) I have been emabled to study this most interesting species in detail The male *. of which an outline, copied from Guerim's * Magasm~ was given in my plate I, fig. 5, is distinguished by two long and very robust horns m front of eg ie The mandibles (Plate 33. fig. 1 a) have the horny blade sharp and angularly dilsied m the middle om the outside; the maxille (fig. 15 and 15) have the upper lobe short, and much eurved, with the apex 3-dentate, and the outside strongly hairy ; the mner lobe is produced at the tip mito an acute pomt, and the palpi are short; the mentum (fig. 1 c) is short and broad, much narrowed im front and deeply emarginate with the labial palpi very short. The pronotum is broadest across the middle. The meso- sternum (fig. 1 d, 1 ¢) is comical, aeute, and porrected; the anterior tibie (fig. 1 f)are rather broad, with one strong tooth on the onteide below the aeute apex; the ungues (fig. 1g) are furnished with 2 very short bisetose plantula, and the abdomen is channeled beneath. The female+ (Plate 33, fig. 1, copied from Guérin’s figure) is more robust than the male, with the head produced into two short horns —2 most smgular character; the maxillz are formed as in the male ; the fore tibie (fig. 1h) are externally furnished with three obtuse teeth; the middle and posterior tibie are much more strongly toothed than im the male; the abdomen is not channeled * Cooninus (Golizthns, Dieronsecgiclus, 5.) opclue, MacLeay. + Cetoniues (Corrphe, Naryeius, 5), csvaceus, Mac Leng. ,334°e CTT ra rather broader ai ihe base than m the mal im the side=. and moi the cemire. of ihe cypeus bere cormeted - the armaiure of the fore ubte mm the miles. the Gra ie= of the menium, mauik-, and promctum, and the cormmied bead of the female. Té is to the gemus Naryous, bet foomine 3 wheoom: deine from the iype. thai I refer a mew and beastfel migee mee which has beem communicated to me by thai asshizous eniomole gst G. H. K. Thwaiites. Esq. of Bristol. whilst this sheet & pass ine throuzh the pres (14th Jome. 1522). =m whieh acosemi the figures in illusiraiion of it will not appear until the follows mem ber is published. NABYCIUS =acems CYPHONOCEPHALDS. Waste. CSsRacISesS [i DSSS BCs ls FSIS TT Cexpes sublstem, cape: breve. Gamswersmm, Sug: Smee Cam, Ciaes Dame - deGiese, cagids testes im commen Gor clemgase GeeG& aghte CEES Gf SSre forest. peaduccs (plate SR fe. 2 2 @, cages seges_ 2 §, e Iese, 2 ¢ see ee) 5 ee mm civ wicleamtn 0 Macille (fc. 22) bbe me pi agacean St dersem arccom wrdece; lebe cee cease Sie Mew (fe 2¢) bum wae SEES, Ee were We sca Preeecem oem, ite Shes, meee amiee sepes capet retendita ames andics mcendacs: Inet pert uniiuem re ad amrcles pestioes paralicis = ely WEx promote Incas, wees: agiteae pereee eeeson, Pedes anc sebelenmc, Sts ineraStes, acs SRiS Weewerbes: TRG EE. emyebits GsGinecs (Ge. 24); Shite £ peice wade inexmes: sche perrectam (Gc. 2 7, 2 ¢) = ahdemen ae amo, In the more importani of these characiers the insect approaches the typical Naryeius, differing chiefiy im the form of the horns of the head and fore legs; whilst m the sub-elongaiedfore kegs and especially in the form of the horns of the head. it bears a nearer resemblance to Dicronocephalus; from which, however, the structure of the maxilke, mesosternum, and anterior tibke, and its beautiful emerald colour, remove it. NARYCIUS (CYPHONOCEPHALUS) SMARAGDULUS, Waser. (Pie 3S, fig. 2, and dems.) Letssme winds, cypee et cormabes capitis tersisqgee bronneis, feumertbes Shige: egalizis; sepra seb kate tenciime ponetatny panctique maajerthas Gsceatbas, STieqae pene gimibaqges SgeEccirem shdaniniem sends Lenz. com comp. (aboque cara cagit.) wae. 2. Tt ad basa elytr. Ee. 6. Inbabits he East Indies Ie the Mexam of the Bil Philosophical Institetion, presented by Cape. D. Rebers. MYCTERISTES, rsersz, Laporte. (PHILISTINA, MacZ.) Having figured and described the male of the only known species 12 116 ASIATIC CETONIIDS. of this genus, M. rhinophyllus (plate J, fig. 3, and details), it will here be necessary only to notice the peculiarities of the female (Plate 29, fig. 1), which I had not seen when the first plate of this work was published. The only specimen which I have seen is con- tained in Dr. Horsfield’s Javanese Collection at the Hast India House, and I have to return my thanks to that gentleman for an opportunity of examining and figuring it. Unfortunately the lower parts of the mouth have been removed by some previous observer, so that I cannot describe the mentum and labial palpi. The head is rather quadrate in front, with the angles slightly produced, the space between them being somewhat emarginate. The maxille (fig. 1 a) resemble those of the male, and have the upper lobe armed with four short teeth; the inner lobe is unarmed and rounded ; the pronotum is unarmed in front and not elevated ; the fore legs are much shorter than in the males, and externally 3-dentate, and the four hind tibiz are strongly spurred beyond the middle. The general colour is much more obscure than in the male, scarcely shining, and clothed with luteous setose scales. The female was first described by M. Buquet (Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1836, p. 203), from whom I have received a splendidly coloured male. MYCTERISTES. (Sus-G. PHEDIMUS.) Waterhouse. Both the sexes of the only known species, M. (P.) Cumingii, having been fully described and figured, with their details in the first plate of this work, it will be only necessary to notice, that in the elonga- tion of the fore legs of the male of this and the preceding species, and in the unporrected mesosternum, they lead to DICRONOCEPHALUS *, Hope. Like Narycius, the sides and not the centre of the clypeus are here cornuted, and like Mycteristes proper, the fore legs of the males are greatly elongated with the tibiz tridentate; the pronotum is broadest across the middle, but the terminal lobe of the maxillee is unarmed—affording the first approach to the following groups. The male only of the unique species composing this group is known, and is represented with its details in the first plate of this work (figure 4, 4a—4e). * This name was spelt Dicranocephalus in the Synopsis of General Hardwicke’s Nepalese Coleoptera 3 but in the Coleopterist’s Manual (p. 116) it is correctly written Dicronocephalus, —4 name given in allusion to the two sickle-like horns of the head, (Sis et Kpdroy. ) ASIATIC CETONIID 2. 117 In all the following groups we find the pronotum widest behind, or, at least, with the hind part not narrower than the middle, accompanied by the simple structure of the outer lobe of the maxille. JUMNOS, Saunders. This genus was proposed in the Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, (vol. i1., p. 176, pl. 16, fig. 1,) for the reception of a splendid male insect from the East Indies, Jumnos Ruckert, characterised by the following peculiarities: The head square in front, and not cornuted, with the lateral margins tuberculated ; the pronotum broad and very gibbous in front, the lateral margins beyond the middle nearly parallel; mesosternum porrected and oval ; the fore legs very long and externally bidentate, and with the internal margin deflexed and denticulated; the fore tarsi long, with a brush of hairs on the underside of the terminal joint at the tip. The female of a second species was described by the Rev. F. W. Hope, in Professor Royle’s work on the Botany, &c., of the Himalayas, under the name of Cetonia Roylii, (Insects, pl. 1, fig. 1,). I am indebted to A. Melly, Esq., for the male of ‘this species, which proves to be very closely allied to J. Ruckeri, as will be seen on comparing my plate 29, fig. 2, with Mr. Saunders’s figure. The head of the female, (fig. 2 a,) like that of the male, is unarmed, with the clypeus nearly truncate in front; the maxilla of the male (fig. 2d), has the inner lobe nearly simple, but in the female it is armed with a sharp hook (fig. 2 6); the mesosternum (fig. 2 e and 2f), is much less produced than in J. Ruckeri, and is much broader than long, with the front margin rounded. The fore legs of the male are moderately long, and both internally and externally toothed and serrated, as in J. Ruckeri, except that they want the brush of hairs on the underside of the last joint of the tarsi. The fore tibize of the female (pl. 29, fig. 2c), are also externally biden- tate, but they are simple on the inside. The four hind tibie are slightly spurred beyond the middle in the male, and strongly in the female, they are thickly clothed within with fulvous hairs. RHOMBORHINA, Hope (Col. Man. 1, p. 120 *). In the unarmed quadrate form of the clypeus of both sexes, and the bidentate tibize of the females, this genus approaches Jumnos, but * Mr. Macleay (Cet. So. Africa, p. 30), has ingeniously transposed Mr. Hope’s types of his two genera, giving Hardwickii as the type of Rhomborhina and Opalina as that of Trigonophora (as he misterms it). 118 ASLATIC CETONIID. the simple tibize of the males of these insects at once distinguish them from the last-mentioned group. The antennze do not materially differ in the sexes; the inner lobe of the maxille of the female of Rh. opalina (pl. 30, fig. 5 a), is armed with a strong horny hook, which is much less strong in the males (Rh. hyacinthina ¢, e. g.). The mentum is deeply cleft in front, its hind part being rather broader than the front (pl. 30, fig. 56). The club of the antennze does not vary in size in the opposite sexes, and the mesosternal pro- cess is generally porrected, broad, and blunt, but it differs in shape in the different species. The fore tibize of the females are bidentate ; the hind tibize in the same individuals are much more strongly spurred beyond the middle than in the males. The following are the species of this genus :— Species I.— Rhomborhina resplendens. Rh. ‘‘aureo-viridis nitidissima, versicolor, elytris subtilissime seriato-punctatis ; basi, limbo scutellari, sutura tarsisque nigro-violaceis.’’ Schis echon. Syn.—Cetonia resplendens, Swartz, in Sch. Syn. Ins. vol, i. part 3, app. p. 51, (1817.) Goliathus Heros, Latreille, Gory, and Perchéron, Mon. Cet. pl. 26, fig. 3. Obs.—The abdomen of the male is not longitudinally impressed beneath, and the fore tibize have a vestige of a tooth below the apex on the outside. Specizs I1.—Rhomborhina Mellii, Gory and Perchéron, Mon. Cet. pl. 26, fig. 4. Srecies LI1I.— Rhomborhina distincta, Hope, in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. vol. iii., p. 63. Obs. —This species was described from a specimen sent from Assam, which appears to me to be specifically identical with Rh. Mellii. Species 1V.—Rhomborhina opalina. Syn.—Cetonia opalina, Hope, in Syn. Nepal. Col. p. 24, Gory and Perchéron, Mon, Cet. pl. 26, fig. 5. (Goliathus op.) Obs.—The male is narrower than the female. The scutellum is sometimes only dark- coloured at the apex; the hairs of the four posterior tibiz and abdomen are fulvous, and the mesosternum is porrected and broad in front, almost as in Rh. hyacinthina (pl. 30, fig. 1 a). Captain Parry has received it both from Nepaul and the Himalayas. Species V.—Rhomborhina apicalis, Westw. (Plate 30, fig. 2.) Laete cupreo-fulva, elytris apice scabris et nigris, tibiis tarsisque nigris et nigro-setosis, thorace subtus nigro, abdomine- que cum femoribus eneo. Long. corp. lin, 15. Habitat in Nepalia, D. Hardwicke ; et Assam ? In Mus. Soc. Linn, Lond. et Soc. Merc. Ind. Orient. Obs.—The ciypeus is alike in both sexes—large and rounded in front. The sides of the pronotum and the disc of the elytra are finely punctured, some of the punctures on the latter forming irregular lines. The apex and sides of the abdominal segments are clothed with short black hairs. The fore tibia of the females are not so strongly spurred as in some of the species. There is an impression on each elytra beyond the middle; the mesosternum is very broad and rounded in front (fig. 2a@,26). The male has the abdomen broadly but very shallowly impressed. Srecies VI.—Rhomborhina Japonica. (Plate 30, fig. 4.) Hope, in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., vol. iii. p. 64. In Mus. D. Hope et Dupont. Obs.—The short broad form of this species together with its large-sized head distinguishes it from the rest of the genus. The hairs on the hind tibize and abdomen are short and fulvous. The scutellum is concolorous with the pronotum and elytra, the mesosternal process is of moderate size, nearly as long as broad, rounded, and slightly dilated in front (pl. 30, fig. 4@ and 4 4, the former figure, representing the apical portion, scarcely elongate enough). The fore tibize of the females are very broad and strongly bidentate. ASIATIC CETONIID#, 119 Srecies VII.—Khomborhina microcephala, Westw. (Plate 30, fig. 3.) Rh. brunneo- olivacea nitidissima, capite parvo, clypeo subquadrato, tibiis anticis 9 angustis mediocriter bidentatis ; pedibus cyaneo-nigris, nigro-setosis 9. Long. corp. lin. 13—14. Habitat in Montibus Himalayanis, D. Meares. In Mus. D. Parry. Obs.—This very robust species has a remarkably small head, and the fore tibie in the female are also very narrow, and but slightly bidentate. The upper side of the body is of a dark olivaceous brown colour inclining to a deep copper in certain lights ; the scutellum and suture of the elytra being concolorous, but their shoulders are marked with a dark pateh : the underside is of a dark zneous colour tinged with blue; the abdomen being blacker. The mesosternal process is narrow and not dilated in front, with the apex rounded (fig. 3 a@ and 3b). The hairs of the hind feet and abdomen are short and black. Srecres VIII.—Rhomborhina hyacinthina, (plate 30, fig. 1,) Hope, in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. vol. iii. p. 62 *. This very distinct species was received by Mr. Hope from Assam; Captain Parry has since received it from Sylhet; specimens are also contained in the fine collection recently received by the Ento- mological Society from Miss Sealy, forwarded by Mr. M‘Clelland. The latter specimens are entirely jet black, except the feet, but Mr. Parry’s have the front and hind parts of the body slightly tinged with green and blue above, and more particularly beneath. They do not, however, appear to me to be specifically distinct. The hairs on the hind tibize and abdomen are short and black. The meso- sternal process (fig. 1 a, 1 },) is large and transverse, the sides being rather more angulated in the middle than in fig. 1 a. The female has the fore legs broad and acutely bidentate, and the hind tibize acutely spurred beyond the middle, the spurs being, however, small; in the male, (as in the rest of the genus in this sex,) they are almost obliterated. The abdomen of the male is not longitudi- nally impressed beneath. Species IX.—Rhomborhina clypeata, Dupont’s MSS. (Plate 33, fig. 3.) Rh. viridis punctulatus, thoracis Jateribus elytrorumque disco postice magis auratis, clypeo magno, antice subtruncato, mesosterno fere circulari basi truncato, pedibus posticis fulvo-setosis. Long. corp. lin. 124. Habitat in Japonia. Mus. Dupont et Buquet, Parisiis. This is the smallest species of the genus, and is distinguished by its comparatively large quadrate clypeus with the front angles rounded off, and its short elytra; the dise of the head and sides of the pronotum are very finely granuloso-punctate ; the fore tibice in the females (I have not seen the male) are broad and strongly bidentate ; the mesosternal process is porrected and almost rounded, but scarcely broader than the porrected front of the metasternum on which it is placed, with its base truncated. The tips of the tibizee and the tarsi are black; the under side of the thoracic region is more golden than above. M. Buquet’s speci- men is labelled Japonica, from which species, however, it is abun- dantly distinct. * Mr. Hope’s memoir having been read in 1839, his name is retained in preference to the manuscript one of azuripes, Burm., which I find attached to Mr. Hope’s typical specimen. 120 ASIATIC CETONIID2. Species X.—Rhomborhina pilipes. Melly’s MSS. I regret that, owing to Mr. Melly’s absence from England, I am unable to give a description and figure of this fine species which I saw last year in his rich cabinet: Dr. Burmeister, however, made a detailed description of it, which will, I believe, be shortly published. Obs.—In addition to the typical Rhomborhine above described, Mr. Hope (Col. Manual, 1, p. 120), adds Gol. Hardwickii, H., Gol. Roylii, Hope, and Cetonia cincta, Zool. Journ. at the end of the genus. The first of these three species is the type of his own genus Trigono- phorus. G. Roylii is a Jumnos, and C. cincta is referable to the African group to which C. tenia, depressa, &c. belong. ANOMALOCERA, Hope. As Mr. Hope’s account of this curious group was recently read before the Linnzan Society, accompanied by figures of the male of the typical species and ample structural details, I shall here only mention that in its simple clypeus in both sexes, and in the forma- tion of the fore tibize in the opposite sexes, as well as in the structure of the trophi it agrees with Rhomborhina ; from which it is sepa- rated by the great elongation of the club of the antenne of the male, the deep longitudinal impression of the under side of the abdomen in the same sex, and the elongated narrowed mesosternum. The genus is also closely allied to the quadrate-clypeated Gnatho- cere G and P, such as Gn. leta, &e. By the kindness of Captain Parry, I am enabled to complete the illustration of this genus by giving a figure of the female (Plate 30, fig. 6), the head and antennee of the male (fig. 6 c), the mesosternal process (fig. 6 a 6b), and the fore tibia and tarsus of the male. Captain Parry fortunately possesses a single specimen of each sex of the only known species (4. Parrii, Hope), which he received from the Him- alayas in a collection formed by — Meares, Esq. TRIGONOPHORUS, Hope (Syn. Nepal. Col. in Gray’s Zool. Miscell. p. 24, 1831). This genus was simply indicated by name, in the work above quoted, for the Cetonia Hardwickii ;—an insect which, in the struc- ture of the fore legs in the opposite sexes, (those of the males being longer than those of the female, with the tibiz unarmed in the former and bidentate in the latter, ) and in the want of a longitudinal impression on the under side of the abdomen of the males, agrees with the typical Rhomborhine. But here we find not only the clypeus but the hind part of the head cornuted, and that too, singularly enough, in both sexes; the distinction of sexes in this ASLATIC CETONIID. 121 respect consisting in the shape of the hinder horn of the head. Here, however, we also find a curious distinction ; for this horn in the female of Tr. Delessertii is of the same acute shape as in the males of the two other species; the hind tibize of the males have the spur beyond the middle of the limb more distinct than in the Trigonophore. Another distinguishing character, separating these insects from the last-named genus, is the narrow elongated form of the mesosternal process. As there are now several species known agreeing together, I have retained the generic name. ‘The maxillee offer the same sexual distinction which has been already noticed in some of the preceding groups. The mentum is broad and very deeply incised in the front. Species 1.—Trigonophorus Nepalensis. (Plate 29, fig.3 34.) Syn.—Cetonia Nepalensis, Hope, in op. sup. cit. 2g. Cetonia Hardwickii, Hope, in op. sup. cit 2. Gnathocera Hardwich, Gory and Perch. Mon. Cet. Pl. 19, fig. 1 9. Cetoninus (Coryphe, Rhomborhina, 1,) Hardwickii, MacLeay. Cet. Soc. Afr. p. 30. This handsome insect has the posterior horn of the head acutely triangular in the males, but oblong and truncate at the tip in the females. The species is liable to considerable variation in colour on the upper surface, the female being sometimes (as figured by Gory and Perchéron) black or zeneous black, and sometimes of the same dark green colour as the male represented in my figure 3. The rich orange colour of the femora and tibize (except at the tips), and of the posterior coxe, is a very distinguishing character of the species. Plate 29, fig. 3 a,represents the head of the female from above, and 3 d seen sideways ; 3 c, the maxilla of the male, and 3 d, that of the female; 3 e, the mandible; 3 f, the mentum; 3 g, the fore tibize of the female ; 3 h, the mesosternum seen sideways ; and 3 z, the same seen from beneath. As usual in such cases, the specific name which had been applied to the male insect is here retained. Species ? II.— Trigonophorus Cantori. Syn.—Rhomborhina 2 Cantori. Hope in Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond. vol. 3, p. 63. Having examined the typical specimen described by Mr. Hope, I am able to state that the front of the head is mutilated and covered with dirt, and that there is therefore no longer reason for doubting that the frontal horn was present, and of the same form as in the other species of the genus. In other respects (except in being broader) it agrees with the female of Tr. Nepalensis, from which I do not consider it to be specifically distinct. Mr. Hope has not mentioned the rich orange colour of the posterior coxe, and which are visible beyond the sides of the elytra. 122 ASIATIC CETONIIDA. Sprecies I11.—Trigonophorus Saundersii, Westw. {Plate 29, fig. 5). Tr. aureo-viridis, elytris tenuissime rugosulis et punctatis, cornu frontali capitis brevi trigono ; postico acuto, 4, truncato, 2 5 capite et abdomine subtus pedibusque brunneo-castaneis, metathorace subtus viridi. Long. corp. lin. 12. Habitat in India Orientali. In Mus. D. Saunders et Mere. Ind. Orient. Londini. This is smaller than any of the other species, and is distinguished from Tr. Nepalensis by the much shorter horn at the front of the head; the upper surface of the head is olivaceous green and punc- tured, the angles in front of the eyes forming obtuse elevated tubercles, instead of being acute as in Tr. Nepalensis; the hind horn of the head is nearly flat, broad, and truncated in front in the female, but acute in the males ; the sides of the pronotum are much more thickly punctured than the dise ; the elytra are more strongly punctate than in Tr. Nepalensis, with the disc slightly rugose, giving it a silky appearance according to the play of light. The podex is green. The legs, as well as the underside of the head and abdomen, are of a rich marroon colour, the fore feet bemg formed as in the other species. The tarsi are black. The mesosternum is long, narrow, porrected, and bent rather downwards. The hairs on the hind feet and sides of the abdomen are few in number, thin and dark-coloured; the entire metasternum is green, forming a strong contrast with the rich colour of the other parts of the under- side of the body. Specirs [V.— T'rigonophorus Delessertii. (Plate 30, fig. 4). Syn.—Goliathus Delessertii, Guérin. Révue Zoologique par la Soc. Cuvier., 1839, No. 8, p. 229. This magnificent species was kindly sent to me from Paris by M. Guérin Meneville, for illustration in this work. The detailed description will be found in the Révue Zoologique, above referred to;—a work containing descriptions of a vast number of new species of insects, as well as notices of many works of Entomology, which are almost unknown to English Entomologists. The species was found upon the plateau of the Neilgherries near Otacamund and Kotirghery, by the zealous traveller in honour of whom it has been named. M. Guérin describes the posterior horn of the head as being “‘ plate, dirigée en avant et en bas, aplatie ;” not noticing its triangular shape, which is most singular, when it is considered that the insect is a female, and that the females of the other species of the genus have this horn truncate. The plants figured in Plates 29 and 30 are two fine species of Cypripedium ; that in the former Plate being C. venustum, (a native of Nepaul) drawn from a specimen which blos- somed finely in the Botanic Gardens at Kew, at the beginning of the present year; and Plate 30, representing the Indian Cyp. insigne. PLATE XXXII. ILLUSTRATION OF A NEW INDIAN SPECIES OF PAPILIO. —_@—— Tue beautiful species of Papilio figured in the acccompanying plate belongs to Boisduval’s seventeenth group of the genus; but is distinguished from the majority by the great elongation and narrowness of the wings, and the very broad and spatulated tail ; and from all, by the bright red base of all the wings on the under- side. It is most nearly related to the two species P. Philoxenus and P. Minereus of Gray (Zool. Mise. p. 32), which were de- scribed from unique specimens contained in General Hardwicke’s collection now at the British Museum, namely, a male of the for- mer and a female of the latter species. From this circumstance, united with the evident relationship between the insects, M. Bois- duval was induced, in his “‘ Histoire Naturelle des Lépidoptéres,” to consider these two individuals as the sexes of one species, for which he retained the name of P. Philoxenus. The collection of Assamese insects formed by Mr. Griffith, now in the possession of R. H. Solly, Esq., and that forwarded from Sylhet to the Rev. Mr. Stainforth, now in the possession of Mr. H. Doubleday, have enabled me to determine the specific distinction of the two species ; and as there is no figure of either (except the wretched one of Minereus given by Donovan, Naturalist’s Repos., vol. 4, pl. 140, which Boisduval has omitted to quote), I propose to illustrate them a future number of this work. The following are the characters of the new species figured in the accompanying plate, which was also contained in Mr. Stainforth’s collection, above mentioned. PAPILIO BOOTES, Westw. P. alis nigris, valde elongatis, posticis spathulato-caudatis, harum disco plaga media alba, vena nigra in duas partes divisa, macula ad angulum ani, lunulisque tribus submarginalibus rufis ; incisionibus pallide marginatis, caudaque bimaculata ; alis subtus similibus at pallidiori- bus ; omnibus plaga magna basali rufa ; maculis lunulisque rufis majoribus, capite, collo et corpore infra rufo. Expans, alar. unc. 5. Inhabits Sylhet in the East Indies. D. Stainforth. In Mus. H. Doubleday. Since the publication of the last number of this work, I have been favoured with another translation of the song “I’d be a 124 PAPILIO. Butterfly,” which appeared in the ‘‘ Times,” on the 8th of August, 1828, shortly after the publication of that by Archdeacon Wrang- ham. The elegance of many of the lines will be an ample excuse for my introducing it into a vaeant page. PAPILIO. (Versio altera.) Proles arbusti, Papilio ut forem, Violas, et lilia, et rosas halans ; Erraticus usque de flore ad florem, Que pulchra, que suavia sunt, osculans! Non opum sentirem, non regni furorem, Ut sternat se coram me nemo, curans: Modo proles arbusti Papilio si forem, Que suavia, pulchraque sunt, osculans! O, ndssem caduceum Mage subtrahere, Has alulas pulchras induerem mi: > ZEstivo sub axe vagantur in aére, Et rosa cubant, ubi gemis, Atthi! Sit vigil et cautus, qui dives, necesse est ; Nil afferunt sceptra, miserias ni: Papilionem me ter satis esse est, Rosa cubantem, cum gemis, Atthi! Quid quod autumni cum redit tempestas, Vanescunt errones hi mox parvuli : Multo plus preestat, cum finiit estas, Morientibus omnibus pulchris, mori ! In hieme vite, queis ridet hic status, Arcento, si poterunt, ictum leti : Fiam Papilio, degamque paratus, Morientibus omnibus pulchris, mori! The plate also represents a single flower of the Indian Dendro- bium moschatum of Hamilton, of which a most splendid specimen, with a great number of pendent branches covered with blossoms, formed one of the finest ornaments at the June féte at the Horti- cultural Society's Gardens at Chiswick, 1842. 125 PLATE XXXII. ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME SPECIES OF CETONIIDA FROM MADAGASCAR. —o— Tue insects of Madagascar, from the little hitherto known of them, appear to be almost as remarkable as those of New Holland. The beautiful Carabideous Euryderze, Cicindelideous Psilocere, Buprestideous Polybothrides, the Lamellicorn Kpilissi, and especi- ally the Cetoniidz, may be cited as instances of anomalous forma- tion. These are Coleopterous examples, but of the other orders of insects, (except Lepidoptera,) from Madagascar we are almost totally ignorant. Of the four Cetoniidz figured in the opposite plate, two (fig. 1 and 4,) have been for some years past partially known by the insuffi- cient descriptions of Messrs. Gory and Perchéron, published in Silbermann’s Revue Entomologique (No. 15, 1835). No figures of them have however yet appeared. The other two species (fig. 2 and 3,) are new, having been but very recently received in Paris from Madagascar. They are both of considerable interest, especially figure 3, which is, in several respects, one of the most singular species of the family. The insect represented in figure 1 was referred by Messrs. Gory and Perchéron to the genus Goliath ; a second species, G. ochreata, was also described by them, which agrees with this in structural characters. Dr. Burmeister in his manuscripts, (of which he has kindly allowed me to ayail myself,) has considered these two insects as forming a separate genus intermediate between those groups of Goliathideous Cetoniidze which have the head of the males strongly cornuted, and those in which the head is simple in both sexes. I have much pleasure in retaining his name, and illustrating it with details taken from the unique male of the species figured, contained in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes. The details of the female are taken from a specimen in the collection of A. Melly, Esq. In respect to the flattened horn at the hind part of the head, the group is analogous to the Trigonophori of India 126 MADAGASCAR CETONIID. and the African group* typified by Cet. bimaculata, De Geer. (flavo- maculata, Auct.), and especially to the genus Lophorrhina, Burm. MSS. (Cetonia 5-lineata, F. and pentachordia, Klug), also from Africa, (but unknown to Mae Leay,) which, like the present genus possesses tridentate anterior tibiz in both sexes. Genus PL/ESIORRHINA, Burm., MSS. Plesiorrhina reflexa, (Plate 32, fig. 1.) Syn.—Cetonia (Goliath) refiera, Gory and Perchéron (Descr. de quelq. nouv. Esp. de Cétoines de Madagascar, in Silb. Rev. Ent. 1835, No. 15). The large size of the head of the male of this species, with its dorsal and lateral horns, render it a very conspicuous insect. It is but moderately shining, and but very slightly punctured, being of a black colour with a greenish tinge, except the pronotum and elytra, which are slightly tinged with blue; the dorsal horn of the head has a eastaneous central line down the centre, the sides of the pronotum are castaneous as well as the two spots on the posterior margin; the base of the metacoxze and the exposed part of the mesosternum are luteo-castaneous. The general colour of the under- surface of the body is a dark apple green. The femora and reflexed undersides of the pronotum luteo-fulvous, with a slightly greenish tinge. Fig. 1 a represents the head of male, seen from the side, and 14 from beneath ; 1c, the maxilla of the male, the lower lobe destitute of any tooth; Id, the mentum, deeply channeled parallel to the tip (as in the typical Goliathi), concealing the base of the labial palpi; le, the mesosternum seen laterally, and 1f seen from beneath; 14, the head of the female, and 1 h, the fore tibize of the same sex. The female has the four posterior tibiz also more strongly spurred, beyond the middle, than the males, and the mesosternum broader and somewhat more triangular. The female of Goliath ochreata, G. and P., has the sides of the head straight, the front part forming a short triangle with the point in front ; the inner lobe of the maxillz is much broader than in Pl. reflexa ¢, but without any tooth; the mentum is very similar in shape and structure to that of Tmesorrhina concolor (pl. 19, fig. 3), being, however rather broader, and the mesoster- num is considerably more porrected than in Pl. reflexa. It is in the collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope. * ANISORRHINA, Westw. Tibiz antice ¢ inermes, 9 extus 3-dentate. Tibix 4 postice ¢ simplices, 2 latiores pone medium calearate. Maxille lobo interno spina acuta terminato, lobo externo nonnullis bifido. Mesosternum porrectum conicum. Tarsi antici ¢crassiores quam in 9. Clypeus forme variabilis sc. in A. bimaculata De G. caput maris antice conico-elevatum et occipite spina plana obtusa armato; foeming vero simplex inerme et antice emarginatum : in A. umbonata K1. caput utriusque sexus inerme et antice fere rectum est. MADAGASCAR CETONIIDA. 127 Genus SCHIZORHINA, Kirby. Schizorhina Guerinii, Westw. (Plate 32, fig. 2.) Nigra, prothoracis lateribus elytrisque piceo-rufis, his valde variolosis, clypeo valde inciso, antennis pedibusque castaneis, tarsis longissimis, mesosterno haud producto. @ Long. corp. lin. 10. Inhabits Madagascar. In Mus. D. Guérin Meneville, Parisiis. This interesting species will not enter into either of the five groups of the genus proposed by Mr. MacLeay (see p. 103 ante). The head is black, with the deeply cleft clypeus and antenneze castaneous, it is clothed on the dise with fulvous hairs. The pronotum has the sides nearly straight, the hind part being much broader than the anterior, which has an elevated tubercle in the middle. The disc is very irregularly punctured, with a slightly raised line of punctures down the middle. The dise is black, with the sides of a pitchy red, tinged with purple. The elytra are broader at the base than the hind part of the pronotum; they are very flat on the disc, the extreme lateral margins being, in fact, slightly elevated, and they become gradually narrowed from the base, the apex of the suture not being spined. They are very strongly variolose on the dise, the punctures being largest and most irregular before the middle. They are of the same colour as the sides of the pronotum. The legs are castaneous and verylong. The anterior tibice in the male, (I have not seen the female,) are externally bidentate, the middle tibize spurred beyond the middle, and the hind tibiz, with the apical portion on the inside, dilated. The mesosternum (fig. 2a) is not advanced ; the maxillee have the inner lobe quite simple (fig. 2) ; and the mentum (fig. 2 c) is broadest and emarginate in front. The abdomen of the male is channeled down the middle beneath. Schizorhina plumigera. (Plate 32, fig. 4.) Syn. Cetonia plumigera, Gory and Perch. op. cit. No. 10. This is another anomalous species, which, from the form of the elypeus, must be referred to Schizorhina, from all the previously known types of which, however, it differs, both in form and in the singular clothing of hairs on the inside of the hind tarsi. The body is deflexed at each end, the clypeus deeply bifid, the meso- sternum porrected and acute, the pronotum with two, and the elytra with four, longitudinal carinz. The head is of a black colour, pitchy in front, the antennze pitchy black, the pronotum clothed with very fine greenish-grey pile, with the sides and the two costz shining black: the elytra are also similarly coloured with the cost and sides black, the latter with the spots and apex white ; there are also two white spots on the podex above. The body is black beneath with white transverse lines (interrupted in the 123 MADAGASCAR CETONIID, middle) on the thorax and abdomen, the legs and the hairs of the hind tarsi are black, the tips of the hind femora and hind tibie are pitchy red and curved. The anterior tibiz are simple in the males. Specimens are in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes, and of M. Dupont of Paris. Genus CHROMOPTILIA. Westw. I have no hesitation in regarding the insect represented in figure 3, as the type of a group distinct from Schizorhina. The form of the prothorax is altogether unlike that of any of the known Cetoniidx ; and it will be remembered that the form of this portion of the body is one of the most important characters in the group. The species has, indeed, been regarded by more than one entomologist to whom I have shown it, as one of the Trichiides ; but the sinuated sides of the elytra, as well as the structure of the mouth, assert its claim to be considered as a Cetoniideous insect ; indeed the structure of the clypeus, porrected maxillary lobes, and hairy hind feet, point out its relation to Schizorhina, and espe- cially to such species as S. plumigera. Figure 3 a represents the mandible, 3 4 the maxilla of both sexes destitute of any tooth on the inner lobe, and with the upper lobe entire, horny, acute, and very setose ; and 3c the mentum, oval in form and deeply notched in front. The head is alike in both sexes, and not cornuted. The clava of the antennez of the male is slightly more elongated than in the female. The mesosternum is short, gibbose, and not at all produced (figs. 3d, 3 e), the elytra are broadest at the base, each with a strongly elevated costa running down the centre nearly to the tip. The legs are long, the fore legs of the male being rather longer than those of the female. The anterior tibize are 3-dentate in both sexes, those of the female (fig. 3g) being rather broader than those of the male (fig. 3); this is the only distinguishing external character which I can find, as the abdomen of the male is not longitudinally channeled: the hind tibize are slightly spurred beyond the middle in both sexes. The hind tarsi, in both sexes, are long, and clothed on each side with bundles of very long hair, those on the outside of the last two joints of the tarsi being bright fulvous, whilst all the others are black. Species Unica.—Chromoptilia diversipes, Westw. Nigra, nitida, punctata, valde luteo- pilosa, antennis tarsisque 4 anticis piceis, vitta transversa tenui media interrupta, punctis- que nonnullis elytrorum maculisque duabus pygidii albidis, tarsis posticis nigro et fulvo pilosis ; corpore infra nigro, griseo valde piloso. Long. corp. lin. 64. Inhabits Madagascar. Mus. Westwood, &c. The plant figured in the plate is the charming Euphorbia splendens of Madagascar, drawn rom a specimen communicated from the Botanic Garden Kew. SAEED EI IE —_—~ te Ke PN os: fil ee ee ee 7 oceans Beata ~ oe * the eins, wane waits Se eR, eee, = cee & i wept ‘ = r "hy i Meena (peapoes i ier eas = a el / > Qa 3G 129 PLATES XXXIII, XXXIV, XXXV, ann XXXVI. ON THE GOLIATHIDEOUS CETONIIDA: OF ASIA. Part Il. Tur first and second figures of plate 33, representing the female of Narycius opalus and the male of N. (C.) smaragdulus, with their details, have already been described in the former paper on the Asiatic Goliath beetles (pp. 114, 115), as has also Rhomborhina clypeata, described in page 119, where it was accidentally referred to plate 33, fig. 3, instead of plate 34, fig. 3. I now proceed, there- fore, with the illustrations of the remaining species, all of which (with the exception of those composing the group named Diceros) enter into the genus Gnathocera of Gory and Perchéron. A genus thus named was first described by the Rev. Dr. Kirby in the 14th volume of the Linnean Transactions (p. 571), the description, especially of the maxillee and genze, is however applicable to a very different group of African Cetoniidee, typified by Cetonia elata, Fabr. Considerable confusion has, indeed, subsequently arisen in the employment of this generic name, which has been attributed to indolence, or even to a still worse principle*. The confusion, however, appears to me to have originated from a misapprehension of the note appended by Mr. Kirby to his generic description. After stating that the type of the genus was the Cetonia vitticollis, Latr. MS., e@idds, “‘ Regio, Africa. Cognate species, Cetonia africana, elegans,” &c. ; which would naturally lead to the opinion that the last-named species were regarded as congenerie with the type. That such, however, was not his view, is evident, not only from the Indian C. elegans being given as one of these cognate species, but also from the appendix to the Introduction to Entomology t; wherein the C. vitticollisis given under Gnathocera, * Tn this, as in numerous other respects, Mr. Mac Leay charges Messrs. Gory and Perchéron with blindly following Dejean, whereas the first part of their monograph (which contained an entire synopsis of the genera and species) appeared in 1833, in which year only was com- menced the 2nd Edition of Dejean’s Catalogue. It is rather amusing to compare such a charge with the observation of Count Mannerheim upon the same authors (Obsery, critiq. sur la Monog. des Cétoines), ‘* Ils s’obstinent encore plus dans /eur principe de ne pas adopter les noms de Dejean.’’ We are involuntarily reminded by these conflicting charges of the fable of the Old Man, his Son, and his Ass. + The evident meaning of the word Gnathocera, as employed by Kirby, is an allusion to NO. IX.—Ilst SEPTEMBER, 1842. K 130 ON THE GOLIATHIDEOUS CETONIIDA and ©. africana under a new genus Chlorocala, without any description. Messrs. Gory and Perchéron, however, injudiciously adopting a principle far too general, and which has led to almost irremediable confusion in entomological nomenclature—(namely, that they were at liberty to select any given species as the one to which the old generic name might be attached when the genus became dismembered), retained the C. africana as the type of Gnathocera, and gave the insects which are the true types of Gnathocera under a new generic name, Amphistoros. Mr. MacLeay, in the Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa, restored the name of Gnathocera to the latter of these two groups, whilst for the former he took up the name Coruphes, originally proposed for it by Gory and Perchéron, but which he has altered to Coryphe. Under this name it constitutes Mr. MacLeay’s second subgenus of Cetoninus, intervening between the two other sub- genera, Schizorhina and Goliathus. Of Schizorhina I have not hitherto treated, except by giving Mr. MacLeay’s divisions of it, and describing some new species (ante, p. 103), but his divisions of Goliathus will be found ante, p. 6. Mr. MacLeay observes upon Coryphe, that it is extremely close to Goliathus, from which it may be known “by the maxille having the terminal process shorter, and in a line with the base, and by the mentum being more truncated; but, above all, by the horny part of their mandibles being much longer than the square membranous part. The males scarcely ever have any teeth on the external side of the anterior tibize, and when they possess such teeth, it is merely because they belong to aberrant species.” —Illustr. Cet. So. Afr. p. 29. The following are Mr. MacLeay’s Sections of Coryphe :— Maxilla having the inner process unidentate. | 1. Navicie (of McL. } Thorax not semicircular. ¢ Clypeus sometimes but not of Dupont). } horned or bifurcate. India. Type, Cetonia B. Mentum emar- Mac Leaii, K. ginate, 9 with an- terior tibie exter- Maxilla having the inner process unidentate. J 2. Diceros, G. P. ; nally bidentate, Thorax semicircular. ¢ Clypeus bifurcate. rarely tridentate. Indian Islands. Type, C. bicornis, Latr. Asiatic Wee z (Lass ge Maxilla having no tooth on the inner process. Hope, misnamed ; Thorax not semicircular. ¢ with clypeus gene- Rhomborhina by : sary: \ Mie Teay): rally horned. Asia. Type, C. Hardwickii. the jaw-like horns of the head ; and hence, in the “ Introduction to Entomology,” vol. iii. p- 488, he observed, “ These horns have at first the aspect of a pair of open mandibles.” This is In no wise applicable to C. africana, &c. i OF THE EASTERN WORLD. 131 f Maxilla with no tooth on the inner process. 9° Tibie externally tridentate. Southern Africa. Schuppellize, Me ‘Type, C. suturalis, Fab. * 4, A. Mentum not L. emarginate. African Insects. Maxilla with its inner process unidentate. Q An- 5. Chlorocala,K. < terior tibie without teeth. Tropical Africa. Type, C. Iris, Fab f. od —— As the first of these sections comprises the majority of the species illustrated in the plates of the present Number, it will be further necessary to add the subsections into which it is distributed by Mr. MacLeay. Cetonia elegans, Fabr. Colour green. ¢ Clypeus with no horn. Cetonia Mac Leaii, K. Colour green with black spots. 4 Clypeus with a short vertical horn. le 2 im Cetonia pretiosa, Esch. Colour green with black spots. ¢ Clypeus with two lateral horns. 4. Cetonia gutiata, Oliv. Colour green and red, with white spots. ¢ Clypeus with | two lateral horns. (5. Narycius olivaceus, Dup. Colour green. ¢ Clypeus with two lateral horns. On reviewing these arrangements of Mr. Mac Leay, and after studying the numerous dissections which I have given in my illustra- tions of these insects, it is impossible to arrive at any other con- clusion than that Mr. Mac Leay’s distinctions between Coryphe and Goliathus are of no intrinsic value, and that the distribution of the sections of Coryphe, and of the subsections of the first of its sections [ Naricize Mc L.]| require complete remodelling. The attempt to separate the African from the Asiatic species of Coryphe must also be considered as unsuccessful. A comparison of the Indian C. elegans with the African C. africana and C. stigma ; and of the Indian insect which has been termed Diceros Cuvera, with the African C. suturalis, will at once prove the unity of the group. The character relied upon by Mr. Mac Leay is, moreover, an erroneous ene, since C. Iris, Fab. (see ante, pl. 19, fig. 2, and p- 107), possesses a mentum more deeply emarginate than any of the Asiatic species. Again, with respect to the sub-sections of Mr. Me Leay’s first Asiatic section of Coryphe, it is to be observed, that C. Mac Leaii, K. and C. pretiosa, are identical; that C.guttata is an African insect, belonging to another section, and that N. olivaceus is the female of N. opalus, assigned, properly, by Mr. Mac Leay to another situation much nearer to the genuine Goliathi. — * This insect has the anterior 9 tibize bidentate. + Thisinsect has the anterior 9 tibixe dridentate. K 2 132 ON THE GOLIATHIDEOUS CETONIIDA The species to which our attention is now directed are the most aberrant of the Goliathideous Cetontide. They have lost the characters of the prothorax broadest across the middle, and the pluridentate and porrected upper maxillary lobe of Goliathus, Narycius, Cyphonocephalus, Mycteristes, and Phzedimus; and the dilated prothorax and elongated fore legs with 3-dentate tibize of the males of Dicronocephalus. With this last, however,-they agree in possessing a simple upper maxillary lobe. The remaining groups of the Asiatic Goliathideous Cetoniidze may be thus arranged. Mesosterni processus brevis latus. Tibie antice ¢ intus serrate, extus ¢ 9 bidentate : . Jumnos *. Tibie antice ¢ extus inermes - . RHoMBORHINA. Mesosterni processus elongatus angustus Pedes antici ¢ elongati Clypeus in utroque sexu cornu obtriangulari armatus TriGoNoPpHoRus, Clypeus in utroque sexu quadratus : ANOMALOCERA. Pedes antici ¢ vix aut non longiores quam in 9. Clypeus diversus HETERORHINA. Tibie antice ¢ simplices : : C. nigritarsis, Mac Leaii, leta, &c. Tibie antice ¢ sub-bidentate a latiores . 3 ° - : : ‘ ° . C. elegans, &c.t b angustiores * Clypeus integer ¢ 9 : : .°. C.bimacula, &c.t ** Clypeus ¢ bicornutus ; . . Diceros bicornis, §c. As the toothing of the anterior tibize affords one of the most satisfactory characters for the discrimination of the group of Goliathideous Cetoniidee, and as the different sections founded thereon, especially amongst the African species, have received generic names referring to the structure of the clypeus, I propose in this place to distinguish those species with bidentate tibize in the females, and with tibiz either simple, or exhibiting a slight indication of bidentation in the males, and which, moreover, have generally an elongated mesosternal process, and the fore feet not materially unequal in size in the two sexes, under the name of HETERORHINA,§ A name selected from the very variable structure and armature of the clypeus. If, indeed, this character were allowed to prevail * There is no African group precisely analogous to this, in the form of the clypeus ; Eudi- cella, however, represents it in respect to the internal serration of the fore tibize of the males. t Represented in Africa by C. africana, stigma, &c. { Represented in Africa by C. suturalis. § As this group is quite different in its construction from those of Gnathocera of Gory and Perchéron, or Coryphe of Mac Leay, I have applied a new name to it. Mr. Kirby’s excellent name of Chlorocala would have been adopted had not the group been intended to comprise species which are neither green nor beautiful. OF THE EASTERN WORLD. 133 for the establishment of generic and sub-generic groups, nearly every species would form a different group. And yet there is no other character which will separate Diceros (or Dicheros, as Gory and Perchéron write the word) from the other Heterorhinze. In addition to the Asiatic species of this group subsequently noticed, the group comprises the African species C. Africana, Drury, C. stigma, Pal. Beauv., and C. suturalis *, as well as C. smaragdina and chloris of Gory and |Perchéron’s Monograph ; which last two species appear to be also African insects, judging, at least, from the specimens in Mr. Hope’s collection, ticketed by M. Gory himself. A rigid investigation of the species of this group, has shown the relative value of the different characters employed in their classifi- cation. The form of the head varies almost in every species; the maxilla are sometimes terminated by asimple and sometimes a bifid lobe, this difference sometimes occurring in the same individual ; and when simple, itvaries very considerably in form in the different species. The form of the mesosternal process is variable, but gene- rally very much elongated and acute ; in H. Hopei and Bengalensis it is, however, short and obtuse. There is considerable dif- ference in the amount of emargination of the anterior margin of the mentum; the club of the antennez is also slightly variable in size in the opposite sexes of some of the species. There is also considerable difference in the spur at the middle of the four posterior tibiz ; indeed, in some species it is quite obsolete. The apex of the elytra is sometimes rounded, and sometimes pro- duced into two acute spines at the suture, and the unguiculi differ very much in size. The form of the body and the colouring of the species also differ materially. All these variations will, however, be more particularly noticed under each species. Srecisrs 1.—Heterorhina nigritarsis. (Plate 30, fig. 7, 7a and b, and 8a, b,c, d.) Cetonia n. Hope, Syn. Col. Nep. in Gray’s Zool. Misc. 1.24. Gnathoceran. Gory and Perchéron, pl. 20, fig. 3. This species has all the legs as well as the clava of the antenne considerably elongated in the male, which is the only sex I have seen, so that Iam uncertain whether a corresponding elongation exists in the opposite sex. The clypeus (fig. 8d) is produced in front into a conical, somewhat recurved plate truncated in the front. The crown of the head is slightly keeled down the centre. The fore feet are quite simple, as are also the middle tibia, but the hind ones are slightly spurred below the middle. The abdomen in this sex is not channeled beneath. The mesosternal process is (fig. 7 @ and 7b) rather long, pointed, and nearly straight. The mandibles (fig. 8 a) are rather small, with the horny blade rather longer than the square membranous part; the maxille (fig. 8) are considerably elongated, the inner lobe produced into a straight obtuse point, and the upper lobe large, and extending far beyond the front of * [ have not examined C. Feisthamel, viridi-eyanea, and monoceros, 134 ON THE GOLIATHIDEOUS CETONIIDA the mentum (fig. 8c), which is deeply emarginate. The femora are peculiarly coloured, being of a fine golden, fulvous, or opaline colour, with the inner edge of each shining green or blue. The colour of the species varies very considerably, the upper surface varying from golden- green to blue, slightly tinged with green, with the elytra rich lilac-purple, with a dark suture. Such individuals (one of which is figured in plate 30, fig. 7, from the collection of F. Parry, Esq.), I believe, constitute the so-called species Cetonia mutabilis, Hope (Syn., Nep. Col. supr. cit.), but they are structurally identical with the type of the species, except that the conical front of the clypeus is not so regularly truncate. Inhabits Nepaul and other parts of India. Specizs 11.—Heterorhina Hopei (Plate 33, fig. 3, and details). Gnathoceru Hope, Gory and Perchéron, Mon. Cét. pl. 20, f. 4. This species has very much of the habit of the preceding, but differs from it in several important characters :—thus, the clypeus is entire and quadrate, with the lateral and front margin slightly elevated, and the crown of the head scarcely elevated in the middle. The antenne have a club of moderate length, The fore tibie are simple, whence I conclude the specimens examined to be males, although the abdomen is not channeled beneath, The maxillz (fig. 3 a) are rather short, with the inner lobe terminated by an acute, curved, horny point, and the upper lobe also curved and terminated by two sharp horny points ; the mentum is rather deeply notched \in the middle of the front margin. The mesosternal process is very short and obtuse (fig. 36, 3c). The hind tibie are distinctly spurred below the middle, and the plantule and pseudonychie are very distinct. The species varies very much in colour; some specimens in the collection of Nepalese insects presented to the Linnzan Society by General Hardwicke, being of a blue or purple tinge. The one now figured, from the collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq., is of an intense fiery copper, tinged according to the play of light with golden green. Species I1].—Hetororhina dives, Westw. (Plate 33, fig. 5 a, b, c, d, e, f.) Gnathocera Mac Leay, Gory and Perchéron, Mon. Cét. pl. 19, fig. 2 (mec. Cet. Mac Leaii, Kirby). Coryphe pretiosa, Mac Leay Cet. So. Afr. p. 29 (nec Cetonia pretiosa Esch.) The only specimen I have seen of this magnificent insect was in the museum of the Jardin des Plantes, where I found it arranged with the true Cet. Mac Leaii, with which it has also been confounded by Gory and Perchéron, whilst Mr. Mac Leay (from confiding in their Mono- graphie) has mistaken it for the C. pretiosa of Eschscholtz. As it is from this specimen that my figures were drawn, I did not venture to extract the trophi. The head of the male has the sides produced into two long porrected, nearly straight horns, the tips being incurved (fig. 5 a, head from above, 5 0, the same from the front, 5c, the same sideways) ; the front of the elypeus is deflexed and broad (5 4); the crown of the head is furnished with a very broad, short plate; the mesosternal process is long, narrowed, rather obtuse at the tip, which is slightly bent upwards (fig. 5¢ and 5 f) 3 the fore tibie (5d) are short and toothless, the hind ones have the rudiment of a spur below the middle; the pseudonychie are scarcely dis- tinct, and the elytra have the tips strongly spined at the suture. As this species is well figured in the Monographie des Cétoines, I have not thought it necessary to refigure it. Specirs 1V.—Heterorhina Mac Leaii (plate 33, fig. 4, and details). Cetonia Mac Leaii, Kirby in Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. 12, p. 408, pl. 21, fig. 11 (nec. Gory and Perch), Cetoninus ( Coryphe Naricia § 2) Mac Leati, Mac Leay, Cet. So. Afr. Cetonia pretiosa, Esch. Entom. p. 23, No. 9, 1822 (nec. Coryphe pretiosa, Mac Leay). : Tt is at once evident, from Eschscholtz’s character “ capite spina incumbenti, clypeo reflexo bidentato,” given of his C. pretiosa, that it is identical with Mr. Kirby’s insect. This lovely species has been recently brought from the Philippine Islands, by Mr. Cuming, in considerable numbers ;asit is not, however, figured in Gory and Perchéron’s Monograph, I have introduced it in the present work, and proceed to point out the characters of the sexes. The male has the clypeus more strongly bifid in front than the female, and the flattened horn on the crown of the head in the former sex is much more acute than in the female, which has it obtusely rounded, or but slightly pointed (4 a, 4 6, head of male, 4f, head of female.) The mandibles OF THE EASTERN WORLD. 135 have the horny blade more than one-third longer than the square membranous part ; the maxilla of the male has the inner lobe pointed at the tip (fig. 4 ¢), and the upper lobe horny, entire, and not very acutely pointed at the tip ; but in the female (4 g) the upper lobe is acutely bifid at the tip; the mentum is deeply cleft in the centre of the anterior margin. The mesosternal process is rather long, flat, and not very acute at the tip (fig. 4d and 4e); the abdomen of the male is deeply channeled down the middle beneath ; the elytra of the males are terminated by two strong spines at the suture. The fore tibia in the males are simple, but bidentate in the female (fig. 4) ; the intermediate tibie are also simple in the male, but slightly spurred beyond the middle in the female, whilst the hind tibize are spurred in that situation in both sexes. The pseudonychie are scarcely distinct. Some specimens have two small black spots on the pronotum in lieu of the large one, and the black spot near the base of the elytra almost divided in two by a longitudinal patch of green. Srecirs V.—Heterorhina decora (Plate 33, fig. 6). Cetonia decora, Mliger. Vers. Oliv. Ent. 2, p. 148; Schon. Syn. 1, 3, pag. 133. Cetonia 6-maculata, Fabricius Syst. El. 2,p. 149 5 Gory and Perchéron Mon, Cét. pl. 19, fig. 3. Cetonia maculata, Gory and Perchéron op. cit. in text. This is another species closely allied to the preceding in the disposition of its colours, but which differs from both materially in the structure of the clypeus. In both sexes the anterior angles of the head are rounded off, the middle being produced into acone truncated, or rather, slightly emarginate at the tip (fig. 6a). The crown of the head has a short flat horn, which is truncated in the male, but rather conical at the tip in the females, The maxilla in the female (fig. 6 5) has the lower lobe terminated by a curved spine, whilst the upper lobe is curved and acutely bifid at the tip; the mesosternal process is long, narrow, obtuse, and rather bent upwards at the tip (fig. 6 c and 6d) ; the elytra are spined at the tips, especially in the males. The fore tibie of the males are entire, but bidentate in the females; the lower tooth minute. The hind tibie are slightly spurred below the middle. The tarsi in the female are short and broad. The spottings vary very considerably in size, being sometimes very small, as in a specimen in the collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope, in which those on the pronotum and near the suture are almost obsolete; and sometimes almost as large as in H. Mac Leaii, as in the magnificent specimen represented in the plate, collected in Java by Dr. Horsfield, and contained in the Museum of the East India House. Species VI.—Heterorhina amena (Plate 34, fig. 4, and details). Coryphe amena, Hope in Trans. Ent. Soc., Vol. 3, p. 64. This small Assamese species has the sides of the head rounded in both sexes; the middle of the front margin of the clypeus being rather deeply notched (fig. 4 @ 4 6), the upper sur- face of the head is strongly carinated, the carina terminating in a conical point in both sexes ; the mandibles have the horny blade long (fig. 4 ¢), the maxillee of both sexes (fig. 4 d) have both the lobes rather oblong at the tip. The mentum is cordate-truncate, with the anterior margin deeply notched (fig. 4 e)53 the fore tibize of the male are simple, but slightly bidentate in the female (fig. 4 h), the mesosternal process is elongate, narrowed, not very acute at the tip, which is rather bent upwards (fig. 4 f4 g), the hind tibia are not spurred beyond the middle. The male has the abdomen channeled down the middle beneath. Sprcirrs VII.—Heterorhina punctatissima, Westw. (Plate 34, fig. 5, and details). Coryphe jucunda, Hope in Trans. Ent. Soc., vol. 3, p. 64, nec. Germar in Allg. Liter. Zeit., Aug. 1837. This new species is about the size of H. decora, it is of a remarkably rich dark-green colour and very much punctured. The middle of the anterior margin of the clypeus is slightly produced and reflexed in both sexes (fig. 5a6 4, fig. 5¢ 9). In the male the crown of the head is bounded in front by a broad curved horn, rising but very little above the surface of the head (5 a), in the female, however, (5 c), this is much more developed, and the crown is moreover strongly keeled between the eyes, the keel terminating in a conical point. The maxille have the lower lobe terminating in a point (5 d 4), which is rather stronger in the female than in the male, and the upper lobe is acutely bifid, the lower tooth being the largest ; the mentum is elongated, rather narrowed towards the base, and with the front margin deeply notched in the middle; the mesosternal process is moderately long and rounded at the tip, which is scarecly turned upwards (fig. 55g). The fore tibiae of the males are entire but 136 ON THE GOLIATHIDEOUS CETONIIDA deeply bidentate in the 9 (fig. 5 e); the four hind tibize are toothed below the middle. The abdomen is not channeled beneath in the middle in the males. The pseudonychie are long. I have seen specimens of this species in the collections of Messrs. Hope, Solly (from Assam), Parry (from Sylhet), the Entomological Society of London (received from Mr, Mc Clelland), and the East India House. Species VIII. — Heterorhina tibialis, Westw., n. sp. (Pl. 34, fig. 6 and details.) H. oblonga, viridis, rugosula, tibiis rufis; clypeo ¢ subsimplici, Q transverse carinato. Long. corp. lin. 105. Inhabits East Indies, Assam ? Mus. Soc. Mere. Ind. Or. et nostr. This new species is most nearly related to the preceding, but it is considerably smaller, narrower, and more regularly oblong. The green colour is of a much darker tint on the upper surface of the body, which is very much punctured, the punctures, however, being not so well defined as in the preceding, whence the elytra have a more rugulose appearance, except down each side of the suture and along two strie (bordered by deeper punctures), down the dise of each elytra. The under side of the body is more shining green, with a coppery tinge, the thoracic portion being deeply punctured. The exposed part of the metacoxe and the two posterior tibise are red, the tarsi black, and the femora concolorous with the body. The head of the male (fig. 6 a, 6 6) is nearly square along the front margin, which is slightly reflexed, and there is a slightly defined, curved line, running between the base of the antenne, its middle touching a scarcely more raised, central, small tubercle—the head of the female, on the other hand, has the middle of the front margin elevated into a small, upright, conieal lobe (not visible looking downward) ; the ridge above-mentioned is greatly elevated, and there is also a slightly raised tubercle behind. The maxilla have the lower lobe terminated by an obtuse point, scarcely stronger in the female than in the male; but the upper lobe is strongly and acutely bifid in both sexes (fig. 6 d). The mentum is strongly notched in the middle of the front margin. The fore tibie of the male are simple, but in the female they are broad and obtusely bidentate (fig. 6 e); the two hind tibie in the male and the middle and hind ones in the female are spurred below the middle. The mesosternal process is porrected, rounded, and slightly bent upwards at the tip (fig. 6 fand 6g). The abdomen of the male is not channeled beneath, and the club of the antenne is of equal length in both sexes. Species IX.— Heterorhina glaberrima, Westw. n. sp. (Plate 34, fig. 1, and details.) H. nigra nitidissima, thorace et elytris impunctatis, castaneo, glauco, vei viridi-tincta, clypeo integro subquadrato in utroque sexu simplice, metasterno canaliculato. Long. corp. lin. 113. Habitat in India Orientali. In Mus. Soc. Merc. Ind. Or. et D. Parry. This very distinct species possesses many of the characters both of Rhomborhina and Ano- malocera, but differs in habit materially from both, having also a much more elongated meso- sternal process than the former, and the clava of the antenne of the males much shorter than in the latter. The general form is more regularly oblong than in the majority of the species; the head is entire, with the front part subquadrate, being rather narrower at the base of the antenne in the female than in the male ; the lateral and front margins are reflexed, the latter being slightly curved instead of straight; the disc of the head is nearly flat and punctured. The club of the antenne in the male is evidently longer than in the female; the lower lobe of the maxilla of the male (fig. 1 @) is not so acutely hooked at the tip as in the female (fig. 1 6) ; the mentum is deeply notched in front ; the fore tibiz in the males are simple, but strongly bidentate in the females (fig. 1 e) ; the mesosternal process is elongated, not acutely pointed at the tip, which is bent upwards (fig. le 1d) 5 the elytra are somewhat acuminated at the tips. The metasternum in the males is deeply channeled longitudinally, and there is an impression in the middle of the basal joint of the abdomen; the metasternal impression is less strong in the female than in the male, and the basal joint of the abdomen is not impressed. The four hind tibiz in the males are simple, but slightly spurred beyond the middle in the female. The pronotum and elytra are exceedingly glossy and impunctate, except the front of the former and the extremity of the latter. The colour is dark, but variable from a rich chestnut colour to green or bluish purple, having in some shades a strong tinge of rich red brown, which it is impossible correctly to represent by colours. The podex is rugose, and clothed with fulvous hairs. The underside of the body and legs also varies in colour according to the upper side. This species serves well to show the gradual approximation of forms in a complete series of the species of a natural group; it is only because we find other species in the present genus with an entire quadrate clypeus, such as H. leta, Hopei, &c., that I have retained this OF THE EASTERN WORLD. 