Atlas of Adirondack Caterpillars With a Host List, Rearing Notes and a Selected Bibliography of Works Depicting Caterpillars 9226 Acronicta superans Timothy L. McCabe Biological Survey New York State Museum Bulletin No. 470 The University of the State of New York THE STATE EDU( A ! I« )N DEPARTMENT The New York State Museum Division of Research and Collections Albany. New York 12230 bs e Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from IMLS LG-70-15-0138-15 https://archive.org/details/atlasofadirondac4701mcca Atlas of Adirondack Caterpillars With a Host List, Rearing Notes and a Selected Bibliography of Works Depicting Caterpillars Timothy L. McCabe Biological Survey The New York State Museum New York State Museum Bulletin No. 470 NEW YORK THE STATE Of LEARNING The University of the State of New York THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT The New York State Museum Division of Research and Collections Albany, New York 12230 1991 ISSN: 0278-3355 ISBN: 1-55557-185-9 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK Regents of The University Martin C. Barell, Chancellor, B.A., I. A., LL.B . Muttontown R. CARLOS CARBALLADA, Vice Chancellor, B.S . Rochester Willard A. Genrich, LL.B . Buffalo Emlyn I. Griffith, A.B., J.D . Rome Jorge L. Batista, B.A., J.D . Bronx Laura Bradley Chodos, B.A., M.A . Vischer Ferry LOUISE R MATTEONI, B.A., M.A., Ph.D . Bayside J. Edward Meyer, B.A., LL.B . Chappaqua Floyd S. Linton, A.B., M.A., M.P.A . Miller Place MlMI Levin LlEBER, B.A., M.A . Manhattan Shirley C. Brown, B.A., M.A., Ph.D . Albany Norma Gluck, B.A., M.S.W. . Manhattan James W. McCabe, Sr., A.B., M.A . Johnson City Adelaide L. Sanford, B.A., M.A., P.D . Hollis Walter Cooper, B.A., Ph.D . Rochester Gerald J. Rustic, B.A., M.D . Staten Island President of The University and Commissioner of Education Thomas Sobol Executive Deputy Commissioner of Education Thomas E. Sheldon Deputy Commissioner for Cultural Education Carole F. Huxley Assistant Commissioner for the State Museum Martin E. Sullivan Director, Research and Collections Paul J. Scudiere Chief Scientist, Biological Survey Norton G. Miller The Stale Education Department does not discriminate on the basis ol age. color, religion, creed, disability, marital status, veteran status, national origin, race, or sc\ in the educational programs and activities which it operates. Inquiries concerning this police ol equal opportunits and affirmative action should he referred to the Department's Affirmative Action Officer, Education Building. Albany, NY 12234. Phone (5 IS) 474-1263. MERTZ LQRARY NSW YORK •OTAMCAl •ARDEN ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank the following individuals who helped rear larvae or assisted in collecting them: S. Tfeale, E. & A. Blakemore, B. Mateunas, C. Kuhn-Teale, T. Wright, J. Van Maltitz, M. Zariello, and C. Sheviak. Field facilities and permission to collect were provided by Mr. Brian Farrell of Indian Lake, New York. The late S. J. Smith (New York State Museum) verified plant determinations in 1977; in 1980, 1 was assisted by botanists C. Sheviak, R. Mitchell, and K. Dean (New York State Museum). E. Gossin (New York State Museum) helped locate articles on the biology of Lepidoptera. Linnea M. Johnson produced the line drawings. C. Supkis (New York State Museum) made internegatives and black-and-white prints of color slides. J. G. Franclemont (Cornell University) was frequently consulted in regard to the selected bibliography. D. Schweitzer graciously reviewed the manuscript and provided many helpful comments. The managing editor at the New York State Biological Survey for this publication was J. K. Barnes. iii ABSTRACT Photographs of caterpillars, and line drawings of head capsules and mandibles, are presented for 178 species of Macrolepidoptera found in the Adirondack Mountains of New York State. Host records are given for 250 species, as well as many plant species rejected by first instar larvae. Notes on flight period, diapause, and adult emergence are also given. Finally, a selected, worldwide bibliography of works that depict immature stages of Lepidoptera is provided. Key words: New York State, host records, larvae, Adirondack Mountains, insects, entomology IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction . 1 Rearing Caterpillars . 1 The Host List and Rearing Notes . 2 Host Records and Rearing Notes . 4 Hesperiidae . 4 Papilionidae . 4 Nymphalidae . 4 Satyi'idae . 4 Danaidae . 4 Thyatiridae . 4 Drepanidae . 4 Geometridae . 5 Lasiocampidae . 6 Saturniidae . 6 Sphingidae . 6 Notodontidae . 7 Arctiidae . 8 Lymantriidae . 9 Noctuidae . 9 Plates . 20 Line Drawings . 46 Glossary . 96 Selected Bibliography . 97 Host Index . 107 Species Index . 109 INTRODUCTION This bulletin is the result of two seasons (1977, 1980) of collecting and rearing Lepidoptera in the Adirondack Mountains of New York State. Lepidoptera were reared in order to obtain a reference collection of last instar lar¬ vae. This publication makes possible the preliminary identification of many living or preserved caterpillars, without reference to scattered technical literature. It also documents the range of larval food plant acceptabil¬ ity. Finally, a compilation of the world’s literature in which caterpillars are depicted is provided as a useful starting point for similar studies. North temperate fau¬ nas have many genera and species in common, and knowledge of food plant preferences of close relatives from other regions allows predictions to be made con¬ cerning local species. Historically, descriptions of caterpillars consisted of notes on color pattern, arrangement of prolegs, and food plants. Hiibner, in his "Geschichte” ( 1793-1831 ), was the first to make extensive use of illustrations to depict Lep¬ idoptera larvae. Eventually, attempts were made to clas¬ sify larvae based on setal patterns, arrangement of cro¬ chets, location of glands, and other characters (Dyar, 1894; Fracker, 1915; Forbes, 1910). Presently, the hypo- pharyngeal complex, mandibles, antennae, integu¬ ment, spinneret, and other useful characters are em¬ ployed bv lepidopterists. However, the fact remains that many of our most common species have never been illus¬ trated or described. Few papers devoted to lepidopteran host records have appeared, although some mention of such data is made in various monographs and generic revisions. Members of The Lepidopterists’ Society have made a plea for pa¬ pers on host records (Dominick, 1972). Recent lists of hosts for North American caterpillars include those of McFarland (1975) and Ferguson (1975). Apparently, many professional and amateur lepidopterists who make host associations choose not to publish their ob¬ servations because they do not represent the first time a host for a given species has been reported. However, these data are important because they may confirm pre¬ vious records or point out inter-population variability in food plant preferences. Previously, a worldwide bibliography of larval descrip¬ tions and food plant lists did not exist. An important be¬ ginning for rearing Lepidoptera is a review of available literature for the region under study. In the case of the Adirondacks, the works of Forbes (1948, 1954, 1960), Ferguson (1975), and Tietz (1972) are important. A se¬ lected bibliography, in which many important articles and books that feature larvae of Lepidoptera are cited, is appended to this bulletin. Short papers with single lar¬ val descriptions are not included, unless they are ge¬ neric synopses or the only examples known for a particu¬ lar group. Most generic revisions include larval host records, and these are not listed. Some articles or books that do not illustrate larvae are cited because they pro¬ vide many host references or characters for identifica¬ tion of Lepidoptera larvae. Short papers on North Amer¬ ican Lepidoptera can be located in the host index compiled by Tietz (1972), but the reader is also referred to the bibliography in Stehr ( 1987 ). Rearing Caterpillars Innovative methods are often needed for a successful lepidopteran rearing program. Obtaining eggs can often be difficult, because some species have specific oviposi- tion requirements. When a female is held for oviposi- tion, providing suitable substrates is often imperative. Leucania requires a hollow grass stem or tightly folded leaf blade. Phoberia oviposits under peeling, dead bark. Apcimea requires flower heads of grasses. Unfortu¬ nately, my initial attempts with this genus resulted in mixed cultures because the field-collected grass heads were already oviposited upon by several Apamea species present in the field. Most lepidopteran species oviposit freely, however. Folded paper provides the required crev¬ ices for many other species. Often a female has to be fresh to produce eggs in captivity. Providing cuttings af¬ ter depriving a female of the host plant for a day some¬ times induces oviposition. Many species, especially those that are diurnal, need room to fly, and somewhat natural conditions are needed to induce oviposition. I found that a light turned on and off repeatedly at 15 minute intervals would elicit oviposition in many diur¬ nal species, particularly if the light source was close enough to cause a slight (10°F) temperature rise within the holding chamber. Eggs may require special handling to maintain viabil¬ ity. I found that eggs should be removed periodically from the oviposition chambers that are undergoing light-dark cycles because they are apparently killed by repeated temperature and humidity changes. These 1 changes particularly affect first instar larvae nearly ready to hatch. When first laid, some eggs take on great quantities of water and must be kept moist. On the other hand, a significant number of species have eggs that contain fully developed larvae that would readily suc¬ cumb to added humidity caused by a seemingly harm¬ less factor, such as the addition of fresh leaves to the ovi- position chamber. However, species with overwintering eggs or eggs that are laid early in the spring are tolerant of excess humidity, and I have kept Eupsilia eggs com¬ pletely immersed in water at 34 °F for two months with¬ out affecting their viability. When eggs of certain spe¬ cies do not hatch, misting them with water often elicits eclosion. Larvae can be collected in the field by various tech¬ niques. Commonly employed methods, such as sweeping or beating with a net, can be more productive at night, when most climbing cutworms are feeding. General, low-plant feeders will accumulate under a sheet or can¬ vas staked flat to the ground. A cloth wrapped around a tree trunk provides daytime resting places for many climbing cutworms. Selection of potential food plants is often confounded bv the fact that many lepidopteran species have only a single known host, yet the host distribution is too lim¬ ited to account for the broader range of the insect. A spe¬ cies may be utilizing a closely related host or even an unrelated plant that possesses the necessary phagosti- mulants. Frequently, a secondary plant substance, such as a coumarin, is the determining factor in host selec¬ tion (Berenbaum, 1983), so what appears to be a drastic host shift is, in fact, a subtle change for the insect. Knowledge of the host for one species in a genus might allow an investigator to surmise which plants another species will find acceptable. Monophagous and oli- gophagous species present the most challenge in locat¬ ing hosts. Some large genera, like Oncocnemis, have many monophagous species that feed on diverse, unre¬ lated plants. Certain plant species apparently have little natural resistance to browsing by larvae. These include Tarax¬ acum, Prunus, Achillea, Rhus, Apocyrtum, and Sambu- cus. Woody perennials become less suitable as the sea¬ son progresses, an occurrence linked to a buildup of tannins (Feeny, 1970, 1976). I was able to successfully rear Trichordestra tacoma (Stkr.) on Prunus from a brood collected early in the season, but failed using the same individual plant with progeny from a female fly¬ ing slightly later in the season. Newly hatched larvae were provided with locally available plants that had been recorded as hosts or were related to a known host. Ultimately, they were reared on the plant they appeared to favor most. If no host was known for a species, a selection of the most common plants in the vicinity was provided. Often, rejected plants had been recorded as preferred hosts by other in¬ vestigators from different localities. This could be a facet of inter- population variability and not necessarily an error in identification or record keeping. Rejected plants are reported in this bulletin in order to point out species that are truly monophagous or oligophagous and to demonstrate where phylogenetically closely re¬ lated plants prove unacceptable. This is primarily noted in the case of first instar larvae, which are notoriously more selective than mature larvae. Oviposition in the wild was noted in several cases, and eggs have been found on unacceptable hosts on many occasions (Straat- man, 1962). Mature larvae become general feeders in many species. A plant on which females oviposit and all larval instars develop well in captivity, and on which larvae are found in the field, can be considered a defini¬ tive host, at least for one locality. Data on lepidopteran life histories were obtained from cultures started with field-collected females that were held for oviposition and from field-collected larvae. In 1977, all cultures were reared in darkness in closed metal tins. In 1980, all cultures were reared in ambient light inside clear plastic trays. In general, larvae that feed primarily at night (most noctuids) develop faster in rearing containers kept in darkness, and larvae that feed during the day ( Furcula spp., many saturniids and butterflies) do better in clear containers subjected to am¬ bient, though not direct, sunlight. Cultures were ex¬ posed to ambient temperatures. Larvae were reared on or collected from leaves (not stems or roots), unless oth¬ erwise