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THE AUSTRAL AVIAN
~ RECORD.

A SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL DEVOTED PRIMARILY
TO THE STUDY OF THE AUSTRALIAN AVIFAUNA.

VOLUME IV.
May 1920—March 1922.

ISSUED IN CONNEXION WITH THE
AUSTRAL AVIAN MusEum, Fare Oax, Hants, ENGLAND.

EDITED BY
GREGORY M. MATHEWS.

LONDON :
H. F. & G. WITHERBY
326 HiagH HoLBporn.

AI

NI
J

CONTENTS.

Dates of Ornithological Works ..

Avian Taxonomy

A Name-List of the Birds of New Zealand

A Name-List of the Birds of Australia

A Name-List of the Birds of Australia (concluded)
Forgotten Bird-Artists and an Old-Time Ornithologist
Snipe and Sandpipers : A Re-arrangement

Sherborn and the Systematist ..

Sherborn and the Systematist (concluded)

Additions and Corrections to ny List of the Birds of Australia,
1913, and Check List, Part I., 1920

Notes of Interest :—Lichtenstein’s Sale Catalogues, Berthold’s
Edition of Latreille. Encyclopedia londinensis, T'urdus
varius, Miller’s Illustrations, Blyth’s Catalogue, Fort
Pitt, Chatham, Bird Collection, Haldemann’s Zoological
Contributions, Anthus grayi Bp., Hirundolanius,
Cranellus, Reichenbach Again, Boddaert’s Hidden
Names, British Bird Names, Another Overlooked Bird
List

Amoropelia gen. nov.

Additions and Corrections to my Check List, 1920

An Extraordinary Bird Book

Captain Thomas Brown, Ornithologist

139

AUSTRAL AVIAN
RECORD

A SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL DEVOTED PRIMARILY
TO THE STUDY OF THE AUSTRALIAN AVIFAUNA —

VOL. IV. No. 1.

ee
mamlesta

JUN 22 1920

= es
aa] Muse

ISSUED IN CONNEXION WITH THE
AustRAL AviAN Musrum, Farr Oak, Hants, ENGLAND

EDITOR
GREGORY M. MATHEWS

——

SUBSCRIPTION PER VoLUME 12/- Net.

WITHERBY & CO., 326 Hien Hoxtsorn, Lonvon, W.C. l.
May 27th, 1920.

ate
Mur
i
12

of
cae Be
SzKt yee
a

THE AUSTRAL AVIAN
RECORD.

Vol. IV., No. 1. May 277TH, 1920.

CONTENTS.
PAGE

Dates oF ORNITHOLOGICAL WoRKS ... See hae a 1

Sanwanian Instity;>

JUN 22 1920

Ay.

DATES OF ORNITHOLOGICAL WORKS. \
By Gregory M. Maturws.

As Appendix B. in Part V. of Volume VII. of my Birds of
Australia, which was published on July 10, 1919, I included
the results of an attempt to provide exact dates for Ornitho-
logical Works quoted in that work. This was a novel effort,
and of course contains many imperfections, but my reviewers
have kindly suggested that it was important enough to be
reprinted in a more accessible place, and indicated the present
vehicle. I have great pleasure in acceding to these desires
and am thankful for the appreciation, and have also taken
the opportunity of revising some items and adding additional
information, so that this list is more complete and accurate
than the preceding one ; but I have condensed it so that it
gives references to the details, not all the details themselves.
It must also be remembered that I only deal with the books
referred to in connection with the Australian Avitauna.

f

ANNALS AND MaGazINE oF Natural History. The first
Magazine of Natural History was edited by Loudon, the first
part being published on May Ist, 1828, and appeared every
two months. Nine volumes were completed, each volume
containing six parts, when Charlesworth continued it as-editor,
but only four volumes had appeared before it succumbed to

2 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

the opposition of the Magazine of Zoology and Botany, which
was brought out under the direction of Jardine and Selby, and
of which two volumes were published, each containing six
numbers, which had come out every two months from June
1836 to February 1838, two numbers appearing together in
August 1837. Then on March Ist, 1838, appeared the Annals
of Natural History, a monthly journal under Jardine’s editor-
ship, and soon entitled the Annals and Magazine of Natural
History is continued to this day, six months constituting a
volume, and twenty volumes (7.e., ten years) form a series.

ANNALES Paris Museum. Sherborn has collated this and
the Mémoires in the Annals Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 8, Vol. XIII,
p. 365, March 1914.

ANNALES Scr. Nat. Paris. Dates as given have been
. accepted, but a collation seems necessary, as citations in the
— text sometimes contradict the ostensible dates of publication.

Auk. The quarterly Journal of the American Ornithologists’
Union, which has appeared regularly January, April, July
and October ; first so called in 1883, succeeding the Bulletin
of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, founded in 1875.

_ AustraL Avian Recorp. Issued irregularly and dates

given in the Birds Austr., Vol. VII., pt. 5, p. 444, July 10,
TIS:

Austr. Mus. Catanoagurs. Catalogue No. 4, pt. L.,
Accipitres, by E. P. Ramsay, 1876; pt. 11, Striges, by Ramsay,
1890; pt. 111, Psittaci, by Ramsay, 1891; and pt. Iv., Picarie,
by Ramsay, 1894. A second edition, edited and corrected by
A. J. North, of parts 1. and 1. was issued in 1898. Catalogue
No. 12 of Nests and Eggs of Birds Breeding in Australia,
prepared by North, has title page 1889, but was not published
until late in 1890, being acknowledged in the Ibis, January
1891, and refers in text to May 25, 1890.

Bartram. Travels in Carolina, 1791. German translation,
with additions by Zimmermann in 1793. See Auk, XXXL,
pp. 86-91, January 1914.

BECHSTEIN. Ornith. Taschenb,. Vol. I., 1802 (pref. July
1ith); Vol. II., 1803; Vol. III. by Leisler, 1812 (pref. June
1811),

¥

No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 3

BiLLBERG. Synops. Faune Scand., 1828. See Austral
Av. Rec., Vol. II., pp. 33-48, 1913.

Biroxuam. Voy. ‘ Blonde’ Sandwich Islands, “ 1826.” pub-
lished February 20, 1827. Refer Literary Gazette, p. 112,
February 17th, 1827, and February 24th, p. 125, 1827.

Buytu. Cat. Birds Mus. Asiatic Society. Title page dated
1849, but was not published until after June 20, 1852, the date
of preface. Author of series of articles in the Journal As.
Soc., Bengal, which must be referred to in connection with
Falconiform birds, and he also named genera and species of
Australian birds in same Journal.

BoppagErtT. Tabl. des Planch. Enlum. The preface is
dated December 1, 1783. See Austral Av. Rec., Vol. IIL,
pp. 31-51, 1915.

Bore. Two important articles in the Isis (Oken), the first .
in Heft 5, presumably for May 1822, the other in Heft 10,
presumably for October 1826.

Bonaparte. Papers on North American Birds in the
Annals Lyceum Nat. Hist., New York, 1828. Series of papers
popularly known by indefinite abbreviations and pages quoted
from reprints ; also papers published in the Comptes Rendus
Acad. Sci. Paris, were reprinted with additions, and these have
also been cited.

Saggio = Saggio distrib. Metod. Anim. verteb., published in
parts in the Giornale Arcadico di Scienze Roma. I have not
exact dates of publication, but Vol. LIL, p. 208, though
usually quoted 1831, was not published until well on in the
year 1832.

Icongr. Fauna Italica. Issued in fascicules, so that date on
title of completed work is misleading.

Comp. List Birds Europe and America. Advertised in the
Atheneum and in Lit. Gazette for April 14th, 1838, but
reviewed in Charlesworth’s Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. I., for April
1838, No. 16, p. 237, where it is written: “We are much
sratified at the appearing of this volume,” having drawn atten-
tion to its preparation two months earlier, No. 14, p. 109, so
apparently January given by me previously is incorrect.

Consp. Gen. Av. Pt. 1., probably pp. 1-272, received before

4 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD _ [Vol. IV.

June 24, 1850, by the Paris Academy. Pt. m1. acknowledged
same place February 3, 1851. These constitute Vol. I.
Vol. II. was issued in parts, due to illness of author, which
culminated in his death, and last part was issued afterward.
Thus pp. 1-159 were issued in 1855 after April 15, pp. 161-184
some time in 1856, and pp. 185 to end after October 1, 1857.

0.8.0. This indicates the Consp. Syst. Ornith. published
in the Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris, Ser. 4, Vol. I., Nos. 2 and 3,
pp. 105-152, received at the Paris Academy, May 15 and
June 26, 1854.

- €VZ Consp. Volo Aygod., published im’ the Ateneo
Italiano, Vol. 2, No. 8, May (15), 1854, pp. 116-129; received
Paris before June 5, 1854.

C.V.A. Consp. Vol. Aniso., published ibid No. 11, August
(15), 1854, pp. 311-321: received Paris before August 28, 1854.
No. 12, September (15), 1854, pp. 377-382.

BonNATERRE. See Hncy. Meth.

Branpt. Descr. Icon. Anim. Russ. Nov. Aves., fase. L.,
1836. All published; refer to Finsch, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen,
Vol. ILL, pp. 19-21. See under Tchihatcheff.

Breum. Beitr. Vogelkunde. Vol. I., 1820, preface July 1820 :
Vol. II., 1822, pref. November 14, 1821; Vol. III., 1822,
pref. May 1822.

Lehrb. Naturg. 1823, preface July 1823.

Vogel Deutschl. 1831, preface July 1831.

Vogelfang. 1855, preface November 8, 1854.

Brisson. Ornithologia. 6 volumes at one date, 1760.

Brown, Capt. Tuomas. Illustr. Genera Birds, published
in monthly parts, each 4 plates, Ist part April 1, 1845, and
ninth part December 1845, with 8 pages text, and in October
number an additional plain plate. Was never completed.
See Miscellany Nat. Hist.

Brunnicu. Orn. Boreal. Preface dated February 20,
1764.

Butxier. Hssay New Zealand Orn. Pref. dated February 1,
1865.

The Essay on New Zealand Ornithology was reprinted in
the Trans. New Zealand Inst., Vol. I., 1869, which was. itself

Nor IE} THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 5

' “later reprinted. In the first edition the Essay is separately
paged : in the reprint the Essay is paged consecutively with
the Transactions.

Hist. New Zeal. Birds, in 5 parts: pt. 1, March 1872;
pt. u., June 1872; pts. 111. & Iv,, December 1872 ; and pt. v.,
April 1873.

2nd Edition in 13 parts: pt. 1., July 1887; pt. 1., October
1887; pt. 11., January 1888; pts. Iv., v. & vi., March 1888 ;
pt. vi., May 1888; pts. vor. & 1x., August 1888; pts. x. & XL.,
November 1888 ; and pts. xu. & x1m., December 1888.

Supplement. Vol. L before August 5, 1905; Vol. tI. before
July 1906. These dates need revision.

BULLETIN Brit. Orn. Cius. Published with a_ short
account of the meetings of the Brit. Orn. Club held monthly
during the months from October to June inclusive, and each
Bulletin bears the date of issue, but in some cases this is not
exactly correct.

BULLETIN Scr. Nat. (FERussAc). This Bulletin was devoted
to reviews of current literature, but original articles were also
accepted. Exact dates have not yet been secured, those
given on the parts being accepted. It is a very valuable
record by which publication of other scientific works may be
traced, contents of parts of serial works being detailed.

CABANIS. Mus. Heineanum. Vol. I., 1851, after October
23; Vol. II., 1860, after January 20; Vol. III., 1860, after
November |; Vol. IV., 1864, after December 30, 1863. All
after Vol. I. are by Cabanis and Heine.

CAMPBELL. Nests and Eggs Austr. Birds, published in
2 vols. in 1901, acknowledged in Melbourne Vict. Nat., Vol.
XVIL., p. 206, April 4, 1901.

CATALOGUE OF THE Brrps IN THE British Musrum. In
the Birds Austr., Vol. VII, p. 448, 1919, I gave details of
volumes and dates of preface which were intended as dates
of publication, but Richmond has suggested that these are
not correct. I have so far been unable to get definite dates,
but will furnish them at the first opportunity.

Comptes Renpus. Reports of the meetings of the Aca-
demy of Sciences of Paris, which were published weekly, and

6 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Bonaparte contributed many most important papers to
the Academy.

CoquitLE. In the Austral Av. Rec., Vol. Il., pts. 2-3,
October 23, 1913, I gave details of publication of plates and
text, based on the work done by Sherborn and Woodward
in the Annals Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. VII., Vol. 7, p. 391, 1901.

Covges. Probably the most brilliant all-round ornithologist
that has yet lived. Better known in connection with American
works, such as his Key and Check List of North American
birds, but must be noted here in connection with his Mono-
graphs, which appeared in the Proceedings Academy Natural
Sciences Philadelphia.

A Monograph of the Tringeze of North America; 1861,
pp. 170-205, sign. July-August.

A Review of the Terns of North America; 1862,
pp. 535-559, sign. December.

A Critical Review of the Family Procellariide :
Part 1, 1864, pp. 72-91, — sign. March-April.
Part 1., 1864, pp. 116-141, sign. April.
Part 111., 1866, pp. 25-33, — sign. March.
Part Iv., 1866, pp. 134-172, sign. May.
Part v., 1866, pp. 172-197, sign. May.

As an Appendix to an essay on the Birds of the Colorado
Valley Coues published a Bibliography of American Ornithology
(U.S. Geol. Surv. Territ. Misc. Publ., No. 11, pp. 568-784,
after October 31), 1878, following with a second and third
instalment, Bulletin No. 2 (September 6), 1879, and Bulletin
No. 4 (September 30), 1880. A fourth instalment (on British
Birds) occurs in Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. II., 1880, pp. 359-
482.

Cuvier. Tabl. Elém. 1798. In Journ. Typogr., December
24, 1797.

Lecons d’ Anat. Comp., Vols. I. and II. ibid. April 19, 1800.

Le Régne Animal, titles 1817, 4 Vols. B.F., December 7, 1816.
2nd Edition, B.F., Vols. I., I., [V., and V., April 11, 1829; Vol.
TIT., March 27, 1830. See Griffith and Pidgeon.

Davupin. Traitéd’Orn., Vol. 1., January 1800. Vol. I., May
14, 1800. See Richmond, Auk, October 1899, p. 325 note,

No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 7

The XIVth Volume of the Didot ed. Hist. Nat. (Buffon), in
which Daudin gave specific names, was published in October
1802. See Sherborn, Natural Science, December 1899, p. 406.

Dict. Scr. Nav. (Levrault). Details of publication in the
Austral Av. Rec,, Vol. III., pt. 1., June 30, 1915.

DIEFFENBACH. Travels in New Zealand. Pret. November,
1842. Published middle of January 1843.

Dieeirs. Ornith. Australia. See Austral Av. Rec., Vol. I.,
pp., 68-72, 1912, Vol. II., pp. 137-153, 1915, and Vol. III., pp.
98-108, 1917, where full details of all this writer’s work and
sketch of his life appear.

DressEeR. Author of Birds of Europe, Monograph of Bee
Eaters, and Monograph of the Rollers.

DumeEriIt. Zool. Anal., title 1806, but reviewed in detail in
Journ. Typogr. for December 6, 1805. Translation by Froriep,
1806, preface dated September 17, 1806.

Dumont. Author of Articles in the Dict. Sci. Nat.
(Levrault).

Exxuiot. Monograph of Pittide. Pref. November 1862,
published as one item in 1863. Copy in Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist.
has a title page dated 1867! Second edition was issued in five
parts, 1893-1895. Pt. 1, April 1893; pt. 2, December 1893 ;
pt. 3, February 1894; pt. 4, September 1894; pt. 5, January
1895. Author of other important works which do not concern
Australian ornithologists.

Emu. A quarterly publication, the organ of the Royal
Australasian Ornithologists’ Union, Vols., including July,
October and January April, numbers. Bulletins apparently
have no scientific standing. See Emu, Vol. XV., p. 163,
1916,

Enoy. Métu. See Sherborn and Woodward, Annals Mag.
Nat. Hist., Vol. XVII., Ser. 7, p. 577, 1906, where full details
are given.

Erebus & TERROR. See Gray.

Eyton. Hist. Rarer Brit. Birds, 1836,in 3 parts. Pt.1, Jan.
1836; pt. 2 (February) 1836; pt. 3 (March) 1836. Reviewed
in May 1836.

Monograph Anatide, published in June 1838.

8 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Fremine. Philos Zool., published in June 1822.

History Brit. Animals, published in March 1828.

Finscu. New Guinea, 1865 (pref. August 1864).

Die Papageien, Vol. I., 1867; reviewed August: Vol. IT. in
2 parts. Pref. August 8, 1868.

Forster, G. Voyage Round the World, 1777, preface March 1.

Forster, J. R. Monograph on Penguins appeared in the
Comment. Gottingen, the preface dated “ Kal. Mai, 1781.”

Indische Zool., 1781: preface October 12, 1781.

Enchiridion, 1788: noticed Gotting. Anzeiger, March 27,
1788, p. 489.

Descr. Anim., posthumously edited by Lichtenstein and
published in 1844, the preface being dated January. Some
of the species had been previously published by Wagler, from
Forster’s MSS., in his Syst. Av., 1827, and Isis, 1829.

Forster, T. Synopt. Cat. Brit. Birds, published December
INSSIE 7

Frortrep, edited a Journal entitled “‘ Notizen,”’ which is a
work of reference whence dates may sometimes be approxi-
mately gauged: also edited a translation of Duméril’s Zool.
Anal.
Gabow prepared Vols. 8 and 9 of Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.

GALERIE DES O1sEAUX. See Austral Av. Rec., Vol. II.,
pt. 7, January 28, 1915, for details as far as yet known.

GARNOT. See Coquille.

GIsTEL. Naturg. Thierr. Title 1848: preface Easter 1847.
Second edition, title page 1850: no other difference in my
Library.

GiocER. Hand- und Hilfsb., published in seven parts, the
first five, each 80 pages, appearing in 1841: part vi., pp. 401-
480? and Part vi., 477*-496, and pp. I-xxxxIv., including
preface dated October 17, 1841, perhaps early in 1842, as that
date appears on title page. Part VI. must have appeared
in 1841, and VII. in 1842.

GMELIN, J. F. Syst. Nat. See Hopkinson, Proc. Zool. Soc.
(Lond.), 1907, p. 1037. Pt. 1, pp. 1-500, July 25, 1788; pt.
1., pp. 501-1032, April 20, 1789; pt. m1., Nov. 20th, 1789.

GopmMan, F, D. Famous specialist on neotropical birds,

No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 9

who published a Monograph of Petrels, initiated by his col-
league Salvin, the authority on this subject, who died before
beginning it.

Govuutp. Author of many illustrated works on Birds of
Europe, Asia and Aus'ralia, etc.

Synopsis Birds Austr. in 4 pts., Pt. 1., January 1837; pt. 11,

_ April 1837; pts. m7. and tv., April 1838.

buds Ausirrand Adj. Isl Pt: 1, August, 1837 3- pt. 1;
February 1838. All published.

Birds Australia in 36 parts, regularly anied March Ist, June
Ist, September Ist, December ist, the lst part December Ist,
1840, and pts. 33, 34, 35 and 36 all dated December Ist, 1848.
His Introduction was published in octavo form, so that it might
be corrected before appearing in the folio edition, and was
published August Ist 1848. A Supplement was then issued
at long intervals: Pt. 1, dated March 15, 1851; pt. 11,
September I, 1855; pt. m1., September 1, 1859; pt. Iv.,
December 1, 18675; and pt. v., August 1, 1869.

Handbook Birds Australia, 1865. Apparently in 2 Vols.
in December 1865. Richmond has note of Vol. I. advertised
in September 1865, but I have been unable to find any con-
firmation yet. |

Birds of New Guinea issued in parts. Begun by Gould
and completed by Sharpe. Contains figures of previously
unfigured Australian birds as Ailurcedus maculosus, Vol. I.,
pl. 38 (pt. 1.), Dec. Ist, 1875 ; Scenopceus dentirostris, Vol. I.,
pl. 43 (pt. x.), Sept. Ist, 1879; Chlamydodera oinentelis,
Vol. 1., pl. 44 (pt. xz.), Feb. 1st, 1880 : ; Chlamydodera occipitalis,
Vol. I., pl. 45 (pt. x.), Sept. Ist, 1879; Microeca assimilis,
Vol vis pl 10) (pt. xi), “Heb. Ist; 1880; Heteromyias
cimereirons) Vols yl ple stb: ipt. = x), Sept, Ust, 18:79);
Peecilodryas albifacies, Vol. Il., pl. 18 (pt. xu), 1882
(month ?); Rhipidura dryas, Vol. II., pl. 32 (pt. m.), Jan. Ist,
1876" Sericornis minimus, Vel. H1l., pl. 7 (pt. 1.), Dec. Ist,
1875 ; Amytis goyderi, Vol. III., pl. 8 (pt. 1.), Jan. Ist, 1876 ;
Ephthianura crocea, Vol. III., pl. 14 (pt. xxiv.), 1888
(month ?); Cracticus rufescens, Vol. III., pl. 16 (pt. xxum1.),
1887 (month ?); Xerophila pectoralis, Vol. III., pl. 27 (pt. 1),

10 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Dec. Ist, 1875; Sittella albata, Vol. III., pl. 28 (pt. xz.),
Feb. 1st, 1880; Melithreptus letior, Vol. II., pl. 40 (pt. 1.),
Jan. Ist, 1876 ; Glyciphila subfasciata, Vol. IIT., pl. 46 (pt. 11.),
May Ist, 1876; Ptilotis frenata, Vol. HI., pl. 49 (pt. 1).,
Jan. Ist, 1876; Ptilotis flavostriata, Vol. III., pl. 50 (pt. 1),
Jan. Ist, 1876; Collocalia terreregine, Vol. IV., pl. 38
(pt. 1.), Dec. Ist, 1875; Cyclopsitta maccoyi, Vol. V., pl. 7
(pt. 1.), Dec. Ist, 1875; Sternula placens, Vol. V., pl. 72
(pt. u1.), May Ist, 1876; Cacatua gymnopis, Vol. V., pl. 46
(pt. x1tx.), 1885 (month ?).

Gray, G. R. List Genera Birds. Ast ed., April 1840;
2nd ed., September 1841.

Appendix on sale April Ist, 1842.

Genera Birds, see Richmond, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 53,
p- 596, note 1917.

Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds. Although Introd. dated April 6th,
1855, it does not seem to have been published before October
1855, but may have been a little earlier.

Handlist Gen. Sp. Birds. Pt. 1., pref. dated May 10th,
1869; pt. 1., pref. Nov. 9th, 1870; pt.11., pref. July 8th, 1871.

Erebus and Terror. Issued in parts with plates and text ;
in pt. 3, for instance, 8 plates and 4 pages text. Pages I-8
appeared in 1844; p. 9 (apparently in pt. rx.) according to
Newton in June 1845; p. 20, according to Pucheran in
October 1845. .

Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. A number of small books, entitled
Lists of Specimens of Birds in Brit Mus. were issued, and in
view of the case of the Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds the preface
dates must be verified before acceptance as dates of publica-
tion, though it was the rule in this Institution to date the
prefaces for publishing date.

Gray,J.E. Zool. Miscell. Pt.1., pp. 1-40, Nov. 5th, 1831;
pt. 1., pp. 41-48, signature March 1842; pt. IL, pp. 49-56,
April 1842; pt. Iv., pp. 57-72, May 1842; pt. v., pp. 73-80,
June 1842; pt. vi., pp. 81-86, after June 29, 1844. Plates
were prepared and in some cases never issued, but proofs may
be met with as well as additional paged proofs of matter.

GrirFitH, Edited an English translation of Cuvier’s

No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 11

Animal Kingdom, which appeared in parts. The title pages
bear the date 1829, but the plates are dated from November
1827, to January 1830. About nine parts bound in three
volumes, which are listed on January 23rd, 1830. Pt. 14 (1st of
birds) December Ist, 1827; pt. 15, March 31st, 1828; pt. 16,
August 6th, 1828, with 18 plates; pt. 19, May 21st, 1829; pt. 20
with 16 plates, August 15th, 1829; pt. 21, with 21 plates, October
31st, 1829. Further dates and contents of parts still desired.

GunnerRus. See Leem. |

HARTERT has written a couple of papers on Australian Birds,
and many on New Guinea Birds in conjunction with Lord
Rothschild in the Novitates Zoologicze, which see. Mono-
graphed Swifts, etc., in the Cat. Birds. Brit. Mus. and also in
Das Thierreich.

Vogel der Palaarktischen Fauna does not need collation here.

Katalog Vogelsamml. Mus. Senckenb. Middle of January
1891.

HEINE. See Cabanis and Reichenow.

Hemrrich & EHRENBERG. Symbol. Phys. Title 1832,
but issued in 1833.

HorsFietp Zoological Researches in Java. Published in
eight parts. Pt. 1, 9 pls. and text, July 1821; pt. 2, Novem-
ber 1821; pt. 3, February 1822; pt. 4, June 1822; pt. 5,
October 1822; pt. 6, April 1823; pt. 7, October 1823; pt. 8,
April 1824. Contents of parts given in instructions to binders
at end of preface.

Tpis. Journal of British Ornithologists’ Union, published
quarterly in January, April, July and October, fairly regularly.

InticER. Prodr. Mamm. et Aviuwm, 1811, preface dated
April.

InLustr. OrniTH. See Jardine and Selby.

InLustr. Zoon. See Lesson, Swainson and Wilson.

Ists. A German periodical, edited by Oken, which appeared
monthly, though often late.

JARDINE. Editor of the Naturalists’ Library, and Contribu-
tions to Ornithology, which appeared irregularly and no accu-
rate collation has yet been made of the latter. Collaborated
with Selby in the Hlustr. Ornith., details of which are given by

12 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Sherborn in the Ibis, April, 1894, and corrected in the Ibis,
1899, p. 483. For the second series the dates as now known
readi: pt. I, Keb: 1, 1837 5 pt. 2, Mayea27;) N337 pts:
December 1, 1837; pt. 4, June 30, 1838; pt. 5, March 23,
1838; pt. 6, Feb.. 22, 1840; pt. 7, July 25, 1840; pt. 8,
unknown ; pt. 9, June 15, 1843. Hach part should contain
six plates.

JaRockt. Zoologiia. See Austral Av. Rec., Vol. HL, pt. 6,
p. 142, et. seq., 1918.

JOURNAL FUR ORNITHOLOGIE. Begun by Cabanis, and six
hefts appeared the first year, but soon became behind and no
reliance can be placed upon ostensible dates of publication.
Kaur. Skizz. Entwick. Naturl. Syst., 1829, preface dated
April. :

Class. Saugeth. wu. Vogel. Published March 15, 1844. Author
of many articles in the Isis, Jardine’s Contr. Ornith., Proc.
Zool. Soc. (Lond.); ete.

Kerr. Animal Kingdom, 1792, preface dated February.

KeyserRting & Buastus. Ornith. Huropa, 1840, preface
dated October 1839. Reviewed in Isis, April 1840, where
reviews were not up-to-date.

‘Kine. Survey Intertrop. Coasts Austr. Title 1827 (!) but
actually issued April 26, 1826; reviewed in Dublin Philos.
Journ. for May 1826.

Kocr. Syst. baier. Zool., 1816, published before July.

Kuun. Conspectus Psittacorum, issued in Nov. Act. Phys.
Acad. Leop. Carol., Vol. X., 1820, pref. October ; Monograph
of Petrels in the Beitr. Vergl. Anat., 1820, pref. dated April 7th.

LaceprepE. Tabl. Oiseaux, 1799. Reviewed in paper for
end December. See Richmond, Auk, 1899, p. 325, and
Sherborn, Natural Science, 1899, p. 406.

LatHamM. Suppl. Gen. Synops., 1787; preface dated
May Ist.

Index Ornith., 1790, acknowledged by Philos. Soc. London,
December 9, 1790.

Second Suppl. Gen. Synops. has plates dated May 30, 1801,
and the Suppl. Index Ornith. was simultaneously published.

Lreacu. Zool. Miscellany appeared in parts, Ist part on

No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD i3

Jan. Ist, 1814. Vol. I. having title page 1814; Vol. IT., 1815;
Vol. III. appeared as one item, January 1, 1817. Five plates
and about one signature of text in each part. Cf. Isis, 1817,
p. 260.

Syst. Catal. Brit. Birds, 1816, pref. October 30. :

Lear. Iilusir. Psittacide. See Austral Av. Rec., Vol. I.,
p. 23, 1912.

Lzem [Knup.| Beskrivelse over Finmarkens Lapper, 1767 ;
pref. date. January 29.

Lesson. Manuel d@Ornith. Acknowledged B.F., June 28,
1828.

Traité @Ornith. February 13, 1830-June 11, 1831. For
details of this and Illustr. Zool. and Centurie.de Zool. see
Nov. Zool., Vol. XVIII, pp. 12-14, 1911.

Hecho du Monde Savant. Articles by Lesson which appeared
in this periodical have lately been reprinted by Menégaux.

Descr. Mamm. et Ois., published in April 1847.

Compl. de Buffon. Exact dates not known to me. See
also under Coquille.

LEVAILLANT. Hist. Nat. Perroquets. Vol.1., An. 1X. = 1801;
Vol. II., An. XTIT. = 18053 Vol. III. by Bourjot St. Hilaire
said to bave been begun in March 1837, but Atheneum,
January 23rd, 1836, p. 73, says Pt. 1 has appeared. Another
source gives Livr. 15-24 as 1856; 25-26 as 1837. Another
says completed in 29 paris and 110 plates. A Collection
des Perroquetes (possibly this work) is referred to in Wiegm.
Archiv. and the following data given: Livr. 1-Iv., 1835;
Livr. XI1.-xxIv, 1835, each part with 4 plates.

Lewin. Birds of New Holland, 1808, probably before
September. Other editions of little technical importance,
1813, 1822 and 1835.

LicHTENSTEIN. Cat. Berlin Museum. 1st ed. 1816; 2nd
ed. 1818, before August. (Isis, 1818, col. 1103, Litt. Anz.)
Enlarged edition 1823, preface September. Important one
published in 1854, prefaced January 10, and others were
issued at various dates between 1819-1842 or later, one of
which was reprinted in Journal ftir Orn., 1863, pp. 54-60.

See Birds Austr., Vol. VII., p. 457.

14 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Linné. Fauna Suecica. Ist ed. prefaced February 25, 1746.
Syst. Nat. 10th Edition, date accepted, January 1, 1758.
Fauna Suecica, 2nd ed. prefaced July 28, 1761. Syst. Nat.
12th ed. prefaced May 24, 1766.

Littter. Handbook Birds Tasm., 1910. Reviewed Emu
July Ist 1910, London, December 10..

Macertuivray. Hist. Brit. Birds, Vol. I., prefaced May 1,
1837; Vol. II., prefaced June 1, 1839; Vol. HI., prefaced
June 1, 1840. Onsale July 1, 1840. Vol. IV., prefaced March
20, 1852; and Vol. V., prefaced July 31, 1852.

Rapacious Birds Great Britain. Published January 16, 1836.

Manual Land Birds. Published November 28, 1840.

Manual Water Birds. Published May 28, 1842.

Mac. DE Zoou. Plates and text issued irregularly, and
sometimes text dated, but these are dates of manuscript only, —
not of publication. No exact collation yet known.

MatHEews. Birds Austr. Details given in Vol. VII, p.
458, 1919.

Handl. Birds Australasia. January 1908 as Supplement
to Emu, Vol. VII.

Inst Birds Australia. December 1913.

Reference List to the Birds of Australia was published in the
Nov. Zool., Vol. XVIII., pp. 171-656, January 31, 1912,
following two important papers on nomenclature in the same
Journal, containing details of dates of publication, Vol. XVIL.,
pp. 492-503, December 15, 1910, and Vol. XVIII., pp. 1-22,
June 17, 1911. Has also published many papers in the Ibis,
Emu, Auk, South Australian Ornithologist, ete., as well as
majority in the Austral Avian Record.

MatHews & IREDALE. Reference List of the Birds of New
Zealand appeared in Ibis, 1913, pp. 201-263, April 2, pp. 402-
45, July 1.

Meyer & WicuEswortH. Birds of Celebes. A most
important work to students of Australasian birds. Two
volumes 1898 issued together and received at British Museum,
June 25, 1898. Dates are used as signatures, appearing con-
tinuously throughout the work, but are dates of printing of
sheets, not of publication, the first being October 4, 1897, and

No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 15

last (contents) May 30, 1898, the preface being dated April
30, 1898.

Meyer & Wor. Taschenb. deutsche Vogel, 1810. Pt. 1.,
pp. 1-310, preface dated August 20, 1809; pt. 11, pp. 311-614,
preface dated March 1810. Zusitze und Bericht. by Meyer
1822, preface dated April.

Miscettany Nat. Hist. Vol. I., Parrots by Lauder and
Brown, 1833. Advt. states that ‘““On November 16 will be
published another work.”

Mituer, J. F. Var. Subj. Nat. Hist., plates only bearing
dates. See Riley, Auk, 1908, p. 269. Republished with text
by Shaw in 1798 under the title Cimelia Physica.

Mutuer, P. L. 8. Suppl. Natursyst., preface dated
January 4, 1776. See Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,
1864, pp. 234-257.

Mutter, 8. Verhandl. Nat. Gesch. Land- en Volkenk. See
Austral Av. Rec., Vol. I., p. 24, 1912.

Mus. CARLSONIANUM. See Sparrman.

Mus. Hrrnnanum. See Heine, and Reichenow.

Mus LEevEeRIANUM. See Shaw.

Mus. pes Pays-Bas. Under this title Schlegel published a
series of Monographs of Birds which have not yet been accu-
rately collated with dates of publication. See Birds Austr.,—
Vol. VII., pp. 464 and 476, 1919.

Mus. SENCKENBERG. In three volumes issued in parts.
The preface to Vol. I. is dated October 1834, which appears
to be the date of issue of the 3rd. part. In the British
Museum, Natural History, the copy is bound with the
wrappers preserved, and from these I have secured the
following information :

Wools Ie levers th jayor 1-96 pls. I.—V. End Sept. 1833

2 97-188 VI.—IX. & XI. 1834
3 189-295 X. & XII.—XVITI. 1834
Te hettel 1-116 I.—VI. 1836
2 117-190 VII.—XI: 1837
3 191-310 XIT.—X VII. 1837
Ill. heft 1 1-90 I.—V. 1839
2 91-196 VI.—XILI. 1842
3 197-318 XITI.—X VII. 1845

16 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Katalog Vogelsamml. Mus. Senckenb., prepared by Hartert,
was published after middle of January 1891.

NavumanniA. Published quarterly but at first of quite
irregular occurrence, and towards the end apparently also
failed. Exact dates have not been ascertained, so I put
forward the following details :

Vol. I. in 4 pts. The Vorwort dated September 1849;
pt. 2 dated in text February 1850; pt. 3, October 1850 ;
and pt. 4, April 10, 1851.

Vol. II. apparently 3 parts only. Pt. 1 dated in text
September 9, 1851; pt. 2 November 1852; and pt. 3, 1852,
only probably early in 1853.

Vol. III. quarterly. Pref. 1853 February. Latest date
November 8, 1853.

Vol. IV. quarterly. Latest date November 1854.

= ee Vs Do. Latest date October 1855; contains
advertisement of sale of birds’ eggs to take place at Stevens
in February 1856.
Vol. VI. quarterly. Latest date October 1856.
VIL. Do. November 1857.
VIII. for 1858 includes date May 1859.

Newton. Famous British ornithologist, whose publications
arefew, but the Dictionary of Birds, in which he was assisted
by Gadow, Shufeldt, etc., contains a synoptic résumé of
ornithological writers, which is peculiarly valuable, as in that
study Newton has never been surpassed.

Nirzscu. Observ., pref. dated Ides September 1829.

Pterylographie, pret. dated May 20, 1840.

Nortu. Ausir. Mus. Special Catalogue No. 1 was published
in parts, details of which are given Birds Austr., Vol. VII.,
p. 460, 1919.

Rep. Horn. Sci. Exped., pt. 1., Zool. Aves by North,
published in February 1896.

Nouv. Dicr. p’Hist. Nat., Nouv. ED. See Nov. Zool.-;
Vol. XVIII., p. 18, 1911. Two prints exist with very little -
alteration.

Nov. Zoou. <A periodical issued in connection with the
Tring Museum at irregular intervals, parts being dated.

No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 17

OxEN. Editor of the Isis.

Lehrb. der Naturg., 1816. Allg. Naturg., Vol. VII., pt. 1.
(Thierreich, Vol. IV., pt. 1.), 1837, not 1841 as given in my
previous paper.

OrnitH. MonatsBeriIcuT. A monthly record of ornithology.

Pautas. Spicilegia Zool. Vol. I. in ten fascicules: pref.
dated Kalend Mai 1767: fascicules dated, 10th, 1774; 11th,
1776; and 14th and last, 1800.

Reise Russ. Reichs, Vol. 1., 1771, pref. April 28, O.S. 1770 ;
Wol, It, 77g, joi, zyoal UO! Oise aly rese Voll IU Las Ie 7KGy,
pref. February 10, O.S. 1776.

Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. ‘Though copies exist with titles dated
1811 and 1831, date of publication is now accepted as 1827.
See Vroeg.

Peate. See U.S. Expl. Exped.

- Prrry. Arcana, issued in 21 monthly parts each, 4 plates,
beginning January 1, 1810. See Victorian Naturalist, Vol.
XXIX., p. 7 e¢ seqg., May 1912.

Puiture. Voyage to Botany Bay, 1789. Pref. dated
November 2, 1789, but last plate November 26, 1789.

PoLe Sup. Plates of Birds only bear vernacular names,
save those of Petrel bills, where Latin names are given. These
plates were issued between 1843 and 1846. The text, by
Pucheran, was not issued until 1853; later copies ascribe
the text to Jacquinot and Pucheran.

Proc. Linn. Soc. New SoutH Wates. Dates of early
parts given in Vol. X. of the second series, p. 533, and. refer
also Birds Austr., Vol. VII., p. 462, 1919.

Proc. Zoo. Soc. (Lonp.). Dates given in the July 1893
number.

PUCHERAN. Contributed a series of important papers on
the types of Cuvier, Lesson and Vieillot, which were indexed
by Hartlaub, Journ. fur. Ornith., 1855, p. 417.

Quoy & Gaimarp. Authors of Birds in Voyages Uranie
and Physicienne and of Astrolabe. [Full detail have been
published by Sherborn and Woodward in the Annals Mag.
Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, Vol. VII., April 1901, p. 392, and Vol. VIIL.,
October 1901, p. 333.

18 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

RAFINESQUE. Analyse de la Nature, 1815. See Auk,
1909, pp. 42-55. ;

Ramsay, E. P. Tab. List Austr. Birds. 1st edition received
in London, December 8, 1888; 2nd edition published after
July 1891.

RANZANI. Elem. di Zool. Vol. III., pt. 1m, published
October 7, 1821, the date is given at end of volume. Cf.
Bull. Sci. Nat. (Ferussac), Vol. I., pp. 163-165, 1824; Vol. VIL.,
p. 339, 1826. |

REICHENBACH. Author of numerous ornithological works,
whose dates of exact publication are at present uncertain.
Meyer, in his Index zu L. Reichenbach’s Ornith. Werken,
1879, does not deal with this, simply citing dates on titles
which are not correct in detail. Refer to Birds Austr., Vol.
VIL., p. 463, 1919.

Reichenbach, as the second volume of the Vollstand. Naturg.
Vogel, issued Die neuentdeckten Vogel Neuheollands, simply a
translation of the text of Gould’s Birds of Australia. Pt. 1.,
pp. 1-248, appeared in 1845, pt. 11, pp. 1-172, in 1847, and
pt. Ur., pp. 173-368, 1850. A few emendations and errors
occur. ;
I reject the names in the Aviwm Syst. Nat. based on figures
of heads, wings and feet as indeterminable, and in some cases,
composite.

ReicHEnow. Vogel Zool. Garten, pt. 1., 1882, pp. 1-278,
pref. May; pt. 2, pp. 279-456, 1-xix., 1884. In this un-
expected place the author proposes a novel classification of
birds.

Author of Vogel Afrikas; and part author of the Nomencl.
Mus. Heine with pages dated 1882-1890, title page by Heine
and Reichenow, and preface by Reichenow dated September
1890, and issued in one item after that date.

REvuE Mac. DE Zoon. Soc. Cuv. Appeared monthly,
the June number appearing in the first fortnight of July and
so on, though at times publication was several months late.

Ricumonp. Avian Name Recorder. Has published three
Lists of generic names of birds supplementary to Waterhouse’s
Index Generum Avium, determining exact dates of publication.

No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 19

(1) Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 24, pp. 663-729, May 2, 1902.

(2) 35, pp. 583-655, December
ot 16, 1908.
(3) 53, pp. 565-636, August

(16=) 25th, 1917.
These are the most important aids to the ornithologist yet
published.

Ripaway. Water Birds of North America in the Mem. Mus.
Comp. Zool. Harvard, Vol.. XIII., Introd. dated March 31,
1884. Author of the Birds of North and Middle America
issued as Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum of which
8 parts have now been issued, the last just recently in 1919
dealing with the Charadriiformes.

ROTHSCHILD. Avifauna of Laysan. Pt. 1, pp. 1-58,
August 1893; pt. 2, pp. 59-126, November 1893; pt. 3,
pp. 127 to end, December 1900.

Extinct Birds, published in one volume, 1907.

Co-editor of Nov. Zool., his own Journal. Monographed
the family Paradiseide in Das Tierreich. ;

SaLvaporrI. Ornit. Papuasia e Moluche. .I have given
details in the Birds Austr., Vol. VII., p. 463, 1919, but find
that the first volume was first published in the Mem. real Accad.
Sci. Torino, Ser. II., Vol. XX XIII., and though the preface
is dated June 15, 1879, the title page is dated 1881 and it was
received at the Brit. Mus. in August 1881, yet separate copies
bear date 1880. The second and third volumes were issued
separately, the Aggiunte then again being issued in parts in
the Mem. Torino, for details of which see Birds Austr., Vol.
VII., p. 464, 1919. Also wrote monographs on Parrots,
Pigeons, Ducks, ete., in the Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.

SALVIN. Famous specialist on neotropical birds, but wrote
the monograph on the Petrels in the Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.

SaunpgErs. Authority on British Birds, but wrote the
monograph on Gulls and Terns in the Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.

SAvieny. Descr. de l’ Egypte. Published in 1809. See
Sherborn, Proc. Zool. Soc. (Lond.), 1897, p. 285. Explanation
to plates not issued until 1826, when they were edited by
Audouin.

20 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

ScHLEGEL. De Dierentuim. Title page dated 1872, but
issued in fifteen parts of 40 pp. each. The copy in my library
has the covers bound in, but no dates appear on these. Schlegel
edited Mus. des Pays-Bas, but accurate dates not yet determined.

Scuranck. Fauna Boica, Vol. I., 1798, pref. July 20,
1797; Vol. II., 1801, pref. March 12, 1801; Vol. IIL., 1803;
pref. November 8, 1802.

Scopott. Annus. Hist. Nat., I., 1769; II., 1769;
1769; IV.,1770; V., 1772.

Introd. Hist. Nat., 1777.

Delic. Flore et Faun. Insubr., 1786-88.

Setsy. Author of works on British Birds, who collaborated
with Jardine in the Illustrations of Ornithology, which see.
Wrote the volume in the Naturalists’ Library (Jardine) dealing
with Pigeons, which was published between May and August
1835, date at issue.

SEEBOHM. Famous worker on British Birds, who wrote
monograph on Warblers and Thrushes in Cat. Birds Brit.
Mus. and a separate monograph on Thrushes and Geog.
Distribution of Charadriiformes, which appeared in parts,
but which I have not traced; and, though important, dates
of publication are not technically valuable.

SHARPE, R. B. Head of Bird Department of British
Museum for many years. Wrote Monograph of Kingfishers,
which appeared in 15 parts, pt. 1, July 1, 1868 and xiv.
and xv., January 1, 1871. Dates and contents of parts given
in preface. Initiated the Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., of which he
wrote about half the monographs. Completed a Handlist
Genera Species Birds Brit. Mus., in which no references are
given, and consequently it is only a very incomplete guide to
known species of birds. Sharpe published many papers in the
Ibis, etc., and also important monographs; the birds in the Zooi.
Coll. Alert, 1884 (pref. June 20), are important to Australians,
and especially the articles in the Hist. Coll. Nat. Hist. Brit.
Mus., Vol. II., 1906; where Sharpe reviewed the paintings
made by Forster, Ellis and Watling dealing with Australian
birds. Attention is again drawn to it, as it was not included
in the Zoological Record for 1906, though it is a very important

No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 21

article. Sharpe also completed Gould’s Birds of New Guinea
wherein are figured Australian Birds.

SHARPE & Wyatr. Monograph of the Hirundinde, bound
up in two volumes dated 1885-1894, was published in 20 parts
most irregularly as follows: Pt. 1, September 1885; pt. IL,
December 1885; pts. m1. and Iv., July 1886; pts. v. and vL.,
June 1887; pts. vil. and vilt., May 1888; pts. rx. and x.,
March 1889; pts. x1. and xu1., December 1889; pts. xIII.
and xiv., December 1890; pt. xv., August 1892; pts. XvI.
anda xvas Decembers 1893 cand: pts. Xvill!,) xix, andy xx:,
October 1894.

SHaw. Director of Zoology at the British Museum. Wrote
Mus. Leverianum, published in parts; No. 1 presented to
Roy. Soc., January 12, 1792; for details of which see Birds
Austr., Vol. VII., pp. 466 and 476, 1919.

Zool. New Holland. See Emu, Vol. XI., pt. 1, p. 255,
April 1, 1912.

Cimelia Physica, 1796. Miller’s plates with text by Shaw.

Naturalists’ Miscellany. A most important scientific work
of which 287 parts appeared between August 1, 1789, and
August 1813, the date of Shaw’s death. These are bound in
twenty-four volumes. For dates refer to Sherborn in the
Annals Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, Vol. XV., April 1895, p. 375,
and J. A. Allenin the Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XX XI.,
p. 11, March 4, 1912. Began a General Zoology, concluded
by Stephens, which see.