137 species in the genus now under description. In its peculiar habit it most approaches Rhom- borhina apicalis, but in that species the clava of the antenne is of precisely equal length in both sexes, whereas in Rh. cyanipes it is rather Jarger in the male than in the female. Species X.—Heterorhina leta (Plate 34, fig. 2 a—). Cetonia leta, Fabr. Syst. El. 2, p. 150. Cetonia pyropus, Herbst. Col. 3, p. 258, pl. 32, f.6. Voet. Col. ed. Panz. 1, pl. 4, f. 27. This beautiful species has the clypeus entire in both sexes, and slightly reflexed (fig. 2 a). The mandibles have the horny part acute, and about one third longer than the square portion (fig. 2 6). The maxille have both lobes curved and acute (fig. 2.¢); they are alike in both sexes. ‘The mentum has a deep but rather narrow notch in the middle of the front margin (fig. 2d). The club of the antenne of the males is not longer than that of the females; the abdomen of the males is not channeled beneath. The mesosternal process (fig. 2 e 2 f) is elongate-conic, and rather obtuse at the tip, which is bent upwards toward the body 3 the fore tibia in the males (fig. 2 g) are entire, but broad and bidentate in the females (fig. 27); the four hind tibie are furnished below the middle with very slight rudiments of a spur; the two posterior in the males are curved towards the base (fig. 2h). The female has the elytra broader behind than the male. The species is not only a native of Java, but Mr. Parry has received it from Sylhet, and there is a female specimen in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes labelled Gnathocera australis, received from M. Gory as a native of New Holland, which I cannot distinguish specifically from the true types of the species. Species XI.—Heterorhina Bengalensis (Plate 35, fig. 1, and details). Cetonia bengalensis, Hope, Syn. Nep. Col., in Zool. Misc. p. 24. Gnathocera melanaria, Gory and Perchéron, Mon, Cét. pl. 22, fig. 5 (variety). Gnathocera pyroscelis, Hope MSS. (variety). All the specimens of this species which I have seen are females, and differ in no structural respect from each other, the varieties consisting in the more or less pitchy red or black elytra, and the colour of the tibie, some having them all black, others with the four, and some with only the two hind ones fulyous red. The front of the clypeus is conical and notched in the middle, with a strong dorsal carina terminating in an obtuse point (fig. Ja and 16) ; the mandibles have the horny blade rather broad in the middle, and at least one third longer than the square portion (fig. }¢); the maxilla have the lower lobe curved and strongly hooked, and the upper lobe is strongly curved and acutely bifid (fig. 1d) ; the mentum has the front margin nearly straight, a very minute notch only being visible in the middle of the fore margin (fig. le); the mesosternal process is very short and obtuse (fig. 1f and 1g); and the anterior tibiae broad and strongly bidentate; and the four hind ones spurred below the middle. Species XII.—Heterorhina jucunda. Gnathocera jucunda, Germar in Allg. Lit. Zeit. Aug. 1837 (nec. Cor. jucunda, Hope in Trans. Ent. Soc. 3, p. 64). Gnathocera smaragdina, Gory and Perchéron, Mon. Cét., pl. 20, fig. 1, nec smaragdina, Voet and Herbst, which = H. africana. Messrs. Gory and Perchéron give China as the locality of this species. It has, however, much more the habit of an African insect, judging from the male specimen in Mr. Hope’s collection, The head is nearly quadrate in front, the anterior margin, of the clypeus being only slightly produced into an elevated lobe ; the back of the head is strongly carinated, the carina terminating in an elevated semicircular lobe ; the maxillee have the inner lobe acute, curved, and horny, and the upper lobe obtusely and obliquely truncate, and not so long as the lower tooth ; the mentum has a small, but distinct, notch in the middle of the front margin ; the mesosternal process is elongate-conical, and bent upwards at the tip; the abdomen is not channeled beneath ; the anterior tibize are narrow and nearly simple, the apex on the outside being slightly oblique-truncate, so as to give the appearance of an indication of bidentation ; the four posterior tibia are simple; the tarsi are rather elongate and narrow, with the pseud- onychize obsolete. I should conceive from these characters that this specimen is a male, and that it, as well as H. chloris, Hope (Gory and Perch., pl. 20, fig. 5), to which it is closely related, are African insects. 138 ON THE GOLIATHIDEOUS CETONIID® Spears XI1.—Heterorhina elegans (P\. 35, fig. 2,3, 4, 5, and 6, with the details). Cetonia elegans, Fabricius, Olivier (nee Gory and Perchéron, pl. 20, fig. 2, from Oware, = C. stigma Pal. B.) Cetonia cuprea, Herbst, col. iii., tab. 29, fig. 5. Gnathocera micans, Guérin. Rév. Zool., 1840, p. 80 (variety). Coryphe cyanoptera, Hope MSS. (variety). This is a very variable and brilliant insect, the variations consisting not only in difference of size, colours, and markings, but also in punctation, and even in form and structure, no two specimens being exactly alike; some being very much smaller and narrower than others of the same size; thus some males are very narrow, and others short and broad. The front of the head is more or less produced in the middle of the clypeus, the produced part being reflexed and generally slightly bifid; the crown of the head is carinated, the carina terminating in both sexes in a transverse tubercle ; this, however, is sometimes almost, and even entirely, obsolete. The maxille have the inner lobe more or less acutely toothed, and the upper lobe, as in the last species, obliquely truncate at the tip ; the mentum is deeply emarginate in front ; the mesosternal process is moderately elongated and obtuse (fig. 4a, 46); the abdomen of the male is deeply channeled down the middle beneath ; the anterior tibie of the males are slightly sub-bidentate, the apex being very acute, and the females broad and acutely bidentate. The four hind tibie differ in the size of the central spurs, which are sometimes obsolete; the hind pair also differs in the size and colour of the brush of hairs at its extremity on the inside. The pseudonychiz are very minute. Individuals differ also very much in the punctation of the elytra, the punctures being sometimes nearly as strong as in the males of H. leta, and some- times almost obsolete. Almost every shade of green is exhibited by different specimens, and others are of a rich golden, and some of an intense purple-blue. The colour of the exposed part of the posterior coxe varies from black and green to fulvous red ; the tibize also vary from cyaneous to green and castaneous. The black spots at the shoulders and tips of the elytra are also variable. My figure 2 represents the Gnathocera micans of Guérin, which I cannot but consider asa male variety of this species, differing in having the front projection of the clypeus entire at the tip (fig. 2a) ; the tubercle at the extremity of the carina is dilated at the tip.; body rather narrow ; the elytra without any humeral or apical black patches ; the exposed part of the metacoxe concolorous ; the fascicle of hairs on the hind tibiz dark brown ; and the punctures of the elytra distinct. Fig. 2b represents the maxilla, and 2¢ the fore tibie of this individual. I am indebted to M. Guérin Meneville for sending me his typical specimen of this insect from Paris. It is from the Neilgherries. My figure 3 represents the smallest and narrowest male which I have seen, contained in the collection of F. Parry, Esq. The front of the clypeus has the projection so slightly bifid as to appear at first sight entire. The carina is very slight, and terminates in an impression without any raised tubercle (fig. 3a); the elytra are very strongly punctured, and without any black humeral or apical spots; the exposed part of the metacoxe red. The femora have a fulvous tint, and the tibie are castaneous, with a green tinge; the hairs on the hind tibize are fulvous, the hind feet having the brush scarcely distinct. My figure 4 represents another variety of the male, of very broad form, having the upper surface of an intense cyaneous purple, and the exposed part of the metacoxe red; the legs are black, and the hairs on the hind tibie dark brown. Fig. 4a and 4b represent the mesosternal process, and 4c the front of the head of this specimen, which is in the collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope. My fig. 5 represents the front of the head of another specimen, in the collection of F. Parry, Ksq., of a similar broad form to figure 4, but without any horn at the extremity of the carina, which is terminated bya transverse depression. This specimen is a male, of a rich green colour, with small humeral and apical black spots, and the metacoxe concolorous. Figure 6 a represents the front of the head of an ordinary female, 6 6 the maxilla of the same, and 6d the anterior tibie. A small female of this species, collected by Colonel Hearsey in Central India, of a rich golden colour tinged with green, with the exposed part of the metacoxe black, has the dise of the elytra much more arched than ordinary, with a slightly elevated ridge extending from the inside of the apical black patch half up the elytra, parallel with the suture. The original specimens, described by Fabricius, are preserved in the Banksian Collection at the Linnzan Society ; one is green, the other golden green, both having the exposed part of the metacoxe red, without any humeral black spot, and the apical ones dark green instead of black ; both are males, with brown tufts of hair at the extremity of the posterior tibic. As Mr. Mac Leay describes the clypeus of Cetonia elegans, Fab., as having no horn in the male, it is probable that he mistook the species. OF THE EASTERN WORLD. 139 Sprcirs XIV.— Heterorhina olivacea (plate 35, fig. 7, and details). Gnathocera olivacea, Guérin, in Rév. Zool. 1840, p. 80. Gnathocera Surrya, Hope MS. This species scarcely differs from the preceding in its structural details. All the specimens, however, which I have seen, agree in their deep olivaceous colour, and in the thick tuft of hairs at the tip of the hind tibie. The elytra are also more attenuated behind than in any individuals of H. elegans which I have seen. The exposed part of the metacoxz is of a dark red-brown colour. The head is alike in both sexes (fig. 7a, 7 6); the maxillex have the lower lobe horny, curved, and acute, in both sexes (fig. 7c) ; and the upper lobe is broad, short, and obliquely truncate, so as almost to appear bidentate. This form occurs both in males and females; but I have found the upper lobe much narrower and entire in some specimens. The abdomen of the male has only the two basal segments longitudinally chan- ueled beneath; the mesosternal process is long and curved upwards at the tip. Species XV.—Heterorhina bimacula, Wied. Zool. Mag. Band. 2, st. 1, p. 85. Coryphe Wiedemanni, Mac Leay, Cet. So. Afr. p. 30. This species comes very close to the following, with which it is regarded as identical by Messrs. Gory and Perchéron ; but, as Wiedemann expressly says of the yellow marking on each elytron, that it “ein wenig vor der Mitte steht ;’? and that it “am vorder-und hinter- rande ein wenig zackig ist;” and, moreover, describes the pygidium as being ‘‘ein wenig réthlich,” Iconsider his description as inapplicable to the following. He gives Bengal as the a3 habitat of his insect, which he says is 7 to 7% lines long. Species X VI.—Heterorhina confusa, Westw., (plate 36, fig. 2, and details.) Gnathocera bimaculata, Gory and Perchéron, Mon. Cét.,pl. 22, fig. 3 (excl. Syn. Wied.) Gory and Perchéron give Java as the habitat of this insect, figured by them from the collection of Dejean. The only specimens I have seen were collected in Central India by Colonel Hearsey. The front of the head (fig 2 @) is subquadrate and entire in both sexes, with an elevated margin; along its middle runs a slightly elevated space, dilated in front; both the maxilla have the upper lobe bifid in the male; but in the female one of them is entire and rather obtusely pointed, whilst the other is obliquely truncate (fig. 2 6,2); the meso- sternal process is porrected and bent towards the body ; the anterior tibiz: of the males (fig. 2 e) are sub-bidentate at the tip, but more acutely so and broader in the female (fig. 2 f) 5 the yellow patch on each elytron occupies the middle, terminating at about one third of the length of the elytron from the extremity ; the terminal segment of the body, both above and beneath, is bright fulvous red. The abdomen of the male is channeled longitudinally on the under side. Species XVII.— Heterorhina Cuvera (Plate 36, fig. 1 and details). Dicheros Cuvera, Hope, MSS., Newman, Ent. Mag. 5, 384. This species varies from 6 to 8 lines long; it is closely allied to the preceding species, but differs in its narrower form as well as in the much greater extent of the spots on the elytra. The front of the head (fig. 1 @) is similar in its construction to that of H. confusa. The maxillz (fig. 1 4) have the lower lobe curved and acute in both sexes. Ina male dissected I found the upper lobe of one maxilla acute and entire, whilst in the other maxilla it was bifid (fig. 1c}, whilst in the female both maxille have the upper lobe bifid. The mentum (fig. 1 d) is oblong, with the front margin emarginate ; the mesosternal process is elongate, rather obtuse at the tip, which is bent upwards (fig. 1 e); the abdomen of the male is deeply channeled beneath ; the male has the fore tibie sub-bidentate at the tip (fig. 1g), whilst in the female they are broader and more acutely and distinctly bidentate (fig. 1h), The hind tibiw are simple in both sexes. I have seen many specimens in which the yellow patch is discoloured, and has assumed a dark brownish red colour. It is from Bombay. Species XVIII.— Heterorhina Childrenii (Plate 36, fig. 3 and details). H. nigra nitida, clypeo tuberculo elevato instructo; pronoto rufo-plagiato; elytrisque macula magna flava ; scutelloque rufo. Long. corp. lin. 7, lat. ad basin elytr. fere lin. 3. The only specimen I have seen of this species is in the collection of the Buitish Museum, where it has long stood undescribed, having the name attached to it which I have adopted 140 ON THE GOLIATHIDEOUS CETONIIDA above. It is an interesting species, differing in the form of its clypeus from any of the other similarly coloured species. Its general habit is similar to that of H. confusa, except that it is much more attenuated behind. The front of the head is slightly produced and elevated in the middle, and the centre of the disc is elevated into a small tubercle, rounded in front (fig. 3 @ 3 6), with various curved impressed strigew. The fore tibie are narrow and sub-bidentate (fig. 3d), and the mesosternal process is porrected and bent upwards at the tip (fig. 3c). It is shining black, with the sides of the pronotum red, dilated towards the hind angles into a large patch on each side; the scutellum is red, the podex dirty red; the exposed parts of the metacoxe and the deflexed sides of the pronotum red ; the terminal ventral segment and the sides of the preceding joint are also red; the large yellow patch on each eiytron terminates about one third from their extremity. It inhabits Bengal, and was received by the British Museum with the remainder of the Hardwicke bequest. Seecies XIX.—Heterorhina bicornis (Plate 36,.fig. 8 a—8 h, and details). Cétoine 4 deux cornes, Latr. in Regne An. pl. 17, fig. 4 $; plate 18, fig. 5 O. Dicheros plagiatus, Klug MSS.; Gory and Perchéron Mon. Cét. pl. 58, fig. 3. It will be seen on referring to Mr. MacLeay’s distribution of the sections of his group Coryphe, that he adopted Gory and Perchéron’s Dicheros (which he correctly alters to Diceros), as one of them ; observing, however ‘‘ that, except a slight difference in the form of the thorax and the colour, we find little to distinguish the group from the section Nariciz. The organs of the mouth are the same in both.” Had Mr. MacLeay been acquainted with the insects figured in the upper part of my plate 36, there can be no doubt that he would have seen the impropriety of retaining Diceros in the station he has assigned it. It is true that we now know several species which agree in the peculiar armature of the head of the two sexes ; but this character has I think, been satisfactorily shown to be but of trivial value. Compare on the other hand, for example, the two insects represented in figures 2 and 7 of this plate, and it will be evident that the general relations of the two species are far too close to allow them to be separated in consequence of the difference in the structure of the horns of the head —a character which, if employed, would necessitate the establishment of almost as many groups as there are species in the genus. The male has the sides of the head in front of the eyes produced into two long porrected horns directed slightly upwards (fig. 8 a, 8 6), the space between them at the base being deeply excavated into a semicircular hollow, the crown of the head not being furnished with any horn, plate, or tubercle ; the female, on the other hand, has the front of the head conical, reflexed, and terminated by two small teeth, the space between which and the crown of the head is deeply excavated, a short, flattened, conical horn overhanging the excavation (fig. 8c, 8d). The maxille in both sexes are alike, having both the lobes acute, curved, pointed, and entire (fig. 8e) ; the mentum is rather broad, with the front margin emarginate (fig. 8 f). The prothorax is broader in proportion than in the preceding species similarly coloured, and its sides are rather more rounded; we still, however, perceive the slight angle in the middle of each side ; the elytra are more attenuated behind, especially in the female; the tips are slightly, but not pointedly, produced in either sex. The fore tibize are narrow, and very slightly sub- bidentate at the tip in the males (fig. 8 g), but in the female they are rather broader, with the tip more distinctly bidentate (fig. 8). The mesosternal process is elongate and bent upwards at the tip. The abdomen of the male is deeply impressed down the middle on the underside ; the four hind tibis are simple. This species is a native of Timor. Species XX.—Heterorhina ornata (Plate 36, figs. 6 and 7, and details). Dicheros ornatus, Burm. MSS.; Hope in Proceed. Ent. Soc., July 1841, p. 33. The female of this species closely agrees with that of the preceding, but it is of a narrower form ; the head is similar (fig. 7 a 7 6), the middle of the crown being furnished with a short, flattened, conical horn; it has, however, been described ‘‘ capite medio excavato postice triden- tato ;’’ the latter character having originated by regarding the raised and slightly angulated lateral margins of the head, in front of the eyes, at the base of the antenne, as horns. The yellow spots on the elytra commence nearer the base than the extremity of the scutellum, and terminate at one-third of their length from the tip. The terminal segment of the body, both above and beneath, as well as the preceding ventral joint, are of a dark-red colour; the maxillx are similar to those,of the male of the preceding species. The fore tibie are bidentate (fig. 7 c), and the four hind tibize are simple. The mesosternal process (fig. 7¢, 7 d) is por- rected, and bent upwards at the tip. Mr. Hope’s unique specimen is from Mysore in the East Indies. I refer to this species, a male insect, brought by Mr. Cuming from the Philippine Islands, OF THE EASTERN WORLD. 141 in the collections of the British Museum and Mr. Waterhouse, represented in fig. 6 with its details. The horns of the front of the head in this insect are even longer than in H. bicornis, the extremities being compressed ; the general colouring agrees with H. ornata 9, as does also the size and shape of the yellow patches on the elytra; the femora, as in that species, are blood-red at the base, with the tips black, and the prothorax beneath is blood-red. It is represented of the natural size. Specs XXI.—Heterorhina biguttata, Westw. (Plate 36, fig. 5, and details). H. nigra, nitida, pronoto utrinque plaga sanguinea, elytrisque maculis duabus minoribus fere rotundatis mediis fulvis. 9 Long. Corp. lin. 8. Habitat in Insulis Philippinensium. D. Cuming. In Mus. Britann. The only individual I have seen of this species is a female, in the collection of the British Museum, brought from the Philippine Islands by Mr. Cuming. It closely agrees in its general character with the female of H. ornata, but has the elytra more attenuated behind, and the conical front of the head is rounded off, and but slightly bifid. The horn on the crown of the head is broader in front; the sanguineous patches on the pronotum are wider apart, and the yellow spots on the elytra are of a dark fulvous-yellow, and occupy only a small portion of the middle of each side of the elytra, each having its margin towards the suture almost regularly rounded. The femora and terminal segment of the abdomen are coloured as in the preceding species, but the prosternum is not red at the sides. Seecies XXI1.—Heterorhina decora. Dicheros decorus, Gory and Perchéron Monogr. Cét. Plate 58, fig. 4. Inhabits Java. The head is described by Messieurs Gory and Perchéron as “ courte, con- cave, rebordée, bidentée antérieurement, carénée sur le vertex.’’ I regret that owing to the indisposition of M. Gory, I was unable to examine this species in his cabinet, during my recent visit to Paris. I am unable, therefore, to speak with precision as to its specific distinction from the following species. Species. —XXI1.—Heterorhina Petelit (Plate 36, fig. 4, and details). Gnathocera Petelii, Buquet in Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1836, p. 206. The head of the female of this species (now first delineated from the collection of M. Buquet) is similar in its structure to that of the female of H. bicornis, having a short flattened horn between the eyes, extending over the deep impression of the clypeus, which is slightly elevated and but slightly emarginate in front. This sex only is described by M. Buquet, nor does he appear to be aware that it is the female, and that from analogy the male must be similarin the form of the head to C, bicornis. It is broader in its outline than the other species I have examined. M. Buquet describes the dessows du corps as red. The underside of the body is, however, black, the three apical segments of the abdomen alone being blood-red, which is also the colour of the deflexed sides of the pronotum, scutellum, and pygidium. The mesosternal process is represented in figures 4 a and 4 0; the tip being bent upwards. The plants represented in these plates are as follows :— Plate 33. Cypripedium purpuratum, Lindl. Bot. Reg. pl. 1991. A native of the Malayan Archipelago. Plate 34. Pontederia vaginalis, Roxburgh’s Plants of Coromandel, 2, pl. 110. Plate 35. Cypripedium barbatum, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1842, pl. 17; brought from Mount Tophir, in the Straits of Malacca, by Mr. Cuming; and Plate 36. Dolichos lignosus, Linn. An Indian legume, the seed-vessels of which are a common food throughout India, eaten as our French or kidney-beans are, to which, however, according to Rumphius, they are far inferior. Note.—The Gnathocera dorsalis of Gory and Perchéron is the only species of the group treated upon in the previous pages hitherto described as a native of New Holland. The tribe is however confined to the tropical portions of the Old World; for the insect in question belongs to Mr. Kirby’s genus Macroma, and instead of being the dorsalis of Kirby, as quoted by the French monographers, it is his Macroma scutellata; the M. concolor of the Kirby Cabinet (now in the possession of the Entomological Society) being a dark variety of the same species. The true dorsalis of Kirby is a large species of Schizorhina. THE SUMMER'S CALL. —@—_. Tuis brilliant summer weather and a vacant page tempt me to introduce some pleasant lines, by that sweet poetess, the late lamented Mrs. Hemans. : Come away! the sunny hours Woo us far to founts and bowers ; O’er the very waters now, In their play, Flowers are shedding beauty’s glow : Come away! Where the lily’s tender gleam , Quivers on the glancing stream— Come away ! All the air is filled with sound Soft and sultry and profound ; Murmurs through the shadowy grass Lightly stray ; Faint winds whisper as they pass— Come away ! Where the bee’s deep music swells From the trembling foxglove bells, Come away ! In the deep heart of the rose Now the crimson love-hue glows ; Now the glow-worm’s lamp by night Sheds a ray Dreamy, starry, greenly bright— Come away! Where the fairy cup-moss lies With the wild-wood strawberries, Come away ! 143 ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE, &c. (No. IX.) MR. DOUBLEDAY’S NOTES ON THE HABITS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF PAPILIO: CONCLUDED. Papilio Turnus is very widely spread, and seems to vary much from the effects of climate. The extreme northern ones (as New- foundland specimens) are paler, (sometimes, Mr. Gosse tells me, with the ground nearly white,) and have the bands less clearly defined ; the black being a good deal suffused (especially in the ¢) over the yellow. The southern species generally expand from 3 to 1 inch more than the northern ones, and have the colours brighter, the black being more velvety and better defined. I found Turnus common at Trenton Falls, N. Y., in June, fre- quenting the lilacs in the gardens, and then easily captured ; indeed I have often taken them off the flowers with my fingers. When flying its appearance is beautiful, from its sailing along with its wings expanded. Then it is hard to take. In Ohio it is common, and not rare anywhere in the southern states; being found alike in the low country near the sea and on the loftiest of the wooded Alleghanies (say 3000 to 4000 feet elevation). It frequents in the south, Cnicus horridulus, Anona grandiflora, Cephalanthus occiden- talis, &c. .In crossing the mountains of N. Carolina and Tennessee we saw in plenty in the wet patches of the roads, by the sides of the numerous water-courses, &c. for it loves to sit in the mud, and in Ohio, where the roads are none of the best, it was equally abundant. P. Glaucus is very rare in general, and almost confined to the southern states. I never saw it but two or three times. It some- times, in early spring, comes to the plane-tree blossoms, but is mostly seen soaring over the high underwood. Its flight is very rapid. R. Foster took it in Ohio. I have specimens taken in Delaware (its northern limit!), and it occurred occasionally in E. Florida. P. Troilus in its habits resembles Philenor. I have often seen 144 ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE, ETC. them in company on the flowers of Cep. occidentalis, Anona grandi- flora, &c., and on the muddy roads. Its flight is more powerful than that of Philenor. About equally diffused throughout the Union. P. Thoas. This certainly is not the same as the Brazilian species. I have a specimen from Mexico exactly like the N. American ones. This is Cramer’s Cresphontes. It is a rare and quite southern species. I took but three or four in Florida. It flies rapidly in the pathways of the woods, sailing with its wings expanded. It alights on the ends of projecting branches or on a projecting dead twig, sitting with its wmgs expanded, droop- ing, as we set lepidoptera in England, or rather more so ~~ ~~. than we commonly depress them; quite as much as the line above. I never saw it close its wings over its back. I saw it often in the streets of Savannah, Geo. It seemed common there. Abbot gives the larva on the orange. I found it on the Thorn-ash, or Stink-ash of the Florida people; Zanthoxylon fraxineum (‘fragrant groves of Zanthoxylon,’—Bartram). Boisduval’s figure of the larva is, I think, pretty correct. I used to be much amused with the groups of butterflies in the wet places in the roads. I have seen Turnus, Philenor, and Troilus, Col. Philodice, Tereas Lisa, Melitzea Tharos, Argynnis Cybele, Polyommatus Competor, Danaus Archippus (rarely so), and two or three Hesperiz, all clustered together on a few yards of mud. I have seen too in Illinois, in the autumn, Colias Philodice and Ceesonia, Terias Nicippe (?) and Lisa, and Callidryas EKubule, in groups, literally of hundreds (the first named insect generally making 42 of the company), on a space not 6 feet square. The Philodices sit with their wings over the back, in rows, quite close together, in fact sometimes touching each other, thirty or forty in arow. These things I hardly dare tell, for people won’t believe them. I have put a (2) to the Nicippe. I think there are two species confounded under this name, but am not sure which is the right one. “ Pee is ee dd, 99-42 PLATES XXXVII, XXXVIII, XXXIX, ann XL. ON THE AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PAPILIO OF MODERN AUTHORS. Havine observed great confusion in the nomenclature of many of the African species of the genus Papilio as restricted by modern authors, owing in a considerable degree to the rarity of the larger Lepidoptera from that continent, and the impossibility of deter- mining some of the Fabrician species described from the drawings of Mr. Jones (which, as already stated, I have had an opportunity of examining), and having been also favoured by the Rev. F. W. Hope, M. Boisduyal, and the respective curators of the entomo- logical departments of the British Museum and Jardin des Plantes, with the means of describing and figuring several new and unfigured species, I have considered it would be serviceable to give a complete list of the African species of the genus, with a revision of their synonymy and other notes. The present paper is intended, therefore, to comprise only such species as are inhabitants of the African continent; those which are peculiar to Madagascar and the other adjacent islands will form a subsequent paper. I have, for convenience, adopted the arrange- ment of M. Boisduval, given in the first volume of his Spécies général des Lépidopteres, although I do not consider the classifi- cation and groups given in that work by any means natural. Of this no greater proof can be given than is afforded by his first two species of the genus, P. Antimachus and Antenor, which are as unlike each other as can be conceived in general form, although introduced into the same group; whilst many of the species which exhibit far less striking dissimilarity are formed into separate sections: the great extent of the genus, however, (to which, in my opinion, the Ornithopteri ought to be united, since the chief character by which they have been separated by M. Boisduval— namely, the structure of the anal appendages—is, as shown by M. De Haan, too variable amongst the species restricted by him to the genus Papilio, to allow of its adoption as a generic character, ) united with our ignorance of the preparatory states of so many of NO. X.—I1s/ NOVEMBER, 1842. L 146 AFRICAN SPECIES OF PAPILIO. the species, are in themselves obstacles sufficient to prevent our obtaining a satisfactory arrangement of the species at present. Species I.—PAPILIO ANTIMACHUS. Syxn.—Pap. Antimachus, Drury, Append. vol. iii. plate 1 (upperside). Jones, fig. pict. tab. 41, fig. 1—2. Donovan, Nat. Repos. vol. iii. pl. 100 and 101 (upper and under sides, copied from Jones’s drawings). M. Smeathmann, by whom this magnificent insect was collected at Sierra Leone, and sent to Drury, stated to him “ that it is seen only in mid-day, when every exertion under the direct influence of a vertical sun must be’ painful to a European. Its flight is also remarkable for its velocity ; and, to increase the difficulty of taking it, the insect frequents only the upper branches of the trees, from whence it darts and glances from one branch to another, and never descends nearer to the ground than the height of eight feet. It turns its head about instantly to the glade or path, and will not suffer any person to approach within striking distance of it, but will dart away on the least motion of the body. If the naturalist, however, exert his patience, it will at last become more familiar and careless, and is then to be caught upon some particular branch, to which it will appear more attached than to another.” From the length and narrowness of its wings, which measure nearly nine inches in expanse, (exceeding in this respect any other species in the genus), its flight must resemble that of the Acree. It passed at the sale of Drury’s collection into that of Mr. Mac- Leay, at the price of 4/. 4s.; nor have I ever heard or seen another example of this species. Species I11.—PAPILIO ANTENOR. Syn.—Pap. Antenor, Drury, App. vol. ii. pl. 3, fig. 1. Donovan, Ins. India, pl. 15 fig. 1. Drury states that he was ignorant from what part of the world his specimen (which was given him by Mr. Leman) came. Donovan, however, figured the species, or rather copied Drury’s figure, in his work on the Insects of Jndia, observing merely that it might be ‘‘ mentioned with much propriety amongst the rarest of the Papilio tribe found in India,” without giving any account of the source whence he obtained this information. The Rev. F’. W. Hope possesses a specimen which he has informed me that he obtained in asmall collection from tropical Africa (Timbuctoo), made by the late Mr. Ritchie. At the sale of Drury’s collection this butterfly was purchased by Mr. Latham, at the price of 2/. 12s. 6d.; it is also included in the Ld AFRICAN SPECIES OF PAPILIO. 147 sale catalogue of Francillon’s collection. The above are all the specimens yet known in collections. Srecres II].—PAPILIO BRUTUS. Syn.— Pap. Brutus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. 3, 1, p. 22. Papilio Merope, ee pl. 151, A. B.,and pl. 378, f. D, E. Donovan, Nat. Repos. figee 2a pled Papilio sulfwrea, Pal. Beauv. Ins. d’Afr. Lep. pl. 1. The figures of Cramer in his plate 151, represent a specimen without a tail, most probably from an accidental mutilation rather than from a perfect individual, although tailless specimens are known to occur in some Eastern species which are ordinarily tailed. The figures of Palisotde Beauvois, above referred to, have been overlooked be former writers, and represent a variety in which the dark band of the hind wings is interrupted. The species is widely distributed in Africa, ranging not only from the Coast of Guinea to Caffraria, but also occurring in Madagascar, whence M. Boisduval has received specimens varying from the ordinary type in having the spot at the tips of the fore wings smaller and rounded, with the tail black, except at the tip, which is white. Sercies IV.—PAPILIO DOREUS. Syv.—Pap. Doreus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. 3, 1, p. 68. Pap. Phorcas, Cramer, pl. 2, fig. B, C. A native of the Gold Coast and the Coast of Guinea : specimens are contained in my own and several of the other Metropolitan collections. Specrrs V.—_PAPILIO NIREUS. Syn.— Papilio Nireus, Linn. Fab., Godart, Boisduval. Clerck, Icones, pl. 30, fig. sup. Cramer,’ pl. 187, fig. A, B., and pl. 378, fig. F, G. Drury, vol. ii. pl. 4, fig. 1, 2. Swainson, Zool. Illustr. Ist Ser. pl. 124. A native of the Coast of Guinea, Caffraria, as well as of Mada- gasear, according to M. Boisduval—(Linneeus and other early writers having incorrectly given India as its locality). Cramer appears to have reversed the sexes of this species, figurmg the male as the female, and vice versd. Mr. Smeathmann informed Mr. Drury that this insect feeds upon the orange and lime trees, about which the butterfly is always seen flying. Species VI.— PAPILIO emer aos Syn.—Pap. Menestheus, Drury, App. vol. ii. pl. 9, fig. 1, 2. Cramer, pl. 142, fig. A, B. A native of Sierra Leone, but by no means of common occur- rence. Fabricius incorrectly gives India as its habitat. L 2 148 AFRICAN SPECIES OF PAPILIO. Species VII.—PAPILIO THERSANDER. (PI. 38, fig. 1, 2.) Syn.—Pap. Thersander, Eut. Syst. 3, 1 p. 32 (nee Donov. Nat. Repos. 3, t. 75). Specimens of this species (omitted by Boisduval) are contained in the collections of the British Museum and the Bristol Institu- tion. It isa native of Sierra Leone, and is closely allied to, but smaller than P. Menestheus. Fabricius derived his knowledge of it from Jones’s drawings, vol. i. fig. 71 ; and it is from an inspection of these drawings that I have been enabled to determine the species beyond a doubt. This is the more necessary to be stated, because Donovan, in his Naturalist’s Repository, vol. i. pl. 75, figured the upper and under side of a totally different insect under the name of P. Thersander, and which he says were copied from Jones’s figures. If not artificial, they however represent one of the Nymphalidze (Charaxes sp.), as is evident from the head and antenne. There are, however, no such figures in Jones’s cones; so that Donovan must have fallen into some strange error respecting the species. M. Boisduval alsonow possesses a specimen of the insect, and informed me, when in Paris, that notwithstanding Donovan’s figures, he had supposed it was the true Fabrician P. Thersander. Species VIIL.—PAPILIO DEMOLEUS. Syx.—Pap. Demoleus, Linnzeus; Fabr.; Cramer, pl. 231, fig. A, B. (nec Demoleus Esper.) Pal. Beauvois, Ins. d’ Afr. pl. 2 b. Papilio Demodocus, Esper. inhabits the Gold Coast, Coast of Guinea, Caffraria, the Cape of Good Hope, as wellas Madagascar, according to M. Boisduval, who informs us that M. Dumolin has reared it at Senegal from the caterpillars which feed on the orange-tree. Species IX.—PAPILIO LATREILLIANUS. Syn.—Pap. Latreillianus, Godart. Guérin, Icon. R. An. Ins. pl. 76, fig. 1. Griffith, An. Kingd. Ins. pl. 3, fig. 1, (copied from Guérin). Boisduval. (nec Pap. Latreillii, Donovan). Inhabits Sierra Leone, but rare. Specimens are contained in the collections of the British and Bristol Museums. Species X.—PAPILIO TYNDER/EUS. Syn.—Pap. Tyndereus, Faby. Jones’s Icon. vol. i. t. 57. Donovan, Nat. Repos. vol, iii. pl. 83. Godart, Enc. M. 9, No. 59. Papilio Nausinous, God. Enc. Méth. 9, No. 58. Donovan's figures of this rare species (which inhabits Sierra Leone) nearly agree with those of Jones’s above referred to, except that those of the former author have the hind wings too short, and AFRICAN SPECIES OF PAPILIO. 149 the colours too high. It differs from the preceding species by having the hind wings dentated. Specres XJ.—PAPILIO LEONIDAS. Syn.— Pap. Leonidas, Fabricius, &e. Papilio similis, Cramer, pl. 9, fig. A, B. Inhabits tropical Western Africa. In my own and several other London cabinets. This species has a striking analogy with some of the species of Danais. Species XIJL.—PAPILIO PYLADES. Syn.—Pap. Pylades, Fabricius. Donovan, Nat. Repos. vol. i. pl. 13. Inhabits tropical Western Africa. In the collections of Mr. Hope and the British Museum. Fabricius gives it as the type of his genus Zelima (Syst. Gloss. in Illig. Mag. vol. vi.), distinguish- ing it from Papilio by the “ palpi short, biarticulate ; second joint rounded at the apex; antennze long, elavate.”—(See Children in Phil. Mag. Feb. 1830, and Horsfield, Lep. Jav.) Species XI1J.—PAPILIO PODALIRIUS. Syn.— Papilio Podalirius, Linn. &e. Papilio Feisthamelii, Godart ; Dup. Suppl. pl. 1, fig. 1 (variety). M. Boisduval considers the P. Feisthamelii of Duponchel as a local variety of the ordinary P. Podalirius peculiar to the south of Europe and north of Africa, having the ground colour of the wings whiter coloured and the anal spot brighter. Specirs XIV.—PAPILIO AGAPENOR. Syn.—Pap. Agapenor, Fabr.; Jones, Icones, 1, tab. 51 (nec Boisduval). Pap. Policenes, Cramer, pl. 37, fig. A, B. (e Surinamia at errore); Boisduval. Pap. Polixenus, Godart, Enc. Méth. (ex Amer. Septentr. at errore). Pap. Scipio, Pal. Beauv. Ins. d’Afr. Lep. pl. 2, fig. 1. Fabricius (E. 8. 3, part i. p. 26, No. 76) expressly describes this species as having a red stripe across the hind wings on the under side, and as a native of Africa, referring only to Jones’s Icones, 1, tab. 51. Specimens of this insect agreeing exactly with Jones's figures from Sierra Leone and Ashantee are in the collections of the British Museum and Mr. Hope. It is further distinguished by the four straight transverse pale bars across the discoidal cell of the fore wings. Cramer, 1, p. 61, and pl. 87, fig. A, B, figures it under the name of Policenes, giving Surinam as its locality. Godart changed the name in the Encyel. Méth. 9, 52, to Poltxenus, also giving 150 AFRICAN SPECIES OF PAPILIO. North America as its habitat; and Boisduval gives it under the name of Policenes (H. N. Lép. 1, p. 261), and as inhabiting Suri- nam and some of the Antilles. I can see no difference between the true African specimens and the figures and descriptions of the authors above referred to, and therefore think that they must have erred in the locality they assign to the species. Palisot de Beauvois figures the true African Agapenor under the name of Pap. Scipio (Lép. pl. 2, fig. 1). P. Agapenor of Boisduval is distinct. Godart has given the true Agapenor (as well as P. Po- lixenus) ; but as his knowledge of it is stated to be derived from Fabricius alone, he evidently did not perceive the identity. Species XV.—PAPILIO ANTHEUS. Syn.—Pap. Antheus, Fabr. ; Cramer, pl. 234, fig. B, C. Papilio Antharis, God. Enc. Méth. Papilio Agapenor, Boisduval (nec Fabr.) Fabricius (Ent. Syst. 3, 1, p. 36) expressly says of this, “‘ Sta- tura omnino P. Agapenor at ecaudatus,” referring merely to ‘Cramer, Ins.” [that is, to his pl. 234, B, C.] and to Jones’s Icones, 1, pl. 56. These figures agree in all respects, except that the latter have no tails to the hind wings. The species is stated by all these authors to be from Amboyna. It, however, precisely agrees with specimens lately received from Sierra Leone and Ashantee by the British Museum and Mr. Hope, having long tails. Godart and Boisduval give the Fabrician and Cramerian insects as distinct, retaining the name of Antheus for the Fabrician species, which they only know from the writings of Fabricius ; Godart giving Cramer’s species under the name of Antharis, and as a native of North America; and Boisduval under the incorrect one of Agapenor, from which species it is at once distinguished by the want of a red stripe on the under side of the hind wings, and by the curved pale bars in the discoidal cell of the fore wings. I have no doubt that the early authors erred in their locality Amboyna, and that all these supposed species are identical and natives of Africa. Srecies XVI.—PAPILIO LALANDEI. (Plate 37, fig. 1, 2.) Syn.—Pap. Lalandei, Godart, Enc. Méth. ; Boisduval. Godart, in the Encyclopédie Méthodique, refers to the Mémoires de la Sociéte Linnéenne de Paris, vol. 2, pl. 1, Lep. fig. 1, 2, for figures of this butterfly; but M. Boisduval informs me that those figures were never published: I have therefore represented its AFRICAN SPECIES OF PAPILIO. 151 upper and under sides, in the accompanying figures, from drawings made by myself in Paris, in May last, from a specimen which M. Boisduval has received since the publication of his volume containing this genus. It is a native of Caffraria. There are several patches of dark hairs on the outside of the macular band of the fore wings towards the anal angle. Specres XVII.—PAPILIO ZENOBIA. Syn.—Pap. Zenobia, Fabr. Donovan, Nat. Repos. pl. 179. Jones, fig. pict. 1, tab. 68. A native of Sierra Leone, but very rare; specimens of it are contained in the collections of the British and Bristol Museums, and in the Banksian Cabinet, whence the species was described by Fabricius. Specres XVIII.—PAPILIO MESSALINA. Syn.— Pap. Messalina, Stoll (Suppl. Cramer), p. 125, pl. 26, fig. 2. Pap. Cynorta, Boisduval, Sp. Gen. Ins. Lep. 1, 370 (nec Fabricius). The Cynorta of Fabricius, as proved by an inspection of Mr. Jones’s Icones, is a distinct species from the Messalina of Stoll, with which Boisduval has confounded it. This is a rare species, inhabit- ing Sierra Leone (and Caffraria according to Stoll). It is con- tained in the collections of the British and Bristol Museums. Species XIX.—PAPILIO CYNORTA. (Plate 40, fig. 3, 4.) Syn.— Papilio Cynorta, Fabr. Jones, Icon. pict. 1, tab. 87. (nec P. Cynorta, Bdv.= P. Messalina.) Papilio Zeryntius, Boisduval. This species has been confounded with the preceding by Boisduval, by whom it is suggested that it may be only a local variety of that insect ; an opinion in which I cannot concur. The black portion of the dise of the fore wings, as well as the dilated veins which separate the white bar, are clothed with black woolly hairs. Mr. Hope possesses a species received from M. Wester- mann, from Sierra Leone ; and there is a specimen in the collee- tion of the British Museum which was also confounded with the preceding species. Jones's figures give excellent representations of the upper and under sides of the species ; but as no figures of it haye yet been published, I have added it to my illustrations. Species XX.—PAPILIO BOISDUVALLIANUS. (Plate 40, fig. I, 2.) P. (n. sp.) alis supra nigris fascia lata, e margine anali ad medium anticarum ducta plagaque obliqua submedia, albis ; subtus albo similiter variis, basi posticarum fulvis nigro variis, apiceque fuscis. Expans. alar. fere unc. 33. Habitat Sierram Leonam. In Mus. Westermann et Boisduval. Although it is very desirable, when possible, that the specific 2, AFRICAN SPECIES OF PAPILIO. names in long genera should maintain a uniform character, yet | think the present is an instance in which the uniformity which has prevailed in the names of the species of the present genus, being selected from names celebrated in ancient story, may be broken. It has already been done in the name of a species dedicated to Latreille, and entomologists will, I trust, agree with me in the propriety of adopting the name of the most distinguished modern French lepidopterist as that of a species for the knowledge of which I am indebted to his liberality. On the upper side it is of a dull blackish-brown colour, the body marked in front with several white dots, and the wings with a broad white fascia extending from the anal margin of the hind wings half-way across the fore wings; another oblique broad white bar extending across the fore wings beyond the middle, occupying the extremity of the discoidal cell. The tip of the wings is marked with a small white marginal dot; the white bar on the hind wings is gradually shaded off into the ground colour of the middle of the wing. On the under side the fore wings are dark brown ; the apex, beyond the oblique bar, being luteous-coloured. The base of the hind wings fulvous clay-coloured, with black markings; and the apical half of these wings fulvous-brown, the white mark- ings being as on the upper side. The abdomen is pale luteous at the apex; the thoracic portion of the body black with white spots. Received by M. Boisduval from M. Westermann, and inhabits Sierra Leone. Specirs XXI.—PAPILIO HIPPOCOON. Syn.—Papilio Hippocoon, Fabr. Ent. Syst. 3, 1, 28. Jones, Icones, fig. pict. 1, tab. 88. Boisd. Sp. Ins. Lep. 1, 243. Papilio Westermanni, Boisduyal, op. cit. p. 372. Papilio Niavius fem, Cram. 234, A. Messrs. Godart and Boisduval have failed in their writings to recognise this as a Fabrician species, although Boisduval describes it, ex visu, from a specimen furnished by M. Westermann, adding the description of Hippocoon from the works of Fabricius alone. The upper and under sides are beautifully figured in Jones’s Icones, which have enabled me to identify the species. Cramer gave it as the female of a species of Danais (D. Niavia), to which indeed it bears great resemblance. It is a native of Guinea and Sierra Leone. AFRICAN SPECIES OF PAPILIO. 153 Species XXII.—PAPILIO TROPHONIUS. (Plate 39, fig. 1, 2.) Syn.—Papilio Trophonius, Westw. in Ann. Nat. Hist. Papilio Cenea, Stoll, pl. 29, fig. 1. (nec P. Cenea, Linn.) This species, which has been overlooked by M. Boisduval, bears considerable resemblance to several of the preceding species, but differs from them all in the colour of the pale portion of the wings. In the specimen figured the wings of the upper side are dark brown, with a large fulvous red patch, occupying a large space along the inner margin of the fore wings, and the greater portion of the hind wings, with a rather narrow edge of brown with white spots arranged in pairs on the hind wings. The fore wings have also a clay-coloured oblique bar running nearly across the discoidal cell, with a large pale patch beyond its extremity, and several small submarginal pale spots. On the under side the arrangement of the colours of the wings is nearly similar, except that, as in all the allied species, the extremity of the fore wings is pale clay-coloured brown, and the veins, as well as the intermediate longitudinal striz, are darker brown. The body is brown, spotted in front with white ; the abdomen buff, with a longitudinal dorsal stripe, brownish- black, and the sides with two rows of dark dots. Stoll’s figures agree with other specimens in the cabinet of the British Museum, and my own, in which the fore wings have an oval patch of pale clay colour behind the middle of the discoidal cell, and the clay-coloured portion of the hind wings does not extend beyond the middle of the wing. The pale spots on the fore wings are also much smaller than in the specimen figured by me, and the base of the hind wings is also brown on the upper side. It is possible that these latter may prove to be specifically distinct from the more richly-coloured specimen which I have figured, as I believe the allied species of Papilio do not exhibit such marked sexual differ- ences. In such case the name of Trophonius should be retained for the species here figured; and Stoll’s kind may be named P. Ceneus, although his statement that his insect is a ‘“‘ Nymphe aveugle a quatre pieds,” and his error in giving to the species a name employed by Linnzeus for a different species of Papilio, scarcely warrant the retention of his specific name. It is a native of Guinea and Caffraria. Species XXIII.—PAPILIO ADAMASTOR. (Plate 38, fig. 3.) Syn.—Pap. Adamastor, Boisduval, Sp. Gen. Lep. 1, 371. Deseribed by Boisduval, from a specimen sent to him by M. Wes- termann, who had received it from the coast of Guinea. Mr. Hope 154 AFRICAN SPECIES OF PAPILIO. has it from Ashantee, and there is a specimen in the collection of the British Museum. As the species has not hitherto been figured, I have represented its under surface (the upper side differing only in being uniformly black, with similar white markings) in order to show the difference between it and the next species. Specs XXIV.—PAPILIC AGAMEDES. (Plate 39, fig. 3, and Plate 37, fig. 3.) Syn.— Pap. Agamedes, Westw. in Ann. Nat. Hist. P. alis anticis subdiaphanis basi obscurioribus, fascia lata alba e margine interno ad medium ale, inde versus costam per medium arez discoidalis, extensa, punctisque submarginalibus albis : posticis ecaudatis fuscis, fascia lata alba e medio fere ad basin extensa postice dentata, punctisque albis duplici serie ordinatis; alis posticis subtus pone fasciam pallide fuscis nigro lineatis et albo maculatis, basi-aurantiis nigro bimaculatis. Expans. alar. unc. 3. This species, which is unique in the cabinet of the Rev. F. W. Hope, inhabits Ashantee. It is closely allied to the preceding, but differs not only in the disposition of the white markings of the wings, but in the semitransparence of the apical portion of the fore wings, which is narrower than in the preceding species. I at first thought it possible to be the other sex of that species, until I carefully examined the body, when I found it was of the same sex as speci- mens of Adamastor in Mr. Hope’s collection. Specs ? XXV.—PAPILIO ORESTES. Syn.—P. Orestes, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. 3, part 1, p. 34. Fabricius describes a species of Papilio under this name, giving it as a native of Africa, on the authority of Mr. Francillon’s collec- tion. This species is regarded both by Boisduval and Godart as a doubtful species of Papilio. Mr. Francillon’s msect was, however, fortunately drawn by Mr. Jones in his Icones (to which, however, Fabricius does not refer), and from a careful examination of these figures it appears that the insect is in fact a species of Papilio, exceedingly like the Indian P. Nomius of Esper, and P. Aristzeus, Cr., but with a very short tail. Both those species have, however, long tails. Notwithstanding the species of the group to which these insects belong are widely dispersed, I have little doubt that the specimen in question was an Indian insect, which had been par- tially mutilated. All the plants represented in these plates are natives of Sierra Leone, and belong to singular African orchidaceous genera ; namely, Plate 37, Bolbophyllum barbigerum, Lindl. (Bot. Reg. 1942) ; Plate 38, Polystacha grandiflora (Bot. Mag. 3707); Plate 39, Angrecum distichum, Lindl. (Bot. Reg. 1781) ; Plate 40, Eulophia lurida, Lindl. (Bot. Reg. 1821). ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE, NOTICES OF NEW WORKS, &c. No. X. Connections anp Liprary or THE LATE PrRorEssor A UDOvIN.— It was stated in p. 94, that the collections of M. Victor Audouin had, since his decease, been transferred to the Jardin des Plantes, and that his library would most probably be sold by public auction. In a notice of this work, which appeared in the Revue Zoologique for 1842, p. 121, a doubt was thrown upon the former of these statements. It is proper, therefore, to mention that it was intended only to apply to such collections of M. V. Audouin as had been formed with the view of illustrating the habits and economy of various insects, and which had been more especially alluded to in the former part of my memoir of the deceased gentleman ; and when in Paris, in May and June last, I had the pleasure to see portions of these collections already arranged with the greatest care, and publicly exhibited in one of the galleries of the Jardin des Plantes ; these portions consisting of specimens of the nests of insects, and illustrations of their various modes of attack on wood and other materials. Such a public exhibition of objects tending to elucidate the economy of insects, carefully arranged and labelled, together with specimens of the insects by which the various labours, &c., have been performed, must, in my opinion, be not only far more interesting, but also more instructive, than a few casesof specimens with merely their scientific names attached ; the greatest praise is, therefore, due to M. Milne Edwards, not only for the arrangement and exhibition of these specimens collected by M. Audouin, but also for the great eare which has been bestowed upon the arrangement of the magnifi- cent collection of Crustacea belonging to the Jardin des Plantes, all of which are beautifully set, named, and exposed in the galleries of the Jardin des Plantes. I know of but one collection in this country arranged with the view of illustrating the various branches of the economy of insect life—namely, that of the late Mr. Sells; and all who had the pleasure of knowing that gentleman, and of examining his museum, will agree with me as to the great amount of knowledge to be obtained by the mspection of a single drawer of one of his cabinets. At my request he drew up, shortly 156 ARCANA ENTOMOLOGICA. before his lamented decease, a brief notice of his planof arrangement, which has been published in the last part of the Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. A more philosophical arrange- ment might perhaps be proposed, but it would probably be more beneficial to take the Introduction to Entomology * of Messrs. Kirby and Spence as the guide for such an arrangement, because as that work is so deservedly well known, it would be easy to refer to its pages as a catalogue raisonnée of the collection. Of the other portions of M. Audouin’s collections, as well as of his numerous manuscripts and drawings, entomologists will learn with pleasure that a careful revision will be made, with the view of publishing all which are found to be of sufficient interest and in a sufficiently complete state. The publication of the completion of his Memoir on the Pyralis of the Vine (which has lately taken place), will sufficiently prove the value of these manuscripts, and the justness of my estimate of M. Audouin’s talents, and at the same time raise our anxious anticipation for the publication of the remainder. The sale of M. Audouin’s library took place in May last, and occupied fourteen days (see ante, p. 110). The prices obtained for the books was in ‘general high, the amount realised being about 20,000 franes. Many of the works were purchased for the libraries of the Jardin des Plantes and of the Royal Society of London. The prices obtained for a few of the books are subjoined. FRANCS. De Geer’s Mémoires, 7 tom. in 9 vol. 4to 2 : ; 3 5 7 2500 Goeze, Entomologische Beitrage, 3 vols. 8vo : 5 : ; Be ite (Sie Kirby and Spence, Introduct. 4 vols., 4th Ed. ; : 2 e AO Latreille, Precis des Caracteres Genériques, | vol. 8vo. . ; Sie Re OD) Reaumur, Mémoires, 6 vols. 4to . ; j ; : : on AD) Rosel, a beautiful MS. translation, 6 vols., dto : : ‘ : mae | Schiffer, Icones Insect., Ratisb., 4 vols., “Ato : : ; - ony ney Germar, Fauna Ins. Europ. peel fase. : : : : : , neo Harris, Exposition Engl. Ins. . : 5 4 : ee oo) Latreille, Déscript. d’Ins. d’ Afrique, 22 pages ; : 5 : : kOe Say, American Entomol., 3 vols., 8vo . 5 : ; : fe mle Stephens, Illustr. of Brit. Ent. : 4 : : : : : SD Germar’s Magazin d. Entomol., 4 vols., Svo , ‘ : : ality bra: Illiger, Magaz.,5 vols.8voin3 : : . : 5 : 4 goo Silbermann, Rev. Entomol. E . : : Aphids f2(0) Annales de la Société Entomol. de France, 1832 —1840 ; f : Po i)0) The Entomological Magazine, complete : : : : ‘ cL OO The Arcana Entomologica (7 numbers) . : : : 3 : a 29E Billberg, Monographia “Mylabridium : j : : . . +o it 4.0 Dejean and Boisduval, Iconogr.Col.d’Eur. — - 5 ; : . OID * A new edition of this work is in the press, in which I am able to state, from an examina- tion of some of the proof sheets, very great additions have been made both to the text and notes, portions having been entirely re-written. Notwithstanding this, the work is announced at a reduced price. ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE, ETC. 157 FRANCS. Herbst and Jablonsky’s Coleoptera. : : é : : aig Heyy 200 Laporte and Gory, Icon. Ins. Col. : : 4 : é : - 192 Cramer, Exotic Lepidopt. . 7 : : ; ; ee S80 Godart and Duponchel, Lep. de France . : : : g seer AustraLian Species or Scarrrrp#.—tIn the notice of the sixth number of this work, which appeared in the Revue Zoologique, as already mentioned in the preceding article, M. Reiche suggests that Carenum perplexum, on account of the square base of the elytra with the humeral angle sazllant, may be presumed to possess wings, and thus generically to differ from the others, whilst C. megacephalum and tinctilatum, on account of the form of the thorax, should probably be retained as a distinct genus, under Mr. Newman’s name Eutoma. The three large species of Scarites are considered by M. Reiche as forming (probably with the Se. rotundipennis, Dej., which is stated to be a native of the Cape of Good Hope*), a separate group, distinguished by the absence of wings, the dilatation of the abdo- men, and the cylindrical terminal joint of the palpi. Mr. Hope informs me that Mr. MacLeay has named this section in his manuscripts Scaraphites, and that he has discovered a new species on the east coast of New South Wales, at Elizabeth Bay, where it was found many feet deep in the earth, whilst trenching in sandy soil to form a Pinetum. I would suggest that it should be named in honour of its discoverer. Species XVI.—Scarites (Scaraphites) MacLeaii. S. niger subnitidus, elytris obovatis, singulo striis 6 tenuibus punctatis serieque sub-laterali punctorum majoram, pedibus anticis obtuse dentatis, tibiisque intermediis spina acuta apicali externa armatis. Long. corp. lin. 13; lat. elytr. lin. 54. This species most resembles Se. Lenzeus in its narrower form and distinctly striated elytra, but it differs from that species in several respects. The mandibles are obtusely dentated, each having one minute tooth below the apex, and a large compressed one in the middle. The two oval impressions on the head are radiato-striolated in front. The pronotum has a slender, but rather deep central impressed longitudinal line, as well as a distinct anterior transverse one, most decided at the sides ; and there is no impression on each side towards the anterior angles, nor are the posterior angles obliquely foveated, being, on the contrary, convex. The elytraare broadiy obovate, being Bceaily narrowed towards the base. Each has six fine impressed punctate strize, beyond which is a row of seven larger submarginal punctures, three others of which are placed in an * Ts not this an erroneous habitat ? 158 ARCANA ENTOMOLOGICA. oblique line towards the tip of the elytra; there is also a marginal row of punctures at the base of each side. The teeth of the fore tibize are obtuse, and the middle tibize have a single acute tooth on the outside, at the tip. I also possess a species of this group, which I had considered to be identical with Se. Silenus, with which it agrees in size, but from which however it differs, in having the elytra more regularlyrounded ; the mandibles are also differently toothed, wanting the small tooth on the inside near the tip, and the left mandible having one large central simple tooth, with a small lobe towards the base, whilst the right mandible has two strong central teeth. If this should ultimately prove a distinct species, it may receive the name of Scarites (Scaraphites) confusus. My Se. seulptilis is, by M. Reiche, in the article above referred to, considered as closely allied to Searites lateralis, Dej., supposed to be a native of the Hast Indies, and belonging to Dejean’s 5th section of the genus. M. Reiche has also added descriptions of two new Australian species, belonging to my genus Gnathoxys *, namely— Species XVII.—Gnathorys obscurus, Reiche. G. nigro-eneus subnitidus, pronoto subro- tundato canaliculato angulis anticis haud porrectis, elytrorum disco punctato-striato ; stiiis ecto geminatis interruptis; lateribus et apice crebre et irregulariter punctatis. Long. 14 mill. (= fere 7 lin. mens. Angl.) Hab. Australia, Swan River. Mus. Reiche. Species XVIII.—Gnathoxys cicatricosus, Reiche. G. elongatus xneo nitidus, pronoto sub- ovato canaliculato, angulis anticis haud porrectis, elytris profunde, late et irregulariter- impressis, apice rugoso plicatis. Long. 13 mill. Hab. Australia, Swan River. Mus. Reiche. Mr. Newman has also published the description of another species of Carenum in the Entomologist + for September last (p. 369). Species XIX.—Carenum loculosum. C. nigrum fronte profunde longitudinaliter bisul- cata, prothorace transversé lunato medio longitudinaliter sulcato ; elytris foveis magnis pravé dispositis asperis; tibiis anticis dentibus 2 longis externis spinisque 2 internis armatis; tibiis intermediis dentibus 5—6 externis minutis spinis 2 apicalibus. Long. corp. -625 unc., lat. .25 une. It is perfectly distinct from Carenum Spencii, Westw. Mr. MacLeay has recently forwarded to Mr. Hope a Carenum, under the name of C. 4-punctatum, which agrees with Bonelli’s species (C. Bonellii mihi), except that the central fossula of the pronotum is scarcely transversely striolated, and the oblique impres- sions on each side at the base are scarcely distinct. It is a native of New South Wales, and was found under stones at Illawarre. * M. Guérin Meneville showed me, whilst in Paris, two Indian insects apparently belonging to this genus, possessing the same structure of the fore feet. + I regret to mention that the proprietors of this work are under the necessity of discon- tinuing its publication with the number which will appear on the Ist of November. ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE, ETC. 159 MonoGraruHia ANOPLURORUM BRITANNL#; or an Essay on the British species of Parasitic Insects belonging to the order Anoplura of Leach, with the modern divisions of the genera according to the views of Leach, Nitzsch, and Burmeister ; with highly magnified figures of each species. By Henry Denny. Author of ‘‘Monographia Pselaphidarum et Scydmenidarum Britannie,’’ &c. London. Henry G. Bohn, 1842. 