specified. New growth was used when available. Fresh leaves were provided every two days. The Host List and Rearing Notes Individual code numbers (e.g. 77-13) were assigned to all rearings and are used to correlate identified females with their eggs, preserved larvae, pupae, adults, and 2 photographs that resulted from the rearings. The first part of each number indicates the year the rearing was conducted, and the last part indicates its place in the sequence of rearings that year. Code numbers were not always assigned at the same stage in the development of a brood. Frequently, they were assigned to females that failed to oviposit, thus accounting for gaps in the num¬ bering sequence. A number might not have been as¬ signed until it was established that the larvae would feed, thus accounting for numbers that appear to be out of sequence. On the specimen labels and photographs, my initials (as "tlm”) appear before the code number (e.g. tlm 77-13). "Ex ovo” as used here means "reared from eggs obtained from a female”. Voucher specimens are de¬ posited in the insect collection of the New York State Museum. Because the flora of New York State is well known, and 1 had the frequent assistance of botanical colleagues at the New York State Museum, voucher specimens of only taxonomically difficult plant groups are deposited in the Museum’s herbarium. The ink drawings were composed using a Wild micro¬ scope with an ocular grid and lOx ocular. Available ob¬ jective powers were 25x and 50x, accounting for the dif¬ ferences in scale. When a mandible appears out of scale with the head, the higher magnification was used when drawing the former. In other publications, head setae are often illustrated as if they were combed down flat on the face, an approach that has the advantage of depict¬ ing relative lengths. This was not done in the illustra¬ tions presented here, which should be used only to deter¬ mine presence or absence of setae and their points of origin. Lepidopteran nomenclature in this bulletin is based almost entirely on the recent Check List of the Lepidop- tera of America North of Mexico (Hodges et ah, 1983), and numbers from that work precede each name given here. Photographs and drawings are also labeled with the appropriate number from the Check List. Species are arranged phylogenetically, following the Check List. The only dates regularly given in the following list are those for oviposition, eclosion, collection, and larval maturation. Emergence dates are rarely given because artificial overwintering conditions yielded adults at un¬ natural times, although sudden spring emergence could indicate whether or not a species was diapausing as a pharate adult within a pupa. Many species were reared solely for the purpose of having examples of their ma¬ ture larvae, and no attempt was made to obtain adults. Authors of plant names are given in the host plant in¬ dex. Plant names follow the recent A Checklist of New York State Plants (Mitchell, N.Y. State Mus. Bull. 458, 1986). All Adirondack field w'ork reported here was con¬ ducted in a limited number of localities: Beaver Meadow, 10 km east of Indian Lake, Hamilton County, New York, elev. 555 m, 43 0 45 '30" N, 74°10'1 " W. South Inlet, Raquette Lake, Hamilton County, New York, elev. 520 m, 43°48 16 ' ' N, 74 °36 '30 ' ' W. Browns Tract Bog, Hamilton County, New York, elev. 530 m, 43°48'00" N, 74°42'17" W. Lake Tear of the Clouds, Essex County, New York, elev. 1310 m, 44°06'25" N, 73°56'05" W. Ferd’s Bog, Hamilton County, New York, elev. 536 m, 43°47 'll " N, 74°46 '27 " W. Most records are from the Beaver Meadow site, and this locality is to be assumed when no other is given. All photographs were reproduced from color slides. The plus and minus symbols ( + , — ) preceding catalog numbers in the following list indicate whether or not the larva has been depicted with a photograph (first symbol) or line drawings of the head capsule and mandi¬ ble (second symbol). For species that were reared, but not photographed or drawn, the symbols " — ” appear before the catalog numbers. All larvae depicted in the photographs and drawings represent final instars, and the relevant date and locality data can be found in the following list. 3 HOST RECORDS AND REARING NOTES Hesperiidae -3945 Erynnis icelus Pack. Mature larva collected in rolled leaves of Salix bebbiana, July 20 (77-89). Larva overwintered. Larva light green, with brown head. Papilionidae -f -4176 Papilio glaucus L. Mature larva collected on Prunus virginiana, August 22 (77-81). Second instar larva collected on Alnus incana, July 2. Larva rests on mat of silk in single, partially folded leaf (77-82). Larva green, with yellow, black, and blue eyespot and yellow and black collar. Nymphalidae + -4420 Polygonia interrogationis (F.). Two mature larvae found on Urtica dioica (80-141a & b). Adult emerged from one resulting pupa, August 22. Larva red¬ dish brown, first and last segments with black, branched setae. + -4421 Polygonia comma (Harr.). Fourth instar larva collected on Ulmus americana, June 6 (80-81); mature larva obtained by June 13, adult emerged June 28. Larva black, with white lateral line and setae. — 4433 Aglais milberti (Godt.). Mature larva col¬ lected on Urtica dioica, August 1 (77-83b). Larva black, with white spots; spiracular line yellow, wavy, broken. -+4434 Vanessa virginiensis (Drury). Mature larva collected on Anaphalis margaritacea, September 7 (77-10). Larva black, with white lateral spots, white in- tersegmental transverse bands, and red subspiracular spots. + —4437 Vanessa atalanta (L.). Mature larva found on Urtica dioica, pupated August 2 (80-143). Larva black, with yellow sides. -4491 Charidryas harrisii (Scudder). Second instar larvae collected on Aster tradescantii, August 13. Lar¬ vae gregarious and with considerable webbing (77-85a). Mature larva collected on Aster umbellatus, May 28 (80-155). Larva orange, with black and white mottling and a black subdorsal band. + -4522 Basilarchia arthemis (Drury). Mature larva collected on Salix bebbiana (79-80). Larva greenish brown, with a silvery saddle. Satyridae + — 4568.1 Enodia anthedon A. H. Clark. Mature larva collected on grass (Panicum sp. ) at Raquette Lake, July 22 (79-88). Larva green, with yellow-green lines. Danaidae + -4614 Danaus plexippus (L.). Mature larvae col¬ lected on Asclepias syriaca, September 1 (80-213). Larva with yellow, white, and black transverse bands. Thyatiridae + + 6235 Habrosyne scripta (Gosse). Oviposited July 5, eclosed July 13, ex ovo on Rubus idaeus, larvae ma¬ ture by August 7 (77-153). Third instar larva collected on Rubus idaeus, August 2 (77-152). Larva yellowish brown, with dark-brown chevrons. + +6237 Pseudothyatira cymatophoroides (Gn.). Oviposited June 6, eclosed June 13, ex ovo on Rubus idaeus. Larva fed within several folded leaves. Mature by July 10 (77-54). Larva dark brown, with silvery-white patches. + -6240 Euthyatira pudens (Gn.). Oviposited May 15, eclosed May 21, ex ovo on Cornus alternifolia. Mature larva by June 13 (80-35). Larva gray above, gradually darker on sides, and pale beneath. Drepanidae + + 6251 Drepana arcuata Wlk. Laid eggs in rows of three. Did not oviposit on the Alnus incana and Betula sp. provided, but on walls of rearing container. First in¬ stars accepted Betula papyrifera and Alnus incana. Ex ovo on Alnus incana. Late instar larvae rapidly knock heads against substrate when disturbed, produc¬ ing clicking sounds. Eggs laid May 10, eclosed May 18, mature larvae by June 3. Larvae make a loose cocoon among leaves (77-13). Mature larva collected on Septem¬ ber 11 on Betula alleghanensis (80-191). Larva pur¬ plish green above, green below. + +6252 Drepana bilineata (Pack.). Eggs laid May 26, yellow when first laid, changing to bright red, eclosed June 4, mature by June 28, ex ovo on Betula papyrifera (77-32). First generation adults cross-mated and larvae of this second brood mature by August 20 (77-32a). Larva cryptically marked with light and dark browns. — 6255 Oreta rosea (Wlk.). Oviposited July 16, ex ovo on Viburnum cassinoides, mature by August 17 (80-133). Larva grayish brown, with reddish-brown sides on thorax and dark brown to black inverted saddle on middle. 4 Geometridae Archiearinae -6256 Archiearis infans (Moesch.). Mature larva collected on Betula papyrifera, June 2. Adult obtained on June 8, 1978 (larvae refrigerated until June 1) (77- 91a). Larva green, with white stripes (distinctive for a geometer in possessing the full complement of prolegs). Ennominae + -6321 Epelis truneataria (Wlk.). Female collected on Ferd’s Bog, May 20, oviposited May 21, ex ovo on Vaccinium myrtilloides, mature by June 22 (80-50). Larva green, with diffuse, pink, dorsal line. -6588 Iridopsis larvaria (Gn.). Mature larva col¬ lected on Malus pumila, adult emerged June 9 (77-76). Larva green, with red dorsal band. + -6639 Eufidonia discospilata (Wlk.). Female col¬ lected at South Inlet, May 30, ova eclosed June 5, first instar larvae accepted Vaccinium myrtilloides and Betula papyrifera, mature by July 3 (80-74). Larva dark green, with pink subspiracular stripe. [Photo¬ graph, accidentally transposed, follows 6237]. -6743 Xanthotype sospeta (Drury). Mature larva collected on Populus tremuloides at night, May 28(80- 60a). Another larva collected on Prunus virginiana (80-60b); a third collected on Rubus idaeus (80-60c). Two more collected on Viburnum cassinoides, May 30 (8Q-60d,e). Larva light green, slightly darker above. -6796 Campaea perlata (Gn.). Oviposited June 18, ex ovo on Salix bebbiana. Fourth instars appeared to be diapausing and refrigerated on August 20, none sur¬ vived the winter (77-131a). Mature larva collected on Alnus incana, July 28 (77-132). Larva mottled brown; head pale, spotted with black. — 6799 Epirranthis substriataria (Hulst). Pink, oblong eggs, laid on their sides, May 4-13. Eclosion be¬ gan May 19, ex ovo on Populus tremuloides. First in¬ star larvae rejected Betula papyrifera, Alnus incana, Abies balsamea, Larix laricina, Rubus idaeus, Pinus strobus, Vaccinium myrtilloides, Spiraea latifolia, and Prunus virginiana. Larvae mature by June 10 (80-30). Larva gray, with two light dorsal stripes. + +6807 Tacparia detersata (Gn.). Bright red eggs obtained May 21, ex ovo on Alnus incana (77-61). Larva light brown, striped with yellow brown. + + 6818 Selenia kentaria (G. & R.). Oviposited May 17, eclosed May 31, first instars accepted Acer ru- brum and Betula papyrifera, ex ovo on Betula pa¬ pyrifera, mature by July 28 (77-95). Larva orangish brown and gray. + 6819 Metanema inatomaria Gn. Eggs orange when fresh, gradually changing to bright red. Ovi¬ posited June 6, ex ovo on Populus tremuloides, mature by July 10. Peculiar flat pupa in a weak cocoon on leaf surface (77-91). Larva blackish brown, with slightly lighter mottling. + +6822 Metarranthis duaria (Gn.). Elongate, oval eggs bright pink, turning to black near end of develop¬ ment. Oviposited May 19, eclosed May 28, ex ovo on Spiraea latifolia. First instars also accepted Betula papyrifera and Alnus incana but refused Vaccinium myrtilloides and Prunus virginiana, mature by June 22 (77-69). Larva light brown, with lateral white blotches on first two abdominal segments. - +6836 Anagoga occiduaria (Wlk.). Oviposited May 22, first instar larvae accepted Betula papyrifera, Salix petiolaris, and Alnus incana, ex ovo on Alnus incana, mature by June 28 (77-127; 77-128). Larva light brown, with fine brown lines. + + 6863 Caripeta divisata (Wlk.). Oviposited June 26, eclosed July 8, ex ovo on Abies balsamea, mature by August 8 (77-65). Larva red brown, with green lateral stripe. + +6867 Caripeta angustiorata Wlk. Oviposited June 26, eclosed July 8, ex ovo on Pinus strobus, mature by August 7. Many larvae trapped in pine resin and lost (77-9). Larva dark purplish brown, mottled with orange brown. — 6898 Cingilia catenaria (Drury). Mature larvae collected on bog, July 24, at South Inlet. Found feeding on Myrica gale, Andromeda polifolia, Cha- maedaphne calyculata, and Larix laricina. Larvae abundant, defoliating some Myrica gale patches. Spe¬ cies not observed in 1977, but a pest in 1980 (80-150). Larva with dorsal and subspiracular yellow bands, oth¬ erwise striate with black and white. + -6908 Nepytia semiclusaria (Wlk.). Mature larva collected on Abies balsamea. Moth eclosed September 6 (77-171 ). Larva green, with white subdorsal and yellow spiracular lines. + — 6963 Tetracis crocallata Gn. Female oviposited May 23, eclosed June 1 , ex ovo on Sambucus canaden¬ sis (77-51). Larvae dichromatic, with gray dorsum and purplish sides or uniform brown, with slight gray saddle on fourth and fifth abdominal segments. [Photographs presented for both forms]. 5 + +6964 Tetracis cachexiata Gn. Oviposited May 28, eclosed June 6. About 70 eggs laid in a raft. Ex ovo on Betula papyrifera. First instar larvae rejected The- lypteris hexagonopterix, Pinus strobus, and Abies balsamea. Larvae mature by July 10 (77-108). Larva dark brown, with pale patches on thorax. -+6966 Eutrapela clemataria (J. E. Smith). Ovipos¬ ited May 2 1 , eclosed May 30. A total of 80 eggs laid in an oval pattern in a single tier. Ex ovo on Prunus virgi- niana, mature by June 21 (77-40). Larva purplish brown. Geometrinae -7048 Nemoria mimosaria (Gn.). Oviposited May 26. Both Abies balsamea and Betula papyrifera ac¬ ceptable hosts, ex ovo on the Betula, mature by June 28 (77-121). Larva light brown, cryptically marked with darker browns. -7159 Scopula limboundata (Haw.). Mature larva collected at South Inlet on Aronia melanocarpa, July 2(81-113). Larva green, with pinkish-red segmental pat¬ tern down dorsum. Larentiinae — 7292 Hydria prunivorata (Ferguson). Gregarious larvae removed from an elongate web on Prunus serotina, September 13 (77-172). Larva black above, yellowish green below, with fine pale lines. + -7293 Rheumaptera hastata (L.). Ova eclosed June 15, First instars webbed leaves of Betula papyrifera (80-89). Mature larva collected at South Inlet on Myrica gale on August 25 (77-184). Larva striped in light and dark browns. + +7329 Anticlea vasiliata Gn. Oviposited May 23 (32 eggs), ex ovo on Rubus idaeus, mature by June 14 (77- 107). Larva green, intersegmental areas yellow and anal segment with reddish tint. [Head capsules of two separate individuals, one showing evidence of head pat¬ tern, are illustrated], -7474 Eupithecia miserulata Grt. Mature larva collected on Salix bebbiana in July. Adult emerged Au¬ gust 7 (77-70c). 