SHELLEY. Author of Birds of Africa, who wrote monograph
of Cuckoos in Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.

SHERBORN. Compiler of the Index Animaliuwm, the most
important aid to the systematist yet published. A large
number of notes in the present essay are due to his initiative
and assistance, and thanks are here once again tendered for
his generosity in allowing me publication of some of his most
interesting notes.

SHUFELDT. Famous American osteologist who has _ con-
tributed papers on the Osteology of Australian Birds to the
Emu, etc.

SmirH. Illus. Zool. South Africa. For details see Birds

22 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV

Austr., Vol. VII., p. 466, 1919, and Proc. Zool. Soc. (Lond.),
1880, p. 489.

SPARRMAN. Mus. Carlson. Fasc. I., pls. 1-xxv., 1786 ;
fasc. II., pls. xxv1.-L., 1787; fasc. IIT., pls. L1.-Lxxv., 1788; and
tascadliVes pls. Uxxvar-C5) 1789:

SoutH AUSTRALIAN ORNITHOLOGIST. See Birds Austr.,
Vol. VIL., p. 467, 1919.

STEINEGER. Famous American ornithologist who, with
Barrows, Elliot and the editor Kingsley, wrote up the Birds,
Vol. IV., of the Standard Natural History 1885, wherein ~
Stejneger proposed a very valuable and novel bird classi-
fication. Issued late in 1885, refers to April in tent.

STEPHENS. Continued the General Zoology after Shaw’s
death.

Vol. IX. in two parts was published August 1816

X. i a. September 1817
XI. = August 1819
XI. ie ‘ Late in 1824

XIII. : , Feb. 18th, 1826
XIV. Late in 1826;

(Acknowledged) Linn. See February 6, 1827
Stone, Witmer. Famous American aumubolonis} who con-
tributed to the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., pp. 5-62,
April 17, 1899, a study of type specimens in the Philadelphia
collection dealing with those of Peale and Cassin. He com-
pleted his task with a list of Gould’s Australian Birds in the
Austral Av. Rec., Vol. I., pts. 6 and 7, February 28, 1913,
an invaluable assistance to systematic ornithologists.
STRICKLAND. Editor of Nomenclatural Rules, commonly
known as the Stricklandian Code. Accidentally killed.
Under the title Ornithological Synonyms a portion of his
MS. dealing with the synonymy of the Hawks and Owls was
published in 1855 under the editorship of Mrs. Strickland and
Sir W. Jardine, the preface being dated September 1, 1855.
Nearly thirty years later a Catalogue of the Strickland Collection
of Birds was published, edited by O. Salvin, an inset being
dated June 4, 1882, so that it must have appeared after that
date. During his lifetime probably his most important

No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 23

publications were his criticisms of Gray’s Lists of Genera of
Birds which appeared in the Annals Mag. Nat. Hist., VI., p.
410, 1840; VIL., p. 26, 1841, 159, 1841.

SUNDEVALL. Tentamen. Part 1. Introd., pp. 1.-xLvmt., and
1-72, issued August 1872. Part m. Introd., pp. xix. to end,
and pp. 73 to end before June 12th, 1873. An English trans-
lation by F. Nicholson issued in 1889 (preface August 1).

Swainson Fauna Boreal. Americani. Vol. II., title page
1831, but date of issue, according to Richmond, February 1832.

Classif. Birds. Pt.1., October 1, 1836; pt.u., July 1, 1837.

Birds of West Africa. Vol. I., March 8, 18373; Vol. IL.,
September 23, 1837.

Anim. in Menag. December 31, 1837.

Family Flycatchers (in Naturalists’ Library). May 19, 1838.

Zoological Illustrations. As far as has been ascertained by
C. Davies Sherborn, the following are the particulars of issue
of this complex work. The first part of the first series appeared
on October 1, 1820, with 6 plates and this was succeeded monthly
with similar parts for eleven months, the twelfth part having
no plates but only preface, indices, etc., the preface to Vol. I.
being dated September 15, 1821. The second Volume had
only four plates toa part, but came out regularly, but apparently
five plates were issued with the September 1821 number,
which are included in this volume. Then the third Volume,
begun in October 1822, had five plates to each number except
the last in October 1823, which apparently had only three
plates, title, prefaces, ete.

The second series was much more erratic in appearance,
and the data are very incomplete; it was announced to
begin on February 29, 1829, and five plates to a part;
three parts were reviewed as early as April 1829, but
only six seem to have been published during 1829, being
reviewed in February 1830. Again only four parts, three
with five plates each, and one with indices, etc., can be
traced as coming out in 1830. Then regularly for the first
eight months in 1831, though double numbers may have been
issued if behindhand. Then a period elapsed about which
we know very little, and then the preface to the final volume

24 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

(III.) is dated March 4, 1833, and this includes 40 plates, or
eight parts each with five plates.

TcHIHATCHEFF. Voy. Sci. d Altai Or. Pt. 1., acknowledged
B.F., September 21, 18413; pt. IL, containing a catalogue
of Birds by Banna Ww ith new generic names in it, B.F.,
May 3, 1845.

TEMMINCK & LAvarer. Planch. Color. d@Ois. See Birds
Austr., Vol. VII., p. 468 and 477. I can now add that there
is a postscript dated August 30, 1836, which reads, “ In
completing this 101st livraison.”

Temminck & ScuLEGEL. The Aves in Siebold’s Fauna
Japonica were written up by these authors. This appeared in
twelve parts as recorded by Sherborn in the Proc. Zool. Soc.
(Lond.), 1895, p. 149. Additional dates are pt. m1, August
1847; pt. 1v., January 1848; pt. v., March 1848; pt. x11,
April 1850.

TemmMinck, C. J. Cat. Syst. Cab. Ornith., 1807.

Manuel. 1st edition 1815, preface dated 1814. Dr. J.
Dwight, New York, has a copy with two title pages, one
“1814,” the other “ 1815.”

Manuel. 2nd edition. Vols. I. and II. acknowledged
B.F. October 21, 1820. Vol. TITI., April 18, 1835, and Vol. IV.,;
December 7, 1839. Title pages of Vol. I. sometimes October
1820, and Vol. III., April 1835, but others simply 1820-1840.
There seems to have been a re-issue of Vols. IiI. and IV., and
these are again recorded in the B.F. for December-19, 1840.

In the text, p. 2, to Eurylaimus in the 22nd livraison of the
Planch. Color. which appeared in May 1822, 'Temminck, in a
footnote, stated that the third volume should appear in the
beginning of 1823, and would include a second edition of his
Analyse. The third volume as above was delayed until 1835,
and I have never heard of the publication of the second edition
of the Analyse.

Les Pigeons, by Knip, “ dated on title page 1811, appeared
in 15 livraisons, from 1807 to 1811.” Research by Sherborn
has revealed the following confirming Coues’ data, Orn. Bibl.,
pt. 3, pp. 794-797 (Bull. U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Territ.,
No. 4 (September 30), 1880), to which reference should be

IN@s tle] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 25

made. As far as is known no livraison appeared earlier than
1809 in which year five were issued, covering Les Colombars,
pls. 1.-x1., pp. 23-41, and Les Colombes, pls. 1.-xv1., pp. 1-49.
In 1810 three livraisons with pls. x1x.-xXxxv1. and correspond-
ing text with the succeeding plates of Les Colombes XXXVII.-LIx.
and Les Colombi-gallines, pls. 1.-xvi. and pp. 1-30 all in 1811.
In the copy in the Tweeddale Library, Natural History Depart-
ment of the British Museum, pp. 23-41 as given above appear,
but the signatures are erratic, 7, 8, 9, 33, 24, but in my own
copy they were 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. In the Zoological Library
in the same place a copy contains pp. 23-28 only, but there
is a 2nd edition with pp. 23-34—-129-135, and these latter
are the pages correctly numbered, 35-41 in the Tweeddale
copy and have the same signatures 33-24. This amplifies
the history of the elimination of certain pages, etc., by Madame
Knip as detailed by Coues, and the numeration of those pages
129-135 follows that of Les Colombes, which runs from 1-128,
and suggests they came out at the end of that group in error.
Trans: Linn. Soc. (Lonp.). Dates are given in the Birds
Austr., Vol. VII., pp. 471, 477, 1919. The one that concerns
Australian ornithologists intimately is that of Vol. XV.,
pt. 1., which contains Vigors and Horsfield’s historic essay,
and which proves to have been issued on February 17, 1827,
though until quite recently quoted as 1826.

Vol. J. Pres: Roy. Soc. Nov. 24, 1791

IV. eee May 24, 1798

V. BI a Feb. 20, 1800

VI. 3 Lie ee June 5, 1802

XII. pt. 2 about July, 1819.

[Tunstauu]. Ornith. Britannica, dated 1771. Published
anonymously, yet commonly accepted by workers who pretend
to reject anonymous works.

UNITED States Exptorinc Expepirion. The results of
this Expedition under Wilkes were published, and the birds
reported upon by Titian Peale, the artist of the expedition,
whose work was published in 1848. After a few copies were
distributed in a legitimate manner the stock was accidentally

26 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

destroyed by fire. A second edition was prepared by John
Cassin, a professed ornithologist, who rejected most of Peale’s
names as synonyms, though they have since been recognised.
The preface is dated May 10, 1858.

VieILLor. Analyse nour. Ornith., acknowledged B.F. April
14, 1816. Author of monographs in Nouv. Dict. d’Hist.
Nat., nouv. ed., Ency. Method., Galerie des Oiseaux, which
see.

Vicors. Editor of Zool. Journal. Co-author with Horsfield

of Essay on Australian birds which appeared in Trans. Linn.
Soc. (Lond.), Vol. XV., pt. 11.
- Vrozc. A well-known name since first attention was
drawn to it by Sherborn and Richmond in the Smithsonian
Miscell. Coll. (Quarterly Issue), Vol. 47, January 31, 1905,
pp. 332-347. Papers have been written by Hartert, Van
Oort, Witmer Stone and myself, and the last word has rot
yet been said. The sale of the collection was to be September
22, 1764, so that the pamphlet must have been published
before that date. The Latin Adumbratiuncula was pre-
pared by Pallas, from external evidence; but the author is
anonymous, while the text of the Catalogue may be credited
to Vroeg. Two years after Vroeg’s Cat. was published,
Linne (Syst. Nat., ed. 12, p. 298, 1766) -quotes Turdus
puniceus Pallas, adumbr. 99. (This is No 99, p. 2, Vroeg’s
Cat., 1764).

Pallas, Zoogr., Vol. II., p. 199, 1827, says he described
Trynga alba in Catal. Vroegiani append. adumbr. and_ this
is No. 320, p. 7, in Vroeg’s Cat.

WaGLER. Syst. Avium was reviewed in Isis, October 1827,
col. 864. The monograph of Parrots appeared in the Abhandl.
Ak. Wissen. Munchen, Vol. I., 1832, whose preface is dated
December 1832, and separates are dated 1835.

WATERHOUSE. Index Generum Avium. Preface dated
August 1, 1889. <A valuable list, but no accuracy as regards
dates of publication. Waterhouse’s work must be supple-
mented by Richmond’s, which see.

Wuitrt. Journ. Voy. N.S.W. Title 1790, latest date on
plates December 29, 1789. Reviewed in Gent’s. Mag. for

No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD

bo
1

August 1790, but this may even refer to second print, for
which see Birds Austr., Vol. VII., p. 472, 1919.

Witson. Illus. Zool. In nine parts, 1827-1831. Pref.
April 25, 1827. Pt. 1. reviewed April-July No.; pt. 2 July-
September No.; pt. 3 January-March, 1828, No. of Edinb.
Philos. Journ. Four parts only by June 1828; the seventh
before November 1829, and 8th and 9th before May 1831.
No. 6, 1829, includes Larus jamesoni.

ZOOL. JOURN. First two volumes issued in parts according
to titles, last three more or less erratically, the last part
December 5, 1835, the preceding one in July 1832. See Birds
Austr., Vol. VII., p. 473, 1919.

Zoou. MisceLtLANny. See Leach and Gray.

eh ret,
er
on

.

4 Menta
sh AN
Tyas gi aan

THE
AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD

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Vol IV., Nos. 2 and 3. Jury 287TH, 1920.

CONTENTS.
AVIAN TAXONOMY

A NAmeE-List oF THE Bigps or NEw ZEALAND

A Nameg-List oF THE Brrps oF AUSTRALIA .. ale 65

AVIAN TAXONOMY.
By Grecory M. Mathews AnD Tom IREDALE.

RECENT taxonomists have failed to provide a scheme to meet
with any general approval, the best known being far from
faultless. American ornithologists have deferred the con-
sideration of the higher avian systematics on the grounds of
convenience—a plea unexpected from progressives, but one
continually urged by conservative ornithologists.

It has always seemed to us that a knowledge of the
relationships of the higher groups is of much more importance
than the study of geographical variations of species. It is
admitted that much more careful study is necessary in connec-
tion with the former than with the latter, but in our opinion
the difficulties only make the subject more interesting. A
complication has been present in the peculiar usurpation of
recent taxonomics by individuals ignorant of avian forms.
We have been quite unable to appreciate the reasons for
acquiescence in the unmerited dogmatism of such writers,
whose inability to understand avian evolution has been
disguised by the usage of barbaric terms.

Really only three taxonomists have dealt with bird
classification in a scientific manner, viz., Stejneger, Sharpe

30 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

and Shufeldt, and these were more or less confused by the
peculiarities proposed by their predecessors, and could not
deal clearly with the matters in view. Each, however, endea-
voured to improve the subject, and, as a matter of fact, the
classification suggested by the last named is worthy of much
consideration. The present essay is an attempt to deal
broadly with the subject from the knowledge of the birds
themselves, due consideration being given to the anatomy
and osteology, but without deference to the views of incom-
petent writers, some of whom without reason have endeavoured
to dominate avian taxonomy.

As Sharpe pointed out, it is impossible adequately to express
a scheme of avian classification in linear sequence. We agree
to this, and consequently the most difficult task is to arrange
the forms without too much disagreement. Since Sharpe’s
Review of recent attempts to classify Birds, schemes by Gadow.
Beddard, Shufeldt, Reichenow and Sharpe himself have
been published, and, as Shufeldt remarked when he published
his own, the differences are extraordinary. Shufeldt laid
down laws which are worthy of repetition, and which we have
always maintained, thus: ‘‘ In our efforts, too, to seek out
the true relationship of birds in order to arrive at a natural
classification we must take into consideration, in the broadest
possible sense, their embryology, their oology and nidology ;
their habits and comparative longevity, and even their various
notes and songs must be given due weight . . . indeed ptilosis,
pterylography and osteology stand among the most important
factors at ourcommand. ... Their geographical distribution,
a very important factor to be studied in their taxonomy, is to
be considered not only from the view-point of the present
distribution of the species of the class over the earth’s surface,
but likewise a comprehension, as far as possible, of the question

as to how that distribution came about... It is extremely
unsafe and dangerous to the science of this subject, however,
to thus employ the osseous system alone. . . . A comparative

study of the beaks and feet ; the various characters presented
on the parts of the plumage, especially as to colour, structure
and style, often constitute admirable checks on a classificatory

Nos. 2 & 3.| THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 31

scheme of the class based on osteological data.’ Such con-
clusions achieved by a professional osteologist are extremely
valuable, and justify the proposition of a scheme formulated
from a study of the factors suggested by Shufeldt, and con-
firmed by anatomical and osteological data. Regarding these
latter, it is worthy of emphasis that Beddard concluded that
very little reliance could be placed upon any internal features
on account of the variation, and that, accurately speaking,
there were no characters upon which special stress could be
laid with any security.

Probably the most scathing condemnation of the worker
who is responsible for so much confusion in bird classification
proceeded from one of his mentors: ‘Common sense revolts
at the acceptance of any scheme which involves so many
incongruities”’; and again: “ This view was virtually aban-
doned by him (the author of these incongruous ideas) within
little more than twelve months ; but that fact has not hindered
some writers from continuing to use these terms as if they
had any taxonomic signification.”

We had written before seeing that note: “ It is displeasing
to record that avian systematists have continued the accept-
ance without criticism of the incongruous items, many of
which were almost immediately abandoned by their introducer.”’

Why avian systematics should be considered incapable of
comprehension by the normal student we are unable to under-
stand. It is admitted that the morphology of birds must be
considered in connection with their classification, but we want
to emphasise the fact that it is absolutely impossible to frame
a scheme upon morphological characters alone, and that only
a full consideration of superficial features complemented by
anatomical details will prove successful. There is as much,
or even more, convergence in the latter as in the former. The
serious student will note that only in the cases which have
puzzled him has anatomy been successful in assistance, but
when the puzzle was very complete anatomy has failed just
as absolutely. Ornithologists have as much valid material to
deal with as ornithotomists. Thus the division of birds into
Carinate and Ratite is indefensible, from any point of view,

32 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

~ while Neognathe and Palewognathe are just as futile terms.
Consideration of the living forms has led us to accept three
divisions, viz., Dromcornithes, Impennes and Huornithes, as
being a reasonable compromise, though we anticipate the
absolute rejection of the first named and their dispersal among
the Euornithes at a later stage; but we cannot see where the
Impennes can be placed with any degree of Se rAQuiem, as
they differ in toto from all other existing birds.

Before proceeding further we must state that we are
omitting from this classification the fossil forms, as we are
quite unable to place them with any degree of accuracy in
connection with living species. We absolutely disagree with
those who would not study them at all in conjunction with
recent forms, but we cannot see enough data to determine
any near relationships. Probably each fossil represents an
order, as these are used to-day, while the characters of such
fossils as are well known are least useful. We recognise that
an Avian “ Order” is a group of little value in comparison
with a Mammalian or Reptilian “ Order,” but the elimination
of order and supersession by supersuborder does not attract
us. Neither does suborder and superfamily avail us much if
these be used in the same manner. We here propose a series
of Orders, few in number, but divided into many suborders
(these being what have been sometimes termed Orders) and
in a few cases superfamilies are noted. As a matter of fact
to the specialist the more divisions the easier the work, and
the more exact the application thereof.

Thus in the subclass Dromezornithes the generally ranked
Orders Struthiones, Rhee and Casuarii are retained by us, the
last named being divided into two families, the Casuariidze
and Dromiceiide.

The subclass Impennes covers one Order, Sphenisci,
which may be divided into two families, the Spheniscide and
Aptenodytide. We regard this series as ranging from
Eudyptula through Spheniscus in one direction and by means
of Hudyptes into Megadyptes in the other. In the other family
we place Pygoscelis below Aptenodytes, and in so doing find we
are in agreement with both ornithotomists and ornithologists.

Nos. 2 & 3.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 33

We have instanced this case in detail, but do not propose to
go into such in connection with the succeeding orders.

In the Euornithes we begin with the Procellarii or Tubinares
and admit only one suborder, Procellariiformes, divisible into
four families, Thalassidromide, Procellariidze, Pelecanoididz
and Diomedeidz. It would be a good system to amalgamate
the three first named into a superfamily, Procellarioidea, and
contrast the latter as a superfamily, Diomedeoidea. The
latter better represents the value of the divisions, as we
cannot yet give them subordinal distinction.

As a distinct Order we must separate the Fregati, and
we place these next, as they show structural characters
recalling those of the previous family, and, moreover,
these are confirmed by internal features, and all investigators
are agreed as to the anomalous position these held when
included in the Steganopodes. We restrict the latter to those
members left when the Fregati and Phaéthonti are removed ;
and, admitting that only one suborder is necessary, would
still differentiate the groups as being above family rank, and
therefore recognise three superfamilies, Phalacrocoracoidea,
Pelecanoidea and Suloidea. Two families are included in the
first named, the Phalacrocoracide and Anhingide, while the
others cover but one each.

The Order now following, the Lari or Limicole, is an amal-
gamation of several suborders, Phaéthontiformes, Lariformes,
Alciformes, Colymbiformes, Chionidiformes, Charadriiformes
and Otidiformes. The first named is, according to our judg-
ment, more closely related to the Lariformes and seems a
derivative from the ancestors of the Sternide series. On
account of its “‘ steganopod ” character we place it at the foot
of the Lariform group, succeeding with the Lariformes s. sir.,
with their usual four families, Sternide, Rynchopide, Laridee
and Stercorariide. The difficulty of arrangement is felt
throughout the whole of this series as we trace the evolution
of many groups in different directions ; as here we can follow
the Sternidee into the Rynchopide, which must be recognised
as highly specialised, yet from their peculiar distribution, a
very oldform. Again, from their structure, the Stercorariidz

34 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

must have departed early from the Larine stem, but since
then peculiar forms have developed, while the extraordinary
Arctic—Antarctic distribution, agreeing with other Lariform
groups, is not otherwise met with.

The Alciformes naturally follow the Lariformes, but hitherto
the Colymbiformes have not been added, though a few taxono-
mists have noted their Alciform relationship. There can be
little argument as to the reality of this alliance, but the
Podicipes have no place here. There seems no real reason
for the common association of the Colymbi and Podicipes,
their morphology denying any near phylogenetic relation.
To follow the Colymbiformes we place the anomalous Chionidi-
formes, including therein the Dromadide and Chionidide.
Their Lari-Charadriiform character is fully proved by the
osteological and other features, which have been so fully
described recently.

The suborder Charadriiformes we have divided into six
superfamilies, the first being the Burhinoidea, for the family
Burhinide alone. This group recalls in many ways the
Lariform series, while it differs morphologically from the
Charadriiform s. str. series though not to such a degree as
some workers decide, the differential features being exag-
gerated and misunderstood.

The superfamily Scolopacoidea covers three families, Scolo-
pacide, Phalaropide and Recurvirostride. The first named
is certainly divisible into subfamilies, probably more than
three in number, and their interrelation is not yet determined.
The Phalaropidz seem to us to have developed independently
from three Scolopacoid forms, while the Recurvirostridz just
as surely appear to have arisen from the same basis through
specialisation in another manner. Arriving at the superfamily
Charadrioidea, we admit four families, Hematopodide,
Arenariide, Charadriide and Vanellide. The two _ first
families consist of small isolated groups, not very closely
related to each other or to the succeeding family, the Chara-
driide, which includes the bulk of the superfamily. More
than one subfamily will be recognised later in the Charadriide,
and from one section we can trace the Vanellide, which is

Nos.2 & 3.) THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 35

one of the best marked families of birds. Osteologically, the
members of the latter show a nearer approach to the Lariform
series than to their nearer allies in this system. By specialisa-
tion in two very opposite directions from the Vanelloid root
the superfamilies Jacanoidea and Glareoloidea have evolved,
and these complete the recent Charadriiformes. We include
as the last suborder the Otidiformes, but some systematists
have concluded these would be better placed in the Gruiform
assemblage. This is an item which requires great judgment,
and in this essay we follow immediately with the Order Psophii
or Grues, so that its location is agreeable to either view.

The Order Psophii is subdivided into three suborders,
Cariamiformes, Psophiiformes and Kurypygiformes, an asso-
ciation which is probably the least natural of all the group-
ings utilised.. This is a good example of the failure of the
ornithotomist to supply any solution when the superficial
student desires assistance. Probably a much more natural
sequence will be provided by a more thorough study of the
superficies of the birds, using the term in its widest sense.

As an order we admit Ralli, comprising three suborders,
Ralliformes, Heliornithiformes and Podicipiformes. The
Ralline character of the last named is evident from the fact
that ornithotomists have declared a difficulty in distinguishing
the skeletal features as regards the skulls of the smaller species.
As many morphological workers have combined the Grues
and Ralli into one group, our classification cannot be much
discussed, the association here allowed differing very little from
most other results—the introduction of the Podicipiformes,
which we have separated entirely from the Colymbiformes,
being the only novel item. We follow with the Order
Apteryges, a very distinct group which we consider is certainly
of Ralline affinity, and cannot be placed near the “ Ratite ”
for any reason. A consideration of their morphology denies
any “ Ratite” relationship, while admitting the heterogeneous
nature of that group. The Order Tinami succeeds, leading
to the Galli, the Tinami showing to us undoubted Galline
and Ralline relations, no “‘ Ratite”’ alliance being indicated.
As members of the Order Galli we indicate five suborders,

36 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Opisthocomiformes, Craciformes, Galliformes, Turniciformes
and Attagidiformes. Here, again, morphological study has
complicated the classification through the incompetence of
the workers to comprehend osteological and anatomical varia-
tion. Thus Opisthocomus is purely an old associate of the
Craciformes, and in any scheme whatever it must be placed
alongside. Similarly, the Turniciformes and Attagidiformes
are near relations of the Galliformes, having developed a little
in different directions, but certainly neither have the former
any close Ralline affinity nor the latter a Charadriine relationship.
To place the Attagidiformes with the Chionidiformes among
the Lari is a peculiarly unscientific proceeding, and every
morphological item denies this association. The suborder
Galliformes we have separated into two subfamilies, the
Megapodioidea and the Phasianoidea, the former with one
family only, the latter divisible into six families. Between
the Galli and the Columbe as usual appear the Syrrhaptes, and
the Columb include the Columbiformes and Raphiformes.
At this point there is a hiatus just as in every other system,
and we have been unable to bridge it, as next come the
Anates, which covers the Anatiformes and the Anhimiformes,
a combination which has been accepted for over fifty years
without question ; but still it may not be incontrovertible.
The Pheenicopteri must be regarded as of ordinal value, as
they combine a generalised Anatine form with many features
of Ardeine affinity. They constitute one of the best marked
groups, superficially and internally, and their relegation to
any other group in a subordinate degree would imply complete
ignorance of avian evolution. Their fossil remains confirm
their early divergence from the forms named. The next order,
Herodiones, has given trouble on account of the generalised
nature of the few species, and though we have simply recognised
six families, these have been given various rank up to ordinal,
and the chief trouble is that we know too much about their
morphology, and the characters vary in each form, so that
“* preconceived ideas ”’ as to the value of the items have been
destroyed. The succeeding order, Falcones, is a more trouble-
some one still, as here again specialisation has taken place on

Nos. 2 & 3.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 37

similar lines, and superficial likenesses are supposed to cover
divergent morphological structures. So far, anatomists have
been quite unable to determine the relationships of the groups,
and all classications are debatable. We admit two suborders,
Vulturiformes and Falconiformes, the latter divisible into two
superfamilies, Sagittarioidea and Falconoidea. Seven families
comprise the latter, but probably three divisions are here
represented. The relationship of the Striges to the Falcones
has been much disputed by the morphologist, who would
interpose the Psittaci, but as he would also amalgamate the
Cuculi with the Psittaci, we are not accepting that scheme.
We therefore add the Order Striges after the Falcones, admit-
ting the three families, Strigidz, Phodilide and Tytonide, and
then come to the Order Psittaci. This order is in a similar
state to the Falcones, all the forms entering one suborder with
six superfamilies, Strigopoidea, Psittacoidea, etc.; the suborder
being represented by sixteen families. As a separate order
we recognise the Cuculi, two superfamilies being admitted,
the true Cuculoidea covering four families, Cuculide, Eudy-
namytide, Scytbropidz and Polophilide. It is probable that
other families can be distinguished, as these are well marked
and just as easily characterised morphologically as they can
be superficially determined.

The disposition of the “ Coraciine ”’ birds is a problem which
dismays every taxonomist, though the sequence of the groups
is not much disputed. The value of the observed differences,
internal as well as external, cannot be correctly estimated in
terms of the preceding groupings. The Pico-Passeriformes
are together scarcely equal in value to one of the preceding
orders, but the number of species demands detailed segregation,
and we have no names for the groups to be distinguished.
Consequently we now appreciate a family to the equivalent
of an order, and the subdivisions are termed with the same
names downwards, but it must be borne in mind that these
are not equivalent. Remembering this all the time, we can
divide the “ Pico-Passerines”’ into seven “ orders.” The
Coracie comprises three superfamilies, the Podargoidea,
Coracioidea and Colioidea ; the former contains three families,

38 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

the Steatornithide, Podargide and Atgothelide. The next
order, the Halcyones, is divided into six superfamilies, Mero-
poidea, Todoidea, Momotoidea, Alcedinoidea, Bucerotoidea
and Upupoidea, the last named and the Alcedinoidea having
two families, and the remaining with only one. The order
Pici includes four superfamilies, Bucconoidea, Ramphastoidea,
Capitonoidea and Picoidea. As a separate order we allow the
Trogoni, while into the order Macrochires three suborders,
Caprimulgiformes, Micropodiformes and Trochiliformes are
amalgamated. We are inclined to agree that the last named
are not accurately located, but are unable to provide a better
disposition at present.

The order Menure here intervenes, and this we are convinced
is not its proper place, and would indicate this location as one
of the ornithotomists’ worst blunders. We hope to amend
this particular error at some later period.

The last order, Passeres, is the most compact, but neverthe-
less the most numerous in species, and consequently desiring
the most subdivision. As pointed out above, this “ order”
is practically the equivalent of a family, as that degree is
used, until we arrive at this complex, and that is the value
given it by ornithotomists attempting logically to subdivide
the Aves into groups of equal value.

In deference to the ornithotomists six superfamilies are
admitted, Eurylemoidea, Cotingoidea, Formicarioidea, Pitt-
oidea, Atrichornithoidea and Passeroidea, but a more arti-
ficial and unnatural grouping could not have been devised
by any ornithologist, as the basis of these superfamilies is
unsound. The association of a series of dissimilar birds on
account of the degradation of a single internal organ, espe-
cially as it is accompanied by geographical circumscription,
is just as unscientific as the conjunction of species, having
discontinuous range and distinctly different facies, also for
reason of one disused internal feature.

The superfamily Passeroidea has always been productive of
subdivision and the chief tendency at present is to separate
further. Without attempting to rectify or add much at this
time, we total nearly sixty families. It is very difficult to re-

Nos. 2 & 3.| THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 39

group these into a less number, though this is necessary, and
we conclude that only by means of utilising coloration can this
succeed. Again, coloration cannot be considered without study
of plumage changes, and recognition of variation in connection
with the evolution of coloration in different groups. This has
already been suggested in connection with the Turdide, but
only in a preliminary and vague manner. The pterylosis and
development of the feathering in the nestling of Passerines
must be studied, especial attention being given to convergence.
It is possible that by this means we could determine a more
or less acceptable linear sequence, which at present is non-
existent. Thus, the sequence given hereafter is based upon
the fact that the Corvide represent the highest degree, a very
debatable item. It may be suggested here that there can be
no family deserving of such distinction, as several families may
have developed equally, as in other groups, in different manners,
each of which would be equally representative of a high state
of development. Thus, one factor that has been put forward
is the uniform coloration of nestling and adult of both sexes ;
this can be seen evolving in one family alone, in which the
nestling to the male shows four plumage changes in one
species, and in another the intervening changes have lapsed
and the nestling takes on that of the adult almost in the first
plumage. Similarly, species with booted tarsi in the adult
show a scutellate acrotarsium in the nestling, and so forth.

In the preparation of this scheme we have provided our own
conclusions without deference to any previous authorities.
Upon completion we contrasted it in detail with the better
known propositions and have been surprised to see that the
bulk of the groups coincide, and consequently very little
objection can be made to the majority.

As to the fossil forms, we have not attempted to incorporate
these in this system, as the majority of them cannot be deter-
mined, and it is probable that most should be classed on a
distinct plane, as has been already suggested. ‘To quote even
their names and the location suggested by systematists would
occupy a lot of space without much benefit. It will be noted
that in this preliminary survey we have not introduced a mass

40 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

of technical terms relative to the morphology, the majority
of which are little understood even by the specialist, and
the comparative value of the ones utilised has never been
calculated.

To diagnose groups by means of such variable items as the
muscle formula, the presence or absence of basi-pterygoid
processes, the oil gland and the nature of the syrinx implies
the absence of any “‘ deep-seated ”’ characters, at least of any
stability. It is not our intention to disparage morphological
items, but to assert that such are not yet sufficiently under-
stood to be relied upon for the differentiation of groups, except
in a confirmatory manner. The external features, especially
the growth stages, must be fully appraised, and in doubtful
cases reference made to anatomical features.

As above noted, this is our first attempt at providing a work-
able classification of avine forms, and we hope that later we
may, utilising this as a basis, prepare a diagnostic complement,
as such is non-existent at the present time, and we have
been compelled to refer to much scattered (and contradictory)
literature, while little has been done in many directions.

Cuass AVES

Subclass Dromezeornithes

Order Struthiones
Suborder Struthioniformes
Family Struthionide
Order Rhez
Suborder Rheiformes
Family Rheide
Order Casuarii
Suborder Casuariiformes
Family Dromiceiide
Casuariidee

Subclass Impennes
Order Sphenisci
Suborder Sphenisciformes
Family Spheniscide
Aptenodytidee

Nos 2&3.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD

Subclass Euornithes
Order Procellarize or Tubinares
Suborder Procellariiformes
Superfamily Procellarioidea
Family Thalassidromide
Procellariidee
Pelecanoididee
Superfamily Diomedeoidea
Family Diomedeidee
Order Fregati
Suborder Fregatiformes
Family Fregatidee
Order Pelecani or Steganopodes
Suborder Pelecaniformes
Superfamily Phalacrocoracoidea
Family Phalacrocoracide
Anhingidz (=Plotide olim)
Superfamily Pelecanoidea
Family Pelecanide
Superfamily Suloidea
Family Sulide
Order Lari or Limicolez
Suborder Phaéthontiformes
Family Phaé hontidee
Suborder Lariformes
Family Sternide
Rynchopide
Laridee
Stercorariidee
Suborder Alciformes
Family Alcidee
Suborder Colymbiformes
Family Colymbide
Suborder Chionidiformes
Family Dromadide
Chionididee
Suborder Charadriiformes
Superfamily Burhinoidea
Family Burhinide (—(idicnemide olim)

42 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Superfamily Scolopacoidea
Family Rostratulidee
Scolopacidee
Phalaropidee
Recurvirostride
Superfamily Charadrioidea
Family Hematopodide
Arenariide
Charadriidee
Vanellidee
Superfamily Jacanoidea
Family Jacanide (=Parride olim)
Superfamily Glareoloidea
Family Glareolidee
Suborder Otidiformes
Family Otidide
Order Psophii or Grues
Suborder Cariamiformes
Family Cariamide
Suborder Psophiiformes
Family Psophiidee
Balearicide (—Gruide olim)
Suborder Eurypygiformes
Superfamily Eurypygoidea
Family Kurypygide
Superfamily Rhinochetoidea
Family Rhinochetide
Superfamily Mesitoidea
Family Mesitidee
Order Ralli
Suborder Ralliformes
Family Rallidee
Gallinulidee
Fulicidee
Suborder Heliornithiformes
Family Heliornithide
Suborder Podicipiformes
Family Podicipide

Nos. 2 & 3.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD

Order Apteryges
Suborder Apterygiformes
Family Apterygide
Order Tinami
Suborder Tinamiformes
Family Tinamidee
Order Galli
Suborder Opisthocomiformes
Family Opisthocomide
Suborder Craciformes
Family Cracidee
Suborder Galliformes
Superfamily Megapodioidea
Family Megapodiidee
Superfamily Phasianoidea
Family Meleagridide
Numididee
Tetraonidee
Phasianidee
Perdicide
Odontophoridee
Suborder Turniciformes
Family Turnicide
Pedionomidee
Suborder Attagidiformes
Family Attagide
Thinocoridee
Order Syrrhaptes
Suborder Syrrhaptiformes
Family Syrrhaptide
Order Columbee
Suborder Columbiformes
Family Columbidee
Turturide (=Peristeride olim)
Treronidze
Microgouridee
Gouridee
Didunculidee

44 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD __. [Vol. IV.

Suborder Raphiformes
Family Raphidee
Order Anates or Chenomorphe
Suborder Anatiformes
Family Cereopsidee
Plectropteridee
Anseranatidee
Anatidee
Suborder Anhimiformes
Family Anhimide (=—Palamedeide olim)
Order Pheenicopteri or Amphimorphe
Suborder Phcenicopteriformes
Family Phcenicopteride
Order Herodiones
Suborder Ardeiformes
Family Ardeidee

Scopidee

Ciconidee

Baleenicipitidee

Plegadide (=TIbidide olim)
Plataleidee

Order Falcones
Suborder Vulturiformes
Family Vulturide (=Cathartide olim)
Suborder Falconiformes
Superfamily Sagittarioidea
Family Sagittariide (—Serpentariide olim)
Superfamily Falconoidea
Family Polyboride

Herpetotheridee

Micrasturide

Aigypiide (=Vulturide olim)
Falconidze

Aquilide (=Buteonide olim)
Pandionidee

Order Striges
Suborder Strigiformes
Family Strigide (=Bubonide olim)

Nos.2&3.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD

Family Phodilidee
Tytonide (=Strigide olim)
Order Psittaci
Suborder Psittaciformes
Superfamily Strigopoidea
Family Strigopide
Superfamily Psittaculoidea
Family Pezoporidee
Platycercidee
Polytelitidee

Psittaculida (=Paleornithide olim)

Leptolophide
Superfamily Psittacoidea
Family Psittacide
Loriide
Nestoridee
Amazonide
Superfamily Aroidea
Family Aridee
Superfamily Kakatoéoidea
Family Kakatoéidee
Probiscigeridee
Superfamily Trichoglossoidea
Family Nasiternidee
Opopsittidze
Trichoglossidee
Order Cuculi
Suborder Cuculiformes
Superfamily Cuculoidea
Family Cuculidee
Eudynamytidee
Scythropidee
Polophilidee
Superfamily Musophagoidea
Family Musophagide
Order Coracize
Suberder Coraciiformes
Superfamily Podargoidea

45

46 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol.

Family Steatornithide
Podargidee
Egothelide
Superfamily Coracioidea
Family Coraciide
Leptosomatidee
Superfamily Colioidea
Family Coliide
Order Halcyones
Suborder Alcediniformes
Superfamily Meropoidea
Family Meropide
Superfamily Todoidea
Family Todidee
Superfamily Momotoidea
Family Momotidee
Superfamily Alcedinoidea
Family Alcedinide
Dacelonidee
Superfamily Bucerotoidea
Family Bucerotidee
Superfamily Upupoidea
Family Upupidee
Pheeniculide =TIrrisoride olim
Order Pici
Suborder Piciformes
Superfamily Bucconoidea
Family Bucconidee
Galbulidee
Superfamily Ramphastoidea
Family Ramphastide
Superfamily Capitonoidea
Family Capitonidz
Indicatoridee
Superfamily Picoidea
Family Picidee
Tyngidee

IV.

Nos. 2 & 3.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD

Order Trogoni
Suborder Trogoniformes
Family Trogonide
Order Macrochires
Suborder Caprimulgiformes
Family Caprimulgidee
Chordeilidee
Nyctibiidee
Suborder Micropodiformes
Family Micropodide
Hemiprocnide
Suborder Trochiliformes
Family Trochilidee
Order Menurze
Suborder Menuriformes
Family Menuride
Order Passeres
Suborder Passeriformes
Superfamily Eurylemoidea
Family Eurylemide
Superfamily Cotingoidea
Family Cotingidee
Phytotomidee
Pipridze
Oxyruncidee
Tyrannidee
Superfamily Formicarioidea
Family Formicariide
Furnariidee
Xenopidee
Dendrocolaptide
Synallaxidee
Pteroptochidze
Conopophagide
Superfamily Pittoidea
Family Pittidee
Philepittidee
Acanthisittidee
Xenicidee

47

THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD . [Vol. IV.

Superfamily Atrichornithoidea
Family Atrichornithide
Superfamily Passeroidea

Family Hirundinide, Muscicapide, Campo-
phagide, Sphecotheride, Turnagride.
Pycnonotide, Irenide, Turdoidide,
Orthonycidee (=Timeliide olim pt.).
Bowdleriide, Troglodytide, Cinclide,
Mimidee, Zeledoniide, Turdidz, Sylvide
(inc. Regulide ), Vireonide, Ptilogonatide,
Dulide, Bombycillide = Ampelide olim,
Artamide, Vangide, Prionopide, Aéro-
charide, Cracticide, Falcunculide, Lani-
ide, Tylidee, Paride, Chameidz, Spheno-
stomide, Sittide, Certhiide, Zosterop-
ide, Pardalotide, Diceide, Nectariniide,
Promeropide, Meliphagide, Mniotiltide,
(= Compsothlypide Oberholser) Drep-
anide, Motacillide, Alaudide, Catambly-
rhynchide, Fringillide, Coerebide,
Terside = Procniatide olim, Tangaride
= Tanagride olim, Ploceide, Icteride,
Heteralochide, Creadiontide, Sturnide,
Graculide = Eulabetide olim, Paramy-
thiide, Buphagide, Oriolide, Dicruride,
Paradiseidz, Ptilonorhynchide, Calleea-
did, Corvidee

Nos. 2&3.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 49

A NAME-LIST OF THE BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND.
By Gregory M. MatHews AND Tom I[REDALE.

WE provided in the Ibis for 1913 a Reference List, and in that
List we rejected the Brissonian genera; those genera have
since been recognised as valid by the International Commission
on Zoological Nomenclature. We utilise them here, though
pointing out that their recognition has recently been again
questioned. In that List also the classification was arranged
according to Sharpe’s Hand List, and we now take the oppor-
tunity of correcting the former effort, while rearranging the
groups in accordance with our preceding essay.

We have included all the visiting species, as there is a lot of
work to be done in this connection, and place against those
which have only occurred three times or less an asterisk to
attract attention, but we have not starred any Petrels.

We are preparing a Handbook, dealing systematically with
all the species, and we will include details of the higher groups
in plain language, accompanied by good figures elucidating the
differential points. Upon calculation we find that 211 species
names are included in the List, and of these no fewer than
thirty-six have only occurred three times or less. In addition,
a minority, but still an appreciable number, only breed on the
subtropical and sub-antarctic outliers of the Dominion, while
again only thirty-two Passeriform species are included, of
which four are island forms. These figures are given simply
to show the extraordinary lack of bird-life, which has for its
only compensation the peculiar nature of the existing forms.

Crass AVES
Subclass Impennes
Order Sphenisci
Suborder Sphenisciformes
Family Spheniscide. Thick-billed Penguins

Eudyptula minor (Forster 1781, Aptenodytes)

Little Blue Penguin
Eudyptula albosignata Finsch, 1874

Silver Penguin

50 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV

Eudyptes pachyrhynchus Gray 1845
Victoria Penguin
Hudyptes sclatert Buller 1888
Big-crested Penguin
Eudyptes serresianus (Oustalet 1878, Hudyptula)
Tufted Penguin
Kudyptes schlegeli Finsch 1876
Macaroni Penguin
Megady ptes antipodes (Hombron & Jacquinot 1841, Catarrhactes)
Yellow-crowned Penguin
Family Aptenodytide. Thin-billed Penguins
Pygoscelis papua (Forster 1781, Aptenodytes)
Rock-Hopper
Aptenodytes patagonica Miller 1778
King Penguin

Subclass Euornithes

Order Procellarize or Tubinares
Suborder Procellariiformes
Superfamily Procellarioidea
Family Thalassidromide. Storm-Petrels
Oceanites oceanicus (Kuhl 1820, Procellaria)
Yellow-webbed Storm-Petrel
Garrodia nereis (Gould 1841, Thalassidroma)
Grey-backed Storm-Petrel
Pealea lineata (Peale 1848, T'halassidroma)
Samoan Storm-Petrel
Pelagodroma marina (Latham 1790, Procellaria)
White-faced Storm-Petrel
Fregetta tropica (Gould 1844, Thalassidroma)
Black-bellied Storm-Petrel
Family Procellariide. Shearwaters and Petrels
Puffinus assimilis Gould 1838
Allied Shearwater
Reinholdia reinholdi (Mathews 1912, Puffinus)
Brown-backed Shearwater
Thyellodroma bulleri (Salvin 1888, Puffinus)
Ashy-backed Shearwater

Nos. 2 & 3.]| THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 51

Thyellodroma pacifica (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria)
Wedge-tailed Shearwater

Neonectris griseus (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria)
Sooty Shearwater or Mutton Bird

Neonectris tenuirosiris (Temm. & Laug. 1835, Procellaria)
Short-tailed Shearwater

Hemipuffinus carneipes (Gould 1844, Puffinus)
Fleshy-footed Shearwater

Procellaria parkinsont Gray 1862
Black Peitrel

Procellaria cequinoctialis Linné 1758
White-chinned Petrel

Adamastor cinereus (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria)
Brown Petrel

Priocella antarctica (Stephens 1826, Fulmarus)
Silver-Grey Petrel

Pterodroma macroptera (Smith 1840, Procellaria)
Grey-faced Petrel

Pterodroma neglecta (Schlegel 1863, Procellaria)
Kermadec Petrel __

Pterodroma externa (Salvin 1875, Oestrelata)
Sunday Island Petrel

Pterodroma inexpectata (Forster 1844, Procellaria)
Mottled Petrel

Pterodroma oliveri (Mathews and Iredale 1914, Mstrelata)
Small-billed Petrel

Aistrelata lessonit (Garnot 1826, Procellaria) |
White-headed Petrel

Cookilaria cookii (Gray 1843, Procellaria)
White-winged Petrel

Petrella capensis (Linné 1758, Procellaria)
Spotted Petrel

Thalassoica antarctica (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria)
Antarctic Petrel

Halobena cerulea (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria)
Blue Petrel

Heteroprion belcheri Mathews 1912.
Thin-billed Prion

52 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD

Heteroprion desolatus (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria)
Dove Prion

Pseudoprion turtur (Kuhl 1820, Procellaria)
Fairy Prion

Pachyptila vittata (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria)
Broad-billed Prion

Macronectes giganteus (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria)
Giant Petrel

Family Pelecanoidide. Diving Petrels

Pelecanoides urinatrix (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria)

Diving Petrel
Superfamily Diomedeoidea

Family Diomedeide. Albatrosses

Phebetria fusca (Hilsenberg 1822, Diomedea)
Sooty Albatross

Phebetria palpebrata (Forster 1785, Diomedea)
Light-mantled Sooty Albatross

Thalassarche melanophris (Temm. & Laug. 1828, Diomedea)

Black-browed Mollymawk
Thalassarche bulleri (Rothschild 1893, Diomedea)
Snares Island Mollymawk
Thalassarche chrysostoma (Forster 1785, Diomedea)
Flat-billed Mollymawk

[ Vol

Thalassarche chlororhynchus (Gmelin 1789, Diomedea)

Yellow-nosed Mollymawk
Diomedella cauta (Gould 1841, Diomedea)
Bounty Island Mollymawk
Diomedea exulans Linné 1758
Wandering Albatross
Diomedea epomophora Lesson 1825
Royal Albatross
Diomedea chionoptera Salvin 1896
Snowy Albatross

Order Fregati
Suborder Fregatiformes
Family Fregatide. Frigate Birds
*Fregata minor (Gmelin 1789, Pelecanus)
Frigate Bird

IV.