8vo, 286 pages, and 26 plates. Mr. Denny, so well and advantageously known by his illus- trated work on the British Pselaphidee and Scydmenidz has, in this work, published a beautiful series of more than 200 highly magnified coloured figures, with descriptions and notices of 248 species of lice found in this country, one half of which at least are now for the first time made known to naturalists. The excellent manner in which the work is executed, has led to a request on the part of the British Association, that he will also illustrate the exotic species of the group. A few remarks upon the introductory portion of the work will not, however, be irrelevant. Mr. Denny states that the opinion that each and every animal has its own peculiar parasite isnot borne out by facts; thus Docophorus icteroides is found on nearly every species of duck which has come under the author’s notice. On extending our observations to genera, we find them take a wider range; and it is in only two or three cases that it could, with any confidence, be asserted that they were diagnostic of certain families of Vertebrata. Itis easy to say whether they belong to quadruped or bird, but more difficult to pronounce the peculiar family of either, as some genera of each division appear perfect cosmopolites; thus, Pediculus infests man, Quadrumana Rodentia, Carnivora, Pachydermata and Ruminantia; Nirmus mfests every order of birds except the Gallinacea: Docophorus all but Gallinacea and Columbide ; Lipeurus infests the orders Gallinacea, Grallze, Palmipedes, and Accipitres: whilst a few on the other hand are nearly certain indexes to the families; Eureum being only found on Chelidones; Trinoton only on Palmipedes ; Goniocotes and Goniodes only on Gallinacea and Columbidee ; Gyropus only on the Guinea pig in this country ; and Phthirus only onman. Mr. Denny has not made any observations on the oceur- rence of several distinct species, and even genera, upon the same animal. The extent of the variations of form at different ages in these insects, has not received the attention which it merits; indeed Mr. Denny’s observations hereon in pages xii. and xvii. are some- what at variance with each other. This is a point the more neces- 160 ARCANA ENTOMOLOGICA. sary to be elucidated, as the character of the Ametabola of Leach (insects undergoing no metamorphosis) adopted by Mr. Denny, depends upon its existence. My own opinion on the position of these insects, given in my Introduction to the modern classification of insects, is called into question. As however I consider the fundamental characteristic of the class Ptilota to consist in a distinct metamorphosis involving the development of wings, 1 cannot admit the Anoplura of Leach into that class ; and my answer there- fore to Mr. Denny’s. question as to the class to which I consider these parasitic insects to belong, will be found in the development of my views on the primary divisions of the annulose animals given in the fourth page of my Introduction, where I have adopted the order Ametabola of MacLeay (with the omission of his Vermes) because it leaves the Ptilota distinct, whilst Mr. Denny unites the Thysanura and Anoplura as a primary division, with the metamo- photic insects, under the general name of Insecta, which I maintain ought to be applied to the whole of the annulose animals with articulated feet. Mr. Denny justly eulogises Dr. Burmeister as the “first authority for this tribe of insects,” although he properly rejects his division of the Anoplura into Rhynchota and Mallophaga, the former (Pediculidee) being united with the rostrated Hemiptera of Linnzeus, whilst the latter are grouped with the mandibulated Hemiptera or the Orthoptera of recent authors. Mr. Denny has carefully investigated the writings of preceding authors ; a few of the figures published in the posthumous work of Lyonnet, appear however to have been overlooked: thus, Lyonnet’s plate 4, fig. 4, represents a species found upon the heron, which appears to be identical with Liotheum importunatum. As a work upon the indigenous species of these insects it is in- valuable, but for the higher ends of zoological science, this group of insects still requires illustration. With the exception of a figure of the female organs of generation of the human louse, copied from Swammerdam, we have no attempt to exhibit the internal structure of these insects; and the only figures which are given of the details of the mouth from a single species (Pediculus vestimenti) are copied (and not quite correctly) from Burmeister’s Genera Insectorum, a few figures are indeed added of the trophi in situ of two or three of the mandibulated species; but the interest attached to the distinction of haustellated and mandibulated trophi in a group whose general habits are so entirely identical, required a much more precise examination of their structures in this respect. Po », a ie aren sy eae ees: aT igen a. Sister =p Alay ete ‘ eens Sn armen Vid Efe Re ann TTR oe y my Masa, “AL 3 5 wake 4 By 2 ‘J a . Pay , ans) FID i , bs ca d ie 43 ws 7 dane” of ‘ 7 = ‘ 4 Bah ae Aa . ee 8 a4 4 done pp : A exe ae — pave ban dre! ‘ pA ry ale eee ax eo: JA . aclls : % ‘ , spat Ree eer Awe —* > Cheap an atin ee ON NA, Laer ext coh. de 5 shes wisi Reed ‘ Rory: a xz ; h i ee Age ieee x 2 Radice sep Wot Toes P es) {3 ae ALAR s &. - Ps > aire peace = ‘\ siete Pat Ton ae rout _— ES : ake ; f Tea eet a = x , a> AX tae . ; aul y rine . +5 raeiers oath Vea eae , 3 ¢ / we ptr . 161 PLATE XLI. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW MANTIDEOUS INSECT WITH POINTED EYES. —_—e—— Or the many curious forms exhibited by the different species of Soothsayer insects (Mantide), those which have conical pointed eyes are not the least remarkable. The insects thus cireumstanced constitute several distinct genera. Two of these genera are distin- guished by having an upright horn in the middle of the head ; namely, Hymenorus, Serv., having the four posterior femora furnished with a broad membrane throughout their entire length, and consist- ing of the single species M. coronata, Oliv., from the Eastern Archipelago ; and Harpax, Serv., having the fore posterior femora furnished near the apex on the lower or posterior edge with a foliaceous lobe, and consisting of several species natives of Senegal, the Cape of Good Hope, and other parts of Africa as well as Java and Sumatra. One species is described by Serville as a native of Cayenne, H. picti- pennis, Serv.; but this is most probably doubtful, especially as Burmeister gives this species as apparently identical with the H. cornuta, Oliv., Latr., which is a native of the Cape of Good Hope. The synonymy of the species of this genus is rather confused. See Charpentier and Burmeister’s Memoirs in the first and second volumes of Dr. Germar’s Zeitschrift f. die Entomologie, and De Haan (Bijdragen tot de Kennis d. Orth. p. 89,) who has, how- ever, added some species which have not conical eyes, including Epaphrodita musarum Serv. * Serville divides the species of this genus into two sub-genera :— 1. Harpax, proper. Prothorax with the sides greatly dilated ; sides of the terminal abdo- minal segments lobed. Head with a vertical horn bifid at the tip. [The latter character is, however, sexual, all Serville’s specimens belonging to this section being females, whereas the male has the vertex furnished with a shorter horn obtusely mucronated]. Type, M. ocellata, Pal. de Beauv. 2. Creobroter, Serv. Prothorax scarcely dilated at the sides; sides of abdominal segments not denticulated. Vertex furnished with a tubercle. Type, M. urbana, Fabr. (gemmata, Serv.). The three other genera which possess conical pointed eyes are destitute of a horn on the crown of the head as well as of lobes on the hind femora. NO. X1.—Ist sanuary, 1843. M 162 A NEW MANTIDEOUS INSECT WITH POINTED EYES. Acantnors, Sery., has the body short and comparatively broad, with the fore margin of the wing-covers sinuated, and the terminal segments of the abdomen dilated at the sides. Type, M. sinuata, Fabr. (fuscifolia Stoll, f 14). See as to the synonymes of the species of this genus, Charpentier in Germar’s Zeitsch 1, 375; 3, 299. South Ameriea is the geographical station of this genus. The two remaining genera are very long and slender in form. Scuizocepuata, Serville, has the eyes porrected, the hind femora destitute of spines or lobes, and the abdominal sete elongated, slender, articulated, and attenuated to the tip. Type Mantis bicornis, Linn. Aninhabitant of the East Indies. Dr. Burmeister has described a second species from the Berlin Museum. Toxopera, Serv. (Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, tom. 6, p. 25, pl. 2; and H.n. Orth. p. 168, pl. 5). The type of this singular genus (T. denticulata, Serv.) possesses conical eyes which are laterally extended. The fore posterior femora are furnished, along more than half their length, with three membranous lobes emarginate at the middle, and the apex of these femora is armed with four strong spines. The abdomen is terminated by two broad foliacious appen- dages, which appear to be articulated. This insect (which is 44 inches long) is a native of Java, and is unique in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes. It appeared to me on an examination of this specimen that the apex of each of the ocular cones was not facetted but similar to the remainder of the skull. Notwithstanding various structural differences, I have considered the insect figured in the opposite plate as also belonging to the genus Toxodera; it is, however, a native of Senegal, where it represents its Javanese ally, as is also the case in the genus Harpax. TOXODERA (HETEROCH ETA) tenuipes (Plate 41). Fusca, tegminibus brunneis, postice pallidis, alis infumatis, nigro fasciatis, cyaneo-iridescentibus, coxis anticis longis, antice lobatis et spinosis, femoribus anticis basi vix crassioribus, femoribus 4 posticis longis apice subtus foliolis duobus minimis instructis, supra inermi-_ bus, cercis analibus latis foliatis, ut videtur 6-articulatis, oculis oblique porrectis ; spina terminali nigra haud granulata- Long. corp. unc.5. Expans. tegm. unc. 45. Inhabits Senegal. In the collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope. Obs. In the elongated form of the body and the dilated appendage at the extremity of the abdomen, these insects approach the Phasmide, whilst in general characters they are very nearly allied to the typical Mantide. The singular Orchidaceous plant represented in the plate is the Megaclinium maximum, Lindl., a native of Sierra Leone. * M. De Haan has formed Mantis rubicunda into a subsection of his Mantis C. with the character “ Oculis trigonis acutis.’’ He also gives to the genus Orthodera the character “ oculi angulati,” but this is not correct. tee 5 rt aa ~~ ” e ’ j ; ; a he * . n beg oe , : « . , . 2 v ‘ A ‘ : ; bd Lorene , na : +e - 8 io . < : rs » mks 4 t . . Pad ~ = ’ j :y : ore 4 ~~ A | , . ‘ v Lat < ’ . ’ - r , < v ‘: -| ke ;: ‘ mi H ‘ x 4 ' ” 5 2 y 7 \ : { Hea’, o ; A fall A A Svstematic Arrangement OF THE ILLUSTRATIONS CONTAINED IN THE PRESENT VOLUME. COLEOPTERA. MonocrapH oF THE Famity Paussipa . . Plates 49, 50, 58, 68, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, & 94 GouiatH BrETLes oF AFRICA. ; : : : . Plates 67, 81, & 96 Two New Species or YNcA : : : : ; , : Plate 73 Monoeraru or THE Genus CHIROSCELIS . ; , 5 oes Plate 87 Loneicorn Breties or New ZEaLanp ; ? : ; : Plate 56 Loneicorn Brrernes or AFrica : : . Plates 64, 69, 78, 84, 85, & 86 HYMENOPTERA. Motituip2 or New Hotrianp 5 : : : 4 . Plates 53& 54 Tuynnip&# oF New Hotranp . : ». Plates’ (45:60; 76, ig S2iwnee New Genera oF SPHEGIDE : , : : é . : Plate 65 ORTHOPTERA. New Mantipa 2 P : : b - . . ee Plate 62 New Locustip# anp GryLiipa. , : ; ; . Plates 63 & 70 New Puasmipz . é ; , 3 : : : ae Plate 61 HOMOPTERA. CIcADA IMPERATORIA . , : é : : , ; ; Plate 51 New Cicapa# anp Furcorip® ; ° : . Pane Plates 57&71 LEPIDOPTERA. TEINOPALPUS IMPERIALIS AND Parrym . : 3 , . Plates 59 & 60 New Hoctzanp Species or Parinio . : : . . . Plates 52 & 68 Inprian Species oF Paprnio : F 4 . Plates 55, 66, 72, 79, & 80 ERRATA. —@~—— P. 5,1. 24, read ‘ Palpi labiales articulis dwobus ultimis equalibus.” P. 20,1. 25, add Note, In Tachypterus both the recurrent veins enter the 2nd sub- marginal cell as in Psamatha. P. 42. The species of Teinopalpus were captured at Darjeeling, an invalid station in the Himalayan Mountains, near the Nepaul frontier, about fifty miles from Dhawalagiri, by George R. J. Meares, Esq., by whom they were presented to Captain Parry. P. 54. Transpose the references + and ¢ to the second and third foot notes. P. 84. Lamia (Sternotomis) Palinii, is the Lamia principalis, Dalm. Sch. Syn. I. iii. App. p- 162. P. 103, 1. 17, add ‘‘ The Genus Aélurus, Klug, founded on two New World Species.” P. 115, for ‘‘ Thynous interruptus,” read “ Thynnus Leachiellus.”’ P. 124. “ Aelurus meerens,” add, “alis fusco parwm tinctis, apice aree marginalis obscuriore.”’ P. 125. ‘* Lamia Comes,” is “ i. cornutor, Fabr.’’ ‘« Lamia princeps,” belongs to the Sub-g. Zoographus.” P. 161. “Platyrhopalus suturalis,’’ is ‘ Pl. angustus, var.” 49. *% ARCANA ENTOMOLOGICA. PLATES XLIX anv L. MONOGRAPH OF THE COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID/. PART Ie —@~—— [ Havine acquired, since the publication of my various memoirs on the family Paussidze, which have appeared in the Transactions of the Linnzean Society, vols. 16, 18, and 19; the 2nd volume of the Transactions of the Entomological Society, and the Entomo- logical Magazine, vol. 5, much additional matter relating to these singular insects, as well as a considerable number of new species, of which no figures have yet been published, I have thought that a complete series of coloured figures of the entire family *, most of them redrawn with care for the purpose of this work, would be received with interest by entomologists. ] The family Paussidee comprises a small assemblage of exotic coleopterous insects, varying from a quarter to rather more than half an inch in length, the species of which are of extreme rarity in collections (single individuals only of the greater portion being known); and at the same time so remarkable in thei structure, that Latreille observed, ‘‘ vainement chercherions nous dans tout Yordre des Coléoptéres un genre qui nous offre des caractéres aussi bizarres, et aussi insolites que les Paussus.”—Nouy. Dict. dH. N. Ve 25, Povdide * The figures accompanying my monograph in the Linnean Transactions, published twelve years ago, were uncoloured. NO. XIli,—Ilst MAY, 1843. B to MONOGRAPH OF THE The following are the chief characters of the family. PAUSSID, Westw. (Paussili, Latr.; Paussides, Leach.) Corpus oblongo-quadratum subdepressum, rigidum. Caput subtriangulari-globosum porrectum, collo instructum, antenne permagne crasse, difformes, articulis 2-10, articulo basali com- presso, parte reliqua antennarum plus minusve depressa: labrum corneum porrectum ; man- bule faleate corner acute ; maxille lobo satis magno, tenui, apice dentato, palpi maxillares magni. Labium corneum vel coriaceum: palpi labiales maximi. Thorax forme diverse. Elytra postice quadrata angulo externo apicali tuberculo seepius instructo. Pedes subsequales breves compressi. Tarsi breves 5-articulati in plurimis; articulis haud lobatis ; basali sepius minuto. Abdomen thorace multo majus et elytris longius, e segmentis 4 constans, duobus intermediis multo brevioribus. A short notice of the history of this family will show the great increase which has been made in our knowledge of its contents. The genus Paussus was proposed by Linneus in 1775, in a short paper, in the Dissertationes Academice, in which he also described the genus Diopsis, and with which he terminated his entomological career. Of the former genus he knew only a single species. Thunberg, in 1781, described two more species of Paussus in the Swedish Transactions, in which work the genus Cerapterus was described by Swederus in 1778. In 1798, Afzelius published an excellent paper on the Paussi in the Linnzean Transactions, in which he described the then known species in detail, adding a new one. Donovan added several new species of Paussus, in the ‘Insects of India,” and a new Cerapterus in his “ Insects of New Holland,” in which, for the first time, the relation existing between these two genera was noticed. One or two other species were added by Schénher, Dalman, and Fabricius; those introduced by the last- named author not belonging to the family. In the various memoirs which I have published, the number of species has been increased four-fold, excluding several now proved not to belong to the family ; namely, those constituting the genus Trochoideus W.*, which, as shown by my dissections of one of the species published in the Transactions of the Entomological Society, is referable to the Endomychidz, and those which strictly belong to the sub-family of which Malachius is the type +. Of the habits of this family but little is known. The specimens of Paussus spherocerus captured by Afzelius at Sierra Leone, in the months of January and February, were taken in houses by * 1. Paussus cruciatus, Dalm., found in Gum copal. ; 2. Troch. Dalmanni, Westw., from Madagascar; 3. Troch. Desjardinii, Guér, from the island of Mauritius; and 4. Troch. Americanus, Bugq., from Colombia. A 5th unnamed species is in the collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope, from New Granada, probably identical with T, Americanus. + 1. Paussus flavicornis, Fabricius (Megadeuterus flav., Westw.; Laius cyaneus, Guér.). 2. Paussus ruficollis, Fabr. (Collops 4-maculatus, Fabr., Erichson). 3. Mala- chus vittatus, Say (Collops vittatus, Erichson, Megadeuterus Haworthii, Westw.) COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID 4. 3) night, falling upon the table from the ceiling, on the introduction of lights upon the table. They are slow and steady in their move- ments, and evidently of great rarity. I have received statements of similar habits exhibited by several other Indian and Javanese species; and Mr. Westermann states that the eight species of the family captured by him, were all taken accidentally in houses by night, flying about wood, whence he conceives them to be noc- turnal and xylophagous. (Silbermann, Rev. Ent. No.3.) +— Ir is a curious circumstance, in reference to the geographical distribution of insects, that the two Hymenopterous groups of fossorial species, possessing apterous females, should be so un- equally dispersed over the surface of the earth. Whilst the genus Mutillz is found in every quarter of the globe, Thynnus is confined to the southern hemisphere, and is here only met with in the Aus- tralian and South American continents. It is further worthy of notice, that whilst Thynnus is a numerous group in Australia and rare in South America, the Mutille of the western world are far more numerous than those of New Holland and its dependencies. It is most probable that the economy of both these groups are identical, and that the females are sand-burrowers; and the males attached to flowers rather than predaceous in their habits.* Genus. —MUTILLA, Linneus. The following are all the Australian species of Mutilla which I have hitherto seen in collections, or of which I have met with the descriptions :— Species 1.— Mutilla formicaria. (Plate 53, fig. 6.) M. nigra, capite cinerascenti-hirto, thorace nigro, scabro, lateribus vix tuberculatis, abdomine nigro (subpiceo in certo situ), linea dorsali macularum albo-cinerascentium lateribusque abdominis albo-hirtis. 9 . Long. corp. lin. 9. Syn.—Mutilla formicaria Fabricius, Ent. Syst. 2,368. Syst. Piez. p. 430. Originally described by Fabricius from the Banksian Cabinet, where the specimen still remains. The Rey. F. W. Hope has recently obtained a specimen in Mr. Gould’s collections from Port Essington. Species I1.— Mutilla rugicollis Westw. (Plate 53, fig. 5.) M. nigra nitida scabra, capite, maculis dorsalibus pilisque lateralibus abdominis albo-cinerascentibus, thoracis angulis anticis lateribusque tuberculato-angulatis, thoracis dorso punctis magnis oblongis, meta- thoraceque spatio elongato-triangulari impresso, abdominis segmento secundo magno valde scabro, medio tenue punctato, plagaque rotundata albo-cinerascenti alteraque semicirculari basali e pilis segmenti basalis formate, segmentis reliquis etiam plaga ejusdem coloris notatis.@ Long. corp. lin. 93. In the cabinet of the British Museum, ticketed ‘‘ Hunter, New * A memoir on the habits of some Indian species of Mutilla, by Captain Boys, was read at the Entomological Society, on the 5th June, 1843, in which are described the proceedings of a male in the act of dragging along a dead cockroach, in a manner precisely similar to that adopted by female fossorial insects, whilst provisioning their nests. It is scarcely to be sup- posed that a male Mutilla could have been thus employed. NO. XIV.—I1sf JULY, 1843. C 18 MUTILL#A OF NEW HOLLAND. Holland,” and in the collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope, from Western Australia. Obs.—This species is very closely allied to M. formicaria, but is at once distinguished by the structure of the thorax and sculpture of the body. Species I1.— Mutilla ferruginata, Westw. (Plate 54, fig. 4.) M. ferruginea punctata, capite cinerascenti-hirto, abdomine maculis tribus e pilis fulvis in medio marginis postici segmentorum Imi, 2di et ultimi; antennis pedibusque nigris, tarsis piceis, thorace ovali anticé truncato, dorso punctis regularibus rotundatis; lateribus haud tuberculatis 5 seg- mento 2do abdominis magno in medio longitudinaliter impresso; dorso punctis oblongis impresso. 9. Long. corp. lin. 7. In the collection of John Curtis, Esq., F.L.S., &c., from New Holland. Serecirs 1V.—Muitilla aurata. M. cerulescens hirta, antennis fuscis, abdominis segmento primo maximo macula magna dorsali aurata nitente ; reliquis segmentis basi atris; alis nullis. 9. Syn.—WM. aurata Fabricius, Ent. Syst. 2, 368. Syst. Piez. p. 430. Deseribed as a native of New Holland, by Fabricius, from the Banksian Collection. I have not, however, been able to discover the species in the cabinets of the Linnzean Society. Species V.— Muitilla ruficornis. M. nigra, antennis rufis, ano pilis albidis tecto, alisatris. ¢. Syn.—WM. ruficornis Fabricius, Ent. Syst. 2,369. Syst. Piez. p. 431. Also described by Fabricius as a native of New Holland, from the same collection as the last, but I have not been able to find it there. Srecires V1.—Mutilla Australasie. M. hirta nigra antennis rufis thoraceque hirto obscure rufo, abdomine ovato nigro segmentis 1, 2, ultimoque margine ciliato aibis, pedibus rufis. M. ciliato triplo major. Syn.—WM. Australasie Fabricius. Syst. Piez. p. 433. Described by Fabricius as a native of ‘‘ Nova Cambria,” from the collection of Labillardiére. Seecies VII.—Mutilla dorsigera, Westw. (Plate 53, fig. 4.) M. nigra, parum hirta obscura, tenue at valde punctata, antennis pedibus, mandibulis basi dorsoque collaris et thoracis obscure rufis, abdomine opaco, nigro, segmentis 1, 2 et ultimo striga marginali e pilis albo-sericeis formata, cinctis; thorace in medio lateribus parum angulatis capiteque, parum latiore, abdomineque multo minori; pedibus antennisque brevioribus. 2. Long. corp. lin. 43. Habitat in Terra Van Diemenii. D. Lewis. In Mus. Westw. I can scarcely think this to be identical with the M. Austra- lasize, although it is closely allied to that species. Species VIII.—Mutilla affinis, Westw. (Plate 54, fig. 2.) M. brevis robusta nigra hirta punctata, thorace postice obscure ferrugineo, abdomine segmentis 1 et 2 pilisque analibus albidis, pedibus piceo rufis, antennis tarsisque obscuris, thorace supra tenue oblongo-punctatis, abdomine breve-ovali tenuissime punctato. 9. Long. corp. lin. 43. Habitat in Nova Hollandia. In Mus. Brit. No. 550. Allied to M. dorsigera, but much more robust in proportion to its size, and more obscurely coloured. Srecivs 1X.—Mutilla lateralis. Westw. (Plate 54, fig. 3.) M. nigra subopaca punctata, antennis mandibulisque nigris, pedibus rufis, abdominis segmento basali supra, 2di late- MUTILLZ OF NEW HOLLAND. 19 ribus et subtus ferrugineis ; hoc et reliquis ad marginem posticum pilis aureis ; facie ante oculos plana et recte truncata. 2. Long. corp. lin, 25. Habitat in Terra Van Diemenii. In Mus. D. W. W. Saunders, F. L. 8. Species X.—Mutilla elegans, Westw. (Plate 53, fig. 2.) M. tota cerulea nitida punc- tata, cinerascenti-hirta, antennis longis tarsisque nigris, abdomine elongato, segmento 1mo petiolari, alis pallide cinerascenti-hyalinis apice late fuscis. A. Long. corp. lin. 44. Expans. alar. lin. 62. Habitat in Terra Van Diemenii. D. Ewing. Mus. Brit. et Westw. In this species the veins separating the submarginal cells are inserted into the marginal cell at nearly equal distances apart ; and the first recurrent vein is received by the second submarginal cell rather beyond the middle, whilst the second recurrent vein is received nearly at the extremity of the third submarginal cell, forming nearly a straight line with the extremity of the third sub- marginal cell. Species XI.— Mutilla abdominalis, Westw. (Plate 53, fig. 1.) M. nigra tenuiter punctata hirta, capite scutelloque cinerascenti hirtis, abdomine obscure purpureo tenuissime punc- tato pilis albis utrinque ad apicem segmentorum 2di et ultimi; pedibus nigris, tibiarum 4 posticarum et articulo basali tarsorum albis; alis fuscis, hyalino-variegatis, segmente basali abdominis parvo nodum parvum transversum ad basin formanti, 2do magno cam- panulato. @. Long, corp. lin. 6. Expans. alar. lin. 11. Habitat in Australasia. In Mus. Brit. The insertion of the veins in this species is very similar to that of the preceding species. Species XII.—Mutilla morosa, Westw. (Plate 54, fig. 1.) M. nigra punctata nigro- hirta, thorace rugose-punctato, abdomine fascia pilorum alborum ad apicem segmentorum Imi et 2di, hoc parum constricto, alis hyalino et fusco variis, apice late fusco. Long. corp. lin. 6. Expaus. alar. lin. 94. Habitat “Swan River.”? In Mus. Brit. Species XIII.—Mutilla concinna, Westw. (Plate 53, fig. 3.) M. capite magno, cyaneo punctato antice bicorniculato, thorace parvo nigro oblongo-punctato, lateribus et subtus ferrugineis, abdomine magno eneo nitido, sericeo, postice pilis aureis in maculas dispositis ornato, antennarum articulo basali mandibulisque (nisi ad apices oblique emarginatos) pedibusque ferrugineis. Long. corp. lin. 43. Habitat in Terra Van Diemenii. Mus. Newman, Westwood, etc. The trophi do not differ in this curious species from those of the rest of the genus. Gznus.—PSAMATHA, Shuckard. This genus was established by Mr. Shuckard, in the Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, for the reception of an insect having precisely the habit of a male Mellinus, but remark- able as being the only one yet characterized among the Mutillide in which the second sub-marginal cell receives both the recurrent nervures,* in which respect it also differs from all the species of insects of which Thynnus is the typical form, except the genus Tachypterus Guérin. Dr. Klug having on this account omitted the genus and its supposed female in his beautiful memoir on the Thynni, recently published in the Berlin Transactions, I have been * Shk, in Trans. Ent, Soe. ii. p. 69. Cc 2 20 MUTILLZ OF NEW HOLLAND. induced to add a figure of it, and of Diamma cerulea, to my representations of Australian Mutille. As the genus Psamatha has been described at some length in the work above referred to, it will be necessary only that I should notice some peculiarities omitted by Mr. Shuckard ; these relate especially to the structure of the mouth. The clypeus (plate 54, fig. 5 a) is carinated down the middle, beg produced in a trans- verse lobe over the labrum, of which the anterior ciliated margin is almost hidden. The mandibles are much curved, and terminate in three acute teeth, the apical one being the largest. In the male Mutille the mandibles are simply bifid; the same is also the case with the majority of the Thynni. The Chilian Telephoromyia Guér. and the Kangaroo Island Tachypterus Guér. have, however, the man- dibles bidentate within. The maxille (fig. 5 5)in Psamatha do not materially differ from the general form of these organs amongst the fossorial species, with 6-jointed maxillary palpi; the labium (fig. 5 c) in my specimen is considerably exserted and emarginate at the tip, arising from a very narrow carinated mentum, slender in front, and with 4-jointed labial palpi. The ungues in all the feet are bifid, (fig. 5 d), in which respect the insect agrees with the Thynni, and differs from the Mutille. The eyes are but very slightly emargi- nate on the inside, whereas they have a deep notch in the male Mutille. The veins of the wings extend quite to the apical margin as in the Thynni, whereas in the Mutille they stop at some distance from the margin. And lastly, the want of colour in these organs, as in this insect, occurs in the Thynni more ordinarily than in the Mutille. The extremity of the abdomen (fig. 5 e) is incorrectly described by Mr. Shuckard, as it has only one valve on each side projecting beyond it (in my specimen being coloured whitish) forming the quadrant of a circle, and externally fringed; the apical ventral plate is truncate at its extremity, and not produced into a spine as in many Thynni, nor bidentate as in the male Mutille. Species 1.—Psamatha chalybea, Shuckard. (Plate 64, fig. 5.) Chalybea nitida griseo- pubescens, margine postico prothoracis albido, abdomine atro utrinque maculis quatuor albidis, pedibus rufis basi nigris, tarsis piceis. Long. corp. lin. 6—63. Expans. alar, lin. 114. f Habitat in Terra Van Diemenii. Mus. Soc. Ent. Lond. Saunders, Shuckard, et Westw. I am indebted to W. W. Saunders, Ksq., for this interesting species. MUTILLA OF NEW HOLLAND. 21 DIAMMA, Westw. (In Proceedings of Zool. Soc., April 14, 1835.) Corpus elongatum nitidum apterum, thorace in medio constrictum segmentisque abdominis basi subcoarctatis. Caput subhorizontale fere rotundatum. Clypeus (fig. 6 a) medio longitudinaliter carinatus, antice in lobum transversum, super labrum productus. Labrum margine antico ciliato. Mandibule longe curvate falcate, intus et ante apicem acutum dentibus tribus aqualibus armate. Maxille (fig. 6b) lobo externo tenui margine rotundato ; palpi maxillares graciles 6-articulati articulis 3 et 4 longioribus. Mentum corneum (fig. 6c) elongatum labio in apice ejus retractile. Palpi labiales 4-articulati articulis intermediis obconicis. Antenne breves convolute 12, articulate articulo 2ndo minuto, apicalibus gracilioribus. Thorax quasi binodosus. Nodus anticus fere rotunda- tus e collari maximo constans. Mesonotum in annulum brevem angustum contractum. Mesosternum majus, obliquum, et pedes intermedios gerens. Metathorax magnus nodum posticum thoracis constituens et spiraculis duobus lateralibus instructus. Abdomen oblongo-ovale subdepressum segmento basali ad apicem constrictum. Pedes breviusculi spinosi unguibus bifidis (fig. 6 d). Tue very interesting insect, which is the type of this genus, is closely allied to Myrmecodes Latr., or the females of Thynni and to Myrmosa Latr. The peculiar toothing of the mandibles, is, however, quite unlike that of those insects, whilst the elongated maxillary palpi are still more unlike those of the female Thynni, T. variabilis 9 for example, in which the maxillary palpi are extremely short and apparently only 3-jointed, a peculiarity overlooked by Dr. Klug in his Memoir on Thynnus, although it is one which would have caused him to hesitate previous to sinking all the genera established by M. Guérin. Iam unwillingly prevented at present from entering into this part of the subject so fully as it deserves, and shall only add that, in the females of Myrmosa, Methoca, and Mutilla, the palpi do not differ from those of the males, which is also most probably the casein Diamma. The very slight pilosity of the body of the type of this genus, its polished surface, articulated thorax, and bifid ungues, are all characters which it, however, possesses in common with the female Thynni ; which appear to me to be its nearest allies. Spercies I.—Diamma bicolor, Westw. (Plate 54, fig. 6.) D. tota purpurea, cyaneo, vel zeneo nitens, antennis pedibus mandibulisque rufis, his ad apicem nigris. Long. corp. lin. gl, Habitat in Terra Van Diemeuii. In Mus. nostr., &. Communic. Dr. Ewing, &c. M. Guérin has described a female insect from Kangaroo Island (in the Voyage de la Coquille, texte, p. 235,) under the name of “* Diamma ephippiger ; Apterus, niger nitidus leevigatus mesothorace, metathorace pedibusque fulvis.” Like D. bicolor 9, it has 6-jointed maxillary palpi, but the mandibles have only a single tooth within, and Mr. Shuckard assures me that this insect is the female of Rhagigaster unicolor, an insect which differs considerably from Psamatha. 22 MUTILL# OF NEW HOLLAND. The plant represented in pl. 53 is the Australian Diuris aurea of Smith, and that in plate 54 is D. maculata, from the same country. “ This is human happiness! Its secret and its evidence are writ In the broad book of Nature. ’Tis to have Attentive and believing faculties ; To go abroad rejoicing in the joy Of beautiful and well-created things ; To love the voice of waters, and the sheen Of silver fountains leaping to the sea ; To thrill with the rich melody of birds, Living their life of music; to be glad In the gay sunshine, reverent in the storm ; To see a beauty in the stirring leaf, And find calm thoughts beneath the whispering tree ; To see, and hear, and breathe the evidence Of God’s deep wisdom in the natural world ! it is to linger on ‘ the magic face Of human beauty,’ and from light and shade Alike to draw a lesson ; ’tis to love The cadences of voices that are tuned By majesty and purity of thought ; To gaze on woman’s beauty, as a star Whose purity and distance make it fair ; And in the gush of music to be still, And feel that it has purified the heart! It is to love all virtue for itself,— All nature for its breathing evidence ; And when the eye hath seen, and when the ear Hath drank the beautiful harmony of the world, It is to humble the imperfect mind, And lean the broken spirit upon Ged!” Hae ea i. re nie , et ee ya ee Ot) ae —_— 7 GY te ie PLATESUY. ILLUSTRATIONS OF TWO HITHERTO UNFIGURED SPECIES OF THE GENUS PAPILIO FROM INDIA. Tuose beautiful species of the genus Papilio, which are for the most part distinguished by having the ground of the wings pale yellowish or cream-coloured, traversed by straight black fascize, often extending across both the wings, and having the hind wings terminated by long slender tails, and which constitute Boisduval’s sixteenth group, appear to be dispersed nearly over the whole globe, and hence from this cosmopolitan disposition, and the great similarity which exists amongst the species, some confusion both in the synonymes and habitats of several of them has taken place. Thus the Papilio Nomius of Esper, (P. Meges Hb. P. Niamus, Godart. Swainson, Zool. Ill., 2 ser., pl. 32,) an insect now known to be a native of India*, was described by Godart as an inhabitant of Brazil, whilst Mr. Swainson even asserts that he took the species in that country. Other allied species appear to be of the greatest rarity in the East, amongst which may especially be mentioned P. Telamon, of Donovan, a native of China, which we may now, perhaps, hope to receive; P.Dorcus Reinwardt, beautifully figured by M. De Haan in the 6th plate of his splendid Memoir on the Papi- liones of the East, and the two species represented in my plate ; of these the two upper figures exhibit both surfaces of the wings of an entirely new species, whilst the under figure represents the underside of a species not hitherto figured, and of which a descrip- tion of the upper side alone has hitherto been given to the public. PAPILIO AGETES, Wesiw. (Puate 55, figs. 1, 2.) P. alis pallidissime stramineis costa vix virescenti, anticis fasciis 4 (tertia a basi abbreviata,) margineque apicali nigris, posticis margine apicali nigro maculaque anali rubra. Expans. alar. unc. 33. Inhabits the East Indies (Sylhet?) Mus. Brit. This elegant species is allied to P. Agesilaus, and especially to P. Doreus. The extremity of the discoidal cell in the fore wings is connected with the costa by a small black conical mark, which in some of the allied species becomes an additional fascia. The two basal bars of the fore wings are carried across the hind ones beneath; * I have now before me a considerable number brought home by Colonel Hearsey, a gentle- man devotedly attached to the study of the transformations of Indian Lepidoptera. 24 PAPILIONES FROM INDIA. the second being marked near the costal margin of the latter with two red curves, which, as well as the bases themselves, are slightly visible through the wing, when seen from above; the dark margin of the hind wings bears two white lunules, and these wings have a white marginal spot below the anal angle, which is marked with a long red patch, surmounted above by black, and resting on an oblique short black streak. PAPILIO GLYCERION, Gray. (Puxate 55, fig. 3.) This species was first very concisely described by Mr. G. R. Gray, in the Zoological Miscellany*. Boisduval subsequently gave a more detailed description of its upper side from a drawing sent him by the former author. I have therefore preferred figuring the under side. The upper surface of the fore wings differs from the under in having the black bars at the extremity of the wing more distinct and broader, and the under wings are much less varied with the dark marks, which are confined nearly to the apical margin. The space between the base of the tail and the anal angle is covered by a patch of black; the yellow spot is, however, not surmounted by the black line. I am indebted to Captain Parry for an opportunity of figuring this rare species, which he received from Semlah, in the Kast Indies. The Nepalese plant represented in the plate is the Orchidaceous Tribrachia reptans. Lindl. Coll. Bot., tab. 41. * The Plates and descriptions of General Hardwicke’s insects, quoted by Boisduval, have not been published. 3O 25 PLATE LVI. ON THE LONGICORN COLEOPTERA OF NEW ZEALAND. i Captain F, Parry having placed in my hands for publication some of the Longicorn species of beetles which he has recently obtained from New Zealand, I have considered that it would be serviceable to add to my descriptions a list of all the Longicorn species, hitherto described as natives of that country, which is accordingly given beneath, being chiefly derived from the Appendix to Dieffenbach’s Travels. Species I.—Prionus (Prionoplus) reticularis, White, in Dieff. Trav. vol. ii. App. p. 276. (Plate 56, fig. 1). P. piceo-fuscus; facie, pronoto, et thorace subtus pilis aureo-fuscis tomentosis, elytris pallide reticulatis. Long. corp. lin. 17—18. ‘**This Prionus forms a section or sub-genus distinct from Sceleo- cantha and Toxeutes of Newman (Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist. v. pp- 14, 15), the latter founded on the Australian Prionus arcuatus, Fabr.; it differs essentially from Malloderes, Dupont (Guér. Mag. Zool. 1835, pl. 125), and —_ PROSCOPIA OCCIDENTALIS. Westw. (Plate 63, fig. 1.) P. fulva, nigro fuscoque varia, rugoso-punctata, capite ante oculos conico, prothorace capitis longitudine margine antico dilatato, metathorace valde tumido. Long. corp. unc. 13. ¢, unc. 2. 9. Habitat. Valparaiso, Chili. In Mus. Hope, and Mus. Britt. Tus curious species is more robust than the generality of the insects of this singular genus. The head of the male has the sides rather curved and rugose, but in the female they are straight, forming with the part in front of the eyes an elongated cone; in the latter sex it is more rugose than in the male. The antennez of both sexes are 9-jointed *: they are slightly thickened in the middle, the tip being slenderest ; they are inserted in the under- side of the head between the front part of the eyes. The prothorax is narrower than the head, its narrowest part being before the place of insertion of the fore-feet ; it is transversely rugose, and nas the hinder portion nearly quadrate. The meso- and meta-thorax are swollen into a rounded hump, much broader than the rest of the body in the male, the abdomen in that sex being narrowed. The specimens before me have, however, been taken out of spirits, and are shrunk in the base of the latter part, so that I cannot speak with certainty on its form, or as to the shape of the meso- and meta-thorax in the female. The feet are comparatively robust, and the ungues are very much dilated at the base, being furnished with an append- age almost as large as the pulvilli; the posterior femora are striated. I do not perceive in this species the difference in the number of the abdominal segments of the opposite sexes pointed out by M. Brullé; on the contrary, in both I find the same typical struc- ture, namely, seven basal segments of equal size, both on the dorsal and ventral surface, followed by two very short ares, cut off obliquely at the sides on the dorsal surface, representing the Sth and 9th dorsal segments, whilst the 8th ventral arc is dilated into rotundato antennis gracillimis, prothorace longissimo (long. unc. 12) angusto lateribus serrulatis; tegminibus et alis abdomen haud tegentibus, illis pallidis griseo et fusco parum variis nubila fusca versus basin, venisque nigro strigatis; alis hyalinis, costa maculisque nubilaque versus basin brunneis; cercis analibus latis foliaceis, pedibus 4 posticis brevibus femoribus fere ad apicem 3-foliatis tibiisque ante medium supra parum foliatis. Long. corp. unc. 42. Habitat in India orientali. In Mus. Ashmol. Oxon. et D. Hope. * Drs. Klug and Burmeister described the antenne of the males of Proscopiaas 6-, and those of the females as 7-jointed. M. Brullé describes the antenne of both sexes as $-jointed. Hist. Nat, d. Ius. Orth. et Hem. p. 212. 54 ORTHOPTEROUS INSECTS BELONGING TO a conical plate hollowed out above, and more elongated and entire in the male, whilst it is longitudinally divided in the female; the 9th ventral segment in both sexes being represented by the two small horny triangular plates, behind or beneath the small conical appendage common to Orthopterous insects. It is in the variation of form of these several pieces that the sexes are distinguished.* The general colour of the insect is fulvous-yellow, considerably spotted and marked with black and dark brown, especially on the thighs and back of the thoracic segments. No species of this genus has hitherto been described as inhabiting any other part of South America than Brazil. The present species, therefore, presents us with an instance of a wider geographical range, being a native of the western portion of South America, whence it was brought, I believe, by Mr. Cuming: it is from this cir- cumstance that I have given to it the specific name employed above. Proscopia is one of those singular forms which exhibit a great resemblance to the species of a family different from that to which they in reality belong. Thus, we have here the long slender cylindric body of Bacteria amongst the Phasmidz, as well as their apterous condition. M. Brullé also mentions two other characters possessed by these insects analogous to those of the Phasmide, namely, the plate terminating the abdomen of the males, and the compressed and angulated palpi. They appear to represent the old world genus Truxalis, in South America, and are evidently brought into relation with the more typical Locusts by that genus, and especially by the genus Mastaxf, (illustrated in the first volume of this work, pl. 26), and by the Astroma chloropterum of Charpen- tier}, a most interesting insect, also from Chili, (allied to Proscopia, and also to Tetrix Latr.,) which is described as destitute of all traces of the wing-covers, but having two small greenish wings arising from the first segment of the body (after the prothorax). * I presume that M. Brullé’s first ventral arc in the males is the hind part of the meta- sternum, separated from the anterior part by an impressed line, which, however, exists less distinctly in the females; and that his 9th ventrai segment in the male is the undivided conical eighth ventral arc. 5 + Germar’s Zeitsch. f. d. Ent. 3, 305. $ I take this opportunity of describing a new species of Mastax, recently forwarded to me from Assam, by Mr. Robinson, by way of supplement to the Memoir on this genus in the first volume of this work. Mastax arrinis. W. Fusca, facie et lateribus fulvescentibus, capite erecto vertice ad apicem truncato subbifido, prothorace carina elevataacuta, abdomine ¢ adapicem valde inflato, tegmi- nibus fuscis guttis duabu hyalinis, alis fulvis margine tenui fusco. M. guttate valde aftinis sed multo major. Long. corp. lin. 10. Expans. tegmin. lin. 22. Habitat. Assam, Ind. Or. In Mus. nostr. amicissime communic. D.Robinson. THE SECTION SALTATORIA. 55 The species of the genus Proscopia are arranged by Dr. Burmeister* in the following manner :— I. Those with the eyes placed near the middle of the sides of the head, the front part of which is obtuse, with the sides parallel, or diverging and quadrangular, A. Those with the front part of the head dilated at the end. 1. Pr. spinosa, Kl.; and 2. Pr. granulata, Kl. B. Those with the front of the head of equal breadth throughout. a. The extremity being as broad as the space between the eyes. a. Prothorax granulose. 3. Px. radula, KI. 4. Pr. hospida, KI. 8 Prothorax with impressed punctures. 5. Pr. punctata, KI. 6. Pr. brevicornis, KI. b, Extremity of the head evidently narrower than the space between the eyes. 7. Pr. scabra, Kl., and Pr. gigantea, Kl. Hj. Those with the eyes placed near the tip of the head, which is acuminated, A. Extremity of the head as long as, or longer than, half the antenne. 9. Pr. striata, Kl. 10. Pr. acuminata, Kl. 11. Pr. ruficornis, Kl. 12. Pr. rostrata, K1. B. Extremity of the head very small, much shorter than the half of the antenne, 13. Pr. brevirostris, Kl. 14. Pr. Ophiopsis, Kl. 15. Pr. oculata, KI. M. Servillef divides the genus in the following manner :— 1. Head elevated into a kind of vertical pyramid, &c. (Proscopra proper.) A. Eyes of moderate size, oblong. Pr. scabra, KI., and Pr. granulata, KI. B. Eyes large, and nearly rounded. Pr. rostrata, KI. 2. Head not elevated into a vertical pyramid, but horizontally prolonged in front in the same line as the hody, &c. (Crpuarocmma.) Pr. (Ceph.) Sica, Serv. n. sp. from the southern part of Campos-Geraes, in Brazil; described from the Collection of the Jardin des Plantes, where I examined and sketched the typical specimen described by M. Serville, and find it to be very closely allied to the insect next to be described. PROSCOPIA (CEPHALOCGiMA) SUBAPTERA, Westw. (Plate 63, fig. 2.) (Long. lin. 7.) P. fusco-brunnea, capite horizontali sensim ad apicem attenuato, antennis vix dimidio rostri longioribus, thorace et abdomine longitudinaliter striatis, prothorace, antice et postice bi- spinosis ; mesothorace spinis duabus paullo majoribus armato tegminibusque duobus liberis minutis instructo, alis duabus minimis liberis nigro-metallicis nitidis sub tegmina reconditis, abdomine supra depresso. Q Long. corp. une. 3+. Habitat. in Brasilia, Mus. nostr. Obs.—Individium alterum 9 possideo 24 lin. longitudine, statura paullo angustiori rostro longiori (pro magnitudine insecti) coloreque cinereo : spinis thoracis ut et tegminibus et alis cum precedenti vero congrueus, vix species distincta. The insect represented in figure 4 in this plate is one of the most interesting Orthopterous insects hitherto discovered ; and it is greatly to be regretted that the very mutilated state of the unique female specimen in the British Museum Collection prevents me from being able to give its whole character. Indeed, it is not surprising that from this circumstance it should have been arranged amongst the Phasmidz in that collection, since its general appearance cer- tainly bears a much closer resemblance to some of the wingless Phasmidee than to one of the saltatorial Orthoptera. A slight examination, however, convinced me that, from the structure of the tarsi, and the relative size of the thoracic segments, the insect * Handb. d. Ent. 2, p. 603. + Hist. Nat. Ins. Orth. p. 574, 56 ORTHOPTEROUS INSECTS. belongs to the family of grasshoppers with long-antennz (Gryllide, Leach), although differing from all the known species of that family in several particulars, more especially in the entire want of the curious operculum near the base of the anterior tibiz, and the large compressed form of the basal joint of the antennz, which is all that remains of those organs in the specimen before us. From its analogical relations, it may be named— PHASMODES RANATRIFORMIS, West. (Prats 63, fig. 4.) Char. Gen. 9. Corpus valde elongatum depressum parallelum abdomine sensim in medio paullo latiori. Caput horizontale, clypeo labroque magnis discretis. Palpi elongati. Labium e lobis duobus membranaceis spinisque duabus intermediis formatum. Antenne articulo basali longo compresso. Prothorax elongatus subdepressus subtus inermis: meso- et meta-thorax breves subtus etiam inermes linea longitudina mediana impressa (fig. 4 a). Abdomen thorace duplo longius ad apicem sensim attenuatum e segmeutis novem dis- tinctis formatum. Oviductus fere abdominis longitudine recta attenuata, e valvulis duobus corneis constans, singulo valvulo e duabus partibus formato (fig. 4 6, apex seg- menti noni subtus visus: fig. 4 ¢, apex segmenti noni abdominis lateraliter visus cum squama conica dorsali styloque laterali et basi oviductus : fig. 4 d, apex valvuli e duabus partibus constans, supera ad apicem emarginata, infera acuta et subtus tuberculo instructa). Pedes 4 antici longitudine xquales, graciles, tibie anticee operculo nullo instructee. Tarsi 4-articulati pilosi articulo penultimo cordato. Tegmina nulla. Ale nulla. Mas latet. Char. Spec. P. viridis, levis lateribus corporis linea brunnea notatis, tibiis anticis versus basin macula parva fusca. Long. corp. unc. 22. Oviductus, unc. 14. Habitat. King George’s Sound, Nov. Holl. In Mus. Brit. The nearest approach to the last-described insect amongst the species of the family Gryllide, Leach (Locustaires Serville,) is made b ‘ Procuitus Ausrrauis of Brullé,* described more in detail by M. Serville; As no figure of this insect has hitherto appeared,t and as the male alone has been described, I have represented the female in plate 63, fig. 3, and which agrees in general character with the male, which has the abdomen truncate at the tip. I have possessed this insect many years; and Mr. Hope also possesses three specimens—one from the Haworthian Collection. Messrs. Brullé and Serville do not speak of the red base of the hind wings; and the latter states that the head is longer than the prothorax, and that the stridulant organ of the males is transparent, which do not agree with the specimens before me; although they correspond in every other respect with the description given by M. Serville. The plant represented in the plate is Physalis edulis, a native of Peru and Chili, but cultivated at the Cape of Good Hope, and in the English Settlements in New South Wales, where it is known under the name of the Cape Gooseberry. * Hist. Nat. des Ins., Orthopt. et Hemipt., p. 135. + Hist, Nat. Orthopt., p. 384. ¢ Brullé and Serville refer to a figure of this inseet, “ Plate 11, fig. 1, Male,” but no such has hitherto been published. 1.O.W 10 43 57 BATH EXT. DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME AFRICAN LONGICORN BEETLES. ——— PARISTEMIA. Westw. Genus novum e familia Cerambycidarum, generibus Lophonocero et Pteracanthe Mewm.* affine. Caput parvum facie obliqua. Oculi valde emarginati. Labrum transversum ciliatum. Mandibule parve. Maxillze lobo apicali dense at breviter penicillato. Labium ad apicem emarginatum. Antenne breves (in femina vix ad medium elytrorum extensa), crass, articulis 1 et 3 longitudine subequalibus, reliquis parum brevioribus. Prothorax capite multo latior lateribus utrinque oblique porrectis vel in spinam latam productis, angulis posticis valde emarginatis 3 disco in medio elevato-carinato. Elytra ad basin vix prothorace latiora, sensim rotundato-dilatata, apicibus simplicibus, disco longitudinaliter costata. Pedes breves subequales. Species Africe tropicalis incole. Species I.—Paristemia Pratyptrra. (Plate 64, fig. 1). P. nigra sericea prothorace rufo utrinque striga nigra e capite ad angulos posticos 3 elytris pone medium fascia latissima postice angulata et fere ad apicem extensa rufa; abdomine obscure rufo. Syn.—Paristemia platyptera, Westw. in Ann. Nat. Hist. October 1841. Long. corp. lin. 123. Lat. elytrorum, lin, 53. Habitat in Africa tropicali. In Mus. nostr. Communic. D. Raddon. (Fig. 1 a. maxillary palpus; fig..1 6. labial palpus; fig. 1 ¢. extremity of pro & meso-sterna; fig. 1 d. mesosternum, seen sideways. ) Species I].—Paristemts Apicatis, Westw. (Plate 64, fig. 2). P. nigra seticea, capite linea media fulva, prothorace fulvo linea tenui media alterisque duabus lateralibus scutelloque nigris; elytris ad apicem nigris plaga antice in angulum acutum versus basin extensa, corpore subtus nigro, prosterno et mesosterni parte elevata fulvis. Long. corp. lin. 93. Lat. elytrorum, lin. 43. Habitat in Africa tropicali. In Mus, D. Turner. Obs.—The antenne are unfortunately broken off at the 7th joint; they are, however, evidently longer than in the former species, which is therefore to be regarded as a female, and this as a male. SAPERDA CARISSIMA, Westw. (Plate 64, fig. 5). Annals of Nat. Hist. October 1841. S. brevis opaca, supra viridi-lactea, pronoto vittis tribus longitudinalibus brunneo-fulvis, elytris fascia lata irregulari (in medio interrupta) ex humeris fere ad suturam ducta maculaque magna communi discoidali brunneo-fulvis ; his etiam guttis 10 nigris rotundatis ornatis. Long. corp. lin. 5. Habitat in Africa tropicali. In Mus. D. Raddon, Parry, Hope, &c. NEMOTRAGUS. Klug. I am not aware whether any characters have hitherto been published by Dr. Klug, of the genus instituted for the reception of the interesting insect represented in fig. 4. It is to the kind- ness of that distinguished entomologist that I am indebted for my specimen, which I received from him in 1835, since which period a considerable number of individuals have been obtained by one of the London dealers in objects of natural history. In this uncer- tainty I shall merely notice that its greatly elongated form, large * The undescribed genus Pteroplatus of Dejean’s Catalogue, composed of three Brazilian and Mexican species, is evidently also closely allied to these insects. 58 AFRICAN LONGICORN BEETLES. rounded eyes, having a very small emargination in front, elongated, slender, and simple antennz, unarmed prothorax, pointed tips of the elytra and simple nearly equal sized-legs, with curved tibie, seem to constitute its chief characters. NEMOTRAGUS HELVOLUS. Klug. (Plate 64, fig. 4). N. brunneus punctatus, luteo squamosus, linea longitudinali laterali prothoracis humerisque nudis, antennis pedibusque brunneis. Long. corp. lin. 13, long. antenn. unc. 23. Habitat in Africa meridionali. In Mus. nostr. &c. LAMIA OBESA, Westw. (Plate 64, fig. 5.) L. albida luteo-squamosa, fulvo fuscoque varia, prothorace tuberculis vittaque media utrinque furcata fuscis, lateribus utrinque spina brevi crassa armatis; elytris maculis duabus sub- ovalibus obliquis ante medium pallidis alterisque duabus minoribus mediis fasciisque variis angulatis maculisque duabus subapicalibus fuscis oruatis, facie antennis pedibusque luteis. Long. corp. unc. 13. Lat. elytr. unc. Habitat in Africa meridiouali. This is one of the fine species of insects contained in the collection recently brought to England by Mr. Burke, from the hilly country, lying between 25° and 26° S. lat., and 27° and 28° KE. long., and which, by the kindness of the Earl of Derby has been distributed to the Zoological Society and the British Museum. I am indebted to Mr. Melly for the opportunity of figuring the species, he having sent it to me on its first arrival in this country. The plant represented in this plate is the Iris viscarea of Thunberg, found in the sandy spots of Saldanha Bay, near the Cape of Good Hope. 59 ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE, NOTICES OF NEW WORKS. &c. (No. XVI.) CaTALoG DER Ka@FrerR-SAMLUNG von JacoB Sturm. Nuremburg, 1843. With 6 coloured copper-plates. 8vo, 386 pages. We have here an imitation of the Catalogue of Dejean’s Collec- tion of Coleopterous insects, with, however, occasional references to figures and synonymes. There is, however, a vast difference in the amount of species of the two collections, and consequently in the comparative usefulness of the two catalogues. Dejean’s last edition contained considerably more than 20,000 species, whereas Sturm gives but 13,266. In many of the more interesting groups, the poverty of the latter list is very striking: thus, there is only 1 species of Oxycheila, 1 Dromica, 2 Therates, 1 Casnonia, 4 Panageei, 2 Rhipicerze, 1 Callirhipis, 3 Goliathi (micans, japonicus, and Hépfneri), 2 Paussi. The catalogue is, as may be easily sup- posed, strongest in European and Brazilian species. An appendix contains descriptions and figures (beautifully drawn, engraved, and coloured) of the following insects :—Three new Brazilian species of Lia (a genus allied to Lebia) ; Axinidium africanum, St., a new genus, referred to the Scaritidze, but having more of the habit of Stomis and Miscodera, with long toothless mandibles, long slender maxille, with the hook not articulated (judging from the figure, for the description is silent as to this character), maxillary palpi strongly securiform, labial palpi slender and filiform, mentum coni- cally produced in the centre, fore tibiz not externally dentated (but with the deep notch and spur on the inside) ; the species is 4 lines long, black, smooth, with red antennze, palpi, and feet, the elytra smooth, each having three deep punctures. Julodes Rothii, St., from Jerusalem; Lycus appendiculatus, St., from Senegal, allied to L. foliaceus, Sch.; Hydrophilus substriatus, St., from the neigh- bourhood of Cassel; 3 Mexican species of Phanzeus; Scarabzeus Petiveri, Erichs. (Dejeanii Buq., Golofa Porteri Hope); 7 Mexican species of Pelidnota; Amphicoma Papaveris, from Jerusalem ; Chiasognathus Grantii, d and 2 (two brilliant figures) ; Rysso- notus nebulosus, Kirby ; Lucanus turcicus, from Constantinople ; with 6 plates in the club of the antenne; my Xyphodontus 60 ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE. Antilope, from Caffraria, under the name of Corypticus capensis, Dej.; Xopherus variolosus, from Mexico; Amycteres paradoxus, from New Holland, allied to Cureulio mirabilis, K.; Tachyopus (Tachygonus, Dej.) Lecontei, a curious little weevil from South Carolina ; Purpuricenus Dalmatinus, St., from Dalmatia; Ozodes Mexicanus; Dorcadion tomentosum, from Nauplia; Saperda Greeca ; Mesophalacrus Spinole, from New Holland, an interesting genus, allied to Sagra and Donacia, already previously figured in Griffith’s Animal Kingdom, Insects, pl. 67, fig. 2, under the incor- rect name of Carpophagus Banksii; and also in the third part of Mr. Hope’s Coleopterist’s Manual, pl. 2, fig. 6; where the name of Mecynodera picta is given to it ; and Platyauchenia limbata, anew genus from Brazil, allied to Alurnus. These descriptions and figures constitute, in fact, the only valuable part of the work; for if the possessor of every second- rate collection of Coleoptera, like that of the author, were to undertake such a catalogue as this, giving names only, without descriptions, to hundreds of new species, already, perhaps, named in Dejean’s Catalogue, what endless confusion in the nomenclature of the order! How much better would it be to undertake but a single family at a time, describing all the new species in it? Mr. Hope has set the example, in publishing such a catalogue of portions of the Hemiptera, and proposes, on his return from Italy, to follow the same plan in another very extensive tribe. CONSIDERAZIONE SOPRA I COSTUMI DEGL’ IMENOTTERI DEL G. Srrex, FAB., E sopra il miglior posto dei Sireciti nel metodo razionale. Memoria del Marchese MASSIMILIANO SPINOLA. Genova, 1843. In this memoir, the Marquis of Spinola, after stating the general opinion amongst naturalists, that the Siricidze in their larva-state are wood-feeders, and more especially mentioning the researches of Rosel von Rosenhoff, Jurine, Hartig, and Sells,* which supports that opinion, takes up the observation of Saint Fargeau, pub- lished in the Encyclopédie Méthodique+, in which the parasitism of that group was first asserted, and mentions, in support of it, that he received in 1841, from the Marquis Carlo Durazzo, a specimen of Sirex Gigas, inscribed, ‘‘ Parasita in larva di Far- * Proceedings of Entomological Society of London, May, 1838. 7 Vol. x., p. 770, M. Saint Fargeau has again insisted on his view of the habits of the genus, in his Hist. Nat. Hyménopt., i. p. 5, note 3. ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE. 61 falle”’—parasitic in the larva of a butterfly—that Signor Franchi had informed him that he had reared another from the larva of Papilio Machaon ; adding, in asupplementary note, that Signor G. B. Villa at Milan possessed a specimen of a Sirex, which he assured. him, ‘“‘era pure sortita dalla larva di un Papilio, sotto ai di lui occhie nel di lui gabinetto.” Upon these statements, the author proposes a fresh modification of the classification of the Hymen- optera, in order to make it accord with their supposed parasitic habits. Having entered into the question of the habits of this family at considerable length, in the 2nd volume of my Introduction to the Modern Classification of Insects,* where I have represented the various parts of the mouth of the Larva, I shall only observe that the numberless instances on record of species of this genus making their appearance out of the wooden flooring of newly-built houses,+ quite overturns the statements of their being parasitic in the bodies of the caterpillars of butterflies; whilst the structure of the mandibles of the larvee of Sirex, eminently fits them for gnawing through hard substances, and that the mandibles of Parasitic Hymenopterous larvee are entirely of a different construction. Comp. figures, 70, 3, 4, (vol. ii. p. 94), 72, 20, (p. 115), and 76 15 (p. 140 of the 2nd volume of my work abovementioned). OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA I CARATTERI NATURALI, DI TRE FAMIGLIE D’ INSETTI IMENOTTERI ; cioé, le VESPARIE, le MASARIDE, e le CRistpIpE. Memoria del Marchese MAssiIMILIANO Spinola. Genova, 1843. Commencine with the axiom, that ‘i migliori caratteri entomo- logici sono somministrati dalle forme esterne, e che le migliori forme sono quelle che mettono in evidenza la miglior legge orga- nica,” the author has in this memoir entered into a profound revision of the physiological peculiarities of the chief hymeno- pterous groups, of which it is impossible to give an abstract ; but of which the summary is contained “nel quadro sinottico che segue ” :— * Vol. ii. p. 117 and seq. t The author gets over this difficulty by supposing that: they are ordinarily parasitic upon wood-boring larve of Coleoptera, and only occasionally so in Lepidopterous larve; but, in those parts of England where the Siricidee occur, we have not any xylophagous larve fitted for the Siricidze to exercise their parasitism upon. 62 ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE. Legge organica. Carattere esterno. Famiglie. 1. Aventi la facolta di muo- vere a piacimento il loro abdome, senza avere da muovere previa- mente le loro ale. Ale piegate longitudinalmente nel riposo, colla costa della piega- > 1. Vesparie. uke paralella all’ asse del corpo. ) ; Dui Naame la tbeacalee: prece- { 1. Il carattere della famiglia} dente e di piu, quella di con- | precedente. : x 2. Il metatorace dilatato late- Ta ee ues at a ralmente ed iscavato inferiora- +2. Masaride. ae mente a segno che ogni cavita corpo arrivi al contatto dell’ estre- g soe Cate ae ; possa dar ricetto ai due piedi mita anteriore. \ posteriori del medesimo lato. J 3. Aventi la seconda facolta Tl secondo soltanto dei due ma sprovvisti della prima. caratteri precedenti, i 3. Crisidide. ( Tutte le famiglie 4, Privi dell’ unae dell’ altrafacolt8 . . «© . is aban hce cal IMENOTTERI PEDONCULIVENTRI. oS template nel pre- sente discorso. MonocRAPHI£ DER FAMILIEN DER PFLANZENLAUSE (PHYTOPHTHIRES). Von J. H. KatrenspacuH. Aachen, 1843. 