REPORT

pt. D OF THE

__ CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION

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a | = VOLUME IX: ANNELIDS, PARASITIC WORMS,
EA — - PROTOZOANS, ETC.
et | = PART D: GEPHYREA
se —" By RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN
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SOUTHERN PARTY—1913-16

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Report of the Canadian Antic Expedition 1913.

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a VOLUME IX: ANNELIDS, vane went WORMS, PROTOZOANS,

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REPORT

OF THE

CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION
1913-18

VOLUME IX: ANNELIDS, PARASITIC WORMS,
PROTOZOANS, ETC.

PART D: GEPHYREA

By RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN

SOUTHERN PARTY—1913-16

OTTAWA ere
J. de LABROQUERIE TACHE udal
PRINTER TO THE KINGS MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY pro-
1920
71928—1 Issued June 10

Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2007 with funding from
Microsoft Corporation

The Gephyrea collected by the Canadian Arctic
Expedition, 1913-18.

By Rauru V. CHAMBERLIN

Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.

The collection embraces but four specimens of the Gephyrea, these having
been taken from the stomachs of fish at two widely separated stations. All
belong to. one species, the widespread northern Priapulus hwmanus (Linné).
In addition some other Gephyreans were received for study from the Geological
Survey, and notes upon these are here included. They represent six species,
the Priapulus mentioned above, and five Sipunculids,—Physcosoma agassizi
(Keferstein), Physcosoma japonicum (Grube), Phascolion strombi (Montagu),
a previously undescribed Phascolosoma, and Phascolosoma eremita (Sars).

PRIAPULIDAE.

Priapulus humanus (Linné).

1758. Priapus humanus Linnfé. Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 656.

1766. Holothuria priapus LINNE. Syst. Nat., ed. 12, p. 1901.

1816. Priapulus caudatus LamarcK. Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vertéb, p. 77.

1845. Priapulus hibernicus McCoy. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, 15,
p., 272,

Two specimens were taken from the stomach of a nine and a half inch long
female Gymnocanthus pistilliger Gill at Bernard harbour, Northwest Terri-
tories, June 14, 1916, at Station 49 f. The larger of these is 6 centimeters long,
inclusive of the fully protruded proboscis and exclusive of the branchial fila-
ments, with a diameter of 1-1 centimeters. The second specimen is only about
1-8 centimeters long. Two other small specimens were taken from a Pleuro-
nectes stellatus Pall. at Grantley harbour, Alaska, July 31, 1913 (Station 20 d).
Besides the specimens secured by the Canadian Arctic Expedition there is in
the collection a fine specimen, 10 centimeters long, taken on the beach of Hudson
bay at Fort Churchill, Keewatin, by James M. Macoun, October, 1910.

SIPUNCULIDAE.
Phascolosoma hudsonianum, n. sp.

Type specimen.—Catalogue No. 101, Victoria Memorial Museum, Ottawa.
One specimen.

Body proper, i.e., from the anus caudad, slenderly subpyriform, with a
conspicuous pointed caudal appendage abruptly set off, anteriorly uniform in
width with the proboscis. In the type the length to the tip of caudal appendage
is 3-4 times the greatest width. Body about one and a half times the length of
the proboscis. Body light brown, in general appearing shining and of a some-
what pearly lustre; but papillae are visible upon close inspection even with the
naked eye over the entire surface, the papillae obviously densest at caudal end and
over the narrow appendage and near level of and just in front of the anus where
also the skin is more obviously reticulate; skin more strongly rugose on caudal
surface. Papillae subconic with base broad. No hooks present on the pro-

3D

4p Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

boscis, the latter more rugose toward tentacles. Tentacles in several rows.
Openings of segmental organs distinct. Body wall thin, in part translucent,
the inner surface with pearly lustre, muscle layer uniform, with no trace of
division into strands. Four retractor muscles present, of which the dorsals
are very much more slender posteriorly than the ventrals: ventrals taking their
origin about midway between anus and caudal tip of body and the dorsals
about five-twelfths the distance from anus to level of origin of ventrals. Seg-
mental organs: elongate, free, opening near level of anus. Coils of intestine
numerous, wholly free excepting anteriorly. Total length of type, inclusive
of extended proboscis, 116 mm.: of body proper from anus to caudal tip 70 mm. ;
distance from anus to tentacles, 46 mm. Greatest width 17 mm; width at
level of anus, 7-3 mm. Length of caudal appendage, 7 mm.; width at base,
near 3-6 mm.