7489 Eupithecia luteata (Pack.). Mature larva collected on Abies balsamea on August 3. An adult em¬ erged from resulting pupa on June 25, 1978 (77-123). + — 7637 Cladara limitaria (Wlk.). Oviposited May 20, eclosed May 28. First instar larvae rejected Larix lari- cina. Ex ovo on Abies balsamea (80-56). Larva green, with white lateral stripes. -7641 Lobophora montanata Pack. Mature larva collected on Populus tremuloides, June 27, adult emerged from resulting pupa on June 25, 1978 (77-174). Lasiocampidae + + 7673 Tolype laricis (Fitch). Oviposited August 7. Ova refrigerated until June 7, 1978, eclosed June 29. First instars ate Tsuga canadensis, Pinus strobus and Larix laricina, but clearly preferred P. strobus. Mature by July 21 (77-97). Larva grayish brown, with white patch on first abdominal segment. + -7687 Phyllodesma americana (Harr ). Oviposited June 1, ex ovo on Prunus virginiana, mature by June 25 (79-12). Larva bluish gray, with faint, striate, orange markings. + +7698 Malacosoma disstria Hbn. Mature larva col¬ lected on Prunus virginiana, June 6 (80-214). Larva blue, with broken orange subdorsal and spiracular lines and with white "keyhole” pattern down dorsum. — + 7701 Malacosoma americanum (F. ). Mature larva collected on Prunus virginiana, June 10 (80-215). Larva striped with blue, yellow, and black and with a white dorsal stripe. Saturniidae + — 7715 Dryocampa rubicunda (F. ). Fourth instar larva collected on Acer rubrum, August 3. Moth emerged on May 3, 1978 (77-151). Larva green, with black spines and orange head. - 7757 Antheraea polyphemus (Cram.). Penulti¬ mate instar larva collected on Salix bebbiana, July 31 (77-135). Larva grass-green, with red spiracles and nar¬ row yellow transverse bands. Sphingidae + -7786 Ceratomia amyntor (Geyer). Ova eclosed July 28, ex ovo on Ulmus americana, mature by September 1 (80-136). Larvae dichromatic, with a green and a pinkish-brown color phase. + + 7809 Sphinx kalmiae J.E. Smith. Oviposited June 6, eclosed June 13, ex ovo on Fraxinus americana (77- 94). Larva green, with black and yellow obliques and a blue horn. + + 7810 Sphinx gordius Cram. Mature larva collected on Spiraea latifolia, September 12 (80-186). Another mature larva collected on Myrica gale, September 13 (80-187). Larva green, with red spiracles and black, pink, and white obliques. 6 -+7817 Lapara bombycoides Wlk. Oviposited June 29, ex ovo on Pinus strobus. Larvae did not withstand crowding, reared individually (77-35). Larva green and white striped. + -7821 Smerinthus jamaicensis (Drury). Mature larva collected on Salix bebbiana, August 23. Adult emerged on April 11, 1981 (80-189). Larva green, with pink horn and pale obliques. 7822 Smerinthus cerisyi Kby. Mature larva col¬ lected on Salix bebbiana, September 5 (77-38). Larva green, with yellow obliques. + -7825 Paonias myops (J.E. Smith). Ova eclosed June 22, ex ovo on Prunus virginiana, mature by July 18 (80-92). Two mature larvae collected on Prunus virginiana on August 23. Adults emerged April 10, 1981 (80-188). Larva green, with yellow obliques and red spots. - + 7828 Pachysphinx modesta (Harr.). Oviposited June 15, ex ovo on Populus tremuloides, mature by July 27 (77-116). Larva green, with pale obliques and red spiracles. + -7853 Hemaris thysbe (F. ). Ex ovo on Viburnum cassinoides, mature by August 1 (80-139). Another larva collected on Viburnum cassinoides on August 10, it pupated August 13 (80- 170). Larva blue green above; spiracles marked with red. + -7886 Darapsa pholus (Cramer). Female collected at South Inlet. Ova eclosed July 1, ex ovo on Viburnum cassinoides, mature by August 12 (80-111). Mature larva collected on Viburnum cassinoides, August 20 (80-175). Larva green, with red spiracles and bluish- white sides. Notodontidae -+7895 Clostera albosigma Fitch. Oviposited May 28, eclosed June 6, ex ovo on Populus tremuloides. Larvae produced large amounts of webbing, mature by June 22 (77-6). Larva light yellow, with a fine dorsal stripe and a broad, gray-brown lateral stripe. + -7896 Clostera inclusa (Hbn.). Mature larva col¬ lected on Salix bebbiana, September 6, with unusual yellow head, diseased and failed to pupate (77-176). Larva purplish gray with yellow setal bases. + -7901 Clostera apicalis Wlk. Ova eclosed July 3, ex ovo on Populus tremuloides, mature by July 23 (80- 110). Larva violet gray with black head. + + 7915 Nadata gibbosa (J.E. Smith ). Oviposited May 28, eclosed June 8, ex ovo on Fagus grandifolia. First instar larvae rejected Acer rubrum, Prunus serotina, Salix petiolaris, Alnus incana, and Betula papyri- fera; they fed sparingly on Amelanchier arborea. Mature by June 28 (77-80). Larva blue green, dotted with white and with a yellow lateral stripe; mandibles orange. + 7919 Peridea basitriens (Wlk.). Ova eclosed Au¬ gust 5, ex ovo on Acer saccharum, mature by Septem¬ ber 1 (80-156). Larva green, with spiracular line pink, fading to yellow. + + 7922 Pheosia rimosa Pack. Oviposited May 22, eclosed May 29, ex ovo on Populus tremuloides. First instar larvae also accepted Salix petiolaris, rejected Betula papyrifera. Larvae mature by June 16(77 148). Larva violet gray. + + 7924 Odontosia elegans (Stkr.). Ova eclosed Au¬ gust 19, ex ovo on Populus tremuloides. Later instars attacked each other. Larvae mature by September 7 (80- 180). Another brood reared ex ovo on Populus tremu¬ loides, mature by July 28 (77-70a). Larva silvery gray, with slight purplish cast. + -7926 Notodonta seitipennis Wlk. Fourth instar larva found molting, September 10, fed on Populus tre¬ muloides (77-157). Larva violet gray, with orange markings on anal hump. + +7929 Nerice bidentata Wlk. Mature larva collected on Ulmus americana, October 5 (77-175). Larva blue green, with tubercles t ipped with yellow; broken reddish subspiracular line. + +7930 Ellida caniplaga (Wlk.). Oviposited May 20, ex ovo on Tilia americana (80-48). Larva reddish pur¬ ple, with white and yellow dorsal rectangles. + +7931 Gluphisia septentrionis Wlk. Oviposited May 21, eclosed May 28, ex ovo on Populus tremu¬ loides. First instar larvae produced large amounts of webbing. Mature by June 19(77-154). Larva light green, with yellow subdorsal line. + + 7934 Gluphisia lintneri ( Grt . ). Oviposited May 29. ex ovo on Populus tremuloides, mature by June 23 (77- 105, 77-106). Larva blue green above and green below, with yellow spiracular line. 7936 Furcula borealis (Guer.-Meneville). Ova eclosed July 3. First instar larvae accepted Prunus virginiana, hut eventually died <80-101). First instar larva with black body; stemapods with two yellow bands. -7937 Furcula cinerea (Wlk.). Ova eclosed July 3 (80-100) and July 14 (80-120). First instar larvae fed on Salix bebbiana and Populus tremuloides. Another female produced ova, eclosed July 13, ex ovo on Salix bebbiana, mature by August 20 (80-121). First instar larva with two dorsal yellow rectangles on abdomen and two yellow bands on stemapods. Mature larva yellow green, with purplish-brown dorsal markings; saddle mottled with yellow. + + 7939 Furcula occidentalis (Lint.). Oviposited May 27, eclosed June 4, ex ovo on Salix petiolaris. First instar larvae rejected Salix bebbiana and Prunus virginiana. Larvae matured, but failed to pupate; Fur¬ cula grow poorly reared in darkness, as were these, but grow well cultured in clear containers (77-124). A ma¬ ture larva collected on Salix bebbiana on September 4 (77-125). Larva yellow green, with brown saddle, edged below with yellow (77-124, first photo presented, plus the drawing). Field-collected larva (77-125, second photo presented in plates) very blue green. + +7940 Furcula scolopendrina (Bdv.). Ova eclosed July 23. First instar larvae rejected Prunus virgi¬ niana, but accepted Populus tremuloides, mature by September 1(77-171). Larva similar to F. modesta, but with yellow-gi-een spots in saddle. -7941 Furcula modesta (Hudson). Ova eclosed July 29, first instar larvae fed on Salix rigida and Populus tremuloides, mature by August 23, (80-149). First in¬ star larvae with yellow dorsal patches on body. Mature larva yellow green, with black markings and saddle. Larva similar to F. scolopendrina, but with ochre spots in saddle. + +7953 Symmerista leucitys Franc. Ex ovo on Acer rubrum, larvae gregarious, mature by September 1 (77-102). Larva yellow, striped with black, and with an orange caudal hump. + -7958 Dasylophia thyatiroides (Wlk.). Oviposited July 15, eclosed July 21, ex ovo on Fagus grandiflora, mature by August 12 (80-130). Larva purplish brown, marked with black above, and broad yellow and white lateral stripe. + —7994 Heterocampa guttivitta (Wlk.). Ova eclosed June 24. First instar larvae rejected Acer rubra and Spiraea latifolia, but accepted Malus pumila and Acer saccharum, mature by July 18 (80-95). Larva dark, with reddish and yellow dorsal pattern, no green (larva illustrated by Laplante [1985] was mostly green). + + 7995 Heterocampa biundata Wlk. Oviposited May 25, eclosed June 1, first instar larvae grew poorly. Only four of 100 reached second stadium on Acer ru¬ brum, but these matured by June 28 (77-34). Larva grass green, with bluish dorsal markings and brown lat¬ eral spots. + — 8006 Schizura badia (Pack.). Ova eclosed July 30, ex ovo on Viburnum cassinoides, mature by August 19 (80-142). Larva with front third green, middle purple, and posterior third mottled yellow green and white. + +8007 Schizura unicornis (J.E. Smith). Oviposited July 13, ex ovo on Prunus virginiana. First instar lar¬ vae also accepted Salix petiolaris. Cultures smelled strongly of acetic acid produced by a cervical gland. Ma¬ ture by August 10 (77-163). Another mature larva col¬ lected on Prunus virginiana. Overwintered as pre¬ pupa inside cocoon (77-163a). Larva with thorax green, abdomen dark brown, marked with white. + -8011 Schizura leptinoides (Grt.). Oviposited July 4, eclosed July 14, ex ovo on Fagus grandifolia, mature by August 23 (80-116). Larva brown, marked with dark brown. Arctiidae Lithosiinae + -8043 Eilema bicolor (Grt.). Oviposited July 21. Ova pink, laid in circle of seven with eighth egg at center. First instar larvae rejected Abies balsamea, Salix bebbiana, Prunus virginiana. Spiraea latifolia, So- lidago sp., Glyceria canadensis, Populus tremu¬ loides, Myrica gale, Rubus idaeus, Polygonum sp., Apocynum androsaemifolium, and lichens, but fed on the alga, Protococcus viridis; mature by October 2 (80-137). Brower (1974) reported it from Abies, but lar¬ vae probably fed on epiphytic algae present; Laplante ( 1985) reported it on lichen, but free-living algae proba¬ bly present. Larva gray black, with yellow subdorsal and subventral lines. — 8098 Clemensia albata Pack. Oviposited August 6, eclosed August 16, only three large eggs obtained. Reared on lichen, Hypogimnium sp. After several weeks, reached second instar, but eventually died (77-5). Later, found (McCabe, 1981) this species feeding on a free-living algae, Protococcus viridis. Larva green, mottled with brown. Arctiinae + -8157 Phragmatobia lineata Newman & Donahue. Ova obtained from female collected in the daytime, on Browns Tract Pond bog, May 27, 1982. First instar lar- 8 vae rejected Salix rigida, Phleuin pratense, and Pop- ulus tremuloides; accepted Apocyum androsaemifo- lium. Spiraea latifolia, and Asclepias syriaca. Ex ovo on Spiraea, mature by July 22. Less than 10% pupated; remainder overwintered (82-37). Despite intensive col¬ lecting efforts, no adults were collected at light. Larva with black front, remainder with reddish-brown hairs. + -8158 Phragmatohia assimilans Wlk. Mature larva collected on Apocynum androsaemifolium on August 21 (77-1 13b). Many larvae observed wandering. Single reared pupa failed to yield adult, identification tentative. Larva with rather stiff, uniform, yellowish hairs. -8162 Platarctia parthenos (Harr.). Oviposited July 16, eclosed July 24. First instar larvae accepted Taraxacum officinale, Vaccinium myrtilloides, and Apocynum androsaemifolium. Diapaused as early instar larvae (80-132). + +8166 A ret i a caja ( L. ). Mature larva collected on Eupatorium maculatum, June 15; fed on Plantago major in captivity (77-36). A field-collected female ovi¬ posited August 5, eclosed August 14; first instar larvae fed on Populus tremuloides, Taraxacum officinale and Pteridium aquilinum (reared on this) but refused Plantago. Second and third instars overwintered (77- 36a). Larva black, with white hairs above and reddish hairs below. - +8203 Halysidota tessellaris (J.E. Smith). Penulti¬ mate instar larva collected on Rubus idaeus, Septem¬ ber 13, molted September 19 (80-190). Larva with dense yellowish hair and black and white hair-pencils. + +8214 Lophocampa maculata Harr. Mature larva collected on Alnus incana, August 7 (77-113). Larva black, with longest hairs white, and with midsection yellow. -8230 Cycnia tenera Hbn. Mature larva collected on Apocynum androsaemifolium, September 7 (77-161). Larva with soft, grayish-white hairs. Lymantriidae + -8293 Dasychira dorsipennata (B. & McD.). Ma¬ ture larva collected in daytime on Prunus virginiana (80-65). Larva gray, with black hair tufts. -+8294 Dasychira vagans (B. & McD.). Oviposited June 30, eclosed July 13, ex ovo on Betula papyrifera. Early instars failed to overwinter (77- 164a). A second female produced ova, eclosed August 2. First instar lar¬ vae accepted Ulmus americana, rejected Abies balsa- mea. Diapaused as early instar larva (80-147). -8304 Dasychira plagiata (Wlk.). Oviposited June 24, eclosed July 8, ex ovo on Pinus strobus. Second in- stars did not feed, diapaused (77- 134a). Two additional broods, ova eclosed July 18, first instar larvae accepted Abies balsamea and Pinus strobus, but also diapaused as early instar larvae (80-126, 