8vo. 222 pp., and one plate. It is rather remarkable that, whilst the extraordinary physio- logical peculiarities exhibited by the Aphides, in respect to their modes of reproduction, have attracted the notice of every Natur- alist, so few attempts have been made to describe the very numerous species of which the family consists. It is true, nume- rous species are indicated by Linnzeus, Fabricius, and others, but, with scarcely any other description than that of the name of the plant on which they are found. In our own country, many species were well figured by Harris, long ago, in his ‘‘ Exposition of English Insects,” and a most extensive series of species, together with the plants which they attack, was formed by Mr. Haworth, who was induced to place them in Mr. Donovan’s hands, with the view to their publication with figures; the latter author giving up to Mr. Haworth, in return, a unique specimen of the splendid Indian grasshopper, since published by Donovan, under the name of Gryllus Donovani, in the Naturalist’s Repository. Unfortu- nately, the latter never proceeded with the contemplated work : the collection, formed with so much care, was returned, half-eaten by mites, to Mr. Haworth, and at the sale of his collection, it fetched the price of one shilling ! On the Continent, the works of Hausmann,* Kyber,+ Schrank, * Tliger’s Mag., vol. i. tT Germar’s Mag., vol. i. i Fauna Boica. ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE. 63 Burmeister,* Zetterstedt,+ Wan Heyden,{ and especially of Dr. Th. Hartig,§ have, by degrees, contributed considerable materials towards the knowledge and classification of these insects, and we have now a volume upon the family, from the pen of M. Kaltenbach, of Aix-la-Chapelle. An introduction of 40 pages gives a general account of the structure, physiology, and habits of these insects; which, accord- ing to their mode of generation, form three principal groups. 1. Vivi-oviparous (G. Aphis and Lachnus). 2. Oviparous (G. Chermes, Phylloxera Vacuna ?) 3. Viviparous (G. Tetraneura, Pemphigus, Schizoneura, and probably the underground genera Forda, Rhizobius, Paracletus, and Trama). These genera are characterised in the following tabular distribu- tion :— 1. Abtheilung. Winged species, Blattlause. Fore-wings with a biramos ecubitus : Antenne 7-jointed, long : ‘ : ° : . 1G. Aphis. ce 6-jointed, short 5 : : ; Sene2 Ge bachnus: Fore-wings with a 1-ramose cubitus : Antenne 6-jointed, &c. 6 A : ¢ 6 . 3 G. Schizoneura. % 5-jointed, &c. - 5 - ‘ : ee 4 Geavacunas Fore-wings with a simple cubitus. Fore-wings with 4 oblique veins, antenne 6-jointed. Hind-wings with 2 oblique veins . 5 = , . 5 Pemphigus. ce with 1 oblique vein S . : - . 6 Tetraneura. Fore-wings with 3 oblique veins, Xe. : Antenne 5-jointed, &. : ° . 5 - 7G. Chermes. C3 3-jointed, &e. . : > 5 - - . 8 Phylloxera. 2. Abtheilung. Wingless subterranean species, Hyponomeutes. Antenne 6-jointed. Last om of antenne thick, longer than the preceding . 9G. Rhizobius. se piendee shorter ss - . 10G. Forda. Antenne 7-jointed, last joint very small : ee tarsi long and jointless 5 . . 3 LG. Urama: a two-jointed : : . - » 12G. Paracletus. Of the genus Aphis L. 119 Species are described : ce Lachnus, Ill. 13 species. - (Aphis Querctis, Linn., A. Roboris, Linn. &c. G. Cinara, Curtis). Schizoneura, Hart. 6 species Aphis lanigera, Ulmi, &c.) << Vacuna, Van Heyd. 2 species . (A. dryophila, Schk. and a n. ap.) & Pemphigus ||, Hart., 7 species . (A. bursarius, L. &c.) “ Tetraneura, Hart., 1 species . (A. Ulmi Degeer). 6 Chermes], Linn., 4 species . . (Ch. Abietis, Linn, &c.) * Handb. d. Ent., vol. ii. + Insecta Lapponica. + In Museum Seckenb. § In Germar’s Zeitschrift, vol. iii. || The name of Brysocrypta Haliday (Westw. Gen. Synopsis, Brit. Ins., p. 118), must be retained for this genus. 4 I consider that the name, Adelges Vallot, ought to be given to this genus. 64 ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE, Of the genus Phylloxera, B. de F., 1 species . (Vac. coccinea, Van Heyd. P. Quercus, B. de F.) cc Rhizobius, Burm., 3 species - (Rh. Piloselle Burm. &c.) os Forda, Van Heyd., 1 species . . (F. formicaria). ce Trama, Van H., 1 species. . (T. troglodytes, Van H.) 42 Paracletus, Van H., 1 species. . (P. cimiciformis, Van H.) The genus Atheroides Haliday* appears to be unknown to the continental authors, whilst the generic name Eriosoma, Leach, (Myzoxyle Blot.) must take place of that of Pemphigus, and be restricted to such species as differ from A. bursarius. In like manner, my generic name Thelaxes is synonymous with Vacuna, as restricted by Kaltenbach, Th. Quercicola, W., being, most pro- bably, V. dryophila, Van H.; Vacuna coccinea, V. H. being removed to the genus Phylloxera Fonse. A double index, first of the insects, and second of the various plants attacked by them, terminates the work. Spécies ET IcoNOGRAPHIE GENERIQUE DES ANIMAUX ARTICULES; ou Représentation des Genres avec leur description, et celles de toutes les Espéces de cette grande Division du Régne Animal: ouvrage formant une série de Monographies complétes. Par M. F. E.Guérin-MENeEvILLE. 8yo. Paris, 1843. Livraisons 1 et 2. Tue work of which I have given the title at full length above, promises to be of the greatest service to entomologists. The extensive collections in Paris opened to the author’s researches, his own excellent cabinet, library, and folios of drawings, are all laid under contribution to perfect this work, which has been so long announced, and so much longer the object of the author’s attention. Instead of commencing the Coleoptera with the Cicindelide and Carabidez, the author has undertaken’ the illustration of the less known group of Cebrionide and allied genera; and we have, in the two livraisons now published, excellent illustrations and descrip- tions of the following genera and species:—Rhipicera, 11 sp.; Sandalus, 5 sp.; Scirtes, 16 sp.; Eucinetus, 2 sp.; Ptyocerus, 4 sp.; Selasia, 3 sp.; Chameripis, 1 sp.; and Basodonta, 1 sp. Each genus is represented with its details in a separate plate, drawn with all the skill of its excellent author. * Westw. Gen. Syn., p. 118. PLATE LXV. ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME GENERA OF FOSSORIAL HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS, BELONGING TO THE FAMILY SPHEGID. Tue curious genus Chlorion of Latreille, (Ampulex Jurine) hay- ing been raised by Shuckard* and Dahlbom + to the rank of a family, distinct from the Sphegidze, it becomes interesting to examine its precise structure, as well as that of some new forms closely allied to it; in order to discover the propriety of such a step. In the third volume of the Transactions of the Entomologi- eal Society, I established two new genera, bearing such a relation- ship; but, it happened, that at that period I was acquainted only with one sex of each of them. Having since become acquainted with the opposite sexes of each, and having likewise observed in the Collection of the British Museum another undescribed form, I have in the accompanying plate completed my illustrations of these groups, by figuring the sexes hitherto wanting, as well as numerous details of the genus Chlorion itself, together with a new and beautiful species of that genus from the Collection of W. Burchell, Esq. Genus.—CHLORION, Latreille.t (AMPULEX Jurine.) CHLORION PURPUREUM, Westw. (Plate 65, fig. 1.) C. lete purpureum, valde punctatum, mesonoto obscuriore, metanoto transverse striato, carinis- que novem (2da et 3tia utrinque a medio discretis) antennis clypeo tibiis tarsisque nigris ; alis anticis fuscis fascia lata pone medium alisque posticis sub-hyalinis ; abdomine postice minus compresso quam in A. compressiventre Guer.; collare postice tuberculo elevato instructo ; mandibnlis nigris apice piceis; tarsorum articulo penultimo minori quam in congeneribus, articulo basali antennarum subtus rufescenti. 9 Long. corp. @ lin. 7. Expans. alar. lin. 83. Habitat in Africa Australiori, D. Burchell. In addition to this species and the original type of the genus Chlorion compressum, the following species have been recently described and figured. Species 3.—CHLORION CYANIPES, Westw. (In Trans. Ent. Soc. 3, p. 230.) From the Cape of Good Hope. * Cabinet Cyclop. Nat. Hist. Ins. p. 180. See my observations hereon in Trans. Ent. Soc. 3, p. 230, note *. - + Hymenoptera Europea. Lund. 1843, p. 29: in which excellent work the genus Dolichurus is removed to the family Pompilidze, whilst in his previous § Dispositio methodica’, Part 1, Lund. 1842, he has placed Ampulex and Dolichurus together as the first section A. of Pompilidee. ¢ Sce Trans. Ent. Soc. vol. 3, p. 227, for the reasons which induce me to regard the Sphex compressa as the true type of the genus Chlorion, NO, XVII.—Il1s¢ JANUARY, 1844. E 66 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME GENERA OF Specirs 4.—CHLORION (AMPULEX) ANGUSTICOLLE, Spinola. (In Ann. Soc. Ent. de France 1841, p. 108*.) From Cayenne. Sercies 5.—CHLORION (AMPULEX) ASNEUM, Spinola. (In Op. cit. p. 110.) From the coast of Malabar. Species 6.—CHLORION (AMPULEX) COMPRESSIVENTRE, Guérin. (Icon. R. An. Ins., pl. 70, fig. 4.) Specirs 7.—CHLORION GUERINI, Dahlbom. (Hym. Europ. p. 29.) The following is the description of the figures illustrating the structure of the insects of this genus, taken from C. compressum. Fig.2 a is the head of the male, with the mandibles removed, showing its clypeus to be less porrected than in the female (fig. 2d.) Fig. 26 represents the labrum detached, and 2 c the mandible of the male, with a strong tooth on the inside below the apex. Fig. 2 d is the head of the female, with the mandibles and base of the antenna; the former with the inner edge slightly pro- duced below the apex. Fig. 2 e is the maxilla; 2 f the mentum and labial palpus, seen from beneath; and 2g the same seen late- rally, this figure showing the inflected lobes of the labium. 2 h represents the apical portion of the tarsi, showing the lobed penul- timate jomt and bifid ungues. Genus TRIROGMA, Westw. (Trans. Ent. Soc., vol. iii. p. 223.) Hoe genus olim ex individuo unico maris conditum, nune characteribus utriusque sexs con- firmatum. Corpus subelongatum punctatum, abdomine ¢. tamen Ilevissimo, ceruleo-nitidum, et ‘pilis longis griseis undique villosum. Caput antice clypeo parum producto subdeclivi (fig. 4a) tuberculoque inter partem inferiorem oculorum armato, in’quo insident ant¢nne. Oculi magni laterales margine antico parum emarginato. Ocelli 3, in triangulum dis- positi. Antenne in utroque sexu longe graciles, ¢ filiformes, 9 ad apicem attenuate, his subconvolutis. Labrum minutissimum exsertum obovatum depressum mem- branaceum. Mandibule ¢ valide curvate apice acute intus dente latissimo (angulo basali valde prominenti et acuto) : 2 multo angustiores, pone medium marginis interni denticulis tribus parvis instruct. Palpi maxillares mediocres articulo 1mo minuto 2bus proximis majoribus, ultimis tribus elongatis et gracilioribus. Palpi labiales 4-articulati articulo basali longiori, 2ndo breviori. Thorax oblongo-ovatus; |, collare mesothorace multo angustius antice angustum lateribus rotundatis, supra impressione longitudinali in lobos duos supra angulatos divisum; metathorax subconicus lateribus subangulatis discoque carinis obliquis notato. Ale antice cellula unica marginali, ad apicem haud appendiculata 5 tribusque completis, cum quarta inchoata submarginalibus, harum cellula 1ma elongata accipit versus apicem venam primam recurrentem, cellula 2da minori subtriangulari accipit pone medium venam 2m. recurrentem. Pedes graciles femoribus ad basin clavatis, tarsis longis gracilibus articulo 4to simplici, unguibus bifidis terminato. Tibie anticee 9 fere inermes, setis minutis instructee, caleari majori intus lata bipartita instruete (fig. 46). Tarsi antici Q spinulis ad apicem articulorum tantum (fig. 4 c) setisque rigidis minutis subtus instructis. Tibie 4 postice etiam fere inermes, bicalcaratze, tarsisque eodem modo armatis. Abdomen ¢ breviter petiolatum, 3-annu- * This species is a native of Cayenne, being the only instance I am hitherto acquainted with, of the occurrence of any species of this or the allied genera, in South America ; if, indeed we except Perty’s genus, Trigonopsis, which will, I think, be found to be closely allied to them. FOSSORIAL HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS. 67 latum, punctatum, segmentis postice parum coarctatis intermedio majori; 9 6 annulatum, 3bus ultimis minutis. Obs.—Descriptionem fusiorem maris in opere citato invenies. Species unica.—Trirocma Camruies. (Plate 65, fig. 4.) 2. T. cerulea punctata griseo-villosa, antennis tibiis tarsisque nigris, alis hyalinis stigmate venisque nigris, metathorace utrinque supra linea elevata areaque media basali notato. Long. corp. lin. 64—9. Expans. alar. lin. 9$—13. Habitat in partibus medianis et septentrionalibus Indie Orientalis. In Mus. Hearsey et Saunders. Syn.—Trirogma cerulea, Westw., Trans. Ent. Soc. iii., p. 225. Plate 12, fig. 3 ¢. Several specimens of this interesting insect, which is intermediate between Chlorion (Ampulex) and Dolichurus, captured by my friend, Colonel Hearsey, in Central India, have enabled me to complete the characters of the genus which I established for its reception in the Transactions of the Entomological Society. APHELOTOMA, Westw. (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., Vol. iii. p. 225.) Hoc genus olim ex individuis feminis tantum descriptum nunc characteribus utriusque sexus confirmatum. Caput latum facie depressa antice parum producta, haud tuberculata (fig, 3 @). Mandibule 4 curvate, et interne ante apicem dente acuto armate (fig. 36); 2 crasse versus basin subito constrict apice acute, dente interno parvo acuto armatee. Palpi maxillares 6-articulati articulis duobus basalibus brevibus fere equalibus, 3tio paullo longiori et crassiori, reliquis 3bus fere equalibus sensim gracilioribus. Palpi labiales 4-articulati fere filiformes articulo basali longiori, reliquis subeequalibus. Antennz breviores sub- filiformes, in tuberculo haud insidentes; articulo lmo longo ; 3tio longissimo. Collare subconicum dorso in medio plano. Metathorax supra planiusculus carinis duabus elevatis lateralibus, dorsoque lineis circiter 10 irregularibus longitudinalibus, elevatis striis trans- versis connexis. Abdomen ¢ thorace multo minus, quasi 6-annulatum, segmentis 3bus ultimis vero minutissimis ; © longius apice conico, segmentis 3bus basalibus magnis, 4to minori reliquis minutis ; segmentis duobus basalibus in utroque sexu nitidis levissimis, reliquis quasi sericeis et obscurioribus. Ale breves, antice cellula unica marginali, apice haud appendiculata, cellulis quatuor submarginalibus ; lma majori, (in medio ad apicem appendiculata) venam primam recurrentem excipiente; 2da parva antice attenuata; 3tia subquadrata venam recurrentem 2dam versus basin excipiente ; 4ta ad apicem ale currente. Pedes ¥Y elongati omnino inermes et ciliis destituti. Tarsorum articulus penultimus simplex (fig. 3 ¢) ungues in medio subtus dente parvo instructi. Species unica.—Apuetoroma Tasmanica. (Plate 65, fig. 3 ¢.) A. nigra pedibus rufis alis fuscis, anticis fascia media alba. Long. corp. lin. 4—43. Expans. alar. lin. 6. Habitat in Terra Van Diemenii. ¢ In Mus. nostr, Commun. Dom. Ewing, and ¢ in Mus. W. W. Saunders, F.L.S. Syn.— A phelotoma Tasmanica,, Westw. Op. Cit. p. 226, pl. xii. fig. 4 9. ¢. Mandibule rufee extremo apice nigro. Antenne rufe articulis 6 ultimis nigris; pedes rufi coxis trochanteribus, et basi femorum presertim in anticis nigris. Q Mandibule nigre apice picew, antenne nigre articuli 4ti apice, 5to toto, et 6te fere toto rufescentibus. Pedes cum coxis omnino rufis. Obs.—Descriptionem fusiorem hujus sextis invenies in opere citato. F 2 68 ILLUSTRATIONS OF FOSSORIAL HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS. RHINOPSIS, Westwood. Genus novum, e Georgia Americe septentrionalis ; Chlorioni affine at venis alarum anti- carum distinctum. Caput depressum, clypeo attenuato. Mandibule 9 integre falcatee ; antenne sat longe graciles, articulo 3tio longo graciliori. Collare triangulare in lobos duos linea impressa longitudinali divisum. Metathorax costatus et transversaliter striatus. Petiolus abdominis longior quam in Chlorionibus veris. Abdomen segmento 2ndo maximo. Pedes longi graciles simplices tarsorum articulo 4to brevissimo at subtus bilobo ; ungues subtus in medio dente instructi. Ale breves antic cellula unica marginali, ad apicem parum appendiculata; duabus completis 3tiaque inchoata submarginalibus harum prima longa accipit venam lam recurrentem, 2da subquadrata accipit venam 2dam recur- rentem, 3tia apicem ale haud attingit. Species unica. Rurnopsis Aspottu, Westw. (Plate’65, fig. 5” 9.) Rh. nigra pedibus piceis tarsis pallidioribus ; mandibulis pallide piceis ; alis hyalinis fascia lata fusca ante alteraque pone medium fuscis. Long. corp. lin. 4. Expans alar. lin. 4. Habitat in Georgia Americe Sept. D. Abbott. In Mus. Britan. 9. Obs.—The unique specimen of this insect in the British Museum collection, is without any indication of locality. My authority for giving it as a native of Georgia, in America, is Abbott’s collection of drawings in the British Museum ; in the twelfth volume of which it is carefully figured, under the number xxx 95, and where it is stated to have been taken on the 20th April, in oak woods, but that it is very rare. . The plant represented in the plate is the Australian Templetonia glauca. ~ ind 69 PLATE LXVI. ILLUSTRATIONS OF TWO HITHERTO UNFIGURED SUPPOSED SPECIES OF THE GENUS PAPILIO. —— PAPILIO ASTORION, (Plate 66, fig. sup.) P. alis elongatis valde angustis, posticis subsinuatis ecaudatis ; omnibus cyaneo-nigris immacu- latis ; anticarum dimidio apicali subtus obscuré griseo-nigricanti venis strigisque inter- mediis nigris, capite antice cum lateribus collaris, thoracis marginibusque posticis segmen- torum ventralium abdominalium sanguineis ¢. Expans. alar. unc. 4%, 5. Habitat. Sylhet Ind. Orient. In Mus. Soc. Ent. Lond. et Doubleday. Syvn.—P. Astorion, Westw. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1842. p. 37. PAPILIO CHARA. (Plate 66, fig. inf.) P. alis anticis latis apice rotundatis, anticis basi nigris apice sensim infuscatis anguloque anali albido, venis strigisque intermediis nigris, alis posticis cyaneo-nigris margine sinuatis ecaudatis, capite antice et lateribus collaris thoracis et abdominis sanguineis nigro macu- latis $. An femina precedentis. Expans. alar. une. 54. Habitat Sylhet. Ind. Or. In Mus. Brit. et Doubleday. Syn.— Papilio Chara, Westw. in Aun. Nat. Hist. 1842, p. 37. Papilio Varuna, White in Entomol. p. 280. In assigning to this supposed species the name of P. Chara, I desired to show its possible relation as the opposite sex to P. Astorion.* Their specific identity can at present, however, be only conjectured. Should they ultimately prove to be so, it will be in accordance with the ordinary practice, to retain the name of the male as that of the species. The plant represented in the plate, is the Nepalese Hedychium coronarium Koen. “ Next to that Book which shows to guilty man How he through mercy infinite, may gain More than he lost in Eden, I do rank, And justly so, sweet Nature's varied lore, For well it records many a glorious truth Which in that better record stands revealed. The furious hurricane that rends the heavens And makes the scared and desolated earth * These are the names of the hounds of Bootes, 70 Reel like a drunkard ; the resistless flood, The barren waste; nay, e’en the very thorn Which wounds our finger when we pluck the flower, And noxious weed that mocks the hope of toil, Do all attest one truth, man’s foul revolt. The changing seasons, winter’s death-like reign So soon succeeded by the bloom of Spring, What are they but the types of man’s decease, And resurrection? The blithe birds which perch Beneath our cottage eaves, the smiling flowers Which decorate the hedge-row and the mead, Do they not mind us to repose our trust On Him who feeds and clothes them day by day ?” What says the lip of Wisdom? “ Mark the fowls, Which neither sow, nor reap, nor store in barns, And yet your heavenly Father feedeth them. Consider too, the lilies how they grow, They neither toil, nor spin, and yet I say, That Solomon in all his glorious pomp Was not arrayed like these. Wherefore, if Gop Thus clothes the grass, so soon to pass away, And feed the fowls of Heaven: Shall He not then Much rather for your daily wants provide ? O ye of little faith!” RECOLLECTIONS OF THE Lakes. 71 PLATE LXVII. ILLUSTRATIONS OF TWO NEW GOLIATH BEETLES. oe, Famity.—_ CETONIID A. Sus-ramity-—GOLIATHIDES. Genus.—CERATORHINA. Sus-cenus Novum.—AMAURODES, Westw. CERATORHINA (AMAURODES) PASSERINII (MELLY’S MSS.) (Plate 67, fig. 1.) Tue insect here represented belongs to that section of the genus Ceratorhina, which has the anterior tibize of the males denticulated only on the inner edge (see vol. i., p. 171). As it differs from the Dicronorhine in the form of the horn of the head, and from the Eudicellz in its obscure colours, I have considered it as a distinct sub-genus, which evidently leads to Cheirolasia. I regret that I am able to give no account of the structure of the female, nor of the formation of the maxille, my figures being copied from a drawing by Signor Passerini, kindly forwarded to me by A. Melly, Ksq., for publication in this work. Char. Subgener. Tibie ¢ antice intus denticulate extus inermes. Tibize 4-posticee extus inermes. Clypeus ¢ in cornu furcatum porrectus. Corpus obscurum, nec metallicum (sericeum ?); elytris maculis numerosis pallidis distinctum. Pedes antici longiores. Elytra ad apicem suture sub-bi-spinosa. Tibiw 2 posticw intus ad basin setose. ¢ ignota. Char. Specif. Nigra opaca, prothorace albido, linea tenui marginali, altera latiori mediana punctisque duobus rotundatis nigris ; elytris tricostatis maculisque 16-fulvis forma et magnitudine subequalibus ornatis ; tarsorum articulis tribus ultimis in pedibus duobus posticis fulvis, unguibus apicibusque nigris. Long. corp. lin. 17 2. Habitat Mozambique. Fig. 1, the insect of the natural size; 1 a, the same seen late- rally; 1 6, the underside of the head; 1c, the mentum and base of the head and maxille ; 1 d, the sternum and base of the middle feet. ASTHENORHINA, Westw. Caput maris inerme clypeo parum emarginato. Mandibule margine externo recto (fig. 2 @). Maxille lobo apicali porrecto acuto apice curvato, dense penicillato, lobo interno inermi (fig. 25). Mentum apice laté et profunde incisum (fig. 2 ¢). Prothorax lateribus in medio valde angulatis, et pone medium fere rectis et parallelis. Elytra apice integra. Femora antica crassa, apice interne bidentata. Tibi antic intus inermes recte extus pone medium dente rudimentali instructe. Tibie 4-postice pone medium externe inermes interne ad apicem emarginatee et setosze. Corpus supra opacum subtus nitidum, Sternum vix porrectum (fig. 2d, 2 e). 72 ILLUSTRATIONS OF TWO NEW GOLIATH BEETLES. The size of the fore-feet removes this genus from the Heterorhine, whilst it appears to make the nearest approach to Tmesorrhina and Aphelorrhina, vol. 1, p. 181. The name which I proposed for this genus is derived from the Greek, and like those of most of the other groups in this tribe of beetles refers to the form of the elypeus, which in this group is unarmed. Species unica.—Asthenorhina Turneri. (Plate 67, fig. 2, 3.) P. viridis supra opacus interdum fulvo tinctus, elytris parum costatis interdum luteis, fascia longitudinali ex humeris ad tuberculum subapicale extensa viride, sutura nitida, pedibus cupreo plus minusve tinctis, antennis tarsisque nigris ; thorace subtus lateribus albido setosis. Long. corp. lin. 10. Habitat Africa Tropicali, Ashantee. In Mus. D. Turner. I am indebted to J. A. Turner, Esq., of Manchester, for an opportunity of adding this interesting species to the list of African Goliath beetles. The kindness of this gentleman, in submitting a considerable number of his rarest insects to the examination of Dr. Burmeister and myself, amply merits the triflmg compliment I offer to him in affixing his name to this species. The plant represented in the plate is the Grewia pubescens of Palisot de Beauvois, ; 2" ’ oa ” 73 PLATE LXVIII. MONOGRAPH OF THE COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID. —— (Part III.) Tue insects belonging to this curious family, which remain to be described in the present monograph, are distinguished from all those described in the two preceding papers (except Hylotorus Bucephalus) by apparently possessing only two distinct joints in the antennz ; the second of which is very large and irregular in its construction, occasionally exhibiting the appearance of constric- tions, apparently indicating the situation of articulations. This is the case, for example, in a transverse impression near the base of the great joint, m the species figured in the upper part of the accompanying plate, as well as in Platyrhopalus aplustrifer ; whilst the indentations along tne hinder margin of the same joint, in some of the species of Paussus, may also, perhaps, be considered as indicating the same rudimental articulation. From Hylotorus, the species remaining to be described are distinguished by the possession of a narrow contraction of the head behind the eyes, forming a kind of neck, and by the want of the two ocelli, or ocelli-like tubercles, on the crown of the head. These species, from the construction of the labial palpi, form two generic groups: one (containing the old types of the genus, and therefore retaming the old generic name, Paussus) having the terminal joint of the labial palpi very long and slender, and the two basal joimts small; and the other having the two terminal joints of equal length, and generally possessing a large, broad, and subdepressed club to the antennee, whence, upon the separation of this group from the former, m my paper in the Linnean Trans- actions, I applied to it the generic name of Platyrhopalus. It is to this genus that our attention is now to be directed. PLATYRHOPALUS, Westw. (Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond, voL 16, p. 654.) Corpus depressum. Capué thorace minus, porrectum subquadratum, postice in collum breve contractum. Oculi magni prominuli laterales. Labrum sub-semicirculare tenue setis duabus antice instructum (fig. 1 ¢). Mandibule cornex tenuissime valde arcuate apice in dentem acutissimum terminato, interne uni- vel bi-dentatr ; membranaque tenui sub- 74 MONOGRAPH OF THE COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSIDA. rotundata instructe (fig. 1 a). Mazille parvee lobo basali crustaceo, processu terminali vel interno plano acuto corneo valde compresso mandibuliformi laterne interno uni- vel bi-dentato externoque stylo tenui exarticulato instructe (fig. 1 e—1 7). Palpi mazil- lares magni 4-articulati articulo basali brevi, 2ndo maximo apicé interne oblique pro- ducto compresso, 3tio subquadrato, 4to tenuiori subovato. Mentum breve transversum crustaceum, angulis anticis in spinam longam productis, medioque marginis antici sub- rotundé porrecto (fig. prox. 1d). Palpi labiales breves 3-articulati porrecti vel reflexi articulo Imo brevi* duobus ultimis subequalibus, 1mo crassiori, 3tio tenuiori apice acuto. Labiwm subquadratum basi in lobos duos interne connexos (palpos gerentes) constructum, f margine antico integro, angulis anticis rotundatis. Antenne magne articulis quasi duobus, priori minori compresso, apice obliqué marginato, angulo interiori supra producto feré conico; tunc articulus? parvus subglobosus emarginature prioris immersus : cui insidet articulus ultimus maximus subplanus valde depressus et inferiori subtransversé impositus; margine omni compresso acuto basi truncatus et externe incisus vel dentatus: etiam juxta basin superné transversim impressus (articulorum divisionem referens); nec basi uncinatus. Thorax planus brevis transversus latior, lateribus anticis rotundatis. Elytra thorace multo latiora, postice subtruncata oblongo- quadrata depressa angulis posticis externe tuberculo ordinario instructis. Pedes brevi- usculi crassi, ¢ibiis dilatatis, calcaribus duobus, ad apicem armatis, angulis externis apicalibus acutis. T'arst breves, 5 articulati, articulis tribus basalibus compressis intus pilosis, 4to minutot; 5toque tenui longiori levi cylindrico, unguibus duobus acutis instructi. Al@ ut in, Paussis. Abdomen elytris paullo longius, 4-articulatum articulis duobus intermediis brevissimis ||. The insects of the present genus appear to be intermediate between those species of Paussus which have the prothorax not strongly constricted across the centre, and the Cerapteri. In their biarticulate antenne and the formation of their maxillary palpi, they approach the former; and in the general habit of their bodies, as well as in the formation of the basal jomts of their tarsi, and in the tendency to articulation exhibited in the clava of their antenne, they approximate to Cerapterus, Platyrhopalus angustus, and the two species which, in the Linnzean Transactions, I described under the names of “ Platyrhopalus? levifrons” and ‘‘ Platyrhopalus ? dentifrons,” (but which I now find, by an examination of their trophi, to be species of Paussus,) serve to prove the former relation- ship, whilst Platyrhopalus Melleii sufficiently attests the latter. In a preceding article (pp. 1O—12) I have quoted some observa- tions by Dr. Burmeister, upon the construction of the wings of * In the Linnzan Transactions (xvi. 655), and ante p. 5, the joints of the labial palpi were described as of equal, or nearly equal, length. The present description is made from a very careful recent dissection of P. denticornis compared with the other species. + In the specimen of P. denticornis which I dissected fourteen years ago, the basal portion of the labium seemed more regnlarly divided into two scapes, upon which the palpi are in- serted, than in the specimen of the same insect recently examined. t+ In wy paper in the Linnzan Transactions, I overlooked this minute joint, which, how- ever, I detected in P. Mellii and Westwoodii, Linn. Trans. xvi. p. 684. and Ent. Trans. ii. pl. 10, fig. 42,5, 5d. || Mr. W. W. Saunders’ unique specimen of P. Westwoodii has the appearance of an additional basa! articulation, which led me to figure the abdomen as 5-jointed in the Entomological Transactions. I find, however, the articulation is only apparent, and not real. MONOGRAPH OF THE COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID#. 75 these insects and the relationship which was thereby supposed to be proved to exist between the Paussidz and the Carabidz, as well as the want of relation between the former family and those groups of beetles with which it has been associated by Latreille and other authors, as well as by myself. It is due, however, to Dr. Bur- meister, to observe, that it was not upon this character alone that he was induced to affirm this relationship, having carefully reviewed the entire construction of the Pausside, and more especially in- vestigated the structure of the maxille, considering that ‘le veritable caractére de la bouche @un Coléoptére carnassier est la figure de la machoire et la construction du mando.” The following is Dr. Burmeister’s description of the maxille of Platyrhopalus denticornis :— *“¢ Les machoires ont un pédicule inarticulé cordiforme extérieure- ment corné, mais rempli de muscles charnus dans sa partie intérieure, muscles qui meuvent toute la machoire, et principalement le lobe interne de celle-ci, que j'ai nommé mando ou piéce manduca- teuse, puisqu’elle est la plus broyeuse, si un insecte prend une nourriture dure et non pas fluide. Cette pitce est d’une grandeur fort remarquable dans les Paussidze comme les figures de M. West- wood nous le montrent, et a en général la meme configuration que chez le Platyropalus denticornis. J’ai examiné soigneusement la conjonction de ce mando avec la machoire, et j’ai trouvé quil est fixé A la seconde piece de la machoire, qui forme un petit anneau sur la piece basale ou stipes. Cet anneau, que l’on peut prendre pour le premier article du palpe maxillaire, a dans son c6té interne un petit appendice capituliforme, qui est situé dans une excavation du mando, et fait avec lui une articulation sur laquelle il peut se mouvoir par ses muscles en haut et en bas comme le mouvement broyant lexige. Tout pres, dans l’excavation articulaire du mando, on observe une autre excavation, qui est alongée dans toute sa partie interne et postérieure. Dans cette excavation se fixe un petit style claviforme, qui peut faire avec le mando tous les mouvements quand il est contenu dans le sillon de son coté intérieur. Quand le mando est redressé, ce petit style est caché entre lui et le palpe maxillaire, et c’est pourquoi nous ne voyons pas ce style dans les figures de M. Westwood, excepté dans celle de la machoire du Platyrhopalus Melleii, ou ce style n’est pas seulement inarticulé mais forme un appendice filiforme biarticulé, et tout-a-fait sem- 76 MONOGRAPH OF THE COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID A. blable au palpe maxillaire interne d'un Carabique ou Hydro- canthare. Les autres parties de la machoire forment le palpe maxillaire.” It is due to Dr. Burmeister to state, that the supposed articula- tion of this style in Platyrhopalus Melleii, as figured by me in the Entomological Transactions (vol. x. 1. pl. fig. 4 c) is apparent only and not real; my notes state it to have been a flat slender appen- dage “which was twisted in the middle, but not articulated. In the other maxilla, I did not discover it in this position, but after removing the maxilla, I found it lying loose upon one of the mandibles.” It is the more necessary to make this statement, because Dr. Burmeister, in his comparison of the structure of the Paussidze and Carabidee, has more especially considered this sup- posed biarticulated structure, as well as the equally supposed dilated hood-like form of the labial palpi in Pentaplatarthrus, as precisely analogous to the Carabideous and Cychrideous structure. ‘“*On nyYobjectera,”’ he observes, ‘‘ que le palpe intérieur de Paus- sides est inarticulé, et le palpe des Carabiques biarticulé ; mais j’ai déja montré que quelques genres des Paussides, comme le Platyrho- palus Melleii, Westw. (qui forme un genre particulier et n’est pas un vrai Platyrhopalus) ont des palpes maxillaires internes tri-[bi]-articulés; et l’on voit que ce meme palpe chez le Pentaplatar- thrus Paussoides, d’aprés la figure de M. Westwood, (Linn. Trans. xvi. pl. xxxiii., fig. 7 c) est dilaté en forme de capuchon, et couvre le mando,* comme dans le genre Cychrus, et les congénéres chez les Carabiques.” The interest excited by these singular details led me to reinves- tigate the structure of the trophi of Platyrhopalus denticornis, the result of which is before the student in the lower series of figures in the accompanying Plate; and which differ in several respects from Dr. Burmeister’s descriptions. Without attempting to refer the basal portions of the maxilla marked in this and the other plates of the Paussidee with the marks * and + to the typical structure of the Coleopterous maxilla, I shall merely observe * The part which in Pentaplatarthrus Dr. Burmeister has regarded as a dilated labial palpus, is in fact the real mando; since there is nothing in my figure to which he refers, to indicate a separation between the part which he considers to be the mando, and the basal portion or stipes. Hence two of his proofs of affinity between the Pausside and Carabide are shown to be untenable. MONOGRAPH OF THE COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSIDA. 77 that the external outer horny piece in Platyrhopalus, le, Lf; 1 g, and 1h *, is hollowed out within, being filled with muscle below, and having on its inner face above, a small curved horny piece {, which is Dr. Burmeister’s petit appendice caputiliforme, which is, however, shown in my fig. 1 g, to have no connexion with the basal joint of the maxillary palpi (¢) as Dr. Burmeister describes it ; its use also as a socket or fulcrum for the alternate elevation and depression of the hooked mando, appears to me to be altogether gratuitous ; as, although I endeavoured to move it in all directions (see figures 1h, 17, 14, 12.) I could not find that it even possessed an independent movement. Indeed, I believe Dr. Bur- meister’s figure 10 is composed of this small corneous piece +, and the true mando ; and that his fig. 8a, and the left-hand portion of his figure 10, are the same organs seen in different positions, and that they have no distinct existence in nature. This small piece ‘+, varies in size in the genera of the present family. I find it in Paussus to agree in minuteness with Platyrhopalus. In Cerapterus Hopi (ante, pl. 50, fig. 5 d +) it is much enlarged, and becomes external ; and in Pentaplatarthrus (pl. 58, fig. 2 c) it is very large, assuming the place of the basal part *. The minute exarticulated style appears to be restricted to this genus, it having been only found in P. denticornis and Melleii. It is to Dr. Burmeister that we are indebted for pointing out its analogy with the labial palpi of the Carabideous insects. The four species represented in the accompanying plate are more especially typical of the group; P. Mellei and aplustrifer receding from its general habit, but yet they are not sufficiently distinct to warrant me in separating them generically. P. levifrons and dentifrons, as mentioned above, must now be removed to the genus Paussus. Species IL—PLATYRHOPALUS DENTICORNIS. (Plate 68, fig. 1.) P. sublatus, rufo-castaneus, elytris dorso fusco; sutura late ad basin, maculaque utrinque postica rufo-castaneis, antennarum clava magna latere omni acuto continuo at juxta basin externe incisione parva distincto ; thorace antice utrinque rotundato-dilatato. i 7 j 5 Long. corp. lin. 32, ad lin. 5. Habitat in India Orientali (Bengalia, &c.) In Museo nostro, &c. Syn.— Pausus denticornis, Donov. Epit. Ins. Ind. Pausus, No. 1, tab. 5, fig. 1; Rees Entomol. pl. 8, fig. 10 and 10*; sine descript. (nee Gyllenhal). Platyrhopalus denticornis, Westwood, in Trans. Linn, Soe. vol. xvi. p. 657, tab. 33, fig. 43—48, vol. xix. p, 50; Burmeister, in Guer. Mag. Zool. 1841, Ins. pl. 76, fig. 2, &c ay XC. MONOGRAPH OF THE COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID#. Descr.—Rufo-castaneus, supra subdepressus undique luteo tenuiter pubescens, nitidus sub lente tenuissime punctatus. Caput antice depressum margine antico parum elevato et in medio subemarginato, inter oculos subcanaliculatum canali in parte elevata postica in impressione profundiori terminato . Palpi rufescentes. Antenne rufo-castanee articulo apicali (clavi) maximo, prothorace majori fere ovato, basi tamen subemarginate truncato, supra in disco parum convexo, subtus magis gibboso, margine omni compresso acuto superne juxta basin (et cum eo parallela) impressione transversd, que ad marginem posticum in incisionem parvam et angustam desinit, angulo basali (dentem formante), externe subrotundato; incisione interne tamen fere recta, inde apex dentis snbobtusus apparet. Prothorax brevis transversus basi apiceque truncatus antice multo latior et elevatior, lateribus rotundato-dilatatis juxta vel paulo ante basin, subemarginatis, ibique depressus, et utrinque foved transversa brevi parva. Elytra prothoracis parte antica latiora et illo quadruplo longiora, oblongo-quadrata, basi transversim impresso, rufo- castanea, disco nigro plaga magna subtriangulari basali, sutura maculisque duabus posticis ovalibus relictis rufo-castaneis. Tibi dilatatee compress, angulo externo apicali preser- tim in posticis, acutis, 2-calcaratis. Corpus totum infra rufo-castaneum, segmento anali abdominis margine postico rotundato. Obs.—Fig. 1 represents the insect magnified; 1 a, the antenne of the usual form; 1 J, the antennz of another specimen, in the collection of M. Dupont, where it is incorrectly named by him Pl. Melleii? and which is rather darker than the ordinary specimens, but not otherwise distinct, either in structure or markings. TI presume this difference in the form of the clava of the antenne may be sexual; at all events, I cannot regard it as a specific distinction, unaccompanied by other characters. le represents the labrum, 1 d the mandible, the figure not numbered, to the right of which is the mentum, labial palpi and labium; 1 e the maxilla seen from below; 1 f the same seen more from within the mouth ; 1g the basal portions separated, and basal joints of the palpi; 1 % the maxilla with the palpi entirely removed; 1%, 1k, and UJ, the mando, and its basal piece, and the maxillary palpus seen in different positions; 1 m the extremity of the posterior tibia and tarsus. Fig Species I].—Piatyrnopatus Westwoopi. (Plate 68, fig. 2.) P. latus, rufo-castaneus, elytris plaga magna triangulare ad basin alterisque duabus lateralibus, fascia que tenui irregulari ad apicem nigris ; antennarum clava magna subrotundata mar- gine postico parum undulato, et versus basin late incisa angulo externoacuto. Long. corp. lin. 4. Habitat in India Orientali. Mus. D. W. W. Saunders, F'.L.S., etc. Syn.— Platyrhopalus Westwoodii, Saunders in Trans. Ent. Soc. Vol. ii. p. 84, pl. x., fig. 5. Westwood in Linn. Trans. xix. pl. 51. Preecedenti latior : rufo-castaneus, nitidus sub lente tenuissime luteo setosus et punctatus. Caput antice planum vix emarginatum linea tenuissima impressa e margine antico versus verticem extensa, impressionibus que duabus vix distinctis ad marginem internum oculo- rum ; antennarum clava magna fere rotundata, supra et infra fere eque convexa margine postico parum undulato, et versus basin incisione profundiori et latiori denteque multo acutiori armata. Prothorax postice angustior lineisque tribus transversis vix distinguendis Elytra lata, rufo-castanea ad basin plaga magna communi dilatato-cordata, maculaque magna subtriangulari utrinque, fasciaque tenui irregulari apicali, nigris. Tibi ad api- cem emarginatis in dentem externum acutum terminatee. Podex niger nitidus. Obs.—Fig. 2 a represents the lower parts of the mouth in situ (more correctly than in Trans. Ent. Soc. ii. pl. x., fig. 5a.) 26 the abdomen seen from beneath; and 2¢ the tarsus with the emargination of the apex of the tibia. Species II].—Pxiaryruopatus ancustus. (Plate 68, fig. 3.) P. brunneo-castaneus ; elytris angustioribus, singulo macula magna Jaterali triangulari nigra, antennarum clava magna rotundata, subconvexa margine postico continuo at versus basin late incisa, dente acuto armato. Long. corp. lin, 3. MONOGRAPH OF THE COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID 43. 79 Habitat in India Orientali. Neemuck, D. E. T. Downes. Corpus totum nitidum parce pubescens, rufo-castaneum : caput antice vix emarginatum, linea longitudinali vix impressa verticem fere attingente. _ Antennarum clava prothoracis mag- nitudine margine omni acuto ; externo vero prope basin incisione lata et profunda dente basali acuto. Prothorax capite paullo latior, lateribus antice rotundatis postice paullo angustior (sc. cordato-truncatus) impressione tenui transversa pone medium. Elytra thorace vix dimidio latiora angulis humeralibus prominentibus rotundatis, singulo cum tuberculo ordinario ad angulum posticum externum instructo, rufo-castanea, singulo macula magna triangulari nigra versus medium suturam fere attingente. Abdomen apice nigro, subtus 4-articulatnm. Pedes castanei tibiis mediocriter dilatatis, apice oblique truncatis. This species was collected in the interior of India, at Neemuck, by Assistant-Surgeon E. T. Downes, who informs me that he caught a single specimen in his room by lamplight, having observed it crawling on his table. Sprcres [V.—Pratyruopatus AcuTIDENs. Syvn.—Platyrhopalus acutidens, Westw. In Lin. Trans. xvi., p. 661, pl. xxxiii., fig. 50. Ditto xix., p. 51. This species was proposed by me upon an incomplete specimen, preserved amongst the insects brought from Nepaul by Maj.-Gen. Hardwicke, and now in the British Museum, of which the elytra, legs, and abdomen are wanting. The head and prothorax are smaller and darker-coloured than in P. denticornis ; the prothorax is proportionably rather longer; the eyes are black; the head rounded and subdepressed in front, and not emarginate ; the inter- nal margin of the clava of the antenna exhibits a stronger contrac- tion at the base than in that species, and the incision on the outer edge is much wider; and the basal tooth very acute. In some of these respects it approaches P. angustus; but, until a more complete specimen is obtained, it is impossible to determine whether it be identical therewith or not. The regular hind margin of the clava of the antenna, separates it from P. Westwoodii. Species V.—Pratyruopatus unicotor. (Plate 68, fig. 4.) (Copied from Schiénherr,) P. latus brunneo-castaneus, antennarum claya magna ovata compressa juxta basin externe incisa ; dente obtuso, prothorace antice utrinque rotundato dilatato. Long. corp. (see fig Schdnherri), lin. 43. . Habitat in India Orientali. Dom. Pro. Schumacher. Syv.— Platyrhopalus unicolor, Westw. In Linn. Trans., xvi,, p. 659, tab. xxxiii., fig. 49. Ditto, vol. xix. p. 50. ; Pausus denticornis. Megerle, Illig. Mag. 3, 113, not. (absque deser.) | Gyllenhal in Schénh. Syn. Ins. tom. 1 pars iii. Appendix p. 14. tab. 6, fig. 1. Schénh. id. p- 19, no. 5. Dalman, Anal. Ent. p. 103, sub Hylotoro Bucephalo. In Mus. Schénherr, Gyllenhal et Dejean. 80 MONOGRAPH OF THE COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSIDA, Totus brunneo-castaneus ; supra subdepressus tenue pubescens, nitidus obsolete punctatus ; caput subquadratum nitidum supra obsolete canaliculatim et e figura Schénherri, vix antice emarginatum ; antennarum clava maxima fere ovata disco parum convexo, subtus magis gibbosa, in margine externo profunde incisa. Prothorax brevis transversus antice multo latior lateribus rotundato dilatatis, pone medium cito coarctatus, anterius convexus posterius depressus et striga media transversa abbreviata impressus. Elytra humeris antrorsum prominentibus castanea sub-nitida. Corpus subtus brunneo-castaneum nitidum. Pedes breviusculi pallidius castanei, valde compressi tibiis dilatatis. In consequence of the priority of Donovan's specific name, denti- cornis, I have considered it necessary to give this another denomina- tion, and which has reference to the uniformity of its colour, by which it is distinguished from the preceding species. The curious leafless plant represented in the plate, is the Indian Utricularia reticulata. Want of space, in a preceding page, prevented me from giving the following summary of Dr. Burmeister’s views of the relations of the Paussidee with the other carnivorous families, which I now add ; there will be occasion to refer to it in my observations on the genus Paussus in a future number. “ Tes Carnassiers sont Déterminés et Partagés de cette Maniere. Coleoptera carnivora seu adephaga. Mandibule arcuate, cornee, maxillarumque mandones cornei, elongati, seepissime uncinati, setosi vel ciliati, rarius nudi. Maxillarum galea, sive palpz maxillares interne, szpissime filiformes, biarticulate, rarius uniarticulatse vel nulle. Mentum transversum in apice bi- sinuatum, extus dilatatum ; ligula libera, mobilis, extus stipite corneo suffulta. Femora pedum posticorum connata cum pectore extus acuminata; trochanteres pedum fulcrantes. Ale pilosee, vena radialis cellula transversa in apice terminata. I. Geolestes. Pedibus ambulatoriis; capite exserto, collo plus minusve elongato. 1. Antenne 11-articulate, filiformes, rarius moniliformes vel depressze versus apicem. Maxillarum galea semper biarticulata elongata, in- terdum cucullata, seepissime filiformis : ; ; C . 1 Carabide. 2, Antenne 2-10-articulatee, vel omnino depressz, late ellipticze, vel lentiformes, vel irregulariter clavatee. Maxillarum galea seepis- sime styliformis uniarticulata, interdum obsoleta rarius cucullata . 2 Pauside. II. Hydrocanthari. Pedibus natatoriis seepissime compressis ciliatis. 1. Antenne filiformes, rarius medio paululum incrassatz vel in apice depressee. Oculi duo. Maxillarum galea semper biarticulata, fili- formis, interdum minuta : 5 C - - C . 3 Dyticide. 2, Antenne clavate, primo articulo dilatato, auriculato ; maxillarum galea obsoleta vel nulla. Oculi quatuor . : , é . 4 Gyrinide.” v 68 81 PLATE LXVIII. ILLUSTRATIONS OF A NEW SPECIES OF PAPILIO FROM MELVILLE ISLAND. PAPILIO CANOPUS, Westwood. Annals of Nat. Hist., April, 1842. (Plate 68, fig. 1, and 1*, male; fig. 2, female.) P. alis latis; posticis sinuatis et breviter caudatis ; incisuris albis, omnibus supra fuscis; anticis fascia sub-apicali e maculis novem albidis ; posticis fascia pone medium e maculis septem, lunula tenui ceruleaé (puncto fulvo in foemina adjecto), ad angulum ani; alis subtus concoloribus, posticis vero maculis transversis ex atomis czeruleis pone fasciam macularem, macu- lisque vel arcubus pallidis (in foemina fulvo-tinctis), ante imcei- suras albidas apicales. Expans. alar. une. 31, 4. Inhabits Melville Island, on the north coast of New Holland. In the Collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope, and the British Museum. This species is most nearly allied to Papilio Pammon, from which it however differs in its considerably broader wings, the fore pair of which are further distinguished by the fascia of large white, or pale buff spots, separated from each other by the dark veins of the wings and by the analogous fascia in the hind wings which runs more regularly parallel with the apical margin of these wings, whereas in P. Pammon, the anterior edge of this row of spots forms nearly a straight line. The disc of the wings, both above and below, is also much less glossed with the minute fulvous scales than in P. Pammon. The male has the fascia on the fore-wings much more strongly defined than the female, and of a more buff colour. In the hind wings of this sex above, the fascia is followed next the anal angle by a very slender blue lunule, and there are some blue scales forming very nearly obsolete patches behind the next two inner pale spots; on the under side, however, these blue patches are of large size, and distinct behind each of the large cream-coloured spots forming the fascia, the one next the anal angle having a scarcely visible orange lunule behind it. On this side also between the blue patches and the white incisions is a row of dirty buff spots, NO. XVIII.—I1sf MARCH, 1844, G 82 ILLUSTRATIONS OF A NEW SPECIES OF PAPILIO. each resting upon a patch darker than the disc of the wing. The female has the fascia of the fore-wings nearly interrupted beyond the middle of the wing, especially on the upper side, the slender blue lunule next the anal margin is succeeded on the upper side by a small orange transverse spot, and some orange scales resting on a darker brown patch are seen between the fascia and pale mar- ginal incisions. The extremity of the hind wings is much more varied beneath than above, the white fascia being followed by blue lunules (not so large asin the male), and these by transverse black patches, bearing buff-coloured lunules: the white incisions are also of larger size than in the males. The species is named in allusion to Canopus, one of the Southern constellations. The plant represented in this Plate is the Australian Persoonia ferruginea. TO A BUTTERFLY SEEN IN MID-WINTER. [At the last meeting of the Entomological Society, February 5, 1844, a beautiful specimen of Pontia Rape, evidently just disclosed from the chrysalis, was exhi- bited by F. Bond, Esq., which he had captured during the preceding month. | Child of the Summer! what dost thou here, In the sorrow and gloom of the weeping year ; When the roses have withered that bloom’d on thy birth, And the sunbeam that nurs’d thee has passed from the earth ? The flowers that fed thee are frozen and gone— Thy kindred are perished, and thou art alone— No one to weleome—no one to cheer— Child of the Summer! what dost thou here? Yet ’tis sweet thy gossamer wing to view, Revelling wild in the troubled blue— Heeding nor rain, nor snow, nor storm— Buffeting all with thy tiny form. Even thus the hope of our summer days, In the heart’s lone winter gaily plays— Thou art the type of that hope so dear : Child of the Summer! thou ’rt welcome here! Welcome ’mid sorrow, and gloom, and showers, Embiem of gladness that once was ours— Emblem of gladness that yet will come, When the sun-bright ether will be thy home ; And myriads of others, as bright as thou, Will revel around us—all absent now : Emblem of hope to the mourner dear, Child of the Summer ! thou ’rt welcome here ! Dublin Penny Journal. 83 PLATE EXT: ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME SPECIES OF LONGICORN BEETLES FROM TROPICAL WESTERN AFRICA. Tue AfricanLongicorn beetles belonging to the section, of which Lamia regalis may be considered as the type, are amongst the most beautiful species of the entire group; and as our collections are particularly rich in them, I propose to devote a few Plates in the present volume of this work to their illustration. In the present Plate four new species are represented from the cabinets of the Rev. F. W. Hope, A. Melly, Esq., and my own collection. The species represented in Nos. 1, 2, and 3, belong to the genus Sternodonta of De Jean. This group was first pointed out and characterised by me ten years ago, in a paper published in the first volume of the Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, having been omitted by Serville in his revision of the Longicorn beetles. I forbore, however, to propose a separate name for the group, which was subsequently adopted by M. Perchéron, in the ‘Genera des Insectes,” where the name of Sternotomis was given to it, which name must be adopted in preference to that proposed by De Jean, the characters of which were only for the first time published in the ‘‘ Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés,” Vol. III., p. 474. The species represented in No. 4, belongs to the genus Tra- gocephala of De Jean and Serville. Species IL.—LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS), VIRESCENS, Hope MS. (Plate 69, fig. 1, and details.) L. nigra, eeneo-pulverulosa, capite, pronoto et elytrorum basi albo-virescenti fasciatis, his etiam maculis variis albo-virescentibus ornatis. Long. corp. lin. 16. Habitat apud Sierram Leonam. The head is deeply notched in front, with a streak down the middle of the face dilated towards the mouth, the labrum, some patches beneath the eyes, and a fascia which runs behind them entirely across the head, of a pale silvery green colour. The man- G 2 84 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME SPECIES OF dibles of the male are large, and each has a strong elevated tooth on the upper side near the base (fig. 1 a, head of the male; 1 4, head of the female); the pronotum is traversed by three slender fascize of the same colour as the scutellum, and a fascia next the base of the elytra is also of the same colour, as well as a number of spots which are so arranged as to form a successive series of much interruped angulated strigee, the points of the angles being directed backwards. All these marks are produced by a fine silky pubescence; the remainder of the disc of the elytra being black and punctured, the sutural edges, and two slender costz on each rather elevated, and the sides finely clothed with an eneous powder. On the under side the body is black, and varied with silvery green markings, which mostly form angulated fascize, the angles being directed towards the head. The pro- and meso- sternums are large, flat, prominent, and truncated in front, in both sexes (fig. 1 c, 1 d). The antennze of the male are longer than those of the female. Species I.—LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) PALINII, Hope MS. (Plate 69, fig. 2, and details.) I. supra omnino pulverosa nigro, glauco, viridi fulvoque varia, pronoti macula utrinque et margine postico, elytris striga obliqud ex humeris ad medium fere ducta fasciaque media, fulvis. Long. corp. lin. 12—15. Habitat apud Sierram Leonam. In mus. D. Hope, Dr. Savage. The face is prettily varied with pale green and orange, separated by black lines. The hind part of the head has a black triangular spot (extending on each side behind the eyes), and divided into two parts by a very slender pale line. The pronotum is opaque dull green, with two short black diverging lines extending from the front margin to the middle of the disc; the front margin on each side is orange-coloured, and near each of the lateral spines is a large transverse oval patch of the same colour, edged with a black line ; the hind margin is also fulvous; the elytra are dull opake green, with brighter silvery patches, especially beyond the middle; from each humeral angle nearly to the middle of the suture runs an oblique fulvous bar edged with black, and across the middle is a broad waved bar, also edged with black ; termi- nating next the suture is a reflexed pale green patch. The body LONGICORN BEETLES FROM TROPICAL WESTERN AFRICA, 85 beneath is fulvous, with the middle of the abdominal segments black and shining. The sternums (figs. 2 a, 2 6) although porrected, are not near so large as in the last-described species. Species III.—LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) AMGENA, Westw. (In Annals of Nat. Hist. October, 1841.) (Plate 69, fig. 3, and details.) L. nigra, opaca, pronoto maculis duabus conoideis, lateribusque; maculis circiter 10 (magni- tudine variis), lateribusque elytrorum viridi-lacteis ; duabus in medio elytrorum maximis alterisque duabus posticis elongatis et valde angustis. Long. corp. lin. 11—16. Habitat in Africa tropicali (Gold Coast), D. Raddon. In mus. Melly et nostro. This very distinct species has the face black, with a silvery green line running from the inner margin of each eye nearly to the mouth, where it meets an angulated slender line of the same colour, extending across the lower part of the face; there is also a small spot of the same colour behind, and another beneath each eye. The entire sides of the prothorax, except the spines, are cream-coloured ; the two spots on the elytra near the base of the suture are nearly connected. The thoracic segments beneath are pale buff, and the abdominal segments black and glossy, with four pairs of round spots of pale silvery green, and two other oblong patches of the same colour on the terminal segment. The ster- nums (figs. 3 a, 3 6), are less prominent than in either of the preceding species, although resembling those of L. Palinii in form. I am indebted to W. Raddon, Esq., for this and other inte- resting insects from the Gold Coast. Species IV.—LAMIA (TRAGOCEPHALA) PULCHELLA. Westw. (Plate 69, fig. 4, and details.) L, supra nigra opaca pronoti marginibus antico et postico guttulisque numerosis elytrorum lete viridibus, fasciaque media pronoti, basi et medio elytrorum maculisque duabus apicalibus fulvis. Long. corp. lin. 8. Habitat apud Sierram Leonam. In mus. D. Hope. This lovely insect in its cylindrie form agrees with the other Tragocephale of De Jean; but from all of these it differs in its colours, which in their contrasts and arrangement resemble those 86 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME SPECIES OF LONGICORN BEETLES. of some of the Sternotomes. The face is green with a slender line of black down the middle; the labrum is fulvous ; the upper part of the head black, with a green margin to the eyes. The antennz and pronotum jet black, except the basal joint of the former and the front and hind margins of the latter, which are splendid green ; across the middle of the pronotum runs an irregular slender fulvous fascia. The body beneath is splendid green with the sides of the metasternum fulvous, and a triangular patch in the middle of the hind margin of each segment, which is,black and glossy. The mesosternal process is small and scarcely prominent (figs. 4 a, 4 5). @had or PLATE LXX. ILLUSTRATIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF GRASSHOPPERS FROM COLOMBIA AND MEXICO, oe Tae insects represented in the accompanying Plate are here referred to the genus Phaneroptera of Latreille, with the general structure of which they best agree; they possess, however, such singular characters in the spinose and foliaceous appendages with which they are armed, and the antennze in the males of one of them are so curious, that I presume that they will by some writers be regarded as proper subjects, requiring the establishment of distinct sub-genera for their reception. Srecies I.—PHANEROPTERA ALIPES. Westw. (Plate 70, fig. 1 ¢ and 1 9, and details.) P. pallide albo-virescens, tegminibus angustis apice intus dilatatis ; margine interno nigro maculato fasciaque obliqua paullo ante apicem, capite inter oculos mucronato, antennis, in mare saltem, fasciculato-nodosis, femoribus posticis foliis latis subapicalibus instructis. Long. corp. lin..8. Expans. alar, post. ¢ lin. 32. @ lin. 29. Habitat in Colombia, Mus. D. Hope, ¢ ; et in Mexico. Mus. nostr, 9. Communic. D. Parry, F.LS., &c. The eyes are very prominent and globose in this species, and between them is an acute point, more prominent in the female. The antennz of the males are very slender, and appear to consist of portions measuring about two lines each, which are not con- tinuous as in the other species, the extremity of each portion ter- minating in a little dilatation which is setose* (fig. 1 a). From what remains of the antennz of my female specimen, they appear to have been destitute of these nodosities. The face of the female is considerably wider than that of the male, which occasions a corre- sponding dilatation of the lateral margins of the pronotum, which in this sex have a small lobe or extension over the fore feet, which does not exist in the male. The pronotum is strongly saddle- shaped, the lateral angles of the raised part in the female being more elevated than in the male. The wing-covers are considerably more elongated in the males than in the females; in both sexes they are similarly marked with black spots. The wings are colour- less, except the small apical portion which extends when at rest beyond the wing-covers. ‘The sternums are simple. The feet are most slender and elongated in the males; they are of the colour of the body, but fasciated or annulated with black; the four * Dr. Burmeister describes a species from Bahia, with apparently similar antenne, Ph. nodicornis (Handb. der Eng. 2, p. 689) 5 but the specimen he described (from the collection of his father-in-law, my excellent correspondent, M. C. Sommer, Esq., of Altona), was a female. > $8 ILLUSTRATIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF GRASSHOPPERS. anterior femora and tibiz, are slightly foliaceous, especially in the female; but the hind femora in the males are furnished near the tips with a large thick black leaflet on the outside, the hind tibiz having two rows of serratures (fig. 1 c), whilst in the female the femora have two nearly equal-sized leaflets*, and the tibiz are furnished with dilated, dentated portions, which give them a very curious appearance (fig. 1 d.) The terminal ventral segment of the male is emarginate at the tip, and the anal appendages elon- gated, acute, slightly recurved, and furnished within with a strong tooth (fig. 1 4.) The ovipositor of the female is broad and bent upwards from the base. Specirs I].—PHANEROPTERA HYSTRIX. Westw. (Plate 70, fig. 2.) P. lutescens capite spina erecta pronotoque duabus armatis ; tegminibus quasi punctatis, apice interno acuto, viridi albido nigroque variis, alis haud coloratis nisi in apicibus ; pedibus posticis spinis acutissimis et longis armatis. Long. corp. lin. 10. | Expans. alar. posticar. lin. 31. Habitat in Colombia. In mus. D. Hope. This extraordinary insect has the tubercle between the eyes developed into a strong acute compressed spine, which with two others rising from the pronotum serve to defend the front of the body; these horns have a black line extending along them. The tegmina are varied with pale and darker green with black patches, the veins being elevated and pale-coloured, giving them the appearance of being throughout deeply punctured; the same appearance is also presented by the exterior apical portion of the wings; the anterior femora and tibiz have a few short spines, but the hind feet are armed, both within and without, with long and acute spines, placed at the distance of about a line apart, which decrease in length towards the extremity of the tibize ; these feet are marked with bars of green and black, and the spines of the femora (which are curved) are black along their front edge. The terminal ventral segment is emarginate, and extends beyond the two anal appendages, which are incurved, pointed, horny, and bifid (fig. 2 a.) This fine insect is unique, in the collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope, F.R.S., &c. The plant represented in this Plate is the charming Rigidella flammea of Lindley, from Mexico. of M, C. Sommer, Esq. LOW, 9,2,44- 89 PLATE LXXI. ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME NEW FULGORID FROM COLOMBIA AND MEXICO. = —— FULGORA (EPISCIUS?) AMABILIS, Westw. (Annals of Nat. Hist., April, 1842.) (Plate 71, fig. 1.) F. rostro (thoracis longitudine, supra plano, subconico apice subtruncato) capite pro- et meso- notis griseo-fuscis, metanoti et abdominis dorso testaceo maculis nigris; alis anticis brunneo-fuscis apice pallidioribus, fusco-nebulosis ; posticis basi fulvis medio fuscis apice hyalinis. Long. corp. lin. 55. Expans. alar. lin. 104. Habitat Mexico. In Mus. Hope et nostr. Tus elegant little insect, in its elongated flattened rostrum, agrees with the Fulgora platyrhina of Germar and my monograph published in the Linnzan Transactions, vol. xviii., (which the Marquis Spinola* and M. Serville+ have separated as a distinct genus, under the name of Episcius Spinole). It differs from it, how- ever, in its rostrum being more elongated, with both the upper and under surfaces more entire, and especially in the narrow, ordinary form of the fore wings. The structure of the anal appendages is also different. These differences are, probably, in this group, of not higher than specific value; and hence possibly the Aphana corticina of Burmeister (a Brazilian insect, measuring nearly 23 inches in the expanse of the fore wings, quite distinct from the Dilobura corticina of Spinola, which measures only 22 lines in expanse), as well as Spinola’s species (which M. Serville has named D. Spinola), and another closely-allied Brazilian insect in my own collection; ought, probably, to be reduced into one group, distin- guished by the elongated and flattened rostrum.