Locauiry.—Hudson bay : Fort Churchill, October, 1910. James M.
Macoun. One specimen.

Phascolosoma eremita (Sars) .

1851. Sipunculus eremita Sars, Nyt. Mag. for Naturvidensk., p. 197.
1865. Sipunculus (Phascolosomum) borealis QUATREFAGES, Hist. nat.
Anneles, 2, p. 620.
1867. Phascolosoma boreale KEFERSTEIN, Nach. d. k. Ges. d. Wiss.
Gottingen, No. 7, p. 206.
1877. Phascolosoma eremita KorREN and DANIBLSSEN, Fauna litt. Nor-
vegiae, 3d Heft., p. 184 pl. 15 f. 45.

A form widespread in northern regions, having been recorded at various
stations from Greenland eastward to the Kara sea, the range extending
southward along the European coast to the North sea and along the North
American coast to Massachussetts or in deeper water even farther south (40°
N. lat.) A specimen was collected by the biological launch Prince at Station
4,in Passamaquoddy bay, N.B., October 8, 1917, at a depth of 25 to 30 meters.

Phascolion strombi (Montagu).

1804. Sipunculus strombus G. Montaau, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 7.
p. 74.

1828. Siphunculus dentalit Gray, Spicilegia zoologica, p. 8.

1841. Sipunculus bernhardus Forses, Hist. British Starfishes, p. 251.

1843. Sipunculus capitatus H. RatHKe, Nova Scotia Acad. Leop. Car.
29, p. 148, pl. 6, fl. 20-23.

1844. Sipunculus (Phascolosoma): concharum OErRsTED, De _ regionibus
marinis, p. 80; also Kréyer’s Naturh. Tidskr., 1844, p. 419.

1865. Sipunculus (Cryptosomum) caementarium QUATREFAGES, Hist. nat.
des Anneles, 2, p. 628.

1867. Phascolosoma hamulatum Packarp, Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.
2, p. 290.

1873. Phascolosoma tubicola VERRILL, Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, ser. 3, 5,

p. 99.
1875. Phascolion spitzbergense THEEL, Bihang till k. Svenska Vet. Akad.
Hadi os Ps 10; lel, thet oe oe

A species widespread and abundant in the north Atlantic and Arctic regions.
In the collection submitted for study is a number of specimens of this form
collected by the biological launch Prince in Passamaquoddy bay, N.B. They
were taken on a muddy bottom at a depth of twenty-five to thirty meters
on October 8, 1917, and were found inhabiting shells of Apporrhais occi-

Gephyrea 5D

dentalis Beck and Thais lapillus Linné. Also several specimens apparently
of this species but which unfortunately had become dried out through evapora-
tion of the preserving fluid were found in tubes of Cistenides granulata in Dolphin
and Union strait, (Canadian Arctic Expedition Station 43 a,b), September, 1915,
25 to 50 fathoms.

Physcosoma japonicum (Grube).

1877. Phascolosoma Japonicum Grube, Jahresber. der Schles. Ges. vaterl.
Cultur. 54, p. 73.

1883. Phymosoma japonicum SELENKA. Die Sipunculiden, p. 76. pl. 2.
f. 18-19. pl. 10. f. 145-146.

A number of nicely preserved specimens of this species were collected by
W. Spreadborough at Ucluelet on the west side of Vancouver island, British
Columbia, in May, 1909. This species has been previously recorded, aside from
the shores of Japan, from Mergui on the gulf of Bengal, Australia (Sydney),
Fiji, and the Queen Charlotte islands, (Sec. Hérubel, Mem. Soc. Zool. France,
1907, p. 218).