80-127 ). + +8308 Orgyia antiqua(L.). Mature larva collected on Salix bebbiana, September 7, pupated September 10; adult female emerged September 21. Female used to at¬ tract wild male; mated, and resulting ova refrigerated until June 7, 1978. Larvae eclosed June 23, 1978; reared on Betula alleghanensis (77-11). Last instar larvae sexually dichromatic: first and second pencil tufts yel¬ low in male, brown in female. Penultimate female larvae identical to ultimate instar male larvae, but undergo ad ditional molt. Field-collected, overwintering eggs found May 26, eclosed May 29, ex ovo on Alnus incana (80-55). A caterpillar collected on Spiraea latifolia pupated; resulting female mated with a field-collected male; re¬ sulting eggs overwintered; larvae fed on Corylus amer¬ icana (80-299). Larva similar to (). leucostigma. with three pairs of subdorsal red dots posterior to hair tufts. + -8316 Orgyia leucostigma (J.E. Smith). Mature larva collected on Populus tremuloides, July 28 (80- 144), yielded a female, mated with a wild male, resulting ova overwintered, eclosed May 27, 1981; larvae reared on Corylus americana (80-144a). Another mature larva collected on Myrica gale, August 1 (80- 144b). Third mature larva collected on Alnus incana, August 3 (80- 1 44c ). Larva with red head, yellow abdominal and subventral stripes, with two red middorsal dots poste¬ rior to hair tufts. Noctuidae Herminiinae + +8349 Polypogon protumnusalis (Wlk.). Ovipos¬ ited July 19; first instar larvae fed on Monotropa uni¬ flora, later instars fed on dead Corylus leaves; first in star larvae rejected living and dead Thuja leaves, dead Pinus needles, dead wood, and lichens; mature by Sep¬ tember 29 (77-138). Larva red brown, with yellow su- praspiracular and black spiracular lines. + +8351 Polypogon cruralis (Gn.l. Four eggs laid on June 29, ex ovo on dead leaves of Thuja. Abies, and Corylus cornutus. mature by September 10 (77-52). Larva light brown, with faint orange intersegmental bands at rear. 9 Catocalinae + —8536 Calyptra canadensis (Bethune). Mature larva collected on Thalictrum pubescens, early June; adult emerged June 28 (77-39). Six mature larvae col¬ lected on Thalictrum pubescens, June 6 (79-8a-f). Larva white with broken, black, lateral band; yellow spiracular spots; and light green venter. + + 8555 Scoliopteryx libatrix (L.). Oviposited May 30, ex ovo on Salix bebbiana, mature by June 27 (80- 67). Mature larva collected on Betula papyrifera, June 27 (77-103). Another mature larva collected on Salix petiolaris, August 3, with dull, silver patches on tho¬ racic segments in prepupa; adult emerged August 15 (77-104). Larva green, with white lateral stripe lightly outlined below with black. + -8689 Zale lunata (Drury). Mature larva collected on Prunus serotina, August 3, resting among lichens on trunk in daytime (77-177). Larva light green, marked with black. + -8697 Zale minerea(Gn.). Oviposited May 9, eclosed May 17, ex ovo on Salix petiolaris. First instar larvae rejected Prunus serotina, Betula papyrifera, Pinus strobus, and Abies balsamea; fed sparingly on Salix bebbiana; mature by June 8 (77-115). Second female oviposited May 25; larvae eclosed June 1, ex ovo on Salix bebbiana, mature by July 7 (77-70). Larva brown, irregularly marked with lighter brown. + -8698 Zale phaeocapna Franc. Pale green eggs laid May 21, eclosed May 29, ex ovo on Corylus cornuta; larvae mature by July 1. First instar larvae rejected Acer rubra, Pinus strobus, Abies balsamea, Larix laricina, Alnus incana, Betula papyrifera, Salix rigida, and Prunus virginiana. Resulting pupae re¬ frigerated until March 30, adults emerged April 1, 1981 (80-64) (see McCabe, 1987). Larva blue-green, with fine, yellow striations. -8703 Zale duplicata (Bethune). Oviposited May 11, eclosed May 18, ex ovo on Pinus strobus. First instar larvae preferred new growth, mature by June 10 (77-70). A second female produced ova which eclosed June 16. First instar larvae offered Betula papyrifera, Larix laricina, Abies balsamea and Pinus strobus; fed on only the latter (80-90). Larva mottled brown. + 8727 Parallelia bistriaris Hbn. Third instar larva collected on Acer rubra, August 19, pupated in a rolled leaf (77-178). Larva gray, with fine, black striations. + 8776 Catocala coelebs Grt. Female collected at South Inlet, October 9. 1980; eggs overwintered; larvae reared on Comptonia peregrina (known host, Myrica gale, not available in new location). Mature by July 1, 1981 (80-206). Larva dark, with fine, white striations. + — 8803 Catocala relicta Wlk. Oviposited September 15, eclosed June 25, 1978, ex ovo on Salix rigida (77- 145). Larva silvery gray. + -8858 Catocala crataegi Saund. Mature larva beat from Crataegus sp., June 8, near Pleasant Valley, New York (82- 66). Larva gray. Plusiinae + +8881 Abrostola urentis Gn. Laid ( 125 eggs), July 1, ex ovo on Urtica dioica, larvae mature by July 28 (77- 164). Larva light green, mottled with darker green chev¬ rons and with white subspiracular line. -8896 Diachrysia aeroides (Grt.). Oviposited July 21, eclosed July 26. First instar larvae rejected Spiraea latifolia, fed on Aster umbellatum and Solidago sp. (80-131). Mature larva collected on Solidago sp., Sep¬ tember 17, failed to pupate (77-186). Larva green, with white lateral line and some fine white lateral striations. — 8897 Diachrysia balluca Gey. Mature larva col¬ lected on Rubus idaeus, June 2; snapped its head vio¬ lently from side to side when a tachinid fly attempted to oviposit (79-7). Larva green, with yellow spiracular line outlined above with darker green. -8904 Chrysanympha formosa (Grt.). Oviposited July 21, eclosed July 28; first instar larvae accepted Vaccinium myrtilloides. Diapaused as second instar larva (80-138). Larva very similar to Eosphoroptervx thyatyroides. + -8905 Eosphoropteryx thyatyroides (Gn ). Two mature larvae collected on Thalictrum pubescens, June 20, pupated June 22 (80-91). Larva green, with bluish-violet and dark-green dorsal obliques. + +8908 Autographa precationis (Gn.). Ex ovo on Plantago major and Taraxacum officinale; larvae mature by September 20 (77-135b). Larva green, with white spiracular stripe edged dorsally by black. + + 891 1 Autographa bimaculata (Stephens). Ovipos¬ ited August 8, eclosed August 14, ex ovo on Taraxacum officinale and Plantago major, mature by September 5 (77-33). Another female produced ova, eclosed August 13. First instar larvae fed on Urtica dioica and Tarax¬ acum offinale, ex ovo on Urtica dioica, mature bv Sep¬ tember 23 (80-166). Larva grass-green, with thin, white spiracular line. 10 8912 Autographa mappa (G. & R.). Oviposited July 20, ex ovo on Taraxacum officinale (80 129). A second female collected at Raquette Lake, ex ovo on Taraxacum officinale (83-24). + +8923 Autographa ampla ( W lk.). Oviposited July 12, eclosed July 17; first instar larvae accepted Alnus incana, Betula papyrifera, Salix bebbiana and Primus virginiana; ex ovo on Prunus virginiana; third instar larvae diapaused, refrigerated August 10, hut died (77-7a). Another female oviposited July 13; first instar larva accepted Salix rigida and Myrica gale; ex ovo on the Salix (80-1 19). A third female oviposited on July 16; first instar larvae also accepted Salix rigida and Myrica gale (80-127). Larva green, with narrow, yellow spiracular line and two white, subdorsal lines - the lower one wavy and extending to prothorax, almost forming obliques. A larva from Colorado had three sub¬ dorsal lines, but resulting adult agreed in habitus and genitalia with Adirondack specimens. -8924 Anagrapha falcifera ( K by. ). Ex ovo on Tarax¬ acum officinale, mature by September 18 (77-7 lb). Larva green, with white spiracular line; spiracles white, ringed with black. + -8927 Syngrapha epigaea (Grt.). Ova eclosed Sep¬ tember 8; first instar larvae fed on Vaccinium myrtil- loides. Overwintered as early instar larvae (80-192). Larva green, with white spiracular stripe. -8939 Syngrapha alias (Ottol.). Oviposited July 21, eclosed July 26. First instar larvae fed on Picea glauca and Abies balsamea; rejected Vaccinium myrtil- loides; ex ovo on the latter. Most larvae diapaused and failed to overwinter, but one penultimate instar larva obtained in the autumn (80-134). Penultimate instar larva green, with white subdorsal, supraspiracular and subspiracular stripes; setal bases black; head orange. 8940 Syngrapha abstrusa Eichlin & Cun¬ ningham. Oviposited July 21, eclosed July 26. First in¬ star larvae offered Picea glauca, Abies balsamea and Vaccinium myrtilloides; fed only on the Abies. Ap¬ parently overwinter as early instar larvae (80-135). + -8942 Syngrapha rectangula (W. Kby). Oviposited August 5, eclosed August 12, ex ovo on Abies balsa¬ mea. Second instar larvae diapaused (77-144a). A ma¬ ture larva collected on June 13 on Abies balsamea (80- 80). Larva green, prominently striped with white as in S. alias; head green. + 8946 Syngrapha microgamma (Hbn.). Oviposited June 26, eclosed July 2, ex ovo on Vaccinium myrtil¬ loides. Larvae rejected Plantago, Trifolium repens, Spiraea latifolia, Taraxacum officinale, Achillea millefolium, Glyceria maxima, and Vicia cracca, but accepted Fragaria virginiana. Diapausing second and third instars obtained by October 15, all died during the winter (77-89a). A penultimate and an ultimate in¬ star larva collected at South Inlet on blossoms of Cha- maedaphne calyculata, produced a weak cocoon. Adult emerged May 31 (80-40). Larva pinkish brown above, with broad yellow spiracular stripe. + - 8950 Plusia putnami Grt. Oviposited June 30 (140 eggs), ex ovo on Glyceria maxima. First instars also accepted Phleum pratensis, but rejected Juncus. Diapaused as second instars (77-140b). A second female oviposited July 4, eclosed July 11, ex ovo on Glyceria maxima (80- 1 15). Larva blue green, with white sub¬ spiracular stripe. + +8952 Plusia contexta Grt. Oviposited August 7, eclosed September 16, ex ovo on Glyceria maxima. Overwintered as third and fourth instars (77-49a). A sec¬ ond female oviposited July 16, eclosed July 21. First instar larvae accepted Glyceria maxima. Mature by August 20 ( 7 7 -49b ). Larva green, with very narrow, yel¬ low, dorsal and subdorsal lines, and slightly broader spiracular line. Sarrothripinae + -8970 Baileya ophthalmica (Gn.). Oviposited May 24, eclosed May 30. Female refused to oviposit until leaves of Alnus provided. First instar larvae accepted Alnus incana and Betula papyrifera, but seemed to prefer the Betula and reared on it. Larvae mature by June 28 (77-130). A second female oviposited May 31, ex ovo on Corylus cornuta, mature larvae by July 1 (80- 71). Larva dark green, with narrow yellow dorsal and lateral lines. Acontiinae + + 9022 Exyra rolandiana Grt. Mature larvae col lected from unopened flower heads of Sarracenia pur¬ purea at South Inlet, June 6, one larva per blossom (77 149a-f>. Larvae previously reported (Forbes, 1954) to feed on inside of basal leaf (the "pitcher"), staying just above water line. Larva brown, with intersegmental areas pale. 9053 Pseudeustrotia carneola (Gn. i. Mature larva collected on Rumex patientia, September 8, pupated September 10; adult emerged April 14, 1981 (80-211 1. + 9065 Leuconycta dipteroides ( Gn . » (77-179): Third instar larva collected on Aster tradescantii, August 4; resulting pupa refrigerated until June 7, 1978; adult emerged on July 1 (77-179). Mature larva collected on Aster tradescantii, August 7 (77-179a). Mature larva collected on Solidago sp., August 12 (77- 179b). Larva green, with white, spiracular stripe becoming reddish near head. Pantheinae + +9177 Panthea acronyetoides (Wlk.). Ex ovo on Abies balsamea, mature by August 10 (77-2a). Larva white, mottled brown to black, with broken, yellow, sub- spiracular stripe. + 9183 Panthea pallescens McD. Oviposited July 4, eclosed July 15, ex ovo on Pinus strobus, mature by August 30 (77-79). Larva brown, mottled with white; white dorsal and subspiracular lines. -+9184 Colocasia flavicornis (Sm.). Ex ovo on Betula papyrifera; first instar larvae accepted Alnus incana and Acer rubrum, mature by July 1, adults em¬ erged July 20 to August 10(77-73, 77-33a). Larval integ¬ ument dark, anal hair tuft black. Anterior body hairs sometimes rufous. + 9185 Colocasia propinquilinea ( Grt. ). Oviposited June 5, eclosed June 13, ex ovo on Betula papyrifera, mature bv July 28 (77-137 ). Larval integument black to orange, setae white with hair tufts black and orange, anal tuft orange. Anterior body hairs sometimes rufous. + +9189 Charadra deridens (Gn.) (80-75): Oviposited June 7, ex ovo on Betula papyrifera (80-75). Another brood ex ovo on Betula papyrifera, mature by July 28 (77-60a). Larval color variable; integument black or white, but both color phases with white hairs; head black, with yellow front. + + 9193 Raphia frater Grt. Oviposited June 27, eclosed July 7, ex ovo on Populus tremuloides, mature by August 1 (77-78). Five eggs obtained from a second female on May 29, eclosed June 5, ex ovo on Populus tremuloides (77-1). Larva green, with three yellow, transverse bands. Acronictinae + -9200 Acronicta americana (Harr.). Second instar larva collected on Acer rubrum (77-7). Penultimate in¬ star larva collected on Acer rubrum, mature by Sep¬ tember 1 (80-167). Larva with bright yellow body hair, black head. + +9203 Acronicta dactylina Grt. Ova laid in late May, ex ovo on Alnus incana. One female produced 360 eggs (77-59). A mature larvae collected on Salix beb- biana, September 4 (77-57). Several larvae collected on Alnus incana (77-58a-g). Larva with rust-colored body hairs and black hair tufts. - + 9212 Acronicta grisea Wlk. Oviposited May 27, eclosed June 2, ex ovo on Betula papyrifera, mature by June 30 (77- 84). Mature larva collected on Salix pe- tiolaris, August 4 (80-151). Larva green, with brown dorsal stripe. + + 9226 Acronicta superans Gn. Captive females did not oviposit; a fertile egg dissected from female, May 30, eclosed June 5, ex ovo on Prunus nigra, also fed spar¬ ingly on Betula papyrifera. Mature by June 30 (77- 158). Larva green, with broad, dark, dorsal band edged with white (see cover for photograph). + +9229 Acronicta hasta Gn. Oviposited May 24, eclosed May 30, ex ovo on Prunus virginiana, mature by June 19 (77-86). Larva purplish black, with dark red middorsal stripe. + - 9235 Acronicta spinigera Gn. Oviposited June 29, eclosed June 5, ex ovo on Ulmus americana. First instar larvae also fed sparingly on Malus pumila, but rejected Populus tremuloides. Mature by July 28 (77- 156) (see McCabe, 1980). Larva silvery gray; head with orange transverse bar. - + 9236 Acronicta morula G. & R. Ex ovo on Ulmus americana, mature by August 1 (77-120a). Larva marked with brown and black; apex of head brick red. + +9241 Acronicta fragilis (Gn.). Oviposited May 24, eclosed May 30, ex ovo on Betula papyrifera. First in¬ star larvae rejected Populus tremuloides. Mature by June 19 (77-76, 77-77). Larva green, with brown dorsal stripe. + + 9249 Acronicta increta Morr. Oviposited June 30, eclosed July 7, ex ovo on Corylus cornuta. Known hosts, including Quercus and Hamamelis, did not occur in the area. Mature by August 20 (77-85). Larva with reddish-brown dorsal stripe and paired, yellow, dor¬ sal spots. + -9257 Acronicta impleta Wlk. Oviposited June 4, ex ovo on Ulmus americana, mature by July 23 (79-24). Larva black; hairs light brown; subspiracular stripe red. + +9259 Acronicta noctivaga Grt. Oviposited May 28, eclosed June 4, ex ovo on Spiraea latifolia. First instar larvae also accepted Populus tremuloides and Salix bebbiana, rejected Abies balsamea (77-122). A second female oviposited May 27, eclosed June 3, ex ovo on 12 Populus tremuloides; first instar larvae rejected Plantago major, Rubus idaeus, Daucus sp., and Taraxacum officinale (77-123). A third female ovipos¬ ited May 25; first instar larvae accepted Quercus ru¬ bra and Vaccinium myrtilloides, second instar larvae fed on Spiraea latifolia; reared to maturity by July 3 on Spiraea (80-52). A fourth female oviposited June 19, eclosed June 27 ; first instar larvae accepted Apocynum androsaemifolium, Populus tremuloides, and Vac¬ cinium myrtilloides (80 1 12). Larvae black, with red lateral stripe and stiff bristles. + -9260 Acronicta auricoma (F. ). Two mature larvae collected on sucker of Populus tremuloides, July 31 (77 122a). Larvae bright orange, with stiff bristles. + + 9261 Acronicta impressa Wlk. Mature larva col¬ lected on Myrica gale at South Inlet (77-185). Larva white and orange, with soft hair. + +9272 Acronicta oblinitaf J. E. Smith). Mature larva collected on Myrica gale at South Inlet, August 25; resulting pupa refrigerated until June 14; adult emerged July 5, 1978 (77-180). Larva dark, with promi¬ nent, yellow, subspiracular squares. + +9281 Agriopodes fallax (H.-S.). Ex ovo on Vi¬ burnum cassinoides, mature by July 28 (77-71). Caterpillars with a pungent odor, reminiscent of decay¬ ing Viburnum leaves in late autumn. Larva green, with reddish blemishes. + +9286 Harrisimemna trisignata (Wlk.). Ova eclosed June 30, ex ovo on Spiraea latifolia, mature by August 1 (80-99). Larva mostly black, with white saddle (bird-dropping mimic). Amphipyrinae 9360 Apamea impulsa (Gn.). Laid 36 ova on Glyceria maxima seed capsules, August 10; first instar larvae ate seeds, then dropped to ground and fed on grass blades; third instars diapaused, but failed to sur¬ vive the winter (80-173). (Many other Apamea species utilized the same seed capsules as oviposition sites, and it was difficult to find seed capsules without ova in the iield. Apamea adults fed on the blossoms of grasses as well.) -9367 Apamea dubitans (Wlk.). Mature larva found wandering on ground, June 8, rejected Fragaria, Achillea and Prunus; fed only on grasses, reared on Glyceria canadensis; prepupa by June 14; adult em¬ erged July 21 (80-86). 9382 Apamea devastator (Brace). Female ovipos¬ ited in Glyceria canadensis seed heads, ova eclosed August 6; first instar larvae fed within the seed; second instar larvae dropped to ground and fed on grass blades. Diapaused as second and third instars, but failed to sur¬ vive the winter (80-169). + - 9419 Oligia mactata (Gn.). Oviposited September 18, 1980; ova overwintered, eclosed May 12, 1981; first instar larvae fed on Betula populifolia and Cornus sericea; ex ovo on the former (80-212). Larva yellow brown, with faint, black-edged lateral line. -9520 Achatodes zeae (Harr.). Mature larvae re¬ moved from stalk of Sambucus canadensis, mid-June; adult emerged June 28(77-169). Larva white, with black head, shield, and tubercles. + +9523 Bellura gortynoides Wlk. Several batches of eggs laid, each one covered with hairs from apex of fe¬ male’s abdomen. First instar larvae mined leaves of Nuphar luteum; later instars bored in stems; matured by July 20 (77-62). Several third instar larvae collected at South Inlet, July 23 (77-63). Mature larva collected from submerged stems of Nuphar luteum at South In¬ let (80-177). Larva dark brown, with orange head, shiny. + +9545 Euplexia benesimilis McD. Mature larva collected on Osmunda einnamomea, July 28 (77-26). Several second and third instar larvae swept from The- lypteris novaborecensis, July 28 (77-28). A female ovi¬ posited June 14, ova eclosed June 21; first instars ac¬ cepted Alnus incana and Pteridium aquilinum, rejected Betula papyrifera and Viburnum cassi¬ noides; mature by July 15 (77-29). Larva light brown, with two white dorsal spots at rear. + + 9546 Phlogophora iris Gn. Oviposited June 10, eclosed June 19, ex ovo on Vaccinium myrtilloides; first instar larvae rejected Plantago major, Alnus in¬ cana, and Vicia cracca, accepted Taraxacum offi¬ cinale; matured by August 20; mature larvae diapaused (77-92). Larva light brown, with darker chevrons and a series of small, pale "key hole" patterns down dorsum. 9547 Phlogophora periculosa Gn. Ova eclosed August 22, ex ovo on Spiraea latifolia (80-183). Two ma¬ ture larvae collected on Spi raea latifolia at night (80- 58); another collected on Alnus incana, and a fourth on Viburnum cassinoides (80-58a&b). Larvae spun weak cocoons on the ground. 9556 Chytonix palliatricula (Gn.). Mature larva collected on smut-infested, senescent Aster blossom; fed on the smut, Ustilaginales (77-181). Larva dark -brown, with white, metathoracic, subdorsal spot; head with prominent, black, transverse bands. -+9578 Hyppa xylinoides (Gn.). Oviposited August 13, ex ovo on Vaccinium myrtilloides, mature by Sep¬ tember 24 (77-167). A second female laid eggs that eclosed July 12, ex ovo on Vaccinium myrtilloides (80- 118). Larva dark brown, with bluish wash on sides [fig¬ ures of mandible and bead is of brood 77-167], + +9578.1 Hyppa xylinoides, segregate 1. Oviposited July 9, eclosed July 15, ex ovo on Vaccinium myrtil¬ loides, mature by August 21. These represent the "mid¬ dle brood” of uncertain status (77-8). Larva dark brown, with bluish wash on sides. + +9582 Nedra ramosula (Gn.). Oviposited August 7, eclosed August 14, ex ovo on Hypericum perforatum; first instar larvae also accepted Hypericum mutilum, H. canadense, H. virginicum, rejected Viola selkirkii; mature by September 6 (77-143). A fourth in¬ star larva collected on Hypericum perforatum, Sep¬ tember 7 (77-144). Larva purplish brown, with broad, pale yellow, subspiracular stripe. -+9631 Callopistria mollissima (Gn.). Oviposited July 6 on undermargins of bracken fern leaf, eclosed July 13, ex ovo on Pteridium aquilinum. All instars fed on lower surface of leaf; first three instars failed to chew through both epidermal layers of leaf (77-117). Penultimate instar larva collected on Thelypteris nov- aboreacensis, July 28 (77-118). Larva brown, with con¬ spicuous white chevrons. + +9633 Callopistria cordata (Ljungh). Oviposited June 21, ex ovo on Pteridium aquilinum; larva fed on ventral side of leaf, mature by July 20 (77-119). Larva green, rarely reddish, with white obliques and red spots. + 9639 Amphipyra tragopoginis (CL). Mature larva collected in daylight on Apocynum androsaemi- folium, June 28 (80-97). Larva green, with subdorsal and spiracular lines white. C'uculliinae + -9873 Xylena nupera (Lint.). Oviposited May 6, eclosed May 14, ex ovo on Prunus virginiana; young and mature larvae refused Alnus incana; all larvae (> 200) of brown phase (80-31). Mature, green-phase larva collected on Spiraea latifolia, July 3 (80-113). Larva dichromatic, green or brown; brown phase with black dorsal band; spiracles red. -9874 Xylena curvimacula (Morr.). Third instar larva collected at night on Spiraea latifolia, June 28, mature larva pupated in August, yielded adult Sep¬ tember 23 (77-53). Larva light brown; spiracular line pale; dorsal chevrons slightly darker brown. + -9878 Lithomoia solidaginis (Hbn.). Penultimate instar larva collected on Salix bebbiana, Lake Durant (Hamilton County), May 27, molted June 8 (82-54). Three penultimate instar larvae collected on Spiraea latifolia, June 1, molted June 6, pupated, June 15 (80- 88a, b,c). Larva dark brown, with whitish subspiracular stripe. + -9884 Litholomia napaea (Morr.). Oviposited May 6, ex ovo on Populus tremuloides, matured by June 20 (80-33). A second female oviposited May 20, ex ovo on Populus tremuloides (80-51). Larva brown, with black chevrons. -9887 Lithophane bethunei (G. & R.). Oviposited May 21, eclosed May 25; first instars accepted Amelan- chier arboreum and Betula papyrifera, ex ovo on Amelanchier arboreum, mature by June 21 (77-30). Larva gray brown above, with fine, orange, dorsal and subdorsal lines and a pale yellow spiracular stripe. + — 9891 Lithophane amanda (Sm.). Oviposited May 6, eclosed May 18, ex ovo on Salix bebbiana, mature by June 10(80-34). Larva blue green, with white dorsal and spiracular lines. - + 9902 Lithophane baileyi Grt. Oviposited April 14, ova refrigerated for 19 days, eclosed May 7. Eclosion nor¬ mal except that fresh eggs died. Ex ovo on Prunus virgi¬ niana, mature by May 30 (77-25). Another brood of first instar larvae offered Alnus incana died (80-36). Larva green, with fine, white, dorsal and subdorsal lines. 9915 Lithophane grotei Riley. Oviposited May 27, eclosed May 31, ex ovo on Prunus virginiana, mature by June 22 (80-63). Another female oviposited May 16, ex ovo on Prunus virginiana (80-39). Larva green, lightly freckled with blue-green. — 9917 Lithophane fagina Morr. Oviposited May 6, eclosed May 15; first instar larvae were offered Amelan¬ chier arborea, Rubus odoratus, Alnus incana, Prunus virginiana, Larix laricina, Abies balsamea, Salix bebbiana, Spiraea latifolia, Betula papyri¬ fera, Sambucus canadensis, and Populus tremu¬ loides; fed sparingly on all, but grew best on the Betula; grew slowly to third instar, then died (80-32). -+9922 Lithophane pexata Grt. Oviposited May 16, eclosed May 21, ex ovo on Alnus incana, mature by June 15 (77-133). Another female oviposited May 11, eclosed May 19, ex ovo on Alnus incana, mature by June 23 (80-27). Larva green, with white dorsal, subdor¬ sal, and spiracular lines. -9928 Lithophane thaxteri Grt. Mature larva col- 14 lected at South Inlet on Chamaedaphne calyculata, June 20. Moth emerged in autumn, but failed to expand wings (80-220). Larva bluish green, with white dorsal and subdorsal lines and yellow spiracular lines. -9930 Pyreferra citrombra Franc. Oviposited April 13; about 70 °7c of 300 eggs refrigerated 19 days eclosed; larvae rejected Alnus incana, Betula alleghaniensis and Ribes sp.; first instars accepted Salix humilis and Salix petiolaris but all died (77-39). Known hosts i Hamamelis and Corylus) rare or absent in study area. -9935 Eupsilia tristigmata ( Grt . ). Laid 190 eggs April 14, eggs refrigerated for 19 days, eclosed May 8, ex ovo on Amelanchier arborea. First instar larvae also fed on Prunus serotina, but preferred Amelanchier blossoms. Mature by June 4 (77-162). Larva purplish brown above, with yellowish subspiracular line. + -9936 Eupsilia morrisoni (Grt.). Oviposited April 14, eggs refrigerated for 19 days, eclosed May 7, five days after warming, all of the eggs submersed in water, but still viable. Ex ovo on Prunus virginiana, mature by June 3 (77-120). Larva dark brown, with white subspira¬ cular line and violet prothoracic venter and cervical shield. 9980 Xylotype arcadia B. and Benj. Mature larva collected on Kalmia polifolia at Browns Tract Bog, May 25 (77-170). Larva brown, with silvery subspiracular stripe, black spiracular line, and black dorsal chevrons. + -9987 Mniotype dueta (Grt.). Female collected, Lake Tear of the Clouds, July 10; two of twenty eggs eclosed; first instar larvae rejected Pteridium aquilinum, Vaccinium myrtilloides, Abies balsa- mea, Rubus idaeus, Populus tremuloides, Apocy- num androsaemifolium, Betula papyrifera, and Glyceria maxima. Ex ovo on Myrica gale (80-114). Larva rose above, green below; head orange. + + 10005 Feralia jocosa (Gn.). Female laid 110 eggs, May 8, ex ovo on Abies balsamea, mature by June 12 (77-93). Melanie female oviposited May 9, ex ovo on Abies balsamea (80-29). Larva green, with white dor¬ sal, subdorsal, spiracular, and ventral lines; spiracular line edged red above. -10007 Feralia major Sm. Female collected May 20, ex ovo on Pinus strobus (80-45). Larva green, with white dorsal, subdorsal, spiracular, and ventral lines; spiracular line edged red above (distinguishable from F. comstocki and F. jocosa by the evenness of the sub¬ dorsal line). + + 10008 Feralia comstocki (Grt.) (77-42): Oviposited May 24, eclosed June 2, ex ovo on Abies balsamea. Parental female an unusual, brown-spotted form; a sin¬ gle adult emerged the following spring - also brown- spotted. Broods 77-43 through 77-46 from blue-green fe¬ males and brood 77-47 from a dark-green female. All larvae ex ovo on Abies and no differences observed among the larvae. Broods 80-68 to 80-69, 80-82 to 80-85, ex ovo on Abies balsamea. Larva green, with white dorsal, subdorsal, spiracular, and ventral lines; spiracu¬ lar line edged red above; subdorsal line crenulate (indis¬ tinguishable from F. jocosa). 