§ This group is peculiar to the New World, for Homalocephala, the Old World type, (consisting of African and East Indian species,) the only other group with a flattened poirected forehead, can scarcely be said to have the * Aun. Soc. Ent. de France, 1839, p. 252. + Hist. Nat. Ins. Hemipt., 1843, p. 494. t Dilobura subocellata, Westw. Albido-lutescens fronte subtus subtricarinato et nigro- marginato, capite et thorace supra rugosis, abdomine nitido segmentis basi utrinque nigro- maculatis, alis anticis albido-lutescentibus fusco subreticulatis maculisque rotundatis luteis, versus apicem alarum magis indistinetis, alis posticis albis, pedibus supra nigro-maculatis tibiis posticis extus 6-spinosis, spinis apicalibus haud inclusis. Long. corp. lin. 93. Expans. alar. antic. lin. 30. (une. 23). Habitat in Brasilia interiori. Mus. Westw. § Fulgora planirostris of Donovan (Ins. N. Holl.), which Serville refers to the genus Homalocephala, belongs to the Cicadellideous, not to the Fulgorideous section of the family. 90 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME NEW FULGORIDA, rostrum elongated, and it is also distinguished by having the costal portion of the fore wings not homogeneous, and shorter feet. LYSTRA COMBUSTA, Westw. (Plate 71, fig. 2.) L. capite supra obscure carnoso margine antico parum elevato; pronoto obscure virescenti margine postico tenui fulvescenti, mesothoracis scutello metanotoque et basi abdominis nigris his sanguineo maculatis et abdomine sanguineo apice albo floccoso ; pedibus cas- taneo-rufis obscuris, alarum anticarum dimidio basali rufescenti-fulvo, nigro reticulato maculis rotundatis concoloribus, pone medium fascia lata valde undulata et in medio postice angulato lutea ; spatio apicali relicto nigro venis viridibus strigaque tenui sub- marginali lutea, alis posticis fulvis basi sanguineis dimidio apicali fuscis. Long. corp. lin. 10. Expans. alar. anticar. lin 30 (unc. 23). Habitat in Colombia. In Mus. Hope. CLADOPTERYX OBLIQUATA, Westw. (Plate 71, fig. 3.) C. luteo-fusca pronoto et abdomine albido irroratis, apice scutelli et metathoracis albidis, carina mediana abdominis virescenti, alis omnibus hyalinis, anticis fascia abbreviata triangulari substigmaticali, macula apicali, alterisque tribus versus basin alarum ad marginem internum fuscis; tibiis posticis extus 5-dentatis: fronte subtus albido-irrorato fascia tenui ad basin labri ad latera mesosterni utrinque extensa, albida. Long. corp. lin. 53. Expans alar. anticar. lin. 16. Habitat in Colombia. In Mus. D. Hope. The name Cladodiptera, proposed by the Marquis Spinola (Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 1839, p. 316), being grammatically incorrect, was altered by Serville and Amyot (Hist. Nat. Ins. Hémipt. p. 503), to Cladypha, with the remark that they would have employed the more correct name of Cladoptera, had it not been already employed by the former of them for a genus of Orthoptera. Such, however, is not the case, as there is no such genus of Orthoptera. I presume that the name Cladoxerus (Serv.) was the one here in- tended. I have, therefore, retained the name originally proposed, but altering its termination, in order to distinguish it from the ordinary names of the orders of insects. This species differs from the type of the genus Cl. macrophthalma of Spinola, in being larger, that measuring only 11 lines in expanse, and in the broad continuous sub-stigmatical spot, the apical cloud, and the position of the spots on the inner margin, towards the base of the fore wings. That species is a native of Brazil. The plant represented in the Plate is the Orchidaceous Gale- andra Baueri, (Batem.) a native of Mexico. 91 ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE, NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS, &c. (No. XVIII.) On tHe Larv& or Insects WHICH CONSTRUCT A COMMON ENVELOPE, WITHIN WHICH THEY UNDERGO THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS IN SocIETY.—At the meeting of the Linnzean Society, on the 6th February, 1844, a paper was read by J. Curtis, Hsq., F.L.S., containing the descrip- tions of the nests of two species of Brazilian Hymenoptera. One of these insects belonged to the family Tenthredinidze, and to one of the divisions of the genus Hylotoma, having furcate antennz in the males like Schizocerus, and which Mr. Curtis considered neces- sary to separate from the rest under the name of Deiloceras. The sexes in this species varied greatly from each other in colour, but the chief interest of the communication consisted in the description of the nest formed by the larve previous to their assuming the pupa state, and to the close juxtaposition of the hard cocoons which, in a section of the nest, had very much the appearance of a piece of honeycomb. The outer covering of the mass of cocoons was composed of a thick tissue of threads, spun close together, having very nearly the appearance of the large coverings of the eggs of the Mantidee. This instinct of larve congregating together, and spinning a thick general covering previous to assuming the pupa state and forming their cocoons, is of very rare occurrence; and hitherto no instance has occurred in which the cocoons were so systemati- cally arranged side by side, so as, when cut through, to afford the appearance of hexagonal cells. In the family to which the species described by Mr. Curtis belongs, are found some of the species of the genus Lophyrus social in the larva state, living under a common web, which they quit, however, previous to becoming pupe. The Nematus of the gooseberry, however, undergoes its transformations . in society, the end of the cocoon of one specimen being attached to another ;* and Messrs. Kirby and Spence mention a still more analogous circumstance occurring in the same family.| Some of the little parasitic Ichneumonide, belonging to the genus Micro- gaster, construct their cocoons in close contact together, so as in * Mod. Classif. of Ins. IL., p. 104. t+ Introd. f., p. 405, 6th Edit. 92 ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE. fact to resemble the cells in a miniature bee-hive.* In other orders I am only aware of this social instinct in the following instances. Reaumur states of the caterpillars of the processionary Moths, which reside in large common tents or nests, ‘‘ C’est dans leur nid que ces chenilles doivent perdre leur forme et devenir chrysalides ;” and that those of the destructive Yponomeuta Evony- mella, which reside in a similar web, construct their cocoons “a un des bouts de leur dernier nid.” In the first part of the Trans- actions of the Entomological Society, I published an account of a gregarious species of Butterfly from Mexico, in which the chrysa- lides are arranged within the nest formed by the caterpillars, and which very nearly resembles that of some wasps; and in my memoir upon the Pomegranate Butterfly of the East Indies, also published in the same Transactions, I described the social peculiarities of that insect, the chrysalides of which are placed in society within the fruit, previous to arriving at which state the caterpillars must have made their way to the outside of the fruit, and spun the web (probably in common) which supports the fruit to the stem and prevents its falling, and then returned into the fruit. But a much more analogous instance of this socialism was described by me in the ninth volume of the ‘“‘ Magazine of Natural History,” in which a mass of the cocoons of the [lithyia sociella (between two and three hundred in number, if not indeed considerably more) was found in the hollow stump of an acacia-tree. The mass measured about 5 inches in length and 2+ inches in diameter, the outer covering consisting of a thin layer of floss-silk. I have also seen a nearly similar compact congregation of the cocoons of the honey-moth, Galleria cereana, which feeds in the hive of the honey-bee. The other insect described by Mr. Curtis was a Brazilian wasp, which forms a long truncated conical nest, similar to those figured by Reaumur, but having the outside of the nest coated with a fine earth or sand. Hitherto those wasps which construct their nests of sand have been found to be only solitary in their habits, not forming regular combs; all the social species which build combs on the contrary being card-makers. Unfortunately Mr. Curtis had not cut his nest open, so that it is impossible to determine the condition of the interior. Such a difference of habits must, how-- ever, most probably involve a difference of structure in the man- * Reaumur Meni., tom. ii. pl. xxxv. figs. 7 and 8 ; Mod. Class. of Ins. ii. p. 149, fig. Ixxvi. 17. ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE. 93 dibles, maxillee, and labium, of which, however, Mr. Curtis gave no account. He also added a summary of the genera of wasps, with which he was acquainted ; but all those described by St. Fargeau, in the ‘‘ Histoire Naturelle des Ins. Hym.” were unnoticed. Wives or Insectrs.—‘‘ The isolated study of the more important and typical organs of animated beings, though not to be recom- mended, if regarded only in an organographical poimt of view, is of no small importance when made the means of illustrating the general principles of natural history, or its more philosophical inquiries, which can be alluded to but briefly in articles on tribes, genera, and species. In this way a value may be given to the driest technicalities of the science, which, when philosophically understood, render the strictest descriptive diagnosis suggestive of important and interesting views. Such a subject is that of the wings of insects. “The air is the appointed habitation of the insect tribes, and flight their chief means of motion. The mechanism by which it is effected is not, as in birds, dependent on the modification of certain of the extremities, but on a transformation of the machinery of that organism which has most relation with the air itself—the respiratory system. ‘The wings are metamorphosed gills. The branchize of the Nereids are their prototypes. These again are processes of the integument. ‘The tegumentary system is charac- teristic of articulate animals. Among their highest genera it becomes their skeleton—an exo-skeleton—which contrasts with the endo-skeleton of the vertebrata. The former is the skeleton of the respiratory system ; the latter of the nervous system. The former in its most perfect form appertains to creatures which pre- sent the highest development of intelligence; whilst the latter perfects itself in motion and the accompanying instincts. Accord- ing to the relation of their organization to one or the other of these points, animals are arranged in two parallel series, which in them- selves are not simple, but again subdivided into similar and repre- sentative groups. The two great series themselves may be regarded as representing the two kingdoms of organised nature—the animal and vegetative spheres, as they have been designated ; in the former of which the forms of beings are mainly determined by the influence of their organs of sensation and intelligence ; in the latter, by those of respiration and reproduction. If such analogy be true, we should see evidences of its truth on a comparison of the characteristic 94 ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE, structure in analogous groups. Such evidence we perceive on comparing the characteristic organs of the members of the vegetable kingdom with those of the members of the vegetative (or articulate) sphere in the animal kingdom, of the leaf with the wing. ‘There is no finer illustration of the relation of analogy in natural history, than that between the leaf of a plant and the wing of an insect. In both we have a double sheet of cells held together and strengthened by a frame-work of vessels, the structures of the respiratory system and the processes of the dermato-skeleton supplying the materials in each. Hence, Oken has weil applied to the wings of insects the name of aérial gills.”— Penny Cyclopedia. MonocrapHiz pes E’/roryirens, Famille de Ordre des Coléoptéres. Par M. Th. Lacorpaire. Paris, 1842. 8vo, pp. 543. Tis is another of the excellent monographs with which the science of Entomology has lately been enriched by the labours of Continental entomologists. A monograph, illustrated with figures (of which, unfortunately, the present work is entirely deficient), upon this group, was published by M. Duponchel, in 1825, in which 92 species were described. M. Lacordaire, in his monograph, describes 570. In an Introduction of 32 pages, the author has given a general account of the characters, habits, affinities, &c., of the group; admitting that the tarsi are pentamerous, or rather pseudotetramerous, the fourth joint being “ tres-petit nodiforme chez la plupart” (by which character Encaustes, Episcapha, Triplax, and Tritoma, are united to the family); and describing the max- illary palpi as having the last joint “ triangulaire, ou en segment de cercle, ou fortement transversal, rarement ovoide et tronqué a son extrémité” (as in Triplatoma, Dacne). The imner maxillary lobe, in at least half the species, is simple; in a few, it is 1-spinose (Encaustes); and in others, bispinose; the teeth long and acute, as in Erotylus and Aulacocheilus, or very short and obtuse (A githus). The variations which exist in the lower part of the mouth are very carefully described. The antennz either consist of a com- pressed club, suddenly formed, of three joints, or of four joints, gradually dilated. The wings are described as agreeing throughout the group, the difference between those of Encaustes, Triplatoma, Dacne, and Erotylus, being insignificant. The Chrysomelide have ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE. 95 wings of a different type, so that the Erotylide cannot be associated with them. Of the habits and metamorphosis of these insects, but littie is known. The larva of AXgithus Surinamensis, described by M. Lacordaire, and that of Triplax russica, figured by me,* being the only species hitherto noticed in their early states. The perfect insects reside in boleti, where they undergo their transformations ; and, although sometimes found on the trunks of trees, they are never met with beneath the bark. The geographical distribution of these insects is peculiar. Of the 570 species, only 65 are natives of the Old World; 505 inhabiting the New,World. Can it be doubted, that the immense forests of South America, teeming, as they must do, with the vegetable productions which are the natural element of these insects, are the primary cause of this vast difference? Only three of these insects are, in fact, found in Asia; 28 inhabit Java; and only two have been received from New Holland (both belonging to the genus Episcapha). Sixteen species have occurred in Africa, and thirteen in Europe. The New World species are thus distri- buted :—Brazil, 150 species; Guiana, 130; Bolivia, 37; Columbia, 128; Mexico, 34; the United States, 15; the Antilles, 7. After detailing the reasons which have led the author to unite Krotylus with insects heretofore placed with Engis, he reviews the recent arrangements which have been proposed, especially in this country, for a breaking up of the Latreillian group of Xylophaga, and the proposal of the section Rypophaga; and concludes that the Erotyliens ought to be ‘“ tout-a-fait s¢éparées des Chrysoméliens avec qui elle n’a que des analogies trés éloignées, et que sa place est dans la section des Rypophaga de MM. Stephens et Westwood” + (probably next Engis or Seaphidium). The family is divided into two tribes—First, the Engidiformes, consisting of 14 genera, including Triplatoma, Dacne, Triplax, Tri- toma, &e.; and secondly, the Genuini, also consisting of 14 genera. All these, with their species, are then carefully described ; and at the end of the volume is a “ Concordance Synonymique,” in which each of the species described by the chief previous writers on the group is given, with the name and reference by which it is described in the present monograph. This is a very useful addition: it is * Introduct. to Mod. Class. of Insects, t.1, p. 393, fig. 49—6. t+ Inmy Modern Classification of Insects, I suggested that “ the Erotylidx ought perkaps to be regarded as more strictly Necrophagous 5 in which case, the Endomychide would, I appre- hend, be equally liable to removal” (Vol. i., p. 391). 96 ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE. not, however, entirely new, as the author suggests in the Preface ; having been adopted by Serville, in his volumes of the Suites a Buffon. Upon tHe Anatomy OF PHatancium Orrtio Latr. By Aurrep TuLx, M.R.CS., &e. (From the “ Annals of Natural History.”) London, 1843. pp.38. With 3 Plates. Tue attention bestowed by many of the more recent writers on Entomology, upon the hitherto neglected tribes of the Linnzean Ap- tera, is a circumstance of much interest, the different orders of that class having been at length acknowledged to afford the most valuable assistance in determining the natural classification of the Annulose Subkingdom. It is, therefore, with pleasure that I announce the memoir, of which the title is given at the head of this notice, in which Mr. Tulk has investigated the anatomy, both external and internal, of a very curious group of Arachnidous animals; with which, notwithstanding the extreme abundance of some of the species, our knowledge hitherto has been very superficial. The genus Phalangium, indeed, in their tracheal mode of respiration, subarticulated bodies, and exposed didactyle chelicerz, constitute one of the primary types of the great class Arachnida, being in these respects intimately allied to the two other equally anomalous groups, Chelifer and Solpuga;* neither of which have hitherto been satisfactorily investigated. Of the great care bestowed upon this memoir, I am able to speak from personal knowledge, although I am not sufficiently acquainted with the minute details of the internal anatomy of these tribes to offer an opinion on some of the results at which the author has arrived. I trust that he will not consider the subject as exhausted, especially as he has not given any account of the early states of these insects. * These three types constitute the order which I have termed Adelarthrosomataax—Ent. Text Book, pp. 131, 145. ” es in pee ’ ‘— a “Ot Vole es . : i > Ae : dps -~ * - ane 4 ¢ 7. , 4 ~ es "eat = ‘ \ | “a , ; » = - 7 - < a hat | . “s fk , \ : ~ x ba Pe nn, : a a PLATE LXXII, DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW ASSAMESE SPECIES OF PAPILIO, RECEIVED FROM MAJOR JENKINS. Tue two interesting additions to the genus Papilio represented in the annexed Plate, form part of a collection of insects with which I have been favoured by Major Jenkins, and to whom I beg leave to present the best thanks} both of my subscribers and myself, feeling convinced that they will consider that every addition made to our knowledge of the beautiful productions of our distant territo- ries by the zeal of gentlemen resident in such districts, is a subject of congratulation. PAPILIO CHAON, Westw. Plate 72, fig. 1 & 1*. P. alis posticis caudatis ; omnibus supra nigrisposticis plaga magnd irregulari 4-partita lactea, anti- cis subtus ad apicem fuscescentibus, posticis plaga 4-partita alba (ut in pagina supera) macu- lisque tribus minoribus ad marginem analem extensis, lunulisque submarginalibus luteis incisurisque albis. Expans. alar, antic. cire. unc. 5. Habitat in Assam. D. Jenkins. In Mus, nostr. This species is very nearly allied to P. Helenus *, but differs not only in the form of the pale patch on the dise of the hind wings, but also in the markings of the underside of the same wings. The upper surface of the wings is entirely black, a slightly brown appearance being produced by a few luteous seales arranged in rows in the discoidal cell, and beyond the middle of the fore wings. The hind ones have a large cream-white patch on the dise towards the outer angle, formed of four confluent spots (the outer one generally hidden by the hind margin of the fore wings); the one nearest the body being oval, the next oblong with the extremity obliquely emarginate, as it is also in the third spot, which is much smaller than the second, and the fourth is still smaller. The fore wings on the under side have a brown appearance, produced by a greater quantity of the luteous scales ; the incisures are slightly marked with white; the hind wings on this side are similarly marked with four white spots as above, but in addition to these, there extend three pale luteous lunules towards the anal margin ; and there is also a narrow row of the same coloured lunules parallel with the white incisions, which are here more distinct than above. ® Tt is accordingly named after his unfortunate brother, Chaon. NO. XIX.—1s/ MAY, 1844. H 98 DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW ASSAMESE SPECIES OF PAPILIO. PAPILIO MEGARUS, Westw. Plate 72, fig. 2. P. alis rotundatis, posticis ecaudatis, fusco-nigris; albido-strigatis et maculatis lunulisque submarginalibus in alis posticis, alis subtus griseo-fuscis, eodem modo strigatis et maculatis. Expans. alar. antic. unc. 34. Habitat in Assam. D. Jenkins. In Mus. nostr. This insect has so little the appearance of a true Papilio, as to cause it to be easily mistaken for one of the Danaides. The arrangement of the wing-veins, however, proves that this is only a relation of analogy, of which several other species also furnish us with examples; especially the Papilio paradoxus, which is a true species of this genus. The present species is most nearly allied to P. Macareus, of the Encyclop. Méthod. (P. striatus. Z. Somm.) The upper surface of the wings is blackish-brown, the basal portions of the wings striated, and the apical portion maculated with whitish marks, the latter forming two rows parallel with the apical margin of the fore wings and the hind wings with a submarginal row of lunules, and without pale incisions ; the hind wings are much more maculated beyond the middle than in P. Macareus. The under side is similar to the upper in markings, except that the marks in the discoidal cell of the fore wings are much fainter, and the ground colour of all the wings is a golden greyish brown. The beautiful plant represented in the Plate is the Orchidaceous Arundina densa of Lindley, from Sineapore. THE FIRST BUTTERFLY. One of the superstitions prevailing in Devonshire is, that any individual neglecting to kill the first butterfly he may see for the season, will have ill-luck throughout the year. The following recent example is given by a young lady :—‘‘ The other Sunday, as we were walking to church, we met a man running at full speed, with his hat in one hand, and a stick in the other. Ashe passed us, he exclaimed, ‘I sha’n’t hat ’em now, I b’lieve.? He did not give us time to inquire what he was sv eagerly pursuing; but we presently overtook an old man, whom we knew to be his father, and who being very infirm, at upwards of seventy, generally hobbled about by the aid of two sticks. Addressing me, he observed, ‘ My zin a took away wan a’ my sticks, miss, wan’t be ebble to kill’n now though, I believe.’ ‘ Kill what ?? said I. ‘ Why, ’tis a butterfly, miss, the furst hee’th a zeed for the year ; aud they zay that a body will have cruel bad luck if a ditn’’en kill a fwrst a zeeth.’ ’—Dorset Chronicle. “*’ . é aa . % + Pm 99 PLATE LXXIII. ON TWO SPECIES OF INCA FROM TROPICAL AMERICA. Tur Goliathideous Cetoniidz being (with a single anomalous exception) natives of Africa and India, we may, perhaps, be justified in regarding the species of Inca which are natives of tropical America * as their natural geographical representatives, although they do not belong to the same portion of the family. In respect to their maxilla, indeed, they form a decided group, having an elongated, cylindrical, toothless galea and simple mando; thus differing from the Trichiides, which have an obtuse coriaceous galea, and from the Euchiride of Burmeister, which have a den- tated galea. This author has very carefully illustrated the struc- ture of the trophi in Germar’s excellent ‘ Zeitschrift fur die Entomologie’ (ii. tab. 2, f. 5—8, 18). INCA SOMMERI, Westw. Plate 73, figs 453 Ol I. chalybeo-niger, supra opacus, pronoto albido vittato et limbato, elytris obscure rufis, albido irroratis; cornubus capitis ¢ oblique porrecto, apicibus latis oblique truncatis. Habitat in Mexico—Villa alta prope Oaxaca. An varietas geographica I. Weberi ? Long. corp. ¢ (cornub. capitis inclus.); unc. 2; Q unc. 18. In Mus, D. Sommer. The two insects represented in Nos. 1 and 3 have been very obligingly forwarded to me by M. C. Sommer, Esq., of Altona (the father-in-law of Professor Burmeister), with the view of their being figured in this work, if considered distinct from the Cetonia Inca of Weber (Inca Weberi Encyel. Méth., and Burm., I. Fabricii Perty.) The principal difference between the male of the last- named insect and that sent by Mr. Sommer, consists in the form of the horns of the head; and as I have found a second specimen, agreeing with Mr. Sommer’s, in the British Museum Collection (arranged with I. Weberi), I have thought it most advisable to give it as distinct from that species, especially as its geographical station is widely different from that of I. Weberi, and as the distinctions between the other species of the genus is but slight. The head and thorax of the male, on the upper side, are obscure blue-black. The former has two prismatical horns, * The curious occurrence of a species of this group in Africa must not be overlooked. See Arc. Ent. 1, pl. 46, f. 6. H 2 100 obliquely truncate at the tip, the upper ridge running off to the fore angle. (Fig. 1 b represents the head of the male, seen from beneath; 1 b the same seen sideways; le one of the horns, seen within, to show the thick brush of fulvous hairs.*) The antenne, except the basal joint, are dark fulvous; the prothorax is similar to I.Weberi. The elytra of the male are very dark purplish-brown, with the scutellum and suture greenish, and they are slightly irrorated, especially towards the suture, with luteous scales. The underside of the body is shining «neous, with short fulvous pile upon the hind edge of the thighs, and down the middle of the abdomen. The middle tibie are curved, and slightly bidentate in the middle, and the hind tibiz have a single tooth near the middle. The female is darker-coloured than the male, and has the clypeus slightly concave ; or rather, the lateral and front edges are ele- vated: the elytra are much more thickly irrorated with luteous scales. The middle tibiz are straight and bidentate in the middle, and the hind tibize have a single tooth in the middle.+ The teeth in the anterior tibize are not so acute as in the female of I. Weberi. Note. Perty’s figure represents the male of I. Weberi with the horns of the head emarginate at the tip. The figure of the male in Gory and Perchéron’s Mon. Cét., pl. 13, f. 1, is unlike any specimen I have yet seen in the form of the horns. INCA BESKII. Plate 73, fig. 4 ¢,5 9- ‘« T. fusco-niger, subtus wnescens fulvo-hirtus supra fulvo guttatus; elytris atro-purpureis ; fascia media obsoleta notatis.” Syn. J. Beskii, Dejean ; Burmeister. Habitat ‘‘ Novo Friborgo ;’’ Brasiliz inter. In Mus. D. Sommer, &c. No figure of this species having hitherto been published, I am happy to be able to give a representation of both the sexes, by the kindness of Mr. Sommer. There is a specimen, agreeing with the male in the British Museum Collection, with the MS. name biguttata attached to it. The plant represented in the Plate is the splendid Orchidaceous Maxillaria cruenta of Lindley, from Guatemala. * Wig. 2 a represents the head of the male of I. Weberi, seen from beneath ; 2 b one of the horns of the head, seen from above; 2 c the head, seen from the side ; and 2 d one of the horns seen within. + The hind tibie in the female (in the British Museum Collection) have two acute teeth in the middle. - ‘ ‘ ‘ . 1.0 WwW RRS A / \ Vi My N\A! 14 44: 101 PLATES LXXIV ann LXXV. ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME SPECIES OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. —>— Tue recent monographs of Dr. Klug and M. Guérin-Meneville upon the Genus Thynnus of Fabricius, and the different results at which these distinguished Hymenopterologists have arrived respect- ing the generic arrangement of these insects, render the observation of every fact, tending to determine the question at issue, absolutely necessary ; and no one circumstance has hitherto been shown to be more important than the exact discrimination of the sexes of the different species, since by this means not only are we prevented from forming separate genera for the reception of the two sexes of the same species, but we are thereby enabled to trace the value of the modifications of structure which may have been already, or which ought hereafter to be adopted as the characteristics of the several groups into which these insects have been or are divided. As a group, these insects possess an interesting geographical dis- tribution, being only found in Australasia and South America. The species from the latter country are rare in our English cabinets, whilst Dr. Klug describes not fewer than 40 species ; whereas our cabinets are very rich in the New Holland species, which are equally rare in the continental collections. ah By the kindness of several friends I am enabled to give represen- tations of both the sexes of five Australian species. In order, however, to enable such of my subscribers as do not possess the ‘‘ Voyage de la Coquille,” (in the Zoological portion of which M. Guérin published his chief memoir on these insects) to enter more effectually upon the consideration of the question of the generic distribution of these insects, I here copy from that work such portion of the tabular synopsis of the genera of the Hymenop- tera Heterogyna, as relates to the insects in question. 1, Abdomen des males cylindrique, terminé inférieurement par une grande épine recourbée en haut. . C : (Genera Methoca, Myzine et) Rhagigaster, Guér. 2. Abdomen des males aplati, n’ayant point a 1l’extrémité d’épine recourbée vers le haut. a Mandibules tridentées. * Les deux nervures récurrentes aboutissant aux 2me et 3me cellules cubitales. G. Telephoromyia, Guér. ** Les deux neryures récurrentes aboutissant a la seconde cellule cubitale. : : G. Tachypterus, Guér. 102 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME SPECIES OF & Mandibules bidentées, chapéron trés-avancé entre les mandibules. * Labre découvert et saillant. t Labre bilobé 5 : G. Agriomyia, Guér. ++ Labre arrondi. o Machoires non ciliées 4 leur base. G. Thynnus, F. 00 Machoires trés-ciliées 4 leur base. G. Thynnoides, Guér. ** Labre recouvert par le chapéron. + Premier cellule cubitale sans appendice. G. Anthobosca, Guér. Tf Premier cellule cubitale ayant un appendice. G. Elaphroptera, Guér.* Rhagigaster, Guér., composed of a single species from Port Jackson. Rh. unicolor. Telephoromyia, Guér., composed of a Patagonian species. Tachypterus, Guér., consists of a single species, T. fasciatus, from Kangaroo Island, on the coast of New Holland. The genus is evidently identical with Psamatha (See ante, p. 20), which name must accordingly sink into a synonyme. Tachypterus chalybeeus (ante, pl. 54, fig. 5), forms a second species in the genus. Agriomyia, Guér., consists of a single species, A. maculata, from New Holland. Thynnus, Fabricius. M. Guérin describes or notices 18 species of this Australian group. 1. T.dentatus,Fab. 2. T.zonatus,Guér.,n.sp. 3. T. variabilis, Kirby. 4. T. affinis, Guér. n. sp. 5. T. obscuripennis, Guér. n. sp. 6. T. rufiventris, Guér. n. sp. 7. T. annulatus. K. 8. T. Australis, Bdv. Voy. Astrol. 9. T. flaviventris, Guér. n. sp. 10. T. emarginatus, Fab. 11. T. abdominalis, Fab. tf 12. T. integer, Fab. + 13. Scolia 7-cincta, Fab. ?? 14. Tiphiaradula, Fab.?? 15. Myrmecodes flavo-gutta- tus. Latr. (Q of T. variabilis?) 16. T. apterus. 9 Enc. Méth. 17. T. pedestris, Fab.? 18. T. Grayii, Guér., (Myrmecodes australis, Leach, Gray, Griff, An. K.) Thynnoides, Guér.—Three new species, T. fulvipes, Guér.; T. rubripes, Guér. ; and T. pugionatus, all from Australasia. Diamma, Westw., (see ante, pl. 54, fig. 6.) In addition to D. bicolor, the true type of the genus, M. Guérin describes a second species, D. ephippiger, from Kangaroo Island, but it is not congenerous with the former, being in fact a female of the genus Rhagi- gaster. He also suggests that B. apterus, Fab., also belongs to the genus. Anthobosca, Guér.—A single species from Port Jackson. (Myzene Australasia, Guér. Atlas, pl. 8, fig. 10.) Anodontyra, Westw.—A single species from Chili. Ornepetes Gueér.—Also a single species from Chili. Elaphroptera, Guér.—Composed of South American species. Ammodromus, Guér.—Composed of the female of South American species. In the “‘ Magasin de Zoologie” for 1842, M. Guérin has made numerous additions to our knowledge, both of the species and structural characters of these insects, adding the following new species :— Rhagigaster hemorrhoidalis (Swan River.) Agriomyia marginilabris, affinis, Westwoodii, abdominalis, and Spinolz, all from Australasia. * “ Nous n’avons pas fait entrer dans ce tableau les deux genres provisoires, Diamma et Ammodromus ; ils se composent de femelles qui entreront probablement dans les genres déji connus, quand on les aura mieux observées, et qu’on aura surpris leur accouplement.” + This species belongs to the family of the bees, and is allied to Crocisa. } The cylindric abdomen with a recurved apical spine, unites this species with the genus Rhagigaster of Guér. AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. 103 Thynnus Shuckardi, and flavilabris, from New Holland. Thynnoides nigripes, from Swan River. He likewise adds the descriptions of two new Australian genera. Catocheilus, Guér., allied to Thynnus and Agriomyia, but having a membranaceous con- cealed labrum, and the terminal joint of the maxillary palpi very minute, and the maxill much ciliated within. C. Klugii, Guér., ¢ 9. (Swan River.) Lophocheilus, Guér.—Allied to Thynnoides, but having the labrum truncated and villose in front, slightly prominent and emarginate, the maxille slightly hairy, short; lower lip short, with the paraglossee folded back. 3 Species: L. villosus, L. distinctus, and L. ? collaris,—all from New Holland. Such, with the addition of the genera— Psamatha Shuckard, mentioned above, Oncorhinus, Shk., in Gray’s Australia Append., Vol. ii., founded upon a fine species from Swan River, and Amblysoma, Westw. in Guér. Mag. de Zool., founded upon a Brazilian species, and the figure of Anodotyra tricolor, W. published in the same work, constitute the whole of the generic groups hitherto proposed in the sub-family. Dr. Klug, rejecting all these generic names, in his Mono- graph on the genus, recently published in the ‘ Transactions of the Berlin Academy,” and uniting the whole under the generic name of Thynnus, has divided the Australian species into three sections, A. Th. dentatus, &c. B. (Agriomyia, Guér.) C. (Rhagigaster, Thynnoides, and Anthobosca, Guér.) ; describing two new Australian species of the section B. (T. varie- gatus and pulchellus), and also two new species of the section C. (T. obseurus, and labiatus, K1.) At present it is premature to decide upon the propriety of the rejecting of all these generic groups, although I cannot but think that some of them rest upon characters which will be found to be of too trivial an importance, especially when the general and greatly variable habit of the species is considered ; the apparent differences in the formations of the divisions of the lower lip is certainly not to be depended upon in our dried specimens, since in some individuals of a species they are retracted,in others porrected.* The dissections which I now, however, offer to the student, in connection with those in the 54th plate, enables us to estimate the value of one of M. Guerin’s genera, namely Ruacicasrer, whilst at the same time it will serve to show that the females of the Myzine, when discovered, will almost certainly be apterous; the * Compare pl. 74, fig. 3d. « 104 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME SPECIES OF female of Rhagigaster differing from those of all the four other species now represented by possessing ordinary-shaped 6-jointed maxillary palpi, like Diamma and Methoca; from the first of which it is at once distinguished by its depressed (not compressed) form, and by its nearly simple (not multidentate) mandibles. Not- withstanding these very evident distinctions, M. Guérin has described a female of Rhagigaster as a second species of Diamma, as above noticed, and has further increased the confusion by asserting that D. bicolor is the female of Rhagigaster ; whereas, there is great reason for considering that it is the female of Tachypterus (Psamatha, Shk.), which has the mandibles more toothed than in the majority of the family, although the female possesses one more tooth than the male, which is not the case in the other species, of which the sexes have been determined : indeed the contrary occurs in the majority. The discovery of the female of Myzine will moreover determine whether the small rudimental vein inclosed within the first sub- marginal cell of Rhagigaster (which is the only character by which it is distinguished from Myzine ¢), does not indicate a much more marked difference in the opposite sex than might at first be supposed to be the case, or whether it is sufficient to bind it, as it now does, to the other Thynnideous insects. The following are the characters of the genus Rhagigaster, as modified and extended by the examination of ‘several species, and by the discovery of the female sex, together also with a synopsis of the species which belong to it. RHAGIGASTER, GUERIN. ¢ Abdomen elongatum apice spina recurva armatum, segmento primo subtus tuberculo conico instructo ; segmentis 2ndo et reliquis ad * basin constrictione subarticuliformi instructis. Frons inter partem superiorem oculorum subcarinatus. Mandibule intus versus apicem dente armate. Ale antic cellulis 4submarginalibus, prima appendiculata. Palpi omnes forme ordinariz. Clypeus antice fere recte truncatus. Labrum margine antico vix emarginato clypeo fere abscondito. 9 Caput magnum subquadratum planum impressione longitudinali utrinque pone occulos. Mandibule et palpi mari conformes. Thorax 3-annulatus, apterus, Abdomen elongatum depressum segmentis ad basin linea tenui transversa impressis. * M. Guérin erroneously describes the abdominal segments as having ‘en arriére, ainsi que le premier une impression transverse.’ The lateral examination of the abdomen at once shows that the first segment is not constricted, and that it is the base and not the extremity of the other segments which is thus circumstanced. AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. 105 Sprcies I1.—Rhagigaster unicolor, Guérin. Voy. Coq. Ins, p. 214. Niger punctatus pilis albidis indutus, alis anticis hyalinis apice subinfuscatis ; mandibulis simplicibus apicem versus l-dentatis, abdominis apice utrinque dente parvo alteroque medio recurvo armato. Long. corp. 19 mill. Expans alar. 30 mill. Habitat, Port Jackson, Terra Van Diem. Mus. nostr. communic. D. Jos. Hooker. Species I1.—Rhagigaster ephippiger. Syn.—Diamma ephippiger, Guérin. Voy. de |’ Astrolabe, p. 235. Mag. Zool., 1842, pl. 103, fig. 1—6. 2 Niger nitidus antennis, mandibularum apicibus, mesothorace metathorace et pedibus rufis anoque fulvo. Long. corp. 13 mill. Habitat. “ Kanguroo” insul. In Mus. Reg. Paris. | Obs.—Heec est 9. Rh. unicoloris, teste D. Shuckard. Species Il].— Rhagigaster mandibularis, Westw. (Plate 74, fig. 1, 2, fig. 2, 2.) 2 Niger punctatus pilis griseis parum indutus, alis anticis hyalinis fusco tinctis, mandi- bulis supra in medio tuberculo conico armatis, abdominis apice spina unica recurva armato. Long. corp. lin. 83. Expans. alar. lin, 123. Obs.—Carina frontalis fere indistincta. Spatium constrictum ad basin segmentorum abdominalium subtilissime punctatissimum. 2 Niger nitidus, capite maculis duabus frontalibus fulvis, mesothorace metathorace coxisque omnibus ferrugineis, pedibus antennisque nigris. Long. corp. lin. 53. Habitat, Port Philip. In Mus. Saunders et Nostr. Species [V.—Rhagigaster Morio, Westw. Niger nitidus, punctatus; capite tuberculo transverso supra basin antennarum valde, alteroque supero minus prominenti, mandibulis simplicibus intus apicem versus dente armatis, metathorace supra transverse carinato angulis posticis quadratis, abdominis apice spina unica armato; pedibus rufis, alis nigricantibus. @. Long. corp. lin, 93. Expans. alar. lin. 14. Habitat, in Australasia. In Mus. Brit. et Nostr. Species V.— Rhagigaster hemorrhoidalis, Guérin. Mag. de Zool. 1842, p.2.* Niger rugosus, griseo pilosus, segmentis duobus apicalibus abdominis fulvis spina anali recurva nigra ¢. Long, corp. 15 mill. Habitat, Swan River. In Mus. Guérin. Species VI.—Rhagigaster integer. Syn.—Thynnus integer, Fabricius. Ent. Syst. 2, 245, Kirby, Mon. Ap. Ang. 1, p. 223. Donovan. Ins. N. Holl. Ater, abdominis segmentis margine villoso cinereis, capitis fronte cinereo pubescente scutello truncato obtuso, ano integro aculeo brevi recurvo. ¢. Habitat. in Nov. Holl. In Mus. Banks. (Soc, Linn. Lond.) Species VII.—Rhagigaster binotatus, Westw. Q Niger nitidus, parum punctatus, capite maculis duabus frontalibus fulvis pone insertio- nem antennarum. Long. corp. lin. 53. Habitat in Terra Van Diemenii. In Mus. Nostr. communic. D. Hooker. Statura Rh. mandibularis, 9, cui valde affinis coloribus tamen distincta. " I possess two specimens agreeing with Guérin’s description as to colour, but only measur- ing 5 lines long (instead of 15 mill.), and having no tooth in the basal segment to the abdomen beneath, no carina between the upper part of the eyes, but having five teeth at the extremity of the abdomen, the middle one not being recurved at all. I therefore do not consider this insect (which I name Thynnus deciptens), as belonging to the genus Rhagigaster. 106 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME SPECIES OF Species VIII.—Rhagigaster analis, Westw. § Niger nitidus, parum punctatus mandibulis antennisque piceis pedibus segmentoque apicali abdominis fulvis ; capite pone insertionem antennarum linea transversa in medio interrupta fulva. Long. corp. lin. 43. Habitat, apud “ King George’s Sound.’’ In Mus. Nostr. Obs. — Mandibule dente interno latiori at magis oblique-truncato nec acuto. Caput minus quadratum, abdomen ad basin paullo angustius longius, segmento ultimo oblongo-ovato. Species ? [X.—Bethylus apterus, Fabricius. Syst. Piez., 238. Q B. apterus niger pedibus rufis abdomine piloso nigro segmentorum marginibus ferrugi~ neis nitidulis. Habitat in Nova Cambria. D. Billardiere. Obs.—My notes made upon the Fabrician collection at Kiel, in which the typical specimen is preserved, state that this insect is a Myrmecodes. Its colours seem to indicate it as a female of this group. Srecies ? X.—Myzine ruficornis, Guérin. Prodrome d’une Monogr. des Myzines, p. 11, (Ext. Dict. Pittoresq. d’Hist. Nat. t. v.) ¢ ‘ Téte noire avec le chaperon et les antennes fauves, thorax noir, ponctué avec le pro- thorax, trois taches sur le mésothorax et deux grandes taches de chaque c6té orangées. Ailes incolores, pattes orangées, abdomen orangé, avec la base des segments noire.” Long. 12 mill. Habitat, in Arabia ! Obs.—Cellula 1ma. submarginalis appendiculata. THYNNUS HYALINATUS, Wesitw. (Plate 74, fig. 3 g ; fig. 4 9.) d T. capite thoraceque fusco-eneis fulvo dense tomentosis metathorace flavo-vario, abdo- mine nigro nitido segmentis quatuor prioribus flavo-maculatis, alis fere hyalinis, pedibus testaceis. Long. corp. lin, 94. Expans. alar. lin. 184. ? Ferruginea albido-pilosa, abdomine magis piceo, segmento Imo fascia integra flava, reliquis interrupte flavo-fasciatis. Long. corp. lin. 8. Habitat in Terra Van Diemenii, D. Lewis. In Mus. nostro, D. Lewisio amicissime com- municatus. ~ This species is very nearly allied to T. variabilis, but it is at once distinguished from that species by its uniform smaller size, the almost uniform colour of the thorax, and the nearly hyaline wings of the male. The head in this sex is neous black, closely and finely punctured, and clothed with short close fulvous pubescence ; the clypeus is yellow, which colour is extended along the anterior and posterior margin of the eyes, higher than the insertion of the antennze ; it forms also a slender branch behind the eyes. The mandibles are fulvous with black tips, the antennz black and slender. The thorax is slightly eneous black, finely punctured, and tomentose like the head, with a slender transverse yellow line behind the scutellum and the metathorax, with a large patch above AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. 107 and one on each side. ‘The abdomen is black and shining, the first segment with a large irregular yellow spot nearly divided in two by a black clavate line; each of the three following segments has two round yellow spots on the back and an oblong one on each side, as have also the fifth and sixth segments; but in them they much diminish in size ; the five anterior segments on the under side are varied with yellow spots, which become gradually smaller beyond the 2nd joint. The legs are castaneous red, the coxe alone black, the posterior coxee with a yellow spot in front. ‘The anal append- age terminates in an acute point, without any lateral spines. The female is dark chesnut red on the head and thorax, which are slightly and widely punctured and pilose, the punctures being larger and closer near the insertion of the antennee. The clypeus is irregular with a central point (fig. 42), the mandibles are pitchy and entire, the antennz pitchy, the legs chesnut red, the abdomen pitchy red, with five yellow fascize interrupted down the middle and at each side ; the intermediate segments on each side beneath have a small yellow spot. The first segment has a slight trans- verse carinated line near the extremity, the second segment with one near the base and another near the extremity, the inter- mediate space transversely multi-striolated ; each of the following segments has a transverse carinated line nearly across the middle. The terminal segment of the abdomen is thick, truncate, with longi- tudinal striz, and a notch on each side beneath (fig. 4 e, 47.) Figure 3 a, labrum ¢ 3; 3 4, clypeus and mandible ; 3 ¢, maxilla; 3 d, labium; 3 e and 3 J, extremity of the abdomen. 3 g, mouth of another specimen with the trophi porrected ; 3 h, the labium as seen within the mouth ; 3 2, the same seen beneath. Fig. 4 a, the labrum of the female; 4 8, the front of the head, with the trophi and mandibles seen from beneath; 4c, the maxille; 4 d,labium; 4 e, 4 f, terminal segment of abdo- men; 4 g, middle segment of the abdomen, seen laterally, to show the position of the spiracle. THYNNUS (AGRIOMYIA) DEPRESSUS. Westw. (Plate 74. fig. 5 g, fig. 6 9.) 4 T. niger nitidus punctatus griseo pilosus abdomine depresso oblongo-ovato, segmentis 2, 3, et 4to utrinque lunula tenui albida, pedibus anticis rufis, posticis 4 piceo-rufis femoribus nigricantibus. Long. corp. lin. 7. Expans. alar. lin. 12. Q Capite thorace et basi segmenti Imi abdominis punctatissimis nigris; abdomine nitido punctato hujus segmento 2do et dimidio basali Sti rufis. Antennis piceo-rufis, basi nigris pedibusque rufis. Long. corp. lin. 43. Habitat, King George’s Sound. In Mus. Brit. The male is black, with gray hairs; head and thorax punctured 108 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME SPECIES OF and immaculate; antenne, black and slender; the abdomen is glossy black, depressed, and slightly punctured, with gray pubescence; the second, third, and fourth segments have on each side a small, slender, whitish lunule, diminishing in size. The second and third segments have also a whitish lunule on each side beneath, and the fourth and fifth a whitish dot. The abdomen is entire at its extre- mity, not pointed, but on each side, near the tip, is a small pointed, and another clavate setose exserted appendage, with a thin pencil of recurved hairs (fig. 5 a). The fore legs are red, and the four hind ones pitchy-red; the middle femora with a black streak behind, and the hind femora black. The fore wings are yellowish-smoky, with black veins; and the hind wings hyaline. The female has the head, thorax, and base of the first segment of the abdomen black; and very much punctured; the abdomen is shining and setose at the sides; the extremity of the first seg- ment, the whole of the second, the basal half of the third, and the extreme base of the fourth segments, as well as the apical appendage, are red; the remainder of the abdomen is black. The second segment has a carinated transverse line at a short distance from the hinder margin, the preceding portion being rudely punctured, and beyond it the segment is glossy and impunctate. The basal half of the third, fourth, and fifth segments are also glossy and impunctate, and the apical portion of these segments punctured. The antenne are pitchy-red, with the basal joint black; and the legs are red. THYNNUS (THYNNOIDES) FUMIPENNIS, Westw. (Plate 75, fig. 1. ¢ 2. 9) & T. subeneo niger luteo-setosus et sublente tenuissime punctatus clypeo fulvo, macula mediana alterisque duabus lateralibus obscuris; alis fumosis, pedibus obscure piceo-rufis. Long. corp. lin. 8. Expans. alar. lin. 14. 2 nigra subnitida capite pedibusque fulvis. Long. corp. lin. 5. Habitat, Port Philip. In Mus. Saunders et nostr. The male of this species is very closely allied to T. obscurus, Klug, and T. rufipes, Guer. (from both of which it differs in its smaller size), and also to T. rubripes, from which it differs in the yellow markings of the clypeus, the colour of the wings and legs, and the pilosity of the abdomen, and from Th. labiatus, Klug, it differs in the colour of its wings and legs. It is black, with an zneous tinge, which seems rather produced by the very short close luteous pubescence ; and under a lens it is thickly and finely punctured ; AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. 109 the head is black, with the clypeus convex, its extremity emar- ginate-truncate, yellow, which colour does not quite extend upwards to the insertion of the antennz ; it also forms a short branch on each side, which does not, however, quite reach the eyes. Down the middle runs a dark mark, which is dilated in the middle into an oval ring, and on each side is a dark spot. The mandibles are yellow, with the tips black ; the antenne and thorax are black and without spots, as is also the abdomen ; the latter has also the inter- mediate segments constricted across near the base and apex, and margined with slender luteous hairs ; it terminates in a flattened point, which is slightly emarginate on each side near the extremity, and accompanied on each side near the base by a short spur. The wings are smoky yellowish, and the legs pitchy red. The female is black, with the exception of the head, antennee, and legs, which are fulvous red. The abdomen is very large and gibbose; the first segment has a transverse carinated Ime near its extremity, the second segment has a carinated line across near the base, and another near the extremity, the intervening space with about three elevated finer carinated lines; the third segment has a transverse impressed line, at a short distance from the base, the intervening space being excessively minutely and closely punctured, and with another impressed line, which runs close to the apical margin in the middle, but at the sides obliquely extends into the dise of the segment. The fourth segment has a similar line near the apex, but none at the base. Fig. 1 a, represents the clypeus and mandibles of the male; 1 6, the maxilla; 1 c, the labium ; 1 d, the labrum ; 1 e, the extremity of the body. Fig. 2, the front of the head of the female ; 2 4, the maxilla, with the very minute palpusb * 2c, the labium, with the very minute labial palpuse*; 2d and 2e, the deflexed entire striolated extremity of the body. THYNNUS (AGRIOMYIA) ODYNEROIDES, Westw. (Plate 75, fig. 3, 4 fig. 4. 9) ¢@ Niger flavo-varius pronoto carina antica flava metathorace immaculato ; pedibus fulvyo- rufis, alis limpidis stigmate rufo. Long corp. lin. 7. Expans. alar. lin. 12. ? fulvo-rufescens thorace, abdominis basi fasciaque lata mediana nigris. Long. corp. lin. 4. This species is closely allied to Agriomyia maculata. Guér., but differs in several respects. The head and thorax are black, and very closely and finely punctured ; the clypeus is narrowly produced and truneated; it is yellow, with a black transverse mark, and 110 SPECIES OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. terminates above (beneath the insertion of the antennz) in three red points; in the middle, near the front margin, is a deep impressed dot ; the mandibles are black, with the outsides yellow ; the two tubercles on which the antennz are placed are red on the inside ; the head has a small yellow dot behind, in the middle. The collar has a yellow elevated carina in front, and a small yellow dot at each lateral angle, behind; the metathorax has a large yellow spot in the middle, a smaller one on the scutellum, a short yellow line behind the latter, and a yellow dot on each side, above the insertion of the hind wings ; the tegulz are also yellow; there is also a yellow spot on each side, beneath each wing ; the abdomen is black, the first segment above with two minute yellow dots, the four following with a yellow, elongated, transverse patch on each side, having a notch in front, near the side, and having the inner extremity produced into a reflexed, yellow tooth ; the basal segment of the abdomen beneath is produced into a very prominent, yellow, conical point ; the three following segments bear a large transverse yellow spot (inclosing a black mark), and the fifth segment two minute oblique yellow dots. The legs are fulvous red, and the wings hyaline, slightly tinged with yellowish, with a chesnut- coloured stigma; the abdomen is terminated by an oval, flattened plate, with the tip acute. The female has the head fulvous red, considerably dilated in front, impunctate, with dark fulvous antennz and mandibles, the latter black at the tips; the thorax is black and punctured, the anterior division longitudinally channelled ; the abdomen is fulvous red, with the base and middle black. The second segment has three strongly carinated lines across the middle; the third and fourth have respectively an impressed line across, near the base, and another (bi-emarginate) towards the apex. The legs are fulvous, very much ciliated, and the cox are darker coloured. Fig. 3.@ represents the front of the head of the male; 3 b, the bilobed labrum; 3c, the maxilla; 3@, the labium ; and 3 e, the extremity of the abdomen of the male. Fig. 4 a, the very deeply ciliated labrum of the female; 4, the mandible ; 4c, the maxilla, with its very minute palpus; 4 d, the labium, with its palpus d *. The plant represented in Plate 75 is the Australian Dillwynia ericifolia. 111 ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE, NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS, &c. (No. XIX.) Monocraruia Generis Ruapurpim, Linneei. Dissertatio Entomologica, Auct. G. Th. Scuneiwer. Vratislav, 1843, 4to, 99 pages, 7 plates, coloured and plain. Tuts is one of the most elaborate monographs which has hitherto been published upon a single genus of small extent, containing only seven species; the author having given in great detail the biblio- graphical history and minute external anatomy and natural history of the species in all their stages, as well as very long descriptions of each of the species. In the first of these particulars he has carefully noticed all the works which have appeared upon this genus up to the present time. In the second respect, he has made great use of the arrangement and modification of the veins of the wings, and has elucidated several questions not previously determined with precision—such as the existence of the six or seven eyelets on each side of the head of the larve ; the five-jointed tarsi of the imago ; the curious mode in which the head of the pupa is detached from the skin of the larva. He has, however, omitted to trace the precise structure of the divisions of the lower lip of the imago ; neither in his magnified figures of the maxille are the parts of which they are composed attempted to be traced. The pecu- liarity in the metamorphoses of these insects which I pointed out in my Mod. Class. of Ins. (vol. ii. p. 58), that the hind feet of the pupa, during its inactive state, are partially covered by the wings, is not represented amongst the figures which he gives of the pupa, in all of which (although represented in the quiescent state) all the legs are figured as free. The appendages at the extremity of the body of the male, hitherto undescribed, have not been repre. sented in the necessary detail. The predaceous habits of the genus have long been known ; the following is Schneider’s account of the mode of attack :—‘‘ Rhaphidia quum vivum insectum prope se con- spicit, prothorace sursum flexo, capite deflexo; statim mandibulis impetum facit. Quum insectum se movet subito Rhaphidia regre- ditur ; msecto autem debili vel jam mortuo rapide mandibulas corpori immittit idque perforat aride partium mollium humorem sugens,” p. 42. Of the habits of the larve he states, ‘‘ Larvee in fissuris corticis arborum szepius etiam sub cortice vetusta atque inter 112 ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE. truncum ipsum et corticem habitant. Totam per estatem et initio auctumni in corticis arborum fissuris ambulantes adscendunt et descendunt ut victum quzerant idque praecipue quod Stern obser- vavit hora meridiana czloque sereno.” In this state they are very pugnacious, destroying and devouring each other, but appearing to prefer the Diptera for food on account of the greater softness of their bodies. The following observations on the reproduction of the limbs in these insects are of great interest, as the genus from the subquiescent state of the pupe may be deemed to hold an inter- mediate station between the insects which undergo an incomplete and a complete metamorphoses—no instance, so far as I am yet aware, having hitherto been observed in which insects having a complete meta- morphosis have been found to possess the power of reproducing their limbs. ‘“‘ Interdum in exuviis corporis lees partes restituuntur sic larvam cujus pes anterior et antenna morsu alius larve in una eademque arcula asservate articulo ultimo spoliata erant, ante ultimas exuvias has partes recipere vidi. Lezesiones vero post ultimas exuvias pre- sertim graves, et que breve tempus ante evolutionem in nympham accipiuntur plerumque mortiferze sunt et unicum tantum animad- verti casum in quo larva licet amissa post ultimas exuvias dimidia antenna in nympha et imaginis statum transiit sed antenna illa lesa dimidiata permansit et in nympha et in imagine.” p. 49. These larvae both for hybernation and pupation “in arborum cortice cava ovata erodunt—Procul dubio hac re in errorem indutus est Waterhouse (Trans. Ent. Soe. vi. p. 1.), larvam xylophagam esse opinatus est scobes ligni coherentes vel conglutinatas pro excrementis habens quz vero quod satis expertus sum, speciem habent granularum minutarum forma oblonga colore nigro.” Adopting my family Mantispide as distinct from Rhaphidide, the author gives the following distribution of the two groups :— Fam. R#apHIpropka, prosterno Capite obovato, ocellis 3, prosterno triangulari alarum postico, pedibus omnibus homo- costis (pilosis), radialibus cubitalibusque in ramulos nomis, &c. dichotomos exeuntes. Gen. Rhaphidia, Linn. Capito quadrato, ocellis 0, prosterno libero elongato, alarum ramulo unico radiali in furcam exeunte pedibus abbreviatis. Sub-Gen. Jnocellia, Mihi. Mantispa crassicornis, Schum. Fam. Manrtispiopga, pro- Ocellis 0, &c., Gen. Mantispa. sterno antico, pedibus anterioribus Vertice ocellis instructo, &c., raptoriis, &c. Sub-Gen. Anisoptera, Mihi; seu Mantispa notha, Erichs. PLATES LXXVI ann LXXVII. A DECADE OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. ——— Havine obtained, since the publication of the preceding number of this work, a considerable number of new species of Thynnideous insects from Australia, I hasten to illustrate some of the more conspicuous, confining myself here to those of the male sex, not deeming it advisable to describe the females as distinct species, which may probably prove to be the opposite sexes of individuals now illustrated. THYNNUS BROWNIL. (Plate 76, fig. 1 and details.) T. niger capite et thorace opacis, fulvo tomentosis et maculatis ; abdomine flavo maculato, segmento ultimo omnino flavo, antennis longis apice gracillimis, pedibus castaneo-rufis 4. Long corp. lin. 144; Expans. alar. lin. 27. The head is black above, finely punctured, and clothed with fulvous pubescence, with a slender yellow streak behind each eye, and two small triangular yellow dots behind the ocelli; the clypeus is prominent, convex, and yellow, the extremity terminating in a semicircular curve, not entirely concealing the ciliated labrum. It is yellow, which colour ascends in an oval patch as high as the base of the antenne, where it 1s marked with a black line, which ter- minates in a conical chesnut-coloured central spot. The margins of the eyes and the tubercles on which the antenne arise are also yellow. The mandibles are yellow, with the tips of the two teeth brown; beneath they are clothed with a very thick brush of black hairs; the sides of the basal part of the maxillz are also clothed with numerous long hairs. The maxille and mentum (except at the base), as well as the palpi, are fulvous. The antennee are long (measuring rather more than eight lines in length), and gradually attenuated from the middle to the apex, where they are very slender ; they are entirely black. The thorax is obscure black, and very finely punctured, and also very thickly clothed with short fulvescent pubescence, which becomes longer and greyer upon the metathorax. The collar has the anterior margin forming a slender raised edge, which is yellow, but slightly interrupted in the middle: the hind margin is broadly fulvous ; the dorsum is marked with four impressed longitudinal lines NO. XX.—Ist JULY, 1844, I 114 A DECADE OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. between the middle ones, being marked with two posteriorly con- vergent fulvous conical spots; the scutellum has two large obliquely oval fulvous spots, one on each side, behind which are two slender fulvous transverse strigee, and the metathorax is marked near the insertion of the abdomen with a yellow spot. The scutellum is not conspicuously elevated, and the metathorax is deflexed; the sides of the metathorax are marked beneath the insertion of the wings with two yellow spots, united below by a very slender curved yellow line, and the sides of the metathorax are also marked with yellow. The abdomen is considerably elongated and ovate, being rounded in front, very convex above, and with the apex deflexed or incurved ; it is black and shining; the first segment marked above with two small yellow spots at the base, followed by two rather broad transverse yellow spots, which nearly meet in the middle, each spot emitting a minute tooth behind ; each of the five following segments is marked above with two transverse subquadrate yellow spots (each emitting a little tooth behind), and with a yellow spot on each side, the posterior edge of which extends a little distance along the hind edge of the segment: the seventh segment above is longitudinally striated and yellow, with a small black dot in the middle; the abdomen is yellow beneath: each segment, except the first and last, marked with a brown spot in the middle, and a black curved line on each side. The anal segment beneath terminates in an acute black point, the sides at the base being dilated. The legs are castaneous; the cox yellow, marked with a small black spot at the base. The wings are stained yellowish- brown, with the costa darker ; the hind wings paler coloured. From King George’s Sound. In Mus. Brit. et Westw. I have adopted the MS. name applied to this species in the British Museum collection, in which a single specimen is contained. Figure 1 a represents the front of the clypeus and labrum; 1 8, one of the mandibles ; 1 ¢, a maxilla; and 1 d, the mentum and labial palpi. THYNNUS PICIPES, Westw. (Plate 77, fig. 2.) T. niger capite et thorace yriseo pubescentibus, clypeo mandibulisquo flavis, pedibus nigris, tibiis et tarsis brunneo-fuscis, alis flavido-fuscis, costa nigra. Long. corp. lin. 103. Expans. alar. lin, 19 ¢. An varietas T. flavilabris, Guérin Mag. de Zool. 1842, p. 8? _ The head is black, slightly shining, finely punctured, and clothed with short grey pubescence. It has a bifid tubercle in the middle A DECADE OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. 