Physcosoma agassizii (Keferstein).

1866 Phascolosoma agassizii KEFERSTEIN, Nach. k. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen,
p. 4

A well preserved partly grown specimen of this species is in the collection
transmitted for study along with that of the Canadian Arctic Expedition. The
colour markings are exceptionally distinct, these consisting of large black pigment
spots on the dorsal surface of the body and of parallel transverse stripes across
the dorsal and upper lateral surface of the proboscis, those just proximad of the
tentacles being deepest. The papillae and other external features are typical.

Locauiry.—British Columbia: Queen Charlotte islands, Skidegate
channel, low tide. 1910. Wm. Spreadborough, collector.

71928—2

6D Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

Fig. 1. Phascolosoma hudsonianum, n. sp. side view, distal end of proboscis retracted.

Fig. 2. Phascolosoma hudsonianum, n. sp., dissection, dorsal view. a. anus; oe. oesophagus;
di. descending coils of intestine; ai. ascending coils of intestine; sm. spiral muscle;
dr, dorsal retractors; vr, ventral retractors; g, reproductive festoons; n, nephridia;

ne, nerve cord.

Fig. 3. Aue noir hudsonianum, n. sp., portion of skin about two centimeters from caudal
end.

Fig. 4. Phascolosoma hudsonianum, n. sp., portion of skin from caudal surface.

7D

Gephyrea

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71928—23

8D Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE GEPHYREA.

Abildgaard, P. E.
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Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 5, p. 73-75, pl. 5. (Phascolosoma).
Andreae, J.

1881. Zur Anatomie des Sipunculus nudus L. Zool. Anz. 4, p. 477.
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p. 201-258.
Andrews, E. A.
1889. Reproductive organs of Phascolosoma gouldii. Zool. Anz., 12, p. 140.
1890a. Notes on the Body-cavity liquid of Sipunculus gouldii.
Johns Hopkins Univ. Circular, p. 65.
1890b. Notes on the Anatomy of Sipunculus gouldii. Studies Biol. Lab. Johns Hopkins
Univ., p. 389.
Annandale, N., and Kemp, 8
1915. F auna of Chilka Take. The Echiuroidea of the Lake and of the Gangetee Delta.
Mem. Ind. Mus., Calcutta, 5, p. 55-63.
Appel, W.

1885. Beitrag zur Anatomie und Histologie des Priapulus caudatus und des Halicryptus
spinulosus. Zeit. wiss. Zool. 42, p. 459-529, pl. 15-17.

Augener, H.
1903. Beitriige zur Kenntniss der Gephyreen nach Untersuchungen der im G6ttingen zool.
Museum befindlichen Sipunculiden und Echiuriden. Arch. Naturg., 69, pp.
297-371, pl. 16-20.
: 1906. Westindische Polychaeten. Blake reports, 42. Bull. M. C. Z., 48, p. 193-196, pl. 8.
aird, W.
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1870. Description of some new species of Annelida and Gephyrea in the collection of the
=a British Museum. Journal of the Linn. Soc., London, p. 97.
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1912. Uber die Entw icklungsgeschichte von Bonellia. Verh. deutsch. zool. Ges. Vers., 22,
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Tl. 2, p. 208-212.
Barbut, J.

1783. Genera Vermium.
Benham, W. B.
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172-184
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135-138.
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Bohadsch, J. B.
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1791. Encye. method.

_@

Gephyrea 9p -

Brumpt, E.
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mul 5:
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10D Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

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+} * Pouegugs grind Opel Seekdow ep PO ert

eae ne

St Wwifepee-

Gephyrea llp

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A

WT

Gephyrea 13D

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;
;
i

Peal 7 ee

14p Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

Jourdan, Et.
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b
‘’
:
2

os

=) om

Gephyrea 15D

Ladreyt, F.—Concluded.
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Vv.