Nos. 2 & 3.]| THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 53

*Fregata ariel (Gray 1845, Atagen)
Lesser Frigate Bird

Order Pelecani
Suborder Pelecaniformes
Superfamily Phalacrocoracoidea
Family Phalacrocoracide. Cormorants or Shags
Hypoleucus varius (Gmelin 1789, Pelecanus)
Pied Shag
Hypoleucus carunculatus (Gmelin 1789, Pelecanus)
Rough-faced Shag
Hypoleucus campbelli (Filhol 1878, Urile)
Campbell Island Shag
Hypoleucus chalconotus (Gray 1845, Graculus)
Bronze Shag
Stictocarbo punctatus (Sparrman 1786, Pelecanus)
Spotted Shag
Stictocarbo featherstoni (Buller 1873, Phalacrocor x)
Chatham Islands Shag
Mesocarbo ater (Lesson 1831, Carbo)
Little Black Shag
Microcarbo brevirostris (Gould 1837, Phalacrocorax)
White-throated Shag
Phalacrocorax carbo (Linné 1758, Pelecanus)
Black Shag
Family Anhingide. Darters
*Anhinga novehollandice (Gould 1847, Plotus)
Australian Darter
Superfamily Pelecanoidea
Family Pelecanide. Pelicans
*Catoptropelicanus consprcillatus (Temm. & Laug. 1824,
Pelecanus)
Australian Pelican
Superfamily Suloidea
Family Sulide. Gannets
*Sula leucogaster (Boddaert 1783, Pelecanus)
Brown Gannet
Parasula dactylatra (Lesson 1831, Sula)
Masked Gannet

54 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD

Sulita serrator (Gray 1845, Sula)
Gannet

Order Lari
Suborder Phaéthontiformes
Family Phaéthontide. Tropic Birds
Sceophaéthon rubricauda (Boddaert 1783, Phaéton)
Red-tailed Tropic Bird
Suborder Lariformes
Family Sternide. Terns and Noddies
*Chlidonias leucoptera (Temminck 1815, Sterna)
White-winged Tern
Chlidonias albistriata (Gray 1845, Hydrochelidon)
Black-fronted Tern
Sterna striata Gmelin 1789
White-fronted Tern
Sterna vittata Gmelin 1789
Sub-antaretic Tern
Sternula nereis Gould 1843
Fairy Tern
*Thalasseus bergw (Lichtenstein 1823, Sterna)
Crested Tern
Hydroprogne caspia (Pallas 1770, Sterna)
Caspian Tern
Onychoprion fuscatus (Linné 1766, Sterna)
Sooty Tern
Procelsterna cerulea (Bennett 1840, Sterna)
Little Grey Noddy
Megalopterus minutus (Boie 1844, Anous)
White-capped Noddy
*Anous stolidus (Linné 1758, Sterna)
Noddy
Leucanous albus (Sparrman 1786, Sterna)
White Tern
Family Laride. Gulls
Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein 1823
Black-backed Gull
Bruchigavia novehollandie (Stephens 1826, Larus)
Red-billed Gull

[Vol. IV.

Nos.2 & 3.; THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 55

Bruchigavia melanorhyncha Buller 1869
Black-billed Guill
Family Stercorariide. Skuas
Catharacta lonnbergi Mathews 1912
Great Skua
*Catharacta maccormicki (Saunders 1893, Stercorarius)
. South Polar Skua
*Stercorarius parasiticus (Linné 1758, Larus)
Arctic Skua

Suborder Charadriiformes
Superfamily Scolopacoidea
Family Scolopacidz. Snipe, Sandpipers, etc.

Cenocorypha aucklandica (Gray 1845, Gallinago) -
Semi-W oodcock

*Ditelmatias hardwickii (Gray 1831, Scolopax)
Australian Snipe

Canutus canutus (Linné 1758, Tringa)
Knot

*Hrolia ferruginea (Brunnich 1764, Tringa)
Curlew Sandpiper

LIimnocinclus acuminatus (Horsfield 1821, Totanus)
Sharp-tailed Stint

*Pisobia ruficollis (Pallas 1776, Trynga)
Red-necked Stint

*Glottis nebularius (Gunnerus 1767, Scolopax)
Greenshank

*Heteractitis incanus (Gmelin 1789, Scolopax)
Grey Sandpiper

Vetola lapponica (Linné 1758, Scolopax)
Godwit

*Vetola hemastica (Linné 1758, Scolopaa)
American Godwit

* Mesoscolopax minutus (Gould 1841, Nwmenius)
Little Whimbrel

* Pheopus pheopus (Linné 1758, Scolopax)
Australian Whimbrel

56 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Numenius cyanopus Vieillot 1817
Australian Curlew
Family Phalaropide. Phalaropes
*Phalaropus fulicarius (Linné 1758, Tringa)
Grey Phalarope
Family Recurvirostride. Avocets and Stilts
Himantopus leucocephalus Gould 1837.
Stilt.
Himantopus novezealandic: Gould 1841
; Black Stilt
*Recurvirostra novehollandic Vieillot 1816
Red-necked Avocet
Superfamily Charadrioidea
Family Hematopodide. Oystercatchers
Hematopus ostralegus Linné 1758
Oystercatcher
Hamatopus unicolor Forster 1844
Black Oystercatcher
Family Arenariide. Turnstones
Arenaria interpres (Linné 1758, Tringa)
Turnstone
Family Charadriide. Plovers
Pluvialis dominicus (Miller 1776, Charadrius)
Lesser Golden Plover
Pluviorhynchus obscurus (Gmelin 1789, Charadrius)
Dotterel
Cirrepidesmus bicinctus (Jardine & Selby 1827, Charadrius)
Double-banded Dotterel
*Leucopolius ruficapillus (Temm. & Laug. 1821, Charadrius)
Red-capped Dotterel
Anarhynchus frontalis Quoy and Gaimard 1830
Wry-billed Plover
*Hupodella vereda (Gould 1848, Charadrius)
Oriental Dotterel
Thinornis noveseelandice (Gmelin 1789, Charadrius)
Shore Plover
Family Vanellide. Wattled Plovers

Nos.2 & 3.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD

*Lobibyx novehollandie (Stephens 1819, Vanellus)
Spur-winged Plover
Superfamily Glareoloidea
Family Glareolide. Pratincoles and Coursers
*Stiltia isabella (Vieillot 1816, Glareola)
Australian Pratincole

Order Ralli.

Suborder Ralliformes
Family Rallide. Rails
Rallus muellerti Rothschild 1893
Auckland Islands Rail
Cabalus modestus (Hutton 1872, Rallus)
Little Chatham Islands Rail
Hypotenidia philippensis (Linné 1766, Rallus)
Buff-banded Rail
Nesolimnas dieffenbachit (Gray 1843, Rallus)
Chatham Islands Rail
Gallirallus australis (Sparrman 1786, Rallus)
Brown Woodhen
Gallirallus brachypterus Lafresnaye 1841
Black Woodhen
Gallirallus hectori (Hutton 1874, Ocydromus)
Woodhen or Weka
*Orex crex (Linné 1758, Rallus)
Corncrake
Zapornia pusilla (Pallas 1776, Rallus)
Marsh Rail.
Porzanoidea plumbea (Griffith and Pidgeon “ 1829,” Crex)
Swamp Rail
Family Gallinulide. Gallinules
Porphyrio melanotus Temminck 1820
Swamp Hen
Mantellornis hochstetterc (Meyer 1883, Notornis)
Takahe
Family Fulicide. Coots
*Fulica atra Linné 1758
Coot

58 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Suborder Podicipiformes _
Family Podicipide. Grebes
Podiceps cristatus (Linné 1758, Colymbus)
Great Crested Grebe
Poliocephalus rufopectus (Gray 1843, Podiceps)
Dabchick

Order Apteryges

Suborder Apterygiformes
Family Apterygide. Kiwis

Apteryx australis Shaw and Nodder 1813

Kiwi
Apteryx owenii Gould 1847

Little Grey Kiwi
Apteryx haastii Potts 1872

Great Grey Kiwi

Order Galli

Suborder Galliformes
Superfamily Phasianoidea
Family Perdicide. Partridges and Quails
Coturnix novezealandice Quoy and Gaimard 1830
Quail

Order Columbi

Suborder Columbiformes
Family Treronide. Fruit Pigeons
Hemiphaga noveseelandie (Gmelin 1789, Columba)
Pigeon
Hemiphaga chathamensis (Rothschild 1891, Carpophaga)
Chatham Islands Pigeon

Order Anates

Suborder Anatiformes
Family Anatide. Ducks and Geese
Ctenanas eytoni (Kyton 1838, Leptotarsis)
Whistling Duck
Casarca variegata (Gmelin 1789, Anas)
Paradise Duck

Nos.2 & 3.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 59

Anas superciliosa Gmelin 1789
Grey Duck
Virago gibberifrons (Miller 1842, Anas)
Grey Teal
Virago castanea (Eyton 1838, Mareca)
Green-headed Teal
Elasmonetta chlorotis (Gray 1845, Anas)
Brown Duck
Nesonetta aucklandica Gray 1844
Auckland Islands Duck
Spatula rhynchotis (Latham 1801, Anas)
Shoveler
Hymenolaimus malacorhynchus (Gmelin 1789, Anas)
Mountain Duck 7
Nyroca australis Eyton 1838
White-eyed Duck
Fuligula noveseelandie (Gmelin 1789, Anas)
Scaup
Promergus australis (Hombron & Jacquinot 1841, Mergus)
Auckland Islands Merganser

Order Herodiones
Suborder Ardeiformes
Family Ardeide. Herons and Bitterns
*Ardea cinerea Linné 1758
Grey Heron
Notophoyx novehollandic (Latham 1790, Ardea)
White-fronted Heron
Casmerodius albus (Linné 1758, Ardea)
Great White Heron
Denugretta matook (Vieillot 1817, Ardea)
Blue Heron
*Nycticorax caledonicus (Gmelin 1789, Ardea)
Night Heron
Ixobrychus minutus (Linné 1766, Ardea)
Little Bittern
Botaurus poiciloptilus (Wagler 1827, Ardea)
Black-backed Bittern
Family Plegadide. Ibises

60 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

*Plegadis falcinellus (Linné 1766, Tantalus)
Glossy Ibis
Family Plataleidz. Spoonbills
*Spatherodia regia (Gould 1838, Platalea)
Royal Spoonbill

Order Falcones

Suborder Falconiformes
Superfamily Falconoidea
Family Falconide. Falcons
Nesierax novehollandie (Gmelin 1788, Falco)
Quail Hawk
Nesierax pottsi Mathews and Iredale 1913
Bush Hawk
*Cerchneis cenchroides (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Falco)
Nankeen Kestrel
Family Aquilide. Eagles, Harriers, etc.
Circus approximans Peale 1848
Harrier

Order Striges

Suborder Strigiformes
Family Strigide. Wood-Owls, etc.
Spiloglaux noveseelandie (Gmelin 1788, Strix)
_ Morepork
Sceloglaux albifacies (Gray 1844, Athene)
Laughing Owl

Order Psittaci

Suborder Psittaciformes
Superfamily Strigopoidea
Family Strigopide. Owl-Parrots
Strigops habroptilus Gray 1845
Kakapo
Superfamily Psittaculoidea
Family Platycercide. Broad-tailed Parrakeets
Cyanoramphus novezelandie (Sparrman 1787, Psittacus)
Red-fronted Parrakeet

Nos.2 & 3.]| THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD

Cyanoramphus unicolor (Lear 1831, Platycercus)
Antipodes Island Parrakeet
Cyanoramphus auriceps (Kuhl 1820, Psittacus)
Yellow-fronted Parrakeet
Cyanoramphus malherbi Souancé 1857
Orange-fronted Parrakeet
Superfamily Psittacoidea
Family Nestoride. Kakas and Keas
Nestor meridionalis (Gmelin 1788, Psittacus)
Kaka
Nestor notabilis Gould 1856
Kea

Order Cuculi

Suborder Cuculiformes
Superfamily Cuculoidea
Family Cuculide. Cuckoos
*Cuculus optatus Gould
Oriental Cuckoo
Lamprococcyx lucidus (Gmelin 1788, Cuculus)
Shining Cuckoo
Family EKudynamytide. Koels
Urodynamis taitensis (Sparrman 1787, Cuculus)
Long-tailed Cuckoo

Order Coraciz
Suborder Coraciiformes
Superfamily Coracoidea
Family Coraciide. Rollers.
Eurystomus orientalis (Linné 1766, Coracias)
Roller

Order Halcyones

Suborder Alcediniformes
Superfamily Alcedinoidea
Family Dacelonide. Wood-Kingfishers.
Sauropatis sanctus (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Halcyon)
Kingfisher

62 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV

Order Macrochires

Suborder Micropodiformes
Family Micropodide. Swifts
*Micropus pacificus (Latham 1801, Hirundo)
White-rumped Swit
*Hivundapus caudacutus (Latham 1801, Hirwndo)
Spine-tailed Swift

Order Passeres

Suborder Passeriformes
Superfamily Pittoidea
Family Acanthisittide. Rifleman
Acanthisitta chloris (Sparrman 1787, Sztta)
Rifleman
Family Xenicide. Island Wrens
Traversia lyalli Rothschild 1894
Stephens Island Wren
Xenicus longipes (Gmelin 1789, Motacilla)
Bush Wren
Xenicus gilviventris Pelzeln 1867
Rock Wren
Superfamily Passeroidea
Family Hirundinide. Swallows
Hylochelidon nigricans (Vieillot 1817, Hirundo)
Australian Tree-Swallow
Family Muscicapide. Flycatchers, etc.
Myiomoira macrocephala (Gmelin 1789, Parus)
South Island Tomtit
Myiomoira toitot (Lesson 1828, Muscicapa)
North Island Tomtit
Nesomiro traversi (Buller 1872, Miro)
Black Robin
Nesomiro danneferdi (Rothschild 1894, Muro)
Snares Island Black Robin.
Miro australis (Sparrman 1788, T'urdus)
Robin
Maorigerygone igata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1830, Curruca)
Grey Warbler

Nos. 2 &3.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 63

Hapolorhynchus albofrontatus (Gray 1844, Gerygone ?)
: Chatham Islands Warbler
Rhipidura flabellifera (Gmelin 1789, Muscicapa)
Pied Fantail
Rhipidura fuliginosa (Sparrman 1787, Muscicapa)
Black Fantail
Family Campophagide. Cuckoo-Shrikes
*Graucalus robustus (Latham 1801, Lanius)
Little Cuckoo-Shrike
Family Turnagride. Island Thrushes
Turnagra tanagra (Schlegel 1865, Otagon)
North Island Thrush
Turnagra capensis (Sparrman 1787, Tanagra)
South Island Thrush
Family Bowdleriide. Fern Birds
Bowdleria punctata (Quoy and Gaimard 1830, Synallaxis)
Fern Bird
Bowdleria rufescens (Buller 1869, Sphenwacus)
Chatham Islands Fern Bird
Family Paride. Tits, ete.
Mohoua ochrocephala (Gmelin 1789, Muscicapa)
Yellowhead
Certhiparus albicilla (Lesson 1830, Fringilla)
Whitehead
Finschia noveseeclandie (Gmelin, 1789, Parus)
Creeper
Family Zosteropide. White-eyes
Zosterops lateralis (Latham 1801)
Silver Hye
Family Meliphagide. Honey-eaters
Anthornis melanura (Sparrman 1786, Certhia)
Bell Bird
Notiomystis cincta (Du Bus 1839, Meliphaga)
Stitch Bird
Prosthemadera noveseelandie (Gmelin 1788, Merops)
Tui

64 - THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD

*Coleia carunculata (Latham 1790, Merops)
Yellow Wattle-Bird
Family Motacillide. Wagtails and Pipits
Austranthus noveseelandic (Gmelin 1789, Alauda)
Ground Lark
Family Heteralochide. Huias
Heteralocha acutirostris (Gould 1837, Neomorpha)
Huia
Family Creadiontide. Saddle Backs
Creadion carunculatus (Gmelin 1789, Sturnus)
Saddle Back
Family Calleadide. Wattled Crows
Calleeas cinerea (Gmelin 1789, Glaucopis)
Orange-wattled Crow
Calleas wilsont (Bonaparte 1851, Glaucopis)
Blue-wattled Crow

[Vol. IV.

Nos. 2 & 3.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 65

A NAME-LIST OF THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA.
By Grecory M. MatHews AnD Tom I[REDALE.

In view of the preparation of a Manual of Australian Birds,
we have reconsidered the higher classification of birds, and
have put forth, in the preceding essay, our first attempt to
improve upon the existing schemes as a basis for future work.
We hope to make emendations as our knowledge advances,
and once again state that we have no prejudices nor precon-
ceived notions to obscure our judgment. At the present time,
through the elimination of a majority of nomenclatural ques-
tions, we are able to ascend to the study of the higher group-
ings, and we suggest this is a most important matter to the
younger school of Australian ornithologists. In every single
order there are anomalous forms demanding investigation,
and in the Passeriform birds nearly every genus presents
some peculiar aspect suggesting critical examination.

This List has been prepared as a simple guide to the species
of Australian birds, with their technical names, according to
the latest determinations. The date of description follows
the author’s name, and the original genus in which the species
was placed by the describer is given, thus providing an easy
clue to the original description.

In the Check List of the Birds of Australia recently pub-
lished in connection with the Birds of Australia by Mathews
a complete and original synonymy, generic and specific,
has been displayed, such as exists for students in no other,
country save Australia. We refer students to this for any
additional information.

We have included in this List the stragglers of which less
than three occurrences are on record, but have marked these
with an asterisk. It is not necessary to emphasise the fact
that a good look-out should be kept for strangers, as it is
possible that these items simply indicate the fact that these
occur perhaps irregularly, perhaps regularly, in out of the
way places.

66 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD © [Vol. IV.

Crass AVES

Subclass Dromeornithes
Order Casuarii or Megistanes
Suborder Casuariiformes
Family Dromiceiide. Emus
Dromiceius noveehollandie (Latham 1790, Casuarvus)
Emu
Peronista peroni (Rothschild 1907, Dromazus)
Dwarf Emu
Family Casuariide. Cassowaries
Casuarius casuarius (Linné 1758, Struthio)
Cassowary

Subclass Impennes
Order Sphenisci
Suborder Sphenisciformes
Family Spheniscide. Thick-billed Penguins
Eudyptula minor (Forster 1781, Aptenodytes)
Fairy Penguin
Eudyptes pachyrhynchus Gray 1845
Big-crested Penguin
Eudyptes serresianus (Oustalet 1878, Hudyptula)
Family Aptenodytide. Thin-billed Penguins
Hudyptes schlegeli Finch 1876
Macaroni Penguin
*Aptenodytes patagonica Miller 1778
King Penguin
Subclass Euornithes
Order Procellariz or Tubinares
Suborder Procellariiformes
Superfamily Procellarioidea
Family Thalassidromide. Storm-Petrels
Oceanites oceanicus (Kuhl 1820, Procellaria)
Yellow-webbed Storm-Petrel
Garrodia nereis (Gould 1841, Thalassidroma)
Grey-backed Storm-Petrel
Pelagodroma marina (Latham 1790, Procellaria)
White-faced Storm-Petrel

Nos. 2 & 3.| THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 67

*Fregetta tropica (Gould 1844, Thalassidroma)
Black-bellied Storm-Petrel

*Fregetia tubulata Mathews 1912
White-bellied Storm-Petrel

Family Procellariide. Shearwaters and Fulmars

Puffinus assimilis Gould 1838
Allied Shearwater

Reinholdia reinholdi (Mathews 1912, Puffinus)

_ Fluttering Shearwater

Thyellodroma pacifica (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria)
Wedge-tailed Shearwater

Neonectris griseus (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria)
Sombre Shearwater

Neonectris tenuirostris (Temm. & Laug. 1835, Procellaria)

. Short-tailed Shearwater

Hemipuffinus carneipes (Gould 1844, Puffinus)
Fleshy-footed Shearwater

*Procellaria parkinsont Gray 1862
Black Petrel

* Adamastor cinereus (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria)
Brown Petrel |

Priocella antarctica (Stephens 1826, Fulmarus)
Silver-Grey Petrel

Pterodroma macroptera (Smith 1840, Procellaria)
Grey-faced Petrel

*Pterodroma melunopus (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria)
Brown-headed Petrel

* Pterodroma inexpectata (Forster 1844, Procellaria)
Mottled Petrel

*Pterodroma mollis (Gould 1844, Procellaria)
Soft-plumaged Petrel

Aistrelata lessonit (Garnot 1826, Procellaria)
White-headed Petrel

Cookilaria cookii (Gray 1843, Procellaria)
White-winged Petrel

Petrella capensis (Linné 1758, Procellaria)
Spotted Petrel

68 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Halobena cerulea (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria)
Blue Petrel
Heteroprion belcheri Mathews 1912
Thin-billed Prion
Heteroprion desolatus (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria)
Dove Prion
Pseudoprion turtur (Kuhl 1820, Procellaria)
Fairy Prion
Pachyptila vittata (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria)
Broad-billed Prion
Macronectes giganteus (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria)
Giant Petrel
Family Pelecanoidide. Diving Petrels
Pelecanoides urinatrix (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria)
Diving Petrel =
Superfamily Diomedeoidea
Family Diomedeide. Albatrosses
*Phebetria fusca (Hilsenberg 1822, Diomedec)
Sooty Albatross
Thalassarche melanophrys (Temm. & Laug. 1828, Diomedea)
Black-browed Mollymawk
*Thalassarche chrysostoma (Forster 1785, Deron
Grey-headed Mollymawk
Thalassarche chlororhynchus (Gmelin 1789, Diomedea )
Yellow-nosed Mollymawk
Diomedella cauta (Gould 1841, Diomedea)
White-capped Albatross
Diomedea exulans Linné 1758
Wandering Albatross
*Diomedea chionoptera Salvin 1896
Snowy Albatross
Order Fregati
Suborder Fregatitormes
Family Fregatide. Frigate Birds
*Fregata minor (Gmelin 1789, Pelecanus)
Frigate Bird
Fregata ariel (Gray 1845, Atagen)
Lesser Frigate Bird

Nos. 2 & 3.| THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
& :
Order Pelecani
Suborder Pelecaniformes
Superfamily Phalacrocoracoidea
Family Phalacrocoracide. Cormorants or Shags
Hypoleucus perthi Mathews
Pied Cormorant
Hypoleucus fuscescens (Vieillot 1817, Hydrocorax)
Black-faced Cormorant
Mesocarbo ater (Lesson 1831, Carbo)
Little Black Cormorant
Microcarbo melanoleucus (Vieillot 1817, Hydrocorax)
Little Cormorant
Phalacrocorax carbo (Linné 1758, Pelecanus)
Black Cormorant
Family Anhingide. Darters
Anhinga novehollandice (Gould 1847, Plotus)
Darter

Superfamily Pelecanoidea
Family Pelecanide. Pelicans
Catoptropelicanus conspicillatus (Temm. & Laug. 1824.
Pelecanus)
Pelican

Superfamily Suloidea
Family Sulide. Gannets
Sula leucogaster (Boddaert 1783, Pelecanus)
Brown Gannet (Booby)
Piscatrix sula (Linné 1766, Pelecanus)
Red-legged Gannet
Parasula dactylatra (Lesson 1831, Sula)
Masked Gannet
Sulita serrator (Gray 1845, Sula)
Gannet
Order Lari
Suborder Phaéthontiformes
Family Phaéthontide. Tropic Birds
Leptophaéthon lepturus (Daudin 1802, Phaéton)
White-tailed Tropic Bird

69

70 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Sceophaéthon rubricauda (Boddaert 1783, Phaéton)
Red-tailed Tropic Bird

Suborder Lariformes
Family Sternide. Terns and Noddies

Chlidonias leucopareia (Temminck 1820, Sterna)
Whiskered Tern

Chlidonias leucoptera (Temminck 1815, Sterna)
White-winged Tern

Sterna striata Gmelin 1789

White-fronted Tern

Sterna dougallit Montagu 1813
Roseate Tern

Gygisterna sumatrana (Raffles 1822, Sterna)
Black-naped Tern

Sternula albifrons (Vroeg 1764, Sterna)
White-shafted Ternlet

Sternula nereis Gould 1843
White-faced Ternlet

Thalasseus berg (Lichtenstein 1823, Sterna)
Crested Tern

Thalasseus bengalensis (Lesson 1831, Sterna)
Lesser Crested Tern

Gelochelidon nilotica (Gmelin 1789, Sterna)
Gull-billed Tern

Hydroprogne caspia (Pallas 1770, Sterna)
Caspian Tern

Melanosterna anethetus (Scopoli 1786, Sterna)
Bridled Tern

Onychoprion fuscatus (Linné 1766, Sterna)
Sooty Tern

Megalopterus minutus (Boie 1844, Anous)
White-capped Noddy

Megalopterus tenuirostris (Temm. & Laug. 1823, Sterna)
Lesser Noddy

Anous stolidus (Linné 1758, Sterna)
Noddy

Nos. 2 & 3.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 71

Family Laride. Gulls

Bruchigavia novehollandie (Stephens 1826, Larus)
Silver Gull

Gabianus pacificus (Latham 1801, Larus)
Pacific Gull

Family Stercorariide. Skuas
Catharacta lonnbergi Mathews 1912
Antarctic Skua
*Coprotheres pomarinus (Temminck 1815, Lestris)
Pomarine. Skua
Stercorarius parasiticus (Linné 1758, Larus)
Arctic Skua

Suborder Charadriiformes
Superfamily Burhinoidea

Family Burhinide. Stone Plovers
Burhinus magnirostris (Latham 1801, Charadrius)
Stone Plover
Orthorhamphus magnirostris (Vieillot 1818, G@idicnemus)
Long-billed Stone Plover

Superfamily Scolopacoidea
Family Rostratulide. Painted Snipe
Rostratula australis (Gould 1838, Rhynchea)
Painted Snipe
Family Scolopacide. Snipe, Sandpipers, etc.
Ditelmatias hardwicku (Gray 1831, Scolopax)
Snipe
Subspilura megala (Swinhoe 1861, Gallinago)
Pin-tailed Snipe
Canutus canutus (Linné 1758, Tringa)
Knot
Anteliotringa tenwirostris (Horsfield 1821, Totanus)
Great Knot
Platyrhamphus falcinellus (Brimnich 1764, Scolopax)
Broad-billed Sandpiper
Erolia ferruginea (Brimnich 1764, T'ringa)
Curlew Sandpiper

UA THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Limnocinclus acuminatus (Horsfield 1821, Totanus)
Sharp-tailed Stint

Pisobia ruficollis (Pallas 1776, Trynga)
Red-necked Stint -

*Pisobia subminuta (Middendorff 1851, T'ringa)
Long-toed Stint

Crocethia leucophea (Vroeg 1764, Trynga)
Sanderling

Glottis nebularius (Gunnerus 1767, Scolopax)
Greenshank

Iliornis stagnatilis (Bechstein 1803, Totanus)
Little Greenshank

Rhyacophilus glareola (Linné 1758, Tringa)
Wood Sandpiper

Actitis hypoleucus (Linné 1758; Tinga)
Common Sandpiper

Terekia cinerea (Gueldenstadt 1774, Scolopax)
Terek Sandpiper

Heteractitis incanus (Gmelin 1789, Scolopax)
Wandering Tattler

Heteractitis brevipes (Vieillot 1816, Totanus)
Grey-rumped Sandpiper

*Bartramia longicauda (Bechstein 1811, T'ringa)
Long-tailed Sandpiper

Vetola lapponica (Linné 1758, Scolopaz)
Barred-rumped Godwit

(To be continued.)

AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
ls published at irregular intervals, about four times
per year, in parts of about 24 pages each, and

often with a coloured Plate; eight parts form
a volume. Price per volume 12/- post free.

The “Austral Avian Record” contains :

1. Discussions regarding the relationships and ranges of
species and subspecies of particular genera, especially
those which will not be dealt with in the immediate
future in Mathews’s ‘‘ Birds of Australia,” or those
that have been. | Ske

2. Revision of what has been published in the “ Birds of
Australia,” when accession of material and new facts

necessitate such revision.

3. Description of new forms.
3

4. Discussions regarding nomenclature.

5. Supplements to the “ Reference List of the ‘ Birds of
Australia.’ ”

6. Dates of Publication of works about which any doubt
exists. .

AUSTRALIAN AGENTS :—-MELBOURNE, Melville & Mullen
Proprietary Limited; SypNEY, Angus & Robertson
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©. RECORD.
A SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL DEVOTED PRIMARILY

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“VOL. IV. Now 4 & 5.

ISSUED IN CONNEXION WITH THE
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December i6th, 1920.

THE AUSTRAL AVIAN
RECORD.

Vol. LV., Nos. 4 and 5 DECEMBER 16TH, 1920.

(ON
CONTENTS. PAGE
A Name-List oF THE BIRDS oF AUSTRALIA .. fy ae
ForGotTten Birp-ARTISTS AND AN OLD-TIME ORNI-
THOLOGIST Ans ae ae ae Ade ya dike
SNIPE AND SANDPTPERS: A REARRANGEMENT .. ee el23
SHERBORN AND THE SYSTEMATIST ie: Deere 3)

A NAME-LIST OF THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA.

By Gregory M. Maruews anv Tom IREDALE.

(Concluded. )

Inmosa limosa (Linné 1758, Scolopaz)
Black-tailed Godwit
Mesoscolopax minutus (Gould 1841, Numenius)
Little Whimbrel
Pheopus pheeopus (Linné 1758, Scolopaa)
Whimbrel
Numenius cyanopus Vieillot 1817
Curlew
Family Recurvirostride. Avocets and Stilts
Himantopus leucocephalus Gould 1837
White-headed Stilt
Cladorhynchus leucocephalus (Vieillot 1816, Recurvirostra)
Banded Stilt
Recurvirostra novehollandie Vieillot 1816
Red-necked Avocet

74 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. 1V.

Superfamily Charadrioidea
Family Hematopodide. Oystercatchers

Hematopus ostralegus Linné 1758
Pied Oystercatcher

Hamatopus unicolor Forster 1844
Black Oystercatcher

Family Arenariide. Turnstones

Arenaria interpres (Linné 1758, Tringa)
Turnstone

_ Family Charadride. Plovers

Squatarola squatarola (Linné 1758, Tringa)
Grey Plover

Pluvialis dominicus (Miller 1776, Charadrius)
Lesser Golden Plover

Currepidesmus mongolus (Pallas 1776, Charadrius)
Mongolian Sand Dotterel

Nesoceryx bicinctus (Jardine and Selby 1827, Charadrius)
Double-banded Dotterel

Pagoa leschenaultia (Lesson 1826, Charadrius)
Large Sand Dotterel

Leucopolius ruficapillus (Temm. & Laug. 1821, Charadrius)
Red-capped Dotterel

Charadrius cucullatus Vieillot 1818
Hooded Dotterel

Hupodella vereda (Gould 1848, Charadrius)
Oriental Dotterel

Elseyornis melanops (Vieillot 1818, Charadrius)
Black-fronted Dotterel

Family Vanellide. Wattled Plovers
Lobibyx males (Boddaert 1783, Tringa)
Lesser Masked Plover
Lobibyx novehollandice (Stephens 1819, Vanellus)
Spur-winged Plover
Zonifer tricolor (Vieillot 1818, Charadrius)
Black-breasted Plover

Nos.4 &5.) THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD

Erythrogonys cinctus Gould 1838
Red-kneed Dotterel
Superfamily Jacanoidea
Family Jacanide. Jacanas
Irediparra gallinacea (Temm. & Laug. 1828, Pari
Lotus Bird

Superfamily Glareoloidea

‘)

Family Glareolide. Pratincoles and Coursers

Glareola maldivarum Forster 1795
Oriental Pratincole

Stiltia isabella (Vieillot 1816, Glareola)
Pratincole

Peltohyas australis (Gould 1841, Hudromius)
Dotterel

Suborder Otidiformes

; Family Otidide. Bustards
Austrotis australis (Griffith and Pidgeon ‘“ 1829,
Bustard
Order Psophii or Grues
Suborder Psophiiformes
Family Balearicide. Cranes
Mathewsena rubicunda (Perry 1810, Ardea)
Brolga or Native Companion
Order Ralli
Suborder Ralliformes
Family Rallide. Rails

Rallus pectoralis Temm. & Laugier 1831
Slate-breasted Rail

Tomirdus tricolor (Gray 1858, Rallina)
Red-necked Rail

Hypoteenidia philippensis (Linné 1766, Rallus)
Buff-banded Rail

” Ottis)

76 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Eulabeornis castaneoventris Gould 1844
Chestnut-bellied Rail

*Crex crex (Linné 1758, Rallus)
Land Rail

Porzana fluminea Gould 1843
Spotted Crake

Zapornia pusilla (Pallas 1776, Rallus)
Little Crake

Porzanoidea plumbea (Griffith and Pidgeon “ 1829,” Crez)
Spotless Crake

Poliolimnas cinereus (Vieillot 1819, Porphyrio)
White-browed Crake

Family Gallinulide. Gallinules

Amaurornis moluccanus (Wallace 1865, Porzana)
Rufous-tailed Moorhen
Gallinula tenebrosa Gould 1846
Black Moorhen
Microtribonyx ventralis (Gould 1837, Gallinula)
Black-tailed Water Hen
Tribonyx mortierti Du Bus 1840
Native Hen
Porphyrio melanotus Temminck 1820
Bald Coot
Porphyrio bellus Gould 1841
Blue Bald Coot
Family Fulicide. Coots
Fulica atra Linné 1758
Coot
Suborder Podicipitormes
Family Podicipide. Grebes
Podiceps cristatus (Linné 1758, Colymbus)
Tippet Grebe
Tachybaptus ruficollis (Vroeg 1764, Colymbus)
Black-throated Grebe
Tachybaptus poliocephalus (Jardine and Selby 1827, Podiceps)
Hoary-headed Grebe

Nos.4&5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD

Order Galli

Suborder Galliformes
Superfamily Megapodioidea
Family Megapodiide. Megapodes
Megapodius reinwardt Dumont 1823
Scrub Fowl
Leipoa ocellata Gould 1840
Mallee Fowl
Alectura lathami Gray 1831
Brush-Turkey
Superfamily Phasianoidea
Family Perdicide. Partridges and Quails
Coturnix pectoralis Gould 1837
Stubble-Quail
Ypsilophorus ypsilophorus (Bose 1792, Coturnix)
Brown Quail

Excalfactoria chinensis (Linné 1766, Tetrao)
King-Quail

Suborder Turnicitormes

Family Turnicide. Hemipodes

Turmx maculosa (Temminck 1815, Hemipodius)
Black-backed Quail

Marianornis varius (Latham 1801, Perdix)
Painted Quail

Austroturnix olivii (Robinson 1900, Turniz)
Allied Quail

Austroturni« castanota (Gould 1840, Hemipodius)
Chestnut-backed Quail

Alphaturnia velox (Gould 1841, Hemipodius)
Little Quail

Alphaturmia pyrrhothorax (Gould 1841, Hemipodius)
Red-chested Quail

Colcloughia melanogaster (Gould 1837, Hemipodius)
Black-breasted Quail

a

o
78 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Family Pedionomide. Plain-Wanderer

Pedionomus torquatus Gould 1840
Plain-Wanderer

Order Columbze

Suborder Columbiformes
Family Columbidz. Pigeons

Leucomelena norfolciensis (Latham 1801, Columba)
White-headed Pigeon

Macropygia phasianella (Temminck 1821, Columba)
Pheasant Pigeon

Family Turturide. Doves

Chrysauchena humeralis (Temminck 1821, Columba)
Barred-shouldered Dove

Geopelia placida Gould 1844
Ground-Dove

Stictopeleia cuneata (Latham 1801, Colwmba)
Spotted-shouldered Dove

Chalcophaps chrysochlora (Wagler 1827, Columba)
Little Green Dove

Phaps chalcoptera (Latham 1790, Columba)
Bronze-Wing

Cosmopelia elegans ('Temminck and Knip 1810, Columba)
Brush Bronze-Wing

Histriophaps histrionica (Gould 1841, Columba)
Flock-Pigeon

Petrophassa albipennis Gould 1841
White-quilled Rock Pigeon

Petrophassa rufipennis Collett 1898
Chestnut-quilled Rock Pigeon

Geophaps scripta (Temminck 1821, Columba)
Partridge Pigeon

Geophaps smithit (Jardine and Selby 1830, Columba)
Naked-eyed Partridge Pigeon

Lophophaps plumifera (Gould 1842, Geophaps)
Plumed Pigeon

Nos.4 & 5.) THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD

Lophophaps ferruginea Gould 1865
Red-plumed Pigeon
Ocyphaps lophotes (Temm. and Laugier 1822, Columba)
Crested Pigeon
Leucosarcia melanoleuca (Latham 1801, Columba)
Wonga-wonga
Family Treronide. Fruit Pigeons
Ptilinopus regina Swainson 1825
Red-crowned Fruit Pigeon
Ptilinopus superba (Temm. and Knip 1810, Columba)
Purple-crowned Fruit Pigeon
Megaloprepia magnifica (Temminck 1821, Colwmba)
Purple-breasted Fruit Pigeon
Leucotreron alligator (Collett 1898, Ptilopus)
Black-banded Fruit Pigeon
Myristicwwora bicolor (Scopoli 1786, Columba)
Nutmeg Pigeon
*Globicera pacifica (Gmelin 1789, Columba)
Grey-headed Pigeon
*Globicera rubricera Bonaparte 1854
Red-cered Pigeon
Lopholaimus antarcticus (Shaw 1793, Columba)
Top-knot Pigeon

Order Anates
Suborder Anatiformes
Family Cereopside. Cape Barren Goose
Cereopsis novehollandie Latham 1801
Cape Barren Goose
Family Anseranatide. Pied Geese
Anseranas semipalmata (Latham 1801, Anas)
Pied Goose
Family Anatide. Swans, Geese and Ducks
Cheniscus coromandelianus (Gmelin 1789, Anas)
White-quilled Goose Teal
Cheniscus pulchellus (Gould 1842, Nettapus)
xreen Goose Teal

80 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Chenonetta jubata (Latham 1801, Anas)
Wood Duck

Chenopis atrata (Latham 1790, Anas)
Black Swan

Dendrocygna javanica (Horsfield 1821, Anas)
Whistling Duck

Ctenanas eytoni (Kyton 1838, Leptotarsis)
Plumed Whistling Duck

Radjah radjah (Garnot 1828, Anas)
White-headed Sheld-Drake

Casarca tadornoides (Jardine and Selby 1828, Anas)

Mountain Duck

Anas superciliosa Gmelin 1789
Black Duck

*Querquedula querquedula (Linné 1758, Anas)
Garganey Tea

Virago gibberifrons (Miller 1842, Anas)
Grey Teal

Virago castanea (Kyton 1838, Mareca)
Green-headed Teal

Stictonetta nevosa (Gould 1841, Anas)
Freckled Duck

Spatula rhynchotis (Latham 1801, Anas)
Shoveler

Malacorhynchus membranaceus (Latham 1801, Anas)
Pink-eared Duck

Nyroca australis Eyton 1838
White-eyed Duck

Erismatura australis (Gould 1837, Oxyura)
Blue-billed Duck

Biziura lobata (Shaw and Nodder 1796, Anas)
Musk Duck

Order Herodiones
Suborder Ardeiformes
Family Ardeide. Herons and Bitterns

Typhon sumatranus (Raffles 1822, Ardea)
Great-billed Heron .

Nos.4 &5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 8]

Notophoyx novehollandie (Latham 1790, Ardea)
White-fronted Heron

Myola pacifica (Latham 1801, Ardea)
White-necked Heron

Tonophoyx aruensis (Gray 1858, Ardea)
Pied Egret

Egretia garzetta (Linné 1766, Ardea)
Lesser Egret

Mesophoyx intermedia (Wagler 1829, Ardea)
Plumed Egret

Casmerodius albus (Linné 1758, Ardea)
White Egret

Demagretta matook (Vieillot 1817, Ardea)
Blue Reef Heron

Demigretta grey (Gould 1848, Herodias)
White Reef-Heron

Nycticorax caledonicus (Gmelin 1789, Ardea)
Night-Heron

Butorides ‘striata (Linné 1758, Ardea)
Little Mangrove Bittern

Butorides rogerst Mathews 1911
Red Mangrove Bittern

Ixobrychus minutus (Linné 1766, Ardea)
Little Bittern

Dupetor flavicollis (Latham 1790, Ardea)
Yellow-necked Mangrove Bittern

Botaurus poiciloptilus (Wagler 1827, Ardea)
Bittern

Family Ciconiide. Storks

Xenorhynchus asiaticus (Latham 1790, Mycteria)

Jabiru
Family Plegadide. Ibises

Plegadus falcinellus (Linné 1766, Tantalus)
Glossy Ibis

Carphibis spinicollis (Jameson 1835, Ibis)
Straw-necked Ibis

82 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Threskiornis molucca (Cuvier 1829, bis)
White Ibis

Family Plataleide. Spoonbills
Platibis flavipes (Gould 1838, Platalea)
Yellow-billed Spoonbill
Spatherodia regia (Gould 1838, Platalea)
Black-billed Spoonbill

Order Falcones
Suborder Falconiformes
Superfamily Falconoidea

Family Falconide. Falcons

Cerchneis cenchroides (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Falco)
Nankeen Kestrel

Leracidea berigora (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Falco)
Brown Hawk

Notofalco subniger (Gray 1843, Falco)
Black Falcon

Falco longipennis Swainson 1837
Little Falcon

Falco hypoleucus Gould 1841
Grey Falcon

Rhynchodon peregrinus (Tunstall 1771, Falco)
Black-cheeked Falcon

Family Aquilide. Eagles and Hawks, ete.
Lophastur subcristatus (Gould 1838, Lepidogenys)
Crested Hawk
Elanus notatus Gould 1838
Black-shouldered Kite
Elanus scriptus Gould 1842
Letter-winged Kite
Lophoictinia isura (Gould 1838, Milvus)
Square-tailed Kite
Milvus migrans (Boddaert 1783, Falco)
Allied Kite
Gypoictinia melanosterna (Gould 1841, Buteo)
Black-breasted Buzzard

Nos.4 &5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD

Haliastur sphenurus (Vieillot 1818, Milvus)
Whistling Eagle

Haliastur indus (Boddaert 1783, Falco)
White-headed Sea Eagle

Cuncuma leucogaster (Gmelin 1788, Falco)
White-bellied Sea Eagle

Hieraaétus pennatus (Gmelin 1788, Falco)
Little Eagle

Uroaétus audax (Latham 1801, Vultur)
Wedge-tailed Eagle (Eagle Hawk)

Erythrotriorchis radiatus (Latham 1801, Falco)
Red Goshawk

Accipiter cirrhocephalus (Vieillot 1817, Sparvius)
Collared Sparrow-Hawk

Urospiza fasciata (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Astur)
Goshawk

Leucospiza raw (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Astur)
Grey Goshawk

Leucospiza novehollandie (Gmelin 1788, Falco)
White Goshawk

Circus approximans Peale 1848
Swamp Hawk

Circus assimilis Jardine and Selby 1828
Spotted Harrier

Family Pandionide. Ospreys

Pandion haliaétus (Linné 1758, Falco)

Osprey

Order Striges
Suborder Strigiformes
Family Strigide. Wood Owls

Spiloglaux noveseelandie (Gmelin 1788, Strix)
Boobook Owl

Hieracoglaux connivens (Latham 1801, Falco)
Winking Owl

Rhabdoglaux rufa (Gould 1846, Athene)
Rufous Owl

84 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Berneyornis strenuus (Gould 1838, Athene ?)
Powerful Owl.