10021 Copivaleria grotei (Morr. ). Oviposited May 21, eclosed June 10, ex ovo on Fraxinus americana; larva matured by July 10 (80-46). Larva light green, with yellowish lines. + - 10057 Apharetra dentata Grote. Two mature lar¬ vae collected at Browns Tract Ponds on Kalmia poli¬ folia, J une 26, adult emerged July 17. Mature larva ac¬ cepted Vaccinium myrtilloides in captivity (80-124). Larva brown, with gray-brown dorsal and lateral lines. + - 10123 Oncocnemis piffardi ( W lk.). Oviposited September 19, ova refrigerated October 15, returned to room temperature June 14, 1978, eclosed June 22, 1978. First instars rejected Thapsus, Taraxacum, Ver¬ onica, Eupatorium, Achillea, Phleum, Chrysanthe¬ mum, Plantago, Fraxinus, Penstemon, Vaccinium, Asclepias, Solana, Thuja, Populus, Rubus, Betula, Hypericum, Viburnum, Acer, Quercus, Pteridium. Solidago, Populus, Abies, and others; accepted Spi¬ raea latifolia (see McGuffin, 1958a; McCabe, 1985X77- 134). Third and fourth instar larvae defoliated numer¬ ous patches of Spiraea latifolia (79-20). Another female oviposited August 22, some eggs eclosed September 6 and larvae died; other eggs eclosed the following May 17, ex ovo on Spiraea latifolia (80-184). Larva light brown, with silvery gray striae and double brown dorsal line. + + 10197 Cucullia florea Gn. Oviposited June 19. eclosed June 25; first instars accepted Heiracium aurantiacum blossoms, rejected Trifolium repens. Vicia cracca, Spiraea latifolia. Chrysanthemum, and Glyceria maxima. Ex ovo on Heiracium until the blossoming period ended; larvae cannabalistic and the surviving larva was accidentally killed in fourth sta¬ dium (77-74). A penultimate instar collected on Aster umbellatus, August 23 (77-75). A mature larva col lected on Aster umbellatus, September 6 (77-22 '. Four mature larvae collected on Aster umbellatus from Au¬ gust 18-30 (77-155). Larva green, with yellow dorsal and whitish subspiracular stripes. + + 10202 Cucullia convexipennis G. & R. Mature larva collected on Aster umbellatus, September 4 (77- 50). Fourth instar collected on same plant, August 15 (77-50a). Larva with red dorsal band, blue and black ab¬ dominal lines, and yellow and white sides. Hadeninae - 10275 Polia nimbosa (Gn.). Oviposited July 13, ex ovo on Salix petiolaris, Alnus incana, and Betula pa- pyrifera. Third and fourth instar larvae diapaused (77- 121a). 10276 Polia imbrifera (Gn.). Ex ovo on Betula papyrifera. Second and third instar larvae diapaused (77-9 lb). -10280 Polia purpurissata (Grt. ). Oviposited Au¬ gust 17, ex ovo on Vaecinium myrtilloides, third and fourth instar larvae diapaused (77-140a). Larva brown, with faint dorsal and subdorsal lines. - 10288 Polia detracta (Wlk.). Ova eclosed July 8, ex ovo on Betul a populifolia (81-119). Larva reddish brown. -10291 Morrisonia latex (Gn.). Oviposited June 6, 200 eggs laid, eclosed June 12, ex ovo on Alnus incana. Larvae mature by July 19 (77-98). Larva yellow brown, lighter below, mottled with darker browns; spiracular line fine, black. + + 10292 Melanchra adjuncta (Gn.). Mature larva collected on Thalictrum pubescens, August 21 (77-3). Larva green, with darker green chevrons. + + 10294 Melanchra pulverulenta (Sm.). Oviposited June 27, eclosed July 3, ex ovo on Larix laricina, ma¬ tured bv August 4. Some adults emerged in October, other individuals overwintered as pupae and eclosed the following spring (77- 140). Larva yellow, with dark brown dorsal and spiracular lines. + + 10295 Melanchra assimilis (Morr.). Oviposited June 29; first instars accepted Solidago sp., Betula papyrifera, Alnus incana, Salix bebbiana, and Pteridium aquilinum. First instars rejected Vacci- nium myrtilloides. Ex ovo on the Pteridium aquilinum, mature by August 4 (77-14). Fourth and sixth instar larvae collected September 4 on Aster um¬ bellatus (77-1 6a,b ). Many larvae collected on Aster umbellatus, Rubus idaeus, Pteridium aquilinum. and Verbascum thapsus, September 7 (77-15a-p). Ma¬ ture larva collected on Myrica gale, September 1 (77- 21). Several fifth and sixth instar larvae swept from Chamaedaphne calyculata and Ledum gi'oenlandi- cum at Browns Tract Ponds, but fed sparingly on these in captivity, readily accepted Myrica gale and Larix laricina (77-18). Mature larva collected on Salix beb¬ biana, parasitized, tachinid eggs glued to thorax (77- 17). Larva collected on Salix rigida, September 9 (77- 19). Late instar larva swept from Myrica gale at South Inlet, August 25 (77-20). Larvae dichromatic, either green or brown, both with yellow, subdorsal and sub- spiracular stripes. - + 10298 Lacanobia radix (Wlk.). Oviposited May 25, eclosed May 31, 250 eggs laid in two batches, ex ovo on Betula papyrifera. Fii’st instar larvae also accepted Salix petiolaris and Alnus incana, mature by June 30 (77-142). Larva grayish brown, with black dorsal wedges. -10299 Lacanobia subjuncta (G. & R.). Fourth in¬ star larva collected on Thalictrum pubescens, August 17 (77-181). Larva green, mottled with brown. + + 10301 Spiramater lutra (Gn.). Oviposited June 4, eclosed June 10, ex ovo on Alnus incana. First instars also offered Salix rigida, but grew poorly on it (77-110). Mature larva collected on Salix bebbiana, on Septem¬ ber 7 (77-109). Mature larva collected on Aster umbel¬ latus, September 7 (77-109a). Third instar larva col¬ lected on Vaecinium myrtilloides, August 28 (77-111). Larva green to yellow green; chevrons barely traceable to well-marked with brown. + - 10303 Trichordestra tacoma (Stkr.). Oviposited May 27, 70 eggs laid, eclosed June 2. First instar larvae accepted Sambucus canadensis. Vaecinium myrtil¬ loides. Prunus virginiana. Spiraea latifolia. Betula papyrifera, Apocynum androsaemifolium, and Ru¬ bus idaeus, fed on various flowering heads of grasses, but not those of Carex; rejected Viola selkirkii. Abies balsamea, and Carex sp. Mature by July 28 (see Mc¬ Cabe & Godfrey, 1982X77-159). Larvae dichromatic, the green phase being unmarked, the red phase having a yellow subspiracular stripe and a finely striated, red¬ dish upper body. + + 10304 Trichordestra legitima (Grt.). Penultimate- instar larva collected on Aster umbellatus, September 7 (77-100). Mature larva collected on Salix bebbiana. September 12; moth emerged July 16, 1978 (77-99). Ma¬ ture larva collected on blossoms of Achillea millefo¬ lium, August 22 (77-101). Larva with orange-brown head, purplish-brown body, yellow subdorsal and sub¬ spiracular stripes, and black spiracular stripe. + + 1 0406 Lacinipolia olivacea ( Morr.). Oviposited Au¬ gust 4, eclosed August 12, ex ovo on Achillea millefo- 16 lium. First instar larvae also accepted Plantago major and Trifolium repens, but rejected Fragaria cana¬ densis. Mature by September 20 (77-129). Larvae ate pupae left in rearing container. Larva gray brown. + + 10436 Aletia oxygala (Grt.). Oviposited August 7. Eggs collected from Carex stem upon which female was observed ovipositing. Ex ovo on Glyceria maxima. Fourth instars diapaused (77 130a). Larva light brown, striped in various shades of brown. -10438 Pseudaletia unipuneta (Haw.). Oviposited May 20, ex ovo on Glyceria maxima, mature by June 22 (80-49). Larva brownish gray, with brown and black dor¬ sal lines and a violet-gray ventral stripe. + - 10446.1 Leucania lapidaria (Grt.). Female ob¬ served oviposit ing in folded blade of grass just after sun¬ set on July 31. Ex ovo on Glyceria canadensis, mature by October 2 (80-148). Larva striped in browns. + - 10447 Leucania commoides Gn. Ova laid in folded grass blade, ex ovo on Glyceria maxima. A female emerged on November 4. The first male appeared on No¬ vember 8 (80-146). A second female oviposited on August 12, eclosed August 23, ex ovo on Glyceria canadensis (80-182). Body striped in browns, grays, and black. + + 10487 Orthosia rubescens (Wlk.). Oviposited May 14, eclosed May 20, ex ovo on Alnus incana. Also accepted Rubus idaeus, but first instar larvae rejected Abies balsamea, Spiraea latifolia and Betula pa- pyrifera. Mature by June 15 (77-150). Larva yellowish white subventrally, with black lateral stripe. + + 10490 Orthosia revicta (Morn). Oviposited May 8, eclosed May 14, ex ovo on Spiraea latifolia, first instar larvae rejected Betula papyrifera, mature by June 5 (77-147). Four ova collected on Spiraea latifolia, eclosed June 3, ex ovo on Spiraea; resulting pupae re¬ frigerated until March 30; adults emerged March 31 (80- 87). Penultimate-instar larvae collected on Spiraea, June 1 (80-88). Larva light brown, with broad white spiracular stripe. 10495 Orthosia hibisci (Gn.). Oviposited May 15, eclosed May 22. Larvae grew slowly to third instar on Alnus incana, then given Populus tremuloides; ma¬ tured June 12 (77-80). + + 10513 Egira dolosa (Grt.). Oviposited May 9, eclosed May 16, ex ovo on Populus tremuloides. All stages produced webbing. Mature by June 10 (77-67). Fifth instar larva collected, August 2, on P. tremu¬ loides (77-66). Larva grayish-white, with black dorsal patches. + + 10518 Achatia distincta Hbn. Oviposited May 27, eclosed June 3, ex ovo on Alnus incana. First instar lar¬ vae also accepted Betula papyrifera. Larvae mature by June 20 (77-64). Larva grass green (including head) with four narrow white stripes on sides. + + 10521 Morrisonia confusa Hbn. Oviposited May 25, eclosed May 31; first instars accepted Salix pe- tiolaris and Betula papyrifera; rejected Vaccinium myrtilloides; ex ovo on the Betula; matured by July 10 (77-49). Penultimate-instar larva collected on Betula papyrifera, August 3; pupated but yielded no adult; female pupa dissected and the genitalia compared to confirm identification (77-48). Mature larva collected on Myriea gale on Ferd’s Bog, July 28 (80-145b). Two ma¬ ture larvae collected on Betula papyrifera (80-145). Larva knits two leaves together loosely. Larva with dark-brown head, a gray-green body, two narrow white stripes, and a series of lateral, purplish, segmental blotches. + + 10532 Homorthodes furfurata (Grt.). Reared ex ovo on Achillea millifolium, matured by September 2 (77-7 9a ). Larva, glassy dark brown to black. + - 10578 Pseudorthodes vecors (Gn.). Oviposited June 29, ex ovo on Achillea millefolium, mature by August 21 (77-182). Larva brown, with weakly devel¬ oped chevrons at rear. + + 10587 Orthodes cynica Gn. Fourth instar larva col¬ lected on developing blossoms of Solidago sp. (77-56). A brood oviposited June 18, eclosed June 26, ex ovo on Taraxacum officinale, Plantago major, and Cirsium sp., matured August 25. First instars rejected Achillea millefolium, Solidago sp., Vaccinium myrtilloides and Spiraea latifolia. Later instar larvae fed on Soli¬ dago and Achillea (77-55). Larva brown, with slight purplish cast. Noctuinae 10659 Agrotis volubihs Harv. Oviposited June 6. eclosed June 13, ex ovo on Achillea millefolium. First instar larvae rejected Plantago major. Fragaria virginiana. Trifolium pratense, and Vicia cracca Matured by August 7 (77-165). Larva dark gray-brown, lighter below. + - 10663 Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.). Mature larva found wandering on ground. June 12 (77-183). Glassy-brown, with setal bases prominent dark brown. [Photograph out of sequence, after 10999] 10903 Euagrotis illapsa (Wlk. ). Oviposited August 17 22, eclosed August 30-September 6. First instar larvae rejected Taraxacum officinale, Spiraea latifolia, ac¬ cepted Phleum pratense. Later instar larvae fed on Taraxacum and Vicia cracca. Most overwintered as early instar larvae (80-185). Larva light brown, with broken, black, subdorsal line (slightly swollen at center of segments), whitish and brown lateral stripes, and black spiracular dots. - 10919 Diarsia jucunda (Wlk.). Mature larva found on ground among Alnus on May 16. Fed on Taraxacum officinale and pupated (80-12). Larva brown above, darker brown below, and fine, black lateral line. With slightly darker brown dorsal and sublateral lines. -10926 Spaelotis clandestina (Harr.). Mature larva found on ground, pupated, June 23 (80-94). -10929 Eurois occulta (L. ). Oviposited July 12, eclosed July 17, ex ovo on Spiraea latifolia. Third in¬ stars refrigerated October 15, but died overwinter (77- 128a). + - 10930 Eurois astricta Morr. Four mature larvae collected on Spiraea latifolia at night; most parasitized by tachinids (80-57). Mature larva collected on Prunus serotina, June 7, with tachinid egg (80-76). Larva with traces of orange on top of head, dark grayish-purple body and dorsal chevrons edged with yellow ventrally. -10942 Xestia adela Franc. TW first instar larvae collected on Monotropa uniflora flower heads. Third instar given Rubus idaeus and Plantago major, and larva matured; adult moth emerged November 21 (77- 41). One brood reared on Taraxacum officinale and larvae mature by July 10 (77-41a). Larva brown, lighter below, with distinct, subspiracular demarcation be¬ tween upper and lower body colors; a distinct black chev¬ ron on eighth abdominal segment. - 10943 Xestia normanianus ( Grt . ). Ova eclosed Au¬ gust 12, ex ovo on Rubus idaeus (80-165). A second brood fed on Rubus idaeus and Spiraea latifolia, but rejected Vaccinium myrtilloides (80-154 ). + + 10944 Xestia smithii (Snell.). Oviposited August 8. eclosed August 17. First instar larvae accepted Rubus idaeus, Fragaria virginiana, and Sambucus cana¬ densis, ex ovo on the Rubus. Diapausing 4th — 5th instars obtained bv October 15(77 -154a ). Larva with un¬ marked gray-brown body and orange-brown head. - 10947 Xestia oblata (Morr.). Oviposited July 21, ex ovo on Spiraea latifolia, and Salix bebbiana. Third instar larvae diapaused by August 22. First instars re¬ jected Vaccinium myrtilloides (77 123a). - + 10950 Xestia bicarnea (Gn.). Oviposited August 6, eclosed August 12, ex ovo on Glyceria maxima. First instar larvae also fed on Glyceria canadensis, rejected Vaccinium myrtilloides, Achillea millefolia, Betula papyrifera, Rubus idaeus, Urtica dioica, Apocy- num androsaemifolium, and Sambucus canadensis (77-31). Larva brown, with black spiracles, tan spiracu¬ lar line, and weak dorsal pattern of dark brown dia¬ monds. + — 10951 Xestia tenuicula (Morr.). Oviposited Sep¬ tember 11, ex ovo on Glyceria maxima, mature by October 18. Two adult females emerged November 15 (80-193). Larva similar to X. bicarnea, but with slightly less prominent spiracular line and no dorsal pattern. - -10968 Xestia badieollis (Grt.). Ova eclosed August 15. First instar larvae fed on Abies balsamea. rejected Aster umbellatus, Vaccinium myrtilloides, Vi¬ burnum cassinoides, Betula papyrifera, Acer ru¬ bra, Pteridium aquilinium, Populus tremuloides and Rubus idaeus (80-171). Another female oviposited August 4, eclosed August 15; First instar larvae accepted Pinus strobus, rejected Vaccinium myrtilloides, Abies balsamea and Larix laricina; stopped feeding in second stadium and diapaused (77-24). + — 10970 Xestia youngii (Sm.). Oviposited August 26, eclosed September 1; first instar larvae initially ac¬ cepted Vaccinium myrtilloides, but all died by Sep¬ tember 10 (77-166). Another brood did the same (appar¬ ently First or second instar larvae diapause) (77-168). Third instar larvae swept daytime from Cha- maedaphne calyeulata < 80-66). Several third instar larvae collected on Myrica gale at night, May 29, matured on Vaccinium myrtilloides. Above records from South Inlet. Larva with orange-brown head, and flesh-colored body, black subdorsal chevrons becoming more conspicuous posteriorly. + - 10988 Eugraphe subrosea (Steph.). Third instar larvae swept from Chamaedaphne calyeulata. South Inlet (79-86a). Two mature larvae collected at South In¬ let on Myrica gale(79-86b). One larva parasitized by an ichneumonid wasp. Larva with a thin yellow subdorsal line, followed by an orange lateral line, a dark brown spiracular line, a cream subspiracular line, and a black subventral line. -10992 Paradiarsia littoralis (Pack.). Oviposited July 6, eclosed July 13; first instars accepted Prunus virginiana. P. serotina, Alnus incana, Sambucus canadensis, Pteridum aquilinum, Betula papyri- 18 fera, Achillea millefolium; rejected Fragaria cana¬ densis, Solidago sp., Abies balsamea, Thuja occi¬ dental^, Rubus idaeus, Vaccinium myrtilloides, Salix bebbiana and Spiraea latifolia; third instars diapaused (77-107a,b). 