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cee Bet

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Gephyrea 17D

Packard, A. 8S.
1867. Observations on the Glacial Phenomena of Labrador and Maine, with a view of the
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1777. British Zoology, 4, p. 31, pl. 20, f. 10.
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1897. Traité de Zoologie.
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1850. Wes a Fortpflanzungsorgane des Sipunculus. Archiv. f. Anat. u. Physiol, p. 592,
5

Phillips, J. i ;
1854. Notes ona Living Priapulus caudatus. Rep. Br. Assoc. for 1853, Notes and Abstract,

p.
Pourtalés, L. F. de
1851. On the Gephyrea of the Atlantic coast of the United States. Proc. Am. Ass. Ady.
Sc., 5th meeting, pp. 39-42.
Pruvot, G.

1894. Essai sur la topogr. et la const. des fonds sous-marins de la région de Banyuls. Archiv.
Zool. expér. et gén.; (3), 2, p. 599.
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1897. Essai sur les fonds et la faune dela Manche occidentale (cétes de Bretagne) comparés
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Quatrefages, A. de
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Rafinesque, Schmalz, C. 8
1814. Précis des découvertes.
Ranzani, C.
1817. Opusculi scientifici, Fasc. 2, p. 112, pl. 4; et Isis, 11 and 12, 183.
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1843. Beitrage zur fauna Norwegens. Nova Act. Phys. med. Acad. C. L. C. Nat. Cur., 20,

- p. 2-264, pl. 1-12.
Rathke, J. j
1806. In Miiller, Zoologica Danica, 4.

Reinhardt, J. Th.
1851. Naturhist. Bidrag til en Beskrevelse af Groenlande.

Retzius, G. : :

1904. Zur Kenntniss der Spermien der Evertebraten. Biol. Untersuch, 11, p. 1-32, pl. 1-13.
Rietsch, M.

1884. Sur la structure histologique de la trompe de la Bonellie. Bull. Soc. Philom., (7), 8,

. 125-132.
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1826. Hist. nat. Europ. mérid., 5.
Ritchie, J.
1912. The common spoon-worm, Echiurus Pallasii, on the coast of Aberdeenshire. Scot-
tish Naturalist, p. 69.
Rolando, L.

1821. Bonellia viridis. Mem. della reale Accad. delle scienze di Torino. 26, p. 539-551, pl.
14, f. 1-3, pl. 15, f. 5-7. ,
1823. Neues Thier zur Klasse der Echinodermen. (Transl. of preceding article). Isis von
Oken, 1, p. 398, pl. 5, f. 1-5.
Rondelet, G.
1558. L’hist. entiére des poissons. Fr. transl. by Joubert.

18D Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

Rosa, D.
1898. Sur les prétendus rapports génét. entre les lymphocytes et les chlorogogénes. Archiv.
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C.R. Acad. Se. Paris, 110, p. 1147-1149.
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1898b. Sur les Géphyriens des grands fonds de la Mer, rec. par le “‘Travailleur”’ et le “Talis-
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Salensky, W. See Selensky, W.
Sars, M.
1851. Nyt. Mag. f. Naturwid., 6, p. 197.
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1875. Der griine Farbstoff von Bonellia viridis. 8. B. Akad. Wien, 5, p.
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1904. Monogr. de l’isle d’ Anticosti. Thése Faculté Se. de Paris, Sorbonne.
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1912. Die neuester Beobachtungen iiber natiirlicher Eisenresorption in thierischen Zell-
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1820. Handbuch der Naturg. ungegl. Thiere
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1878. Das Mannchen der Bonellia. Zool. Anz., 1, p. 120-121.
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Semper, K.
1864. Reisebericht. Zeits. wiss. Zool. 1864, 14, p. 416-426, pl. 41.