Family Tytonide. Barn Owls
Tyto alba (Scopoli 1769, Strix)
Barn Owl
Tyto novehollandie (Stephens 1826, Strix ?)
Masked Owl
Tyto longimembris (Jerdon 1839, Strix)
Grass Owl
Megastrix tenebricosa (Gould 1845, Strix)
Sooty Owl

Order Psittaci
Suborder Psittaciformes
Superfamily Psittaculoidea
Family Pezoporide. Ground Parrots

Geopsittacus occidentalis Gould 1861
Spinifex Parrot
Pezoporus wallicus (Kerr 1792, Psittacus)
Ground Parrot
Melopsittacus undulatus (Shaw and Nodder, 1805, Psittacus)
Budgerygar
Family Platycercide. Broad-tailed Parrakeets
Lathamus discolor (White 1790, Psittacus)
Swift Parrot
Neophema pulchella (Shaw and Nodder 1792, Psittacus)
Red-shouldered Grass Parrot
Neophema splendida (Gould 1841, Huphema)
Scarlet-chested Grass Parrot
Neonanodes chrysogaster (Latham 1790, Psittacus)
Orange-bellied Parrot
Neonanodes chrysostomus (Kuhl 1820, Psittacus)
Blue-winged Parrot
Neonanodes elegans (Gould 1837, Nanodes)
Grass Parrot
Neonanodes petrophilus (Gould 1841, Huphema)
Rock Parrot

Nos.4 &5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 85

Neopsephotus bourkit (Gould 1841, Huphema)
Blue-vented Parrot

Psephotellus pulcherrimus (Gould 1845, Platycercus)
Beautiful Parrot

Psephotellus chrysopterygius (Gould 1858, Psephotus)
Golden-shouldered Parrot

Psephotellus dissimilis (Collett 1898, Psephotus)
Black-hooded Parrot (Monk)

Northiella hematogaster (Gould 1838, Platycercus)
Blue Bonnett

Psephotus hematonotus (Gould 1838, Platycercus)
Red-backed Parrot

Psephotus varius (Clark 1910, Psephotus)
Varied Parrot

Platycercus caledonicus (Gmelin 1788, Psittacus)
Green Parrot

Platycercus flaveolus Gould 1837
Yellow Parrot and Adelaide Rosella

Platycercus elegans (Gmelin 1788, Psittacus)

’ Crimson Parrot

Platycercus icterotis (Kuhl 1820, Pszttacus)
Yellow-cheeked Parrot

Platycercus adscitus (Latham 1790, Psittacus)
Blue-cheeked Parrot

Platycercus venustus (Kuhl 1820, Pssttacus)
Smutty Parrot

Platycercus eximius (Shaw and Nodder 1792, Psittacus)
Rosella

Barnardius barnardi (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Platycercus)
Mallee Parrot (Smoker)

Barnardius zonarvus (Shaw and Nodder 1805, Psittacus)
Twenty-eight

Purpureicephalus spurius (Kuhl 1820, Pszttacus)
Red-capped Parrot (Pilot)

Family Polytelitide. King Parrots

Alisterus scapularis (Lichtenstein 1818, Psittacus)
King Parrot

86 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD

Aprosmictus erythropterus (Gmelin 1788, Psittacus)
Red-winged Parrot
Polytelis swainsonia (Desmarest 1826, Psittacus)
Green Leek
Polytelis anthopeplus (Lear 1831, Palcornis’
Rock Pebbler
Northipsitta alexandre (Gould 1863, Polyteles)
Pink-cheeked Parrot
Family Leptolophidz. Cockatiels
Leptolophus hollandicus (Kerr 1792, Psitttacus)
Quarrion
Superfamily Psittacoidea
Family Loriidz. Lories
Geoffroyus geoffroyr (Bechstein 1811, Psittacus)
Red-cheeked Parrot
Lorwus pectoralis (Muller 1776, Psittacus)
Red-sided Parrot
Superfamily Kakatoéoidea
Family Kakatoéide. Cockatoos
Holophus roseicapillus (Vieillot 1817, Cacatua)
Galah
Ducorpsius sanguineus (Gould 1843, Cacatua)
Blood-stained Cockatoo
Inemetis tenwirostris (Kuhl 1820, Psittacus)
Corella
Kakatoé galerita (Latham 1790, Psittacus)
White Cockatoo
Lophochroa leadbeatert (Vigors 1831, Plyctolophus)
Wee Juggler
Callocorydon fimbriatus (Grant 1803, Psittacus)
Gang-gang
Harrisornis lathami (Temminck 1807, Psittacus)
Glossy Cockatoo
Calyptorhynchus banks (Latham 1790, Psittacus)
Banksian Cockatoo
Zanda funerea (Shaw and Nodder 1796, Psittacus)
Black Cockatoo
Zanda baudini (Lear 1832, Psittacus)
White-tailed Black Cockatoo

[Vol. LV.

Nos.4 &5.}] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 87

Family Proboscigeride. Palm Cockatoos
Probosciger aterriomus (Gmelin 1788, Psittacus)
Palm Cockatoo

Superfamily Trichoglossoidea
Family Trichoglosside. Lorikeets

Trichoglossus moluccanus (Gmelin 1788, Psittacus)
Blue-bellied Lorikeet
Trichoglossus rubritorquis Vigors and Horsfield 1827
Red-collared Lorikeet
Hutelipsitta chlorolepidota (Kuhl 1820, Psittacus)
Scaly-breasted Lorikeet
Psitteuteles versicolor (Lear 1831, Trichoglossus)
Varied Lorikeet
Glossopsitta concinna (Shaw and Nodder 1791, Psittacus)
Musk Lorikeet
Glossopsitta porphyrocephala (Dietrichsen 1837, T'richoglossus)
Purple-crowned Lorikeet
Glossopsita pusilla (White 1790, Psittacus)
Little Lorikeet
Family Opopsittide. Lorilets
Opopsitta leadbeatert (McCoy 1875, Cyclopsitta)
Blue-faced Lorilet
Opopsitta coxent (Gould 1867, Cyclopsitta)
Red-faced Lorilet
Order Cuculi
Suborder Cuculiformes
Superfamily Cuculoidea
Family Cuculide. Cuckoos
Cuculus optatus Gould 1845
Oriental Cuckoo
Heteroscenes pallidus (Latham 1801, Columba)
Pallid Cuckoo
Cacomantis pyrrhophanus (Vieillot 1817, Cuculus)
Square-tailed (Brush) Cuckoo
Cacomantis rubricatus (Latham 1801, Sylvia)
Fan-tailed Cuckoo

88 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD

Vidgenia castaneiventris (Gould 1867, Cuculus)
Chestnut-breasted Cuckoo

Owenavis osculans (Gould 1847, Chalcites)
Black-eared Cuckoo

Chalcites basalis (Horsfield 1821, Cuculus)
Narrow-billed Bronze Cuckoo

Lamprococcyx russatus (Gould 1868, Chrysococcyx)
Rufous-breasted Bronze Cuckoo

Lamprococcyx minutillus (Gould 1859, Chrysococcy2)
Little Bronze Cuckoo

Lam~prococcyx plagosus (Latham 1801, Cuculus)
Bronze Cuckoo

Lamprococcyx lucidus (Gmelin 1788, Cuculus)
Broad-billed Bronze Cuckoo

Family Eudynamytide. Koels

Hudynamys orventalis (Linné 1766, Cuculus)
Koel

Family Scythropide. Channel Bills

Scythrops novehollandie Latham 1790
Channel Bill

Family Polophilide. Coucals
Polophilus phasianinus (Latham 1801, Cuculus)
Coucal
Order Coracie
Suborder Coraciiformes
Superfamily Podargoidea
Family Podargide. Frogmouths

Podargus strigoides (Latham 1801, Caprimulgus)
Frogmouth

[Vol. IV.

Micropodargus ocellatus (Quoy and Gaimard 1830, Podargus)

Marbled Frogmouth
Micropodargus plumiferus (Gould 1846, Podargus)
Plumed Frogmouth

Megapodargus papuensis (Quoy and Gaimard 1830, Podargus)

Large Frogmouth

Nos. 4 & 5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD

Family Aigothelide. Owlet Nightjars
Aigotheles cristata (White 1790, Caprimulgus)
Owlet Nightjar

Superfamily Coracioidea
Family Coraciide. Rollers
Eurystomus orientalis (Linné 1766, Coracias)
Roller or Dollar Bird
) Order Halcyones
Suborder Alcediniformes

Superfamily Meropoidea

F Family Meropide. Bee-Haters
Cosmaerops ornatus (Latham 1801, Merops)
Bee-Hater

Superfamily Alcedinoidea

Family Alcedinide. Kingfishers

Alcyone azurea (Latham 1801, Alcedo)

_ Blue Kingfisher

Micralcyone pusilla (Temm. & Laugier 1836, Ceyx)

Little Kingfisher
Family Dacelonids. Wood-Kingfishers

Lazulena macleayu (Jardine and Selby 1830, Halcyon)
Forest Kingfisher

Cyanalcyon pyrrhopygius (Gould 1840, Halcyon)
Red-backed Kingfisher

Sauropatis sancta (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Halcyon)
Sacred Kingfisher

Sauropatis chloris (Boddaert 1783, Alcedo)
Mangrove Kingfisher

Syma torotoro Lesson 1827
Yellow-billed Kingfisher

Dacelo noveguinee (Hermann 1783, Alcedo)
Kookaburra

Dacelo leacht Vigors and Horsfield 1827
Blue-winged Kingfisher

Uralcyon sylvia (Gould 1850, Tanysiptera)
White-tailed Kingfisher

89

90 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Order Macrochires
Suborder Caprimulgiformes
Family Caprimulgide. Nightjars
Eurostopodus guttatus (Vigors & Horsfield 1827, Capromulgus)
Spotted Nightjar
Eurostopodus mystacalis (Temm. & Laug. 1826, Caprimulqus)
White-throated Nightjar
Rossornis macrurus (Horsfield 1821, Caprimulgus)
Large-tailed Nightjar
Suborder Micropoditormes
Family Micropodide. Swilts
Micropus pacificus (Latham 1801, Hirundo)
White-rumped Swift
Hivundapus caudacutus (Latham 1801, Hirwndo)
Spine-tailed Swift
Zoonava francica (Gmelin 1789, Harwndo)
Grey-rumped Swiftlet
*Zoonava fuciphaga (Thunberg 1812, Hirundo)
Uniform Swiftlet

Order Menuree
Suborder Menuritormes
Family Menuride. Lyre Birds
Harriwhitea alberti (Bonaparte 1850, Menura)
Northern Lyre Bird
Menura novehollandie Latham 1801
Lyre Bird
Order Passeres
Suborder Passeriformes
Superfamily Pittoidea
Family Pittide. Pittas
Austiopitta versicolor (Swainson 1825, Pitta)
Noisy Pitta
Evythropitta macklotit (Temm. & Laugier 1834, Pitta)
Blne-breasted Pitta

Nos.4&5.} THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 91

Pulchripitta wis (Gould 1842, Pitta)
Rainbow Pitta

Superfamily Atrichornithoidea

Family Atrichornithide. Scrub Birds
Atrichornis rufescens (Ramsay 1867, Atrichia)
Rufous Scrub Bird
Rahcinta clamosa (Gould, 1844, Atrichia)
Noisy Scrub Bird
Superfamily Passeroidea
Family Hirundinide. Swallows
Hirundo neoxena Gould 1842
Welcome Swallow
*Hirundo rustica Linné 1758
Swallow
*Hypurolepis javanica (Sparrman 1789, Hirundo)
Short-tailed Swallow
Cherameca leucosternum (Gould 1841, Hirundo)
. Black and White Swallow
Hylochelidon nigricans (Vieillot 1817, Hirundo)
Tree-Martin
Lagenoplastes ariel (Gould 1842, Collocalia)
Fairy Martin
Family Muscicapidee. Flycatchers, etc.
Microeca fascionans (Latham 1801, Lox)
Brown Flycatcher
Microeca brunneicauda Campbell 1902
Brown-tailed Flycatcher
Kempia flavigaster (Gould 1843, Microeca)
Lemon-breasted Flycatcher
Petroica multicolor (Gmelin 1789, Muscicapa)
Scarlet-breasted Robin
Whiteornis goodenovit (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Muscicapa)
Red-capped Robin
Intilera chrysoptera (Quoy and Gaimard 1830, Muscica pa)
Flame-breasted Robin
Hrythrodryas rodinogaster (Drapiez 1819, Saaicola)
Pink-breasted Robin

92 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Belchera rosea (Gould 1840, Petrovca)
Rose-breasted Robin

Melanodryas cucullata (Latham 1801, Muscicapa)
Hooded Robin

Amaurodryas vittata (Quoy & Gaimard 1830, Muscicapa)
Dusky Robin

Smicrornis brevirostris (Gould 1838, Pstlopus)
Tree-Tit

Gerygone olivacea (Gould 1838, Psilopus)
White-throated Flyeater

Wilsonavis richmondi Mathews 1915
Brown Flyeater

Ethelornis magnirostris (Gould 1843, Gerygone)
Large-billed Flyeater

Ethelornis cairnsensis (Mathews 1912, Gerygone)
Allied Flyeater

Ethelornis tenebrosus (Hall 1901, Pseudogerygone)
Dusky Flyeater

Ethelornis chloronotus (Gould 1843, Gerygone)
Green-backed Flyeater

Hthelornis levigaster (Gould 1843, Gerygone)
Buff-breasted Flyeater

Ethelornis cantator (Weatherill 1908, Psewudogerygone)
Singing Flyeater

Ethelornis mouki (Mathews 1912, Gerygone)
Queensland Flyeater

Ethelornis mastersi (Sharpe 1879, Pseudogerygone)
Gulf Flyeater

Ethelornis fuscus (Gould 1838, Psilopus) == culicivorus olim
Flyeater

Pseudogerygone palpebrosa (Wallace 1865, Gerygone)
Black-throated Flyeater

Tredaleornis cinereifrons (Ramsay 1876, Pacilodryas ?)
Ashy-fronted Fly Robin

Pacilodryas superciliosa (Gould 1847, Petrovca)
White-browed Robin

Pacilodryas cerviniventris (Gould 1858, Petrowca ?)
Buff-sided Robin

Nos.4 &5.| THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 93

Tregellasia capito (Gould 1854, Hopsaltria)
Large-headed Robin

Tregellasia leucops (Salvadori 1876, Leucophantes)
White-throated Fly Robin

Kempiella kempi Mathews, 1913
Yellow-breasted Robin

Pachycephala pectoralis (Latham 1801, Muscicapa)
White-throated Thickhead

Pachycephala robusta Masters 1876
Big-billed Thickhead

Pachycephala melanura Gould 1843
Black-tailed Thickhead

Lewinornis rufiventris (Latham 1801, Sylvia)
Rufous-breasted Thickhead

Gulbertornis rufogularis (Gould 1841, Pachycephala)
Red-lored Thickhead

Gilbertornis inornatus (Gould 1841, Pachycephala)
Black-lored Thickhead

Alisterornis lanioides (Gould 1840, Pachycephala)
White-bellied Thickhead

Timixos olivaceus (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Pachycephala)
Olive Thickhead

Mattingleya griseiceps (Gray 1858, Pachycephala)
Grey Thickhead

Muscitrea simplex (Gould 1843, Pachycephala)
Brown Thickhead

Peneceenanthe leucura (Gould 1869, Hopsaltria)
Mangrove Robin

Quoyornis georgianus (Quoy and Gaimard 1830, Muscicapa)
White-breasted Shrike Robin

Hopsaltria australis (White 1790, Motacilla)
Yellow-breasted Shrike Robin

Eopsaltria griseogularis Gould 1838
Grey-breasted Shrike Robin

Rhipidura flabellifera (Gmelin 1789, Muscicapa)
Fantail

Howeavis rufifrons (Latham 1801, Muscicapa)
Rufous Fantail

94 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Setosura setosa (Quoy and Gaimard 1830, Muscipeta)
Northern Fantail

Leucocirca leucophrys (Latham 1801, T’urdus)
Black and White Fantail

Mastersornis rubecula (Latham 1801, Todus)
Leaden Flycatcher

Mastersornis cyanoleucus (Vieillot 1818, Platyrhynchos)
Satin Flycatcher

Mastersornis ruficollis (Vieillot 1818, Platyrhynchos)
Broad-billed Flycatcher

Macherirhynchus flaviventer Gould 185i
Yellow-breasted Wherrybill

Seisura inguieta (Latham 1801, Turdus)
Restless Flycatcher

Ophryzone kaupt (Gould 1851, Arses)
Black-breasted Flycatcher

Proseisura lorealis (De Vis 1895, Arses)
Frill-necked Flycatcher

Piezorhynchus alecto (Temm. & Laugier 1827, Drymophila)
Shining Flycatcher

Symposiachrus trivirgatus (Temm. & Laugier 1826, Drymophila)
Spectacled Flycatcher

Carterornis leucotis (Gould 1850, Monarcha)
White-eared Flycatcher

Monarcha melanopsis (Vieillot 1818, Muscicupa)
Black-faced Flycatcher

Family Campophagide. Cuckoo Shrikes, ete.

Pteropodocys maxima (Riippell 1839, Ceblepyris)
Ground Cuckoo Shrike

Graucalus novehollandie (Gmelin 1789, Turdus)
Black-faced Cuckoo Shrike

Graucalus hypoleucus (Gould 1848)
White-bellied Cuckoo Shrike

Graucalus robustus (Latham 1801, Lanius)
Little Cuckoo Shrike

Paragraucalus lineatus (Swainson 1825, Ceblepyris)
Barred Cuckoo Shrike

Nos.4 &5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 95

Metagraucalus tenuirostris (Jardine 1831, Graucalus)
Caterpillar-catcher
Lalage tricolor (Swainson 1825, Ceblepyris)
Caterpillar-eater
Karua leucomela (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Campephaga)
Pied Caterpillar-eater
Family Sphecotheride. Fig Birds
Sphecotheres vieilloti (Vigors and Horsfield 1827)
Fig Bird
Sphecotheres flaviventris Gould 1849
Yellow-bellied Fig Bird
*Sphecotheres salvadorti Sharpe 1877
Grey-throated Fig Bird
Family Orthonycidz. Ground Birds, etc.
Orthonyx maculatus (Stephens 1826)
Logrunner
Macrorthonyx spaldingi (Ramsay 1868, Orthonyx)
Black-headed Logrunner
Cinclosema punctatum (Shaw 1794, T'urdus)
Spotted Ground Bird
Cinclosoma castanotum Gould 184]
Chestnut-backed Ground Bird
Samuela cionnamomea (Gould 1846, Cinclosom)
Cinnamon Ground Bird
Samuela alistert (Mathews 1910, Cinclosomna)
Black-breasted Ground Bird
Drymodes brunneopygia Gould 1841
Scrub Robin
Drymodes superciliaris Gould 1850
Northern Scrub Robin
Pycnoptilus floccosus Gould 1851
Pilot Bird
Hylacola pyrrhopygia (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Acanthiza)
Ground Wren
Hylacola cauta Gould 1843
Western Ground Wren
Psophodes olivaceus (Latham 1801, Corvus)
Coachwhip Bird

96 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Psophodes nigrogularis Gould 1844
Black-throated Coachwhip Bird
Pomatostomus temporalis (Vigors & Hors. 1827, Pomatorhinus)
Babbler :
Morganornis superciliosus (Vigors & Hors. 1827, Pomatorhinus)
White-browed Babbler
Morganornis ruficeps (Hartlaub 1852, Pomatorhinus)
Chestnut-crowned Babbler
Calamanthus fuliginosus (Vigors & Horsfield 1827, Anthus)
Striated Field Wren
Calamanthus campestris (Gould 1841, Praticola)
Field Wren
Cinclorhamphus cruralis (Vigors & Horsfield 1827, Megalurus)
Brown Song Lark
Maclennama mathewsi (Iredale 1911, Cincloramphus)
Rufous Song Lark
Family Turdide. Thrushes, Chats, ete.
Oreocincla lunulata (Latham 1801, Turdus)
Ground Thrush
Epthianura albifrons (Jardine & Selby 1828, Acanthiza)
White-fronted Chat
Parepthianura tricolor (Gould 1841, Hphthianura)
Tricolored Chat
Aurepthianura aurifrons (Gould 1838, Epthianura)
Orange-fronted Chat
Aurepthianura crocea (Castelnau & Ramsay 1877, Epthianura)
Yellow-breasted Chat
Ashbyia lovensis (Ashby 1911, Ephthianura)
Desert Bush-Chat
Family Sylviide. Warblers.
Conopoderas australis (Gould 1848, Acrocephalus)
Reed-Warbler
Cisticola eatlis (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Malurus)
Grass Warbler
Poodytes gramineus (Gould 1845, Sphenceacus)
Grass Bird
Dulciornis alistert (Mathews 1912, Megalurus)
Tawny Grass Bird

Nos.4 &5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 97

Eremiornis cartert North 1900
Desert Bird

Origmella solitaria (Lewin 1808, Sylvia)
Rock-Warbler

Chthonicola sagittata (Latham 1801, Sylvia)
Little Field-Wren

Acanthiza pusilla (White 1790, Motacilla)
Brown Tit

Acanthiza nana Vigors and Horsfield 1827
Little Tit

Acanthiza inornata Gould 1841
Plain-coloured Tit

Acanthiza lineata Gould 1838
Striated Tit

Acanthiza uropygialis Gould 1838
Chestnut-rumped Tit

Acanthiza iredalei Mathews 1911

: ~ Thin-billed Tit

Milligania -robustirostris (Milligan 1903, Acanthiza)
Thick-billed Tit

Geobasileus chrysorrhous (Quoy & Gaimard 1830, Saxicola)
Yellow-rumped Tit

Geobasileus reguloides (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Acanthiza)
Buff-rumped Tit

Geobasileus hedleyi (Mathews 1912, Acanthiza)
Dark Brown Tit

Pyrrholemus brunneus Gould 1841
Red-throat

Neosericornis lathami (Stephens 1817, Muscicapa)
Yellow-throated Scrub Wren

Sericornis frontalis (Vigors & Horsfield 1827, Acanthiza)
Scrub Wren

Sericornis magnirostris (Gould 1838, Acanthiza)
Large-billed Scrub Wren

Sericornis maculatus Gould 1847
Spotted Scrub Wren

Sericornis ? tyrannulus De Vis 1905
Northern Scrub Wren

98 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Tasmanornis humilis (Gould 1838, Sericornis)
Brown Scrub Wren

Oreoscopus gutturalis (De Vis 1890, Sericornis)
Collared Scrub Wren

Acanthornis magnus (Gould 1855, Acanthiza)
Scrub Tit

Malurus cyaneus (Gmelin 1789, Motacilla)
Blue Wren

Malurus melanotus Gould 1841
Black-backed Wren _

Malurus splendens (Quoy & Gaimard 1830, Saxicola)
Banded Wren

Hallornis leuconotus (Gould 1865, Malurus)
White-winged Wren

Nesomalurus leucopterus (Dumont 1824, Malurus)
Black and White Wren

Leggeornis lamberti (Vigors & Horsfield 1827, Malurus)
Variegated Wren

Leggeornis elegans (Gould 1837, Malurus)
Red-winged Wren

Leggeornis amabilis (Gould 1851, Malurus)
Lovely Wren

Leggeornis pulcherrimus (Gould 1844, Malurus)
Blue-breasted Wren

Rosina coronata (Gould 1857, Malurus)
Purple-crowned Wren

Ryania melanocephala (Latham 1801, Muscicapa)
Red-backed Wren

Stipiturus malachurus (Shaw 1798, Muscicapa)
Emu Wren

Sphenura brachyptera (Latham 1801, T’urdus)
Bristle Bird

Maccoyornis broadbenti (McCoy 1867)
Rufous Bristle Bird

Diaphorillas textilis (Dumont 1824, Malurus)
Grass Wren

Diaphorillas striata {Gould 1840, Dasyornis)
Striated Grass Wren

Nos. 4 &5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 99

Lyramytis goydert (Gould 1875, Amytis)
Lake Eyre Grass Wren
Magnamytis woodwardi (Hartert 1905, Amytornis)
White-throated Grass Wren —
Magnamytis dorothee Mathews 1914
Black and White Grass Wren
Magnamytis houser (Milligan 1902, Amytis)
Black Grass Wren
Family Artamide. Wood Swallows
Artamus leucoryn(chus) (Linné 1771, Lantus)
White-rumped Wood Swallow
Campbellornis personatus (Gould 1841, Ocypterus)
Masked Wood Swallow
Campbellornis superciliosus (Gould 1837, Ocypterus)
White-browed Wood Swallow
Austrartamus cinereus (Vieillot 1817, Artamus)
Black-faced Wood Swallow
Angroyan cyanopterus (Latham 1801, Loaia)
Wood Swallow
Micrartamus minor (Vieillot)
Little Wood Swallow
Family Prionopide. Shrike Thrushes, etc.
Colluricincla harmonica (Latham 1801, Turdus)
Shrike Thrush
Colluricincla brunnea Gould 1841
Brown Shrike Thrush
Colluricincla rufiventris Gould 1841
Butt-bellied Shrike Thrush
Alphacincla woodwardi (Hartert 1905, Colluricincla)
Red-bellied Shrike Thrush
Conigravea parvula (Gould 1845, Colluricincla)
Little Shrike Thrush
Caleya megarhyncha (Quoy and Gaimard 1830, Muscrcapa)
Rufous-breasted Shrike Thrush
Bowyeria bowert (Ramsay 1885, Collyriocincla)
Stripe-breasted Shrike Thrush
Gralline cyanoleuca (Latham 1801, Corvus)
Magpie Lark

100 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Family Cracticide. Butcher Birds, etc.
Gymnorhina tibicen (Latham 1801, Coracias)
Black-backed Magpie
Gymnorhina hypoleuca (Gould 1837, Cracticus)
White-backed Magpie
Melloria quoyt (Lesson and Garnot 1827, Barita)
Black Butcher Bird
Cracticus nigrogularis (Gould 1837, Vanga)
Black-throated Butcher Bird
Bulestes torquatus (Latham 1801, Latham)
Collared Butcher Bird
Bulestes mentalis (Salv. & D’Albertis 1876 (or 5 ?), Cracticus)
Black-backed Butcher Bird
Strepera graculina (White 1790, Corvus)
Pied Crow Shrike
Strepera melanoptera Gould 1846
Black-winged Crow Shrike
Strepera fuliginosa (Gould 1837, Coronica)
Black Crow Shrike
Neostrepera versicolor (Latham 1801, Corvus)
Grey Crow Shrike
Family Falcunculide. Shrike Tits, ete.
Falcunculus frontatus (Latham 1801, Lanvus)
Shrike Tit
Falcunculus leucogaster Gould 1838
Yellow-bellied Shrike Tit
Oreoica gutturalis (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Falcwuncalus)
Crested Bell Bird
Family Sphenostomidsze. Wedge Bills, etc.
Aphelocephala leucopsis (Gould 1841, Xerophila)
Whiteface
Aphelocephala pectoralis (Gould 1871, Xerophila)
Chestnut-breasted Whiteface
Aphelocephala castaneiventris (Milligan 1903, Xerophila)
Murchison Whiteface

Sphenostoma cristatum Gould 1838
Wedge Bill

Nos. 4& 5.]. THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 101

Family Sittide. Treerunners

Neositta chrysoptera (Latham 1801, Sitta)
Orange-winged 'Treerunner
Neositta leucocephala (Gould 1838, Sittella)
White-headed Treerunner
Neositta pileata (Gould 1838, Sittella)
Black-capped Treerunner
Neosittella striata (Gould 1869, Sittella)
Striated Treerunner
Family Certhiide. Creepers
Climacteris leucophea (Latham 1801, Certhia)
White-throated Treecreeper
Climacteris erythrops Gould 1841
Red-browed Treecreeper
Climacteris superciliosa North 1895
White-browed Treecreeper
Neochima picumna (Temm. & Laugier 1824, Clomacteris)
Brown Treecreeper
Whitlocka melanura (Gould 1843, Climacteris)
Black-tailed Treecreeper
Whitlocka melanota (Gould 1847, Climacteris)
Black-backed Treecreeper
Whitlocka rufa (Gould 1841, Climacteris)
Rufous Treecreeper
Family Zosteropide. White-eyes
Zosterops lateralis (Latham 1801, Sylvia)
White-eve
Zosterops gouldt Bonaparte 1851
Green-backed White-eye
Zosterops albiventris Reichenbach 1850
Pale-bellied White-eye
Zosterops lutea Gould 1843
Yellow White-eye
Family Diceide. Flowerpeckers
Austrodiceum hirundinaceum (Shaw & Nodder 1792, Motacilla)
Flowerpecker or Mistletoe Bird

102 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD fVol. IV.

Family Pardalotide. Pardalotes

Pardalotus punctatus (Shaw & Nodder 1792, Pzpra)
Spotted Pardalote (Diamond Bird)

Pardalotinus melanocephalus (Gould 1838, Pardalotus)
Black-headed Pardalote

Pordalotinus rubricatus (Gould 1838, Pardalotus)
Red-browed Pardalote

Pardalotinus striatus (Gmelin 1789, Pipra)
Yellow-tipped Pardalote

Nesopardalotus quadragintus (Gould 1838, Pardalotus)
Forty-spotted Pardalote

Family Nectariniide. Sun Birds

Cyrtostomus frenatus (Muller 1483, Nectarinia)

Sun Bird
Family Meliphagide. Honey-eaters

Melithreptus lwnatus (Shaw 1802, Certhia)
White-naped Honey-eater

Melithreptus gularis (Gould 1837, Hamatops)
Black-chinned Honey-eater

Melithreptus validirostris (Gould 1837, Haematops)
Strong-billed Honey-eater.

Melithreptus atricapillus (Latham 1801, Certhia)
Brown-headed Honey-eater.

Melithreptus affinis (Lesson 1839, Hidopsarus)
Black-headed Honey-eater

Plectorhamphus lanceolatus (Gould 1838, Plectorhyncha)
Striped Honey-eater

Myzomela sanguineolenta (Latham 1801, Certhia)
Sanguineous Honey-eater

Myzomela erythrocephala Gould 1840
Red-headed Honey-eater

Cissomela pectoralis (Gould 1841, Myzomela)
Banded Honey-eater

Cissomela nigra (Gould 1838, Myzomela)
Black Honey-eater

Melomyza obscura (Gould 1843, Myzomela)
Dusky Honey-eater

Nos. 4&5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 103

Acanthorhynchus tenwirosiris (Latham 1801, Certhia)
Spinebill

Acanthorhynchus superciliosus Gould 1837

. White-browed Spinebill

Gliciphila melanops (Latham 1801, Certhia)
Tawny-tronted Honey-eater

Purnella albifrons (Gould 1841, Glyciphala)
White-fronted Honey-eater

Ramsayornis modestus (Gray 1858, Glyciphila)
Brown-backed Honey-eater

Ramsayornis fasciatus (Gould 1843, Glyciphila)
White-breasted Honey-eater

Grantiella picta (Gould 1838, Entomophila)
Painted Honey-eater

Lacustroica whiter North 1910
Inconspicuous Honey-eater

Conopophila albogularis (Gould 1843, Entomophila 2)
Rufous-breasted Honey-eater

Conopophila rufogularis (Gould 1843, Entomophila 7)
Red-throated Honey-eater

Certhionyx variegatus Lesson 1830
Pied Honey-eater

Zanthomiza phrygia (Shaw 1794, Merops)
Regent Honey-eater

Stigmatops indistincta (Vigors & Horsfield 1827, Meliphaga)
Least Honey-eater

Glychicheera claudi (Mathews 1914, Macgillivrayornis)
Green Honey-eater

Ptilotina analoga (Reichenbach 1852, Ptilotis)
Yellow-spotted Honey-eater

Microptilotis gracilis (Gould 1866, Ptilotis)
Little Yellow-spotted Honey-eater

Paraptilotis fusca (Gould 1837, Meliphaga)
Fuscous Honey-eater

Paraptilotis chrysops (Latham 1801, Sylvia)
Yellow-taced Honey-eater

Dorothina lewinit (Swainson 1837, Meliphaga)
Yellow-eared Honey-eater

104 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD

Dorothina albilineata (H. L. White 1917, Ptilotis)
White-lined Honey-eater

Dorothina virescens (Vieillot 1817, Melithreptus)
Singing Honey-eater

Dorothina versicolor (Gould 1843, Ptzlotis)
Varied Honey-eater

Dovothina fasciogularis (Gould 1854, Ptilotis)
Fasciated Honey-eater

Dorothina frenata (Ramsay 1875, Ptilotis)
Bridled Honey-eater

Caloptilotis macleayana (Ramsay 1875, Ptilotis)
Yellow-streaked Honey-eater

Nesoptilotis flavicollis (Vieillot 1817, Melithreptus)
Yellow-throated Honey-eater

Nesoptilotis leucotis (Latham 1801, T'urdus)
White-eared Honey-eater

Hemiptilotis cockerella (Gould 1869, Piilotis)
White-streaked Honey-eater

Lophoptilotis leadbetert (McCoy 1867, Ptilotis)
Helmeted Honey-eater

Lophoptilotis melanops (Latham 1801, T’urdus)
Yellow-tufted Honey-eater

Lichenostomus cratitius (Gould 1841, Ptilotis)
Wattled-cheeked Honey-eater

Sacramela keartlandi (North 1895, Ptilotis)
Grey-headed Honey-eater

Sacramela ornata (Gould 1838, Ptzlotis)
Yellow-plumed Honey-eater

Sacramela plumula (Gould 1841, Ptilotis)
Yellow-fronted Honey-eater

Ptilotula flavescens (Gould 1840, Ptilotis)
Yellow-tinted Honey-eater

Ptilotula penicillata (Gould. 1837, Meliphaga)
White-plumed Honey-eater

Broadbentia flava (Gould 1843, Ptilotis)
Yellow Honey-eater

Stomiopera unicolor (Gould 1843, Ptilotis)
White-gaped Honey-eater

[Vol. IV.

Nos. 4&5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD

Xanthotis flaviventer (Lesson 1828, Myzantha)
Streak-naped Honey-eater

Phylidonyris pyrrhoptera (Latham 1801, Certhia)
Crescent Honey-eater

Meliornis novehollandie (Latham 1790, Certhia)
White-bearded Honey-eater

Purnellornis niger (Bechstein 1811, Certhia)
White-cheeked Honey-eater

Manorina melanophrys (Latham 1801, Turdus)
Bell Minah

Myzantha melanocephala (Latham 1801, Gracula)
Black-headed Minah

Myzantha flavigula Gould 1840 (Myzanthe)
Yellow-throated Minah

Coleia carunculata (Latham 1790, Merops)
Red-wattle Bird

Dyottornis paradoxus (Daudin 1800, Corvus)
Wattle Bird

Anthochera. chrysoptera (Latham 1801, Merops)
Brush-wattle Bird

Acanthagenys rufogularis Gould 1838
Spiny-cheeked Honey-eater

Entomyzon cyanotis (Latham 1801, Gracula)
Blue-faced Honey-eater

Philemon argenticeps (Gould 1840, Tropidorhynchus)
Silver-crowned Friar Bird

Philemon yorki Mathews 1912
Helmeted Friar Bird

Tropidorhynchus corniculatus (Latham 1790, Merops)
Friar Bird

Microphilemon orientalis (Latham 1790, Buceros)
Yellow-throated Friar Bird

Family Motacillide. Wagtails and Pipits
*Budytes flava (Linné 1758, Motacilla)
Yellow Wagtail

Austranthus australis (Vieillot 1818, Anthaus)
Pipit

105

106 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Family Alaudide. Larks

Mirafra javanica Horsfield 1821
Bush Lark
Family Ploceidz. Plocean Finches

Tavistocka guttata (Shaw 1796, Lowia)
Spotted-sided Finch

Zonoginthus bellus (Latham 1801, Lowia)
Fire-tailed Finch

Zoneginthus oculatus (Quoy & Gaimard 1830, Fringilla)
Red-eared Finch

Teniopygia castanotis (Gould 1837, Amadina)
Chestnut-eared Finch

Emblema picta Gould 1842
Painted Finch

Steganopleura bichenovii (Vigors & Horsfield 1827, Fringilla)
Banded Finch

Donacola castaneothorax (Gould 1837, Amadina)
Chestnut-breasted Finch

Donacola flartprymna Gould 1845
Yellow-rumped Finch

Donacola thorpei (Mathews 1913, Lonchura)
Dun Finch

Erythura trichroa (Kittlitz 1833, Fringilla)
Blue-faced Finch

Heteromunia pectoralis (Gould 1841, Amadina)
White-breasted Finch

Aidemosyne modesta (Gould 1837, Amadina)’
Plum-head Finch

Aegintha temporalis (Latham 1801, Fringilla)
Red-browed Finch

Bathilda ruficauda (Gould 1837, Amadina)
Red-faced Finch

Poéphila acuticauda (Gould 1840, Amadina)
Long-tailed Finch

Poéphila gouldic (Gould 1844, Amadina)
Gouldian Finch

Alisteranus cinctus (Gould 1837, Amadin«)
Black-throated Finch

Nos. 4&5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 107

Neopoéphila personata (Gould 1842, Poéphila)
Masked Finch
Neochmia phaeton (Hombron & Jacquinot 1841, Fringilla)
Crimson Finch
Neochmia albiventer Mathews 1914
White-bellied Crimson Finch
Family Oriolide. Orioles
Mimeta sagittata (Latham 1801, Coracias)
Oriole
Mimeta flavocincta (King 1826, Mimetes)
Yellow Oriole
Family Dicruride. Drongoes
Dicruropsis bracteatus (Gould 1843, Dicrurus)
Spangled Drongo
Family Graculide. Glossy Starlings
Metallopsar metallicus (Temm. & Laugier 1824, Lamprotornis)
Shining Starling
Family Ptilonorhynchide. Bower Birds

Ptilonorhynchus violaceus (Vieillot 1816, Pyrrhocoraz)
Satin Bower Bird

Scenopoéetes dentirostris (Ramsay 1876, Scenopoéus)
Tooth-billed Bower Bird

Ailuredus crassirostris (Paykull 1810, Lantus)
Cat Bird

Ailuredus melanotus (Gray 1858, Ptilonorhynchus)
Spotted Cat Bird

Chlamydera maculata (Gould 1837, Calodera)
Spotted Bower Bird

Alphachlamydera cerviniventris (Gould 1850, Chlamydera)
Fawn-breasted Bower Bird

Rogersornis nuchalis (Jardine & Selby 1830, Ptilonorhynchus)
Great Bower Bird

Sericulus chrysocephalus (Lewin 1808, Meliphaga)
Regent Bird

Prionodura newtoniana De Vis 1883
Golden Bower Bird

108 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD MolielWe

Family Paradiseide. Birds of Paradise
Ptiloris paradisea Swainson 1825
Rifle Bird
Craspedophora magnifica (Vieillot 1819, Falcinellus)
Cape York Rifle Bird
Phonygammus keraudreni (Lesson & Garnot 1826, Barita)
Manucode

Family Corvide. Crows
Corvus coronoides Vigors and Horsfield 1827
Raven
Corvus bennetti North 1901
Small-billed Crow
Corvus cecilee Mathews 1912
Northern Crow
Siruthidea cinerea Gould 1837
Grey Jumper
Corcorax melanorhamphus (Vieillot 1817, Coracia)
White-winged Chough

LORD HOWE ISLAND AVIFAUNA.

THE tollowing birds occur on Lord Howe Island, but not on
the Australian mainland.

Family Thalassidromide. Storm-Petrels

Fregettornis royanus Mathews 1914
Black Storm-Petrel
Fregettornis insularis Mathews 1915
Striped Storm-Petrel
Fregettornis alisterti Mathews 1915
Allied Storm-Petrel ,
Fregettornis grallarius (Vieillot 181%, Procellaria)
White-bellied Storm-Petrel

Family Procellariide. Shearwaters or Fulmars

Pterodroma melanopus (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria)
Brown-headed Petrel

Nos. 4 & 5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 109

Pterodroma neglecta (Schlegel 1863, Procellaria)
Kermadec Petrel
Family Sternide. Terns and Noddies
Procelsterna cerulea (Bennett 1840, Sterna)
Little Grey Noddy
Family Treronide. Fruit Pigeons
Raperia godmane Mathews 1915
White-throated Pigeon (Extinct)
Family Rallide. Rails
Tricholimnas sylvestris (Sclater 1869, Ocydromus)
Woodhen
Family Gallinulide. Gallinules

Porphyrio albus (White 1790, Fulica)
White Gallinule (Extinct)

Family Platycercide. Broad-tailed Parrakeets

Cyanoramphus novezealandie (Sparrman 1787, Psittacus)

Green Parrakeet (Extinct)

Family Muscicapide. Flycatchers
Royigerygone insularis (Ramsay 1878, Gerygone)

Flyeater

Family Turdide. Thrushes

Planesticus xanthopus (Forster 1844, Turdus)

Blackbird

Family Zosteropids. White-eyes

Nesozosterops strenua (Gould 1855, Zosterops)
Robust White-eye
Zosterops tephropleura Gould 1855
Grey-breasted Silver-eye
Family Graculide. Glossy Starlings

Aplonis fuscus Gould 1837
Starling

110 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

NORFOLK ISLAND AVIFAUNA.

THE following birds occur on Norfolk Island, but not on the
Australian mainland.

Family Sternide. Terns and Noddies
Procelsterna cerulea (Bennett 1840, Sterna)
Little Grey Noddy
Leucanous albus (Sparrman 1786, Sterna)
White Tern
Family Treronide. Fruit Pigeons
Hemiphaga noveseelandie (Gmelin 1789, Columba)
Pigeon (Extinct)
Family Platycercide. Broad-tailed Parrakeets
Cyanoramphus novezealandie (Sparrman 1787, Psittacus)
Green Parrakeet
Family Nestoride. Kakas and Keas
Nestor productus (Gould 1836, Plyctolophus)
Long-billed Kaka (Extinct)
Family Eudynamytide. Koels
Urodynamis tattensis (Sparrman. 1787, Cuculus)
Long-tailed Koel
Family Muscicapide. Flycatchers
Royigerygone modesta (Pelzeln 1860, Gerygone)
Flyeater
Pachycephala xanthoprocta Gould 1838
Thickhead
Diaphoropterus leucopygius (Gould 1838, Symmorphus)
Caterpillar-catcher
Family Turdide. Thrushes
Planesticus fuliginosus (Latham 1801, T’urdus)
Grey-headed Blackbird
Family Zosteropide. White-eyes
Nesozosterops albogularis (Gould 1837, Zosterops)
White-breasted White-eye
Nezozosterops tenuirostris (Gould 1837, Zosterops)
Slender-billed White-eye
Family Graculide. Glossy Starlings
Aplonis fuscus Gould 1837
Starling

Nos. 4 & 5.) THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 111

In the preceding List there are a few alterations which
need explanation.

Hudyptes schlegeli Finsch 1876

Macaroni Penguin
This must be referred to the family Spheniscidz, and not to
the Aptenodytide where it appeared, while the vernacular
name of Hudyptes serresianus Oustalet should be: “* Yellow-
crested Penguin.” This must be added, as it will be seen
from the photograph provided by Hull (Rec. Austr. Mus.,
Vol. XIT., pl. x1., fig. 2, 1918) and description given by Dove
(Ibis, 1915, p. 87) and reprinted by Hull, p. 73, that the
specimen there dealt with from Devonport, Tasmania, is
referable to the above species and does not belong to either
of the other crested Penguins. It is in immature plumage,
and when adult the crest shows yellow feathers on the fore-
head, but in any case this species is larger than the others.

Adamastor cinereus (Gmelin 1789)
Brown. Petrel

Priofinus was introduced for “cinerea Forst., equinoctialis
Edw., etc., and arctica?’ Pr. cinerea Forst. is not P. cinerea
Gmel., as Bonaparte pointed out when he proposed Adamastor
(see Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris, Vol. XLIIT., pp. 994-996,
footnotes, 1856). Gray gave cinerea Gmelin as type, and
this has been followed by most writers, e.g., Amer. O U. Check
List, 3rd ed., p. 54, 1910, but this is incorrect, so we have
designated cquinoctialis Kdw., etc., that is cquinoctialis
Linne 1758 as type, and Priofinus will become a synonym
of Procellaria.

Hypoleucus perthi Mathews 1912
Pied Cormorant
This becomes the species name, as we find the New Zealand
species H. varius Gmelin 1789 to be quite distinct when fully
plumaged birds, which are rare, are compared.

Hematopus wnicolor Forster 1844

Black Oystercatcher
This name must be revived, as H. niger Temminck 1820
proves to be invalid through the prior introduction of Scolopax

112 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. 1V.

nigra Gmelin, also proposed for a Black Oystercatcher from
America.

Acanthiza ewingii Gould and

Acanthiza flaviventris Ashby
are omitted. Full details will be given in Mathews’s Birds
of Australia.

Leucocirca leucophrys (Latham 1801)
Black and White Fantail
The reason for this alteration will also be found in Mathews’s
Birds of Australia, the part dealing with this species being
now in the printer’s hands.

Heteractitis brevipes Vieillot 1816
Grey-rumped Tattler
We are agreed this is quite a distinct species from H. incanus
Gmelin, and therefore reinstate it as above.

Dacelo noveguinee (Herrman 1783, Alcedo)
Kookaburra
This is an unfortunate change, necessitated through the
acceptance of Herrman’s work as appearing earlier than that
of Boddaert.
Oreoica gutturalis (Vigors and Horsfield 1827)
Crested Bell Bird
This name must be reverted to, as Lewin was anticipated
in his choice of T’urdus cristatus by Pennant twenty years
before.

Since the above was drawn up, the Auk for July 1920 has
been received, including the Seventeenth Supplement to the
American Check List, which shows a number of changes of
nomenclature still further drawing together towards uniformity
the names of the birds of the world. Therein is accepted
the usage of Catharacta, Hydroprogne, Thalasseus, Chlido-
nias, Pterodroma, Casmerodius, Crocethia, Tringa, Pluvialis,
Charadrius, Tyto as proposed in Mathews’s Check List, and
all, save Hydroprogne and Thalasseus, which are ranked as
subgeneric only, with the same status. They also accept
Sula dactylatra for the Masked Gannet.

Nos.4&5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 113

The matters at variance are as follows: Moris is used for
the Gannet which is considered separable from Sula, and they
do not admit that Moris is the same as Morus. Forster used
this name following Leach, whom they quote as if a valid
publication, and in spite of the Opinions of the International
Commission, and Moris is apparently simply a printer’s error
for Morus. In Leach’s MSS. in the British Museum the
abnormal number of printer’s errors is remarkable, and in
Forster’s Catalogue we can read Octogometra, Octygometra and
Ortygometra, as well as others. Such a matter as this should
have been considered with all the facts in view.

Crocethia alba (Pallas) is preferred to Crocethia leucophea
(Pallas), both specific names being published in Vroeg’s
Catalogue, and this matter requires reconsideration betore
final settlement, but we use C. alba for uniformity.

They have rejected Heteractitis in favour of Heteroscelus,
which they determine to be valid, although there is a prior
Heteroscelis, which is absolutely the same word and simply
shows an error in transliteration which is amenable to
emendation according to the Opinions of the International
Commission.

They have rejected the Oken names and also those of
Lepechin, and moreover are not acknowledging those proposed
by binary authors save those by Brisson. In these items
we are in accord and soon there will be absolute unanimity,
the one bar at present being their reluctance to admit the
British usage of Colymbus for the Divers, but this seems
merely a matter of adjustment in the near future. A few
other items which do not concern Australians are cleared up,
but in the Swan names they show again a reluctance to correct
an error as the type of Cygnus, whether of Zimmermann or
Bechstein, by tautonymy, is Anas cygnus L. and consequently
Olor cannot be maintained.