115 of the face, at the sides of which the anienne are affixed ; these are short (four lines long), filiform, and black. The elypeus is rather prominent, oval, convex, and yellow, with the lower margin truncate, and nearly concealing the labrum; the mandibles are slender, yellow, with the tips brown, the underside sparingly furnished with long hairs. The maxilla, mentum, and palpi, are pitchy-black ; these do not differ in structure from the details of fig. 1, except that the maxille are more slightly furnished with hairs at the sides. The thorax is entirely black, and finely pune- tured ; it is clothed with short gray pubescence, both above and beneath, the metathorax being more thickly covered with longer white woolly hairs; the wing-scales are black, as is also the abdomen, which is long, obconical-ovate, and finely punctured, each segment having a stronger row of punctures near its posterior margin; the terminal joint beneath is prominent, deflexed, trans- versely striated, and produced into an acute point at the tip, each side at the base being dilated into a small conical tooth; the basal segment beneath is carmated down the middle. The legs are black, with the tibiee and basal joints of the tarsi pitchy-brown, clothed with fine grey pubescence, the tibize being slightly rugose, the tarsal ungues are fulvous at the base. The wings are stained with yellowish brown, which is deepest coloured in the marginal and first submarginal cells. The costa is black. Inhabits King George’s Sound. In Mus. Westw. I should have considered this to be Thynnus flavilabris, were not that species described as having the pubescence of the head and prothorax “d'un jaune fauve,” the legs as entirely black, except the ealcaria and tarsal ungues, and the size much exceeding that of my insect, being twenty-six millemetres, or thirteen lines, in length. THYNNUS INTERRUPTUS. (Plate 77, fig. 1, and details.) T. niger levis, capite thoraceque flavo-variis, abdomine fasciis sex tenuissimis flavis, medio interruptis, pedibus fulvis ¢. Long. corp. lin. 133. Expans. alar. lin, 22. The head is very finely punctured, and black, with a small yellow V like mark in the middle of the face, beneath which, on each side, is a deep black excavation, within which the antennze are affixed; the clypeus is large, prominent, yellow, and shining, produced into a conical point above, and with the anterior margin straightly truncate, nearly concealing the labrum (fig. 1 a), which I 2 116 A DECADE OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. appears to be bilobed. The eyes are margined with yellow. The mandibles are long, slender, and yellow, with the tips brown, the inner edge very slightly setose. The maxillary palpi are broken in my specimen. The antenne are short, filiform, and black. The thorax is robust, black, polished, and very finely punctured. The prothorax has a very slender yellow raised anterior margin, inter- rupted with black in the middle; the posterior margin is more broadly margined with yellow, which extends only to the wing- scales, which are also yellow. The metathorax is marked with four deeply-impressed lines, having a yellow spot in the middle. The scutellum is black at the base, with a broad yellow lunule, with a separate yellow spot at each side ; near its anterior angles, behind the scutellum, is another slender yellow lunule, and two lateral yellow spots, and the metathorax is nearly occupied by a large angulated yellow spot, which is narrowed behind ; its lateral edges, which are very prominent, being also yellow; each side of the mesothorax is marked with two yellow spots beneath the base of the wings. The abdomen is elongate-ovate, convex, black, very finely punctured ; each of the six anterior segments with a slender trans- verse yellow fascia across the middle, interrupted down the centre of the abdomen ; the penultimate joint beneath is armed with two prominent tubercles (fig. 1c), and the terminal joint is elongate, lanceolate, the tip acutely pointed, and the base on each side pro- duced into a short point (fig. 1 4). The intermediate segments of the abdomen beneath are fulvous, with a slender interrupted trans- verse fascia on the hind margin. The legs are fulvous; the anterior coxe large, flat and yellow; the inner edge produced into a narrow piece, which at first sight appears distinct ; the mesosternum is also produced behind into two yellow points, which appear like a pair of supplemental coxze. The basal segment of the abdomen beneath is conically carinated. Inhabits New Holland. In Mus. Brit. et Westw. I have adopted the MS. name attached to this species in the British Museum cabinet. THYNNUS TROCHANTERINUS, Westw. (Plate 77, fig. 3.) T. capite et thorace nigro et pallide flavo-variis, abdomine pallide flavo, nigro cingulato, femoribus flavis basi et apice nigris tibiis tarsisque castaneis @. Long. corp. lin, 83. Expans. alar. lin. 14. This species is nearly allied to Th. variegatus, Klug, but much larger, and with different coloured scutellum and feet. The A DECADE OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. 117 head is of moderate size, black, and finely punctured; the hind margin with a slender yellow line, which extends behind the eyes, where it is dilated on each side; there is also a small yellow patch extending from the upper angle of each eye towards the ocelli; there is also a yellow patch between the antenne at the base, these being rather wide apart. The clypeus is oval and yellow ; the apex narrow and rather rounded ; the space between its sides and the inner margins of the eyes is depressed and yellow, with a small black dot. The mandibles are yellow, with the tips black; the basal piece of the maxille and the mentum are black ; the former scarcely hairy. The terminal sixth joint of the palpi appears to have been broken off in both the palpi in my specimen ; the terminal joint of the labial palpi is slenderer and longer than the preceding jomt. The antennee are rather slender and filiform, being four lines long ; they are entirely black, whereas T. variegatus has the basal joint yellow. The pronotum is margined entirely with a rather narrow edge of yellow; the dise of the mesonotum is black, with four impressed lines and a yellow patch behind, and a slender lateral lne; the wing-covers are also yellow; the seutellum is black, with a yellow lunule across the middle, pointed in front ; behind this is a slender yellow curved line, united with two lateral yellow spots; and the metathorax has three yellow spots, the central one largest and dilated in front. The surface of the thorax is finely punctured, and slightly pilose; the prosternum bears two yellow spots, and the sides of the mesosternum two fulvous ones beneath the insertion of the fore wings; this part is also clothed with fulvous pubescence. The abdomen is elongate, ovate, with the tip acute; it 1s pale-yellow coloured, the basal joint above with a small conical spot, two minute dots, and the hinder margin of black. The three followmg segments are marked with black transverse bars, the extremity of one and the base of the next being narrowly marked with this colour; the middle of the inner edge of these bars is rather produced in front ; the following segments are black ; the fifth and sixth marked with yellow lateral lunules; the basal segment of the abdomen beneath is conically elevated, and the other segments are coloured as above, the black margin of the second and third joints being very narrow; the anal segment is entire, but terminated by a minute slender acute point. The coxze are yellow, with black marks; the trochanters black, the femora yellow, with the disc and apex black, the fore edge of the anterior and middle pairs being more chesnut, which 11s A DECADE OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. is also the colour of the tibie and tarsi; the wings are slightly stained with yellowish brown. Inhabits King George's Sound. In Mus. Westw. THYNNUS TUBERCULIVENTRIS, Wesie. (Plate 76, fg. 2.) Niger, griseo-pilesus clypeo fiavo-varie, abdomine elongato nitide nigro, segmentis utrinque fulve maculatis, seq¢mente 2ndo subtus tubereulis duobus parvis conicis instruct. ¢ Long. corp. lin. 12. Expans. alar. lin. 20. The head is small and black, closely and finely punctured; the elypeus is slightly prominent, and convex: yellow, with a slender eurved dark line on each side, and a dark central spot; the apex is truncate, nearly concealing the ciliated labrum: the yellow margin of the clypeus is extended to the eyes, which have an abbreviated yellow margin to the lower part, both in front and behind ; the head has also two minute yellow dots behind the eyes; - the antennz are black, with two minute yellow frontal dots ; the mandibles are yellow, with the tips brown; the manxille and mentum are black, the former, as well as the maxille, strongly fringed with pale hairs. In other respects, the trophi agree with T. Brownii. The thorax is entirely black, and clothed with gray pubescence ; it is of an oval form; the abdomen is of an elongate oval form, broadest across the middle ; it is black and shining, each segment with a large fulvous lateral spot, which becomes confluent on the sixth segment, the terminal joint being entirely fulvous ; the basal segment is conically elevated in front above, and beneath it is not earimated; the second segment is, however, armed beneath with two small conical tubercles: this and the following segments are dark yellow, with black margins; the terminal segment is armed at the tip with a short acute black spine, the sides of which, at the base, are slightly dilated. The legs are chesnut-coloured, with the coxz and base of the femora black ; and the wings are very slightly stained with yellowish brown. Inhabits King George’s Sound. In Mus. Westw. THYNNUS (AGRIOMYIA?) MELLEUS, Westw. (Plate 76, fiz. 4.) T. capite thoraceque nigris flavo variis, pronoto flavo, puncto parvo nigro, abdomine elongato ~ fulve, nigro-cingulsio, pedibus fulvis,alis flavis. 3 Long. corp. lin. 93. Expans. alar. iin. 16. The head is rather small, black, and punctured; the eyes are margined with yellow, except on the crown of the head, the pale A DECADE OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. 119 marginal line running across the back of the head; between the antennz is a yellow Y like mark. The clypeus is iarge, prominent, convex, and yellow, truncated at the tip, exposing the porrected semicircular and ciliated yellow labrum ; the mandibles are slender and yellow, with the tips brown; the maxilla and mentum are pale yellow—the former scarceiy ciliated; the maxillary palpi are rather short; the antenne are slender and filiform, measuring rather more than 4 lines in length. The collar is fulyous, with a small black spot in the middle of the anterior margin. The meso- notum has the lateral margins rather elevated, and the middle marked with a yellow spot; the scutellum also bears a yellow spot of like size, followed by a curved yellow lunule; and the meta- thorax, which is broad with the lateral angles rounded, is marked with two oblique yellow lines; the wing-scales are yellow, and the space between the scutellum and postscutellum is marked with yellow. The abdomen is oblong, rounded before and behind, and sub-depressed, of a rich orange colour, with the base and the incisions black; the anterior segment is channelled down the middle, and the terminal ventral segment is armed with a short acute deflexed spine, the sides of which, at the base, are dilated : the thorax beneath is black, clothed with silvery gray pile: and each side of the mesothorax and metathorax bears a yellow spot beneath the base of the fore-wings. The abdomen beneath is fulvous, fasciated with black; the legs are fulvous, with black coxe; the posterior pair streaked with yellow. The wings are golden yellow, with the stigma fulvous. Inhabits King George's Sound. In Mus. Westw. THYNNUS (AGRIOMYTA?) TRIFIDUS, Westw. (Plate 77, fig. 4.) T. gracilis, elongatus niger, capite thoraceque opacis flavo variis, abdcmine nitido segmentis singulis 5 basalibus lunulis duabus fiavis fasciolam nigram includentibus, pedibus obscure castaneis. ¢ Long. corp. lin. 85. Expans. alar. lin. 133. This species seems nearly allied to Agriomyia affinis, Guér. (Mag. de Zool., 1842, p. 4), but that species is too concisely described, and the original specimen too mutilated to allow me to determine its specific identity therewith. The head is obscure and black, and finely punctured; the eyes margined with yellow, except on the crown of the head: the middle of the face with a yellow y like mark; and the front of the head narrow, yellow, and with a black, trifid divergent mark. The clypeus is rather 120 A DECADE OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. emarginate at its anterior margin, exposing the labrum, which is yellow, and with its anterior edge slightly bilobed; the mandibles are yellow, with the tips black. The antenne are short and black (scarcely measuring 3 lines in length); the outer edge of the maxillee is clothed with long white hairs. The collar is black, with an entire rather narrow yellow margin. The mesonotum is black with a yellow spot in the middle, and a small one on each side behind the wing-scales, which are also yellow; the scutellum bears a yellow conical spot ; the apex directed towards the head : behind this is a narrow transverse yellow lunule, and two lateral yellow dashes ; and the metathorax bears two oblique yellow lines, extend- ing to the outer posterior angles; the sides of the thorax, beneath the insertion of the wings, are also spotted with yellow. The abdomen is elongate-ovate and depressed, broadest across the middle, black and shining; the five anterior segments bearing a large lunular yellow spot on each side, inclosing a short black transverse line which, in the fifth segment, unites with the black-ground colour of the segment ; the sixth segment bears two minute and slender yellow lunules. The body beneath is clothed with gray pubescence ; the coxze black, with yellow stripes ; and the abdomen black, each of the intermediate segments with two slender yellow lunules ; the terminal segment is entire, and rounded at the tip ; the legs are entirely chesnut red, and the wings stained with yellowish brown. Inhabits King George’s Sound. In Mus. Westw. THYNNUS (AGRIOMYIA 2?) MARGINALIS, Westw. (Plate 76, fig. 3.) T. uiger griseo subpubescens, clypeo oculisque (in parte inferiori) albido tenuissime marginatis ; abdominis segmentis quinque basalibus lunula tenuissima albida utrinque in margine postico notatis, pedibus duobus anticis castaneis, posticis duobus nigris. ¢ Long. corp. lin. 73. Expans. alar. lin. 12. The head and thorax of this species are black, thickly but finely punctured, and not shining ; the latter elongate, with the scutellum rather elevated, convex, and less strongly punctured ; the clypeus is rather short, convex, black, slightly carinated down the middle and truncate at the tip, with a slender white margin extending as far as the eyes, to which it also forms a slender margin about as high as the insertion of the antenne. The back part of the head is marked with two obscure red spots. The antenne are black, the tips being, however, broken off in my A DECADE OF AUSTRALTAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. 121 unique specimen. The mandibles are black on the inside and yellow on the outside, the tips and inner margin being, however, black ; the maxillee have a long row of slender hairs on the outside, and the palpi are rather elongated. The thorax is black, the wing- scales and a very slender transverse line behind the scutellum being dirty white ; the abdomen is black, depressed, narrower than the thorax, its broadest part being in the middle; the five anterior segments marked on each side, at the posterior margin, with a very slender dirty white lunule; the basal segment has a deep longitudinal channel down the middle; the body beneath is black, with slight gray pubescence, the intermediate segments of the abdomen with extremely slender white lunules behind; the apical segment is entire and rounded. The anterior feet are castaneous, with the tips of the tarsi black; the middle feet are castaneous before, but black behind, and the hind feet are entirely black. The wings are slightly tinged with grayish, and the stigma is black. Inhabits King George’s Sound. In Mus. Westw. THYNNUS DIMIDIATUS, Westw. (Plate 76. fig. 5.) T. niger punctatus abdomine (segmento basali excepto) tibiis tarsisque ferrugineis, ano 5-dentato. ¢ Long. corp. lin. 6. Expans. alar, lin. 93. This curious species has the head and thorax entirely black, finely punctured, and clothed with slight gray pubescence ; the clypeus is porrected between the mandibles, which are dark castaneous, with the tips black. The antenne are rather short (about two lines long), and black ; the trophi are black ; the outside of the maxillz clothed with long whitish hairs; the dise of the mesothorax is scarcely marked by the four impressed lines, and the metathorax is far more delicately punctured than the scutellum. The dorsal segment of the abdomen is black ; the remainder dark- brick red. The segments are much constricted at the articulations, where in each is a transverse impressed line running across the joint, finely serrated; the penultimate segment is armed at each side with a short ferruginous spine, and the terminal segment with a deflexed acute black point, the base of which, on each side, is armed with a shorter black diverging curved spine; the legs are black, with the tips of the femora and the tibiz and tarsi dark ferruginous. The wings are rather tinged with gray, and the stigma is black. 122 A DECADE OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. GENUS AELURUS, XLUG. In my sketch of the generic arrangements proposed in this group of insects, given in pp. 102 and 103, I accidentally omitted to mention that Dr. Klug, in his Memoir in the Berlin Transac- tions for 1840, had described a new genus, founded upon two Brazilian species, which appeared to possess characters of higher value than those of the majority of the groups proposed by M. Guerin Meneville. Dr. Klug chiefly relied upon the structure of the trophi of the male for the characters of his genus, not describing the parts of the mouth of the other sex, nor noticing a character which at once distinguishes the genus from all the other Thynnideous insects which I have yet examined (except as mentioned below), namely, the homogeneous structure of the upper maxillary lobe, which, in the typical Thynnides, has the horny portion divided into two parts by a narrow transverse leathery connexion ; a peculiarity, doubtless, connected with the structure of the parts of the lower lip, to which this lobe forms a defending sheath. That this division does not exist in Aelurus, I infer from Dr. Klug’s figure 16 a, compared with the same organ in the Australian insect, next to be described, which, notwithstanding some variation in the general form of the body, must, I conceive, be assigned to Dr. Klug’s new genus, which is thus shown to inhabit the Australian as well as the South American Continent, a peculiarity in nowise surprising, when it is remembered that these are the two geographical seats of the whole group. AELURUS ABDOMINALIS. (Plate 77, fig. 5, and details.) Syn.—A griomyia abdominalis, Guévin, Mag. de Zool., 1842, p. 5. A. niger aureo-setosus, collari punctis duobus transversis, scutello macula flava notato, abdomine (basi segmenti primi excepto) pedibusque fulvo-rufescentibus. ¢ Long. corp. lin. 63. Expans. alar. lin. 11. The head is black, transverse, and flat on the crown, and finely punctured, the face is furnished in the middle with two small tubercles, at the sides of which the antenne are affixed; the elypeus is slightly porrected, with its extremity truncate and yellow ; the mandibles (fig. 5 6,) are fulvous, with the tips brown ; they are clothed beneath with long hairs; the labrum is small, entire, and strongly ciliated. (Fig. 5a.) The antenne are long, slender, black, and filiform, with the tips acute, (measuring nearly A DECADE OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. 123 4 lines long); the maxille are small, with the apical lobe rounded and homogeneous (fig. 5 c,) with the sides clothed with long hairs, and the palpi very long and slender, the basal joint being the shortest and the third the broadest. The mentum (fig. 5d, 5.) is narrow (with the labium inflexed), the extremity furnished with a very long curved pencil of hairs (scarcely shorter than the maxillary palpi), and the labial palpi are elbowed at the tip of the first long joint, which is also furnished with a long diverging bush of hairs; the sides of the head are furnished with long fulvous hairs directed backwards. The collar is but slightly developed, with two minute transverse yellow spots in front ; the mesothorax has its upper surface marked with four longitudinal channels ; the scutellum bears a yellow spot, followed by a transverse yellow lunate spot ; the metathorax is oval, attenuated behind, nearly polished, slightly setose ; the abdomen is rather long, depressed, and narrowed in front, the basal joint triangular, convex above, channelled down the middle ; the base black, the extremity of the remainder of the abdomen of a fulvous castaneous colour, slightly clothed with fulvous hairs, the terminal segment is carinated beneath, tridentate at the tip, the middle tooth being the longest and black at the tip. The coxe and trochanters are black, and the legs fulvous castaneous. Wings almost hyaline, with black veins and stigma. Inhabits Van Diemen’s Land. In Mus. Westw. I am indebted to R. H. Lewis, Esq., for this interesting insect. M. Guérin has described another Australian species, allied to the preceding, under the name of Agriomyia spinolz, with the observation that they differ from the rest of the genus, in their longer antenne, and the long hairs at the sides of the head, so that they *‘ pourraient bien devenir types d’un nouveau genre,” for which he proposes the name of Tachynomyia, which, both on account of its want of priority in date and its insufficient characters must be rejected in favour of the name Aelurus. The plant represented in plate 76 is Solanum stelligerum, and that in plate 77 is the Orchidaceous Arethusa catenata. Obs.—The curious structure of the anterior cox of T. inter- ruptus having induced me to examine the same part in other species, | have found that the male of T. (Thynnoides) fumi- pennis, (ante, p. 108), possesses a singularity of structure which 124 A DECADE OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. I have hitherto observed in no other insect, having the coxze dilated, and together forming a broad nearly circular cup, with the margins elevated, large enough to allow the under-side of the head to rest within it when deflexed. Obs. 2.—Thynnus decipiens (ante, p. 105), is closely allied to T. dimidiatus above described ; it may be thus characterized :— T. decipiens ; niger punctatissimus, abdomine elongato, segmentis constrictis, ultimis duobus ferrugineis, ano dentato dentibus duobus primis minoribus segmentoque penultimo etiain tridentato, pedibus nigris. Long. corp. lin. 5. Expans. alar. lin. 94. Habitat in Terra Van Diemenii, Mus. Westw. Communic. Dom. J. Hooker. Obs. 3.—I have detected (June 14, 1844,) a third Australian species of Aeclurus in the collection of my friend G. H. K. Thwaites, Esq., of Bristol, of which the following are the characters :— Aelurus merens; niger, capite et thorace obscuris cinereo paullo setosis, abdomine elongato- ovato, segmento ultimo lateribus rotundatis apice in spinam parvam producto ; capite setis longis griseis postice marginato, maxillis et labio ut in congeneribus, alis fusco-tinetis. Long. corp. lin. 7. Expans. alarum lin. 135. Habitat apud Melbourne (Noy. Holl.) Mus. Thwaites. 125 PLATE LXXVIII. ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME SPECIES OF LONGICORN BEETLES FROM TROPICAL WESTERN AFRICA. LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) COMES, Westw. (Plate 78, fig. 1.) L. nigra nitida, elytris punctatis, maculis numerosis rotundatis, magnitudine diversis, albidis et fulvis, apicibusque fulvis nigro-striatis. Long. corp. lin. 15. In Mus. Dupont, Parisiis. Brack, pronotum strongly angulated in the middle of each side, from which runs a curved raised space ; elytra much punctured ; the humeral angles acute, and porrected ; the dise of each with two longitudinal raised lines; near the suture are two round pale buff spots, edged with greenish, followed by two large round fulvous ones, rather before the middle, attached to the anterior edge of each is a slender pale line, and a small lateral dot; near the middle of each elytron are three smaller roundish spots of pale buff, arranged in a triangle, the outer one being the smallest ; extremity fulvous, divided by the elevated black lines above mentioned : mesosternal process broadly truncate, but not very prominent (fig. 1 a, 1 0.). LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS ?) PRINCEPS, Dupont’s MSS. (Plate 78, fig. 2.) L. luteo-fulva, elytris glauco-albidis; basi, lateribus (versus apicem dilatatis), et fascia lata media (in medio interrupta), brunneis, antennis longis, sterno parvo conico. Long. corp. lin. 16. Habitat in Guinea. In Mus. Dupont. Head and thorax clothed with very short brownish luteo-fulvou pile, having a greenish tinge at the sides of the latter; the eyes margined with whitish. Antenne long, 11-jointed; the terminal joint very long and slender; they are setose beneath for about one- third of their length, and are dark gray, with a brown tinge, the joints being black at the tips. Mandibles simple (fig. 2 a); the sides of the prothorax are armed with a small spine ; the elytra have a broad brown base, with the posterior edge irregular ; the sides of the elytra are also brown, which colour extends into a large patch on each side, running more than half across the middle of the elytra; near the extremity, also, it is dilated into a broader patch of this colour; the remaining space is of a pale dull greenish colour, separated from the brown by a whitish line, following the irregularities of the latter; legs gray-brown ; body beneath entirely 126 LONGICORN BEETLES FROM TROPICAL WESTERN AFRICA. brownish luteous-fulvous; mesosternal process small and conical (fig. 2 6, 2 c), and but slightly prominent. LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) EREMITA, Chevrolat’s MSS. (Plate 78, fig. 3.) L. luteo-albida punctata, supra capite et thorace nigro-maculatis, hoc striga media longitudinali nigra ante medium constricta, elytris albido et nigro variis, plaga magna irregulariter triangulari pallida basali relicta. Long. corp. lin. 10. Habitat in Senegallia. In Mus. D. Chevrolat. Upper side of the body pale luteous-buff, varied with black. The head has a patch in the middle of the hind margin, and two small spots on each side; the face has four minute oblique black spots; antennze short, 11-jointed, black, each joint, after the second, having a broad gray ring at the base: the pronotum has a rather broad black stripe down the centre, and several irregular-shaped smaller black lateral spots, the sides being produced in the middle into an acute black point; the elytra have a large pale irregular triangular-shaped patch at the base, with two minute black dots at the sides of the scutellum, and two at a little distance below it ; the remainder of the elytra are black and punctured, with numerous pale markings of irregular shape, and with pale irrorations upon the black parts; legs pale, with black rings; beneath buff-stone coloured, with a pinkish tinge; the middle of the body black and shining, a minute black spot on each side of the prosternum, and also near the outer hind angle of the mesosternum, and a spot on each side of the abdominal segments united with the black middle patch in the terminal segment. Mesosternal process broadly quadrate, and not porrected (fig. 3 a, 33). LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS?) BICOLOR, Westw. (Plate 78, fig. 4.) L. obscure fusca tomentosa, elytris pallide virescenti-sulphureis. Long. corp. lin. 123. Habitat. Gold Coast, Guinea. In Mus. D. Carter. Nearly allied to L. angulator Olivier, from which it differs in the form of the mesosternal process. Entirely covered with a dull brown silky pubescence, except the elytra, which are of a pale yellowish-green, with an opaline gloss. Eyes and mandibles black ; antennz 12-joited; prothorax with the sides armed with a small pointed tubercle ; mandibles simple, mesosternal process small, conical, channelled, and rather porrected (fig. 4 a, 4 0). The plant represented in the plate is Pontederia natans, Pal. d. B., a native of tropical Western Africa. exten Pee i 127 PLATE LXXIX. DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW ASIATIC SPECIES OF PAPILIO. oe ae PAPILIO PALEPHATES, Boisduval’s MSS. (Plate 79, fig. 1.) P. alis anticis oblongis sub-ovalibus, brunneo-nigris, serie duplici macularum albarum, versus apicem in plagam magnam dilatata, posticis ecaudatis maculis 5 cuneatis lunulisque sex submarginalibus incisurisque fulvis. Expans. alar. unc, 42. Habitat in Manilla. In Mus. reg. Paris. Closely allied to P. Panope, Linn., of which it will probably prove only a geographical variety, differing from the typical Continental individuals in the large pale patch near the tip of the fore wings, and in the hind wings beneath having the veins margined with pale buff. In the disposition of the markings it otherwise accords with P. Panope, but its fore wings are more ovate, the apical margin being a little rounded ; they are of a rich brown colour, with a large whitish patch, formed of three confluent oblong spots near the apex of the wing, followed by a single small oval spot close to the apex; and beneath these are several small conical spots, which become united with the marginal spots, of which there are only six, the apical portion of the wing not possessing them; besides these there are three oval or round spots preceding them, towards the anal angle. The hind wings are brown, with five cuneated pale patches, extending from the anal margin, succeeded by six lunate pale spots extending from the outer angle, and with five fulvous incisural spots, the anal angle bearing a larger oval fulvous spot, in which is a black dot. The fore wings on the under-side are of a paler brown colour, but similarly marked beyond the middle; the base also with several pale dashes. The hind wings have the veins from the base to beyond the middle edged with pale buff; half way between the discoidal cell and the hind margin of the wing is a row of five white crescents, shaded off into the ground colour of the wing, and separated by brown arches from a row of white horse-shoe marks, within which are six large fulvous incisural marks ; the base of all the wings with small round white spots; the body and abdomen are also spotted with black. PAPILIO XENOCLES. (Plate 79, fig. 2.) Syn.— Papilio Xenocles, Doubleday, in Gray’s Zool. Misc., p. 74. P. alis sub-ovalibus ecaudatis, fuscis albido-virescenti striatis et maculatis, posticis macula fulva ad angulum ani notatis. Expans. alar. unc. 33. Habitat in Assam. In Mus. H. Doubleday. Nearly allied to P. Macareus, from which it differs at once in the fulvous patch at the anal angle, in which respect it agrees with 128 DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW ASIATIC SPECIES OF PAPILIO. P. Laodocus, De H. (P. Delessertii, Guér.). The upper side differs from the under only in having the ground colour of all the wings dark brown. The species is described in the work above quoted. PAPILIO LEUCOTHOE, Westw. (Plate 79, fig. 3.) P. alis sub-ovalibus, nigro-fuscis, anticis pone medium seriebus duabus macularum lactearum, internis majoribus, cuneatis (intermediis minoribus) ; alis posticis ecaudatis, lacteo-albidis venis margineque postico fuscis, hoc lunulis sex punctoque anali albidis. Expans. alar. unc. 4. Habitat in India Orientali (circa Pulo Penang?*) In Mus. Britann. Closely allied to P. Clytia + and Laodocus in the form of its wings and arrangement of the wing-veins (especially in the narrowness and length of the discoidal cell of the hind wings), but differs, especially from P. Laodocus, in its markings and colour, so that it cannot be supposed to be a suffused variety of that insect. Fore wings above dark brown, with cream-white spots ; in the discoidal cell are two minute white dots, just pre- ceding the insertion of the second and third branches of the median vein; just beyond the extremity of the discoidal cell also marked with three small white spots, followed by a curved row of nine cuneated marks of unequal size, those towards the inner margin being the largest, the one nearest the costa is round; the seventh and eighth are confluent through more than half their length, and the ninth or innermost one is long and lanceolate; these are followed by a submarginal row of eight round spots, increasing in size to the inner margin, the last being confluent with the patches preceding it. Hind wings brown, with the veins edged with, and the outer margin brown, the latter with six pale submarginal spots; those towards the anal margin being lunate, the anal angle itself with a small pale dot. Under surface similar, but the brown colour is paler, and the base of all the wings is marked with several small round white spots. Head and thorax black, with white spots; abdomen black, with a broad white longitudinal stripe on each side; body beneath spotted with black. The orchidaceous plant represented in the plate is the Trichosma suavis, Lindl., from the Khoseea district of India. * This species was obtained in a collection recently sold by auction by Mess. Stevens, of King Street, Covent Garden, containing specimens of Pap. Laodocus, Fulgora Delessertii, and F, Lathburii K. &c. 3 so that it is most probable that it was from the southern part of the eastern peninsula of India. + Itis accordingly named after her favoured rival, Leucothoe. a Ss ' & ' ; ft 129 PLATE LXXX. ILLUSTRATIONS OF TWO ADDITIONAL SPECIES OF PAPILIO, SENT FROM ASSAM BY MAJOR JENKINS. Since the publication of the 19th number of this work, in which two new species of Papilio, kindly communicated from Assam by Major F. Jenkins, were figured, I have received two cases of insects from the same gentleman, in which were contained speci- mens of the two species represented, for the first time, in the accompanying plate. They had previously, however, been described by myself in the Annals of Natural History, from specimens received from Sylhet by the Rev. J. Stainforth, now in the col- lection of H. Doubleday, Esq. In respect, therefore, to their geographical range, this circumstance becomes of importance. It is also rather remarkable, that all these new Assamese species should be so little striking in their colours. PAPILIO POLLUX. Westw. (Plate 80, fig. 1.) P. alis latis posticis sinuatis ecaudatis, omnibus supra fuscis; anticis supra puncto ad apicem aree discoidalis, serie submarginali et marginali punctorum ad apicem extensis, albidis plagisque duabus plus minusve obliteratis versus angulum internum 3; posticis fascia latissima albida seu virescenti (venis divisa) pone medium; serie lunularum submarginali sinubusque albo marginatis: alis subtus similiter coloratis at fulvo pulverosis in partibus fuscis lunulisque submarginalibus posticarum majoribus, corpore albo punctato, Expans. alar. unc. 44-54. Variat magnitudine macularum coloreque fascie posticarum que subinde fere obliterata est. Habitat Sylhet et Assam. Mus. Doubleday et nostr. The under side of a fine light coloured specimen is here repre- sented, the upper side differing in having the cream-white colour rather less diffused, especially towards the inner angle of the fore wings ; sometimes, also, the marginal spots of the fore wings are entirely, and the submarginal ones nearly, obliterated towards the tip of the wings, except the large one next the tip; the large discoidal spots near the inner angle of the fore wings on the upper side are more or less obsolete, and occasionally confluent with the adjacent submarginal patches. PAPILIO CASTOR. Westw. (Plate 80, fig. 2 and 2*.) P. alis latis anticis apice subacutis, posticis sinuatis ecaudatis, omnibus supra fuscis, anticis venis strigisque intermediis nigris, margine punctis minutis albis; posticis macula magna discoidali (versus angulum externum extensa) alba in 4 vel 5 partes irregulares venis divisa ; sinubus albo marginatis, anticis subtus macula parva ad apicem are: discoidalis, NO. XXI.—Ilst SEPTEMBER, 1844, K 130 ILLUSTRATIONS OF TWO ADDITIONAL SPECIES OF PAPILIO. serie submarginali punctornm (apicalibus interdum obsoletis) punctisque marginalibus albis, posticis maculis 4 albis discoidalibus versus angulum externum alterisque tribus minoribus ad marginem analem interdum adjectis, serie submarginali lunularum albarum sinubusque albo-marginatis ; corpore nigro, albo-punctato. Expans. alar. unc. 33—43. Habitat Sylhet et Assam. Mus. Doubleday et nostr. The plant represented in the plate is the Epidendrum humile, from Nepal. . ” “ 131 PLATE LXXXI. DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO SPECIES OF GOLIATH BEETLES, FROM TROPICAL WESTERN AFRICA. MECYNORHINA SAVAGII, Harris. (Journal of Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist. vol. iv. pl. 21.) M. pronoto obscuré viridi opaco lineis 5 flavis, elytris nigris velutinis sutura utrinque striisque tribus (in singulo) e maculis flavis plus minusve confluentibus notatis, tarsis posticis fulvis ¢ 9. Long. corp. ¢ (cornu capitis incluso) unc. 235 9 unc. 13. Habitat Cape Paimas Africz occid. tropic. D. Savage. In Mus. D. Hope. (Plate 81, figs. 1, 2.) The splendid addition to the family of the Goliath Beetles, represented in the annexed Plate, has been recently discovered in tropical Western Africa, by Dr. Savage, and at his request I have added coloured figures of both sexes of it to my former articles on this tribe of insects, although a previous description has appeared from the pen of the talented Dr. T. W. Harris, of Harvard Uni- versity, Boston, U.S. It is closely allied to the two other species of Mecynorhina, but differs from M. torquatus in its striped thorax, maculated elytra, and furcate horn of the clypeus, in all which respects it is nearer to M. Polyphemus, which is at once known from it by the dark green ground colour of the elytra, anterior tibice of the males multidentate on the inner edge, and especially by the black colour of the posterior tarsi and the emarginate clypeus of the female of the Polyphemus. The male has the head in front of the eyes armed with two porrected black horns, bent outwardly, and the front of the head is produced into a horizontally porrected broad horn, furcate at the tips; the head and upper surface of the frontal horn are entirely clothed with a very fine grayish plush or slight velvety knap, the underside of the latter dark chesnut black; the two other horns are black. The disc of the head is considerably exca- vated. The thorax is dark opaque velvety green above, with five broad yellowish stripes, the two intermediate ones rather dilated in the middle, and the lateral ones having only a very slender — black margin. The scutellum is dark green, with a broad yellow stripe along the middle. The elytra are velvet black, each with three longitudinal rows of fulvous spots, and an irregular stripe of the same colour on each side of the suture, the marginal and sub- sutural spots confluent from the base to the middle. Each elytron K 2 132 DESCRIPTION OF TWO SPECIES OF is pointed at the extremity of the suture, being most conspicuous in the female. The podex is black, with two conspicuous square whitish spots. The fore legs are robust, the femora green, varied beneath with pale whitish plush; the tibie black, with three unequal sized strong teeth on each side, exclusive of the apical spur, those on the outer edge being abruptly bent downwards ; the tarsi of the four fore-feet black, middle tibize with the outer edge entire, the apical spur bent, hind tibize simple on the outer edge, and with a thick coating of golden brown hairs along the inner margin; posterior tibie pale fulvous, with the tips of the joints and claws black. The under side of the prothorax is thickly coated with whitish plush, as are also the sides of the meso- and meta- thorax ; the middle of the mesosternum and thighs are dark opaline green, highly polished. The mesosternal process is broad, porrected and rounded in front, with a thick coating of fulvous pile on its upper side; the abdomen is dark chesnut, with the centre much depressed, and the podex is fringed with fulvous hairs. The female agrees with the male in general characters, but has the head entire and unarmed, the clypeus broad, square, and entire, with the front margin reflexed; the dise of the head is marked with two oblong whitish patches of plush. The anterior tibie are entire along the inner margin, but armed with three ex- tremely acute teeth on the outside; the middle tibie are armed with two teeth on the outside, near the middle, and the posterior ones with a single tooth in the middle ; the underside of the abdo- men is convex and green, and the sides of the breast are covered with a yellowish gray plush, intermixed with coarse hairs. Dr. Savage informed Dr. Harris that this species and M. Poly- phemus feed upon a vine that climbs upon very lofty trees, and that they wound the bark of the vine and extract the juice, the vine being full of a fluid as tasteless and limpid as water; and the natives when travelling in the wood, cut it off and drink the juices when no water can be easily obtained. The males of these as well as of the other gigantic Goliath beetles are found by Dr. Savage to be much more numerous than the females. Every practical collector knows that this is the case with the common Melolonthe and other species, which, like the Goliath beetles, are chiefly taken on the wing. With respect to the geo- graphical distribution of these fine insects, Dr. Savage observed GOLIATH BEETLES, FROM TROPICAL WESTERN AFRICA. 133 that “ the black shouldered G. cacicus abounds on the grain and ivory coasts, and many specimens have been procured at Cape Palmas. When in good condition the black patch is always more or less conspicuous on the shoulder of each elytron in this species, and is never replaced by the pearly white colour which appears on that part in Voet’s figure and description; hence it still remains uncertain whether Voet’s Cacicus ingens be a distinct species, or merely an accidental variety of the black shouldered species. The latter inhabits a tree that grows to the height of thirty or forty feet, with a diameter of six or eight inches, and can be taken in great numbers in the months of December, January and February, when the tree renews its blossoms and leaves. The insects are roasted and eaten by the natives, who say that they are very fat and sweet. Dr. Savage thinks that the Gold Coast, or rather the interior of Guinea, will be found to be the proper locality for Hegemon* Drurii. It is probable that Hegemon Goliatus may be obtained nearer the line, and particularly back of the Gaboon. Mecynorhina torquata is found at Cape Palmas, where many have been obtained within a few years. The tree upon which they live is supposed by Dr. Harris to be a species of Acacia. Dicronorhina micans has been taken at Cape Palmas also, but seems to be rare on that part of the coast. It appears from the observations of Dr. Harris that ‘ the food of the Goliath Beetles is fluid, like that of the Trichiit and Cetonie, insects belonging to the same natural family, but the latter live chiefly on the nectar of flowers, and the former on the sap of plants. The long brushes on their jaws (maxillze), and the diverg- ing rows of hairs that line their lower lips, are admirably fitted for absorbing liquid food, while their horny teeth afford these beetles additional means of obtaining it from the leaves and juicy stems of plants, when the blossoms have disappeared. Thus every new dis- covery in natural history, even when least expected, serves to increase the evidence of skilful contrivance and perfect adaptation of structure in all organized beings.” + * Dr. Harris proposes to restore the name Goliatus, as originally proposed by Linnzeus to designate the species, aud to replace it, for the genus, by the name of Hegemon. + Harris in op. cit. supra. It would be interesting to learn whether any and what distine- tion of natural habits exist between those Goliath Beetles which possess corneous dentated mandibles, and those which have them formed of a slender horny blade. 134 GOLIATH BEETLES, FROM TROPICAL WESTERN AFRICA. CERATORHINA (CCELORHINA) AURATA 4, Westw. (Plate 81, fig. 3.) In the former volume of this work (i. p. 180) I described an insect from the collection of J. Turner, Esq., of Manchester, under this name, being at the time acquainted only with the female. Recently I have observed the male of this insect in the collection of A. Melly, Esq., and Dr. Savage has forwarded specimens of both sexes to the Rev. F. W. Hope from Cape Palmas. The male is accordingly now represented, in order to render the illustrations of the species complete. It measures (including the frontal horn) 14 lines in length, and agrees in colour and general character with the female. The front of the head is, however, produced and square, with the sides and middle rather elevated, and furnished with a rather short horn in the middle of the anterior margin, the extremity of which is greatly dilated and pointed at the sides. The dise of the head is hollowed out, its basal portion extending over the impression, and deeply emarginate, the lateral angles forming two points in advance of the eyes. The fore legs are rather long, with the tibiz unarmed on the outer edge, but the inner edge is very finely serrated (although not perceptibly so unless seen under a lens); the middle and hind tibiz are also unarmed, and the abdomen is longitudinally channelled down the middle. ‘The mando of the male is simple, and that of the female armed with a horny spine. -_ 135 PLATES LXXXII sxv LXXXIII. FURTHER ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS OF AUSTRALIA. Tue Rev. F. W. Hope having, since his return from Italy, placed at my disposal his coliection of Thynnidz, containing several species, of which he had acquired both sexes from W.S. MacLeay and C. D. E. Fortnum, Esqrs., I am induced to add figures of these and some other allied insects to my previous illustrations, our knowledge of the true arrangement of this family depending so greatly upon the determination of the sexes of the different species. THYNNUS LEACHIELLUS, Westw. Plate 77, fig. 1 g. (T. interruptus.) Plate 83, fig. 4 9. Both sexes of this species having been received by Mr. Hope from Mr. MacLeay, the female is now represented. In several respects it differs from the females of the more typical species; but as these differences appear to be of no higher than specific value. it is unnecessary at present to establish a separate subgenus for its reception. The female is black varied with yellow, the head black and shining, of nearly equal breadth with the prothorax ; it has on each side a deep longitudinal impression, extending from the base of the antennz to the back part of the head, leaving the middle of the face much elevated. These impressions are smooth, but the rest of the head is punctured. The antenne are black, the mandibles pitchy and entire, with the tips black. The lower parts of the mouth are minute, the palpi of the maxille almost obsolete and apparently two-jointed (fig. 4 a), and those of the labium rather larger and three-jointed (fig. 4 4). The prothorax is smooth, polished, and nearly flat on its upper side, being almost entirely, except along its posterior margin, occupied by a broad yellow fascia, bearing a short brown line in the middle; the mesothorax is short, narrow, and yellow, and the metathorax black, nearly as broad as the prothorax, angulated at the sides, and with the posterior extre- mity transversely deflexed. The legs are black, with the articula- tions pitchy and the tarsi paler. The fore tarsi are densely spinose, the middle tibize thick and also setose, the setze mixed with short spines, and the hind tarsi long, slender, and very setose. The 136 FURTHER ILLUSTRATIONS OF abdomen is large and convex, the basal segment with a vellow fascia before the extremity, and behind the fascia marked with two slender elevated carinated strie. The second segment is large, with a yellow fascia, and with the entire surface marked with four- teen or fifteen transverse elevated carinated striz. The third and fourth segments are black and polished, the third with a slender pale yellow fascia, dilated into a round yellow spot at each side, and the fourth with a rather broader fascia, interrupted in the middle, and also dilated at the sides; the fifth segment is very deeply emarginate above for the reception of the sixth segment, which is very delicately transversely streaked at the base and sides, the extremity forming a thick truncated anal appendage (fig. 4 c, 4d), rounded beneath, where it is marked by a semicircular impres- sion. The abdomen beneath is entire, with the fifth segment longi- tudinally striated. The length of the female is nearly six lines. The specimen of the male sent by Mr. MacLeay with this female is smaller than my individual, measuring only 103 lines in length, and having the head and thorax more coated with fine short hairs, my specimen having been injured by the attacks of insects. Mr. MacLeay has forwarded this species under the name of T. interruptus, Leach, being the same name as is applied to the male in the British Museum collection, and which was thence adopted by mein p. 115. As, however, Dr. Klug has described a species from Southern Brazil with the same name, | have been compelled to give it a new specific denomination. THYNNUS SHUCKARDI, Guérin. (Mater. s. 1. Thynnides, Mag. de Zool. 1842, pl. 100, fig. 13 ¢. T. ferrugineus, Leach MSS.) The male of this insect having been described and figured by M. Guérin Méneville, in the Magasin de Zoologie for 1842, I have not thought it necessary to refigure it; but as Mr. Hope has received both sexes from Mr. MacLeay, I have figured the female, and added M. Guérin’s description of the male, which is as follows :— Maie—‘‘ Noir chaperon et. base des mandibules jaunes, téte et abdomen [thorax* | couverts d’un duvet jaune trés-dense et a reflets dorés soyeux. Dessus de l'abdomen d’un jaune ferrugineux, plus pale 4 la base avec la plaque inférieure du dernier segment trés- saillante en arriére lancéolée, stri¢e transversalement et terminée * J presume that M. Guérin has made a mistake, by describing the abdomen instead of the thorax as covered with down, the abdomen being naked in the section of the genus to which T. Shuckardi belongs. THE THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS OF AUSTRALIA, 137 par une épine aigue et un peu arquée en haut. Ailes jaunes trans- parentes a base, et nervures brunes. Antennes, pattes et dessous du corps noirs, avec un faible duvet gris-jaunatre. Long. 26 mill. [13 lin.] Hab. la Nouvelle Hollande.”* Female.—(P1. 83, fig. 5.) The specimen of this sex sent by Mr. MacLeay in company with the male, is seven lines long, and of a chesnut colour. The head is convex and punctured, slightly broader than the prothorax; the antennz chesnut-brown, the clypeus truncate in front, the labrum short and strongly ciliated (fig. 5 a), the mandibles are large, sickle-shaped, and entire, chesnut coloured, with the tips black and furnished with long hairs on the outer margin of the under side ; the maxille (fig. 5 6) are small and the maxillary palpi almost rudimental, the mentum also small and furnished with minute 3-jointed palpi (fig.5 ¢). The prothorax is almost flat above, and nearly transversely quadrate, with a row of strong punctures along its fore margin; the meso and metathorax are more punctured, the latter with the sides obtusely angulated, and its hind part not so suddenly and transversely deflexed as in the preceding species; the femora are black, the tibize (especially the fore pair) more pitchy, and the tarsi pitchy and very setose ; in their structure they agree with the preceding species. The abdo- men is large, oval, and convex, the basal segment rugose, with a carinated transverse stria near the apical margin; the following segment is large, with seven or eight carinated transverse striz across it, the posterior ones being wider apart; the third segment is irregularly punctured, as is also the 4th on its posterior margin, where it is furnished with irregular gray hairs ; the fifth segment is deeply emarginate for the reception of the anal segment, which is contracted at its base and dilated into a flattened truncated terminal plate, with a minute tooth on each side above and a waved slit below, whence the exserted aculeus and its appendages are emitted; the sides of the preceding segment are furnished with long golden-coloured setze ; the entire body is black beneath, the abdomen entire, and punctate, and the fifth segment irregularly but transversely rugose. * The following are the characters of a species in my collection closely allied to T. Shuckardi :— Tuynnus Guerin, Westw. Niger, capite et pro- et mesothorace aurotomentosis, metathorace griseo piloso, clypeo et mandibulis flavis; abdomine levi nitido supra fulvo- brunneo basi pallidiori, subtus nigro, brunneo vario, spina apicali lanceolata, basi utrinque angulata apiceque acuto instructo, alis flavidis anticis basi fuscis venis stigmateque nigricantibus, femoribus nigris tibiis tarsisque piceo-brunneis. | Long. Corp. lin. 12. Expans. alar. lin. 23. Habitat King George’s Sound. Mus. Westw. 138 FURTHER ILLUSTRATIONS OF THYNNUS (THYNNOIDES) OBSCURUS, Klug. (Ueber Thynnus F, p. 22, Pl. annex. fig. 4 ¢.) The male of this species having been described and figured by Dr. Klug, the opposite sex only is here represented ; both sexes having been forwarded to Mr. Hope by Mr. MacLeay, under the name of T. nasutus Me. L. The male is described as follows by Dr. Klug :— Th. fusco-niger albido villosus, pedibus brunneis. Mas. Long. lin. 10. Ubique dense punctatus. Clypeus porrectus dorso convexus, carinatus apice truncatus, flavo mar- ginatus. Mandibule flavee marginibus apiceque nigris. Antennee abdomine vix breviores. Prothorax apice membranaceus pallidus, tegulz apice testacee. Caput antice, gene, pectus, metathorax, latera abdominis dense albo villosa, Als infuscate, nervis stigmateque nigris. Pedes brunnei, coxis, tarsis, anticorum femoribus basi nigris ; abdominis segmentum dorsale ultimum dorso impressum ; spina in abdominis apice porrecta lanceolata acuta incurva, basi utrinque obsolete tuberculata. This sex, which I have received from Mr. Curtis, differs from the males of the other Thynnoides in not having the anterior cox dilated and cup-shaped. The female (Plate 82, fig. 2,) partakes of the obscure and seri- ceous appearance of the male, being black, with a slight pitchy tinge, the head convex and extremely delicately punctured, the punctation being visible only with a lens, the clypeus short and truncate at the tip, the mandibles reddish, with the tips black, the antennee pitchy, the maxillary palpi (fig. 2 a) almost obsolete, the labial palpi (fig. 22) longer and 3-jointed. The thorax is black and finely punctured, the hind margin of the prothorax membranous and pitchy, the legs pitchy brown and thickly setose ; the abdomen is large and convex, the first segment widely punctured, with a single carinated stria near the hinder margin, the second segment large and transversely marked with about seven carinated striz, the third segment is very finely punctured, and divided transversely into two parts by an impressed line; the hind part of this and the followmg segments clothed with very fine gray down. The anal segment (fig. 2c, 2 d) is deflexed, oval-truncate, and longitudinally striated, with the aculeus exserted and directed downwards; the basal segment beneath is angulated. The body beneath is black, with a gray sericeous coating, and with the fifth segment very thickly punctate. The specimen of the female sent by Mr. MacLeay is six lines long. THE THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS OF AUSTRALIA. 139 THYNNUS (THYNNOIDES) GRACILIS, Westw. (Plate 83, fig. 2, 3.) 3 Th. elongatus, totus niger, albo-setosus, alis hyalinis apicibus obscurioribus, coxis anticis sub- cochleatis. Long. corp. lin. 8. Expans. alar. lin, 14. Q piceo-nigra, griseo-setosa, abdomine nigricanti, segmentis posticis postice punctatis. Long. corp. lin. 5. Habitat prope Portum Adelaide. D. Fortnum. Mus. D. Hope. The male of this species (fig. 2) is of a more attenuated form than in the other Thynnoides. It is uniformly of a black colour, and clothed with silvery white hairs on the under-side of the body and legs. The head is transverse, black, and punctured with a tubercle between the eyes, at the sides of which the antenne are placed, a slender, straight, polished line running down it and the clypeus, which is considerably produced, convex, punctured, with the extreme lateral edges whitish ; the mandibles and palpi are black, the antennze rather slender, and about the length of the abdomen ; the thorax is black and punctured, the anterior lateral angles of the prothoracie collar are angularly prominent. The mesothorax is marked on each side with two impressed lines near the tegule, and within these are two abbreviated impressions, not extending to the anterior margin; the tegule are black. The abdomen is black, with the segments slightly constricted, each with a strong transverse impression across the base, and with a semicircular prominence on each side beyond the middle. The seventh segment is furnished with a small, circular, and rather deep impression near its extremity above, and with a minute tubercle on each side (fig. 2. a, 2 6), and the extremity of the abdo- men is armed with a slender spine, the tip of which is suddenly attenuated. The legs are slender, black, and clothed with grayish white hairs; the anterior coxe are dilated and slightly excavated. The abdomen beneath is strongly punctured; the anterior and second segment not angulated nor tuberculated in the middle, but the second and three following segments have on each side, towards the posterior margin, a very slight conical protuberance, with a slightly elevated line extending between them. The wings are hyaline, with the tips dusky, more especially at the extremity of the marginal cell. The female (pl. 88, fig. 3) is also rather more slender than those of the preceding species; it is of a pitchy black colour, the abdo- men being blacker than the rest of the body. The head is broader 140 FURTHER ILLUSTRATIONS OF than the prothorax, and nearly rounded, convex, remotely punc- tated, and sparingly furnished with gray hairs; the mandibles pitchy, with the tips black; the antenne obscure pitchy. The prothorax is smooth and polished, with a row of setigerous punc- tures in front. The meso and metathorax are punctured, the latter with the hind part obliquely truncate. The abdomen is elongate cylindric, with the ends rounded, the basal segment deeply but remotely punctured with a transverse carinated stria, at a little distance preceding the hind margin, the space between these being delicately rugose ; the second segment has one of these carinated strize at a little distance from the base, and another at the like distance from the hind margin, the intervening space occupied by five curved striz ; the third segment has also one of these striae near its base, the space between it and the hinder margin thickly punctate; the basal half of the two next segments is smooth, and the hind half punctured; the fifth segment is thickly setose, and the sixth forms a porrected deflexed anal appendage, dilated in the middle (fig. 3a, 36). The legs are pitchy and setose; the middle and hind tibie also armed with minute spines on the outer edge. The body beneath is pitchy; the abdo- men entire beneath, with the first and second and the posterior half of the following segments thickly punctured. THYNNUS KLUGII, Hope MS. (Plate 82, fig. 1.) T. niger subtus argenteo-sericeus, clypeo et collare fulvis, scutello elevato pedibusque brunneis, metathorace et abdominis basi griseo lanato; alis fulvis venis brunneis ¢. Long. corp. lin. 18. Expans, alar. lin. 32. Habitat Swan River. D. Roe. Mus. Hope et Brit. This fine species, by far the largest in the family, has been appropriately named by the Rey. F. W. Hope, in honour of Dr. Klug. The head is black and delicately punctured, rather depressed on each side, between the ocelli and eyes, the front of the head furnished with a broad tubercle, at the sides of which the antenne are affixed; these have the basal-joint pitchy and the remainder black, and with the apical joints attenuated to a point; the clypeus is prominent and convex, nearly truncate at its extremity, and con- cealing the labrum, and is fulvous; the sides of the face above the mandibles (fig. | a) are thickly coated with fine silvery hairs, the mandibles are robust and fulyous brown, with the tips and THE THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS OF AUSTRALIA. 141 inner margin black ; they are furnished near the base beneath with a strong brush of fulvous hairs, the inferior parts of the mouth and the palpi are fulvous, the head beneath is black and thickly setose. The prothorax is dark fulvous, with the anterior margin prominent on each side, the tegule are fulvous, the mesonotum is black, with the lateral margins rather elevated and two impressed iongitudinal lines coated with short fulvous down; the scutellum is brunneous and elevated in the middle into two slightly conical tubercles, the metanotum is black, minutely punctured and densely clothed with fine gray hairs. The abdomen is nearly as long as, but narrower than, the head and thorax, it is elongate-ovate, convex above, black, shining, and scarcely punctate, the basal joint rather abruptly deflexed to the place of its insertion, and with a brush of gray hairs on each side; the seventh segment is abruptly deflexed, striated and ‘truncated, the last ventral segment terminated in an obtuse deflexed and curved point (fig. 14, 1¢). The femora and tibiz are dark chesnut, the posterior pair of the former angulated in the middle of the hind margin and terminated below in a spine; the tarsi are paler, the posterior pair being twice as long as the tibize, the basal joint of the anterior tarsi is coated with short silver gray hair on its outer edge. The wings are large and stained deep yellow, with brown veins and stigmata; the supplemental vein in the first sub- marginal cell is very slender; the body beneath is black, finely punctured and thickly pubescent ; the anterior coxze and the bifid point of the mesosternum brunneous ; the latter is marked with three longitudinal impressed lines, which do not reach the anterior margin. THYNNUS GRAVIDUS, Westw. (Plate 82, fig. 3.) Q_ Th. niger, antennis mandibulis prothorace scutello pedibusque rufo-castaneis, abdomine maximo flavo fasciato. Long. Corp. lin. 14. JJabitat in Nova Hollandia. Mus. Hope. The large size of this insect, together with its peculiar colouring and the structure of its hind femora, induce me to think it probable that it may be the female of Th. Klugii. The head is small, black, and convex above, the sides and hind margin being nearly straight, with the angles rounded off: it is thickly punctated, especially in front where it is produced into a bifid tubercle, at the sides of which the antenne are inserted; these, judging from the two basal joints, are fulyous brown, as is also the 142 FURTHER ILLUSTRATIONS OF very short clypeus, and the broad but entire mandibles, of which the tips are black, and the under-side furnished with long hairs (fig. 3a); the labrum is short, exposed and setose; the maxillary palpi are very small, but they consist of six joints (fig. 36, 3c) ; the labial palpi are also minute, but they are four-jointed (fig. 3 d, 3e); the prothorax is large and quadrate, bemg broader than the head, with the posterior portion rather narrowed; it is finely punctured and has a circular impression on each side, which may, however, possibly be accidental; the mesothorax is small and chesnut-red, and the metathorax black and punctated, with the lateral angles rounded off. The abdomen is very large, and semi- cylindrical, the first and second segments being destitute of gloss and very finely rugose, and the remaining segments glossy and impunctate; the anterior segment is yellow above, with several black dots on the deflexed basal part, and the hind margin is also black; the second segment has the anterior and posterior margin black, and of equal breadth ; the following joints are also similarly coloured, but the black basal part is much broader than the posterior margin; the sides of the intermediate segments are also dotted with black; the fifth segment is nearly as large as the preceding and not emarginate at its hinder edge; the terminal segment is entirely black, thick, convex above, truncated at the extremity, with the sides slightly striated (3, 3g). The abdomen beneath is pitchy, varied with obscure red, the fourth segment having two transverse marks of this colour; the first segment is angulated at its base. The legs are chesnut-red; the anterior short, with the spur at the extremity of the tibiz half as long as the tarsi; the basal joint of the tarsi, on the outer edge, spinose ; the posterior femora are emarginate on the hinder edge, beyond the middle, and the posterior tarsi are twice as long as the tibiee. The six-jointed maxillary and four-jointed labial palpi, together with the strong spur of the fore-feet, the character of the second segment of the abdomen, and the notched posterior femora, are characters which do not occur in the females of the typical Thynni. I cannot, however, regard them as of higher value than specific, considering that the true character of the females of the genus Thynnus consists in the rudimental size of the palpi, and which is not overbalanced by their possessing the typical number of joints, THE THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS OF AUSTRALIA. 