10993 Hemipachnobia monochromatea Morri¬ son. Oviposited July 12, eclosed July 19; first instars ac¬ cepted young leaves of Vaccinium myrtilloides; second instars diapaused (77-1 19a). + - 10994 Cerastis tenebrifera ( WHO. Oviposited May 19, approximately 40 eggs, ex ovo on Taraxacum offi¬ cinale. First instar larvae also accepted Rubus idaeus, Salix petiolaris, Prunus virginiana, Betula papyri- fera; rejected Plantago major. Matured by June 12(77- 160). Another female oviposited May 22, eclosed May 28, ex ovo on Vaccinium myrtilloides (80-44). Larva brown, with slight violet tinge, black chevrons, and reddish-brown subspiracular stripe. -10997 Metalepsis fishii ( Grt . ). Oviposited May 16, ex ovo on Vaccinium myrtilloides, feeding first on the blossoms. First instars rejected Alnus incana, Betula papyrifera. Taraxacum officinale, Abies balsamea, Salix petiolaris, and Prunus virginiana. Larvae ma¬ tured by June 23 (77-72). 4- — 10999 Aplectoides condita (Gn.). Ex ovo on Larix laricina, matured August 15 (77-47a). A second female produced ova which eclosed June 28, ex ovo on Larix laricina, matured by August 26 (80-96). A third brood eclosed July 11, ex ovo on Larix laricina. First instar larvae rejected Pinus strobus, Betula papyrifera, Alnus incana, Sambucus canadensis, Prunus virginiana. Spiraea latifolia, and Salix bebbiana (80-123) (see McCabe, 1988). Larva light brown, with weakly developed, darker brown, lateral chevrons. Larva from Albany grew well on Vaccinium myrtil¬ loides. + - 11001 Anaplectoides pressus (Grt.). Oviposited July 5, ex ovo on Sambucus canadensis. First instars also accepted Salix petiolaris, Larix laricina, Vicia cracca, Betula papyrifera, and Alnus incana; re¬ jected Abies balsamea, Pinus strobus, and Tsuga canadensis. Matured September 20. Many fourth in¬ stars diapaused (77-136). Another female produced ova that eclosed July 12 (80-117). Head and body brown, marked with black. 11004 Protolampra rufipectus (Morr.). Mature larva collected on Spiraea latifolia at night, May 28 (80-59). 11008 Eueretagrotis perattentus (Grt.). Ovipos¬ ited July 8. Third and fourth instars diapaused by August 22, but none survived the winter. First instars fed on Rubus idaeus, Pteridium aquilinum, Fraga¬ ria canadensis, Abies balsamea, Vaccinium myrtil¬ loides, Salix bebbiana, and Betula papyrifera; ex ovo on Betula; first instar larvae rejected Spiraea lati¬ folia ( 77- 1 3 1 b). + - 11009 Eueretagrotis attentus (Grt.). Oviposited July 8, eclosed July 16. First instars accepted Fragaria canadensis, Betula papyrifera, and Sambucus canadenisis; rejected Vicia cracca, Pinus strobus, Vaccinium myrtilloides, Pteridium aquilinum, and Abies balsamea; ex ovo on Betula. Penultimate instar larvae diapaused; refrigerated on August 27; only one survived the winter. Four days after warming it molted, then fed on Betula alleghanensis (77-23). Larva dark brown above, lighter brown below spiraeular line. + - 11012 Cryptoeala acadiensis (Bethune). A female oviposited on Hypericum perforatum blossoms, July 17. First instars accepted Hypericum perfoliatum blossoms, Sagittaria latifolia blossoms, and Sambu¬ cus canadensis, Prunus virginiana, Achillea mille¬ folium, and Spiraea latifolia leaves; rejected Rubus idaeus, Vaccinium myrtilloides, Pteridium aquilinum, and Amelanehier arborea. Ex ovo on the leaves of Apocynum androsaemifolium, matured by September 12 (77-2) (see McCabe, 1979). Another brood reared ex ovo on Rumex patientia, mature by October 1 (80-157). Larva light brown, with white dorsal and sub¬ dorsal lines. Heliothinae H — 11 062 Eutricopis nexilis Morr. Female moths ob¬ served at blossoms of Antennaria neglecta, May 27; mature larvae collected from blossoms, June 11. In¬ fested blossoms prematurely bloomed, larvae ate seeds (80-53). Larva brownish white, with weak, brown, dorsal and lateral lines. -I- -11064 Pyrrhia exprimens (Wlk.). Oviposited June 28, eclosed June 2. Moth oviposited on Aquilegia blos¬ soms. First instar larvae accepted Aquilegia vulgaris blossoms, Fragaria virginiana blossoms, Pontederia blossoms, and Apocynum androsaemifolium leaves and blossoms. Ex ovo on Apocynum (80-104). Larva ex¬ tremely polychromatic, ranging from green to black and white, with various intermediate phases having yellow or orange markings. -11164 Schinia florida (Gn.). Mature larva on seed capsules of Oenothera biennis, August 26 (80-216). Larva glassy green, with slight rose coloring near head. 19 4176 Papilio glaucus 4420 Polygonia interrogationis 4522 Basilarchia arthemis 4421 Polygonia comma 20 4568.1 Enodia anthedon 4614 Danaus plexippus 6639 Eufidonia discospilata 6235 Habrosyne scripta 6237 Pseudothyatira cymatophoroides V- 6251 * Drepana arcuata 21 6252 Drepana bilineata 6818 Selenia kentaria 6321 Epelis truncataria Metarranthis duaria 6863 Caripeta divisata 6807 Tacparia detersata 22 6867 Caripeta angustiorata 6963 Tetracis crocallata 6906 Nepytia semiclusaria 6964 Tetracis cachexiata 6963 Tetracis crocallata 7293 Rheumaptera hastata 23 7329 Anticlea vasiliata 7687 Phyllodesma americana 7637 Cladara limitaria 7698 Malacosoma disstria 7715 Dryocampa rubicunda 7673 Tolype laricis 24 7786 Ceratomia amyntor 7821 Smerinthus jamaicensis 7809 Sphinx kalmiae 7825 Paonias myops 7810 Sphinx gordius 7853 Hemaris thvsbe 25 7886 Darapsa pholus 7915 Nadata gibbosa 7896 Clostera inclusa 7919 Peridea basitriens 7901 Clostera apicalis 7922 Pheosia rimosa 26 ; 7924 Odontosia elegans 7926 Notodonta scitipennis 7929 Nerice bidentata 7930 Ellida caniplaga 7931 Gluphisia septentrionis 7934 Gluphisia lintneri 27 7939 Furcula occidentalis 7953 Symmerista leucitys 7939 Furcula occidentalis 7958 Dasylophia thyatiroides 7994 Heterocampa guttivitta 7941 Furcula modesta 28 7995 Heterocampa biundata 8006 Schizura badia 8011 Schizura leptinoides 8043 Eilema bicolor 8007 Schizura unicornis 8157 Phragmatobia lineata 29 8158 Phragmatobia assimilans 8166 Arctia caja 8293 Dasychira dorsipennata 8308 Orgyia antiqua 8214 Lophocampa maculata 8316 Orgyia leucostigma 30 8349 Polypogon protumnusalis 8351 Polypogon cruralis 8536 Calyptra canadensis 8555 Scoliopteryx libatrix 8689 Zale lunata 8697 Zale minerea 31 8803 Catocala relicta 8858 Catocala crataegi 8881 Abrostola urentis 8698 Zale phaeocapna 8727 Parallelia bistriaris 8776 Catocala coelebs 32 8923 Autographa ainpla 8927 Syngrapha epigaea 8905 1 os p horo pte ry x t hyaty roi de s 8908 Autographa precationis 8911 Autographa bimaculata 8942 Syngrapha recta ngu la 33 8946 Syngrapha microgamma 8970 Baileya ophthalmica 8950 Plusia putnami 9022 Exyra rolandiana 8952 Plusia contexta Panthea acronyctoides 34 9189 Charadra deridens 9193 Raphia frater 9200 Acronicta americana 9203 Acronicta dactylina 9229 Acronicta hasta 9235 Acronicta spinigera 35 9241 Acronicta fragilis 9249 Acronicta increta 9259 Acronicta noctivaga 9261 Acronicta impressa > J 9257 Acronicta impleta iff?' x 9260 Acronicta auricoma 36 9272 Acronicta oblinita 9286 Harrisimemna trisignata 9281 Agriopodes fallax 9419 Oligia mactata • % 4 V % V _ > 9523 Bellura gortynoides 9545 Euplexia benesimilis 37 9546 Phlogophora iris 9582 Nedra ramosula 9633 Callopistria cordata 9639 Amphipyra tragopoginis 9873 Xylena nupera 9578 Hyppa xylinoides 38 9878 Lithomoia solidaginis 9936 Eupsilia morrisoni 9884 Litholomia napaea 9987 Mniotype ducta 9891 Lithophane amanda 39 10005 Feral ia jocosa 10008 Feralia comstocki 10197 Cucullia florea 10057 Apharetra dentata 10202 Cucullia convexipennis 10123 Oncocnemis piffardi 40 10292 Melanchra adjuncta 10294 Melanchra pulverulenta 10295 Melanchra assimilis 10303 Trichordestra tacoma 10304 Trichordestra legitima 10301 Spiramater lutra 10406 Lacinipolia olivacea 41 10436 Aletia oxygala 10446.1 Leucania lapidaria 10447 Leucania commoides 10487 Orthosia rubescens 10490 Orthosia revicta . L 10513 Egira dolosa 42 10518 Achat ia distincta ■ EL ^ l 10521 Morrisonia confusa 10532 Homorthodes furfurata 10578 Pseudorthodes vecors 10587 Orthodes cynica 10930 Eurois astricta 43 10944 Xestia smithii 10988 Eugraphe subrosea 10951 Xestia tenuicula 10994 Cerastis tenebrifera 10970 Anomogyna youngii 10999 Aplectoides condita 44 11012 Cryptocala acadiensis 10663 Agrotis ipsilon Anaplectoides pressus 11062 Eutricopis nexilis I Eueretagrotis attentus 11064 Pyrrhia exprimens 45 4434 Vanessa virginiensis 46 47 6807 Tacparia detersata 48 O ° 49 oo 50 51 52 53 54 00 2.0,. Q 7810 Sphinx gordius 56 o / O Q> 58 7924 Odontosia elegans 7929 Nerice bidentata 7930 Ellida caniplaga 7931 Gluphisia septentrionis 60 OO O' OO 7934 Gluphisia lintneri 61 62 Q> Q 63 8166 64 0 0 8214 Lophocampa maculata 65 66 67 Abrostola urentis 0 69 70 9177 Panthea acronyctoides 9183 Panthea pallescens 9184 Colocasia flavicornis sO O 73 9193 Raphia frater 74 o O 75 0 o 9226 Acronicta superans 76 O Oo 9241 Acronicta fragilis / / O o 9259 Acronicta noctivaga 9261 Acronicta impressa 78 79 oa 9523 Bellura gortynoides 80 9546 Phlogophora iris 81 82 9631 Callopistria mollissima 83 oo 84 85 O o 10008 Feralia comstocki 86 87 88 10298 Lacanobia radix 89 90 10436 Aletia oxygala 92 OO 10521 Morrisonia confusa 93 94 10950 Xestia bicarnea 95 £>o GLOSSARY (Numbers refer to examples in photographs) brood: eggs from a single female. chevron: wedge-shaped marking on subdorsum (10930). collar: dorsal, transverse band on an anterior segment (4176). collected on: found feeding on [plant] in nature, eclose: to hatch from ova. ex ovo: used here to mean larvae reared from eggs obtained from a captured female unless eggs were collected in nature, horn: posterodorsal, spine-like appendage (7786) line: fine longitudinal marking (7953) mature larva: last larval instar (preceding pupation), penultimate-instar larva: the larval instar preceding matu¬ rity. pharate: condition in which fully developed moth diapauses within pupal shell. prepupa: non-feeding mature larva which usually loses color and bulk. oblique: diagonal, lateral line (7810). saddle: broad "V” patch on middle of body (4522). stripe: broad, longitudinal line (8942). transverse band: broad line going from side to side over dor¬ sum of body. 96 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Ackery, F. 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Opsiphanes ta- marindi and Opsiphanes cassina in Costa Rica and El Salva¬ dor. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna 10:19-56. 106 HOST-PLANT INDEX Abies balsamea (L.) Mill . . 6863, 6908, 7048, 7489, 7637, 8304, 8351, 8939, 8940, 8942, 9177, 9917, 10005, 10008, 10968, 11008 Acer saccharum Marsh . 7919, 7994 Acer rub rum L. . . .6818, 7715, 7953, 7995, 8727, 9184, 9200 Achillea millefolium L . 10304, 10406, 10532, 10578, 10587, 10659, 10992, 11012 Alnus incana (L.) Moench . 4176, 6251, 6796, 6807, 6822, 6836, 8214, 8308, 8316, 8923, 8970, 9184, 9203, 9545, 9547, 9549, 9917, 9922, 10275, 10291, 10295, 10298, 10301, 10487, 10495, 10518, 10992, 11001 Amelanchier arborea (Michx. f.) Fern . . 7915,9887,9917,9935 Anaphalis margaritacea (L. ) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Clarke . . . 4434 Andromeda polifolia L . 6898 Antennaria neglecta Greene . 1 1062 Apocynum androsaemifolium L . 8157, 8158, 8162, 8230, 9259, 9639, 10303, 11012, 11064 Aquilegia vulgaris L . 11064 Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell . 7159 Asclepias syriaca L . 4614,8157 Aster tradescantii L . 4491, 9065 Aster umbellatus Mill . . 4491, 8896, 10197, 10202, 10295, 10301, 10304 Betula alleghanensis Britt . 6251, 8308 Betula papyrifera Marsh . . 6251, 6252, 6256, 6639, 6818, 6822, 6836, 6964, 7048, 7293, 8294, 8555, 8923, 8970, 9184, 9185, 9189, 9212, 9226, 9241, 9887, 9917, 10275, 10276, 10295, 10298, 10303, 10518, 10521, 10992, 10994, 11001, 11008, 11009 Betula populifolia Marsh . 9419, 10288 Carex sp . 10436 Chamaedaphne calvculata (L.) Moench . . . 6898, 8946, 9928, 10295, 10970, 10988 Cirsium sp . 10587 Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult . 8727 Cornus alternifolia L . 6240 Cornus sericea L . 9419 Corylus americana Walt . 8308, 8316 Corylus cornuta Marsh . 8351, 8698, 8970, 9249 Crataegus sp . 8858 dead leaves . 8349,8351 Eupatorium maculatum L . 8166 Fagus grandifolia Ehrh . 7915, 7958, 8011 Fragaria virginiana Mill . . 