We are gratified to be able to record so much advancement,
and there can be little discussion on the subject of nomen-
clature for many years now, errors being corrected as soon
as they are detected, and attention paid to systematic
classification, morphology, ecology and economy.

114 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

FORGOTTEN BIRD-ARTISTS AND AN OLD-TIME
ORNITHOLOGIST.

By Grecory M. MatHEws AnD Tom IREDALE.

THE fame, for good or bad, of an ornithologist depends upon
publicity, and it is unfortunate that some of the older orni-
thologists have been overlooked. Similarly an artist may have
done splendid service but be practically unknown through a
lack of signature to the work done.

When the Watling drawings were received at the British
Museum the whole were ascribed to that painter because
they had been furnished to his employer by him, but examina-
tion has shown that the majority was not drawn by him but
by one or two assistants whose identity is at present unknown.
Further, a book of drawings in the Banksian collection in
the British Museum was also ascribed to Watling by James
Britten, who wrote (Journ. Botany, Vol. XL., p. 302, 1902) :
“ Apart from its contents (the real Watling book is here
referred to) the volume is interesting on account of the light
which it throws upon an entry on p. 253, Vol. I., of Dryander’s
‘Catalogue of the Banksian Library’; this runs ‘ Volumen
foliorum 70, continens figuras animalium et plantarum pictas
quas in Nova Cambria prope Port Jackson delineavit Edgar
Thomas Dell.’ In Banks’s copy the last four words are struck
out, and a comparison of the volume with the one acquired
from Mr. Lee shows that it is the work of the same artist.
Watling was acquainted with John White (‘ Surgeon-General
to the Settlement ’), who sent plants to Smith, and published
in 1790 his ‘Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales’ ;
one or two of Watling’s drawings were executed for White.”

We have recently examined this volume and find the
paintings are certainly not made by Thomas Watling, from
comparison with work signed by that artist.*

* Note.—Our attention was drawn to this by Mr. H. W. England, in
charge of the books in the Zoological Department at the British Museum
(Natural History) who is well aware of our interest in these paintings, and
who has always assisted us in connection with our examination of the
drawings, and. to whom we here tender our best thanks,

Nos. 4 & 5.]| THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 115

Some of the paintings were of birds which did not appear
in the Watling drawings, but were described by Latham at
the same time as he worked at the Watling drawings, from
drawings in the possession of General Davies. This fact
induced us to investigate the matter from two points—-that
of the birds credited by Latham to General Davies, and that
of the artists who had made paintings in the early settlement
of New South Wales.

We will deal with the latter item first. In White’s Journal
no mention of artists is made save “ the Drawings have been
copied from nature, by Miss Stone, Mr. Catton, Mr. Nodder,
and other artists ... The birds,.etc., from which the draw-
ings were taken.” The artists mentioned were British artists,
and in addition to those mentioned we find the signatures
of EK. Kennion and — Mortimer. On the title page, however,
is a little sketch upon which is engraved “I. White, Esq.
delin.”” and White tells us on p. 107: “ Captain Hunter has
a pretty turn for drawing.”

As we have not gained much from this, we will pass to
Hunter’s Historical Journal when we find: ‘“ From a sketch
by I. Hunter” and “ from a sketch by Gov. King.”

Referring now to Phillip’s Voyage, we see on the title page
“ drawn on the spot by Capt. Hunter, Lieuts. Shortland, Watts,
Dawes, Bradley, Capt. Marshall, etc.” Fortunately, the
charts are signed by W. Bradley, W. Dawes, T. G. Shortland,
and Captain J. Marshall, while the New Holland Cassowary
is signed “ Lieutenant Watts del.”

We have written ‘‘fortunately,” as a large number of the
“ Watling’ drawings seem to have been drawn by a carto-
grapher, as they are surrounded by the triple lined border, so
familiar on charts. Consequently, we may guess that probably
for amusement the cartographers painted the rare birds which
the artist Watling was employed in portraying and perhaps
others also indulged in this fascinating new pastime.

The drawings in the book mentioned by Britten are such
that they are comparable with the supposed cartographers’
drawings, but not with the paintings made by Watling himself.
As recorded, they comprise seventy folios, but each side is

116 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. LV.

numbered so that the first painting is numbered 1, the second
3, the third 5, and so on.
PAGE FIG.
1 1 is Myzomela sanguineolenta (Latham 1801, Certhza)
2 Neophema pulchella (Shaw and Nodder 1792,

Psittacus)
3 Chenonetta jubata (Latham 1801, Anas)
5 al Malurus cyaneus (Gmelin 1789, Motacilla)
2 Aleyone azurea (Latham 1801, Alcedo)
ieeel Agintha temporalis (Latham 1801, Fringilla)
2 Angroyan cyanopterus (Latham 1801, Loxia)
1 ttf Lophoptilotis melanops (Latham 1801, T’urdus)
2 Nesoptilotis leucotis (Latham 1801, T’urdus)
17 Alisterus scapularis (Lichtenstein 1818, Pscttacus)
27 Malurus cyaneus (Gmelin 1789, Motacilla) 3 and &
31 Pardalotus punctatus (Shaw and Nodder 1792,
Pipra) 3 and Q
33 Grallina cyanoleuca (Latham 1801, Corvus)
43 Entomyzon cyanotis (Latham 1801, Gracula)
45 Petroica multicolor (Gmelin 1789, Muscicapa)
47 Uroaétus audax (Latham 1801, Vultur)
51 Platycercus elegans (Gmelin 1788, Psittacus)
53 Sphenura brachyptera (Latham 1801, 7’wrdus)
55 Glossopsitta concinna (Shaw and Nodder 1791,
Psittacus)
57 Trichoglossus moluccanus (Gmelin 1788,
Psittacus)
59 Graucalus robustus (Latham 1801, Lanzus)
61 Myzantha melanocephala (Latham 1801, Gracula)
63 Coleia carunculata (Latham 1790, Merops)
65 1 Tavistocka guttata (Shaw 1796, Lox)
2 Leucocirea leucophrys (Latham 1801, T’urdus)
67 Ieracidea berigora (Vigors and Horsfield 1827,
Falco)
69 Zanda funerea (Shaw and Nodder 1794, Psitiacus)
71 TIxobrychus minutus (Linné 1766, Ardea)
73 Platycercus eximius (Shaw and Nodder 1792,

Psittacus)

Nos.4&5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD ay

PAGE FIG.
75 Calyptorhynchus banksii (Latham 1790,
Psittacus)
95 Dromiceius noveehollandiz (Latham 1790,
Casuarvus)

97 AXgotheles cristata (White 1790, Caprimulqus)
119 Cosmaerops ornatus (Latham 1801, Merops)
121 Eurystomus orientalis (Linné 1766, Coracias)

124 Indeterminable, signed W.T. (? Watkin Tench.)
126 Ditto
137 Ditto

The drawings on page 7 suggested a possible solution to
these figures as Fig. 2 was a beautiful painting of a Wood-
Swallow, and reference to Latham’s Second Supplement
under the name Blue-winged Gr(osbeak), p. 197, we found
“ Inhabits New South Wales; found at. Port Jackson. From
a drawing by General Davies.” We therefore went all
through this Supplement, picking out the species mentioned
in connection with General Davies, with the following results :

p. 75. Frontal Shrike). Lanius frontatus Index,
p. Xviil.
* Inhabits New Holland, and is in the collection of General
Davies.”
p. 87. Crimson-fronted P(arrot).
This variety is in the possession of General Davies.
p- 89. Turcosine P(arrakeet). Psittacus pulchellus
Shaw.
‘*“ One of these, in the collection of General Davies.”
The remarks appear to refer to the figure seen in the book
above mentioned on the first page.
p. 129. Black-headed Gr(akle). Gracula melano-
cephala, p. XXvill.
“Tnhabits New South Wales. I am indebted to General
Davies for the knowledge of this species, having been brought
from Port Jackson, by Governor King.”

118 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

The figure on page 61 is of this species, but the description
does not exactly agree, as if this were only the drawing while
Latham had described from a bird skin or preserved specimen.

p. 130. Pied Gr(akle). Gracula picata, p. xxix.
“ Inhabits New South Wales, with the last species.”
The figure on page 33 appears to have been the basis of this
description, it agrees so well.

p- 130. Blue-eared Gr(akle). Gracula cyanotis,
]Os OMB,
“Tnhabits New Holland; brought from Botany Bay.
I am obliged to General Davies for the above description.”
On page 43 the figure of this bird is excellent, and the
description could have been prepared from it.

p. 150. Wattled B(ee) E(ater).
“At General Davies's is one of this species which
GinerS.) 5.77
The details cited apply fairly well to the painting on p. 63.
p. 152. Hooded B(ee) Kater). Merops cucullatus,
p- XXXII.

“TInhabits Mew Holland. In the collection of General
Davies.”

The figure on page 61 agrees well, but not exactly, with
the description of this species.

p. 155. Variegated B(ee) K(ater). Merops ornatus,
[Os 2CO-0K
“This is said to be the male bird. I met with it in the
collection of General Davies.”
On page 119 is a splendid painting of this species.
p. 156*. White-fronted Bee) (ater). Merops
albifrons, p. XXXv.

“TY am obliged to General Davies, for the above descrip-
tions, having made drawings of them from specimens in the
possession of Captain King, which were brought from Port
Jackson, in New South Wales.”

Unfortunately there is no painting which can be allotted
to this, as yet, unidentified species, but we include this note

Nos. 4& 5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 119

as it throws light upon the method of receipt and the fact
of the descriptions being made from, or at the same time as,
the drawings, and that probably a collection of birds at that
time included drawings on account of the rarity of the actual
specimens.

p. 197. Blue-winged Gr(osbeak). Loxia cyanoptera,
joe xdhyilg
‘“Tnhabits New South Wales; tound at Port Jackson.
From a drawing by General Davies.”
The painting on page 7 is the basis of this description, or if
not, is certainly a copy, or vice versa. Until another series
of paintings is found we should class these as originals.

p- 210. White-headed Finch). Fringilla leuco-
cephala, p. xlviil.
“Tnhabits New South Wales. From the drawings of
General Davies.”
The same remarks apply to the painting on page 65.
p. -211. Temporal F(inch). Fringilla temporalis,
p. xvii.
“Several drawings of birds probably allied to this. . .
For these I am indebted to the drawings of General Davies.”
One of these appears on page 7, and the fact that several are
referred to above suggests the fact of missing books of pictures
yet to be traced.

p. 216. Red-bellied Fl(ycatcher).

“Is one from Port Jackson, in the drawings of General
Davies. . . . This came from Port Jackson, and was
communicated by General Davies.”

The paintings on page 45, or a copy, are here referred to,
so that again we must look for more paintings.
p. 253. Speckled M(anakin).

“Tnhabits New Holland. I am indebted to the pencil of
General Davies for these descriptions, taken from specimens
in the possession of Captain King.”

The pictures on page 31 agree in detail with the remarks
given at the quotation, so that here again we are compelled

120 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

to consider these paintings as more or less exact copies, if not
originals, of the remarks.

p- 371. Black-breasted Cr(ow). Corvus melanogaster,
[Os Oe
“Tnhabits Port Jackson.” Under China Owl, p. 368, is
written “for this, and many of the following, I am indebted
to General Davies.”

This seems to be based on the figure on p. 59, it agrees so
well, but the figure on p. 121, a good painting of the Roller,
does not agree with the description on p. 371 of the Pacific
Roller.

p. 372. Azure K(ingfisher). Alcedo azurea, p. xxxii.
“ Inhabits Norfolk Island.”
On page 5 there is an excellent figure of this species, which
might have been described from it.

p- 373. White-browed Thr(ush). Turdus leucophrys,
p. xlv.
* Found at Port Jackson. described from a drawing made
from a specimen brought from thence by Governor King.”
The painting on page 65 showed this previously unidentified
species to have been based upon the Black and White Fantail.

p. 373. White-eared Thr(ush). Turdus leucotis,
Papexlive
“This inbabits the same parts as the Black-eyed Thrush,
and is supposed by some to be the other sex of that bird.”

On page 11 are two paintings, one of this species, the other
of the Black-eyed Thrush, p. 181 (T’urdus melanops), and this
would seem to be the basis of the description of the first named
and the source of Latham’s comment above quoted, from the
fact of the two being painted together.

While the facts do not prove, they decidedly suggest, that
the volume under notice contains figures of birds described
by Latham as from the drawings of General Davies. It is
possible that these are copies, or more probably, simultaneous
paintings from the specimens from which General Davies’s
drawings were made. In any case until other pictures are
found, these drawings can be regarded as typical paintings of

Nos. 4& 5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 121

the species discussed above. The paintings call to mind some
of the ones included in the Watling drawings as if they had
been painted by the same artist. That would negative their
ascription to General Davies himself, but they could have been
copied by him. We once saw a painting, signed by John
Hunter, of the Australian Jabiru which recalled others among
the Watling drawings, but we would hesitate before concluding
that Hunter had drawn any of the so-called Watling drawings.

Further, in the present vclume, pages 95 and 97 show
paintings of the Emu and Owlet Nightjar agreeing absolutely
with the ones reproduced in White’s Journal, but we would
not consider these had been painted by White without further
evidence.

Then on p. 124 is a painting quite unidentifiable, signed
W. T., which agrees exactly with some of the unidentifiable
paintings in the Watling series as to workmanship, etc., and
pp. 126 and 127, though unsigned, are by the same artist and
are also quite unrecognisable. The only member of the ship’s
companies we have noted with these initials is Watkin Tench,
but of course this is merely a guess.

Then who was General Davies? His name has cropped
up quite commonly in the above connection, and it will be
remembered that he apparently received the first Lyre-Bird
in England, and, moreover, he was so struck by its beauty
that he described it. Apparently he was no systematist, and
he got Latham to draw up the description and mayhap select
the name, so that Latham included it as a last item in his
work, and due to the slowness in publication of the learned
Society before which Davies read his account, Latham’s name
was published first. Further, he also secured the first Emu
Wren, but did not describe it but allowed Shaw, the Director
of the British Museum, to do so, who acknowledged “ we are
indebted to General Davies for the above.”’

In 1787 Latham had described in the First Supplement,
p. 59, a var. C of the Blue-bellied Parrot, noting: ‘‘ This variety
differs merely in having four or six spots of red tipped with
yellow on the scapulars and inner bend of the wing, and the
blue bounded with reddish at the nape. I observed it among

122 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

the drawings of Colonel Davies.” Mathews has discussed
this in the Birds of Australia, as Kerr had named this variety
Psittacus hematotus daviesianus.

However, it may be concluded that General Davies was one
of the foremost and most enthusiastic of the early ornitho-
logists, as we find Latham continually referring to General
Davies in connection with other birds, which he had even
collected himself as: “This was brought from Quebec, by
General Davies, in 1790” occurs more than once, while a
reference also occurs to Gibraltar.

We have not yet attempted to work out the life-history of
General Davies, but the preceding remarks will show the
interest of this old-time ornithologist, who, because he was no
describer, has suffered neglect so that his name is scarcely
known. Again, we have no valid trace of the identity of the
artists who made these careful paintings of the objects of
natural history of this new country, and yet who failed to
sign their work. If this memo serves to keep alive the interest
in these forgotten workers it will please us; and we should
apologise for stating that this note has not been written for
our own advertisement, as suggested by a recent critic who
also stigmatised the drawings, without having seen them,
as “crude sketches made by a convict.”

Year for year, the paintings are excellent first-class work
and the artists, whoever they were, had reason to be proud
of their success in delineating the objects they attempted.

We have just remembered that the present scientific name
of the Gang Gang Cockatoo also stands to the credit of General
Davies as recorded in Mathews’s Birds of Australia, Vol. VI.,
pt. 2, p. 155, 1917, as when Grant figured Psittacus fimbriatus
he stated that the plate was reproduced from a design from
the elegant pencil of Major-General Davies of the Royal
Artillery, to whom Governor King presented the preserved
specimen.

Nos.4 &5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 123

SNIPE AND SANDPIPERS: A REARRANGEMENT.
By Gregory M. MatHEews AnD Tom IREDALE.

Since the days of Coues the arrangement of Snipe, Woodcock
and Sandpipers has been in a state of flux, scarcely any
authorities being agreed upon the value of the observed
differences between the species. It is necessary to remember
that the differences do exist, but the estimates of their worth
disagreed, according as the valuer was a lumper or a splitter.
Consequently we see a few genera covering very diverse forms,
or conversely almost each species raised to generic rank. In
view of the geographical distribution of the series the latter
course is recommended, as the former gives rise to much
incongruity. We have always advocated the study of plumage
changes, and Mathews has shown how the careful examination
of eggs in the allied group of Plovers gave valuable assistance.
We would employ the criticism of egg shells, unhatched young,
downy young and plumage changes as productive of a stable
assortment, and conclude that study of the internal characters
will confirm the arrangement in every detail. This has been
suggested by Lowe, who published the results of an osteological
study of some members referring to a
subfamily Eroliine. Lrolia alpina, Erolia minuta, Arquatella
maritima, Ereunetes pusillus, Ancylochilus subarquatus,
Calidris arenaria, Heteropygia acuminata, Muicro-
palama himantopus, Canutus canutus, Hurynorhynchus
pygmeus and Machetes pugnax
and to subfamily Tringine. T'ringa ochropus, Tringa solitaria,
Tringoides hypoleucos, Tringoides macularius, Rhyaco-
philus glareola, Tringa calidris, Tringa flavipes, Tringa
nebularia and Tringa stagnatilis.

Lowe added a note that the colour pattern characteristic of
the downy nestling of the Ruff (Machetes pugnaz), as well as
of the immature and female examples, was undoubtedly
Eroliine in type, writing: “I refer to this here, as being a
distinct point to the good in favour of colour pattern as a
guide or clue to subfamily or generic affinities, borne out as

124 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

it is, in this instance, in the mest complete and definite way,
by an appeal to osteological characters.”

We would have written it differently, but with the same
meaning, viz., that superficial and internal features go hand
in hand, the former being the more reliable.

Ridgway, in his excellent Birds of North and Middle
America, part VIII., concluded : “ excellent reasons for the
recognition of two subfamilies, apart from the Scolopacine,
namely, the LEroliine and Tringine. Unfortunately Mr.
Lowe’s researches are confined to only part of the genera, and
he leaves us in ignorance concerning the affinities of Limosa,
Vetola, Pseudoscolopax, Limnodromus, Catoptrophorus, Hetero-
scelus, Tryngites, Bartramia, Numenius, Pheopus and Meso-
scolopax. The first three of these almost certainly belong to
the Eroliinz, and the two following to the Tringine, but the
position of Tryngites, Bartramia, Numenius, Pheopus and
Mesoscolopax is quite uncertain, and consequently I am not
able to avail myself of Mr. Lowe’s two groups in the construc-
tion of the above ‘ key,’ which therefore must be understood
as a purely artificial one. Rostratula and the true Scolopacine
also require special investigation, especially the former, which
doubtless, on account of its many marked peculiarities,
represents a distinct subfamily, Rostratuline. It is possible
that if Mr. Lowe had been able to study all these genera when
his paper was prepared he might have found that his groups,
Eroliine and Tringine, are not so distinct as they appeared
to be, some of the genera not examined being possibly inter-
mediate in characters. However this may be, the Scolo-
pacinee (Woodcocks and true Snipes) seem to form one end of
the series, the Eroliinze coming between them and the Tringine.

The curious genus Rostratula has usually been placed
with this group (Scolpacinz), but judging from external
characters alone, almost certainly does not belong here.”’

Then under Eroliine he included Limosa and Vetola only
tentatively, but still separating these from Numenius, ete.
which he referred to the Tringine.

Errors are apparent in the preceding as Lowe, through
ignorance of nomenclatural usages and unfamiliar with bird

Nos.4& 5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 125

names, had used wrongly the names for his genera and species,
while Ridgway had overlooked Lowe’s second paper which
appeared in the succeeding number of the Ibis, where, dealing
with the “living” fossil Cenocorypha, he had given figures
and a few notes on Rhynchea = Rostratula, where he indicated
that it might be “ aberrantly Tringine,” but could see nothing
Ralline in it, nor Eroliine, Gallinagine or Rusticoline. The
last item provides the keynote to this essay as (as hereafter
shown) Oberholser has reviewed Lowe’s grouping and accepted
the three subfamilies suggested by Lowe, but has altered the
names to be used in accordance with his own idea of type
determination of families and subfamilies, proposing Canutine,

Scolopacine and Numeniinz, but giving no limits and even

questioning the inclusion of Numenius with the Tinga series.

In the recent Supplement to the A.O.U. Check List Oberholser’s

conclusions have been accepted and the American representa-

tives cited, so that we have now :

Canutine Oberholser = Eroliine Lowe. Macrorhamphus,
Micropalama, Tringa, Arquatella, Pisobia, Pelidna,
Erolia, Eurynorhynchus, Hreunetes, Calidris, Limosa,
Machetes and Tryngites.

Scolopacine Oberholser and Lowe. Scolopaz, Philohela and
Gallinago.

Numeniine Oberholser = Tringine Lowe. Glottis, Totanus,
Helodromas, Rhyacophilus, Catoptrophorus, - Heter-
actitis, Bartramia, Actitis and Numenius.

These genus names are as used in the Check List, but
in the Supplement the following changes have been sanc-
tioned, Macrorhamphus to Limnodromus, Tringa to Canutus,
Calidris to Crocethia, Helodromas to Tringa and Heteractitis
to Heteroscelus, while Machetes should have been changed to

- Philomachus.

To revert to earlier history, Sharpe in the Handlist admitted
two subfamilies only, Totanine and Scolopacinz, the latter
practically covering the Scolopacine and Eroliinz of Lowe.

According to our results a basic error appears in the grouping
made by Lowe and practically accepted by Oberholser, and
that is one which was fully exposed by Mathews in the Birds

126 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol IV.

of Australia, viz., the distinction between the Woodcocks and
Snipes. Lowe in his second paper practically admitted this,
but Oberholser overlooked it, and consequently there is still
need for rearrangement. Superficially the differences are
well marked and, of course, the internal structure confirms
the observed items. Reference to the downy young plumage
mentioned by Lowe shows a clear and easy clue to the arrange-
ment desired. It seems that a close study of the plumage
changes from the egg to the breeding adults would practically
solve all the problems present. Owing to the fact that series
of eggs and downy young are not yet available, a complete
and exact arrangement cannot be provided. The present note
will assist in removing some errors and indicate the means
of correcting others.

The downy young of Pelidna (i.e. Hrolia Lowe errore) are
characterised by a peculiarly coloured down which has been
described as “ spangled ” with white dots, and we may retain
this term.

This spangling is very distinctive, and is seen in the young
of the Ruff, Sanderling, Dunlin, Curlew-Sandpiper, Little
Stint, Broad-billed Sandpiper, and Knot, of which species the
Ruff has never recently been lumped in with the remainder
on account of its size, form and ornament, while the Sander-
ling has always been marked as generically distinct on
account of the lack of the hind-toe. However, as is well
known, this spangling is a prominent feature of the Snipe, so
that phylogenetically that must be ranked in the series. We
have here then a remarkable feature common to a series of
downy nestlings whose adults are easily and consistently
regarded as distinct genera. If we believe in evolution at all,
this series constitutes a natural group, and should be so
considered whatever value we allot to the group.

A very distinct style of plumage, showing no spangling
but an indistinct striped serial marking, is seen in the downy
young of the Redshank, Dusky Redshank, Greenshank,
Wood Sandpiper, Common Sandpiper and Terek Sandpiper.
These downy nestlings are so alike that we have not yet
seen well-marked differences, in the few yet available, to

Nos.4 &5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 127

separate the species, though the adults are easily named,
in whatever plumage they may be. We would point out
that all these seem to pass through the same immature stages,
theugh some of the adults differ very appreciably. Con-
sequently we have here a natural series, and to this series
belongs the Godwit forms. The Curlews have also young
of this style, and their relationship with this group is in-
disputable, while it will be remembered that the eggs of the
Godwits very closely resemble those of the Curlews. However,
the item to be dealt with is the status of the Woodcock. In
external features, as in internal, it disagrees very remarkably
from all the others, while its ege coloration is distinct, so
that we have now to examine the downy nestling and see
what this shows. At first sight it is obviously no relation
to the true Snipes, as Mathews has already decisively proved,
and the resemblance is to the preceding. It differs in its
leg formation which is quite unlike that of the Snipe or Red-
shank series. We must, therefore, relegate the Woodcock to
a group apart, and then we have to deal with its suggested
relatives. Mathews discussed these in detail, pointing out
the features whereby they could be recognised as differing
in their sources from the superficial features alone. We
refer to the group Seebohm christened Semi-Woodcocks, and
which included two distinct series, one related to Snipes,
the other to the Woodcock. Lowe has somewhat confused.
the issue by using the term Semi-Woodcocks for both series
indiscriminately ; so that we now propose to restrict the
name Semi-Woodcocks to those of Rusticoline alliance, and
coin the name Semi-Snipes for those showing Gallinagine
derivation.

We are confronted with the recognition of a fourth sub-
family or the transference of the Gallinagine forms to the
Dunlin grouping. We can see superficial features that
would allow of a subfamily separation of the Snipe from the
latter, but the peculiar nestling seems to compel their asso-
ciation, and as we have previously intimated, the present
rearrangement is simply an improvement upon those already
proposed, but is not regarded as final.

128 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Now, as to the subfamily names to be used. We cannot
understand how there can be a type genus of a family when
we have no basis of priority in group names. We arrange
and rearrange the genera and species and utilise names of
different values, but we do not fix types for these groupings,
nor do we amend the names to suit the groups. There has
been enough trouble in nomenclatural realms through attempts
at type fixation of genera, without suggesting similar useless
research and care in the recognition of higher group names.
Oberholser has not studied the question deeply or he would
never have advocated such a matter. Many of the names
now accepted would need adjustment, so that we have con-
cluded all names above the rank of genera should be based
on the oldest genus name in the group. In this way the
oldest genus is generally the type genus, but we don’t know
how that has been reached. Consequently we arrive at the
following grouping :

Famity SCOLOPACID.

Subfamily | Calidritinzee = Canutinze Oberholser = Eroliinz
Lowe.

Subfamily Tringine = Numeniine Oberholser = Tringinz
Lowe.

Subfamily Scolopacine = zd., Oberholser and Lowe (partly
only)

The American genera referable to the first named would be
as given by Oberholser for Canutinz with the rejection of
Inmosa and the addition of Gallinago.

To the second, the Numeniinz Oberholser, would be added
Limosa; while the last named would comprise Scolopax and
Philohela only as North American representatives, but as
extra-limital forms would include Neoscolopax, Cenocorypha,
and the South American Chubbia and Homoscolopax, and
probably Neospilura and Parascolopax, the last four genera
having been proposed for Gallinago stricklandi Gray, G.
imperialis Sclater, Scolopax solitaria Hodgson and Scolopax
saturata Hodgson respectively.

Nos. 4 & 5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 129

The species Gallinago gigantea Temminck and Scolopax
undulata Boddaert, classed by Seebohm as Semi-Woodcocks,
may be called Semi-Snipes and classed under the genus
Xylocota Bonaparte and referred to the neighbourhood of
Gallinago in the Calidritine. It will be interesting to see the
downy young of all these species and see how they confirm
these conclusions.

It may be useful to reconcile the genera given in Sharpe’s
Handlist with our present arrangement, and nominations as
now accepted with subdivisions proposed.

The family Scolopacide in the first volume of the Hand-
list (p. 157) was divided into two subfamilies, Totanine and
Scolopacine. To the former was allotted Numenius, Meso-
scolopax, Limosa, Macrorhamphus, Micropalama, Symphemia,
Totanus, Helodromas, Heteractitis, Tringoides, Terekia, Pseudo-
glottis, Glottis, Rhyacophilus, Pavoncella, Bartramia and
Hreunetes ; and to the latter (p. 162) Tryngites, Hchmorhynchus,
Prosobonia, Calidris, Eurynorhynchus, Limonites, Heteropygia,
Arquatella,-Ancylochilus, Tringa, Pelidna, Limicola, Gallinago,
LIimnocryptes, Neoscolopax, Scolopax, Philohela, Phegornis and
Rostraiula.

We admit all the above save Rostratula which we separate,
following Mathews, as a separate family Rostratulide, and
we recognise three subfamilies as given above, the Sharpian
names to be changed being numerous, as follows :

Macrorhamphus should be Limnodromus, Symphemia should
be Catoptrophorus, Helodromas must be Tringa, Tringoides
must be Actitis, Pseudoglottis should be Pseudototanus, Pavon-
cella should be Philomachus, Calidris will be Crocethia,
Inmomtes and Heteropygia will become Pisobia and Limno-
cinclus, Tringa will be Caldris, Limicola should be Platy-
rhamphus; while species classed under Gallinago will be
placed in distinct genera in the Scolopacoid series, and other
subdivisions should be recognised, as Phceopus, Vetola,
Erythroscelis, Anteliotringa, etc.

The rejection of Gallinago in favour of Capella is discussed
in the following article.

130 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

SHERBORN AND THE SYSTEMATIST.
By Gregory M. MatHEews AND Tom I[REDALE.

We have previously called attention to the inestimable value
of the life-work of C. Davies Sherborn, the Index Animalium,
and we emphasise this by the title here chosen, in the hope
that our results will attract other workers to study Sherborn’s
panacea of the systematist. The systematist of the future
will refer to the Index Animalium on every opportunity, but
it seems a little cruel that the unexampled labour of Sherborn
should not be realised during his lifetime. The dreary work
entailed in the production of this abnormal and enormous
collation of scientific names does not appear to be understood.
No honours have been bestowed upon our friend, because he
does not advertise. Had he been a foreigner, probably many
English honours would have been conferred as well as numerous
local ones. We expect he will be annoyed at this discussion,
but it is the truth. We have continually referred to his work
and have indicated errors in various authoritative systematic
accounts, through lack of reference to the “ Index.”

This note is to attract attention to another overlooked bird
book brought to our notice by Sherborn, during bis compilation
of his second volume. The most remarkable fact in connection
with this item is its constant quotation by the last generation
of British ornithologists, since one of them brought forward
one name used in it, viz., Scolopax celestis. This name is so
well known that many of the older school will recognise it,
yet in the same place names are proposed of more importance.
As we are not specialists in Palearctic bird forms we will
merely note the names proposed in the work, and leave their
correct application to the study cf Palzarctic workers.

Scolopax colestis Frenzel, Beschr. der Vogel und ihrer Kier
in der Gegend um Wittenberg, p. 58 (1801), is cited in Yarrell’s
British Birds, 4th edition, as the basis of Gallinago celestis
(Frenzel) used for the Common Snipe. This was due to Newton
who had acquired a copy of Frenzel’s werk and noted the
above name in it and concluded it was valid and novel.

Nos. 4&5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 131

Examination of Newton’s copy, the only one in Britain
known to him, by Sherborn, revealed many other unqucted
names, and he generously allowed us to collate and comment
upon these, for which kind permission we once more record
our own best thanks, and add to these the thanks of the suc-
ceeding generation of systematic ornithologists. The most
important innovation is in connection with the very name
quoted by Newton, Frenzel’s S. celestis, as Frenzel adds this
is also called by authors CAPELLA C@LESTIS. There can be
no doubt as to the validity of the genus name Capella, as in
his systematic Index on the Linnean system he indexes Capella
celestis. This introduction has never hitherto been recorded,
and it means the rejection of Gallinago Koch 1816 in favour
of Capella Frenzel 1801 as the generic name for the true
Snipes, so we have Capella gallinago, etc. It is fortunate
that this alteration is noticed now when the Snipe and Sand-
piper names are undergoing so much reconsideration.

Another noticeable point is the proposal ct Embriza palustris
for a Bunting, which is not the species later named by Savi
1829, and which must be renamed. As no synonyms are
known to us, we propose the new name EMBERIZA COMPILATOR
for Savi’s species which will be united to either pyrrhuloides,
scheniclus or some other species, according to the idiosyncrasy
of the particular European worker. The generic name for
these Reed-Buntings seems tc be Schaniclus and the sub-
generic name fcr the big-billed series Pyrrhwlorhyncha, but the
nomenclature of the Buntings is much confused at present,
the family (!) or subfamily being classed under one genus
name for convenience (! !).

The third important item is the proposition of Motacilla
celebs for the Bastardnachtigall. If this be the same bird as
called by that name by Brehm and Hartert, it will come into
use, as at present Hartert uses Hippolacs icterina (Vieillot 1817)
for the species, and the name would become Hippolais calebs
(Frenzel 1801).

The title of the book reads Beschreibung/der/Végel und
ihrer Eyer/in der/Gegend um Wittenberg/zur Naturgeschichte
des Churkreises/(by) Lic. Med. J. 8. T. Frenzel, Wittenberg,

132 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

1801. The Vorrede is dated October 1801. The birds are
described in alphabetical order of vernaculars, preceded by a
synopsis, noting division of birds into six orders—Accipitres,
Pice, Anseres, Gralle, Galline and Passeres. Throughout
the book names are given without authority, and many new
names are proposed. Why Newton selected for use Frenzel’s
Scolopax celestis and did not refer to the others, we cannot
understand. As before noted, we cannot determine the exact
application of all the names proposed, but here give the list
and hope they will be carefully considered at the first oppor- |
tunity by some competent authority. We give the vernaculars,
but it will be noted these differ from the ones now jn use and
are probably only local names invented by Frenzel himself.

While on the subject of Palearctic bird names we might
point out that Motacilla lugubris Temminck 1820 is anticipated
by Motacilla lugubris Lichtenstein 1819, and the name ot the
British Pied Wagtail must become Motacilla alba yarrellia
Gould. We will deal in detail with this in a succeeding article.

PAGE

28 Baumklette, kleine Certhia pusilla

29 Bergamsel Turdus montanus
Bergfinke Fringilla anceps

30 Bergsperling Fringilla pumila

32 Bleikehlchen Motacilla varigata

(variegata)

Brandeule Strix stitula (stridula)

33 Brustwenzel Motacilla staperola

38 Dubbelschnepfe Scolopax media

43 Finke, der gemeine Fringilla vulgaris

47 Der grosse Fliegenschnapper Muscicapa rutila

52 Grasemticke, gemeine Motacilla altera
Braungefleckle Grasemiicke Motacilla fusca
Kleine graue Grasemticke Motacilla minor
Schwarzliche Grasemticke = Motacilla nigricans
Graue Grasemiicke Motacilla media

53 Graufink Fringilla subcana
Graumaise Parus atricapilla

(To be continued.)

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H. F. & G. WITHERBY, 326, Hich Hoxzorn, W.C.1.

Australia,” when accession of material and new facts

A SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL DEVOTED PRIMARILY
TO THE STUDY OF THE AUSTRALIAN AVIFAUNA

RCA ER Oh
tn Re

i fet
{ ‘\
Va x

LARS atl
SUlt i ifs

VOL. IV. No. 6.

a iad has ISSUED IN CONNEXION WITH THE
Austrat Avian Muszum; Fair Oak, Hants, ENGLAND

EpIToR
GREGORY M. MATHEWS |

SupscripTion PER VoLuME 12/- Nur.

H. F. & G. WITHERBY, 326 Hien Horzorn, Lonpon, W.C.1.
August Ist, 1921.

a

THE AUSTRAL AVN,

RECORD.

Vol LV., No. 6. AuGust Ist; 1921.

CONTENTS. PAGE
SHERBORN AND THE SYSTEMATIST i a Wee 20 \2 23

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO My LIST oF THE
Brirps oF AUSTRALIA, 1913, anpD CHECK List,

Part I., 1920 ve i an ena leis)
Notes oF INTEREST te i: Le ae oe tae USO
AMOROPELIA a H, AS, a Ey 164

SHERBORN AND THE SYSTEMATIST.

By Gregory M. Marnews anp Tom JREDALE.

(Concluded. )
PAGE

55 Steinhanfling Linaria, saxatilis
57 Heckenspringer Motacilla dumetorum
58 Heerschnepfe Scolopax ccelestis

also Capella ccelestis
69 Moos kolbe Anas media fera
70 Bastardnachtigall Motacilla ccelebs
70 Neuntodter Lanius minor rutilus
72 Nussheher Pica glandaria minor
76 Rohrammerling Embriza palustris
79 Rohrweihe Falco palustris
81 Schwanzmaise Parus longicaudatus
83 Stieglitz Fringilla cardinalis
87 Die Holztaube Columba sylvestris

89 'Tannenmaise Parus sylvestris ater

134 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. 1V.

98 Das rostfarbige Wasserhuhn Fulica rubiginosa
Braun und dunnschnablichten
Wasserhuhn. Fulica fusca
99 Bunte Rohrhenne Fulica variegata

Then on p. 120 is a Lateinische Benennungen der Vogel nach
Linneischen System wherein these names are indexed, and
there also appears p. 32 Braunkehlchen Motacilla rubetta
and p. 50 Gelbschwarzkehlchen Motacilla rupetra, both of
which names we had omitted as misprints for rubetra, as such
are not uncommon.

No. 6.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD | 135

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO MY LIST OF
THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA, , 1913, AND CHECK .
LS PART ey 1920:

By Grecory M. MAtTHEws.

Check List, p. 15.

ZAPORINA Forster, Pocket Encycl. Nat. Phenom., 1827.
Type (by monotypy) Z. minuta= Rallus parvus Scopoli.

List, p. 48, and Check List, p. 29. An earlier reference is
STERNA GOULDI Reichenbach, Synops. Av. Icon., 1845,
based on Aves Natat. Longip., Vol. XXII., f. 829: West
Australia. ;

List, p. 50. Alter the subspecific name to
PROCELSTERNA CERULEA ALBIVITTA, as Gould’s Anous
cinereus 18 preoccupied by (Sterna) cinerea Haldeman 1843
or Stolida cinerea Neboux 1844, given to a form of the same
genus. _

List, p. 51, and Check List, p. 30. Add to synonymy of
B. novehollandice
LARUS ERYTHRORHYNCHUS Burton, Cat. Coll. Mamm. Birds
Fort Pitt, Chatham, p. 46, (pref. April 1) 1838: New South
Wales.

LARUS AUSTRALIS Reichenbach, Synops. Av. Icon., 1845,
based on pl. 1, LxvB and 1077: New South Wales.

List, p. 79, and Check List, p. 50. An earlier reference is
PLATALEA MELANORHYNCHOS Reichenbach, Synops. Av.
Icon., 1845, based on pl. Lxxxiv., 424: New South Wales.

List, p. 86. Check List, p. 54.

Butor Forster, Pocket Encycl. Nat. Phenom., p. 417, 1827.
Type (by monotypy) Ardea stellaris Linné.

List, p. 92, and Check List, p. 58. Add to the synonymy of
genus Spatula
RHYNCHOPLATUS Berthold, Naturl. Fam. Thierreich
(Latreille), p. 84, 1827, (pref. Aug. 30, 1826.) Type (by
monotypy) Anas clypeata Linn.

136 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vole IV.

List, p. 93, and Check List, p. 59.
The name of the type of Nyroca should be Anas rufa Linné
1761, not A. nyroca Linné, error for ‘A. nyroca Gildenstadt
1769.

List, p. 107, and Check List, p. 68/9.
Alter reference to Blagrus to
Blagrus Gray, Genera Birds, Vol. III., Index p. 48 (Aug.)
1849, ex Blyth MS. Type (by original designation) Pontoetus
leucogaster = Falco leucogaster Gmelin.

List, p. 113, and Check List, p. 73. Add to synonymy of
Pandion haliaétus
PANDION HALI2#TOS var. australis Burmeister, Verz. Zool.
Mus. Halle, p. 24, (pref. March 15) 1850: new name for
P. leucocephalus Gould.

List, p. 144, and Check List, p. 96.
The earliest reference to Hirundolanius reads Buller, Manual
Birds New Zeal., p. 7, (pref. Jan. 2) 1882, ex Clarke MS.
Type (by monotypy) H. ceruleus = Hurystomus pacificus
subsp. (Latham).

Add to synonymy of FH. 0. pacificus
HIRUNDOLANIUS C4&RULEUS Buller, 2b.: Westport, New
Zealand (a straggler only.)

List, p. 169. To the synonymy of Melanodryas cucullata add
SAXICOLA JARDINIL Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc.
(Lond.), Vol. XV., p. 236, Feb. 17, 1827: New South Wales
(based on a female).

List, p. 209. The earliest reference reads
Calamoherpe australis Lewin’s Nat. Hist. Birds New South
Wales, 1838 (ed. Eyton), Index of Synonyms for plate 18,
Reed Warbler: Paramatta, New South Wales.

and revaluate
“CONOPODERAS AUSTRALIS MELLORI Mathews for the South
Australian subspecies.

No. 6.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 137

p. 211. Read PooDYTES GRAMINEUS MILLIGANI nom. nov.
for Megalurus striatus Milligan 1903, not Megalurus ?
striatus Jerdon, Madras Journ. Lit. Science, No. 30, p. 169,

April 1844.

p. 218. Read GEOBASILEUS CHRYSORRHOUS ALEXANDERI
nom. nov. for Acanthiza pallida Milligan 1903, not Acanthiza
pallida ““Temm.’’ Finsch, Notes Leyden Mus., Vol. XX.,

p. 134, Sept. 1898.

p. 229. Add to synonymy of Stipiturus malachurus

MorTacinLaA FIMBRIATA Wilkes, Encyel. Londin., Vol. XVI.,
p. 102, 1817, founded on Le Vaill., Ois. d’Afr., Vol. III.,

pl. 130, f. 2: New South Wales.

p. 286. The type of Myzantha was first designated by Lesson,

Manuel d’Orn., p. 67, 1828.

Add to generic synonymy

PuHILANTHUS Lesson Traité d’Orn., p. 402, 1830. Type (by

present designation) Merops albifrons Shaw = Latham.
Add to specific synonymy

MEROPS ALBIFRONS Latham, Index Ornith. Suppl. p. XXXV.,

(after May 30) 1801: New South Wales.

TurDuSs vaARIuS Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. dHist., Ist ed.,

Vol. XIV.,° p. 378, 1803: ‘Nouvelle Hollande = New

South Wales.

p. 296. MIRAFRA JAVANICA SODERBERGI nom. nov.
for Mirafra javanica nigrescens Mathews 1912.
Not Mirafra nigrescens Reichenow, Ornith. Monatsb., p. 39,
March 1900.

p. 311. Add to the synonymy of Sericulus chrysocephalus
PARADISEA IMPERIALIS Sieber, Isis, 1825, Beylage No. 1:
new name for Oriolus regens Lesch. = Q. and G.

Check List, p. 2.

For Hudyptes serresianus, etc., read Hudyptes cristatus,
Yellow-crested Penguin.

[Aptenodytes crestatus (sic) Miller, Hlus. Nat. Hist., pt. rx.,
pl. 49, 1785: Falkland Islands. Extra-limital.]

138 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

List, p. 152, and Check List, p. 101.
To the synonmy of Hirundapus add
PALLENIA Bonaparte Cat. Oiseaux d’Kurope (Parzudaki),
p. 25, (ante Nov. 10) 1856. Type (by monotypy) P. caud-
acuta Bp. ex Lath. = Hirundo caudacuta Latham.

List, p. 155, and Check List, p. 103.
Add to synonymy
CucuLus Prionurus Lichtenstein, Verzeichn. doubl. Mus.
Berlin, p. 9, (pref. Sept.) 1823: New South Wales.

No. 6.] .. THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 139

NOTES OF INTEREST.
By Grecory M. MatHEws AnD Tom IREDALE.

LICHTENSTEIN’S SALE CATALOGUES.

In connection with the name Alisterus scapularis (Lichtenstein)
Mathews, in the Birds of Australia, has recorded data provided
by C. W. Richmond in connection with price lists issued by the
Berlin Museum concerning their duplicates. While it would
have been an easy matter to counsel their rejection, usage has
continually accepted the names proposed in two of them, more
accessible and with fuller information than the others, so that
no consistent plea can be urged against those which have not
achieved familiarity. The tracts, issued as separates between
1816-1823, are so rare that we have not yet been able to see
copies of them, but we here note that Lists (perhaps identical)
occur in that accessible Journal, Oken’s Isis. They appear,
however, to have been overlooked, as they appeared in the
supplementary numbers and in the Litterarischer Anzeiger.
The first one appears in the Isis 1818 Littr. Anz., col. 1103 et
seq., the title reading : ‘‘ Verzeichniss von ausgestopften Sauge-
thieren und Vogeln, welche aus 12ten October 1818 u. folg.
Tage im. zoologischen Museum der Konigl. Universitat zu
Berlin dem Mesitbietenden offentlich verkauft werden sollen.”’
The preliminary notice is signed Lichtenstein, and the following
list of names have no authorities cited, so that, if any are new,
they are undoubtedly nomina nuda. In the following year,
as No. 20 of the Isis 1819 Litt. Anz., there is a “ Preis-Ver-
zeichnisse der Saugethier- und Végel-Doubletten des Zoolo-
gischen Museums der Universitat zu Berlin” again signed by
Lichtenstein. The pages are numbered 77-80, and all the
names are pure nomina nuda, though a lot of them are followed.
by ““N” indicating they are new names, but many appear
to be only new combinations. The succeeding “No. 21”
continues and completes that list, but it is followed by a
‘ Preis-Verzeichniss der noch vorrathigen-Doubletten ” on

140 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

p. 82, which, unfortunately, includes Illiger’s names and cites
references validating them. It may be recalled that Iliger
had named many new species in the Berlin Museum, but that
the descriptions were not published. Under the custom of
that age these names were accepted as valid and cited as of
Illiger. Until qualified by a description or reference to a
published figure they are only ranked to-day as nomina nuda.
In the present place references to published figures are given,
and consequently such names are valid, not only as to their
acceptable status but to their preoccupying later combinations.
The names noted here are :—

p. 83. Picus auralentus I]l. Charpentier vert doré Azara.
Picus coronatus Hl. Charp. a ventre rouge Azara Mas.
Turdus xanthopygos Ill. Le Vaill., Ois. d’Afr., tab. 106.
Turdus superciliaris Ill. Le Vaill., Ois. d’Afr., tab. 111.
Motacilla lugubris Ill. Le Vaill., Ois. d’Afr., tab. 184, f. 1.

p. 84. Corvus sanguinicollis n. Pic 4 gorge ensanglantée Azara.