143 THYNNUS PURPURIPENNIS, Westw. (Plate 83, fig. 1.) Th. niger nitidus griseo parum setosus, abdomine elongato subdepresso, alis nigricantibus purpureo-nitidis, Long. corp. lin. 12. Expans. alar. lin. 20. Habitat in Nova Holland. Mus. D. Turner. This very distinct species is entirely of a black colour, more or less clothed with fine silvery pubescence, especially on the under side of the body and face. It is of a long and narrow form, almost approaching that of the males of Rhagigaster. The head is strongly punctured with a wide but slight tubercle in front, at the sides of which the antennz are placed; the clypeus is long and truncate, concealing the labrum; and the mandibles are eurved, rather slender, and with a tooth within near the tip, clothed on the under-side with long slender hairs; the antennz are slender, pointed at the tips, and scarcely longer than the thorax ; the maxillary palpi are six- and the labial four-jointed. The thorax is finely punctate; the scutellum convex and slightly elevated, and the metathorax elongated. The abdomen is long and sub-depressed, each segment (except the first and last) with a rather deep transverse impression across the base, and with the lateral portion of each towards the hind margin more convex, so as to render each segment more convex just preceding the posterior margin. The sixth segment is armed with a small tooth on each side at the extremity, and the anal segment is ter- minated by an obconical, flattened horn, finely pointed at its tip (fig. 1b, 1c); the wings are black, with a fine purple gloss, and the tips rather lighter coloured. The legs are black; the inter- mediate segments of the abdomen beneath are marked with a transverse slender impressed line near the base. ENTELES, Westw. Subgenus novum characteribus feemineis adhuc tantum distinguendum, Thynnis typicalibus valde affine sed palpis perfectis gaudens. Caput mediocre subquadratum convexum; mandibule integree curvate imberbes. Labrum clypeo haud absconditum (fig. 4 a). Maxille (fig. 4 6) perfecte palpis forme ordinarie 6-articulatis. Mentum elongatum (fig. 4 c) basi attenuatum supra longitudinaliter cari- natum, labio omnino retracto, palpis labialibus perfectis 4-articulatis. Thorax tripartitus apterus. Abdomen magnum conyexum, segmento secundo supra striolato apicali obtuse truucato (figs. 4 d, 4). Pedes robusti setosi fossorii unguibus apice bifidis. 144 FURTHER ILLUSTRATIONS OF Species Unica. ENTELES BICOLOR, Westw. (Plate 82, fig. 1.) Th. (Ent.) niger, mandibulis thorace et pedibus rufis 2. Long. corp. fere lin. 4. Habitat King George’s Sound. Mus. Westwood. The head is black and punctured; the mandibles red, and not bearded beneath: they are entire along the inner margin. The antennz are short and black; the thorax is strongly punctured above, as is also the abdomen, which is entirely black, except the terminal deflexed segment, which is pitchy-red at its extremity. All the segments haye a carinated stria across, near the hinder margin, and the second segment is also marked with five or six similar strize across its disc. The apical segment is obtusely trun- cate, deflexed, and longitudinally striated, emitting the aculeus from its lower extremity. The legs are red, robust, and apparently formed for burrowing. EIRONE, Westw. Mas, alatus. Labrum ciliatum clypeo haud absconditum. Mandibule intus dente subapicali instructee (pl. 82, fig. 5 @). Maxille, lobo apicali in duas partes haud diviso, palpi perfecti 6-articulati (fig-5 5). Palpi labiales, 4-articulati articulis sensim decrescentibus (fig. 5 ¢) abdomen elongato-ovatum apice integrum haud spinosum (fig. 5 e). Alarum vene ut in Thynnis disposite vena spuria in cellula 1ma submarginali fere obliterata. Pedes graciles unguibus apice bifidis (fig. 5 d). Femina, aptera. Caput oblongum planum; oculi laterales, fere ad angulos anticos positi. Ocelli O. Antenne fere in margine antico capitis affixee (fig.6 a) convolute. Labrum clypeo haud absconditum setosum. Mandibule (fig. 6 a) dente interne fere ad apicem instructs, parum curvate et vix setose. Maxille parve palpis gracilibus 4-articulatis articulo lmo minimo (fig.6 6). Mentum ovale compressum. Labium omnino retractum, palpi labiales 4-articulati (fig. 6 ¢) articulo ultimo longiori. Thorax depressus oblongus 3-partitus, mesothorace parvo; abdomen elongatum depressum apice aculeo exserto instructum (figs. 6 f, 6g). Pedes ut videtur fossorii, tibiis anticis crassis bicalcaratis tarsi antici articulo basali curvato curvatura serie spinularum depressarum instructa (fig. 6 d). Ungues basi dilatati (fig. 6 e). Sprcres Unica. EIRONE DISPAR, Westw. (Plate 82, figs. 5 4,6 9.) Mas. E. Niger nitidus punctatus alis limpidis. Long. corp. lin. 42. Expans. alar. lin. 7. Femina. Fulvescens tenuissime punctata. Long. corp. lin. 23. The great diversity between the two insects represented in Plate 82, figures 5 and 6, and the similarity of the winged indi- vidual to the male Thynni, and of the apterous one to the genus Scleroderma, would have made me hesitate in publishing them as the sexes of one species, were I not convinced that entire reliance might be placed on the observations of Mr. Fortnum, by whom they were collected at Adelaide, in Southern Australia, and for- warded to Mr. Hope, during the present year. THE THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS OF AUSTRALIA. 145 The male (pl. 82, f. 5) is entirely black and slightly clothed with grey hairs, the head is nearly round and strongly punctured ; the clypeus but slightly porrected ; the labrum pitchy and setose ; the mandibles are pitchy red, with the base and apex black ; the thorax is oblong, truncated in front and rounded at the metathorax ; the pro- and mesothorax are regularly punctured, but the metathorax is very delicately rugose. The abdomen is sub-depressed, fusiform and thickly punctured, especially at the base of the segments, the basal segment with a deep longitudinal impressed line: the three following segments are marked with a rather deep transverse impression across the base, and have a slightly raised space on each side, near the hind margin ; the extremity is destitute of spines or tubercles, the under side is also simple and thickly punctured ; the legs and antenne are slender and black, and the hyaline wings, nearly colourless, but strongly iridescent, with the veins and stigma black. The female (pl. 82, f. 6) is entirely fulvous, the fifth segment of the abdomen alone being of a darker colour; the whole surface of the body is remotely punctured, the punctures being oblong, but minute; the head is oblong and depressed, with a slight longitudinal impression in front, extending to the bifid projection at the sides of which the antennze are placed; the mandibles, unlike those of Sclero- derma, are curved and acutely pointed at the tips, with a small tooth on each side, near the extremity ; the thorax is rather longer than the head, the mesothorax being the widest part, the sides of which are swollen; the metathorax is narrowest at the base, and rather slanting. The abdomen is long, entire and uniform, the second segment exhibiting none of the peculiarities of the true Thynni: the legs are short, the posterior femora and tibiz dilated, the latter furnished on the outer margin with short strong sete, thus differing entirely from the feet of the Scleroderme, which are not fossorial. The plant represented in Plate 83 is the Australian Tetratheca Thymifolia of Smith. In addition to the various memoirs upon the Thynnides noticed in the previous pages of this work, I have to add that Dr. Erichson, in his Memoir on the Insects of Van Diemen’s Land, published in the Archiv. fur Naturgeschichte for 1842, has described four additional species of Thynnus, together with a new genus named Ariphron, founded upon an apterous female closely allied to NO. XXII.—1sf NOVEMBER, 1844. lt 146 THE THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS OF AUSTRALIA. Thynnus, but having the head twice as broad as the thorax (which is tripartite), the sides of the mesothorax furnished ‘ processu aleeformi”); the maxillary palpi 6-jointed, with the joints subzequal, and the tarsal ungues simple. The type A. bicolor is 5 lines long. The following is its specific character given by Dr. Erichson, together also with those of his four species of Thynnus :-— Ariphron bicolor.—Rufus, capite piceo, abdomine nigro apice rufo. Long. 5 lin. Thynnus Olivieri.—Mas.; niger, pedibus rufis, thorace supra fulvo villoso, abdomine supra 4—, infra bifariam flavo-maculato. Frm.—Rufa, capite subgloboso thoraceque immaculatis'abdomine piceo, segmentis 1—5. 4-fariam flavo-maculatis, 1. levissimo. Long. 73 lin. Thynnus, senilis. — Niger, albido-villosus pedibus concoloribus, clypeo flavo. (Mas.) Long. 54—73 lin. Thynnus fervidus. — Niger, clypeo, mandibulis scutelloque flavis, thorace rufo-vario, abdomine pedibusque rufis. (Mas.) Long. 6% lin. Thynnus humilis. — Niger, cinereo-hirtellus mandibulis testaceis abdominis segmentis exolete flavo-marginatis, secundo transversim bicarinato. (Fem.) Long. 33 lin. | ae rove) ZAC 44 7 M : 4 a : : j h - ‘ a : rs on * a ; . ' ~ - 7 . 2 ‘ s . 5 ' r . 3 ‘ te a “3 +4 - ’ . _- : J = : s 7 i le : bm iy a = =* er a : fs 1 a : t ae ee eer r y a ‘ ‘ o : 7 7 7 os P * = » { ara : ‘ na ae) ory Tes i ' c Bee 5 \ Wes She Pes 7 5 4 ; aS . ie Ensen od i * ' eae Seer nee ee F ; bs = t "i —_ oT : ia : . qin i ; ; ‘ a ae a, > = 7 I 7 i he ; a = i ~o : , en Ed -& : : a ; s > ia Ce ae > > i . 4 - 7 : + ‘ ql oe : : 4 5 _ : + ; : ; : 1 at Y a. = : my = 25 e y. - 4 7 ’ is 48 i E- : : : ; ~ oo « ‘ 7 7 : = a = : ‘ : 7 z a Av ca Ff PLATENS - = eaters seen ten a 810 44 147 PLATES LXXXIV, LXXXV, ann LXXXVI. ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME AFRICAN SPECIES OF LONGICORN BEETLES. Previous to entering upon the descriptions of the species of Longicorn beetles, represented in the accompanying plates, it is proper to make the following observations, with reference to some of the other Longicorns figured in the three plates already devoted to that family in the present volume. LAMIA OBESA. (Plate 64, fig. 5.) This insect, I am informed by M. C. Sommer, Esq., of Altona, is known in the continental collections under the name of Phryneta Dregei.—Klug MSS. As, however, no descrip- tion of the insect had been published, it was impossible for me to have the least idea of its identity with my species, especially as it is given in Dejean’s Catalogue as a native of the Cape of Good Hope. The characters of the genus Phryneta are given in the Histoire Naturelle des Insectes Coléoptéres of the Count de Castelnau, vol. 2, p. 477. LAMIA PALINII. (Plate 74, fig. 2.) This species appears to me to be identical with the Lamia principalis of Dalmau. Schonh. Syn. Ins. 1., pt. 3, App. p. 162. Mr. Hope has recently received a specimen of it from Cape Palmas. LAMIA COMES. (Plate 78, fig. 1.) Is identical with Lamia cornutor Fabr., the typical specimen of which, described by Fabricius, is still preserved in the Cabinet of the British Museum. It is a male—that represented in my plate being a female. The locality given by Fabricius of ** America” is evidently erroneous, the group to which it belongs being confined to the African continent. M. Dupont is unfortunately unacquainted with the locality of his specimen, it being marked in his collection, Madagascar, with a point of doubt. Syy. Lamia cornutor, Fabricius. S. Ent. p. 178. Ent. Syst. 1, pt.2, p. 292. Olivier Entomol. 4. Ceramb. pl. 17, p. 132. LAMIA PRINCEPS. (Plate 78, fig. 2.) Is referred by M. Dupont to the genus Zoographus Dejean, described ty Laporte de Castelnau in the Hist. Nat. Ins. Col. 2, p. 473, but without any notice of the structure of the sterna, which forms the chief character of the group. LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) NORRISII. Westw. (Trans. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 148, pl. xv. A. Plate 84, fig. 1, and details.) L. supra opaca nigro-fuliginosa, elytris postice flavo-cinctis, antennis subtus pedibusque hirsutie opalina indutis. Long. corp. unc. 13. Long. antenn. une. 34 (art. ult. unc. 14). Habitat apud Sierram Leonam. In Mus. D. Norris. The head is black, with the sides behind the eyes of an opaline green colour; the antenne are very long, 11-jointed, and black, no i 148 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME AFRICAN SPECIES with the underside tinged with opaline green. The mandibles are large, and furnished with an angular tubercle near the base on the outside ; they are black, with the dise opaline green, which is also the colour of the upper lip and palpi. The prothorax is black, with the disk irregular, being marked with two transverse impressions. The scutellum and elytra are black; the latter with the shoulders rather rounded (not obliquely truncate), and the outer margins beyond the middle coloured yellow, dilated towards the apex. The abdomen is golden-coloured above, and black beneath, except the two basal segments, which are yellow. The prosternum is rather prominent and dilated, sub-truncated, (fig. 1 d,) and the mesosternal process is also slightly prominent and rounded in front. The underside of the whole of the thorax is yellow; the legs are black, the upper side of an opaline green, and the under side of the coxee and femora yellow. Notwithstanding the great length of the antenne, and especially of the last joint of those organs, in the unique specimen hitherto known of this species, indicating the male sex, the slight toothing of the mandibles, and moderate size of the sternal processes, are remarkable. (Fig. 1a, the head, seen in front; 1 4, the same, sideways; 1c, the thorax beneath.) LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) CRUX NIGRA. Hope. (Trans. Zool. Soc. 1, p. 104, pl. xv. fig. 2. Plate 85, fig. 4.) L. straminea; thorace nigro, vittis tribus luteis; elytris macula cruciformi nigra alterisque duabus rotundatis aurantiis. Long. corp. lin. 11. Lat. 4. Habitat in Sierra Leone, D. Palin. In Mus. D. Hope. This lovely species has the antennz very long, and 11-jointed, the terminal joint being but moderately elongated ; they are black above, and light greenish grey beneath. The head is black, varied with luteous, and with two golden-coloured spots beneath the eyes. The thorax is black, with a golden-coloured spot on each side, and a central and two lateral luteous vittee, the dorsal one being interrupted in front, and ending before the scutellum, which is concolorous. The elytra are pale straw-coloured, variegated with lemon and dark and light orange tints, and marked with a large black (St. Andrew’s) cross, having two red and two pale buff spots. The body beneath is unicolorous; and the feet are black above, and grey beneath, OF LONGICORN BEETLES. 149 LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) IMPERIALIS. Fad. (Plate 86, fig. 3.) L. thorace spinoso, ferrugineo villosa, viridi-fasciata ; antennis longis atris, capite villoso ferru- gineo obscure lineato, orbita oculorum viridi, thorace striga media impressa fasciaque postica viridi ; elytris villoso ferrugineis fasciis duabus, anteriore recta, media e maculis tribus quadratis concatenatis, punctoque postico, viridibus ; pedibus ferrugineis. Syn. Lamia imperialis, Fabricius; Syst. Eleuth. 2, p. 286. Cerambyx luteo-obscurus, Voet, Col. Ed. Panz. iii, ps 20s LO stabideks Loe Cerambyx ornatus, Olivier Entomol. Ceramb. pl. 4, fig. 24 ec. Lamia bifasciana, Fabr. Ent. Syst. 1, p. 281. Fabricius suggests that this insect may be a possible variety (nuper declaratum) of his L. regalis; but that species is abundantly distinct, not only in its markings, but also in its longitudinally multi-striated elytra and the rounded humeral angles. The Fabrician description abstracted above accords exactly with a specimen from Guinea,. received by the Rev. F. W. Hope from Mr. Westermann, whose residence at Copenhagen enables him to determine the identity of those Fabrician species which were described, (as was the case with the one before us,) from the collection of M. Sehestedt. This specimen is represented in my pl. 86, fig. 3. It is a male, and has the mandibles armed with a strong, rather deflexed spine in front near the base, the outside of the mandibles being green, and the remainder black. The middle of the face and labrum are fulvous, the former with two rather broad green bars extending from the base of the antenne to the mouth; the sides of the head behind the eyes are also green ; there is a diamond-shaped fulvous patch on the middle of the crown, the hind part of the head being green; the prothorax is fulvous, with a slender green transverse fascia across the anterior part, and the hind part of the prothorax, including the spaces behind the lateral teeth, are also green. The humeral angles of the elytra are very prominent, and angularly truncate; the anterior green fascia is, as it were, divided into two parts by a slaty-green stripe, and the three green spots forming the central curved fascia are margined with dark slaty green; besides the spot in the middle of each elytron towards the extremity, there is a little green patch next the suture, which is itself also green. The feet are green, with the undersides more golden. I possess two beautiful varieties of this species, one in which the green markings are of a bluer hue, and separated from each other by, or margined with, black lines; and the other in which the ground colour of the insect is of a browner fulvous colour, and the 150 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME AFRICAN SPECIES green markings of a golden hue, destitute of the black or slate- coloured edges. The feet are also of a more golden fulvous colour. Both are females. The latter of these specimens was presented to me by J. A. Turner, Esq., of Manchester. The Fabrician L. bifasciata, described from the British Museum cabinet, is identical with L. imperialis. The locality of Jamaica must therefore be considered as erroneous. LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) MIRABILIS. (Plate 86, fig. 5.) I, thorace spinoso, nigra, elytris antice fasciis duabus, postice punctis, (8 vel 9 in singulo) viridibus, elytris basi mucronatis. Long. corp. lin. 9—11. Habitat the Gold Coast, Afr. tropic occident. Syn. Cerambyx mirabilis, Drury Tl, vol. 2, pl. 31, fig. 1. and Append. vol. 2. Cerambyx pulcher, Fabr. Ent. Syst. 1, pt. 2, p. 269. Syst. Eleuth. 2 p. 285. Schon- herr, Syn. Ins. 1, part 3, p. 372. Olivier Entomol. Ceramb. pl. 22, fig. 167. Sternodonta prasina, Hope MSS. This handsome species is varied with black and sericeous green or golden green colours, the latter forming very distinct marks. The face is green, marked on each side with an oblique black line from the base of the antenne to the base of the mandibles; there is also a black line extending from the under side of the eyes to the sides of the mouth; and also a narrow green fascia across the crown of the head. The thorax is marked with three green transverse fascize, the middle one being the broadest and curved, there being an additional slender abbreviated green fascia within the open space formed by this curve ; there are also two green spots behind the lateral teeth of the prothorax. The elytra are marked at the base with a transverse green fascia, behind which is a rather broader and more oblique one, slightly interrupted near the lateral margins, and followed by about nine equi-distant and nearly equal sized green patches, of which the two anterior and lateral, and the two apical ones are sometimes more or less confluent ; the hinder ones being more or less irregular. The male (represented in the plate) differs from the female, in having a much broader head, large dentated mandibles, and longer antennee, the tips of the joints being more nodose. LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) PULCHRA. L. nigra thorace transverse fulvo trifasciato ; elytris fulvo maculatis et variegatis maculis interdum viridi cinctis. Syn. Cerambyx pulcher, Drury Ill. vol. 1, pl. 32, f. 6, App. C., vol. 2; nec Lamia pulchra, Fabr. Lamia blanda, Schonh. Syn. Ins. 1, iii., p. 373. “OF LONGICORN BEETLES. 151 Although .Drury gives Jamaica as the habitat of this species, there can, I apprehend, be very little doubt of its being a native of Tropical Africa. He describes it thus :— ‘““ Head orange-coloured, encircled with black stripes; antennze black, being a little longer than the insect; thorax orange- coloured, encircled with black rings, having a single spine on each side; elytra with orange-coloured clouds and spots on them separated by black partitions, some being margined with green ; abdomen orange-coloured, the middle being dirty green; femora simple, dark green; tibie the same.” From Drury’s figure it appears very closely allied to L. mirabilis and ornata, if, indeed, it be not a local variety of those insects. LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) ORNATA. L, nigra fasciis maculisque fulvo-aureis ; capitis thoracis et elytrorum margine posteriori, parte- que femorum superiore, viridi nitentibus. Syn. LZ. ornata, Olivier Entomol. Ceramb., pl. 4, f. 24a; Pal. Beauv., pl. 37, f. 1. An Ceramb. pulcher, Drury ? The description given by Olivier of his L. ornata from Africa, is as follows, and very nearly accords with the figure given by Drury of the preceding insect :— “Cer. regalis affinis. Corpus nigrum pulvere fulvo-aurato, fere _omnino tectum. Mandibule magne exsertee, basi et anterius dente valido armatze, apice nigree basi rufee medio virides. Lineis duabus nigris ab oculis ad mandibulas. Oculi viridé circumscripti preecipue postice. Thorax rufus, postice ad latera viridis fasciis duabus nigris. Elytra rufa fasciis nigris numerosis anastomosan- tibus viridi marginatis. Apex elytrorum et sutura postice viridia. Corpus infra rufum carina abdominalis et pars superior femorum virides, apophysis trapezoidalis (prosternum) inter pedes anteriores.” The Rev. F. W. Hope possesses an old faded specimen from Lee’s Cabinet, labelled L. pulechra, which agrees with Olivier’s description and figure 24a, and which might be regarded as a specimen of L. mirabilis, in which nearly the whole of the green markings had assumed a fulvous hue. The insect represented in Plate 84, fig. 2 (not being in a fully developed state), from the collection of M. Chevrolat, of Paris, is regarded by that entomologist as a variety of L. ornata, in which the fulvous colour of the type is replaced by pale buff, or straw colour, and the black interstices are tinged with blue instead of green. The body beneath is greatly varied with pale and dark 152 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME AFRICAN SPECIES buff, and with blue and black colours.: The markings of the elytra may be traced to those of L. ornata and its immediate allies, the second fascia being more attenuated and interrupted than usual, and the intermediate patches rather smaller than ordinary. It was brought from Pauz Oasis by M. Cailleaux. The insect represented in Plate 86, fig. 2, from the collection of the late A. H. Haworth, Esq., appears to me to be another fine variety of L. ornata, having the thorax and markings on the elytra very pale buff; and the sides of the former, behind the lateral spines, and the ground colour of the latter, of a bluish- green colour; the dark stripes separating the fasciz at the base of the elytra being much reduced in breadth. The specimen is a male, having the mandibles dentated at the base, as in the other allied insects. It appears also probable that the Cerambyx marmoratus of Voet Coleopt. Ed. Panz. 3, p. 21, 20, pl. 7, fig. 20 (Lamia venditaria, Sch. Syn. Ins. 1, pt. 3, p. 373), the locality of which was unknown, is another variety of L. ornata. It is represented as of a fulvous colour; the thorax banded with black, and varied with greenish at the sides, behind the lateral spines, and with the elytra varied with numerous irregular black markings. ‘ LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) AMABILIS, Hope MS. (Plate 86, fig. 4.) L. humeris elytrorum angulato-truncatis, nigra viridi fulvoque tomentoso ornata ; thorace rufo-fulvo, postice viridi; elytris fasciis maculisque rufo-fulvis argenteo-viridibusque notatis. Long corp. lin. 11. Habitat Ashantee. In Mus. D. Hope. This highly beautiful insect is most probably but one of the varieties of the type of the genus which is distinguished by the angulated shoulders of the elytra, all of which (including several of the following insects) will ultimately, in all probability, be determined to constitute one extremely variable species, the local varieties of which preserve an uniformity in the distribution of their colours. Thus, L. chrysopras, from Aquapim, has the general colour dark fulvous, with a single green patch on the elytra, and the other dark markings almost obliterated; L. ornata, in like manner, has but very little green colour visible ; whilst L. mirabilis is entirely green and black. The chief charac- teristic of all these varieties seems to be the three spots on the middle of each elytron, arranged somewhat in a triangle; and OF LONGICORN BEETLES. 153 these we find also in L. imperialis and even in L. aper, in which the basal fascize are but indistinctly marked. The male of the insect now before us has the face fulvous-red in the middle, with the lateral and hind parts, and the labrum, green; the prothorax is fulvous-red in front, and silvery-green behind, the former part with three black, slender, transverse fascize, the third being curved. The basal fascia of the elytra is green; the next one (interrupted near the sides) is also green, but varied with fulvous; the third is broad, lateral, and fulvous ; the three central oval patches are distinct, the inner one green, and the two outside ones fulvous ; the suture beyond these is also marked with two silver-green patches, placed consecutively, the second communicating with a small subapical angulated fulvous- green spot, which is preceded by a large fulvous patch ; the spaces between the fulvous lateral patches are also tinged with green ; the femora and underside of the body are also green; the middle of the abdomen with a row of black spots. The female is much more strongly marked with fulvous-red colour, especially at the sides of the elytra, which are almost con- colorous, the green being here restricted to the base and middle portion of the suture; but all the markings are in their ordinary position. LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) FERRETI, Reiche MS. (Plate 85, fig. 1.) L. grisea, thorace et elytrorum basi luteo fasciatis, his postice luteo-maculatis. Long. corp. lin. 14. $—11 9. IJabitat. in Abyssinia. In Mus. Reiche et Hope. This insect entirely agrees in its general characters with L. ornata and its ailies, but is distinguished by its Eastern locality and peculiar coloration. The face is black with a dirty fulvous stripe down the middle, and an oblique one on each side, extending to the base of the mandibles, which are armed with a large obtuse tooth at the base in front. The labrum is fulvous, as is also the crown of the head, the hind part of which is black. The thorax is of an ashy leaden colour, with the anterior margin, transverse curved fascia across the middle, and a subapical fascia, of a dirty fulvous colour. The elytra are of the same ashy leaden colour, rough at the base, where they are marked with a rather broad dirty fulvous fascia, followed by a narrower one (interrupted near the sides), and behind this are about nine patches of the same fulyous colour. The 154 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME AFRICAN SPECIES mesosternum is also fulvous, with a broad oblique greenish blue stripe on each side, and the abdomen is black, with a fulvous patch on each side. LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) TARGAVEI, Reiche MS. (Plate 85, fig. 2.) L, uigra prothorace fulvo nigroque fasciato, postice viridi, elytris basi fulvo bifasciatis, postice maculis 7 fulvis alterisque duabus subapicalibus viridibus. Long. cerp. lin. 83. Habitat in Guinea. In Mus. D. Reiche, D. Targeau. In all important respects this insect agrees with L. mirabilis, except that the thorax (except the hind part) and the major part of the markings of the elytra are fulvous. The face is black, with an elongate conical fulvous patch down the middle, extending upwards and between the antenne at the base, the labrum and extremity of the clypeus being green. The eyes are margined before and behind with green, the front margin dilated below into an orange green oblique patch extending to the base of the mandibles, which are slightly cornuted near the base in front, and orange green at the sides of the base. The head above is marked with a fulvous patch in the middle of the crown, and the hind part is dark green. The prothorax is fulvous in front with three black stripes, and the hind part is silvery green. The elytra are black, the humeral angles and apical part irrorated with green, which is also the colour of the two subapical spots; the two basal fascize and the: other spots, seven or eight in number, being dark fulvous. The mesosternum is marked with an orange patch at the side, and the metasternum is green in the middle, changing to fulvous at the sides, each side marked with a black streak; the abdomen is black, each segment with a large transverse orange green patch on each side. LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) BOHEMANNI, Chevrolat MS. (Plate 85, fig. 3.) L. humeris elytrorum angulato-truncatis ; supra viridis maculis fasciisque ferrugineis (margini- bus pallidioribus) notata. Long. corp. lin. 11. Habitat Port Natal, Africa Austral. In Mus. D. Chevrolat et Parry. This insect is most remarkable for its locality, showing that this group of insects enjoys a very wide geographical range in the African continent. The upper surface of the body is of a dark opaque green colour, varied with ferruginous fasciz, and spots arranged as in the allied species; the edges of which being of a rather lighter testaceous colour, give a varied appearance to the OF LONGICORN BEETLES. 155 insect. The face is black, except a conical slender fulvous line down the centre, broadest next the labrum, which has the front also fulvous. The mandibles are large, with a moderate sized deflexed acute spine in front at the side of the base. The head above has a ferruginous streak behind the eyes. The front margin of the prothorax, a broader central fascia, and a slender subapical one interrupted in the centre, are of a ferruginous colour, as are also the two basal fascize, and about nine spots on each elytra occa- sionally partially confluent, the apical one acutely angulated. The metasternum is fulvous, with two green spots at each side, and the abdomen is fulvous, with the sides green and centre black. LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) CHRYSOPRAS. (Plate 86, fig. 1.) L. fulva, lateribus prothoracis (pone medium) scutello femoribus guttisque duabus suturalibus elytrorum argenteo-viridibus, his obscurius fasciatis. Long. corp. lin. 12. Habitat. Aquapim, Guinea. In Mus. Hope, &c. Syn. Cerambyx chrysopras, Voet Coleopt. Ed. Panz. 3, p. 21, 22, tab. 9, fig. 22. Schonh. Syn. 1, pt. 3, p. 373. Sternodonta Robillardii, Dupont MSS.—Dej. Catal. 2nd Ed. p. 342. Although this msect appears at first sight so entirely distinct from the preceding species, I must confess it is with doubt that I retain it as distinct, for although the prevailing colour is fulvous, yet in various parts we see little touches of silvery green, indicating the more ordinary dispositions of that colour. The elytra also, when examined, are found to have the black or green markings of the preceding species clearly distinguishable, although so thickly irrorated with fulvous as at first sight to appear merely as indistinct cloudings over the elytra. .The body beneath is elegantly varied with fulvous and silvery green. LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) DUCALIS. (Plate 85, fig. 5.) L. nigra thorace lateribus virescentibus, posticeque subluteis ; elytris postice attenuatis lutes- centibus, nebulis virescentibus apicibusque nigris. Long corp. lin. 12. Habitat in Gambia. In Mus. Dupont. Syn. Lamia ducalis, Klug, in Erman’s Reise, tab. xvi., f. 4. Sternotomis aper, Percheron Gen. des Insectes Col., pl. 16. The face is black, and both the labrum and base of the man- dibles, and a triangular patch on the clypeus (bearing an inter- rupted, slender, black, median line), fulvous, and with two fine short green lines between the eyes. The head above is dirty buff, with the hind part black; the prothorax is black and shining in front, with a green tinge at the sides, behind the lateral spines, 156 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME AFRICAN SPECIES and the hind part dirty buff. The elytra are considerably attenuated towards the apex: they are of a dirty fulvous colour, slightly varied with greenish, which colour forms an oblique fascia towards the base, and two or three obscure ocellated markings across the middle, placed obliquely, the apex of the elytra being black. The legs are greenish-black, with the tibiz and tarsi dirty buff and green; the sides of the metasternum are marked with a large patch of bright fulvous scales, extending in front to the hind edge of the sternal process; the sides of the abdomen are also marked beneath with a sericeous-green patch. LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS?) NIVEISPARSA, Cherr. MS. (Plate 84, fig. 5.) L. nigra, albo farinosa; thorace fasciis 6 transversis niveis; elytris niveo-punctato-striatis maculisque quatuor niveis, tertia majori. Long corp. lin. 10. Habitat Port Natal. D.Bohemann. In Mus. Chevrolat. The head is of moderate size, with the mandibles small, and not crossing each other at the tip; the face is white, with slender black lines, which extend upwards between the antennz ; the hind part of the head above is black. The prothorax is black, with six slender, white, powdery, transverse fascize, the fifth of which is abbreviated, in consequence of the curved raised part of the pro- thorax extending between the lateral spines; the elytra are rounded at the humeral angles, and the dise is covered with a number of longitudinal strie, formed of small oblong white dots, in addition to which each is marked with four white spots: the first is round, and at the base in the middle; the second is also round, and at the side about one-third of the length of the elytra from the base; the third is large and round, being placed nearly in the middle of the elytra; and the fourth is subtrilobed, and placed near the extremity. The legs are black, covered with white powder: the thighs black at the tips; the body beneath is covered with white powder; the sternal processes are of compara- tively small size (fig. 5 a). This species agrees with Lamia regalis, Fabr., in the simple humeral angles and punctate-striate dise of the elytra, as well as — in the comparative smallness of the sternal processes, and the spots of the elytra. In several of these respects, indeed, it approaches the sub-genus Zoographus, with which it appears to form the connecting link. OF LONGICORN BEETLES. 157 LAMIA’ (ZOOGRAPHA) IRRORATA. (Plate 84, fig. 4.) L. thorace spinoso fuseo ferrugineoque vario; elytris nigris ferrugineo irroratis: antennis cinerascentibus, pedibus griseo luteo nigroque variegatis. Long. corp. 4 lin. 18. Habitat in Sierra Leone. Mus. Hope et Reg. Paris. Sys. Lamia irrorata, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. 1, pt. 2, p- 270; S. Eleuth., 2, p. 286; Schonh. Syn. Ins., J, pt. 3, p. 373. Cerambyzr nebulosus, Voet Coleopt. Ed. Panz., 3, p. 20, 18, tab. 7, f. 18. This species is black, clothed with a greyish powder, and thickly irrorated with dirty fulvous dots. On the crown of the head are two small triangular dark patches, and the hind margin of the head is black; the mandibles of the male are small, black, and unarmed; the dise of the prothorax is rugose and grey, with numerous small dirty fulvous marks; the elytra are closely covered with minute punctures, and numerous irregular small fulvous dots, in addition to which each is marked with the three ordinary, slightly elevated, polished, black, longitudinal lineole ; the legs and underside of the thorax are variegated with luteous black and grey; and the abdomen is grey, with the centre black, each segment, except the last, being marked on each side with a small fulvous patch. LAMIA (TRAGOCEPHALA?) GLAUCINA, Dej. L. obseure fusca opaeca; thorace striga lata media maculisque duabus lateralibus; elytrisque (plaga magna basali triangulari excepta) pallide favescentibus. Long corp. lin. 133. Habitat ——-? In Mus. Chevrolat (olim Olivierii). This pretty species is nearly allied to Lamia angulata of Olivier, and L. bicolor (W. ante, pl. 78, fig. 4). It is on this account that I presume it to be an African species, differing chiefly from the last-named insect in its less robust form and shorter antenne, which might indicate it to be the female of that species; but the pale markings on the thorax, and the large triangular dark patch on the base of the elytra, must, I conceive, be regarded as indicating # distinct species. The general colour is opaque dark blackish-brown; the markings on the thorax and the elytra (except the basal patch and the small lateral streaks) are of a very pale yellow colour, having a greenish tinge. Obs. Lamia humeralis, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., 1, part 2, p. 281, appears also to belong to the sub-genus Sternotomis. The plant represented in Plate 85 is Iris pavonia, and that in Plate 86 is Trichonema roseum, both from Southern A friea. 158 I take the opportunity of a spare page to mention a work now in course of publication in France, especially worthy of the attention of English Coleopterists, the title of which is as follows :— Historre NaTuRELLE DES CotforTerReEs DE France. Par M. E. Munsant. 8vo. 1839—1844, with Plates. Livraison 1. Loncicornes (1839), pp. 304, 3 pl. js 2. Lamerricornes (1542), pp. 623, 3 pl. 69 3. Patprcornes (1844), pp. 196, 1 pl. This work is one of the most carefully executed productions hitherto published in France upon-the insect tribes. Unlike the majority of entomologists, the author has not confined himself to giving very detailed descriptions of the insects in their perfect state, and to the difficult unravelment of their synonymy, but has investi- gated their structure with great minuteness and precision, and has especially studied their preparatory state, sexual distinctions, and specific variations, whereby he has considerably reduced the number of supposed species. Such a work, from an author residing far from the French metropolis, and accordingly free from those incitements to increase the number of species (which it is to be feared is one of the results of rivalry in Natural History), and exercising his talents upon the insects of his locality, may be well conceived to be a production of real zeal for the science—a true labour of love. The plates are drawn and engraved with great delicacy, although it may be objected that the anatomical details are too small. It will be sufficient, in order to afford an idea of this work, to give the following abstract of the last livratson. After an introduction of 23 pages, the author divides the Palpicornes into two groups —the Hydrophilides and Geophilides :— 1. HYDROPHILIDES. Fam. 1. Sperchéens. 1G. Spercheus. 1 Sp. Fam. 2. Helophoriens. 2 G. Helophorus. 8 Sp. 3 G. Hydrochus. 5 Sp. 4 G. Ochthebius. 11 Sp. (including the Enicoceri.) 5 G. Hydrena. 7 Sp. Fam. 3. Hydrophbiliens. 6 G. Limnebius. 4 Sp. 7 G. Berosus. 4 Sp. 8 G. Hydrophilus. 1Sp. 9G. Hydrous. 2 Sp. 10 G. Hydrobius. 3 Sp. 11 G. Laccobius. 1Sp. 12 G. Helophilus,n.g. 1 Sp. (HZ. lividus.) 13 G. Philhydrus. 2Sp. 14 G. Cyllidium. Krichs. 1 Sp. 2. GEOPHILIDES. Fam. unica. Spheridiens. 1 G. Cyclonotum. 1Sp. 2 G. Spheridium. 2Sp. 3G. Cercyon. 15 Sp. 4 G. Pelosoma, u.g. 1 n. Sp. 5G. Megasternum, n. g. 1 Sp. C. boletophagum, Steph. 6G. Cryptopleurum, n.g. 1 Sp. Sph. atomarium, F. PLATE LXXXVII. ILLUSTRATIONS OF FOUR SPECIES OF THE GENUS CHIROSCELIS. — CHIROSCELIS, Lamarck, Ann. v. Mos. 11, p. 260. Tuts genus was established for the reception of an insect respect- ing whose native country there is some doubt, Lamarck stating, ‘Ce coléoptere habite vraisemblablement dans la Nouvelle Hollande, car il se trouvait parmi ceux de cette contrée que le Capitaine Baudin a envoyés par le vaisseau le Naturaliste;” and Latreille states of it, ‘‘ Habitat in Australasia; insula Sta. Maria, Dom. Peron, Lesueur,” adding (Gen. Cr. ii. 144), “‘ Speciem alteram priori fere similem at paulo minorem et maculis abdominalibus nullis ex Africa attulit Peron.” Lamarck’s insect is stated by him to have been “un peu plus de 4 centimétres (un pouce et demi) de longueur,” and his figure ‘“‘ de la grandeur naturelle,” represents an insect 20 lines long. On this account, and especially as a species of the genus has now been detected in the south-east part of Africa, it is probable that Lamarck’s species is distinct from the followmg :— CHIROSCELIS DIGITATA, Fadr. (Plate 87, fig. 1. 4.) C. nigra nitida elytris parallelis, tibiis posticis inermibus, maculis abdominalibus subovatis. Long. corp. lin. 18. Habitat in Guinea, Sierra Leone, &c. Mus. Westw., &c. Syn. Tenebrio digitatus, Fabr., Syst. Eleuth. 1, p. 145. (Excl. Syn. T. fossor. in Mus. Banks, quod ad genus Zabrum revocandum.) Klug in Erman’s Reise, t. 15, fig. 11. (Long. corp. lin. 154.) Guérin Icon. R. An. Inss B30) tos Ample details of the structure of this species are given in my paper on the African Tenebrionidz, published in the third volume of the Transactions of the Zoological Society; in addition to which, it is to be observed that a dissection of both kinds of individuals of this species—namely, those possessing and those destitute of the luteous sericeous patches on the underside of the second segment of the abdomen, has proved that the suggestions which I made in my Introduction to the Modern Classification of Insects, vol. i. p. 320, 322, as to the sexual distinctions of these individuals (founded on their analogy with other Melasomata) were correct, the specimens destitute of the patches being males ; one of these individuals is represented in fig. 1; fig. 1 a, being the figure of the underside of the abdomen ; and fig. 1 , the male sexual 160 ILLUSTRATIONS OF FOUR SPECIES OF THE GENUS CHIROSCELIS. organs in situ; whilst fig. 1 c, represents the underside of the abdomen of the female. CHIROSCELIS BIFENESTRELLA, Westw. Transactions of the Zoological Society, vol. iii. p. 209, Plate xiv. figure 2. (Plate 87, fig. 3, 3a.) C. nigra nitida capite parum rugoso, mandibulis minus dentatis quam in precedenti, elytris parallelis, abdominis maculis duabus minutis rotundatis, margineque antico pronoti haud puncto notato, tibiis 4-posticis fere rectis, apicibus intermediarum subdilatatis. Long. corp. lin. 14. Habitat in Guinea. Mus. Nost. D. Raddon. CHIROSCELIS AUSTRALIS, Westw. (Plate 87, fig. 2, 2 a.) C. nigra nitida ; capite supra rugoso (vertice sub-trituberculato) prothorace lato postice punctis’ duobus fere ad angulos posticos impresso, elytris elongato-ovatis punctato-striatis, tibiis anticis palmatis, posticis 4-subrectis simplicibus, abdominis maculis duabus ventralibus fere semicircularibus, femoribus anticis spina basali alterisque duabus subapicalibus. Long. corp. fere unc. 2. Habitat in Africee Orient-Australis partibus interioribus. In Mus. D. Melly. This fine addition to the genus is unique in the collection of A. Melly, Esq., to whom I am indebted for an opportunity of presenting a figure and description of it to the entomologist. CHIROSCELIS PASSALOIDES, Westw. Transactions of the Zoological Society, vol. iii. p. 210, Plate 14, figure 3. C. nigra nitida ; vertice trituberculato, tuberculo postico majori, antennis crassis, pronoto sub- quadrato angulis rotundatis; elytris parallelis striatis ; tibiis latissimis planis anticis extus serratis, posticis intus versus apicem dente armatis ; abdomine subtus macula nulla instructo. Long. corp. lin. 193—204. Habitat in Guinea. Mus. Nostr. &c. D. Raddon et Savage. The plant represented in the plate is the Stapelia divaricata from Southern Africa. 9 ) Z w @ ® 161 PLATES LXXXVIII.—XCV. MONOGRAPH OF THE COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSIDAB. PART IV. Genus PLATYRHOPALUS Continued. Sivce the third part of this monograph was published (ante, p. 73), I have obtained a knowledge of Captain Boys’ very interesting memoir on the species of this family captured by himself in India, published in the ‘Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal’ (n. ser., No. 54); in which that gentleman has given the following descrip- - tion of a species of Platyrhopalus which AppCats to be Tae allied to P. acutideus. Species VI ?—Puatyruopatus Suturatis, Westw. “No. 2, Fig. 2. Mhow. July 17, 1839.—Genus Paussus. Length, 6-20th of an inch; body brown, rather deeper in colour near the sutural margin of the elytra; antenne of two joints, the last having an elongated pedicle resembling an intermediate joint; the club is pear-shaped when viewed from above, irregular if seen in flank ; edges compressed, forming a carina, which is produced into a small tooth near the basal angle. Head has the front slightly emarginated in front and rounded, narrower than the thorax, from which it is exserted; eye rather large for the insect, rounded when seen from above, reniform when viewed on the side. Thorax cordiform, broadly truncated posteriorly, having a transverse sinus crossing its centre. Elytra narrowed anteriorly, rounded on the posterior external margin, squared on the internal one; abdomen tumid and very like many of the Carabici I have been lately taking. Tarsi of five joints, the first of the posterior tarsus scarcely discernible unless the foot is put in motion; last joint longest; all of them cylindrical or obconical, and furnished with a few hairs beneath. ‘“‘ Note. This insect came to the lights on the table some time after gunfire last night.” From the structure of the antennz and prothorax, as represented in Capt. Boys’ figure (copied in my Plate 88, 1, 1 a), I infer that this insect belongs to the present genus; although the want of details and the description of the tarsi render this opinion doubtful. NO. XXIII.—1sf FEBRUARY, 1845, M 162 MONOGRAPH OF THE The specific name proposed above is therefore for the present merely provisional. Having, however, received information from Captain Boys of his having been so kind as to forward to me a number of species of this family from India, I trust to be enabled in the following number of this work to give coloured figures of this and other apparently new species described in his paper above referred to.* Species VII.—Puatyruopatus Metin. Westw. (Plate 88, fig. 2.) Pl. rufo-piceus, elytris castaneis latissimis fere quadratis, antennarum clava compressa fere circulare, basi externe angulum formanti, pedibus latissimis. Long. corp. lin. 44; lat. elytr. lin. 24. Plat. Mellii, Westw. Linn. Trans. xvi. p. 685. Trans. Ent. Soc., Il., pl. x., fig. 4. Guerin, Iconogr. Regne An. Ins, pl. 40, fig. 11. Habitat Malabarié. Mus. Melly, Gory, &c. This singular insect in its dilated form approaches the Cerapteri, but in all its essential characters it belongs to the present genus. It is subconvex, and of a rufo-piceous colour, with the upper surface of the body finely and distantly punctured, shining, very slightly setose, and with the head and prothorax lower than the back of the elytra; the head is small, rather glossy, with the anterior margin emarginate, and the hind part of the head narrowed into a neck; the clava of the antennz is very large, nearly circular, and compressed—that is, the anterior or upper face is slightly concave, whilst the posterior or inferior surface is slightly convex, especially in the middle; the entire margin is acute, and with three very minute ciliated tubercles in the upper part of the margin a little before its extremity; the base of the clava is also produced in a somewhat square lobe at its under angle. The maxille are furnished with a minute filiform appendage analogous to the inner maxillary palpi of the Carabide, which in the specimen examined by me was twisted, giving the appearance of being articulated in the middle; the maxillary palpi are large, with the second joint broad, and strongly produced at its inner extremity. The labial palpi are cylindrical, hirsute, and with the middle joint rather larger than the apical one. The pro- thorax is short, transverse, nearly twice as broad as the head, * In consequence of this intelligence, the publication of the following number (which will complete the Monograph of the Paussidze, as well as the present work itself), will be deferred until after the arrival of Captain Boys’s parcel. COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID 4%. 163 rather opaque, with the lateral margins rounded; the posterior portion is very short and narrow, but distinct, and separated from the anterior part by a nearly straight line. The elytra are glossy and castaneous, one-third wider than the prothorax, being rather longer than broad ; each is furnished at its outer posterior angle with a small mamillated tubercle, the sides of which are raised so as to give it the appearance of a spiracle; the femora and tibiz are very broad, short and depressed; the latter subobliquely truncated, the fore posterior being furnished with two calearia ; the tarsi are short and cylindrical, ciliated beneath, distinctly five-jointed, the first joint being the thickest and the fourth the shortest; the basal joint in the anterior tarsi is shorter than in the other feet. Fig. 2a, underside of head; 20, maxilla; 2c, labium and palpus ; 2d and 2e, antenna in different points of view; 2f posterior tibia and tarsus. Species VITI.—Pratyruopatus apLustrirerR Westw. (Plate 88, fig. 3.) P. depressus, rufo-fulvus antennarum clava lata fere plana externe spinis duabus acutis, pro- thorace brevi plano lateribus antice rotundatis postice dilatatis, angulis posticis semicir- culariter emarginatis, tibiis ad apicem externe acute spinosis. Long. corp. lin, 33. Platyrhopalus aplustrifer, Westw., Linn. Trans. xvi. p. 664, pl. xxxiii., fig. 51. Habitat Bengalia. Mus. Britann. and Westermann. This extraordinary species was first described by me from a somewhat mutilated specimen, in the British Museum, of unknown locality, so that I was unable to determine its legitimate situation. M. Westermann having, however, had the kindness to forward me a specimen, contained in his fine collection, from Copenhagen, for examination, I am enabled to give a more correct representation of it, and to speak of its true relationship to the present genus with decision. It is depressed, smooth, very slightly pubescent, and of a testaceous-fulvous colour; the head is short and almost rounded in front, and scarcely emarginate, convex, and with the disc entire. The antenne are slightly pubescent, with the clava large, somewhat ovate, very compressed, with the anterior margin slightly rounded, the apex rounded, and the outer or upper edge produced into two long and very acute spines; the space between which is strongly emarginate, and between them and the base of the clava are two small impressions which seem to indicate rudimental articulations. The mandibles are curved and acute at the tips; the maxillary palpi have the second joint very broad, and acutely produced into a strong point at the inner extremity; the labial palpi arise from mM 2 164 MONOGRAPH OF THE a rather broad mentum, and have the two terminal joints of nearly equal size. The prothorax is flat, broader than the head, short, with dilated sides, the margin being rounded at the anterior angles ; whilst the hinder angles are acutely truncate, or rather very deeply and nearly semicircularly emarginate, leaving a narrow posterior lobe to the prothorax nearly as in the genus Lebia. The elytra are oblong-quadrate, with the base rather broader than the prothorax, smooth, shining, impressed at the base, and of a rather brighter colour than the rest of the body. The feet are rather slender, with the tibizee compressed at the tips, the outer angle being produced into an acute spine, and the inner angle furnished with two calearia; the tarsi are five-joited, but the fourth joint is very minute. Fig. 3 a, lower parts of the mouth in situ; *, the mandible ; 3 b, maxilla ; 3 c, posterior tibia and tarsus. Grnus.——-PAUSSUS, Linneus. Corpus oblongum subdepressum ; caput mediocre prothorace angustius; antennarum clava maxima forme variabilis sepius irregulariter obtrigona, compressa vel subdepressa basi externe in hamum producto. Labrum subcoriaceum parvum transversum angulis anticis rotundatis. Mandibule cornez parvee basi dilatate apice falcate acute denteque in medio marginis interni membranaque coriacea interna basali quadrata instructe. Maxille stipite crustaceo (figs. *) processu terminali (interno) tenuissimo corneo mandibuliformi, valde arcuato et acute bidentato, spatio intermedio membranaceo (et in P. Hearsiano solum inveni rudimentum partis ille cornex in tab, 68, fig. 1. e—l., pugione f notate). Pal- porum maxillarium internorum vestigia nulla detexi. Palpi maxillares (externi) 4-urticulati articulo 2ndo maximo seepius ad apicem interne acute producto. Mentum (ut videtur) rectangulare trianguliforme (hypothenusa antice transversa) lateribus obliquis capite coalitis, nec basi articulatum, angulis anticis lateralibus porrectis et in dentem subacutum productis. Labrum, os inferne claudens subquadratum corneum subplanum vel medio longitrorsum subcarinatum, margine antico integro vel carine apice in dentem parvum centralem producto. Palpi labiales maxillaribus breviores labioque longiores ad ortum subconnati (sc. interdum ia scapum parvum vel radiculam * inserti ut in P. mierocephalo) labiique faciem inferiorem velantes et marginem ejus anticum ultra extensi, interdum reflexi, 3-articulati articulis duobus basalibus brevissimis ultimo magno longe ovato aut cylindrico, subulato, apice acute. Prothorax subcylindricus vel truncato-cordatus paullo longior quam latior, plerumque quasi in duas partes divisus, parte antica plus minusve elevata. Scutellum parvum. Elytra prothorace latiora, oblongo-quadrata, postice truncata angulis posticis externis tuberculiferis. Pedes breves robusti plerumque dilatati; tibiis quatuor posticis sepius bicalcaratis. Tarsi 5-articulati articulo basali sepius minuto. Abdomen 4-articulatum articulis duobus intermediis brevissimis. In my monograph upon this family, published in the Linnzean Transactions, I endeavoured, at considerable length, to clear up the confusion existing in the writings of Afzelius, Latreille, and others, as to the real structure of the parts of the mouth. Having at that aa * Ts it possible that this scape of the labial palpi can be the real representative of the mentuw, and that the part I have described as the mentum is in fact part of the skull? COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID_E. 165 time taken out the labium of only one species of this genus, of which the anterior margin was quite simple, I was induced to believe that in describing the labium as 3-dentate, Latreille had mistaken the two spines at the anterior margin of the mentum or gula trian- gularis for part of the labium. Having, however, recently dis- sected P. microcephalus, which appears to have been the species which he dissected (as he gives it as his first example of the genus, having received it from Mr. MacLeay), I find that its labium accords with Latreille’s description. As to the part which I have regarded as the mentum (a part which Latreille states is wanting), it may be contended that the two porrected spines represent the produced undersides of the head, or undercheeks peculiarly developed, as in Catogenus, Passandra and Megagnathus ; but as the true mentum is occasionally soldered to the head (as in Siagona), and as the maxille arise at the outersides of the pro- duced spines (thus agreeing with the typical structure of the Coleoptera, where the base of the maxille arises at the outerside of the mentum), I have the less hesitation, especially after a com- parison of this part in this genus and in the preceding, in regarding the gula triangularis as the representative of the mentum. As regards the external sexual marks of distinction in this genus, I am only able to state, that, according to Afzelius, the female of P. sphcerocerus differs chiefly from the male in having the labial palpi rather narrower, the produced lobes or spines of the mentum glaucous, the maxillary palpi shorter, with the second joint narrower, the abdomen longer, and the posterior femora slenderer. In some individuals, we find the extremity of the abdomen furnished with two acute curved diverging spines, which, I believe, will be found to be a sexual peculiarity. The species of this genus are much more numerous than those of any of the other genera. Some of them, possessing a subcontinuous prothorax, and a broad clava to the antenna, are closely allied to the Platyrhopali; whilst others, with a bipartite prothorax, seem to approach Pentaplatarthrus, although the structure of the palpi, maxillze, &¢., of the last-named genus (sce pl. 58, fig. 2, details) materially differs from that of the true Paussi. Of the habits of this genus we possess but little information ; sufficient, however, appears to be known to lead us to infer that the species are nocturnal in their habits, being often attracted by the light in houses after dark, and that, like Claviger, Lomechusa, 166 MONOGRAPH OF THE &c., they reside in ants’ nests. Afzelius states of P. sphcerocerus, that having (in January, 1796) entered upon a newly-erected residence, “one evening, having just lighted my candle, and begun to write, I observed something dropping down from the ceiling before me upon the table. It remained for a little while quite immovable, as if stunned or frightened, but soon began to crawl very slowly and steadily.” Several others were obtamed by him in like manner, whence he ‘‘ concludes that it is a nocturnal animal, that it becomes benumbed by candlelight, that it lives in wood, and prefers new-built houses.”* None were taken after February. Since the days of Afzelius, other captures, under similar circumstances, have been recorded. Captain Boys, whose attention has been especially directed to the Indian species, and who has detected eight species, states, in his memoir above alluded to, that “in flight the Paussi are exceedingly easy and agile; the lower wing, when expanded, being in comparison to the size of the insect, of large dimensions ; and when they alight, the movement is so sudden, and the elytra are closed so instantaneously over the lower wings, that they appear as having dropped down to the spot on which they rest, and where they generally remain several seconds previous to again attempting to move (facts which I have also remarked as practised by many Carabici), Its walk, however, entirely differs from that of this last-mentioned genus ; for instead of being nimble, and occa- sionally rapid, I have never seen it moving but in a slow and sedate manner, at which time the antenne are extended to the front of the head, and to these is occasionally given an upward vibratory motion. On being seized, they emit from the anus a very acrid liquid, accompanied by an explosion, and attended with a strong scent, resembling that produced by Brachini and other allied genera when similarly treated; and although in minuter quantities, it is abundantly sufficient to produce a very sensible heat, and the crepitation may be distinctly heard and felt. Wherever the skin has been subjected to its action, discoloration immediately ensues, of a reddish-brown colour, which soon after turns to a brownish black, resembling the’ stain produced by the touch of caustic, and which remains permanently fixed for many days after. The explosion is repeated three or four times succes- * Linn. Trans. iv., p. 261. COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSIDA. 167 sively, at which periods a vapour may be observed to accompany each crepitation, attended with a strong and very penetrating odour, something like that of nitric acid.” On touching the papille-like tubercles at the outer angles of the extremity of the elytra (giving cover to an elongated appendage of the same description, which is attached to the upper exterior margin of the abdomen ; and which, by the aid of a pin’s point, may be lifted up, and in a slight degree outspread, but collapsing immediately the impediment is removed), Captain Boys observed, that ‘they possessed the power of discharging a yellowish milky liquid, resembling pus in consistency, and which speedily overspread the lower part of the elytron, granulating into small egg-shaped grains. On repeating the irritation, the same results occurred ; and in order to be certain of the fact, I tried each elytron twice with the same effect ;—and in all these trials, each emission was accom- panied with a faint acidulous odour.” Of the species described by Captain Boys, one is stated to have been captured on a heap of manure, a second was taken by sweeping high grass with a hoop net, three were taken at night, having been attracted to the lights; “another was rescued from the clutches of a small black ant, which circumstance I notice merely because a belief exists that the Paussi inhabit ant-hills ;’ and the last was found crawling up the wall of his bathing-room. Since the article containing the description of Ceratoderus bifasciatus, (ante pl. 58, f. 1, p. 37,) was published, I have received a specimen of that curious insect from my friend Colonel Hearsey, by whom it was captured at large during the day-time. In the former articles on this family in the present volume, I have alluded to the views of Dr. Burmeister as to the relationship of the Paussidze with the Carabide analogous to that which exists between the Dyticide and Gyrinide (ante pp. 5, 10, 11, 12, 76, 80.) This relationship is considered to be exhibited in the structure of the mouth, wings, and indeed in the entire general structure of the insect, not excepting the antenne which are brought into com- parison with those of Helluo laticornis, Ozeena orientalis, and some species of Morio.* * Captain Boys also, in his Memoir on the Genus above referred to, has likewise arrived at the conclusion that these insects are related to the Carabide, ‘‘ approximating in outward appearance” to many of that family, possessing also five-jointed tarsi, and possessing, like Brachinus, the power of crepitation. 168 MONOGRAPH OF THE The examination of the structure of the mouth of Platyrhopalus, which I have detailed in my former article, has produced a result at variance with Dr. Burmeister’s views, and from an investigation of the characters afforded by the wing veins of the Coleoptera, | believe it will be found that this ingenious relationship is equally unfounded ; for it is to be observed that not only is the form of the wing of the Paussidze quite unlike that of the Carabide and Dyticide, but that the arrangement of the wing-veins is much less complicated, and the part of the wing where the fold takes place is much further removed from the extremity of the organ in the Paussidee; it is true that like those families it possesses a small cell at the recurved extremity of the radial vein, but this can scarcely be entitled to the weight which Dr. Burmeister would give to it, since it is wanting in all the Cicindelide which I have examined,* and yet the relationship of these with the Carabide is infinitely more decided than that of Carabus and Paussus. It is to be observed, however, that the genera Rhysodes, Catogenus, Passandra, &c., which I have hitherto regarded as the nearest allies of the present family, differ entirely in the arrangement of their wing-veins, the extremities being entirely destitute of longi- tudinal veins. ‘The texture and general appearance of the body, the dilated antennz having (as in the Cerapteri, &c.) no appear- ance of clavation at their extremities, the form and insertion of the feet and the anomalous structure of the mouth are, however, characters which I am still disposed to regard as of equal importance with those insisted upon by Burmeister. The Paussidze, in fact, are an isolated and extremely anomalous group, and which every fresh discovery renders more perplexing to the entomologist. The species of the genus Paussus may, for convenience, be arranged in the following divisions and subdivisions : Section A. Prothorax quasi bipartitus. a. Antennarum clava postice haud excavata. 