8946, 10944, 11008, 11009, 11064 Fraxinus americana L . 7809, 10021 Fungus . 9556 Glyceria canadensis (Michx.) Trin . . 9367, 9382, 10447, 10446.1, 10950 Glyceria maxima (Hartman) Holmb . . 8950, 8952, 9360, 10436, 10438, 10447, 10950, 10951 Hieracium aurantiaeum L . 10197 Hypericum perforatum L . 9582, 11012 Hypericum canadense L . 9582 Hypericum mutilum L . 9582 Hypericum virginicum (L.)Raf . 9582 Hypogimnium . 8098 Kalmia polifolia Wang . 9980, 10057 Larix laricina . . 6898, 7673, 9917, 10294, 10295, 10999, 11001 Ledum groenlandicum Oeder . 10295 Malus pumila Mill . 6588, 7994, 9235 Monotropa uniflora L . 8349, 10942 Myrica gale L . 6898,7293,7810, 8316, 8923, 9261, 9272, 9987, 10295, 10521, 10970, 10988 Nuphar luteum (L.) Sibth & Sm . 9523 Oenothera biennis L . 11164 Osmunda cinnamomea L . 9545 Panicum sp . 4568.1 Phleum pratense L . 8950, 10903 Picea glauca (Moench) Voss . 8939 Pinus strobus L . . 6867, 7673, 7817, 8304, 8703, 9183, 10007, 10968 Plantago major L . . .8166, 8908, 8911, 10406, 10587, 10942 Pontederia cordata L . 11064 Populus tremuloides Michx . 6799, 6819, 6743, 7641, 7828, 7895, 7922, 7924, 7926, 7931, 7934, 7937, 7940, 7941, 8166, 8316, 9193, 9259, 9260, 9884, 9917, 10495, 10513 Protococcus viridis Agardh . 8043, 8098 Prunus nigra Ait . 9226 Prunus serotina Ehrh . 7292, 8689, 9935, 10930, 10992 Prunus virginiana L . . 4176, 6743, 6966, 7687, 7698, 7701, 7825, 7936, 7940, 8007, 8293, 8923, 9229, 9873, 9902, 9915, 9917, 9936, 10303, 10992, 10994, 11012 Pteridium aquilinum (L. ) Kuhn . . 8166, 9545, 9631, 9633, 10295, 10992, 11008 Quercus rubra L . 9259 Rubus idaeus L . 6235, 6237, 7329, 6743, 8203, 8897, 10295, 10303, 10487, 10942, 10943, 10944, 10994, 11008 Rubus odoratus L . 9917 Rumex patientia L . 9053, 11012 Sagittaria latifolia Willd . 11012 Salix bebbiana Serg . . . 3945, 4522, 6796, 7474, 7757, 7821, 7822, 7901, 7937, 7939, 8308, 8555, 8697, 8923, 9203, 9259, 9878, 9891, 9917, 10295, 10301, 10304, 10947, 11008 Salix humilis Marsh . 9930 Salix petiolaris Sm . 6836, 7922, 7939, 8007, 8555, 8697, 9212, 9930, 10275, 10298, 10521, 10994, 11001 Salix rigida Muhl . 7941, 8803, 8923, 10295, 10301 Sambucus canadensis L . 6963,9520,9917, 10303, 10944, 10992, 11001, 11009, 11012 Sarrecenia purpurea L . 9022 Smut . 9556 Solidago sp . 8896, 9065, 10295, 10587 Spiraea latifolia (Ait.) Borkh . 6822, 7810, 8157, 8308, 9259, 9286, 9547, 9873, 9874, 9878, 9917, 10123, 10303, 10490, 10929, 10930, 10943, 10947, 11004, 11012 Taraxacum officinale Weber x Wiggins. . .8162, 8166, 8908, 8911, 8912, 8924, 9546, 10587, 10903, 10919, 10942, 10994 Thalictrum pubescens Pursh . . . .8536, 8905, 10292, 10299 Thelypteris noveboracensis (L.) Nieuwl . 9545, 9631 Thuja occidentalis L . 8351 107 Tilia americana L . 7930 Trifolium repens L . 10406 Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr . 7673 Ulmus americana L . . 4421, 7786, 7929, 8294, 9235, 9236, 9257 Urtica dioica L . 4420, 4437, 8881, 8911 Ustilaginales . 9556 Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx .... 6321, 6639, 8162, 8904, 8927, 8946, 9546, 9578, 9578.1, 9259, 10057, 10280, 10301, 10303, 10970, 10993, 10994, 10997, 10999, 11008 Verbascum thapsus L . 10295 Viburnum cassinoides L . . 6255, 6743, 7853, 7886, 8006, 9281, 9547 Vicia cracca L . 11001, 10903 108 LEPIDOPTERAN SPECIES INDEX Abrostola urentis . 8881 acadiensis . 11012 Achatia distincta . 10518 Achatodes zeae . 9520 Acronicta americana . 9200 Acronicta auricoma . 9260 Acronicta dactylina . 9203 Acronicta fragilis . 9241 Acronicta grisea . 9212 Acronicta hasta . 9229 Acronicta impleta . 9257 Acronicta impressa . 9261 Acronicta increta . 9249 Acronicta morula . 9236 Acronicta noctivaga . 9259 Acronicta oblinita . 9272 Acronicta spinigera . 9235 Acronicta superans . 9226 acronyctoides . 9177 adela . 10942 adjuncta . 10292 aeroides . 8896 Aglais milberti . 4433 Agriopodes fallax . 9281 Apamea dubitans . 9367 Agrotis ipsilon . 10663 Agrotis volubilis . 10659 albata . 8098 albosigma . 7895 Aletia oxygala . 10436 alias . 8939 amanda . 9891 americana, Phyllodesma . 7687 americana, Acronicta . 9200 americanum, Malacosoma . 7701 Amphipyra tragopoginis . 9639 ampla . 8923 amyntor . 7786 Anagoga occiduaria . 6836 Anagrapha falcifera . 8924 Anaplectoides pressus . 11001 angustiorata . 6867 anthedon . 4568.1 Antheraea polyphemus . 7757 Anticlea vasiliata . 7329 antiqua . 8308 Apamea devastator . 9382 Apamea impulsa . 9360 Apharetra dentata . 10057 apicalis . 7901 Aplectoides condita . 10999 arcadia . 9980 Archiearis infans . 6256 Arctia caja . 8166 arcuata . 6251 arthemis . 4522 assimilans . 8158 assimilis . 10295 astricta . 10930 atalanta . attentus . auricoma . Autographa ampla . . . . Autographa bimaculata Autographa mappa Autographa precationis badia . badicollis . Baileya ophthalmica. . . baileyi . balluca . Basilarchia arthemis . . basitriens . Bellura gortynoides . . . benesimilis . bethunei . bicar nea . bicolor . bidentata . bilineata . bimaculata . bistriaris . biundata . bombycoides . borealis . cachexiata . caja . Callopistria cordata . . . Callopistria mollissima Calyptra canadensis . . . Campaea perlata . canadensis . caniplaga . Caripeta angustiorata . Caripeta divisata . carneola . Catocala coelebs . Catocala crataegi . Catocala relicta . catenaria . Cerastis tenebrifera . . . Ceratomia amyntor. . . . cerisyi . Charadra deridens Charidryas harrisii . . . . Chrysanympha formosa Chytonix palliatricula . cinerea . Cingilia catenaria . citrombra . Cladara limitaria . clandestina . clemataria . Clemensia albata . Clostera albosigma Clostera apicalis . Clostera inclusa . coelebs . .4437 11009 .9260 .8923 .8911 .8912 .8908 .8006 10967 .8970 .9902 .8897 .4522 .7919 .9523 .9545 .9887 10950 .8043 .7929 .6252 .8911 .8727 .7995 .7817 .7936 .6964 .8166 .9633 .9631 .8536 .6796 .8536 .7930 .6867 .6863 .9053 .8776 .8858 .8803 .6898 10994 .7786 .7822 .9189 .4491 .8904 .9556 .7937 .6898 .9930 .7637 10926 .6966 .8098 .7895 .7901 .7896 .8776 109 Colocasia flavicornis . Colocasia propinquilinea . . . comma . commoides . comstock i . condita . confusa . contexta . convexipennis . Copivaleria grotei . cordata . crataegi . crocallata . cruralis . Cryptocala acadiensis . Cucullia convexipennis . Cucullia florea . curvimacula . Cycnia tenera . cymatophoroides . cynica . dactylina . Danaus plexippus . Darapsa pholus . Dasychira dorsipennata .... Dasychira plagiata . Dasychira vagans . Dasylophia thyatiroides .... dentata . deridens . detersata . detracta . devastator . Diachrysia aeroides . Diachrysia balluca . Diarsia jucunda . dipteroides . discospilata . disstria . distincta . divisata . dolosa . dorsipennata . Drepana arcuata . Drepana bilineata . Dryocampa rubicunda . duaria . dubitans . ducta . duplicata . Egira dolosa . Eilema bicolor . elegans . Ellida caniplaga . Enodia anthedon . Eosphoropteryx thyatyroides Epelis truncataria . epigaea . Epirranthis substriataria. . . Erynnis icelus . Euagrotis illapsa . Eueretagrotis attentus . . .9184 . .9185 . .4421 .10447 .10008 .10999 .10521 . .8952 .10202 .10021 . .9633 . .8858 . .6963 . .8351 .11012 .10202 .10197 . .9874 . .8230 . .6237 .10587 . .9203 . .4614 . .7886 . .8293 . .8304 . .8294 . .7958 .10057 . .9189 . .6807 .10288 . .9382 . .8896 . .8897 .10903 . .9065 . .6639 . .7698 .10518 . .6863 .10513 . .8293 . .6251 . .6252 . .7715 . .6822 . .9367 . .9987 . .8703 .10513 . .8043 . .7924 . .7930 .4568.1 . .8905 . .6321 . .8927 . .6799 . .3945 .10903 .11009 Eueretagrotis perattentus . 11008 Eufidonia discospilata . 6639 Eugraphe subrosea . 10988 Eupithecia luteata . 7489 Eupithecia miserulata . 7474 Euplexia benesimilis . 9545 Eupsilia morrisoni . 9936 Eupsilia tristigmata . 9935 Eurois astricta . 10930 Eurois occulta . 10929 Euthyatira pudens . 6240 Eutrapela clemataria . 6966 Eutricopis nexilis . 11062 exprimens . 11064 Exyra rolandiana . 9022 fagina . 9917 falcifera . 8924 fallax . 9281 Feralia comstocki . 10008 Feralia jocosa . 10005 Feralia major . 10007 Fishii . 10997 flavicornis . 9184 florea . 10197 florida . 11164 formosa . 8904 fragilis . 9241 frater . 9193 Furcula borealis . 7936 Furcula cinerea . 7937 Furcula occidentalis . 7939 Furcula modesta . 7941 Furcula scolopendrina . 7940 furfurata . 10532 gibbosa . 7915 glaucus . 4176 Gluphisia lintneri . 7934 Gluphisia septentrionis . 7931 gordius . 7810 gortynoides . 9523 grisea . 9212 grotei, Copivaleria . 10021 grotei, Lithophane . 9915 guttivitta . 7994 Habrosyne scripta . 6235 Halysidota tessellaris . 8203 harrisii . 4491 Harrisimemna trisignata . 9286 hasta . 9229 hastata . 7293 Hemaris thysbe . 7853 Hemipachnobia monochromatea . 10993 Heterocampa biundata . 7995 Heterocampa guttivitta . 7994 hibisci . 10495 Homorthodes furfurata . 10532 Hydria prunivorata . 7292 Hyppa xylinoides . 9578 Hyppa xylinoides, segregate 1 . 9578.1 icelus . 3945 illapsa . 10903 imbrifera . 10276 110 impleta . 9257 impressa . 9261 impulsa . 9360 inatomaria . 6819 inclusa . 7896 increta . 9249 infans . 6256 interrogationis . 4420 ipsilon . 10663 Iridopsis larvaria . 6588 iris . 9546 jamaicensis . 7821 jocosa . 10005 jucunda . 10919 kalmiae . 7809 kentaria . 6818 Lacanobia radix . 10298 Lacanobia subjuncta . 10299 Lacinipolia olivacea . 10406 Lapara bombycoides . 7817 lapidaria . 10446. 1 laricis . 7673 larvaria . 6588 latex . 10291 legit ima . 10304 leptinoides . 8011 Leucania commoides . 10447 Leucania lapidaria . 10446.1 leucitys . 7953 Leuconycta dipbteroides . 9065 leucostigma . 8316 libatrix . 8555 limboundata . 7159 limitaria . 7637 lineata . 8157 lintneri . 7934 Litholomia napaea . 9884 Lithomoia solidaginis . 9878 Lithophane amanda . 9891 Lithophane baileyi . 9902 Lithophane bethunei . 9887 Lithophnae fagina . 9917 Lithophane grotei . 9915 Lithophane pexata . 9922 Lithophane thaxteri . 9928 littoral is . 10992 Lobophora montanata . 7641 Lophocampa niaculata . 8214 lunata . 8689 luteata . 7489 lutra . 10301 mactata . 9419 maculata . 8214 major . 10007 Malacosoma americanum . 7701 Malacosoma disstria . 7698 mappa . 8912 Melanchra adjuncta . 10292 Melanchra assimilis . 10295 Melanchra pulverulenta . 10294 Metalepsis fishii . 10997 Metanema inatomaria . 6819 Metarrant his duaria . 6822 microgamma . 8946 milberti . 4433 mimosaria . 7048 minerea . 8697 miserulata . 7474 Mniotype ducta . 9987 modesta, Furcula . 7941 modesta, Pachysphinx . 7828 mollissima . 9631 monochromatea . 10993 montanata . 7641 morrisoni . 9936 Morrisonia confusa . 10521 Morrisonia latex . 10291 morula . 9236 myops . 7825 Nadata gibbosa . 7915 napaea . 9884 Nedra ramosula . 9582 Nemoria mimosaria . 7048 Nepytia semiclusaria . 6908 Nerice bidentata . 7929 nexilis . 11062 nimbosa . 10275 noctivaga . 9259 normanianus . 1 0943 Notodonta scitipennis . 7926 nupera . 9873 oblata . 10947 oblinita . 9272 occidentalis . 7939 occiduaria . 6836 occulta . 10929 Odontosia elegans . 7924 Oligia mactata . 9419 olivacea . 10406 Oncocnemis piffardi . 10123 ophthalmica . 8970 Oreta rosea . 6255 Orgyia antiqua . 8308 Orgyia leucostigma . 8316 Orthodes cynica . 10587 Orthosia bibisci . 10495 Orthosia revicta . 10490 Orthosia rubescens . 10487 oxygala . 10436 Pachysphinx modesta . 7828 pallescens . 9183 palliatricula . 9556 Panthea acronyctoides . 9177 Panthea pallescens . 9183 Paonias myops . 7825 Papilio glaucus . 4176 Paradiarsia littoralis . 10992 Parallelia bistriaris . 8727 parthenos . 8162 perattentus . 11008 periculosa . 9547 Per idea basitriens . 7919 perlata . 6796 pexata . 9922 phaeocapna . 8698 Pheosia rimosa . 7922 Phlogophora iris . 9546 Phlogophora periculosa . 9547 pholus . 7886 Phragmatobia assimilans . 8158 Phragmatobia lineata . 8157 Phyllodesma americana . 7687 piffardi . 10123 plagiata . 8304 Platarctia parthenos . 8162 plexippus . 4614 Plusia contexta . 8952 Plusia putnami . 8950 Polia detracta . 10288 Polia imbrifera . 10276 Polia nimbosa . 10275 Polia purpurissata . 10280 Polygonia comma . 4421 Polygonia interrogationis . 4420 polyphemus . 7757 Polypogon cruralis . 8351 Polypogon protumnusalis . 8349 precationis . 8908 pressus . 11001 propinquilinea . 9185 Protolampra rufipectus . 11004 protumnusalis . 8349 prunivorata . 7292 Pseudaletia unipuncta . 10438 Pseudeustrotia carneola . 9053 Pseudorthodes vecors . 10578 Pseudothyatira cymatophoroides . 6237 pudens . 6240 pulverulenta . 10294 purpurissata . 10280 putnami . 8950 Pyreferra citrombra . 9930 Pyrrhia exprimens . 11064 radix . 10298 ramosula . 9582 rectangula . 8942 relicta . 8803 revicta . 10490 Raphia frater . 9193 Rheumaptera hastata . 7293 rimosa . 7922 rolandiana . 9022 rosea . 6255 rubescens . 10487 rubicunda . 7715 rufipectus . 11004 Sabulodes cachexiata . 6964 Schinia florida . 11164 Schizura badia . 8006 Schizura leptinoides . 8011 Schizura unicornis . 8007 scitipennis . 7926 Scoliopteryx libatrix . 8555 scolopendrina . 7940 Scopula limboundata . 7159 scripta . 6235 Selenia kentaria . 6818 semiclusaria . 6908 septentrionis . 7931 Smerinthus cerisyi . 7822 Smerinthus jamaicensis . 7821 smithii . 10944 solidaginis . 9878 sospeta . 6740 Spaelotis clandestina . 10926 Sphinx gordius . 7810 Sphinx kalmiae . 7809 spinigera . 9235 Spiramater lutra . 10301 subjuncta . 10299 subrosea . 10988 substriataria . 6799 superans . 9226 Symmerista leucitys . 7953 Syngrapha alias . 8939 Syngrapha epigaea . 8927 Syngrapha microgamma . 8946 Syngrapha rectangula . 8942 tacoma . 10303 Tacparia detersata . 6807 tenebrifera . 10994 tenera . 8230 tenuicula . 10951 tessellaris . 8203 Tetracis crocallata . 6963 thaxteri . 9928 thyatiroides . 7958 thysbe . 7853 Tolype laricis . 7673 tragopoginis . 9639 Trichordestra legitima . 10304 Trichordestra tacoma . 10303 trisignata . 9286 tristigmata . 9935 truncataria . 6321 unicornis . 8007 unipuncta . 10438 urentis . 8881 vagans . 8294 Vanessa virginiensis . 4434 Vanessa atalanta . 4437 vasiliata . 7329 vecors . 10578 volubilis . 10659 virginiensis . 4434 Xanthotype sospeta . 6740 Xestia adela . 10942 Xestia badicollis . 10967 Xestia bicarnea . 10950 Xestia normanianus . 10943 Xestia oblata . 10947 Xestia smithii . 10944 Xestia tenuicula . 10951 Xestia youngii . 10970 Xylena curvimacula . 9874 Xylena nupera . 9873 xylinoides . 9578 112 NOTES 113 NOTES 114 90-6793