There is also p. 83, Muscicapa plumbea N. Corvus ampelinus
Ill., but probably this is a nomen nudum.

While all these names may be synonyms, a complication
in connection with the correct determination of African bird
names being hereafter exposed, they may invalidate later
names as the third one, Motacila lugubris; undoubtedly does.
In this instance the discovery is very useful, as for the common
British Pied Wagtail Temminck’s name of Motacilla lugubris
was in use. The introduction of Temminck’s name was in
such an uncertain state that an element of doubt must
commonly have been felt as to the justice of its employment.
Its absolute rejection on undebatable grounds is therefore
very pleasing, especially as the name to be used for the British
bird honours one of the most famous of British ornithologists,
as already noted, but the correct spelling is Motacilla alba
yarrellir.

To the Isis 1821, as Beylage No. 1, appears a “ Zweites
Preisverzeichniss der Doubletten des Zoologischen Museums
der Konigl. Universitat zu Berlin” by Lichtenstein. In this
List there is quite a large number of names, and it seems that

No. 6.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 141

many of the names commonly accepted from the very well
known 1823 List will date back to 1821. We have not col-
lated in detail these Lists, but such a work should be under-
taken by those interested in African and American birds. In
1823 was published, as a separate work the “‘ Verzeichniss der
Doubletten des zoologischen Museums . . . nebst Beschreibung
vieler bieher unbekannter Arten”’ by Lichtenstein. This is
very well known, but as noted above many of the names may
date back to the 1821 List and complications may ensue.
However, we find that all the names in this well-known work
have probably not been correctly utilised, and on p. 9 we
note: “ Cuculus prionurus Ill Nov. Cambr. austr.,” which
has been omitted by Mathews from his synonymy through
inadvertence. :

Footnote on p. 24 gives: “ F(ringilla) teatrix n. Textor
Malimbus Temm.,’ which appears to be first publication of
the genus name Textor, but it seems to be a nomen nudum.

Again, on p. 34 we note: “394. S. melanoxantha n. (1817),
Tangara 4 miroir Temm. et Laug., Pl. col. 36, f. 1, 2. Tan.
speculifera (1821).”

The dates appear to refer to the Isis lists above mentioned.

On p. 76 is described “ C(iconia) Abdimii n. Sphenorynchus
Abdimii Hempr. et Ehren. in litteris.” This entry validates
the genus name Sphenorynchus at this date and antedates
the introduction of a Sphenorhynchus which was regarded as
earlier. We have asked our friend Mr. D. A. Bannerman to
record this in a paper he is publishing in connection with this
species.

Sometimes a reference to “‘ Lichtenstein 1835” is noted,
and recently this was inquired of from Friedlander’s of Berlin,
who replied that the 1835 edition was simply a reprint of the
1823 Verzeichniss. There is, however, a small tract, “‘ Verz.
Saugeth. ti. Vogeln Zool. Mus.,” dated 1835, which contains
nomina nuda only. It is possible that some other editions
may exist, aS there 1s a small 1837 “‘ Verzeichn. samml. neu-
holland Nat.” by Lichtenstein which has many new nomina
nuda, but there is the very well-known 1854 one, which is
continually referred to.

142 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol IV.

Reference may here be made to another “ Preis List der
Vogel aus Neuholland”’ which appeared in the Isis 1825,
Beylage No. 1. In this three names occur accredited to Sieber
(the collector) as follows: Psittacus bathurstii Sieber; this is
a nomen nudum, and does not appear to have been referred
to since; Columba lawsonii Sieber; this is also a nomen
nudum, but was referred to C. elegans by Wagler as cited in
Mathews’s Check List ; and Paradisea imperialis Sbr. (Oriolus
regens Lesch.). This seems to be a reference to Oriolus
regens published by Quoy and Gaimard in the same year, and
Sieber’s name may be included in the synonymy of Sericulus
chrysocephalus (Lewin 1808, Meliphaga).

BERTHOLD’S EDITION OF LATREILLE.

RICHMOND some years ago indicated the existence of the
genus name, Hurhynchus, a synonym of Probosciger,in Berthold’s
edition of Latreille. The recent acquisition of a copy of this
work suggests the following note, as it does not seem to have
been previously examined by any systematic ornithologist.
The title-page shows it to be merely a German translation of
Latreille with additions by Berthold. The additions, however,
are few in number and provide very little of scientific interest,
but in half a dozen instances Berthold has added Latin
equivalents of the vernaculars provided by Latreille. The
citation may be Berthold, Naturl. Fam. Thierreich (Latreille) ;
the title-page is dated 1827, while the preface date is Aug. 30,
1826.
The Latin names noted are:

p. 66. Gryphus (oder Grypaétus : Phena Sav.) =Griffon, p. 69
French ed.

p. 74. Hurhynchus (the species vernacular reference only to
Psittacus aterrimus)=Eurhynque, p. 76.

p. 84. Cygnus, Anser (Anser [Oie], Leucopsis (Bernache, Cuv.),
Anatica (Macreuse, Clangula [Garrot], Hider,
Millouin, Cuv.), Anas (Rhynchoplatus
[Souchet], Rhynchoceros [Tadorne] Cuv.).

No. 6.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 143

This is a translation of Latreille’s :

“Leg. Cygne, Oie (Oie, Bernache, Cuv.), Anatique
(Macreuse, Garrot, Hider, Millouin, ejusd.), Canard (Souchet,
Tadorne, ejusd.).”’

Consequently the names Gryphus, Eurhynchus, Leucopsis,
Anatica, Rhynchoplatus and Rhynchoceros need record, but
fortunately all are synonyms. It should be noted that Gryphus
is not Gryphus Oken 1816, while the type of Anatica may be
determined as the type of Macreuse Cuv., the other names
giving no trouble.

ENCYCLOPEDIA LONDINENSIS.

As a delightful instance of the carelessness of the past
generation of systematic ornithologists we call attention to
an article published in the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,
December 1867, p. 212 et seq. That article was published
by J. Cassin, a well-known ornithologist, and displayed the
multitude of new names proposed by an Englishman in an
English Cyclopedia. Cassin made some stinging remarks
about British ornithologists, but probably never anticipated
how little they would be regarded. This most important
article has been entirely ignored by the authors in The
Catalogue of Birds of the British Museum, and it was pure
chance ‘that indicated its existence to the present writers.
How many changes may still be necessary cannot be estimated,
as with our present accurate methods of date determination
probably many of the names determined by Cassin as synonyms
may have priority. Cassin’s results show only one name in
connection with Australian ornithology, as follows : Motacilla
fimbriata Wilkes, Ency. Lond., Vol. XVI., p. 102, 1817: New
South Wales, founded on Le Vaill., Ois. d’Afr., Vol. IIT., pl. 130,
f. 2, to the synonymy Stipiturus malachurus. We are investiga-
ting the others, as in the British Museum (Natural History)
Library there is now a beautiful copy. We have referred to
a complication with regard to African bird nomenclature, and
this is the book. As instance, Motacilla lugubris “Ul.” Licht.
1819 is based on Le Vaill., pl. 184, f. 1, and according to
Sundevall the name of the bird there figured was Dromolca

144 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

cinerea Bp. ex Vieill. Cassin notes that Motacilla tractrac
Wilkes, Ency. Lond., Vol. XVI., p. 89, 1817, was based on the
same plate and is earlier than @nanthe cinerea Vieillot 1818
on same plate. Many such instances appear obvious.

_TURDUS VARIUS.

As proposed by Pallas and accepted as of 1811 this name was
long in use for the rare British Bird commonly known as
White’s Thrush. In 1821 Horsfield used the same combination
for an allied, but different, Thrush. It was then found that
Pallas’s name could only be used as dating from 1827, and
consequently was preoccupied, but a name earlier than that
date was unearthed. Previously, however, Horsfield’s Thrush
had been renamed 7’. horsfieldi, but of course when it was
recorded that Pallas’s name was later, a reversion to Horsfield’s
varius became necessary. In the Vogel der Palaarktischen
Fauna, heft vi., 1910, Hartert did not make this correction,
but we believe it has since been revived ; in the same place
Hartert, p. 648, used Turdus dawma major (Ogawa) ex
Geocichla major Ogawa 1905, while on p. 647, as a synonym of
T. v. viscivorus, Turdus major Brehm 1831 was included. Such
action is more confusing than genus splitting, as to the majority
Oreocincla is an easily recognisable genus from T'urdus s. str.
as typified by viscivorus. In the same place (p. 664) we find
Turdus torquatus orientalis (Seebohm) ex Merula torquata
orientalis Seebohm 1888 but there is Turdus orientalis Gmelin,
Syst. Nat., pt. m., p. 821, 1789. Recently —Hemichehdon
fuliginosa Hodgson 1845 has been renamed because Hartert
classed it under Muscicapa as M. sibirica fuliginosa, and there
was a prior M. fuliginosa Sparrman. This seems somewhat
ridiculous, but it may prove the best method of attracting
attention to the absurdity of genus lumping when carried to the
extreme. The lumping of the various forms of Oreocincla under
one species name is also unscientific, as the variation in the
number of tail-feathers should indicate. After this preamble
we arrive at the item of importance, the existence of a Turdus
varius anterior to either Pallas “1811” or Horsfield 1821,
namely of Vieillot 1803. This means the recognition still of

No. 6.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 145

horsfieldi for the Javan Oreocincla, as Vieillot’s 7. varius has
nothing to do with this group.

In the first edition of the Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat.,
Vol. XIV., p. 378, 1803, Vieillot names “‘ Le Merle gris a téte
noire de la Nouvelle Hollande ” T'urdus varius. In the second
edition, the one commonly accessible and usually referred to,
Vol. XX., p. 264, 1818, the name is given as.“ T'urdus varius
Lath.” and thereby escaped notice. No such name was
proposed by Latham, and we conclude that Vieillot’s name
must rank as a synonym of Myzantha melanocephala (Latham),
to which we would add Merops albifrons Latham, Suppl.
Index Ornith., p. xxxv., 1801, as we note a drawing among
those in the possession of Latham which is so named and
probably paratypical to be meant for this species. Lesson’s
Philanthus (Traité d’Orn., p. 402, 1830) may be passed into
this synonymy, the type here selected being Merops albifrons ;
but the generic name is preoccupied.

MILLER’S ILLUSTRATIONS.

THE acquisition by the British Museum (Natural History)
Library, through the ability of Mr. Sherborn, of a beautiful
and (at present) unique copy of this extremely rare work
has again completed and simplified the nomenclature of
the Crested Penguins. We, some years ago, endeavoured to
elucidate this, and our results were accepted by the Hditor of
the Ibis for publication, but we were not satisfied with the
permanency of our conclusions, and therefore withdrew the
paper after its existence had been indicated in an article by
one of us in the Emu. Just recently we outlined our results
in the Manual of the Birds of Australia and now almost
immediately a renomination becomes necessary. This time
we feel on a surer basis and hope for a little permanency to
the following account.

Forster, in preparing the first Monograph of Penguins,
introduced as a new species Aptenodytes chrysocome. He first
stated it had been killed in Tasmania and his son had made
a painting of the specimen. Another specimen from the
Falkland Islands he saw in London and commissioned J. F.

146 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Miller to paint this example. Miller’s engraving was used to
illustrate the species. When he technically described his new
species, Forster gave as localities ‘‘ Van Diemen’s Land and the
Falkland Islands,’ and in his description included Bougain-
ville’s account of Falkland Island specimens. Reference to
the British Museum (Natural History) Library, where George
Forster’s drawings are preserved, showed that G. Forster had
only made a rough pencil sketch which only showed the
character of the crest. That is why J. R. Forster commissioned
J. F. Miller to make a painting of the London specimen from
the Falkland Islands. The pencil drawing of the Tasmanian
specimen shows it to belong to the species known as “ pachy-
rhynchus,’ while the Falkland Island painting is of the
“ chrysocome auct.” style, while the description includes the
characteristics of a distinct Falkland Island species, known
as “‘ chrysolophus.” Under these circumstances we considered
it the wisest course to dismiss “ chrysocome”’ Forster as too
much of a mixture to be safely used. Since then A. F. B.
Hull, in the Rec. Austr. Mus., Vol. XII., No. 6, pp. 71-80,
pls. x. and x1., September 23, 1918, has discussed the same
item and has agreed “that Forster’s Aptenodytes chrysocome
is a composite, founded on a dried skin taken in Tasmania,
and another, bought in London, said to have been brought
from the Falkland Islands.” He did not notice the com-
plication of “‘ pachyrhynchus” and “ chrysolophus,” or he
might have agreed with our decision to dismiss the name
altogether. ee

The new item we have to deal with is the independent
publication by J. F. Miller of the painting he made from the
Falkland Island specimen under the name A ptenodytes crestata,
giving the locality as Falkland Islands. This figure has always
been recognised as “‘ chrysocome”’ auct., so that we conclude
Miller’s name would be available for that bird. We had used
the rather uncertain name serresianus, so that we are glad to
get a little certainty, and therefore advocate the usage, for the
smaller Crested Penguin, of Hudyptes cristatus Miller, the type
locality being definitely the Falkland Islands. The racial
names would then read :—

No. 6.] | THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 147

Eudyptes cristatus cristatus (Miller 1785). Falkland Islands.

Kudyptes cristatus serresianus (Oustalet 1878). Tierra del
Fuego.

EKudyptes cristatus moseleyi Math. & Ire. 1921. Tristan
d’Acunha Group. .

Eudyptes cristatus interjectus Math. & Ire, 1921. Kerguelen
Island.

Kudyptes cristatus filholi Hutton 1879. Campbell Island and
? Macquarie Island.

This is not the final word on this subject, but we hope it
will assist in the simplification of this intricate matter.

BLYTH’S CATALOGUE. .

BuiytH drew up his Catalogue, had several prints made and
distributed them among the leading European ornithologists
for correction and advice. These proof sheets were sent
out in 1849 and the corrected work was not published until
after June 1852. In the three years intervening some of the
new names proposed by Blyth in those proof sheets may
have been regularly introduced into literature by his corre-
spondents, and we have here a case where Gray cited some
apparently from that source. Thus in the Index of Generic
Names in the Genera of Birds, Vol. III., we note two. The
preface to the work is dated August 20th, 1849, with a P.S.
by Mitchell signed August 29th, 1849, and we conclude the
Index would come out with that. In the Index, p. 48, is
included ‘‘ Blagrus®” p. 18. The footnote reads “ * Blyth
1849. The type is Pontoaétus leucogaster,’ and on p. 55
“ Pseudastur,'” p. 12,” the footnote’ being “ Blyth (1849).
The type is Buteo pecilonotus.”

FORT PITT, CHATHAM, BIRD COLLECTION.

GovuLp in 1837 described two Australian birds from the
collection at Fort Pitt, Chatham, viz., Anthochera lunulata
and Hopsaltria griseogularis, and the whereabouts of these
specimens are unknown, if existent. It has only recently
come to our notice that there was printed a “ Catalogue of the
Collection of Mammals and Birds at Fort Pitt, Chatham.”

148 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

This was published in 1838, the preface being dated April 1,
1838, and the author was Edward Burton. There are for-
tunately few innovations, and the names given by Gould
above quoted are not included. Three names in connection
with Australian ornithology need record. The first is on
p. 34, “ Chalcites parvirostris Gould, Swan River.” We have
never seen this name quoted and its alliance is problematical,
as the above is the whole quotation. On p. 13 appears
‘* Petroica monticola Swains., Swan River.” This is also a
nude name and its identity is unknown, but Parker in one of
his delightful osteological studies used this name, and of course
his results are useless to the systematist until the identity of
the bones be determined. On p. 46 Larus erythrorhynchus
Lath. for the Crimson-billed Gull Lath., New South Wales.
This name we have already included in the synonymy of
L. novehollandice Stephens based on the same source. Two
extra-limital names need record, for on p. 23 Burton proposed
Fringilla xanthocollis nom. nov. for F. flavicollis Franklin
preoccupied. This seems to be the earliest correction. of
Franklin’s name and will be useful. On p. 29 Trochilus
clavigula Lath. for the Bright-throated Humming Bird
Latham from Trinidad is introduced, but this name is probably
only a synonym. It will be noted thet Burton translated the
Lathamian vernaculars in two cases, attributing the Latin
equivalents to Latham. Such names are a co.ustant source
of danger to systematic ornitholog, , as only specialists with
a very complete knowledge of synonymy are able to note
these.

HALDEMANN’S ZOOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS.

THE names given to birds in one of the essays in this work
appear to have been overlooked by systematic ornithologists.
Sherborn and Richmond are the workers we have to thank
for the opportunity of correcting still another name in connec-
tion with Austral-Neozelanic birds. The three parts appear
to have been issued on February 1842, December 1843, and
January 1844. In the second number, on p. 25, Haldemann
provides Latin names for a series of birds described under

No. 6.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 149

vernaculars only by Neboux in the Rev. Zool., 1840, p. 289.
The names read as follows :

Columba tahitina for No. 2 =Colombe de Taiti from Taiti.

— gallapagina == Columbi-Galline des Gallapagos.

Se eee HOLE Lana 4=—=Mouette a queue fourchue
from Monterey.

=== melo 5 =Geai de San Blas from San
Blas.

———— gallapaginus 7 =Tisserin des Gallapagos.

Sterna cinerea 8 =Sterne cendré (S. G. Noddi)
from the North Pacific
Ocean.

The Atlas to the Voyage of the Venus appeared later and
was succeeded by the letterpress, the birds being technically
described and arranged by Prevost and Des Murs. These
ornithologists recognised the names to be used (ignorant of
Haldemann’s “contribution ”’) as :

2. Kurukuru taitensis.
Columbi-gallina gallapogoensis Neboux.
Larus furcatus Neboux.
Pica sanblasiana Latresnaye 1842.
Cactornis scandens Gould 1837.
Stolida cinerea Neboux.

PEM hes ES

The last mamed is the one that intervenes: in Austral
literature, as it refers to wie Little Grey Noddy. The Austra-
lian form was named by Gould Anous cinereus, in the Proc.
Zool. Soc. (Lond.), 1845, p. 104, February 1846, and this had
apparent priority over the name Stolida cinerea ‘“‘ Neboux,”
Prevost and Des Murs 1849. The proposal by Haldemann is
earlier than Gould’s name and consequently invalidates it. In
1856 Bonaparte proposed for the Australian bird Procelsterna
albivitta, as he argued that Gould’s name was unavailable
through the prior introduction of the vernacular by Neboux.
This was incorrect, but now Bonaparte’s name becomes
valid through Haldemann’s interference. Haldemann’s name
(Larus) forcipata may be used for the Galapagos Fork-tailed
Gull, which has always been known by Neboux’s name of

150 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV,

furcatus. American literature credits this to the Voy. Venus
Zool. Atlas, pl. 10, 1842, where the Latin name occurs, but we
have not traced the date of publication of these plates.

In the Biblicgraphie de la France for November 30, 1844,
under No. 6011, is a note which states “et il doit y avoir
quinze livraisons de planches pour la Zoologie, dont cing
paraissient,’” but nothing is said as te the contents. If it
be true that the plates were published in 1842, then Gould’s
name has all along been incerrectly used, as Stolida cinerea
appears on plate 9, but Neboux’s name would not become
valid, as Lafresnaye’s name of tereticollis appeared in 1841.

In the Bericht. Naturg. Vogel. Jahres 1844 (Wiegmann’s
Archiv. Naturg.), appears the following: ‘ Der zoologische
Atlas von Du Petit Thouors voy. autour du Monde sur la
Frégatte Venus enthalt bis jetzt im seinen 6 Lieferungen
von Vogeln folgende Abbildungen ; 1, Lieferung . . . Stolida
cinerea, tab. 9. 2, Lieferung, Larus fucatus, tab. 10.”

Consequently, whatever be the fate of Larus furcatus there
can be no doubt about the rejection of Gould’s Anous cinereus.

ANTHUS GRAYI BP.

In the Consp. Gen. Av., Vol. I., p. 249 (June) 1850, Bona-
parte included “ A(nthus) grayt Bp. (Alauda. novezelandie
var. 8 Lath.) Portlock’s Voy. t. in p. 38 ex Oceania. Minor.”’

Through a mistake this name was included by us in the
synonymy of Anthus noveseelandie (Gmelin), but upon
recently rechecking this item we found that Portlock’s plate
was of the Falkland Island Pipit and a good description was
given, and then it seemed to be a variety of the New Zealand
Lark. Apparently it was Latham’s error, which has never
been investigated before, as he erroneously gave the locality
as New Zealand. Buller and other writers have elaborated
this with fiction, adding Queen Charlotte’s Sound as the type
locality and Forster as the describer of the form which Bona-
parte named, whereas thé item quoted above is the sole
information and Portlock does not mention Forster nor Queen
Charlotte’s Sound. Bonaparte’s name may invalidate Anthus

No. 6.} | TH AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 151

phillips: Brooks, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, Vol. VI., p. 26,
June 28, 1916, named from the Falkland Islands.

HIRUNDOLANIUS.

We find this genus name to be first recorded by Buller in
his Manual Birds of New Zealand, p. 7, (pref. January 2)
1882, where he reports that Hirundolanius ceruleus Clarke,
a new species described at a meeting of the Westport Philo-
sophical Society, was simply a specimen of the Australian
Eurystomus pacificus. Clarke’s paper was therefore apparently
suppressed, as it was never published.

CRANELLUS.

THIS genus name does not appear to have been noted pre-
viously. It is proposed by R. Tobias, Abh. nat. Ges. Gorlitz,
Wolk TV >> pt-41, p- 605 1844, for Hoplopterus spinosus in an
article reviewing a paper by Lindermayer on Greek birds
published in the Isis, 1843, col. 353.

REICHENBACH AGAIN.

PROBABLY no author has served up so much trouble as the
‘one here named. It must be admitted that he was a great
ornithologist, but his procedure does not endear him to the
present-day systematist. His multitudinous works are replete
with valid generic groups and his generosity is credited with
allowing fellow ornithologists to publish his gifts. Whether
this is correct or not cannot be determined, but we present
a case where such is not recognised. When Mathews, some
years ago now, discussed the genus name Rallina, the publi-
cation was indeterminable exactly and it was surmised that
probably it was MS. at Gray’s citation. Through Sherborn’s
investigations, undertaken since that time, recovery of the
place of publication has been made and we here give some
details.

_A tract, similar to the others he provided, entitled
_“ Synopsis Avium Iconibus coloratis hucusque rite cognitarum
specierum,” illustrated, was issued, according to Sherborn,

’

152 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. LV.

with Wiegmann’s Archiv. in 1845 and therein appear Rallina
and Corethrura.

A long list of species is attached to the former, of which
the first is fasciata, the species named as type by Gray in
1846, so that Mathews’s conclusions remain unaffected. Three
species are included under Corethrura: elegans, dimidiata and
jardini.

Probably some other species names need consideration
from this place, the ones referring to Australian birds being :—

Sterna gouldit, based on fig. 829.

Larus australis, plate 1., Lxvb, 1077.

Platalea melanorhynchos, LUXXxIv, 424 ; and possibly
Xtphidiorhynchus.

Anarhynchus albifrons also occurs for the first time.

BODDAERT’S HIDDEN NAMES.

WHEN we wrote up Boddaert’s Tabl. Planch. Enlum. we drew
attention in the last paragraph to such hidden names as
Fringilla fusca Linn. when no such name had been proposed
by Linné. Referring to the book recently, we noted an in-
stance of such a hidden name that necessitates an alteration,
as follows :—

“p. 12, pl. 202. 1, Fringilla canariensis Linn. Gen.
142 23”

Linné did not use the above name, but some years later
Vieillot proposed the Boddaertian name for quite a different
species and Vieillot’s name is at present in use as Fringilla
celebs canariensis. This must now be discarded, and the
Canary Island Finch be known as Fringilla celebs tintillon
Webb Berthelot and Moquin Tandon, from Hartert’s
synonymy.

BRITISH BIRD NAMES.

As we have been appointed to the Committee to deal with
the Birds of the British Islands, apparently for our ability to
deal with nomenclatural troubles, it has seemed necessary to
scan the Official List as to corrections more or less apparent

No. 6.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 153

to the practised eye. The subtle errors we do not profess to
discuss at this opportunity, but simply put forward matters
apparently requiring adjustment. We take this course of
publicity as the field is more or less novel to us, and extra
criticism may assist before the final discussion as to the
validity of these matters.

Anas rufa Linné 1761.

In the second edition of the Fauna Suecica (pref. date
July 28), 1761, is a Faunula Suecica which gives binomial
names for the species treated in the work, with citations
referring to first edition of the Fauna Suecica, thus—

Under the genus Anas is quoted :

- 133. obscura, 110.
134. rufa, 112.

Upon reference to page 47 we find No. 133 fully described
with a reference to No. 110 of the first edition, and also No. 134
with a reference to No. 112 of the first edition. The latter is
the one here discussed and the data reads :

“No. 134. Anas rufa, rostro pedibusque cinereis. Fn.
112 + Rudb. pict.

Habitat in fluviis rarior, nec mihi unquam obvia.’

?

This proposition does not seem to have been seriously
considered, as Gmelin (Syst. Nat., p. 528, 1789) under his
Anas ferruginea records “Anas rutila Fn. suec., n. 134.” It
has also otherwise been regarded as synonymous with this
species, but such a conclusion necessitates its acceptance as
the species name for the Duck now known as Nyroca nyroca
(Gueldenstadt 1769), and which would therefore have to be
called

Nyroca rufa (Linné 1761)

Scolopax minima Brimnich 1764.

The neglect of this name has puzzled us considerably.
As a synonym of the Jack Snipe, L. gallinula (Linné 1766)
has been commonly and continually cited since the days of
Gmelin (1789, p. 662) Brinn. orn. n. 163. Briinnich, however,

154 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

provided for his No. 163 the above name (p. 49) and this is
two years earlier than Linné’s name. Consequently, on the
data, the name of the Jack Snipe must be Lymnocryptes
minima (Briinnich 1764) and not L. gallinula (Linné 1766) as
commonly accepted by the best ornithologists.

Phenicopterus (ruber) antiquorum Temminck.

When the Brit. Orn. Union’s List was prepared it was
noted that the name of the Flamingo needed consideration,
and as Pallas’s name could not date from 1811 but should
be postdated to 1827, Temminck’s name of P. antiquorum of
1820 would come into use. Specific value was given to the
form and P. antiquorum Temminck 1820 was used.

Hartert, in his V6gel Palaarktischen Fauna, heft x.,
p. 1266, March 1920, has used the same name, but has called
the bird P. ruber -antiquorum Temminck 1820. His first
synonym is, however, Phenicopterus major Dumont, Dict. Sci.
Nat., XVII., p. 96, 1820, so that criticism was demanded.
Though the exact dates of both publications had been worked
out and published (in order to meet such cases) by Mathews
no note was taken. As the works in question were received
by the French Bibliothéque on July 22 and October 20 the
same year, the facts appear simple. Dumont’s work was
received on the earlier date and his name has priority, but it
does not refer to the European form.

In the same heft, p. 1238, Hartert has used Egretta alba
modesta (Gray) for the Indian-Malayan-Australian Great White
Heron.

He admits, however, that the measurements do not
agree and that the type appears to be missing; we are
not accepting this conclusion and do not know why he
selected Gray’s name, although we now find that it has
priority, but have not seen any published account of the
fact.

THE BERNACLE GOOSE.

Previous to reference to Hartert’s Voégel Paléarktischen
Fauna we had made this note, but write it thus: In heft x.,

No. 6.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 155

p. 1296, Hartert has used Branta: leucopsis (Bechstein 1803)
and as a synonym quoted “? Anas frota Muller, Zool. Dan.
Prodr; 9p, .14. 177642 In the Zool; Dan. Prodr: « (pref,
March 31), 1776, Muller gave (p. 14) “A(nas) hrota
isle BR. 6675.7

The reference is to “‘ Eg Olaffens og B. Povelsens Reise
grennen Island Soroe, 1772,’ and we there found an account
of a goose called in England the Bernacle Goose and a fairly
good description is given which should be sufficient for any
one studying Palearctic Geese to decide its identity. Con-
sequently, if the bird described be the Bernacle Goose, the
name would become Bernicla hrota (Muller 1776).

THE ICELAND GULL.

As the scientific name for this species Larus leucopterus
Faber 1822 has been used for some years past. In the
B.0.U.. List Larus glaucus was used for the Glaucous Gull,
but the Americans had discarded the latter for L. hyperboreus
without discovering that its ally was also in trouble.
Consequently, in the B.O.U. List two alterations seem
necessary, viz. :—

Larus hyperboreus for Larus glaucus, and
Larus glaucoides for Larus leucopterus.

This reads so easily that the amount of labour spent on
such an item cannot be realised. We might take up some
pages in detailing the research necessary to epitomise the
result so neatly. Also we have gained not a little knowledge
of the birds in the pursuit of the bird names through varied
books, and also quite a little regarding the history of the
Species named.

First, Larus leucopterus is used as of Faber 1822 and
the book cited was published in that year. Ridgway,
however, noted that this was not Larus leucopterus Vieillot,
Tabl. Ency. Method , Vol. I., p. 346, 1823. It is now well
known that the Encycl. Method. was published in parts,
and the following data has been published by Woodward
and Sherborn.

156 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD ‘[Vol. IV.

- J. and I1., pp. 321-528. Ackn’d B.F. Jan. 6, 1821.
ie 529-848. July 6, 1822.
IIL., 849-1460. July 26, 1823.

Consequently Vieillot’s name Larus leucopterus has priority
and it prohibits the usage of the later name by Faber.
Vieillot’s name refers to the Glaucous Gull, not the Iceland
Gull. Somewhere about the same time Temminck noted the
distinctions, as did Edmondston in Britain. In the Mem.
Werner Nat. Hist. Soc., Vol. IV., pt. 1., p. 185, May 1822, the
latter introduced Larus islanticus for anew Gull, which proved
to be the Glaucous Gull, but on p. 506 of the same volume,
published in 1823, he used it for the Iceland Gull and it was
so used for a little time by British ornithologists. In the Isis,
1822, heft v., col. 562, Boie included “ glaucoides Temm.
leucopterus Faber,” while Meyer in the Taschenb. deutsche
Vogel Zusatze, Vol. III., p. 197, also published in 1822 and the
preface dated April, included “ Larus glaucoides Temm.”’ and
gave a full description. Two or three names were later added,
but glaucoides Meyer ex Temm. MS.” seems to be the best
claimant.

It may be noted that there is a Larus glaucodes Meyen,
Nov. Act. Acad. Ces. Leop. Car., Vol. XVI., Suppl., p. 115,
1834, which is in use for another Gull. The difference between
glaucodes and glaucoides is slight, and whereas the first may
be from glaucus, the colour above, the latter appears to be
from glaucus, as referring to the Gull, a distinction too subtle
for general usage.

An extraordinary result of the preceding inquiry is the
discovery of an error in the American Check List. That List,
through the co-operation of the best ornithologists, is a fine
production and little complaint can be made in any direction,
consequently the detection of a slip is a notable item. On
p. 40 of the third edition we find “‘ Larus franklini Richardson,
Fauna Bor. Am., II., p. 424, pl. 71, 1831=1832.”

This is continued in Ridgway’s Birds N. & Mid-America,
p. 641, as Chroicocephalus franklinii (Swainson and Richardson)
1831,” the same reference being given. As a synonym is
Larus pipixcan Wagler, Isis, heft 5, 1831, col. 515, Mexico.”

No. 6.] THE. AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 157

As it is accepted that the Fauna Bor. Am. was not
published until February 1832, while the Isis, col. 515 was in
heft 5, the May 1831 number, the latter name has priority.

Again, in Die Vogel der Palaarktischen Fauna, hefte x1.
and xtv., just published, on p. 1738, Larus gelastes Keys. and
Blas. is used, with the following synonymy :—

Larus gelastes Keyserling and Blasius, Wirbelt Eur.,
p. xcv., 242, 1840.

Larus leucocephalus, id., 7b.

Larus genei Bréme, Rev. Zool., année 1839, p. 321, 1840.

Larus tenwirostris Temminck, Man. d’Orn., 2 ed., tv.,
p. 478, 1840. ;

Xema lambruschinii Bonaparte, Iconogr. Faun. Ital.,
fol. 135, 135*, 1840.

Such a chronology. needs revision, as the exact dates of
publication are generally now ascertainable with a little
trouble, many of them having been published recently.
Thus we know that the fourth volume: of Temminck’s
Manuel was acknowledged in the B.F. for Dec. 7, 1839, and
moreover reviewed in the Revue Zool., 1839, for December,
and Larus tenwirostris is mentioned in that review. Larus
genet was published in the November number of the same
Revue, and Hartert’s contention that the Revue was published
yearly is easily disproved by the acknowledgment of the
receipt of the numbers as they appeared in the Comptes
Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris, where in the Bulletin bibliographique
of the séance of Dec. 2, 1839, the part (No. 11) containing
Larus genei is recorded. As the preface date of Keyserling
and Blasius’s work is October 1839, and the only review so
far noted is April 1840, and also the title-page is dated 1840,
priority seems to belong to L. genez.

It is possible also that Bonaparte’s name appeared in 1839
as it is quoted by Durazzo in the Uccelli Liguri, published
in 1840.

In the same heft Hartert, p. 1732, recognises Larus canus
major Midd. 1853, based on L. canus var. major, but on p. 1723
had cited Laroides major Brehm 1831 as a synonym of

158 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

L. argentatus Pontopp. The latter name, of course, is pre-
occupied in Hartert’s usage. We may note that we have seen
a very large Common Gull procured in Britain which may
have to be considered in connection with this race.

Sitta affints Blyth.

In the Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal for the year 1846, p. 289,
Blyth named the British Nuthatch, Sitta affinis. This was
definitely stated after pointing out the differences between the
British and Swedish examples. Over sixty years afterward,
this name having been ignored or overlooked, Hartert named
the British bird Sitta casia britannica, and this name has been
used by those workers recognising the British race. Of course,
now it has been recognised, Blyth’s name, Sitta cesia affinis,
must be used as we do not find it to be preoccupied.

Some LARK NAMES.

In the B.O.U. List for the Short-toed Lark, Calandrella
brachydactyla (Leisler 1812) is used, and for the White-winged
Lark, Melanocorypha sibirica (Gmelin 1789) is maintained.
While the latter must be altered, it is probable that the former
also needs rectification. The facts with regard to the latter
are simple. In 1786 Sparrman figured the Black Lark in the
Mus. Carlson, pl. xtx., under the name Tanagra_ sibirica ;
some years previously Forster had named the same species
Alauda yeltoniensis 1768, consequently Sparrman’s name
became a homonym. In 1789 Gmelin applied the name
Alauda sibirica to the White-winged Lark and this name has
been recently used. It is, however, invalidated by Sparrman’s
proposal, as the two species are strictly congeneric. Reversion
to Pallas’s name leucoptera, which agrees with the vernacular,
seems to be necessary, and the name Melanocorypha leucoptera
(Pallas 1827, Alauda) should be resumed.

In the case of the Short-toed Lark, Vieillot pointed out
over one hundred years ago that Alauda fringillaria Hermann,
Obs. Zool., p. 201, 1804, referred to this species. The name
has priority, so that if the identification be correct, as it
seems to be, the name must become Calandrella fringillaria
(Hermann 1804, Alauda).

No. 6.| THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 159

In connection with Calandrella another correction must
be made. Hartert, in the Vogel der Paliarktischen Fauna,
heft. 11., p. 217, 1904, called a Canary Island Lark Calandrella
minor rufescens (Vieill.) ex Tabl. Enc. et Meth., 1., p. 322, 1820:
Teneriffe. In that place a reference is given to an earlier
description in the Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., Vol. 28,
p. 516, but the description is not there. It appears however
on the page cited in the succeeding volume (No. 29), which
was published in 1819. Consequently, the earliest reference is
Alauda rufescens Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., nouv. ed.,
Vol. XXIX., p. 516, 1819: Teneriffe; but this is the point to
be emphasised, viz., that this is the earliest name for the
species as Calandritis minor was not named by Cabanis until
over thirty years afterward. Moreover, we find that in the
Compl. de Buff., Vol. VIII., p. 144, Lesson used Alauda tigrina,
Gal. de Paris for Alauda rufescens Vieill., Eneycl., t.1, p. 322.
In his Appendix B to, Vol. VII. Birds of Australia, giving
Dates of Ornithological Works, an article reprinted and revised
in this periodical, Mathews wrote that the exact dates of this
work were not known to him. They are as follows :—

Compl. de Buffon, Vol. VII. Ackn’d B.F. Nov. 26, 1836.

VIII. June 3, 1837.

Suppl. Vol. IX. Dec. 9, 1837.

2nd edn. Livr. 1 & 2 April 7, 1838.
Last livr June 1, 1839.

Descr. Mamm. et Ois. April 24,1847.

Accepting Hartert’s association, the species name will be
Calendrella rufescens (Vieillot 1819, Alauda), and the subspecies
will read: C. rufescens rufescens, polatzeki, baetica, minor,
heinet, leucophoca, seebohmi, persica, cheleensis, kukunoorensis,
etc., etc.

GHnanthe deserte.

~The Desert Wheatear, a rare visitor, has been separated
into two forms, the western and eastern ones, the former being
called @. d. deserti (Temm. and Laug. 1825) from Egypt, the
latter, @. d. albifrons (Brandt 1844) from W. Siberia. The

160 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD _ [Vol. TY.

correct reference to Brandt’s name is Saxicola albifrons Brandt,
Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb., Vol. II.,
Nos. 9-10, p. 139, October 9, 1843, and there was previously
proposed a Sawicola albifrons by Riippell, Neue Wirbelth
Abyssin., pt. 10, p. 78, 1837. Only an expert in Palearctic
forms can decide whether these refer to the same or
different birds ; if they be the same, the reference only needs
adjustment ; if they differ, then Blyth’s name of Hnanthe
deserti atrogularis must be revived.

PALLAS’S NAMES.

In the Reise Russ. Reichs., Vol. III., 1776, p. 186, Pallas
notes some birds, and adds a footnote: ‘“‘ Es waren Turdus
ruficollis und alpinus, Motacilla cyanura, Emberiza minuta;
rustica, chrysocilla und spodocephala, Anhang Num., 9, 10, 20,
21, 24, 25.”

Reference to the Anhang shows discrepancy in nomination,
as follows: No. 9, p. 694, is Turdus ruficollis, but No. 11
(apparently an error in writing 10) is T'wrdus sibiricus; No. 20,
p-. 697, is Emberiza pusilla; No. 21, p. 698, is Emberiza rustica,
but Nos. 24 and 25 are Emberiza spodocephala and chrysophrys.

Whether the earlier note can have any effect on nomen-
clature is a debatable point, the reference to the Anhang
being the critical item.

The editor of the French edition, published: a year or two
later, recognised this, and has headed the descriptions. with
attention drawn to the two names, thus “‘ Hmberiza pusilla
an minuta.”’ Consideration of the first printed names seems
necessary.

ANOTHER OVERLOOKED BIRD LIST.

Ix 1817 Thomas Forster published A Synoptical Catalogue
of British Birds which is fairly well known, though Hartert
recently has omitted reference to it in his Végel der Paliark-
tischen Fauna, and the names are unquestionably valid. The
preface begins: “‘ When first I read the Catalogue of Birds,
newly printed by my friend Dr. Leach, of the British Museum,
I found some difficulty in attaching distinct ideas of the species

No. 6.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 161

to the names he has adopted, on account of their newness.
Having heard many other persons express the same difficulty,
I thought a Catalogue of Birds with the two sets of names
put together, side by side, might be acceptable to many
readers . . . In the following Catalogue, the large capitals will
designate the Linnean name according to the arrangement
now adopted. The small Roman letter will mark the names
of the old writers brought to light again by Dr. Leach. Where
I have altered them, I have put a ? (In those few instances
where he has appeared to me to have mistaken the old name,
I have ventured to substitute one which I believe to belong
anciently to the bird.) ”

As aforesaid, this Catalogue is fairly well known, but this
note deals with another and hitherto overlooked essay by
Thomas Forster which may have some interest to nomen-
claturists. In 1827 appeared “The Pocket Encyclopedia
of Natural Phenomena ... . compiled principally from the
Manuscripts and MS. Journals of the late T. F. Forster, Esq.,
F.L.S., etc. By T. Forster.” Five parts are included, as
follows: Part 1, Prognostics of the Weather; Part m.,
Indications of the Seasons; Part m1., Signs of the Seasons ;
Part Iv., The Rustic Calendar; and Part v., A Synoptical
Catalogue of the Flora Spectabilis. As Supplementary
additions to Part v., first is added: “ A Correct Catalogue of
the Ornithologia Europa, or Birds of Europe; compiled
from the best authorities, and intended to serve as a table of
reference to the birds alluded to in the other parts of this
work, as well as being a general Index to the Birds of Europe,
with the Latin, English, and French names of each genus and
species. The Arabic figures, when prefixed to the names,
refer to the Synoptical Catalogue of the Birds of Britain,
which the author compiled some years ago, and which was
published by Messrs. Nichols and Son in 1817. This reference
is used where identification of the species by different synonyms
becomes necessary.”

This Catalogue shows the British Birds in italics and in
many cases the species name is the one cited as the Linnean
one in the Synoptical Catalogue, and is not in the novel one

162

THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD

[Vol LV.

there introduced. Some of his new generic names are
abandoned, but some new ones are proposed.

p. 409 Caryocatactes nucifraga

1817 Nucifraga

caryocatactes
411 Ficaria hippolais Trochilus minor for
Sylvia hippolais
Ficaria flavescens Trochilus medius for
Sylvia flavescens
Ficaria sylvicola Trochilus major for
Sylvia sylvicola
Regulus cristaurea Regulus vulgaris
412 Salicaria locustella Sylvia locustella
Salicaria arundinacea Sylvia arundinacea.
414 Pyrrhula cocinea Pyrrhula europea
Hirundo clivicola Hirundo riparia Riparia
europea
417 Butor stellaris Ardea stellaris
418 Zaporina galinella ~ Zaporina minuta
419 Caturates maximus Larus maximus for
L. marinus
Caturates neevius ? Larus cinereus for L.
-fuscus
Caturates glaucus
Caturates fuscus Larus cinereus for L.
fuscus
420 Querquedula fusca Anas

Querquedula nigra
Querquedula. ete.

On p. 50, dealing with plants, is a note: “ This is the
Ficaria verna of Linneeus.

On p. 72. Willow Wrens ; a small genus of warblers called
Ficedule in modern books: and on p. 133, dealing with
Willow Wrens, is written, Smallest Willow Wren, Sylvia

Hippolais.... p. 134. This is the Ficedula pinetorum of
the new arrangement . Yellow Willow Wren, Sylvia
ircchilus.... The Ficedula salicum of the new arrange-
ment... Largest Willow Wren, Sylvia sylvicola. . . . The

Ficedula sylvicola of the new Synop. arrangement.”

No. 6.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 163

On p. 118. “ Redstart, Sylvia Phenicurus, according to
Linnzeus a motacilla. This bird, when the genus motacilla
were divided, ought to have retained its first generic name,
being-nearly related to the Wagtails. It is the Ruficilla
muralis of Forster's Synop. Catalogue.”

Is it possible that a revised edition of the Synoptical
Catalogue appeared, of which at present we have no cognisance,
as the names above quoted do not occur in the 1817 copies
available? In a list of “ Books in Natural History, published
by William Wood, 428, Strand, ”’ there is included “ A Synop-
tical Catalogue of British Birds. By T. Forster. Lond. 1821.
8vo boards, with a coloured plate of the Strix Scops. 3s. 6d.”
The 1817 copy referred to for comparison above belonged to
EK. Forster Jun., to whom T. Forster makes acknowledgment
on the last page, so that it should be a complete authentic
copy of the 1817 issue, and it does not contain a coloured plate
of the Strix Scops and was “ printed by and for Nichols, Son
and Bentley’ and “Sold by T. and G. Underwood.”’.

It may be that the second print of the 1817 edition only
contained the coloured plate, and it was continued in the
‘** 1821 ” edition, which we would like to see.

In the Gentleman’s Magazine for October 1817, p. 348,
appears : “ Mr. Thomas Forster has discovered in the neigh-
bourhood of Tunbridge Wells a new species of Wren; it
most nearly resembles the Sylvia hippolais of Montagu’s ©
Dictionary ; but itis dark brown above. Mr. Forster proposes
to call it Sylvia Brunnea.”

We have not seen this species otherwise quoted, while of
the generic names in this 1827 book Butor has been credited
to Swainson 1834 and Salicaria to Selby, while Caturates and
Ficaria we have never seen recorded by any nomenclator.
Caturates appears to have the first claim for the series of Gulls,
if these be separated from L. canus, the type of Larus. The
Mews bear the name Chroicocephalus Eyton 1836 as accepted
by Ridgway in his recent work. It is remarkable that such a
notable List should have escaped the note of every zoologist.

For the species Acrocephalus palustris (Bechst. 1803) an
earlier reference is Motacilla s. Sylvia palustris Bechstein,

—

164 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Latham’s Allg. Ueber Vogel, Vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 545, 1798, which
was intreduced for the species described in the nove in Vol.
II., pt. 2, p. 431.

The type of Carpodacus Kaup 1829 was esienated by
Gray in 1842, Appendix List Genera Birds, p. 11, as C. rosea
(Pall.).Kaup; this is accurate and earlier than Gray 1855
as given by even the American ornithologists.

Gray in Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, 1855, p. 44, designated
M. saxatilis as type of Monticola. In correcting the B.O.U.
List’s erroneous statement, Hartert has himself erred in the
Pract. Handb. Brit. Birds, Vol. I., p. 421, 1920, in mLoverleoling
this item.

AMOROPELIA gen. nov.
By Grecory M. -Marnews.

SOME years ago when I pointed out the exact usage of the
genus name Turtur by Boddaert I was incited to provide a
substitute for the genus name J'urtur as commonly in use,
but instead allowed the usage of Streptopelia. Mr. W. L.
Sclater has again suggested the introduction of such a name,
at least to be used subgenerically, and I therefore propose
the above name for the group of which Colwmba turtur L.
can be considered the type ; I have introduced it as a new
generic name, but it can be used in a subgeneric sense by
workers who make use of subgenera.