Gephyrea 19D

Senna, A.
1906. Raccolte planktonische fatte della R. nave Liguria nel viaggio di cireumnavigazione,
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1908. The Echinoderms of Guernsey. Rep. Trans. Guersney Soc. Nat. Se., 5, p. 329-332.
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1890a. On a new species of Phymosoma. Proc. Cambr. Phil. Soc., 7, p. 77-78.
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1891. On a new Species of Phymosoma, with a synopsis of the genus and some account of
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1892. On Onchnesoma steenstruppi. Q. J. Mier. Sc., 34, p. 233-250.
1893. Notes on the genus Sipunculus. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 326-332, pl. 25-27.
1896. Gephyrea and Phoronis. Camb. Nat. Hist., 2, p. 409-462, 21f.
1898a. A Report on the Sipunculoidea collected by Dr. Willey at the Loyalty Is. and in New
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1899a. Notes on a Collection of Gephyrean worms found at Christmas Id. by Mr. C. W.
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1899b. On a Collection of Echiuroids from the Loyalty Id., ete. Willey’s Zool. Results,
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1902a. Report on the Gephyrea coll. by Prof. Herdmann at Ceylon in 1902. Herdman Rep.
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1902b. Echiuroidea. Fauna and Geogr. Maldive Laccadive Archip. 1, p. 127-130, 1 pl.
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1901a. Sur la distribution géographique de quelques Priapulidae, Russ. art. in Ann. Mus.
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1901b. Uber die Gattung Hamingia Kor. et Dan. (Bonellidae). Zool. Anz., 24, p. 158-160, 1 f.
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1902b. Gephyrea aus der zool. Ausbeute des Eisbrechers ‘“‘Ermak’”’ in Sommer 1901. Ann.
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2 maps and 6 f.
Sluiter, G. P.
1882. Notiz uber die Segmental-Organe u. Geschlechtsdriisen einiger Tropischen Sipun-
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1883. Uber einige Sternwiirmer des indischen Archipels. Zool. Anz., 6, p. 222-228.
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1890. Die BrelbBrater aus der Sammlung des kéniglichen naturwiss. Vereins in Niederl.
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1891. Same title, III, Op. cit., 50, p. 112. ie)
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1900. Géphyriens (Sipunculides et Echiurides) provenant des campagnes de I’Hirondelle” et
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Solander, D.
1786. Nat. Hist. of Zoophytes coll. by J. Ellis, 4, p. 196, pl. 8, f. 6.
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1908. British and Irish marine Worms. Irish Nat., 17, p. 83-86.
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1-6, and 1-6, 2 pl.

20D Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

Spengel, J. W.
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1898. Der Name Physcosoma. Zool. Anz., 21, p. 50.
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Gephyrea 21D

Verrill, A. E—Concluded.
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Vignal, W.

1887. Sur les éléments du liquide de la cavité générale des Siponcles. CR. Ass. Fr. Sei.
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me CONTENTS OF PARTS IN PREPARATION. |

Volume I: General Introduction, Narrative, Etc,
Part A: Néxthank Party, 1913-18.

Part B: Southern Party, 1913-16. By Rudolph Martin Anderson. (In preparation).

Volume If: Mammals and Birds.

Part A: Mammals. By Rudolph Martin Anderson. (In preparation).
Part B: Birds. By R. M. Anderson and P. A. Taverner. (In preparation),

a3 Volume Ill: Insects.
Part A: Collembola. By Justus W. Folsom. (Issued),
Part B: Neuropteroid Insects. By Nathan Banks, (Issued).

Part F: Hemiptera. By E. P. Van Duzee. (Issued).
and E. Porter Felt. (Issued).

cia of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18,

' Part C: Diptera. By Chas. W. Alexander, Harrison G. Dyar, and J. R. Malloch. (Issued).
_ Part D: Mallophaga and Anoplura. By A. W. Baker,’G. F. Ferris, and G. H. F. Nuttall.

Es (Issued),
- Part E: Coleoptera. By J. M. Swaine, H. C. Fall, C.W. Leng, and J. D. Sherman, Jr. (Issued).

- Part G: Hymenoptera and Plant Galls, By Alex. D. MacGillivray, Charles T. Brues, F. W.L. Sladen,

Part H: Fa Mites, and Myriapods. By J. H. Emerton, Nathan Banks, and Ralph V. Chamberlin.