6. Antennarum clava postice excavata. * Species Indice. * * Species Africane. AA B. Prothorax subcontinuus. a. Species Africane. 5. Species Indice. Section A. Prothorax quasi bipartitus. Sus-section a. Antennarum clava postice haud excavata. * This character, hitherto unnoticed, will at once distinguish the family Cicindelide from the Linnean Carabi, since all the sub-‘amilies of the latter group possess this little cell. COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID2&. 169 Species 1.—Pavussus Microcepuatus, Linneus. (Plate 88, fig. 4.) Obscure niger vel nigro-piceus, elytris magis piceis vel rufo-piceis capite mutico, antennarum clava permagna, oblongo-sphzroidza ineequaliter elevata ad basin pedunculato, pedunculo angulato, latere externo 4-tuberculato, basi supra in uncum obtusum unidentatum producto, prothorace in medio profunde excavato parte antica strangulo distincto valde et transverse elevata, illius margine supero acuto in medio interrupto ; tibiis linearibus posticis paullo latioribus apice subangustioribus ; abdominis apice setis brevibus luteis utrinque marginato. Long. corp. lin. 33—4. Synon.—Paussus microcephalus, Linnzeus (Dahl. Dissert. Acad. Bige ins. p. 6, tab. ann. f. 6—10; Afzelius, Trans. Linn, Soc. vol. iv. tab. 22, f. 1—5.; Fabricius, Latreille, Gen. Crust., &c., tom. iii. p. 2; Westw. Trans. Linn. Soc. xvi. p. 631. Habitat in Africa occidentali tropicali. Mus. Banks, (Soc. Linn. Lond.) Macleay, Latreille, and Turner. (Individuum Linnzeanum in Museo Linnzeano hand nunc invenitur.) This is the species upon which the genus was originally estab- lished by Linnzeus. Its true locality was for a considerable period a matter of doubt, but it is now fully established as a native of tropical Western Africa, whence a specimen has been lately received by J. Turner, Esq., by whose kindness in placing it in my hands, I have been enabled to clear up several points in its structure, incorrectly described by A fzelius. The head is even on its upper surface, and its front margin is slightly emarginate ; the basal joint of the antennz is terminated above in pale rounded vesicular tubercles, and in a living state the part of the antenne bearing the four minute tubercles is upwards, and the curved peduncle downwards. The parts of the mouth are delineated in figures 4a—4e; 4a being one of the mandibles, showing the strong muscles whereby it is moved; 40 one of the maxilla, seen from beneath, and 4c¢ the same with the base of the maxillary palpi, seen laterally, showing the absence of the analogue of the inner maxillary palpi; 4d the labium, with the base of the labial palpi arising from the basal scape, and having the anterior extremity terminated by three points; 4e the same seen laterally showing the lateral continuation of the scape, and the thickness of the labium; and 4 / the posterior tarsus and the extremity of the tibice destitute of calcaria. Species I].—Paussus Jousseriniur, Guér. «« Corps d’un brun foncé presque noir, avec ’abdomen et l’extrémité des élytres ferrugineux: téte petite, ayant un sillon longitudinal en avant et trois tubercules en forme de cornes sur le vertex ; antennes rugueuses avec le ler article grand presque carré, le second ou la massue subcylindrique, trois fois plus long que le premier, un peu rétréci au milieu, ayant en dedans et 2 la base un appendice tronqué, et, pres de l’extrémité, trois fortes dents aigues, corselet divisé en deux par un profond étranglement, ayant une profonde excavation longitudinale au milieu, et deux taches orangées produites par un fin duvet et placées de chaque coté et presque au fond de ’étranglement transversal; élytres lissés, avec une petite dent dilatée prés de l’extrémité, pattes rugueuses comme les antennes.’’ 170 MONOGRAPH OF THE “ Ce curieux insecte a été trouvé au Pégou, au bord de la riviére Yrrawady, A une journée de Rangoon; il était posé sur un trone de palmier.’’—Guérin-Meneville, Revue Zool., No. 2, p. 21. I regret that I have not been able to obtain a figure of this species, which I have not found in any of the Parisian Cabinets which I have examined. From the structure of the prothorax the present appears to be the proper position of the species. Srecres III.—Pavssus Linnx1, Westw. (Plate 89, fig. 3.) Parvus subcylindricus, rufo-piceus, elytris rufescentibus antennarum clava lata subquadrata, apice valde depresso recurvo, subhirsuto ; tibiis quatuor anticis angustis. Long. corp. lin. 2. Habitat ——? In Mus. Soc. Linn. Lond. Paussus Linnei, Westw. In Trans. Linn, Soc. xvi. p. 634, pl. 33, fig. 22—24, This is the most minute species of the family with which I am acquainted. It is preserved in the Linnean Cabinet, being attached to the Linnzean label of the Genus, although quite distinct from the species described by Linnzeus. Seen under a lens it appears very finely shagreened ; the head and prothorax being opaque, whilst the hind part of the latter and the elytra are more glossy. The head is subconvex above, obscure, pitchy, and of a subtriangular form, but narrowed behind the eyes; the fore margin is deeply emar- ginate, and between the eyes is a rather deep horse-shoe-like excavation. The clava of the antenne is rufo-fuscous with the apex rather pilose; seen in front it is of an oblong form, rather broadest towards the base, its outer angle being slightly produced; the anterior margin has three minute tubercles ; the disc is very uneven, the apex being suddenly depressed, and reflexed, with an acute edge (figs.3 a, 3b). The prothorax is elongated and bipartite, with the fore part broader than the head, angulated at the sides, with a transverse carina, interrupted in the middle ; the hinder part is deeply excavated in the middle, with irregular margins, bearing two small tufts of luteous decumbent hairs near the contraction; the lateral margins of this part are nearly rounded. The elytra are broader than the prothorax, but scarcely longer than it and the head together; they are of a dull rufo-pitchy colour, with a slight gloss, with the apex truncated. The four fore legs are rather narrow and subecompressed; but the posterior tibiz are broader and depressed. I could not observe any calcaria to these legs. The legs and antenne are of a reddish-brown colour. COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID&. 171 This species is closely allied to the following, but is at once distinguished by its minute size, the want of the two porrected tubercles behind the eyes, the form of the clava of the antenne, the want of the pale scales scattered over the body, &e. Species 4.—Pasussus Burmerstert, Westw. (Plate 89, fig. 2.) Obscure castaneo-piceus albido-squamosus ; elytris magis rufescentibus ; capite pone oculos utrinque spina armato; thorace bipartito; elytris subangustis pedibusque dilatatis. Long. corp. lin, 3. Habitat apud Promont. Bon. Spei. Mus. Reg. Berol. Hope, Evans, Westermann. Syn. Paussus Burmeisteri, Westw., in Trans. Ent. Soc., ii., p. 86, pl. ix., f. 3. Paussus contractus, Klug MSS, This dull-coloured insect is closely allied to the preceding, as above mentioned ; it is of a pitchy-chesnut colour, with pale scales scattered over the upper surface, and the elytra, especially towards the extremities, are of a redder hue, and destitute of gloss. The head is somewhat oval, narrowed in front, and impressed in the middle of the anterior margin, from whence runs a rounded impression towards the middle of the head; between the eyes is a small round excavation, within which is a minute tubercle; the head on each side behind the eyes is produced into a short blunt spine. The clava of the antenne (fig. 2 a) is very irregular on the upper surface; the base broadly truncate, and slightly angulated in the middle, with the outer or upper angle produced into an obtuse point; the anterior margin with several small sinuations; the extremity rounded but slightly emarginate behind both near the basal point and apex, the middle space considerably bulging out, and bearing four minute setigerous tubercles. The prothorax is subovate truncate, rather broader than the broadest part of the head, as well as longer ; near the anterior part is a deep constric- tion, the anterior portion being angulated at the sides, and formed into a transverse angulated ridge, interrupted in the middle; the hinder part of the prothorax is marked with a deep and broad sulcus in the middle, bearing two small patches of luteous hairs at the sides in front, and having the edges of the impressed part rather acute, but irregular. The elytra are but little wider than the prothorax; they do not entirely cover the extremity of the abdomen ; they are transversely impressed at the base, and bear the ordinary tubercles at the apical outer angles. The feet (fig. 2 d) are short, with the femora and tibiz broad and compressed, the Le MONOGRAPH OF THE latter having the tips obliquely truncate, and the angles acute. The tarsi have the basal joint very minute, as well as the calearia, which are almost indistinct. The abdomen (fig. 2c), in the specimens in the collections of the Rev. F. W. Hope and M. Westermann, is simply 4-jointed, without any exserted appen- dages. [Fig. 26 represents the front part of the body, seen sideways. | The figure published by me in the Transactions of the Entomo- logical Society, above referred to, was engraved from a slight sketch made during my visit to Berlin. The present drawing is from a specimen sent to me from Copenhagen by M. Westermann for examination. Species 5.—Paussus ruritarsis, Sam. MS. (Plate 89, fig. 4.) Fulvo-flavescens ; antennarum articulo basali, prothoracis angulis posticis, elytrorum disco pedibusque piceis; tarsis rufis, antennarum clava ovata convexa basi externe in spinam obtusam producto. Long. corp. lin. 3. Habitat ? In Mus. Britann. Paussus rufitarsis, Westw., in Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. xvi., p. 638, pl. 33, fig. 25—27. The form of this species is comparatively short and broad ; it is somewhat cylindric, and very delicately punctured, and slightly pubescent. The head is subtriangular, porrected, and nearly as large as the prothorax, with the neck narrowed, and the anterior part truncate and slightly emarginate; it is of a pale flavescent colour ; and in the middle, between the eyes, is a rounded excava- tion, having a minute round impression on either side; between the eyes and the base of the antennze is also a rounded impression on each side of the head. The maxillary palpi have the second joint very broadly ovate and compressed. The basal joint of the antennee is pitchy, and the second pale livid-flavescent, the latter elongate-globose, rather pointed at the apex, slightly carinated along the anterior margin, with the upper angle of the base produced into an obtuse pitchy spine; the middle of the upper or hinder margin, with a rather depressed oblong impression, in which are four slightly elevated transverse ribs. The prothorax is subquadrate, scarcely broader and larger than the head, and bipartite ; the anterior portion fulvous-yellow, with the sides of the hinder portion pitchy ; the anterior part is elevated and short ; along the middle runs an angulated ridge, which is interrupted in the middle, the lateral angles subacute ; the hinder part is larger, COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID 4. 173 with the middle deeply impressed, the edges of the impression being prominent and irregular in shape, and with two rounded tubercles in the middle of the hind margin. The elytra are subcylindrical, covering the extremity of the abdomen, considerably broader than the prothorax, the hinder part being broader ; they are shining, with the base reddish buff, and the lateral and posterior margins red; the dise pitchy, and very obsoletely and finely punctured, the outer and apical margins with several tufts of short, rigid, red sete. The body beneath is pale testaceous, and glossy. The feet are pitchy ; the femora slightly dilated, especially in the hind feet ; and the tibize scarcely compressed, except the posterior pair, which are broader than the others. The tarsi are red. The abdomen in the single specimen I have hitherto seen is destitute of any external appendages. [ Fig. 4 a, represents the lower parts of the mouth; 40, the back view of the antenne; 4c, front view of ditto; 4 d, front part of body, seen sideways. | The drawing, published with my monograph in the Linnean Transactions, has been corrected by a recent examination of the typical specimen of the species. Specres VI.—Paussus Piticornis, Donovan. (Plate 89, fig. 1.) Rufo-testaceus punctatus, elytris piceo-nigris, antennarum clava oblongo-ovata convexa apice attenuata incurva pilis longis sparsis. Long. corp. lin. 2. Habitat in Bengal4. In. Mus. D. Westermann. : * Syn. — Paussus pilicornis, Donovan Ins, of India, pl. Paussus, fig. *,.*. Westwood, Linn. Trans. xvi., p. 643. This minute species having hitherto been known through Donovan’s insufficient figure and description, it is with pleasure that I now offer a drawing of it, made from a specimen kindly sent to me from Copenhagen by M. Westermann, for that purpose. It is of a dark-red colour, with the exception of the elytra, which are pitchy black, shining and strongly punctate. The head is sub- triangular, with the anterior margin notched, and with an im- pressed longitudinal line extending from the clypeus to the middle of the crown, where is a rather larger circular impression ; the angles behind the eyes are but slightly prominent ; the clava of the antenna is very setose and somewhat reversed pear-shaped, the basal portion being almost circular, with the outer angle at the base produced into a short obtuse spine; and the apical portion is 174 MONOGRAPH OF THE attenuated and bent upwards, with a slight keel along the anterior margin and a transverse depression near the base on the upper side (fig. 1). The prothorax is subquadrate with the anterior part broadest, constricted a little before the middle, the anterior angles rounded off, and the fore part having an elevated angulated ridge, which is broadly interrupted by a rounded depression in the middle; the centre of the prothorax is occupied with a deep transverse sulcus, and the hind part is occupied by two large raised glossy spaces separated down the middle by an impressed line; the elytra are black, with the base rather pitchy, strongly punctate, and setose. The abdomen is simple in the specimen examined (fig. 1 a). The body beneath is pitchy, with the breast, legs, mouth, and head of a redder pitchy colour. (Fig, 1 c represents the labial palpus. ] Species VIJ.—Paussus Turcicus, Fridv. (Plate 88, fig. 5.) Oblongus rufus, capite elongato opaco, prothorace transversim diviso, elytris nitidis apice dilatatis truncatis macula media communi longitudinali fusca. Long. corp. lin. 22. Habitat in montibus Turcicis Balkan dictis. Syn. —Paussus turcicus, Fridvaldszky in Hungar, Trans. 1835, vol. 2, pl. 6, fig. 5. Westwood, in Trans. Ent. Soc. 2, p. 91. I regret not being able to give any further particulars of this species, which from its locality must be regarded as interesting. The figure here given is copied from M. Fridvaldszky’s plate. Sus-section 6. Antennarum clava postice excavata, * Species Indice. (Plate 90.) Species VIII.—Pavussus Tisraris, Westw. (Plate 90, fig. 1.) Castaneus nitidus, elytris plaga magna discoidali nigra, antenuarum clava postice (vel supra) profundé excavata marginibus vix sinuatis, tibiis posticis dilatatis compressis. Long. C 3 corp. lin. 23. Habitat in Bengala. In Mus. D. Westermann et Melly. Syn.—Paussus tibialis, Westw. in Trans. Liun. Soc. xix. p. 47. This very distinct species is chesnut-coloured and glossy, with the disc of each elytron marked with a large thick longitudinal blotch, leaving only the margins pitchy red. The head is rather narrower than the prothorax, nearly rounded and convex with the anterior margin scarcely emarginate, and with an impressed line running from the middle of the clypeus to the crown; the sides of the head behind the eyes are oblique and punctured. The second joint of the maxillary palpi is very much dilated and flattened, COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSIDA. 175 being almost circular, with the inner apical angle produced and rounded, and the outer margin setose (fig. 1 a); the clava of the antenna is subovate with the anterior margin acutely keeled and rather curved, the base produced at the outer angle into a rather obtuse tooth, the hind part of the antenne (fig. 1) incrassated and deeply excavated, with the margins of the excavation nearly entire and setose, but marked inwardly with several small oval transverse impressions. The prothorax is rather broader than the head, and bipartite, the anterior part with the sides obtusely angulated, and the dise transversely elevated, the middle being slightly inter- rupted ; the hinder part of the prothorax is deeply excavated in the middle, with the edges slender and elevated. The elytra are broader than the prothorax, gradually dilated to the extremities, and of a shining black colour, with all the margins fulvous chesnut and setose; the disc very delicately and widely punctured when seen through a lens. The four fore-feet are slender and cylindric, but the posterior pair have the femora and tibiz dilated and com- pressed ; the calearia in all the feet appear to be obsolete. [ Fig. 1 ¢ represents the underside of the abdomen. ] I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. Westermann for a know- ledge of this Indian species, which he forwarded for my examination from Copenhagen. Species [X.—Paussus rutvus, Westw. (Plate 90, fig. 3.) Luteo-fulvus subopacus, elytris magis rufescentibus, rivuloso-rugosis, antennarum articulo basali, prothoracis lateribus posticis, femoribusque obscurioribus ; capite supra profunde rotundato-impresso. Long. corp. lin. 3. Syn.— Paussus fulvus, Westw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xix. p. 47. Habitat in India Orientali. In Mus. Hope et nostr. The head is subtriangular, and is nearly as broad as the prothorax behind the eyes, where it is angulated to the narrowed part or neck ; the anterior part is truncated and slightly emarginate, with an impressed line or gutter extending from the clypeus towards the crown, where is a large and deep circular impression with the margin elevated ; it is of a luteo-fulvous colour, sub-opaque, and finely punctured. The antennze have the basal joint punctate, and the clava is large broad ovate, depressed along the fore margin, which is slightly sinuated, the hind part of the antenne being much dilated and deeply excavated, with the entire margins of the excavation sinuated, and the base, with the outer angle produced 176 MONOGRAPH OF THE into a broad and obtusely rounded tooth. The maxillary palpi have the second joint very large, punctate, and almost subcordate ; the inner apical angle being rounded off; the labial palpi are separated at the base by a minute conical piece or scape, as in the type of the genus. The prothorax is bipartite, with the anterior part rather the widest, its sides being produced into rather acute angles, and its hind margin extended further back- wards than in the preceding; the middle part of the prothorax is distinguished by a deep transverse impression, with the margins elevated on each side. The elytra are much wider than the pro- thorax, opaque and rugulose, the rugee running together very irregularly. The feet are very much punctured, compressed, and rather broad, the posterior tibiz being slightly curved, and broader than the others. The calcaria* are wanting, being replaced by a few sete, similar to those at the tips of the joints of the tarsi. The abdomen has a slight notch at the anus, but is destitute of any external appendages. [ Fig. 3 a, represents the lower parts of the mouth; 3, maxil- lary palpus; 3 c, back view of antenna; 3d, side view of front of body ; 3 e, underside of abdomen. ] Species X.—Paussus Srevensianus, Westw. (Plate 90, fig. 2). Pallide luteus, capite subrugoso ; tuberculis duobus elevatis inter oculos ; antennarum clava magna postice excavata, marginibus excavationis sinuato-tuberculatis ; elytris apicem versus fasciculis duobus minutis setarum instructis. Long. corp. 33. Habitat in India Orientali. In Mus. S. Stevens. Syn.— Paussus Stevensianus, Westw. in Lin, Trans. xix. p. 48. This species is nearly allied to P. fulvus, but differs in its paler colour, narrow feet, pair of tubercles between the eyes, &c. The head is nearly as broad as the prothorax, pale luteous, finely rugose, the posterior angles behind the eyes rounded off, with a distinct neck, the fore margin or clypeus having a central notch, from whence extends an impressed line to the middle of the crown, where are two elevated tubercles excavated at the tips with a fine impressed line between each of them and the eyes. The clava of the antennz is large and strongly punctate, the anterior margin acute and curved, and the posterior considerably dilated and excavated, the sides of the excavated part being sinuato-tuber- * By a typographical error the tibiee of this species were described in the Linn, Trans. as © calcaratis,’’ instead of ‘* ecalcaratis.” COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID&. WG culated, and the basal external angle produced into a broad rounded lobe. The maxillary palpi have the second joint very broad. The prothorax is bipartite, the sides of the anterior part being acutely angulated with a transverse elevated carina, interrupted in the middle, the posterior half of the prothorax with the sides elevated and the middle deeply impressed, the hind part having two elevated and rounded lobes in the middle. The elytra are pale luteous, somewhat shining, with the hinder part darker, very finely rugose, nearly twice as broad as the prothorax, having near each of the posterior lateral angles a small fascicle of reddish rigid sete. The legs are elongated, slender, and punctated, the posterior tibice being rather broader than the others ; the tarsi distinetly five- jointed, but with the calearia obsolete and replaced by a few short bristles, similar to those at the extremity of the joints of the tarsi. The anal segment of the abdomen is furnished in the middle with two curved horny points. The head and thorax beneath are pale coloured, but the abdomen and mesosternum are darker. Fig. 2 6 represents the head and prothorax, seen sideways ; fig. 2 a, the antenna seen from behind, showing the excavated part, with its sinuato-tuberculated margins; and fig. 2c, the underside of the abdomen. Srecies XI.—-Paussus Boysu, Westw. (Plate 92, fig. 2, and pl. 90, fig. 6.*) Luteo-fulvus, anternarum clava antice valde depressa, marginibus excavationis suberenulatis, capite supra in medio excavatione rotunda, elytris basi apiceque exceptis nigricantibus singulo versus apicem setula instructo. Long. corp. lin. 33. Habitat in India orientali, D. Boys. Syy.— Paussus No. 6. Boys in Journ. of Asiat. Soc. of Bengal, N.S., No. 54, p. 433, and Tab. amn., fig. 6. The kindness of Captain Boys in sending to me his specimen of this insect from India, enables me to determine its situation between P. Stevensianus and fulvus, as it possesses the rugose elytra, armed near the tip with a pair of short curved bristles of the former, and the deep circular excavation of the head of the latter; it is also much more glossy than the latter, and its legs are very much * The whole of the row of figures at the foot of pl. 90 are copied from the plates accom- panying Captain Boys’ memoir, of which he justly complains to me in his letters, that they are very unfaithful copies of his drawings, which is certainly the case, Captain B. having sent me his original figures as well as the insects themselves. NO. XXIV.— lsé JUNE, 1845. N 178 MONOGRAPH OF THE narrower, as is also the reflexed lobe at the base of the club of the antenne. The following is Captain Boys’s description :— “Length 6-20ths of an inch. The antennz are composed of two joints, of which the last is very large and in the form of a wide- mouthed cornucopia, being attached to the first at its basal angle. The margins of the upper side are slightly crenulated, and the upper surface is rather deeply excavated, giving this part a cuspiform appearance. Anterior and posterior margins compressed, the latter produced into a blunt recurved tooth. The sides of the club are striped with six grooved bands; the eye when seen from above appears round, of an irregular oval shape when viewed from the side. Head trigonal depressed, with a marginal excavation, but no groove on the upper part. The thorax appears as if com- posed of two portions, the anterior being angulated and forming a rather sharp spine on each side, with its base inserted in the posterior part; this latter portion is crenulated, with the exterior margins produced and rounded : a sulcus in the form of a bracket crosses the centre. The elytra are black, broadly patched ante- riorly with brownish sienna; the posterior margin has a faint undefined line of the same colour, which blends into the general black of the wing-cases. The follicles at the exterior margin of the elytra posteriorly are much produced, and close to them on each side is a very curious moveable spine (pl. 90, fig. 6 6), slightly incurved and projecting over the latter segment of the abdomen (fig. 6a). Body beneath a bright chesnut; head, antenne, and thorax livid brown: all the joints in the tarsi are simple, cylin- drical, furnished beneath with hairs, and of five joints in each leg, the first small, the last longest. “« Note.—Taken accidentally, while sweeping in high grass, with a net, under a Munja clump (Saccharinum Munja). On with- drawing this insect from the net, it gave two very distinct explosions, leaving the ordinary black stain on my fingers; the abdomen also swelled very much when submitted to the hot water process.” Upon being plunged into hot water, “a erepitation may be heard, and the abdomen becomes greatly distended, probably by rarefaction of air contained in vessels which give their assistance in its explosive powers, and the part retains the inflated appearance until a small perforation is made in it with a needle’s point or such-like instrument, which, allowing the escape of the confined COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID4. 179 air, enables the abdomen to contract to its natural size. The same fact is peculiarly remarkable in many species of Brachinus.” Pl. 92, fig. 2 a, represents the head and antennz seen sideways. Species XII.—Paussus penticutatus, Westw. (Plate 92, fig. 1, and pl. 90, fig. 17.) Obscure-brunneo-castaneus, setosus, elytrorum disco nigricanti, capite tuberculo minuto excavato inter oculos ; excavatione clavze antennarum denticulata, prothorace postice latiori. Long. corp. lin. 23. Habitat in India orientali, D. Boys. Syn.— Paussus No. 1. Boys in Journ. of Asiat. Soc. of Bengal, N.S., No. 54, p. 426, and tab. ann. fig. 1. I am likewise indebted to Captain Boys for sending me his specimen of this new and very distinct species. The following is Captain B.’s description :— “Length 7-20ths of an inch; body brown, deeper in the middle of the elytra. Antenne of two joints, of which the last is large, cuspiform, and having dentated edges, with a scallop between each tooth ; apex rounded exteriorly : basal angle produced, acuminate, and forming a tooth at the end of the superior margins. Lower portions carinated ; front view resembling the bows of a boat ; head light brown, rounded posteriorly, emarginate in front, sunk nearly to the thorax, and bearing a minute depression in the centre of its upper part in the form of a diminutive horse-shoe. Eyes round when viewed from above, reniform when seen in flank. Thorax suboctagonal, with rounded margins anteriorly, angulated and scalloped at the corners posteriorly, bisected in its centre, the posterior portion bearing a strongly produced emargination, which crosses transversely in the form of a bracket. Tarsi simple, cylin- drical, the last longest, the first very small, almost invisible ; of five joints in each leg, all of which are furnished with hairs beneath ; elytra truncated posteriorly, of a uniform width through- out, slightly depressed ; body oblong flattened ; palpi conical, not very salient; maxillary ones tumid at the base and over-arching the labials. Taken on a heap of manure at Plassie, near Mhow.” Fig. 1 a represents the head and antenne seen sideways, and 1 one of the hind tibize and tarsi. n 2 180 MONOGRAPH OF THE Species XIII.— Paussus Tuoracicus, Donov. (Plate 90, fig."4.) _ Ferrugineo-testaceus, elytrorum disco late nigricanti, antennarum clava oblonga compressa sub-trigona margine antico acuto, postico vel supero excavato, cavitate ovali marginibus crenulatis ; prothoracis lateribus anticis angulatis. Long. corp. lin. 33. Habitat in India orientali, Bengala, &c. In Mus. nostr., &c. Syn.—Paussus thoracicus, Donovan. Epit. Ins. of Ind.t. 4, f. $. Westw. in Linn. Trans. xvi. p. 640, tab. xxxiii. fig. 23—30. Paussus trigonicornis, Latreille, Gen. Crust., &c. vol. iii. p. 3, pl. 11, fig. 8; Schonh. Syn. Ins. 1, pt. 3, p. 19. This species is subcylindrical, with the anterior part of the body attenuated. The head is scarcely so broad as the front of the pro- thorax, its anterior margin is acute and emarginate, its lateral margins, as far as the eyes, nearly parallel; an impressed line extends from the middle of the clypeus to the crown, which bears two small elevated curved ridges, which somewhat resemble a horse- shoe, the intermediate space with two minute tubercles. The maxillary palpi have the second joint very much dilated, but with the apical internal angle not salient; the terminal joint of the labial palpi very slender. ‘The antennze have the clava compressed, oblong subtrigonate, with the anterior or lower margin acute, and the posterior or upper one dilated and boat-shaped, or excavated into an oblong-oval cavity, filled with pale coloured membrane, and having each of its margins scalloped, each scallop marked with an impressed dot; the basal angle is produced into an acute point. The prothorax is bipartite, the centre very deeply excavated, the anterior portion with the margins acutely angulated, and with its middle part dilated behind and emarginate ; the hinder part has the sides in front considerably elevated and also angulated within. The elytra are black, subopaque, with the base and narrow apical margin of brick-red ; the disc with minute luteous scales, and their sides with rigid sete standing out at right angles from the body. The feet are elongate and slender, the posterior tibize being more dilated and with the tips narrowed. The tibial calcaria are obsolete. The extremity of the abdomen is furnished with two incurved fascicles of hairs, and the anal segment is destitute of the two curved horny points. The observation of Latreille upon this species (the name of which he unnecessarily altered to trigonicornis), “ P. lineato proximus et forte varietas elytris latius nigris,” appears to me to be incorrect, that species belonging as I imagine to the second section, and im COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID&. 181 ‘structure being nearly allied to P. affinis and Hardwickii. The supposition of Donovan that this insect and P. Fichtelii are the sexes of the same species is certainly incorrect. Fig. 4a represents the antenne seen from the front, and fig. 44 from behind. Species XIV.—Paussus Ficureru, Donov. (Plate 90, fig. 5, 8, 9.) Testaceus elytrorum disco nigricanti, prothorace angustiori sub-bipartito, antennarum clava oblonga postice excavata, cavitate pyriformi marginibus sinuato-denticulatis, capite supra profunde excavato. Long. corp. lin. 3. Habitat in India oriontali (Bengala, Calcutta, &c.) In Mus. Kirby, Saunders, Boys, Xe. Syn.— Paussus Fichtelii, Donovan, Hpirt. Ins. Ind. pl. 4, f.*,.*. Westw. in Linn. Trans, xvi. p. 641, tab. xxxiii. fig. 31, 33. Saunders in Trans. Ent. Soc., vol. ii. p. 83 pl. ix. fig. 1. Boys, in Journ. of Asiat. Soc. of Bengal, N.S. N° 54, p. 429, and tab. ann., figs. 4 & 5. This species is most nearly allied to P. thoracicus, from which, however, it is abundantly distinct, the general shape of the clava of the antennz, and the number of elevations on the margins of the excavation being different ; the keel-like anterior margin of P. thoracicus is replaced by an obtuse and irregular fore-margin, the front of the head is more emarginate in P. thoracicus, and more distinctly quadrate behind the eyes than in this species, in which the impression on the crown of the head is much deeper and rounder than in P. thoracicus, and incloses two minute, elevated tubercles. The margins of the elytra are simply pubescent, whereas they are setose in that species; the lateral lobes of the mentum are long and acute; the extremity of the podex (which, seen from beneath, appears like a fifth joint of the abdomen) is furnished with two small tufts of short, thick hairs; the legs are compara- tively long and slender. Captain Boys describes two varieties of this species, which are evidently the sexes, one with the two diverging curved spines beneath the extremity of the abdomen (pl. 90, fig. 8 @), which is of an equal width throughout, and withthe margins cf the excava- tion of the clava of the antenne presenting the appearance of a screw; the other, destitute of the two curved spines (pl. 90, fig. 9 a), and having the crenulations of the prothorax, across the centre, more deeply sculptured and foliated, with the abdomen narrowed as it approaches the thorax. The former of these varieties, although considerably irritated, 182 MONOGRAPH OF THE could not be made to crepitate; on the contrary, when touched, it simulated death by contracting its limbs. The latter variety, how- ever, discharged its little battery with facility, discolouring test- paper, and staining the hands so strongly that it was not till the end of eighteen days that the marks were worn out. On being plunged into hot water, its abdomen became very greatly distended, as is also observed in Brachinus, &c. when similarly treated. The variety with the two horny ventral points was rescued by Captain Boys, “from the gripe of a small black ant, which in spite of its struggles was bearing it along with the utmost facility, holding on by one of its antenne,” thus confirming the fact of a connexion between the ants and Paussi, analogous to that which exists between the former and Claviger, &c., and leading to a clue for the discovery and capture of other species. Figs. 5 a, and 54, represent the antenne in different positions, and 5c, the underside of the abdomen. * * Species Arricanm, (Plate 91.) Species XV.—Paussus excavatus, Westu:. (Plate 91, fig. 2.) Obscure fusco-rufescens vel castaneus, capite et prothorace paulo obscurioribus, antennarum clava lata ovata basi hamato margine antico acuto et 4-foveato, postico valde excavato marginibus sinuatis, capitis vertice bi-impresso, pedibus posticis latissimis. Long. corp. lin. 2. Habitat in Senegallia, Mus. Dupont. Parisiis. Syn.— Paussus excavatus, Westw. in Linn. Trans. xvi. p. 637, pl. xxxiii. fig. 60, 61. Paussus crepitans, Dupont, MSS. The figure now published was made during a recent visit to Paris, from M. Dupont’s original specimen, which still, I believe, remains unique. It is very closely allied to the next species, from which, however, its geographical range as well as several structural characters seem sufficiently to separate it. The two oval excavations on the crown of the head are outwardly margined «by two narrow impressed curved lines, which become nearly confluent behind; the clava of the antenna is flat beneath, and much more strongly punctured than above; the hind part of the head is very finely granulated, and the elytra are smooth. Fig. 2 a represents the impressions on the crown of the head, 2 4, the antenna seen from above, and 2 c, the same seen as in a transverse section. COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSIDA®, 183 Species XVI.—Paussus rugEr, Thunberg. (Plate 91, fig. 1.) Castaneo-ferrugineus, sub-nitidus, vix pubescens sub lente punctatissimus; vertice impres- sionibus binis parvis ovalibus, capite antice emarginato; antennarum clava obovali margine antico subrecto et subacuto impressionibus nonnullis transversis brevibus intra marginem ; margine postico oblongo-ovale excavato 3 serieque transversa impressionum in pagina ejus inferiore, angulo externo basali hamato margineque basali bisinuato, thorace bipartito parte antica in spinam conicam utrinque producta, parte postica longiore sed angustiore antice lateraliter subspinoso disco profunde et irregulariter sulcato, pedibus subdilatatis complanatis rugose punctatis. Long. corp. lin. 23. Habitat apud Prom. Bon. Spei. D. Krebs. In Mus. Reg. Berolinensi. Syn.— Paussus ruber Thunberg, Act Holm. 1781, p. 170. 1. Afzel. Linn. Trans. iv. p. 272. Westw. Linn. Trans. xvi. p. 635. Trans. Ent. Soc. vol. ii., p. 88, pl. ix. fig. 5. The above description and figure are made from a specimen in the Royal Museum at Berlin, being the only individual I have hitherto seen of the species which approaches very close to the preceding. Fig. 1 @ represents the front of the body seen sideways; 1 4, the labial palpus ; and 1 ¢, the antenna seen from above. Speecies XVII.—Paussus cocuuearius, Westw. (Plate 91, fig. 3.) Ferrugineus subnitidus flavo-setosus, antennarum clava basi in spinam supra producta, valde compressa dimidio apicali dilatato eroso-cochleario, capite antice emarginato linea im- pressa ad medium (impressum) verticis extensa ; menti dente centrali fere obliterato ; prothorace capite vix majori bipartito, parte antica lateribus angulatis et postice elevata ; parte postica angulis ejus anticis lateralibus prominentibus, transversa, in medio valde com- pressa tuberculisque duobus minutis centralibus; elytris setis flavescentibus (in lineas irregulariter dispositis) indutis, abdominis segmentis integris; pedibus satis elongatis tibiis presertim dilatatis. Long. corp. lin. 23. Habitat in Africa Australi, (P.B.S.) In Mus. Melly, Westw. &c. Syn.— Paussus cochlearius, Westw., in Trans. Ent. Soc., ii., p. 88, pl. ix. fig. 6. The original specimen of this species, described by me from the collection of Dr. Hooker, has been, with great liberality, added by him to my cabinet. I have also received it from M. Dupont. Figs. 3 a, and 36, represent the antenna seen in different posi- tions. Srecrrs XVIII.—Paussus Kiueu, Westw. (Plate 91, fig. 4.) Niger ; capite antice emarginato linea impressa e clypeo ad verticem extensa, antennis nigris punctatis, clava lateribus sub-parallelis margine antico fere recto et acuto, postico vero multo crassiori et in naviculam longam excavato cujus margo superior integer, inferior vero tuberculis 6 instructus ; prothorace capite multo majori bipartito, parte antica late- ribus angulatis et in medio transverse et acute elevata, parte postica e precedente exca- vatione magna et irregulari separata in qua maculae 2 magnm Jaterales aureo-sericantes ; elytris levibus nitidis piceis marginibus lateralibus apiceque rufescenti-luteis, pedibus nigris geniculis tarsisque piceis crassis dilatatis, pari postico latiori, abdomine rufescenti segmentis integris. Long. corp. lin. 34. Habitat apud Promont. Bone Spei. D. Krebs. In Mus. Reg. Berol. et nostr. Amicissime communicavit D. Klug. 184 : MONOGRAPH OF THE Syy.— Paussus Klugii, Westw., in Trans. Ent. Soc. vol. ii., p. 85, pl. ix, fig. 2. Paussus runcinatus, Klug MSS. The tibize are destitute of calcaria, and the outer margin of the elytra is furnished with a series of curved setze. The middle tooth of the mentum is obliterated. Fig. 4a represents the labrum; 44, the maxilla in situ; 4c, the same detached; 4d, the mandible; 4e, the labium and its palpi. Species X1X.—Paussus Latreittu Westw. (Plate 91, fig. 5.) Castaneo-brunneus, elytrorum disco obscuro, capite antice emarginato, tenuissime punctulato utrinque prope marginem internum oculorum impressione parva ovali, antennarum clava elongata angustiori punctatissima postice excavata margine infero sub-serrato, palpis maxillaribus articulo 2 do. dilatato ; prothorace capite multo majori, magis nitido bipartite, parte antica lateribus angulatis parteque postica valde excavata maculis duabus aureo- pilosis versus medium positis; elytris parum nitidis et vix puuctulatis disco nigricanti luteo-setosis, pedibus obscurioribus punctatis, tibiis ecalearatis, posticis duabus dilatatis. Long. corp. fere lin. 3. 3 Habitat in Sierra Leona, Senegallia. Mus. Britann., Buquet, Norris. Syn.— Xiphocera brunnea Latr. inedit. From a sketch of the specimen of this insect in M. Buquet’s Collection, I was induced to believe it to be merely a variety of the former species; but having since had an opportunity of com- paring my specimen of P. Klugii with specimens of this species in the British Museum and Mr. Norris's Cabinets, I find them quite distinct, not only in colour but in structure. The calcaria are obsolete ; the lateral margins of the elytra have a row of curved setze, and the segments of the abdomen are entire. Fig. 5 a represents the head and prothorax, seen sideways; 54, the maxillary palpus; 5c, the abdomen seen beneath. Section B.—Protuorax SuBsconTinuvs. SuBsEcTION a@.—Species AFRICANE. Srecies XX.—Paussus spH#rocerus, A fzel. (Plate 92, fig. 3.) Rufo-castaneus nitidus, capitis vertice in cornu conico erecto apice piloso producto; antennarum clava spherica livida magnitudine capitis basi hamato, carina minuta verticis tuberculo pilifero castaneo terminata instructa, prothorace supra parum inzquali, subdepresso et vix bipartito parte antica subelevata lateribus rotundatis postice subemarginata ; parte postica lateribus rectis margine anteriori signo medio quadrato, depresso, nigriscenti pos- teriorique parum elevato, elytris punctatis rufescentibus; pedibus longioribus graciliori- bus subequalibus. Long. corp. lin. 33. Habitat in Sierra Leona. D. Afzelius. In. Mus. Soc. Linn. Lond. Syn.—Paussus spherocerus Afzelius in Lion. Trans. iv. p. 270, tab. 22 f. 2—6. Sturm. Catal. meiner ins. samml. pl. 4, fig. 31. Paussus spheroides, Donov. ins. Ind. sub g. Paussus. The habits of this very distinct species have been partially COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSIDA. 185 detailed in the introductory observations on the family (ante, p. 3), from the memoir of Afzelius, published in the 4th vol. of the Lin- neean Transactions. Fig. 3a represents the head and prothorax in profile; 3 4, the Jabium, maxillary and labial palpi; 3c, the labial palpus; 3d, one of the tarsi. Srecres XXI.—Paussus Armatus, Dejean. (Plate 93, fig. 1.) Oblongus haud nitidus, levis obscure rufescenti-fuscus, capitis vertice spina erecta acuta armato ; antennarum clava rotundato-ovali marginibus acutis basi externe in spinam producta disco supra et infra convexo ; prothorace capite fere angustiori, pedibus valde setulosis obscurioribus. Long. corp. lin. 5. Habitat in Senegallia, Sierra Leona, Gambia. In Mus. Dupont, Saunders, Hope, Chevrolat, &c. Syn.— Paussus armatus, (Dej.) Westw. in Trans. Linn, Soc. vol. xvi. p. 645, pl. 33, fig. 62—64 ; Trans. Ent. Soc. vol. ii. p. 89. Paussus cornutus, Chevyrolat in Guerin Mag. de Zool. Ins. pl. 49. The narrow prothorax of this insect distinguishes it from the great majority of the species of this genus. The very setose legs, and clava of the antennz, the latter not larger than the head and closely punctured, the tibize furnished with two spurs, and the abdomen with two diverging horny points at the apex beneath, are also amongst its leading characters. The head is opaque, but not distinctly punctured, and the tarsi are as thick as the tibie. The structure of the palpi proves that this species is a species of the present genus. The insect figured by M. Guérin under the name of P. cornutus, Chevrolat, is identical with the present species, as, indeed, M. Chevrolat has since ascertained, the name armatus being now attached to the specimen in his collection. Figures 2, 2a, and 2 6, are copied from M. Guérin’s figures ; the spine of the head is, however, much less acute than in the specimen represented at fig. 6. Fig. 1a represents the head seen sideways; 1 0, the maxillary palpus; 1c, the labial palpus; 1 d, the antenna; 1 e, one of the tarsi. Species XXII.—Paussus citipes, Westw. (Plate 93, fig. 3.) Obscure rufo-castaneus, elytris magis rufescentibus, capite oblongo obscuro punctato, antenna- rum clava punctatissima setulosa, rotundato-ovali, basi extus hamato, marginibus acutis disco utrinque convexo, prothorace oblongo, capite vix latiori, in medio constricto, et nigricanti ; parte antica elevata linca tenui e sulco medio antice ducta, sed ad marginem anticum haud extensa, tibiis obscure castancis extus fulvo ciliatis vel setosis ; capite supra 186 MONOGRAPH OF THE tuberculo parvo corniformi armato ; abdominis segmentis simplicibus ; elytris tenue punc- tatis. Long. corp. lin. 3. Habitat in Sierra Leona, D. Morgan. In Mus. Britann. This species is closely allied to P. armatus, from which its small size and more strongly punctate dise at once distinguish it. A single specimen is contained in the British Museum collection, pre- sented by the Rev. Mr. Morgan. Fig 3 a represents the head seen sideways ; 30, and 3c, the an- tenne in different positions. Species XXIIJ.—Pavssus Aituiops, Blanch. (Plate 93, fig. 6.) Castaneus, sub-nitidus elytris magis rufescentibus punctatis, capite ante oculos breviori, vertice spina tenui acuta setosa armato, antennarum clava ovali basi extus in spinam obtusam producto, disco subdepresso sublente puuctatissimo, tibiis gracilibus 2-calcaratis, tarsis 5-ar- ticulatis articulo basali minuto, prothorace vix capite latiori medio constricto, parte postica in medio longitudinaliter laté-impressa ; abdominis basi et metasterno castaneo- fulvis. Long. corp. lin. 43. Habitat in Nubia, D. Botta. In Mus. reg. Paris. Syn.— Paussus Aithiops, Blanchard in Regne An. Edit. Crochard. Ins. pl. 61, fig. 8. The shape of the clava of the antennee, and the habitat of the species, distinguish it from the other species with the head cor- nuted between the eyes. Fig. 6 a represents the head seen sideways; 60, the maxillary palpus; 6c, the antenna; 6d, the same seen sideways. Species XXIV.—Paussus pentirrons, Dej. (Plate 93, fig. 4.) Totus castaneo-fulvus nitidissimus ; antennarum clava brevi lata triangulari-ovata supra et infra disco in medio convexo, basi trunctata et in spinam obtusam extus producta; vertice spina erecta setigera armato ; elytris punctatis, prothorace antice lateribus dilatatis capite latiori in medio profunde impresso et sulco tenui longitudinali fere ad marginem anticum extensa ; pedibus compressis nitidis, tibiis bicalcaratis tarsorum articulo basali minuto abdominis segmentis simplicibus. Long. corp. lin. 4. Habitat in Senegallia. Mus. Dupont, Guérin, nostr., &c. Syn.—Platyrhopalus dentifrons, (Dej.) Westw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xvi. p. 662, pl. 33, fig. 68— 70. The structure of the palpi of this species proves it to belong to the present genus, and not to Platyrhopalus, in which I had at first provisionally arranged it. The form of the clava of the antenne, and the very glossy surface of the body, separate it from the other cornuted species of the genus. Fig. 4a represents the head seen sideways; 4d, the maxillary palpas ; 4c, the antenna ; * the same seen sideways; 4 d, one of the tarsi, COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSIDAl, 187 Species XXV.—Paussus curvicornis, Chevrclat. (Plate 93, fig. 5.) ‘Dun ferrugineux un peu obscur avec l’extrémité des élytres plus pile; téte ayant sur le vertex une pointe conique un peu courbée en avant, corselet divisé transversalement parc un fort étranglement, ayant une profonde impression A son lobe postérieur; élytres presque lisses avec quelques tubercules trés pétits et une legére dilatation 2 l’extrémité et en dehors; pattes d’une couleur plus foncée. Long. corp. 10 mill.” Habitat in Senegallia. Mus. Chevrolat. Syn.— Paussus curvicornis, Chevrolat in Silberm. Rev. Ent. 4, 263; Guévin, Iconogr. du Regne An. Ins. pl. 40, fig. 8. Paussus cornutus, var. Chevrolat in Guérin Mag, de Zool. No. 49, fig. la, 2, 2a. The accompanying figure and description are copied from the works above referred to, as I have not had an opportunity of ex- amining the species, and am not therefore able to speak with pre- cision as to its more decided characters. Fig. 5a represents the head and antenne seen in front; 56, the head seen sideways; and 4c, the extremity of the abdomen beneath. Specirs XXVJ.—Paussus tavirrons, De. (Plate 92, fig. 4.) Rufo-castaneus, elytris magis rufescentibus ; levis nitidus latus subdepressus vix setosus ; capite inermi, antennarum clava fere ovata depressa basi truncata externe in unguem par- vum producto margineque externo 4-subdentato ; prothorace utrinque antice rotundato- dilatato ; palpis maxillaribus vix dilatatis, articulo 2do maximo ; elytris punctatis capite et prothorace minus punctatis; tibiis 4-posticis 2-calcaratis, pedibus dilatato-compressis. Long. corp. lin. 44—5. Habitat in Senegallia. Mus. Reiche, Dupont, Norris. Syn.—Platyrhopalus levifrons, (Dej.) Westw. Linn, Trans. xvi. p. 661, pl. 33, fig. 65—67. The palpi of this species, upon examination of a specimen in the collection of T. Norris, Esq., of Redvales, Lancashire, are found to agree with those of the present genus in the relative length of the joints, although the maxillary palpi are not so much dilated as in many of the species. Fig. 4a represents the head and prothorax seen sideways ; 4b, the maxillary, and 4c, the labial palpi; 4d, one of the hind tarsi; 4e, the abdomen in a specimen in Mr. Norris’s collection. Species XXVII. Paussus Suuckarpi. Westw. (Plate 92, fig. 5.) Ferrugineus ; capite longitudinaliter et prothorace transverse sulcatis, hoc subbipartito ; anten- narum clava longa tenui punctata subcylindrica basi externe subacuto ; clypeo vix emarginato ; lateribus capitis inter oculos et basin antennarum elevatis; menti dente centrali fere obliterato dentibusque lateralibus obsoletis, palpis maxillaribus vix dilatatis articulo ultimo minuto ; prothorace haud capite latiori lateribus antice obtuse dilatatis parte antica elevata ct in medio sulco subdivisa; elytris levibus subnitidis ; pedibus com- 188 MONOGRAPH OF THE pressis haud dilatatis punctatis setis brevibus aurantiis indutis, tarsis brevibus 5-articulatis ; abdominis apice subtus-spinis duabus divergentibus armato. Long Corp. lin. 54. Habitat in Africa australi. Mus. Saunders. This curious species is nearly allied to P. armatus, but I am unable to distinguish any spurs at the extremity of the posterior tibiee, which are furnished with a number of short rigid sete. Fig. 5 a represents the head and prothorax seen sideways ; 5 b, the maxillary, and 5 ¢, the labial palpi; 5 d, one of the hind tarsi. Species XXVIII.—Paussus Lineatus, Thunberg. (Plate 94, fig. 1.) Rufescens glaber elytrorum disco nigro, thorace inzquali lateribus antice elevato et utrinque 1-spinoso postice 3-foveato, antennarum clava magna, compressa apice obtusa basi externe in spinam exeunte, capite punctato marginato ‘* Magnitudo Carabi 4-pustulati.”” Thunb. Long Corp. e. fig. Thunbergi, lin. 35. Habitat ad Promont. bone spei. Syvn.—Paussus lineatus, Thunberg Act. Holm. 1781, p. 171, pl. 3, fig. 4 and 5. Fabr, Syst. Eleuth. 2.75.2. Herbst. Syst. ins. Col. vol. 4, p. 102, t. 39, fig. 7, a b. Westw. Liun. Trans. xvi. p. 647. Cerocoma lineata, Fabr. Ent. Syst. 1, 2. 82. The above is an abstract of Thunberg’s characters of a species which is the only one in the genus from Southern Africa, with the dise of each elytron of a black colour. Species XXJX.—Paussus Arrinis, Westw. (Plate 94, fig. 2.) Castaneo-rufus vel ferrugineus subnitidus tenuissime punctatissimus, elytrorum disco nigro prothorace supra inequali lateribus antice rotundatis, antennarum clava subovata subcon- vexa, marginibus acutis basi externe in spinam conicam exeunte, margine postico sulcis tribus obliquis fere obliteratis ; capite vix prothorace angustiori antice vix emarginato ; vertice elevato et subcarinato ; elytris disco nigro vix punctatis, podice nigricanti ; pedibus angustioribus tibiis subcylindricis. Long corp. lin, 34. Habitat ? In Mus. Britann. Syn.—Paussus affinis, Westw. Linn. Trans. xvi. p. 646, pl. 33, fig. 36, 37. This species is very nearly allied to P. Hearseianus, but differs in its comparatively longer prothorax, the sides of which, in front, are more rounded and the disc not polished; the club of the antennze is of the length of the prothorax and has three very faint impres- sions towards the hinder margin, with the dise not glossy; the antennee and legs are castaneous red, and the general colour more of a dull brick-red. There is no locality attached to the two specimens in the British Museum collection, but in the MS. catalogue the insect is named COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID.©. 189 lineatus, and Africa given as its habitat, but probably merely on the supposition of its being identical with Thunberg’s species. Fig. 2 @ represents the antenna seen from above. Sussection 6,—Speecies Astatice. Specirs XXX.—Paussus cocnatus, Westw. (Plate 94, fig. 3.) Rufo-castancus nitidus punctatus, elytrorum singulo disco nigro, capite prothorace parum angus- tiori clypeo haud emarginato, sulco tenui impresso et fere ad verticem ducto, hoe carina media et impressionibus duabus semicireularibus; antennarum clava subovata, capite haud majori integra subconvexa basi in spinam externe producto ; prothorace cordato-truncato parte antica capite paullo latiori lateribus rotundatis setosis, dorso in medio impresso margine postico parum latiori, pedibus subcylindricis, tibiis 2-calearatis, podice nigricanti punctato tuberculisque duobus minutis conicis distantibus instructo. Long corp. lin. 4. Habitat in India orientali Bengala. Mus. Melly et Westermann. Fig. 3 a represents one of the posterior tarsi. Species XXXI.—Paussus Hrarseranus, Westw. (Plate 94, fig. 4). Falvo-castaneus nitidus punctatus, elytrorum singulo disco late nigro, capite pone oculos carina elevata transversa in medio parum angulata alteraque longitudinali subobsoleta mediana ad nasum fere ducta clypeo subemarginato ; antennarum clava subovata basi externe in spinam conicam producta margineque postico supra oblique 3-impresso; prothorace margi- nibus antice angulato-rotundatis disco pone medium valde impresso sulcoque tenui medio longitudinali, abdominis segmentis integris podice ferrugineo nitido, tibiis angustis apice 2-calcaratis. Long. corp. lin. 4. Habitat in India orientali. Mus. Hearsey and Boys. Syn.—Paussus Hearseyanus, Westw. in Proc. Linn. Soc. April 19, 1842. Boys in Journ. of Asiat. Soc. of Bengal N.S. No. 54, p. 427, (No. 3) tab. ann. fig. 3. A specimen of this species was first brought home by my friend, Col. Hearsey, to whom I dedicated it ; three other specimens were captured by Capt. Boys at Sultanpore, Benares, late on the evening of the 21st of June, 1840, and another on the following evening. Fig. 4 a represents the head seen sideways; 4 4, the maxilla seen from outside the mouth; 4c, ditto from within; 4d, the same seen obliquely from the outside, the parts indicated by marks cor- responding with those used in the other plates of this family; 4 e, one of the hind tarsi; 4 /,the antenna; 44, the mandible. Sprcres XXXIJ.—Pavussus Harpwicku, Westw. (Plate 94, fig. 5.) Rufo-castaneus nitidus punctatus, elytrorum singulo plaga lata longitudinali nigra, antennarum clava elongata lineari subcylindrica, basi externe in hamum producto apiceque rotundato 3 clypeo subemarginato utrinque inter oculos longitudinaliter obsolete canaliculato carinaque tenui e vertice ad clypeum extensa, prothoracis lateribus antice rotundatis, capite haud latioribus ; suleo profundo transverso in medio; impressione tenui abbreviata ad marginem 190 MONOGRAPH OF THE COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSIDA. anticum haud extensa parteque postica haud sulcata ; pedibus gracilibus ; tibiis 2-calearatis podice castaneo-nigro punctato ; abdominis segmentis inermibus. Long. corp. lin. 4. Habitat in India orientali, Nepaul, Almorah. In Mus. Britann. Hope. Boys. Syn.—Paussus Hardwickii, Westw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xvi. p. 649, pl. 33, figs. 39, 40. 28 in Journ. of Asiat. Soc. of Bengal, N.S., No. 54, p. 434, No. 8, and tab. ann. Several specimens of this species were brought home by Major- General Hardwicke from Nepaul, and Capt. Boys captured two at Almorah at the end of the month of July, 1842, which came to the lights late at night, and which crepitated as strongly as the Brachini, discolouring test-paper, and emitting a strong scent of nitric acid. Fig. 5 arepresents the maxillary, 5 } the labial palpi; 5 c, the antenna ; 5 d, the same seen from behind ; 5 e, the head seen from below ; 5 f, the anterior tibia and tarsus; 5 g, the front of the head and prothorax seen sideways. Species XX XIII.—Paussus Saunpersu, Westw. (Plate 94, fig. 6.) Totus castaneo-fulvus subnitidus punctatus, capite et prothorace obscurioribus, antennarum clava oblongo-ovata, basi extus in hamum setigerum producta margine acuto ; capite inter oculos impressionibus duabus semicircularibus notato ; prothorace cordato-truncato in medio transverse impresso impressione utrinque in tubereulum parvum laterale desinente parte antica paullo elevata, lateribus rotundatis ; pedibus gracilibus, tibiis apice bicalcaratis. Long. corp. lin. 33. Habitat in India orientali. Mus. W. W. Saunders, F.L-.S. Fig. 6 a represents the maxillary, 6 4 the labial palpi; 6c and 6 d, the antennz in different positions; 6 ¢, the anterior tarsus; and 6 f, the wing ; the * indicating the small cell alluded to in p. 168. Species XXXIV.—Paussus Sp. ined. Latr. Of this species, the habitat of which is stated by Latreille to be the Isle de France, I am entirely ignorant. The plant represented in pl. 88 is the Indian Globba marantina ; and that in pl. 89 is the Morea papilionacea of Linnzeus, from Southern Africa. Norr.—I find, on examining the insect described by Captain Boys . (noticed in p. 161, under the name of Platyrhopalus suturalis), and which that gentleman has been so good as to forward from India for my inspection, that it proves to be identical with Platyrhopalus angustus, p. 78. The specimen has the dark mark on each elytron almost obsolete; and the description should be, ‘“ Body brown, rather deeper in colour near the /ateral margins of the elytra.” 191 PEATE XCVv I ILLUSTRATIONS OF TWO SPECIES OF GOLIATH BEETLES FROM AFRICA, enact GOLIATHUS GIGANTEUS.* (Plate 95, fig. 1.) Tue extreme rarity of this insect induces me to refigure it from a fine specimen recently obtained by J. A. Turner, Esq., of Manchester, from the river Gaboon, the locality of the specimen figured by Drury. The specimen now represented differs from Drury’s figure in having the two lateral black marks on each side of the prothorax united together. The specific character given in my edition of Drury’s Illustrations, vol. i. p. 61, requires amending thus :— “Corpore supra velutino prothorace nigro, lineis 7 holosericeo-albis, elytris obscure ferrugineis basi extremo albo, scutello albo lineis duabus lateralibus nigris.” GOLIATHUS (COMPSOCEPHALUS) HORSFIELDIANUS. (White in Ann. of Nat. Hist., Jan. 1845.) (Plate 95) fic. 2453 9.). Char, Subg. Corpus supra sericeum haud nitidum. Caput maris antice cornubus duobus elevato- porrectis, apice sub-bifidis, armatum ; femine subquadratum inerme. Maxille utriusque sexus lobo basali cornuto; apicali in mare inermi, in femina in cornu subacutum producto. Prothorax maris valde convexus antice in lobum rotundum productus lateribus fere rectis, feming magis depressus et minus quadratus. Pedes maris robusti tibiis anticis utrinque dentatis ; feminz extus tridentatis ; tibiis 4 posticis in utroque sexu spinis duabus ante medium marginis externi armatis. Processus mesosterni parum productus apice obtusus. (Fig 2 a, head of male seen sideways ; 2 6, maxilla of male ; 2 c and 2 d, sternal process ; 3 a, maxilla of female.) This new subgenus is most closely allied to Mecynorhina, but differs from it and all the other Old World Goliath beetles, in possessing two spines in the middle of each of the four posterior tibize, in which respect it approaches the New World Ynez. With the exception of the bifid front of the head, the present subgenus has no relation to Narycius and Dicronocephalus. Species Unica. Goriatnus (Compsocrpuatus) Horsrie.pranvs. Cupreo-viridis prothorace scutelloque castaneo-nigris, prothorace tenue viridi marginato, elytris flavescenti-viridibus corpore subtus pedibusque viridi rubro et cupreo-tinctis. Long. corp. Hie GN gu lo, Oi. Habitat in Abyssinia, D, Roth. In Mus. “ East Ind. Comp.”—Mus, Brit. et Seckenberg, Frankfort (D. Ruppell, test. D. Melly, and A. White). * The synonyms of this species will be found in vol. i. p. 165. ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. —~>—. VOLUME i. Page 12, Systella, W.—= Trigonopteryx, Charpentier. S. Rafflesii, W.= Tr. punctata, charp., teste De Haan in litt. [sed quaere. ] Page 65, M. De Haan (in litt.) considers that Opsomala gladiator belongs to the sub- genus Pyrgomorpha of Serville. Its whole habit, however, is that of the former genus. Page 66, De Haan (in litt.) considers Bactrophora to be nearest allied to Pecilocerus and Phymateus. Page 100, Mastax apicalis and vitrea are considered by M. De Haan (in litt.) to be varieties of one species which he has described in the Bijdragen, under the name of M. Agrionoides, Pl. 22, fig. 2. Page 127, M. Schaum (Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1844, p. 390), asserts that the female of Schizorhina Guerinii, is the Cetonia collata of Gory and Perch (in Silberm. 3, 125), and that the fore tibize of the males are tridentate ; “ la supérieure est plus faible.”” I cannot, however, think that M. Guérin’s specimen was thus constructed. He proposes to form it into a new genus named Heterosoma. Page 161, ‘* Toxodera denticulata, Serv., was never received here from Java or any Dutch colonies; probably there has been a mistake at the Museum of Paris; it seems much rather an African insect. The horn on the head in the Mantide seems a character of inferior value; Diana, Stoll ( Pictipennis, Serv.), with a horn, has the same form of thorax and abdomen, the same colour of wingsas M.urbana, Fabr., and M. tricolor, Linn., without the horn. It is the same case, with the pointed eyes, as Burmeister expressed it in Germar’s Zeitschrift (2, 29). M. rubicunda, Stoll, 25, f. 96, with pointed eyes, belongs to the neighbourhood of M. precaria. Blepharis and Schizocephala, with pointed eyes, are very nearly allied to Phyllocrania and Thespis with rounded eyes. Tavachodes coronata, Klug, and M. Oxypilus lobiceps, Bijdrag. (Pl. 17, fig. 4, 5), have both two little spines before the eyes; for the rest, however, they are very distant (vid. Bijd. p. 62). Orthodera has sub-conical eyes (vid. Burm, ii. p, 529).’’ De Haan in litt. VOLUME Il. Page 49, M. De Haan considers Diapherodes serricollis * to be identical with D. gibbosa of Burmeister, and D. pumilio (p. 50), to be a young insect, [sed quere ] Page 51, M. De Haan assures me that the horn on the head of M. (Blepharis) Kuhlii, is horny as in Bl. mendica, and not foliated as in Phyllocrania. The same gentleman questions whether M. metallica (pl. 62, f. 3), is not a varicty of Metallyticus splendidus—(of which M, vitripennis, Burm., is the male) ; but the two insects are not even congenerous, as may be seen at once in the form of the prothorax, size of the fore feet, and eyes, colour of the hind wings, &c. Page 53, M. De Haan considers Proscopia occidentalis much nearer to Pyrgomorpha than to Proscopia. Page 54, The sub-genus Cephalocema is synonymous with Astroma charp. Page 56, Prochilus possesses the oval foramen rear the base of the anterior tibia. Page 71, M. Schaum (Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 1844, p. 401, pl. 10, fig. 1), has described and figured the female Amaurodes Passerinti, from Port Natal. Page 99, M. Schaum (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1844, p. 399,) considers Inca Sommeri to be only a variety of I. Weberi (Trichius clathratus, Oliv. Journ. d’Hist. Nat. pl. 6,f. 2). The same author has also described several new African species of Heterorhina in the same Annales.t * M. C. Sommer, Esq., of Altona, assures me that he has received this insect direct from Para, in Brazil. ; tT Not having received the 3rd trimestre of the Annales for 1844, J cannot notice the critiques of M. Schaum on my articles on the Goliath Beetles, which he has introduced into the former part of his Memoir. > \ 4 _ - a - ft ” , . S Rs - ‘ My a i test wo | ® aT beg) , ge ain } i Ny ee f ly ve AAA 1 ~*~ ‘<