AUSTRAL AVIAN” RECORD. ek

Ts published at irregular intervals, about four times
per year, in parts of about 24 pages each, and
often with a coloured Plate; eight parts form
a volume. Price per volume 12/- post free.

i

The “Austral Avian Record” contains :

]. Discussions regarding the relationships and ranges of
species and subspecies of particular genera, especially (0) 0.)
those which will not be dealt with in the immediate
future in Mathews’s ‘‘ Birds of Australia,” or those
that have been. Noe an

2. Revision of what has been published in the “ Birds of
Australia,” when accession of material and new facts
necessitate such revision.

3. Description of new forms.

4. Discussions regarding nomenclature. —

5. Supplements to the “ Reference List of the © Birds of
Australia.” |

6. Dates of Publication of works about which any doubt
exists.

/

AUSTRALIAN AGENTS :—MELBOURNE, Melville & Mullen
Proprietary Limited; SypNey, Angus & Robertson.
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THE AUSTRAL AVIAN
RECORD.

Vol. IV., No. 7. Marcu 7TH, 1922.

CONTENTS. PAGE
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO My CHECK List, 1920 165

An ExTRAORDINARY BrrRD Book ie i sem Ler

Captain THomAS Brown, ORNITHOLOGIST a a TG

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO MY CHECK
LIST, 1920.

By Grecory M. MatueEews.

Dr. C. W. Ricumonp has sent me over some notes concerning
type designations which I had not given in the above List,
and these [ herewith record along with others I have recognised
through these notes. Laubmann has published in the Archiv
fur Naturg., 85 Jahr, 1919, pp. 137-168, publ. Aug. 1921. a
Kritische Untersuchungen tiber die Genotypfixierungen in
Lesson’s “‘ Manuel d’Ornithologie ” 1828, recording in detail
all the types named in that work. This was not novel in any
respect and nearly all his remarks had been anticipated in
general usage in both England and America. However, in
a general review such as Laubmann’s, an item or two hitherto
overlooked is brought to light and the most important to
Australians is ignored by Laubmann through his general .
lack of knowledge of recent contemporary literature. Thus
as the type of Prion Lacepede he acknowledges Lesson’s type
selection ignorant of the fact that although Lesson wrote
“Le type de ce genre est le petrel bleu, procellaria coerulea et

166 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD _ [Vol. IV.

vittata de Gmelin, découvert par Forster,’ the two names
referred to two different birds relegated to two distinct genera.
Consequently Lesson’s selection cannot be upheld. As above
noted, this item revealed my own error in the same case as I
had not noted the confusion and consequently the first type
designation of Prion Lesson ex Lacepede is that by Gray 1840.
However, prior to Lesson’s recognition of Lacepede’s indeter-
minable Prion, Bowdich has figured the bead and bill from the
Paris specimen (Introd. Ornith. Cuvier, 1821, p. 78, pl. 21,
fig. 259 bis), but without naming it, simply writing: “ Prions
Lacép. Pachyptila Mliger.”

p. 1. For Peronista peront Rothschild read
PERONISTA DIEMENIANUS (Jennings), Ornithologia, p. 382,

Nov. 1827 (Founded on Plate 36 of Peron’s work) : Kangaroo
Island.

p. 3. Megapodius Gaimard 1823. Type (by subsequent
designation Selby, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Types Aves, p. 40,
1840), M. freycinet Gaimard.

Add to the synonymy of Megapodius reinwardt
MEGAPODIUS TUMULATOR Anon, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
Ser. I., Vol. [X., p. 339, June 1, 1842.

MEGAPODIUS TUMULORUM 7d. 2b.

MEGAPODIUS TUMULIFICUS 1d. 7b.

Alternate names for Gould’s M. tumulus.

p. 23. Pachyptila Illiger, 1811. Type (by subsequent desig-
nation Selby, Cat. Gen. Subgen., Types Aves, p. 49, 1840),
P. forstert Latham = P. vitiata Gmelin.

p. 31. Lestris Illiger, 1811. Type (by subsequent designa-
tion Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1863, pp. 124, 128),
L. parasiticus L.

p. 55. Add to the synonymy of Anseranas semipalmata
Latham

CHENOGERANUS AUSTRALIS Brown, Rep. Council Manchester
Nat. Hist. Soc., p. 4, Jan. 1842, nomen nudem.

No. 7.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 167

p. 59. Aythya Boie, 1822. Type (by subsequent designation
Gray, 1855, p. 124), A. ferina L.
p- 66. For Circus approximans Peale read
CIRCUS JUXTA Peale, United States Expl. Exped., Vol. VIIT.,
p- Xv, 1848 (in or before October).
And then read
CIRCUS JUXTA JUXTA
CIRCUS JUXTA GOULDI
CIRCUS JUXTA INEXPECTATUS

p. 68. Pseudaetus ““ Hodgson, 1844,” Bonaparte, 1854. Type
(by subsequent designation Gray, 1855, p. 3), Falco bonelli
Temm.

p. 69. Pontoaetus Kaup 1844. Type (by subsequent desig-
nation Baird Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. North American
Birds, Vol. III., p. 320, 1874), Falco macec Temm.

p. 70. For Gypoictinia Kaup, 1847, read
Hamirostra Brown, Illustr. Gen. Birds, pt. vim., April 3,
1846. Type (by monotypy) Hamirostra montana Brown
= Buteo melanosternon Gould.
And add
HAMIROSTRA MELANOSTERNA
HAMIROSTRA MELANOSTERNA MELANOSTERNA
HAMIROSTRA MELANOSTERNA MONTANA

p. 76. Trichoglossus Stephens 1826. Type (by subsequent
designation Lesson Manuel d’Orn., Vol. II., p. 147, 1828),
T. hamatodus = T. haematopus Stephens (pt.) = 7’. moluc-
canus Gmelin.

Australasia Lesson, 1830. Type (by subsequent designa-
tion Salvadori, Ornit. Pap. e. Mol., Vol. I., p. 279, 1879),
A. novehollandie = T. moluccanus Gmelin.

p. 80. Addtothe synonymy of Harrisornis lathami Temminck
PSITTACUS NIGER Jennings, Ornithologia, p. 399. Nov. 1827.
Substitute name for P. cook Temm.

168 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

p. 85. Ptistes Gould, 1865. Type (by subsequent designa-
tion Reichenow Journ. fiir Orn., p. 125, 1881), P. erythrop-
terus Gmelin.

p. 92. Huphema Wagler, 1832. Type (by subsequent desig-
nation Gray, 1840, p. 52), Psittacus discolor White.

p. 106. Add MrenurRA NOVZHOLLANDIA EDWARDI Chisholm,
Emu, Vol. XX., pt. 4., p. 223, April 23, 1921; Stanthorpe,
South Queensland.

Northiella haematogaster narethae.

This seems to be the correct name for the new form described
and figured in the Emu, Vol. XXI., p. 81, pl. 12, Oct. 3, 1921,
as Psephotus narethe H. L. White.

The specimens presented by Mr. H. L. White to the British
Museum have been compared, and the result seems certain
that this is simply a further geographical variant of the well-
known species. There is much more difference seen between
typical hematogaster with the yellow vent and hematorrhous
with the red vent than between S2lvadori’s pallescens and the
present form. The latter is separable from the Cooper’s Creek
birds collected by Mr. 8. White, on Oct. 9, 1863, by the slightly
differené shade of blue on the face and cheeks, notably by the
brighter yellow abdomen with entire suppression of red and
by the red under tail-coverts instead of yellow: above the
new form is slightly darker on the back and the lower back is
green instead of greyish and the upper tail-coverts are darker
green, the outer median wing-coverts orange instead of greenish
though these show a tinge of red. The specimens slightly
differ from the description.

Two birds collected by Mr. 8. White as above differ notice-
ably : one being paler on the breast but with a much larger
patch of red on the abdomen, the patch on the other being
very small.

In all the normal yellow-vented birds a tinge of red can be
seen in the under tail-coverts while some have red and yellow
mixed and others have a few red feathers in the upper wing-
coverts as noted by Salvadori (loc. cit).

No 7] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 169

The extraordinary feature of the new race is the absence of
red on the abdomen combined with the presence of red under
tail-coverts, while the bright yellow colouring of the abdomen
and the green of the lower back are very striking. Neverthe-
less the authorities at the British Museum are agreed that the
value of the bird appears to be subspecific, and that later
absolute connecting links will be found.

The following refer to my 1913 List :—

p. 286. Myzantha Vigors and Horsfield, 1827. Type (by
subsequent designation, Lesson, Manuel d’Orn., Vol. IT.,
p. 67, 1828), M. garrulus Latham.

p. 294. Anthus Bechstein, 1805. Type (by subsequent designa-
tion, Selby, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Types Birds, p. 12, 1840),
Anthus pratensis.

p. 288. Creadion Vieillot, Analyse Nouv. Ornith., p. 36,
April 14, 1816. Type (by subsequent designation, Lesson,
Compl. de Ciuvres Buffon, Vol. IX., p. 7, 1837), Corvus
paradovus Latham = Daudin.

This will replace Dyottornis Mathews, 1912.

Read

CREADION PARADOXUS

CREADION PARADOXUS PARADOXUS
CREADION PARADOXUS WESTERNENSIS

Creadion was introduced by Vieillot in his Analyse nouv.
Ornith., p. 34, 1816, with a diagnosis and attached thereto
were three names thus: “ Sturnus carunculatus, Merops
carunculatus, Corvus paradoxus Lath.”

The following year in the Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., nouv. ed.,
Vol. VUII., p. 390, the genus was fully described, and no type
was selected, but two divisions were indicated. In the Ency.
Method. and in the Galerie des Oiseaux nothing was added but
in the latter book the Merops is figured.

Lesson in the Manuel d@ Ornith., Vol. I., p. 68, 1828, wrote :
“ Phillanthe, Anthocera Horsf. et. Vig.: Creadion, creadion

170 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Vieill.; et Dilophe, dilophus Vieill. ‘ L’espéce qui sert de
type au genre philanthe avait déja porté M. Vieillot a établir
le genre creadion, qu’il plagait a coté des étourneaux, par une
analogie forcée et tout-a-fait fictive.’ ”’

While quibbles might be raised concerning this being a
rigid type designation, nothing can be urged against the
clean statement made by Lesson in the Compl. de Oeuvres
Buffon, Vol. I[X., p. 7, 1837, when he wrote: “ Creadion
Vieillot. Le type de ce genre, et sans contredit la seule espéce
qu’on doive y admettre est le creadion a pendeloques®, qui
habite la terre de Diemen.”’

3Pie a pendeloques Daudin t. 11, pl. 16.
Creadion carunculatus Vieill. Gal., pl. 94.
Merops carunculatus Lath.

Corvus paradoxus id., etc.

Consequently Creadion is only available for the Tasmanian

bird and must displace Dyottornis, which I lately proposed
for it.

p. 314. Coronica Gould, Synops. Birds Aust., pt. I., Jan. 1837.
Type (by subsequent designation, Selby, Cat. Gen. Subgen.
Types Birds, p. 16, 1840), Coronica fuliginosa Gould.

The following dates of publications are of interest :

Horsfield in Zool. Researches in Java 1821, in the text of
Tapirus malayanus says that Vol. XIII., pt. 1, of the Trans.
Linn. Soc. (Lond.) was published in May, 1821.

Shaw, Zool. New Holland, Vol. L, pt. 1, 1794, pt. 1., 1794,

pt. ur, 1795 (Cf. Gottingisches Journal, Vol. I., Heft. 2,
p. 143).

Gray List Sp. Birds Brit. Mus., pt. 11., p. 95, 1844. Received
by Boston Society Nat. Hist. on or before Oct. 2, 1844.

Seebohm Geogr. Dist. Charad., 1888. This is given in Zool.
Record (Aves) for the year 1887. And Seebohm sent
the Smithsonian Institute a copy with a dedication written
by him, dated December 25, 1887.

No. 7.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 171

Bennett, Gardens Menag. Zool. Soc, 1831. To appear in
monthly parts. Part 1. is noted in Loudon’s Mag. for July,
1829, p. 241. Parts 1-111 in same for January, 1830, p. 81.
No. 10 published in July, 1830, and Bennett writing on
March 10, 1831, says “two volumes now completed.”
(Cf. Loudon’s Mag., Vol. IV., p. 200).

Brandt, Descr. Icon. Anim. Russ. Nov. Aves, fasc., 1836,
before September 5. (Cf. Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp., St. Petersb.,
for Sept 5, 1836).

Mem l’Acad. Imp. Sci., St. Petersb. Ser. VI, Vol. V., pt. 11,
Oct. 1840. (Cf. Ricker, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXI.,
pp. 11-18. 1908).

Burmeister, Verzeichn, Zool. Mus. Halle, 1850, before Sept. 15.

Jacquinot et Pucheran, Voy. Pole Sud. Zool., Vol. III., 1853.
Received by Paris Acad. Sci., Oct. 10, 1853.

Horsfield and Moore, Cat. Birds Mus. E. India Comp., Vol. IT.,
1857. Received Asiat. Soc., Bengal in Sept.-Oct., 1858.
(Cf. Journal As. Soc. Beng., Vol. XXVII., p. 390, 1858.

172 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

AN EXTRAORDINARY BIRD BOOK.
By Grecory M. Matruews anp Tom IREDALE.

We have recorded from time to time some peculiar literary
efforts in connection with ornithology, but the present case
is one of the most extraordinary items we have noted.

‘“ Ornithologia, or The Birds; a poem in two parts, by
James Jennings, 1828,” is not an unknown title, but probably
very few ornithologists of the present generation have ever
examined it, or was curiosity evinced in it. The opportunity
of acquiring a “Second Edition, with additions and
corrections ”’ instigated this note, as examination revealed
facts which suggested the above title.

As subsidiary to the Poem is ‘“‘an Introduction to their
Natural History; and Copious Notes”; and on p. 32, after
a Synopsis of Linné’s System has been given and some notes
regarding such, this is recorded: “A Synepsis of Dr. Latham’s
Last Work on Birds. The Latin names of the Genera are
supplied, in part, from the Index Ornithologicus of Dr. Latham,
and the remainder from private information kindly com-
municated by Dr. L. from his MS. copy of a new edition
of the index not yet published.” In this Synopsis the new
generic names Anthophagus for the Honey-EKater (p. 33)
and Pteropus for the Fin-foot (p. 36) immediately attract
attention. These two names have previously escaped the
eyes of recorders, and as both prove to be preoccupied they
can cause no alterations. It may be as well to renew the fact
that Newton has put on record the information that Latham’s
MS. Index, which never was published, came into his hands
and is in his Library, which, to the disgrace of Cambridge
University, appears to be in a most neglected state.

The book begins with a Preface wherein Jennings discusses
the usage of scientific terms as opposed to vernaculars, and
concludes Poetry will prove a profitable vehicle for the popular-
ising of the. study of ornithology. Therefore, in the poem
he has not used scientific names, but by means of notes has

No. 7.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 173

given a scientific review of bird knowledge, incorporating
his own observations on British birds. Hence, upon opening
the book, we commonly find only two lines of poetry on the
page, the remainder being occupied by the explanatory notes.
As instance: “There were Woopcocks (10), and SNIpEs,
both GratuatTors of fame. Now distinguished, ah me!
in our annals as Game.” The next four and a half pages (bar
the usual two lines of poetry at the head of the page) are
occupied by the explanation of (10), beginning: ‘“ Order,
Gralle (Linn), Woodcock, Snipe, Curlew, Godwit, Green-
shank, etc. The genus Scolopax (Linn.) to which the Woodcock,
Scolopax Rusticola, belongs, consists of fifty-six or more species,
of which fifteen are common to this country.” Then the
genus is characterised and the Woodcock, Common Snipe,
Great Snipe, Jack Snipe, Jadreka Snipe, Spotted Snipe,
Godwit, etc., etc., are all described, and general habits, nests
and eggs and odd notes given. As these notes are based
more or less on Latham’s General History of Birds, they are
comparatively accurate. The poem is in two parts, the. first-
dealing with British and European Birds and occupying
pages 99-298, and the second of Foreign Birds, pages 301-436.
A glossary of terms of four pages follows, and then the Index,
covering pages 441-468 and completely citing the vernaculars
and scientific names used in this work.

The first nearly 100 pages is worthy of note, as after the
preface of XIv. pages, contents and addenda and corrigenda
run to p. xxIx. The Introduction takes up 96 pages and
begins with a piece of poetry of general interest, noting well-
known places round London where birds could be observed.
As he states he lived most of his lite in Somersetshire, apparently
he came to London before this book was written. Towards
the end of the piece of poetry he gives a long note regarding
birds’ nests.

At page 26 he drops poetry altogether and deals in prose
with the Natural History of Birds, first quoting Linné’s
Genera of Birds, then noting Pennant, Latham and Brisson,
writing: “it is hoped nothing of importance in the Natural
History of Birds has been omitted.” Then follows the

174 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

synopsis of Latham’s conclusions already noted, succeeded
by a review of Vigors’ Quinary Arrangement and suggests
the usage of English names based upon Vigors’ Latin ones,
thus Grallators for the Grallatores, then for the divisions of
Raptors suggests Falconids, Vulturids, Strigids, and so on.
It is well known these names did not gain acceptance, yet
to-day in connection with the lower classes of zoology, where
vernaculars are rarely used, such terms are constantly coined
with convenience. Then follow general notes on the structure,
anatomy, senses, blood, crops, etc., habits, sleep, pairing,
incubation, songs, migration, etc., quite a useful little
commentary, and as above noted, for the time comparatively
accurate.

On account of the usage of Latham’s MS. Index one or two
scientific names occur herein for the first time, and these
do not appear to have been previously recorded insynonymy.

On p. 319 “ Cinnyris affinis (Linn. Transact., Vol. XIII.),”
is described and as a synonym is given Anthophagus olivaceus
Lath.

On p. 329: “The genus Anthophagus Lath. or Honey-
Eater consists of seventy species,’ and is described : “ This
genus is also divided by Dr. Latham into those with thrush-
like bills, and those with creeper bills. The following are
examples of each: The Cincinnatus (Lath.) Poe-Honey-Eater,
fully described, and The Great Hooked-billed Honey-Eater,
Certhia pacifica, also fully described.

On p. 382 appears: “The Casuarius Diemenianus (Lath.)
or Van Diemen’s Land Cassowary,” the description abbreviated
from Latham’s account. (Gen. Hist. Birds, Vol. VIII., p. 384).

On p. 390: “ The genus Pteropus, or Fin-foot, of Dr. Latham,
consists of two species.... The Africanus, or African
Fin-foot. . . . inhabits Africa... . The Surinamensis, or
American Fin-foot inhabits Surinam. Psitiacus niger is
suggested on p. 399 for Cook’s Cockatoo, P. cookii Temminck.

Anthophagus must have a type named so that it can be
_cited in synonymy, and it seems as well to select the first
-mentioned in connection, A. olivaceus Lath., i.e. Cinnyris
affinis Horsfield, and this is here so designated. This places

No. 7.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 175

Anthophagus as a synonym of Arachorothera and Anthophagus
Gravenhorst, Coleopt. micr. p. 120, 1802, effectually prohibits
its later usage by any means.

Pteropus similarly must be fixed, and we select the first
named P. africanus as the type, and thus it becomes a synonym
of Podica, but it is also preoccupied by Pteropus Brisson,
Reg. Anim., p. 153, 1762.

The species, P. africanus, is well figured and described in
Latham’s General History, and it appears to be the South
African form known as P. pecterst, a much later name. The
matter is complex, but it is very possible that Jennings’ name
must come into use. We have discussed this item with
Mr. J. Chapin, of the American Museum, who has been study-
ing these birds and it was decided that unless the type can
be traced or the type locality be determined, the name must
be regarded as a synonym of the earlier H. senegalensis, as
Latham’s complete description and good figure are applicable
to the immature specimens of either species.

Jennings’ name Casuarius diemenianus is founded on
Latham’s description (Gen. Hist. Birds, Vol. VIII., p. 384,
1823), of Lesueur’s plate 36 in Peron’s Voy. Décowy. Terres
Australes, 1816. This plate is reproduced in Mathews’ Birds
of Australia, Vol. I., plate 4, Oct. 31st, 1910. As Lesueur’s
plate represents the Kangaroo Island bird, its name is
Dromaius diemenianus or Peronista diemenianus.

[If Dromaius diemenianus (Jennings) be considered too much
like Dromaius diemenensis Le Souét, then I name the bird
figured and described in my Birds of Australia, Vol. I., pl. 2,
p. 14, 1910, Dromaius novehollandice gunni.—G. M. M.]

Although the title page of the first edition bears the date
1828, it was published the first week in November 1827.

The second edition appeared towards the end of 1829, all
the new matter being contained in the ‘ Preliminary Notices,”
and this deals with criticisms, omissions and additions but
offers no more new names.

Jennings also published “Pleasures of Ornithology” in
September 1828, which we have not yet seen.

176 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

CAPTAIN THOMAS BROWN, OCRNITHOLOGIST.
By Grecory M. MaruHews anp Tom I[REDALE.

THE name of Captain Thomas Brown (always use the Captain,
otherwise the name is not uncommon) is very familiar to one
of us, acquainted a little with conchological items. Conse-
quently the recognition that the Captain had also touched
upon ornithological writings was intriguing, as the Captain
never dealt with a subject without introducing some novelty.
As this is probably the first time Brown has been written

about in connection with ornithology (but it will certainly

not be the last) it may be recorded that apparently he was
endowed with restless energy and ambition, but many of his
ideas never fructified. Further, the methods of publication
of his conchological writings proved so complex that even the
indefatigable Sherborn, who probed into the matter, was
compelled to confess that finality had not been achieved in
his results. His ornithological writings promise even more
trouble, as already the few items met with have provided more
than their fair share of complications. —

Brown has been accused of piracy and anticipating other
people’s suggestions, but we cannot altogether agree with this
view from the facts available.

A not uncommon little book is entitled ‘‘ The Miscellany / of /
Natural History. / Volume I, / Parrots. / By / Sir
Thomas Dick Lauder, Bart., F.R.S.E. / and Capt. Thomas
Brown, F.L.S. / The engravings / By Joseph B. Kidd, Esq. /
Member of the Scottish Academy of Painting, Sculpture, /
and Architecture. / and this appeared in 1833. This is exactly

‘on the same pattern and style as the well-known Jardine’s

Naturalist’s Library, which appeared the same year. The
latter work was a great success, while Brown’s never got
beyond this first volume. Possibly this note will bring forth
the facts concerning this supposed piracy, as the coinci-
dental issue is very remarkable and may be the source of the
accusation.

No. 7.3 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD — 177

At the end of this little volume is an inset “The Miscellany
of Natural History Advertiser,’ and on p. 16 is “ Recently
Published. White’s Natural History of Selbourne.... .
Notes by Captain Thomas Brown,” and then “This Day is
published. J. Part IX... . Illustrations of American
Ornithology. . .. Captain Thomas Brown. ... The illus-
trations will comprise, not only the whole of the birds given
by Alexander Wilson and Charles Lucian Bonaparte...
but will also contain various newly discovered species. . .
To be completed in sixteen parts, each containing Five beauti-
fully coloured Plates...” “... II. Illustrations of the
Game Birds of All Countries, coloured atter Nature, and chiefly
of the size of the originals. By Captain Thomas Brown.”’

We don’t exactly see how the first mentioned of these can
be regarded as a piracy, while the second, which as far as we
have yet traced never appeared, seems entirely original.

The Ilustrations of American Ornithology is one of the
rarest and most expensive of ornithological works, and the
examination of the example lately in the Godman Library
did no} reveal any new names, the “ newly discovered species ”
apparently referring to those described by other authors since
the time of Wilson.

Some months ago we made note of another work on Birds
by Captain Thomas Brown, and noted it was in the Library of
the Zoological Society of London. Upon reference we were
surprised to find that the copy there consisted of a few numbers
in wrappers, bound up with the wrappers but not in order,
and presented an inexplicable problem. As among these a
new genus of Australian birds was seen, it was essential to
trace the whole of the work and determine the facts. This
was not easily done, but as the bird described was stated to be
in the Museum of the Manchester Natural History Society,
of which Captain Thomas Brown was Curator, investigation
was extended to that City.

Dr. W. M. Tattersall, the Keeper of the Manchester Museum,
and Mr. T. E. Coward, the well-known Ornithologist, assisted
in the search with good results. The bird could not be traced
nor any record, nor was a copy of the work in the Museum,

178 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

but Mr. Coward had several parts in his possession, and these
were handed to us for examination, and provide the basis
of the following account, the other copies known being used
in conjunction.

The wrapper has at the top No. 1 Price 3s., and at the foot
April 1845. The centre carries the following “ Illustrations /
of the / Genera of Birds, / embracing their / Generic Characters ;
/ with / Sketches of their Habits. / By / Captain Thomas
Brown, / M.W.S., M.P.S., M.M.G.S., / Formerly President of
the Royal Physical Society, and Present Curator of the
Manchester Natural History Society’s / Museum, Author of
Illustrations of the Fossil Conchology and: of Illustrations
of the Recent / Conchology of Great Britain and Ireland,
&c., &c., &c. / London: / Smith, Elder & Co., 65, Cornhill. /
Edinburgh: / Maclachlan & Stewart, 64, South Bridge. /
Peter Brown, Printer, Edinburgh. . .”

Some wrappers differ in no respect save that the name of
the publisher reads “ Manchester: / James Ainsworth, 93,
Piccadilly. . .”

On the back of the cover of the first part is “ Prospectus.
The only European Work on the Genera of Birds is Vieillot’s
Galerie des Oiseaux, published at Paris in 1825, with in-
differently executed Lithographic Ilustrations, at the price
of £16 10s. Since the appearance of that Work, the number
of Genera have been considerably augmented, owing to the
great influx of species and the advanced state of the science.
The Work now proposed will be illustrated by Engravings
on Steel... The general arrangement of the Genera of
Birds will be that of Baron Cuvier, as modified by Mr. George
Robert Gray and adopted in the British Museum... .
As the Author has been upwards of five years engaged in
preparing materials for the present Work, and many of the
Plates being already engraved, he can pledge himself as to the
regular appearance of a Monthly Number. The size of the
work is Imperial Quarto, and will extend to about 50 Numbers,
each containing Four highly-finished Coloured Plates, engraved.
on Steel in the Line manner, accompanied by Letter-press
Descriptions of their Generic Characters, and Sketches of the

No. 7.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 179

General Habits of their respective Families and Genera, with
occasional representations of the Heads, Feet and Wings
engraved on separate plates.”

Part I. includes coloured plates of Blue Jay (Garrulus
cristatus), Canada Grouse (T'etrao canadensis), Yellow-tailed
Gnat-Catcher (Setophaga ruticilla), Roseate Spoonbill (Platalea
ajaya) and black plate of heads and feet of members of the
Tetraonine and Pterocine (Sand Grouse). Four pages of
text unnumbered but bearing a signature “A” accompany
these dealing with “Order [. Accipitres-Linneus.” Full
diagnoses are given of the Order, Tribe, Family and Genera,
but no list of species.

Part Il. has four coloured plates: Broadwinged Buzzard
(Buteo pennsylvanicus), Lapland Long-Spur Bunting
(Plectrophanes lapponicus), Carolina Parrot (Arara carolinensis)
and Virginian Ortyx (Oriyx virginiana). There are again
four pages of text, but nothing more erratic has ever been
seen. The first page bears the signature ““N ” and deals with
“Order V. Galline. Tribe IV. Tetraonide.” The second
page bears the signature “ Y” with “Order II. Passeres.
Tribe I. Corvide’”’; the third page follows on, but the
fourth page is concerned with “Order VII. Gralle.
Tribe II. Ardeide,” and has the signature “ Q.”

Part III. has four coloured plates : White-headed Sea Eagle
(Haliaétus lecocephalus), Madeira Swift (Cypselus unicolor),
American Kinglet (Regulus americanus) and Great Northern
Diver (Colymbus glacialis).

All the plates have upon them “ Engraved by W. H. Lizars,
Edinburgh,” but no artist’s name, being from Brown’s own
drawings, but the painting of the Madeira Swift is ““ Drawn by
Sir W. Jardine, Bart.”

The text in this part is a complete sheet signature “ K”’
dealing with “Order II. Passeres. Tribe IV. Fringillide.
Family IV. to VIL. Fringilline to Pyrrhuline.’’

Part IV. has four coloured plates: Cooper’s Sparrow-
Hawk (Accipiter cooperi), Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Guiraca
ludoviciana), Zenaida Dove (Zenaida amabilis), and Bewick’s
Swan (Cygnus bewickit).

180 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

The text is four separate sheets again; the first with the
signature ““b b” treats of Order Il. Passeres. Tribe IV.
Fringillide. Family II. Coccothraustine ; the second with
signature “F'”’ is of the same group following the signature
“FE” of Part III.; the next two are consecutive, being half
of sheet ““K” dealing with Order IV. Columbe.

Part V. has four coloured plates : Sociable Vulture (Otogyps
auricularis) (Drawn by Captain Brown), Hawk Owl (Surnia
funerea), Red-bellied Nuthatch (Sitta varia) and Barn Swallow
(Hirundo rufa). The text is again a complete sheet with the
signature “U,” dealing with Order VIII. Anseres.

Part VI. has four coloured plates : Barn Owl (Strix flammea),
Bewick’s Wren (T'roglodytes bewicki), Golden Oriole (Oriolus _
galbula) (Engraved by J. Miller), and Meadow Lark (Sturnella
ludoviciana). The text is a complete sheet, signature “ V”
following the preceding one and dealing with Anseres to the
Family VIL. Erismaturine.

Part VII. has four coloured and one black plate: the
coloured plates are Long-Eared Owl (Otus vulgaris), Black and
Orange Baltimore (Yephantes baltimore), Bohemian Waxwing
(Ampelis garrulus) and Great Merganser (Mergus castor).
The black plate shows heads and feet of members of the
Family Vulturide. The text is again a complete sheet,
following on the preceding, with the signature “W” and
passing to the Tribe II. Colymbide of the Anseres.

Parts VIII. and IX. are included in one wrapper and there
are eight coloured and one black plate. The coloured ones
are: Pigeon Falcon (Hypotriorchis columbarius), Broadshatted
Wiidah Weaver (Vidua parauisea), Black-Capt Tit (Parus
atricapillus), Common Creeper (Certhia familiaris), Virginian
Horned Owl (Bubo virginiana), Great Northern Shrike (Lanius
borealis), Mariinico Sultana (Porphyrio martinica), Black-
bellied Darter (Plotus anchinga), while the black plate shows
heads of the Order Anseres. The text is two complete sheets
bearing signatures ““ B” and “C” and deal with the Order I.
Accipitres, following the text of Part I.

Parts X., XI., XII. appear in one wrapper with twelve
coloured plates: Wilson’s Sialia (Sialia wilsonit), Purple

No.7.) | THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 181

Grakle (Quiscalus purpureus), Red Tanager (Pyranga rubra),
Pine Bullfinch (Strobilophaga enucleator), Redheaded Wocd-
pecker (Picus erythrocephalus), Turnstone (Cinclus morinellus),
American Avoset (Recurvirostra americana), Hudsonian Sand-
piper (Hemipalma multistriata), Pintail Duck (Dafila acuta),
Ruddy Spinetailed Duck (Hrismatura rubida), Leach’s Storm
Petrel (Thalassidroma leachii), and Short-tailed Tern (1) and
Wilson’s Tern (2) (Hydrochelidon plumbea and Sterna wilsonii).
The text includes a Title Page withthe same wording as on
the wrappers, with the addition of “‘ Part First’ and date
“1846.” A page following is occupied by a_ dedication.
“To / John Owen, Esq. / of / Holly-Bank, / Near Manchester, /
Honorary Secretary of the Manchester Natural History
Society ; Member of the Literary and Philosophical and
Geological Societies / of Manchester, etc., etc. / The following /
Work on the Genera of Birds / is inscribed, as a mark of esteem
and regard, / by / his faithful friend and servant, / Thomas
Brown. / Natural History Society’s Museum, / Manchester,
June 1846./”

The text included in this part covers two pages of signature
“D” about “Order I. Accipitres, Tribe III. Strigide ”’ ;
then a whole sheet with signature “G” of “Order III.
Scansores [liger,” Toucans & Parrots; then two pages with
signature “b b 2” of “Order II. Passeres, Tribe IV.
Fringillide. Family II]. Coccothraustine ”’ following signa-
ture ““b b” which appeared in the fourth part ; then a sheet
with a signature “h” following the sheet ““G” continuing
the Parrots and leading on to Woodpeckers.

Parts 13, 14 are included in one wrapper with eight
coloured plates: Bandtailed Pigeon (Columba fasciata),
American Crossbill (Loxia americana), Shore Lark (Octocris
alpestris), American Woodcock (Scolopax minor), Laughing
Goose (Anser albifrons), Red Flamingo (Phenicopterus ruber),
Black Skimmer (Rhynchops nigra), Wood Ibis (Tantalus
loculator) ; the text consists of two sheets, with signatures
“7” and “k” and consecutively follow on with the last
part, dealing with Woodpeckers and Cuckoos, but only three
pages of the last sheet appear, the last page having a signature
mie eike

182 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

The fact that a title page for the “ Part First ” appears in
connection with Part XII. suggests these Parts 13 and 14
are part of another volume, but this is all we know at present.

The signatures help to arrange the text so that we have a
series) Ay 1B. ©, Dy Ech Ganka Ke INE @ We Vio WeuNe= be by
b b 2, but while the first four do follow, the b b, and b b 2
come in before E and F, and something is missing, while G
does not directly follow F but G, h, i, k continues a series, as
does U, V, W, but the others are odd and Y comes in before
b b so that the sequence reads A, B, C, D...Y...bb,
bite 2ivicie cc Ces Hees title Gixe. lanes «csi Dialect oe qeup ee arene NE
Qe Uy Vid W.

Now, as to the publication of these parts. Apparently
the wrappers were printed and dated in advance, because we
have No. IL, April 1845; Il, May 1845; III., June 1845;
IV., July 1845; V., August 1845; VI., September 1845;
VII., October 1845, but no more. The wrappers for the
succeeding numbers were those of the above with the figures
altered by hand, and there are discrepancies between the
London and Manchester issues. In the latter as given above,
Parts 8 and 9 were issued in one wrapper and that was of a
No. V., whereas the London Parts 8 and 9 appear to have
wrappers separately, a No. VII. wrapper being used by the
addition of a I. for the eighth part and a No. II. for the ninth,
and while in the former the word October was crossed out,
in the latter the word NOV®. was introduced in place
of May. In both issues Parts 10, 11, 12 were issued together,
a No. I. wrapper being altered tor the London issue, III. for
_ Manchester, but no date added. In both these instances the
price was also altered, the 3s. being made into 6s. for the
double part and into 9s. for the three-part issue.

It will be seen then that Parts I. to VII. are dated at monthly
intervals, and apparently 8 and 9 are for November 1845,
yet Parts 10, 11, 12 include title page and introduction date
June 1846, and agrees with an item “ TIllustr. . . Smith and
Elder 1847. 36s.”

No evidence as to such publication has yet been traced,
and though Part I. appears among the books published in

No. 7.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 183

1847 the parts in the British Museum have dates of. receipt
upon them as follows: No. 1, April 17, 1845; No. 2, May 28,
1845; No. 3, August 5, 1845; No. 6, Feb. 2, 1846; No. 8
(and 9), April 22, 1846; and Nos. 9-12, Feb. 8, 1847. At
this point it is marked “ All published,” but we have given
details of Parts 13/14, and there is a record of sixteen parts
which we have been unable to confirm.

As a synonym (in Part V.) of Anseranus Lesson appears
Chenogeranus Brown, and (in Part VII.) as a synonym of
Biziura Leach is cited Pileata Brown and in Part VIII. a
new genus of Aquiline birds is fully described as Hamurostra
Brown.

As an example of the style may be cited the novelty :

Genus Hamirostra Brown.

Bill lengthened, and moderately deep at the base. Culmen
gradually bending from the base to the point, which terminates
in an acute incurved tip; lateral margins nearly parallel
and even, with an almost obsolete festoon towards the point ;
under mandible narrow, with the gonys slightly bent. Cere
very long, covering fully half the length of the bill, and partially
covered with bristled plumes. Nosirils oblong-ovate, obliquely
transverse, and situate near the margin of the cere. Tarsi
short and robust, partially concealed above with the lengthened
tibial plumes, and entirely covered with rather large irregular
scales. Toes rather lengthened, the lateral ones unequal,
the outer being slender and longest, the inner one very robust,
all of them, as well as the hallux, covered above to the base
with large broad transverse scutelliform scales, and below
with small papillose ones. Hallux very robust, longer than
the inner toe, and furnished with a very large slightly-hooked
claw. Claws of moderate size and a little bent. Wings very
long, extending beyond the point of the tail; the second,
third, and fourth quills nearly equal and longest. T'aal rather
short, very broad, and a little rounded at its point.

I have founded this genus on a single species, and it is a
medium-sized Eagle. It is a native of New Holland, and
locates on mountains in the neighbourhood of lakes and rivers.

184 . THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV

Its food consists of fish and reptiles. The specimen in the
Manchester Museum was brought by Mr. George Johnson
from the neighbourhood of Swan River. It is a compact
and strong bird, somewhat larger than the Osprey. I have
designated it Hamirostra montana. It is called the Broad-
Tailed Mountain Eagle by the settlers.”

This appears to refer to the Black-breasted Buzzard, Buteo
melanosternon, Gould, 1840, for which Kaup introduced the
genus Gypoictinia in 1847, a year later than Brown’s
genus name.

Dr. Tattersall, Keeper of the Manchester Museum, sent us
the following note: “I have just come across a copy of the
printed ‘“ Report of the Council of the Manchester Natural
History Society ” issued in 1842. On page four is written
under date 31st January, 1842, ‘The accompanying _ list
of Donations will show that many interesting additions have
been made to the Museum during the last year. In the
department of Ornithology alone, nearly seven hundred. speci-
mens have been added to the general collection ; among
them a pair of Wild Turkeys from North America, and that
remarkable bird from New Holland which formed part of the
splendid donation of David Cannon McConnell, Esq. This
bird exhibits a combination of characters irreconcilable with
any genera of “ Le Régne Animal” of Cuvier, or of the arrange-
ment of Temminck, and which Captain Brown suggests may
be constituted a new genus under the appellation of
Chenogeranus Australis, or Australian Goose-Crane.’ ”’

We have not traced the other genus name also recorded in
synonymy, Pileata Brown, but it may also occur in some
similar extract.

As the few copies of this work we have traced all consist
of some parts in wrappers and none complete in themselves
save one shows the twelve parts “all published,” and this
agrees with the published data, we have extracted the classifi-
cation in detail for reference As we have fourteen parts
in view now and a record of sixteen some of these may be
found later without wrappers, and as there is no pagination
for gauging such the complete details should immediately

No. 7.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 185

determine such parts. We may add that the whole of the
divisions mentioned hereafter are described in full as the
example cited.

With regard to the synonymous names cited we note many
misprints, but do not think it is of much value citing same
in synonymy, unless of peculiar formation, although such has
been customary.

Order I. Accipitres Linnzus
Grand Division I. Accipitres Diurni
Tribe I. Vulturide
Family I. Gypaétine
Genus Gypaétus Storr
Family II. Sarcoramphinee

Genus Neophron Savigny Sarcoramphus Dumeril
Cathartes Illiger
: Family IJ. Vulturine
Genus Vultur Mcehring Gyps Savigny

Otogyps G. R. Gray
Family IV. Gypohieracinz
Genus Gypohierax Riippell
Tribe II. Falconidee
Family I. Polyborine
Genus Ibycter Vieillot Polyborus Vieillot
Milvago Spix
Family Il. Buteonine
Genus Buteo Cuvier
Family IIT. Aquilinz

Genus Aquila Brisson Circaétus Vieillot
Morphnus Cuvier ~ Haliaétus Savigny
Spizaétus Vieillot Hamirostra Brown
Harpyia Vieillot Pontoaétus Kaup
Cachinna Fleming Habiastur Selby

Pandion Savigny Helotarsus Smith

186 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Family IV. Falconine

Genus Falco Linneeus ' Leracidea Gould
Tinnunculus Vieillot Harpagus Vigors
Hypotriorchis Boie Terax Vigors

Family V. Milvine

Genus Milvus Cuvier Cymindis Cuvier
Avicida Swainson Hlanus Savigny
Baza Hodgson Rostrhamus Lesson
Pernis Cuvier Gampsonyx Vigors
Nauclerus Vigors Ictinia Vieillot

Family VI. Accipitrine

Genus Accipiter Brisson Melierax G. R. Gray
Astur Lacépéde Micrasiur G. R. Gray
Ischnosceles Strickland Polornis Kaup

Family VII. Circinee

Genus Circus Lacépéde Serpentarius Cuvier
Polyboroides Smith

Grand Division II. Accipitres Nocturne
Tribe IIT. Strigidee
Family I. Surnine
Genus Surnia Dumeril Nyctea Stephens
Athene Boie

Family Il. Bubonine

Genus Bubo Sibbald Ephialtes Keyserling and
Ketuwpa Lesson Blasius
Family IT. Ululine
Genus Syrnium Savigny Otus Cuvier

Nyctale Brehm

Order IJ. Passeres

No. 7.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD

Grand Division IV. Conirostres.
Tribe I. Corvidee
Family I. Phonygaminze

Genus GymnorhinaG. R. Gray — Phonygama Lesson
Strepera Lesson

Family Il. Garruline

Genus Cyanocorax Boie Garrulus Brisson
Cissa Boie Perisoreus Bonaparte
Psilorhinus Riippell Lophocitta G. R. Gray

Family JIT. Callzeatinze
Genus Crypsirina Vieillot Struthidea Gould

Tribe IV. Fringillidee

Family II. Coccothraustine

Genus Pyrenestes Swainson Calamospiza Bonaparte
Guiraca Swainson Geospiza Gould
- Coccothraustes Brisson Camarhynchus Gould
Cardinalis Bonaparte Cactornis Gould
Spermospiza Swainson Certhidea Gould

Family II. Tanagrine

Genus Pipils Vicillot Saltator Vieillot
Emberizoides Temminck Lamprotes Swainson
Pitylus Cuvier Tachyphonus Vieillot
Cissopis Vieillot Cypsnagra Lesson
Ramphopis Vieillot Arremon Vieillot

Family IV. Fringillinze
Genus Carduelis Brisson Ammodramus Swainson
Fringilla Linneus Chondestes Swainson
Passerella Swainson Zonotrichia Swainson

187

188

Family V.
Genus Hmberiza Linnzeus
Euspiza Bonaparte
Gubernatrix Lesson

Family VI.

Genus Alauda Linneeus
Megalophonus Swainson
Melanocorypha Boie
Otocoris Bonaparte
Pyrrhulauda A. Smith

Family VII.
Genus Pyrrhula Mcehring

THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD

[Vol. IV.

Emberizinze

Fringillaria Swainson
Plectrophanes Meyer

Alaudinee

Mvwafra Horsfield
Certhilauda Swainson
Erana G. R. Gray
Macronyx Swainson
Agrodroma Swainson

Pyrrhuline
Catamblyrhynchus Lafresnaye

Crithagra Swainson Uragus Keyserling and
Carpodacus Kaup Blasius
Spermophila Swainson Strobilophaga Vieillot
Family VIII. Loxins
Genus Loxia Brisson
Order III. Scansores
Tribe I. Ramphastide
Family I. Ramphastinz
Genus Ramphastos Linneus Pteroglossus Illiger
Tribe IT. Psittacidee
Family I. Pezoporinz
Genus Nymphicus Wagler Pezoporus Illiger
Platycercus Vigors Melopsittacus Gould
Palwornis Vigors Euphema Wagler
Coracopsis Wagler Trichoglossus Vigors and

Prioniturus Wagler

Horsfield

No. 7.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 189

Family II. Arainee

Genus Ara Brisson Enicognathus G. R. Gray
Conurus Kuhl
Family III. Lorine
Genus Charmosyna Wagler Eclectus Wagler
Eos Wagler Coriphilus Wagler

Lorius Brisson

Family IV. Psittacine
Genus Psittacus Linneus Chrysotis Swainson
Tanygnathus Wagler Nasiterna Wagler
Psittacula Brisson
Family V. Cacatuine

Genus Microglossum Geoffroy _ Strigops G. R. Gray
Licmetis Wagler Dasy ptilus Wagler
Cacatua Brisson Nestor Wagler
Calyptorhynchus Vigors and Horsfield

Tribe III. Picide
Family I. Capitoninee
Genus Capito Vieillot Psilopogon Muller

Laimodon G. R. Gray Megalorhynchus Eyton
Megalaima G. R. Gray

Family I]. Picumninee
Genus Picumnus Temminck Sasia Hodgson

Family III. Picine

Genus Picoides Lacépéde Dendrobates Swainson
Picus Linneeus Campephilus G. R. Gray
Dryocopus Boie Hemicercus Swainson

Chrysocolaptes Blyth
Family IV. Gecininee
Genus Gecinus Boie Campethera G. R. Gray
Celeus Boie Brachypternus Strickland

Hemilophus Swainson Tiga Kaup
Chrysoptilus Swainson

190 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

Family V. Melanerpinz

Genus Centurus Swainson Chloronerpes Swainson
Melanerpes Swainson Leuconerpes Swainson

Family VI. Colaptinze
Genus Colaptes Swainson Meigly ptes Swainson
Family VII. Yuncine

Genus Yunax Linneeus

Tribe IV. Cuculidee
Family I. Indicatorinz
Genus Indicator Vieillot
Family I. Saurotherine
Genus Saurothera Vieillot Geococcyx Wagler

Family III. Coccyzinee

Genus Cowa Cuvier Cultrides Pucheron
Centropus Illiger Piraya Lesson
Diplopterus Boie Coccyzus Vieillot

Family IV. Crotophaginee
Genus Crotophaga Linnzeus Phemcophaus Vieillot
Carpococcyx G. R. Gray Rhinortha Vigors
Zanclostomus Swainson Scythrops Latham
Dasylophus Swainson
Family V. Cuculinze

Genus Cuculus Linneeus Hudynamys Vigors and
Oxylophus Swainson Horsfield

Order IV. Columbe
Tribe I. Columbide
Family I. Treronine

Genus Ptilonopus Swainson ‘T'reron Vieillot

No. 7.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 191

Family II. Columbine

Genus Carpophaga Selby Ectopistes Swainson
Columba Linnezeus Macropygia Swainson
Lopholaimus Swainson CM na Selby
Geopelia Swainson Turtur Selby

Order V. Gallinz

Tribe IV. Tetraonide

Family IV. Tetraonine
Genus Tetrao Linnezeus

Sub-Genus Bonasa Stephens Lagopus Brisson

Family V. Pterocline
Genus Pterocles Temminck Syrrhaptes Uliger

Order VII. Gralle

Tribe II. Ardeide
Family III. Ardeine

Subfamily IJ. Latirostri

Genus Cancroma Linneus Platatea Linnzeus

192 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV

Family IV. | Ciconine

Genus Anastomus Bonnini Ciconia Brisson
Dromas Paykull

Order VIII. Anseres Linnzeus
Tribe I. Anatidee
Family I. Phoenicopterine

_ Genus Phenicopterus Linnzeus

Family I. Plectropterine

Genus Anseranus Lesson Sarkidiornis Kyton
Plectropterus Leach Chenalopex Stephens
Family If. Anserinz
Genus Cereopsis Latham Nettapus Brandt
Bernicla Stephens Anser Barrére

Family IV. Cygnine
Genus Cygnus Linneeus

Family V. Anatinze
Genus Dendrocygne Swainson Dafila Leach

Casarka Bonaparte Pterocryanea Bonaparte
Tadorna Leach Chaulelamus Swainson
Mareca Stephens Spatula Boie

Aix Boie Malacorhynchus Swainson
Querquedula Stephens Carina Fleming

Anas Linneeus

Family VI. Fuliguline

Genus Branta Boie Eniconetta G. R. Gray
Fuligula Stephens Hymenolaimus G. R. Gray
Clangula Fleming Micropterus Lesson
Nyroca Fleming Somateria Leach
Harelda Leach Oidemia Fleming

Camptolaimus G. R. Gray

No. 7.| . THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 193

Family VII. Erismaturine

Genus Hrismatura Bonaparte Nesonetta G. R. Gray
Thalassiorns Kyton Bizwura Leach
Family VIII. Mergine
Genus Mergus Linnzeus Merganetta Gould

Mergellus Selby

Tribe IL. Colymbidee
Family I. Colymbinz

Genus Colymbus Linneus
Family Il. Podicepinee
Genus Podiceps Latham Podilymbus Lesson

Tribe III. Alcide
Family I. Alcinze

Genus Alca Linneus Utamania Ray
Fratercula Brisson Mergulus Ray

Six plates with figures lithographed on stone and drawn
by Captain Brown, and numbered I. to VI. appear to re-
present another venture. These are unaccompanied by
letterpress or wrapper, so that it is merely a guess that they
may represent an item “ Ornithology, Part I., Captain Thomas
Brown. London, 1827.” -

The first plate shows four figures: the heading is MERoPs
(Bee-Eater). 1. Gularis, Red-throated. 2. Apiaster, European.
3. Cerulocephalus, Blue-headed. 4. Malimbicus, Malimbic.