(Issued
-Part.I: Lepidoptera. By Arthur Gibson. (Issued).

~ Part J: Orthoptera. By E. M. Walker.
Part K: General Observations on Insect Life in the Arctic. By Frits Johansen. (In preparation).

Volume IV: Botany.

Part A: Pecshivaiee Algae and Freshwater Diatoms. By Charles W. Lowe. (In preparation).

Part B: Marine ei By F. Collins. (In preparation).

' Part C: Fungi. By John Dearness. (In preparation).

Part D: Lichens. By K. L. Merrill. (In preparation).

Part E: Mosses. By R.S. Williams. (In preparation):
5 Volume V: Botany.

Part’ A: Flowering Plants and Ferns. By James M. Macoun, and others. (In preparation).
Part] B: General Notes on Arctic Vegetation. By Frits Johansen. (In preparation).

Volume VI: Fishes, Tunicates, Etc.

- Part A: Fishes. By F. Johansen. (In preparation).

Part B: Ascidians, etc, By A. G. Huntsman. (In preparation).

Volume VII: Crustacea.

Part A: Decapod Crustaceans. By Mary J. Rathbun. (Issued).
Part B: Schizopod Crustaceans. By Waldo L. Schmitt. (Jssued)

ss Part C: Cumacea. By W.T. Calman. (Jn preparation).

Part D: Isopoda. By Miss P. L. Boone. (In preparation).
Part-E: Amphipoda. _By Clarence R. Shoemaker. (In press.
Part F: Pantopoda, LeonJ. Cole. (In preparation).

Part G: Euphyllopoda. By F. Johansen. (In preparation).

Part H: Cladocera. By Chancey Juday. (In press).

Part I: Ostracoda. By R.W. Sharpe. (In preparation).

Part J: Freshwater Copepoda. By C. Dwight Marsh. (In press).
Part K: Marine Copepoda. By A. am (In press).

Part L: Parasitic\Copepoda. By Chas. B. Wilson. (Jn press).
Part M: Cirripedia. By H. A. Pilsbry. (In preparation).

Volume VIII: Molluscs, Echinoderms, Coelenterates, Ete.

_ Part A: Mollusks, Recent and Pleistocene. By'Wm.H. Dall. ([ssued.)

Part B: Cephalopoda and Pteropoda. By S.S. Berry and W. F. Clapp. (In preparation).
Part C: Echinoderms. By Austin H. Clark, (In press).

Part D: Bryozoa. By R.C. Osburn. (In preparation).

Part E. Rotatoria. By H. K. Harring. (In preparation).

Part F: Chaetognatha. By A. G. Huntsman. (In preparation).

‘Part H: Medusae and Ctenophora. By H.B. Bigelow. (In press).

Part I: Hydroids. By McLean Fraser. (In preparation).

(Porifera, Actinozoa, and Alcyonaria: material small in amount, and no specialists selected).

Volume IX: Annelids, Parasitic Worms, Protozoans, Etc.
Part A: Oligochaeta. By Frank Smith and Paul S. Welch. (Jssued).
Part B: Polychaeta. By Ralph V. Chamberlin. (In press).
Part C: Hirudinea. By J. P. Moore. (In preparation).
Part D: Gephyrea. By Ralph V. Chamberlin. (Jn press).
Part E: Acanthocephala. By H.J. Van Cleave. (In press).
Part F: Nematoda. By N. A. Cobb. (Jn preparation).
Part G: Trematoda. By A. R. Cooper. (In preparation).
Part H: Cestoda. By A. R. Cooper. (In preparation).
Part I: Turbellaria. By A. Hassell. (In preparation).

Part J: Gordiacea.
_ Part K. Sporozoa. By J. W. Mavor. (In preparation).

Part M: Foraminifera. By J. A. Cushman. (Issued).

Volume X: Plankton, Hydrography, Tides, Pte.
Part A: Plankton. Marine Diatoms.

_- Part B: Tidal Observations. By W. Bell Dawson. (Jn press).

Hydrography.