The second plate has five figures: the heading is Picus
(Woodpecker). 1. Braziliensis, Brazilian. 2. Principalis, White-
billed. 3. Prleatus, Pileated. 4. Major, Greater Spotted.
5. Minimus, Least.

The third plate has seven figures : the heading is TrRocHILUS
(Humming Bird). 1. Minimus, Least, Male. 2. Do. Do. Female.
3. Colubris, Red-throated, Male. 4. Colubris, Red-throated,
Female. 5. Pella, Topaz-throated. 6. Multicolor, Harliquin.
7. Superbus, Stripe-cheeked.

194 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.

The fourth plate has six figures: the heading is ALCEDO
(Kingfisher). 1. Hrithica, Red-headed. 2. Chlorocephala, Green-
headed. 3. Pusilla, Minute. 4. Ultramarina, Ultramarine.
5. Ispida, Common. 6. Atricapilla, Black-capped.

The fifth is a single figure, Stria-nyctea, Snowy Owl. Male.

The sixth shows one bird only, Mycteria australis, Austra-
lasian Jabiru. This set is uncoloured, but probably some
coloured copies exist and there may be also some letterpress.

This note has been written to draw attention to the possi-
bility of some more copies existing as odd unrecognised parts,
and details are requested.

To Dr. W. M. Tattersall and Mr. T. A. Coward, M.Sc.,
the thanks of ornithologists generally are due, and we here
especially thank them for their assistance in this matter, and
to the latter for allowing us to use and acquire the parts, as
by their means we have been able to build up the sequence
as far as it has gone.

ee ee |
AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
Is published at irregular intervals, about four times
per year, in parts of about 24 pages each, and
often with a coloured Plate; eight parts form
a volume. Price per volume 12/- post free.

The “Austral Avian Record” contains :

1. Discussions regarding the relationships and ranges of
species and subspecies of particular genera, especially
those which will not be dealt with in the immediate
future in Mathews’s “Birds of Australia,” or those
that have been.

2. Revision of what has been published in the “ Birds of
Australia,” when accession of material and new facts
necessitate such revision. es

3. Description of new forms.

4, Discussions regarding nomenclature.

5. Supplements to the “ Reference List of the ‘ Birds of
Australia.” Sn e

6. Dates of Publication of works about which any doubt
exists. i

AUSTRALIAN AGENTS :—MELBOURNE, Melville &: Mullen
Proprietary Limited; SypNey, Angus & Robertson
Limited; ADELAIDE, E. S. Wigg & Son; BRISBANE,
Watson, Ferguson & Co. Limited; LAUNCESTON,
Birchall & Sons; PERTH, E. S. Wigg & Son.

LONDON : :
H. F. & G. WITHERBY, 326, Hicnh Hoxzorn, W.C.1.

oy , 4

Austral Avian

“GREGORY M. MATHEWS

EAS

Oe Tide

UBSCRIPTION PER VoLuME 12/- Nur.

INDEX TO VOL. IV.
OF

THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD

INDEX

abdimii, Ciconia, 141.

, Sphenorynchus, 141.
Acanthagenys rufogularis, 105.
Acanthisitta chloris, 62.
Acanthiza ewingi, 112.

—— flaviventris, 112.
inornata, 97.

—— iredalei, 97.

lineata, 97.

nana, 97.

—— pallida, 137.

—— pusilla, 97.

—— uropygialis, 97.
Acanthochzra chrysoptera, 105.

Acanthorhynchus superciliosus, 103.

tenuirostris, 103.
Acanthornis magnus, 98.
Accipiter, 186.
cirrhocephalus, 83.
cooperi, 179.
Acrocephalus palustris, 163.
Actitis, 125, 129.
hypoleucus, 72.
acuminata, Heteropygia, 123.
acuminatus, Limnocinclus, 55, 72.
acuta, Dafila, 181.
acuticauda, Poephila, 106.
acutirostris, Heteralocha, 64.
Adamastor cinereus, 51, 67, 11].
adscitus, Platycercus, 85.
AXichmorhynchus, 129.
A£gintha temporalis, 106, 116,
fXgotheles cristata, 89, 117.
zquinoctialis, Priofinus, 111.
, Procellaria, 51.
A®strelata lessoni, 51, 67.
affinis, Cinnyris, 174.
, Melithreptus, 102.
——.,, Sitta, 158.

‘ csesia, 158.
africanus, Podica, 175.
, Pteropus, 174, 175,
Agrodroma, 188.
Aidemosyne modesta, 106.
Ailurcedus crassirostris, 107.

| Ailurcedus maculosus, 9.

melanotus, 107.
Aix, 192.

ajaya, Platalea, 179.
Alauda, 188.
fringillaria, 158.
leucoptera, 158.
novezelandize var p,, 150.
rufescens, 159. ;
sibirica, 158.

—— tigrina, 159.
yeltoniensis, 158.

| alba, Crocethia, 113.

| ——, Trynga, 26.

| ——, Tyto, 84.

| ——modesta, Eegretta, 154.

—— yarrellia, Motacilla, 132, 140.

| albata, Sittella, 10.

Albatross, Light-mantled Sooty, 52.
——, Royal, 52.

——, Snowy, 52, 68.

——-, Sooty, 52, 68.

——, Wandering, 52, 68.

, White-capped, 68.

| alberti, Harriwhitea, 90.

albicilla, Certhiparus, 63.

| albifacies, Pcecilodryas, 9.

, Sceloglaux, 60.
albifrons, Anarhynchus, 152.
——, Anser, 181.

——, Ephthianura, 96.

| ——, Merops, 118, 137, 145.

——, Purnella, 103.

——, Saxicola, 160.

, Sternula, 70.
albilineata, Dorothina, 104.
albipennis, Petrophassa, 78.
albistriata, Chlidonias, 54.
albiventer, Neochmia, 107.
albiventris, Zosterops, 101.
albivitta, Procelsterna, 149,
, — cerulea, 135.
albofrontatus, Hapolorhynchus, 653.

| albogularis, Conopophila, 103.

———, Nezozosterops, 110.

200

albosignata, Eudyptula, 49.

albus, Casmerodius, 59; 81.

, Leucanous, 54, 110.

, Porphyrio, 109.

Alea, 193.

Alcedo atricapilla, 194.

azurea, 120.

chlorocephala, 194.

——— erithica, 194.

—— ispida, 194.

—— pusilla, 194.

—— ultramarina, 194.

Aleyone azurea, 89, 116.

alecto, Piezorhynchus, 94.

Alectura lathami, 77.

alexanderi, Geobasileus
137.

alexandre, Northipsitta, 86.

Alisteranus cinctus, 106.

alisteri, Dulciornis, 96.

——, Fregettornis, 108.

—_—, Samuela, 95.

Alisterornis lanioides, 93.

Alisterus scapularis, 85, 116, 139.

alligator, Leucotreron, 79.

chrysorrhous,

alpestris, Octocris, 181.
Alphachlamydera cerviniventris, 107.
Alphacincla woodwardi, 99. |
Alphaturnia pyrrhothorax, 77.

velox, 77.

alpina, Erolia, 12%.

alpinus, Turdus, 160.

altera, Motacilla, 132.

amabilis, Leggeornis, 98. |
——, Zenaida, 179.
Amaurodryas vittata, 92.

Amaurornis moluceanus, 76.

americana, Loxia, 181.

——, Recurvirostra, 181.

americanus, Regulus, 179.
Ammodramus, 187.

Amoropelia, 164,

ampelinus, Corvus, 140.

Ampelis garrulus, 180.

Amytis goyderi, 9.

anethetus, Melanosterna, 70. |
analoga, Ptilotina, 103. |
Anarhynchus albifrons, 152.
frontalis, 56. |
Anas, 192. |
clypeata, 135.

—— cygnus, 113.

—— ferruginea, 153.

hrota, 155.

—— media fera, 133.

nyroca, 136.

—— obseura, 153.

THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.

Anas rufa, 136.

—— rutila, 153.

superciliosa, 59, 80.
Anastomus, 192.

Anatica, 142, 143.

anceps, Fringilla, 132.
anchinga, Plotus, 180.
Ancylochilus, 129.
subarquatus, 123.
Angroyan cyanopterus, 99, 116.
Anhinga novehollandiz, 53, 69.
Anous cinereus, 135, 149, 150.
stolidus, 54, 70.

Anser, 142, 192.

albifrons, 181.

Anseranas semipalmata, 79, 166.
Anseranus, 183, 192.

antaretica, Priocella, 51, 67.

, Thalassoica, 51.
antareticus, Lopholaimus, 79.
Anteliotringa, 129.

———. tenuirostris, 71:
Anthochera lunulata, 147.
Anthocera, 169.

anthopeplus, Polytelis, 86.
Anthophagus, 172.

—— cincinnatus, 174.

—— olivaceus, 174.

Anthornis melanura, 63.
Anthus grayi, 150.
noveseelandiz, 150.
phillipsi, 151.

pratensis, 169.

antipodes, Megadyptes, 50.
antiquorum, Phoenicopterus ruber, 154
Aphelocephala castaneiventris, 100.
—— leucopsis, 100.

pectoralis, 100.

apiaster, Merops, 193.

Aplonis fuscus, 109, 110.
approximans, Circus, 60, 83, 167
Aprosmictus erythropterus, 86.
Aptenodytes chrysocome, 145.
erestata, 146.

== Crestapusualontc

—— patagonica, 50, 66.
Apteryx australis, 58.

haasti, 58.

| ——- owen, 58.

Aquila, 185.

Ara, 189.

Arara carolinensis, 179.
arctica, Priofinus, 111.
Ardea cinerea, 59.
stellaris, 135, 162.
arenaria, Calidris, 123.
Arenaria interpres, 56, 74.

argentatus, Larus, 158.
argenticeps, Philemon, 105.
ariel, Fregata, 53, 68.

, Lagenoplastes, 91.
Arquatella, 125, 129.
maritima, 123.
Arremon, 187.

Artamus leucorynchus, 99.
aruensis, Tonophoyx, 81.
arundinacea, Salicaria, 162.

, Sylvia, 162.

Ashbyia lovensis, 96.
asiaticus, Xenorhynchus, 81.
assimilis, Circus, 83.

, Micreea, 9.

, Puffinus, 50, 67.

Astur, 186.

ater, Mesocarbo, 53, 69.

, Parus sylvestris, 133.
aterrimus, Probosciger, 87.

—, Psittacus, 142.

Athene, 186.

atra, Fulica, 57, 76.

atrata, Chenopis, 80.
atricapilla, Alcedo, 194.

, Parus, 132.

atricapillus, Melithreptus, 102.
, Parus, 180.

Atrichornis rufescens, 91.
atrogularis, Ginanthe deserti, 160.
aucklandica, Coenocorypha, 55.
, Nesonetta, 59.

audax, Uroaétus, 83, 116.
auralentus, Picus, 140.
Aurephthianura aurifrons, 96.
crocea, 96.

auriceps, Cyanorhamphus, 61.
auricularis, Otogyps, 180.
aurifrons, Aurephthianura, 96,
Australasia novehollandiz, 167.
australis, Apteryx, 58.

, Austranthus, 105.

——, Austrotis, 75.

——, Calamoherpe, 136.
——, Chenogeranus, 166, 184.
——, Conopoderas, 96.

——, Eopsaltria, 93.

——, Hrismatura, 80.

—— , Gallirallus, 57.

——, Larus, 135, 152.

——, Miro, 62.

——, Mycteria, 194.

———, Nyroca, 59, 80.

——, Pandion halietos, var., 136.
——, Peltohyas, 75.

——, Promergus, 59.

——, Rostratula, 71.

INDEX. 201

australis mellori, Conopoderas, 136.
Austranthus australis, 105.
noveeseelandix, 64.
Austrartamus cinereus, 99.
Austrodiceum hirundinaceum, 101.
Austropitta versicolor, 90.

Austrotis australis, 75.

Austroturnix castanota, 77.

olivii, 77.

Avicida, 186.

Avocet, Red-necked, 56, 73.
Avoset, American, 181.
Aythya ferina, 167.

azurea, Alcedo, 120.

, Aleyone, 89,116.

Babbler, 96.

, Chestnut-crowned, 96.
, White-browed, 96.
betica, Calandrella rufescens, 159.
Baltimore, Black and Yellow, 180.
baltimore, Yephantes, 180.
banksu, Calyptorhynchus, 86, 117.
barnardi, Barnardius, 85.
Barnardius barnardi, 8).
zonarius, 85.
Bartramia, 124, 125, 129.
longicauda, 72.

basalis, Chalcites, 88.
Bastard nachtigall, 131, 133.
Bathilda ruficauda, 106.
bathurstii, Psittacus, 142.
baudinii, Zanda, 86.
Baumklette, kleine, 132.
Baza, 186.

Bee-eater, 89.

, Blue-headed, 193.
——, Huropean, 193.

=——, Hooded Like?

——, Malimbiec, 193.

——, Red-throated, 193.
——., Variegated, 118.

——, Wattled, 118.

—, White-fronted, 115.
Relchera rosea, 92.

belcheri, Heteroprion, 51, 68.
Bell-Bird, 63.

, Crested, 100, 112.

3ell Minah, 105.

bellus, Porphyrio, 76.

—, Zoneeginthus, 106.
bengalensis, Thalasseus, 70.
bennetti, Corvus, 108.
Bergamsel, 132.

Berefinke, 132.

bergu, Thalasseus, 54, 70.
Bergsperling, 132,

202 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.

berigora, leracidea, 82, 116.
Berneyornis strenuus, 84.
Bernicla, 192.

—— hrota, 155.

bewickii, Cygnus, 179.

, Troglodytes, 180.
bichenovii, Steganopleura, 106.
bicinctus, Cirrepidesmus, 56.
——-, Nesoceryx, 74.

bicolor, Myristicivora, 79.
Bittern, 81.

——, Black-backed, 59.
——, Little, 59, 81.

——, Little Mangrove, $1.
——, Red Mangrove, 81.
Biziura, 183, 193.

lobata, 80.

Blackbird, 109.

——, Grey-headed, 110.
Blagrus, 136, 147.
Bleikehlehen, 132.
Blue-Bonnett, 85.

Bohemian Waxwing, 180.
Bonasa, 191.

bonelli, Falco, 167.

, Pseudeetus, 167.
borealis, Lanius, 180.
Botaurus poiciloptilus, 59, 81.
bourkii, Neopsephotus, 85.
Bowdleria punctata, 63.
—-— rufesecens, 63.
Bower-Bird, Fawn-breasted, 107.
——, Golden, 107.

, Great, 107.

es Senin, NO,

——, Spotted, 107.

, Tooth-billed, 107.
boweri, Bowyeria, 99.
Bowyeria boweri, 99.
brachydactyla, Calandrella, 158.
brachyptera, Sphenura, 116.
Brachypternus, 189.
brachypterus, Gallirallus, 57.
bracteatus, Dicruropsis, 107.
Brandeule, 132.

Branta, 192.

leucopsis, 155.
braziliensis, Picus, 193.
brevipes, Heteractitis, 72, 112.
brevirostris, Microcarbo, 53.
, Smicrornis, 92.

Bristle Bird, 98.

—— ——, Rufous, 98.
britannica, Sitta cesia, 158.
broadbenti, Maccoyornis, 98.
Broadbentia flava, 104.
Brolga, 75.

Bronze-Wing, 78.

Brush, 78.

Bruchigavia melanorhyncha, 55.:
novehollandizw, 54, 71, 135.
brunnea, Colluricincla, 99.

, Sylvia, 163.

brunneicauda, Microeca, 91.
brunneopygia, Drymodes, 95.
brunneus, Pyrrholemus, 97.
Brush-Turkey, 77.

Brustwenzel, 132.

Bubo, 186.

—— virginiana, 180.
Budgerygar, 84.

Budytes flava, 105.

Bulestes mentalis, 100.

—— torquatus, 100.

bulleri, Thalassarche, 52.

——, Thyellodroma, 50.
Bullfineh, Pine, 181.

Bunte Rohrhenne, 134.

Bunting, Lapland Long-spur, 179.
Burhinus magnirostris, 71.
Bush-Chat, Desert, 96.
Bush-Lark, 106.

Bustard, 75.

Butcher Bird, Black, 100.

——, Black-backed, 100.
—— ——, Black-throated, 100.

, Collared, 100.

Buteo, 185.

melanosternon, 167, 184.
—— pennsylvanicus, 179.
pecilonotus, 147.

Butor stellaris, 162.

Butorides rogersi, 81.

striata, 81.

Buzzard, Black-breasted, 82, 184.
, Broad-winged, 179.

Cabalus modestus, 57.
Cacatua, 189.

gymnopis, 10.

Cachinna, 185.

Cacomantis pyrrhophanus, 87.
rubricatus, 87.
Cactornis, 187.

scandens, 149.

cerulea, Halobena, 51, 68.
ceruleus, Hirundolanius, 136, 151.
cesia affinis, Sitta, 158.
britanniea, Sitta, 158.
Cairina, 192.

ecairnsensis, Ethelornis, 92.

| Calamanthus campestris, 96.

fuliginosus, 96.
Calamoherpe australis, 136.

Calamospiza, 187.
Calandrella brachydactyla, 158.
fringillaria, 158.
—— minor rufescens, 159.
rufescens baetica, 159.
cheleensis, 159.
heinei, 159.
kukunoorensis, 159.
leucophea, 159.
—— — minor, 159.
persica, 159.
polatzeki, 159.
rufescens, 159.
— seebohmi, 159.
Calandritis minor, 159.
caledonicus, Nycticorax, 59, 81.
, Platycercus, 85.
Caleya megarhyncha, 99.
Calidris, 125, 129.
arenaria, 123.
ealidris, Tringa, 123.
Calidritine, 128, 129.
Callocorydon fimbriatus, 86.
Calloeas cinerea, 64.
wilsoni, 64.
Caloptilotis macleayana, 104.
Calyptorhynchus, 189.
banksii, 86, 117.
Camarhynchus, 187.
campbelli, Hypoleucus, 53.
Campbellornis personatus, 99.
superciliosus, 99.
Campephilus, 189.
campestris, Calamanthus, 96.
Campethera, 189.
Camptolaimus, 192.
canadensis, Tetrao, 179.
canariensis, Fringilla, 152.

; ceelebs, 152.
Cancroma, 191.
eantator, Ethelornis, 92.
canus major, Larus, 157.
Canutine, 125, 128.
Canutus canutus, 55, 71, 123.
Capella, 129, 131.
coelestis, 131, 133.
gallinago, 131.
capensis, Petrella, 51, 67.
, Turnagra, 63.
Capito, 189.
capito, Tregellasia, 93.
earbo, Phalacrocorax, 53, 69.
Cardinalis, 187.
cardinalis, Fringilla, 133.
Carduelis, 187.
carneipes, Hemipuffinus, 51, 67.
carolinensis, Arara, 179.

INDEX

Carphibis spinicollis, 81.
Carpococcyx, 190.

Carpodacus, 188,

rosea, 164.

Carpophaga, 191.

carteri, Hremiornis, 97.
Carterornis leucotis, 94.
carunculata, Coleia, 64, 105, 116.
carunculatus, Creadion, 64, 170.
, Hypoleucus, 53.

| ——, Merops, 169, 170.

, Sturnus, 169.
Caryocatactes nucifraga, 162.
Casarca tadornoides, 80.
variegata, 58.

Casarka, 192.

Casmerodius, 112.

albus, 59, 81.

caspia, Hydroprogne, 54, 70.
Cassowary, 66. :

Van Diemen’s Land, 174.
castanea, Virago, 59, 80.

castaneiventris, Aphelocephala, 100.

——., Vidgenia, 88.
castaneothorax, Donacola, 106.
castaneoventris, Hulabeornis, 76.
castanota, Austroturnix, 77.
castanotis, Tzeniopygia, 106.
castanotum, Cinclosoma, 95.
castor, Mergus, 180.

Casuarius casuarius, 66.
diemenianus, 174, 175.
Cat Bird, 107.

, Spotted, 107.
Catamblyrhynchus, 188.

| Caterpillar-catcher, 95, 110.
| Caterpillar-eater, 95.

, Pied, 95.

| Catharacta, 112.

—- lonnbergi, 55, 71.
maccormicki, 55.
Cathartes, 185.

Catoptropelicanus conspicillatus,

69.
Catoptrophorus, 124, 125, 129.
Caturates fuseus, 162.

| —-— glaucus, 162.

maximus, 162.

—— nevius, 162.

caudacuta, Hirundo, 138.

, Pallenia, 138.

caudacutus, Hirundapus, 62, 90,
eauta, Diomedella, 52, 68.

—, Hylacola, 95.

cecilie, Corvus, 108.

Celeus, 189.

cenchroides, Cerchneis, 60, 82.

»

r

3,

204

Centropus, 190.

Centurus, 190.

Cerchneis cenchroides, 60, 82.
Cereopsis, 192.

—— novehollandie, 79.
Certhia familiaris, 180.

—— pacifica, 174.

—— pusilla, 132.

Certhidea, 187.

Certhilauda, 188.

Certhionyx variegatus, 103.
Certhiparus albicilla, 63.
cerulea, Procelsterna, 54, 109, 110.
— albivitta, Procelsterna, 135.
cerviniventris, Alphachlamydera, 107,
——, Peecilodryas, 92.
Chalcites basalis, 88.

—— parvirostris, 148.
chalconotus, Hypoleucus, 53.
Chalcophaps chrysochlora, 78.
chalecoptera, Phaps, 78.
Channel-Bill, 88.

Charadrius, 112.

—— cucullatus, 74.
Charmosyna, 189.

Chat, Orange-fronted, 96.

, Tricoloured, 96.

——, White-fronted, 96.

——, Yellow-breasted, 96.
chathamensis, Hemiphaga, 58,
Chaulelasmus, 192.

cheleensis, Calandrella rufescens, 159.
Chenalopex, 192.

Cheniscus coromandelianus, 79.
—— pulchelius, 79.
Chenogeranus, 183.

—— australis, 166, 184.
Chenonetta jubata, 80, 116.
Chenopis atrata, 80.
Cheramoeca leucosternum, 91.
chinensis, Excalfactoria, 77.
chionoptera, Diomedea, 52, 68.
Chlamydera maculata, 107.
Chlamydodera occipitalis, 9.
orientalis, 9.
Chlidonias, 112.

albistriata, 54.
leucopareia, 70.

—— leucoptera, 54, 70.
ehloris, Acanthisitta, 62.

——, Sauropatis, 89.
chlorocephala, Aleedo, 194.
chlorolepidota, Hutelipsitta, 87.
Chloronerpes, 190.

chloronotus, Ethelornis, 92.
chlororhynchus, Thalassarche, 52, 68.
chlorotis, Elasmonetta; 59:

THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.

Chondestes, 187.

Chough, White-winged, 108.

Chroicocephalus franklinii, 156.

Chrysauchcena humeralis, 78.

chrysocephalus, Sericulus, 107, 137, 142.

chrysochlora, Chalcophaps, 78.

cbhrysocilla, Emberiza, 160.

Chrysocolaptes, 189.

chrysocome, Aptenodytes, 145.

——, Eudyptes, 146.

chrysogaster, Neonanodes, 84.

chrysolophus, Eudyptes, 146.

chrysophrys, Emberiza, 160.

chrysops,.Paraptilotis, 103.

chrysoptera, Acanthocheera, 105.

——, Littlera, 91.

——, Neositta, 101.

chrysopterygius, Psephotellus, 85.

Chrysoptilus, 189.

chrysorrhous alexanderi, Geobasileus,
oie

—— Geobasileus, 97.

chrysostoma, Thalassarche, 52, 68.

chrysostomus, Neonanodes, 84.

Chrysotis, 189.

Chthonicola sagittata,

Chubbia, 128.

Ciconia, 192.

97.

| = abdimii, 141.
cincinnatus, Anthophagus, 174.

Cinclorhamphus cruralis, 96.
Cinclosoma castanotum, 95.
—— punctatum, 95.

| Cinclus morinellus, 181.
| cineta, Notiomystis, 63.

cinectus, Alisteranus, LO6.
——, Erythrogonys, 75.
cinerea, Ardea, 59.

, Calleas, 64.

——, Dromolxa, 144.

——, CGinanthe, 144.

——.,, Priofinus, 111.

——, Sterna, 135, 149.
——, Stolida, 135, 149, 150.
——, Struthidea, 108.

| ——, Terekia, 72.

cinereifrons, Heteromyias, 9.
——, Iredaleornis, 92.
eiereus, Adamastor, 51, 67, 111
——, Anous, 135, 149, 150.
——, Austrartamus, 99.
——, Larus, 162.

——, Poliolimnas, 76.
cinnamonea, Samuela, 95,
Cinnyris affinis, 174,
Cireaetus, 185.

Cireus, 186,

INDEX.

Circus approximans, 60, 83, 167.

—— assimilis, 83.

—— juxta, 167.

—— —— gouldi, 167.

—— —— inexpectatus, 167.

—— —— juxta, 167. |

Cirrepidesmus bicinctus, 56.

—— mongolus, 74.

cirrhocephalus, Accipiter, 83.

Cissa, 187.

Cissomela nigra, 102. |

—— pectoralis, 102. |

Cissopsis, 187.

Cisticola exilis, 96.

Cladorhynchus leucocephalus, 73.

clamosa, Rahcinta, 91.

Clangula, 142, 192.

claudi, Glychichera, 103.

elavigula, Trochilus, 148.

Climacteris erythrops, 101.

leucophza, 101.

superciliosa, 101.

clivicola, Hirundo, 162.

clypeata, Anas, 135.

, Rhynchoplatus, 135.

——, Spatula, 135.

Coachwhip Bird, 95.

-, Black-throated, 96. |

Cocecothraustes, 187. |

Coceyzus, 190.

cocinea, Pyrrhula, 162.

Cockatoo, Banksian, 86.

, Black, 86.

——, Blood-stained, 86.

— , Cook’s, 174.

——, Gang-Gang, 122.

——., Glossy, 86.

Palmers

———, White, 86.

, White-tailed, Black, 86.

cockerelli, Hemiptilotis, 104.

celebs, Hippolais, 131. |

, Motacilla, 131, 133. |

canariensis, Fringilla, 152. |

tintillon, Fringilla, 152.

celestis, Capella, 131, 133. |

, Gallinago, 130.
|

, Scolopax, 130, 131, 132, 133,
Coenocorypha, 125, 128.
aucklandica, 55.

ccerulea, Procellaria, 165.
cceruleocephala, Merops, 193.
Colaptes, 190.

Colcloughia melanogaster, 77.
Coleia carunculata, 64, 105, 116.
Collocalia terrereginz, 10.
Colluricinela brunnea, 99,

205

Colluricincla harmonica, 99.
rufiventris, 99.
colubris, Trochilus, 193.
Columba, 191.

elegans, 142.
fasciata, 181.
—— forcipata, 149.
gallapagina, 149.
gallapaginus, 149.
lawsonii, 142.
nebui, 149.
sylvestris, 133.
—— tahitina, 149.
—— turtur, 164.

| columbarius, Hypotriorchis, 180.

Columbi-gallina gallapogcensis, 149.
Colymbus, 1138, 193.

glacialis, 179.

compilator, Emberiza, 131.
concinna, Glossopsitta, 87, 116.
Conigravea parvula, 99.

| connivens, Hieracoglaux, 83.
Conopoderas australis, 96.

mellori, 136.
Conopophaga rufogularis, 103.
Conopophila albogularis, 103.
conspicillatus, Catoptropelicanus, 53,

Conurus, 189.

cookii, Cookilaria, 51, 67.

, Psittacus, 167, 174.
Cookilaria cookil, 51, 67.
cooperi, Accipiter, 179.
Coot, 57, 76.

, Bald, 76.

——, Blue Bald, 76.
Coprotheres pomavinus, 71.
Coracopsis, 188.

Corcorax melanorhamphus, 108.
Corella, 86.

Corethrura, 152.

—— dimidiata, 152.

—— elegans, 152.
Coriphilus, 189.
Cormorant, Black, 69.

| ——, Black-faced, 69.

——.,, Little, 69.

——, Little Black, 69.

———, Pied, 69) Ll.

Cornerake, 57, 76.

corniculatus, Tropidorhynchus, 105.
coromandelianus, Cheniscus, 79.
coronata, Rosina, 98.
coronatus, Picus, 140.

Coronica fuliginosa, 170.
coronoides, Corvus, 108.

Corvus ampelinus, 140,

206 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.

Corvus bennetti, 108.
coronoides, 108.

—— cecilie, 108.

— melanogaster, 120.
paradoxus, 169, 170.
sanguinicollis, 140.
Cosmaerops ornatus, 89, 117.
Cosmopelia elegans, 78.
Coturnix novezealandiz, 58.
pectoralis, 77.

Coua, 190.

Coucal, 88.

coxeni, Opopsitta, 87.
Cracticus nigrogularis, 100.
rufescens, 9.

Crake, Little, 76.

, Spotless, 76.

-——, Spotted, 76.

——, White-browed, 76.
Cranellus, 151.
Craspedophora magnifica, 108.
crassirostris, Ailurcedus, 107.
eratitius, Lichenostomus, 104.
Creadion carunculatus, 64, 170.
—— dilophus, 170.

—— paradoxus, 169.
paradoxus, 169.
westernensis, 169.
Creeper, 63.

, Common, 180.

crestata, Aptenodytes, 146.
crestatus, Aptenodytes, 137.
Crex crex, 57, 76.

evistata, Augotheles, 89, 117.

, Eudyptes, 146.
cristatum, Sphenostoma, 100.
cristatus, Eudyptes, 137.
-cristatus, 147.
——, Garrulus, 179.

—--, Podiceps, 58, 76.

———, fTurdus, 112.

—— cristatus, Eudyptes, 147.
—— filholi, Eudyptes, 147.
—-— interjectus, Hudyptes, 147.
——— moseleyi, Kudyptes, 147.
serresianus, Hudyptes, 147.
cristaurea, Regulus, 162.
Crithagra, 188.

crocea, Aurephthianura, 96.

, Ephthianura, 9.
Crocethia, 112, 125, 129.
—— alba, 113.

—— leucophea, 72, 113.
Crossbill, American, 181.
Crotophaga, 190.

Crow, Black-breasted, 120.
-——, Blue-wattled, 64.

Crow, Northern, 108.

, Orange-wattled, 64.

, Small-billed, 108.
Crow-Shrike, Black, 100.
——, Black-winged, 100.
——, Grey, 100.

——., Pied, 100.

cruralis, Cinclorhamphus, 96.
Crypsirina, 187.

Ctenanas eytoni, 58, 80.
Cuckoo, Black-eared, 88.
——, Broad-billed Bronze, 88.
—-—, Bronze, 88.

——— Brush, 87;

—_—., Chestnut-breasted, 88.
——, Fantailed, 87.

———, Little Bronze, 88.

—-—-, Long-tailed, 61.

-———, Narrow-billed Bronze, 88.
——., Oriental, 61, 87.

——; Pallid, 87.

—-—, Rufous-breasted Bronze, 88.
——, Shining, 61.

——, Square-tailed, 87.
Cuckoo-Shrike, Barred, 94.
—-——, Black-faced, 94.

— —, Ground, 94.

—_—., Little, 63, 94.

——., White-bellied, 94.
cucullata, Melanodryas, 92, 136.
cucullatus, Charadrius, 74.

, Merops, 118.

Cuculus, 190.

—— optatus, 61, 87.
prionurus, 138, 141.
Cultrides, 190.

Cuncuma leucogaster, 83.
cuneata, Stictopeleia, 78.
Curlew, 173.

, Australian, 56, 73.
——, Sandpiper, 55, 71.
Cyanaleyon pyrrhopyeius, 89.
ceyaneus, Malurus, 98, 116.
Cyanocorax, 187.

eyanoleuca, Grallina, 99, 116.
cyanoleucus, Mastersornis, 94.
cyanoptera, Loxia, 119.
cyanopterus, Angroyan, 99, 116.
eyanopus, Numenius, 56, 73.
Cyanorhamphus auriceps, 61.
malherbi, 61.
novezelandie, 60, 109, 119.
unicolor, 61.

ceyanotis, Gracula, 118.

, Entomyzon, 105, 116.
evanura, Motacilla, 160.
Cyclopsitta maccoyi, 10.

INDEX.

Cygnus, 113, 142, 192.
bewicki, 179.
eygnus, Anas, 113.
Cymindis, 186.

Cypselus unicolor, 179.
Cypsnagra, 187.
Cyrtostomus frenatus, 102.

Dabchick, 58.

Dacelo leachi, 89.
noveguinexe, 89, 112.
dactylatra, Parasula, 53, 69.
, sula, 113.

Dafila, 192.

acuta, 181.
dannefordi, Nesomiro, 62.
Darter, Australian, 53, 69.
, Black-bellied, 180.
Dasylophus, 190.
Dasyptilus, 189.

dauma major, Turdus, 144.

daviesianus, Psittacus hematotus, 122. |

Demiegretta greyi, 81.

matook, 59, 81.
Dendrobates, 189.

Dendrocygna javanica, 80.
Dendrocygne, 192.

dentirostris, Scenopoeetes, 107.

, Scenopceus, 9.

Desert-Bird

deserti, Ginanthe, 159.

albifrons, (Enanthe, 159.
atrogularis, Ginanthe, 160.
deserti, Ginanthe, 159.
desolatus, Heteroprion, 52, 68.
Diamond Bird, 102.

Diaphorillas striata, 98.

textilis, 98.

Diaphoropterus leucopygius, 110.
Dicruropsis bracteatus, 107.
dieffenbachii, Nesolimnas, 57.
diemenensis, Dromaius, 175.
diemenianus, Casuarius, 174, 175.
, Dromaius, 175.

, Peronista, 166, 175.
dimidiata, Corethrura, 152.
Diomedea chionoptera, 52,
epomophora, 52.
exulans, 52, 68.
Diomedella cauta, 52, 68.
Diplopterus, 199.

discolor, Huphema, 168.

, Lathamus, 84.

, Psittacus, 168.
dissimilis, Psephotellus, 85.
Ditelmatias hardwickii, 55, 71.
Diver, Great Northern, 179.

68.

207

Dollar Bird, 89.
dominicanus, Larus, 54.
dominicus, Pluvialis, 56, 74.
Donacola castaneothorax, 106.
flaviprymna, 106.
thorpei, 106.

dorothee, Magnamytis, 99.
Dorothina albilineata, 104.
fasciogularis, 104.
frenata, 104.

lewini, 103.

versicolor, 104.
virescens, 104.
Dotterel, 56, 75.

, Black-fronted, 74.
——, Double-banded, 56, 74.
——, Hooded, 74.

——, Large Sand, 74.

——, Mongolian Sand, 74.

| ——, Oriental, 56, 74.

——, Red-capped, 56, 74.
—-——, Red-kneed, 75.
dougalli, Sterna, 70.

Dove, Barred-shouldered, 78.
———, Little Green, 78.

——, Spotted-shouldered, 78.
, Zenaida, 179.
Dromaius diemenensis, 175.

| —— diemenianus, 175.

novehollandizw gunni, 175.
Dromas, 192.

Dromiceius novehollandixw, 66, 117.
Dromolza cinerea, 144.
Drongo, Spangled, 107.

dryas, Rhipidura, 9.

Drymodes brunneopygia, 95
—— superciliaris, 95.
Dryocopus, 189.
Dubbelschnepfe, 132.

Duck, Auckland Islands, 59.

, Black, 80.

| 2 Stree sdhs0:

—— _ Brown, 59.

| ——, Freckled, 80.
| ——, Grey, 59.
| ——, Mountain, 59, 80.

——, Musk, 80.

——., Paradise, 58.

——, Pink-eared, 80.

——, Pintail, 181.

——, Plumed Whistling, 80.

| ——, Ruddy Spinetailed, 181

——, Whistling, 58, 80.

——, White-eyed, 59, 80.

——_—sVWiood 80:
Ducorpsius sanguineus, 86.
Dulciornis alisteri, 96.

208 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD,

dumetorum, Motacilla, 133.
Dupetor flavicollis, 81.
Dyottornis, 169, 170.
paradoxus, 105.

Hagle, Broad-tailed Mountain, 184.

—-, Hawk, 83.

——, Little, 83.

——, Wedge-tailed, 83.
——, Whistling, 83.

, White-bellied Sea, 83.
Eelectus, 189.

Ectopistes, 191.

edwardi, Menura novehollandix, 168.

Egret, Lesser, 81.

, Pied, 81.

——-, Plumed, 81.

——-, White, 81.

Egretta alba modesta, 154.
garzetta, 81.

Elanus, 186.

notatus, 82.

—--— scriptus, 82.
Elasmonetta chlorotis, 59.
elegans, Columba, 142.

. Corethrura, 152.
——, Cosmopelia, 78.
——, Leggeornis, 98.
——-. Neonanodes, 84.
——, Platycereus, 85, 116.
Elseyornis melanops, 74.
Emberiza, 188.

—— chrysocilla, 169.

—— chrysophrys, 160.
compilator, 131.
—— minuta, 160.

—— pusilla, 160.

—— rustica, 160.

—— spodocephala, 160.
Emberizoides, 187.
Emblema picta, 106.
Embriza palustris, 131, 133.
——— palustris, 133.

Emu, 66, 121.

——, Dwarf, 66.
Varennes
Enicognathus, 189.
Eniconetta, 192.
Entomyzon cyanotis, 105, 116.
enucleator, Strobilophaga, 181.
Eolophus roseicapillus, 86.
Kopsaltria australis, 93.
—— griseogularis, 93, 147.
Eos, 189.

Ephialtes, 186.
Ephthianura albifrons, 96.
—— crocea, 9.

epomophora, Diomedea, 52.
Erana, 188.

Eremiornis carteri, 97.
Hreunetes, 125, 129.

—— pusillus, 123.
Erismatura, 193.

australis, 80.

rubida, 181.

erithica, Alcedo, 194.

Erolia, 125, 126.

alpina, 123.

ferruginea, 55, 71.
Sinaia, 11233,

Eroliine, 123, 124, 125, 128.
erythrocephala, Myzomela, 102.
erythrocephalus, Picus, 181.
Erythrodryas rodinogaster, SI.
Erythrogonys cinctus, 75.
Erythropitta macklotii, 90.
erythrops, Climacteris, 101.
erythropterus, Aprosmictus, 86.
, Ptistes, 168.

erythrorhychnus, Larus, 135, 148.

Erythroscelis, 129.
Erythrotriorchis racdiatus, 83.
Erythura trichroa, 106.
Ethelornis cairnsensis, 92.
—— cantator, 92.

—— chloronotus, 92.

—— fuscus, 92.

—— levigaster, 92.

—— magnirostris, 92.
—— mastersi, 92.

—— mouki, 92.

——— tenebrosus, 92.
Kudynamis orientalis, 88.
Eudynamys, 190.
Kudyptes chrysocome, 146.
— chrysolophus, 146.
—— cristata, 146.

—-—— eristatus, 137.
cristatus, 147.
—— —_— filholi, 147.
interjectus, 147.
moseleyi, 147.
——— ——— gerresianus, 147.

—— pachyrhynchus, 50, 66, 146.

schlegeli, 50, 66, 111.
—— sclateri, 50.

——— serresianus, 50, 66, 111, 137, 146.

Eudyptula albosignata, 49.
—— minor, 49, 66.
EHulabeornis castaneoventris, 76.
Euphema, 188.

discolor, 168.
Eupodella vereda, 56, 74.
Eurhynchus, 142.

europea, Pyrrhula, 162.

, Riparia, 162.
Eurostopus guttatus, 90.
mystacalis, 90.
Eurynorhynchus, 125, 129.
pygmeus, 123.
Eurystomus orientalis, 61, 89, 117.
pacificus, 136, 151.
Euspiza, 185.

Eutelipsitta chlorolepidota, 87.
ewingii, Acanthiza, 112.
Exealfactoria chinensis, 77.
exilis, Cisticola, 96.

eximius, Platycercus, 85, 116.
externa, Pterodroma, 51.
exulans, Diomedea, 52, 68.
Eyramitis goyderi, 99.

eytoni, Ctenanas, 58, 80.

faleinellus, Platyrhynchus, 71.
, Plegadis, 60, 81.
Falco, 186.

—- bonelli, 167.
hypoleucus, 82.
leucogaster, 136.
longipennis, 82.
palustris, 133.

Faleon, Black, 82.

, Black-echeeked, 82.
——, Grey, 82.

, Little, 82.

——, Pigeon, 180.
Faleunculus frontatus, 100.
leucogaster, 100.
familiaris, Certhia, 180.
Fantail, 93.

, Black, 63.

——, Black and White, 94, 112.
——, Northern, 94.

———, Pied, 63:

, Rufous, 93.

fasciata, Columba, 181.

, Rallina, 152.

, Urospiza, 83.
fasciatus, Ramsayornis, 103.
fascinans, Microeca, 91.
fasciogularis, Dorothina, 104.
featherstoni, Stictocarbo, 53.
fera, Anas media, 133.
ferina, Aythya, 167.
Fern-Bird, 63.

, Chatham Islands, 63.
ferruginea, Anas, 153.

——, Hrolia, 55, 71.

——, Lophophaps, 79.
Ficaria flavescens, 162.

——- hippolais, 162.

INDEX. 209

Ficaria sylvicola, 162.
Ficedula pinetorum, 162.
—— salicum, 162.

sylvicola, 162.
Field-Wren, 96.

, Little

, Striated, 96.

Fig-Bird, 95.

, Grey-throated, 95.

, Yellow-bellied, 95. °
filholi, Eudyptes cristatus, 147.
fimbriata, Motacilla, 137, 143.
fimbriatus, Callocorydon, 86.
, Psittacus, 122.

Finch, Banded, 106.

——, Black-throated, 106.
———, Blue-faced, 106.

——., Chestnut-breasted, 106.
——~, Chestnut-eared, 106.
——, Crimson, 107.

——, Dun, 106.

——, Fire-tailed, 106.

——, Gouldian, 106.

——, Long-tailed, 106.
——, Masked, 107.

——., Painted, 106.

——, Plum-headed, 106.
——-, Red-browed, 106.
——, Red-eared, 106.

———, Red-faced, 106.

—_—, Spotted-sided, 106.
——-, Temporal, 119.

—-, White-bellied Crimson, 107.
—.—, White-breasted, 106.
——, White-headed, 119:
~——, Yellow-rumped, 106.
Hinfoot, African, 174.

——, American, 174.

Finke gemeine, 132.
Winschia noveseelandix, 63.
flabellifera, Rhipidura, 63, 93.
Flamingo, Red, 181.
flammea, Strix, 180.

flava, Broadbentia, 104.

-, Budytes, 105.
flaveolus, Platycercus, 85.
flaveseens, Ficaria, 162.

, Ptilotala, 104.

, Sylvia, 162.

flavicollis, Dupetor, 81.
——, Fringilla, 148.

, Nesoptilotis, 104.
flavigaster, Kempia, 91.
flavigula, Myzantha, 105.
flavipes, Platibis, 82.

——., Tringa, 123.
flaviprymna, Donacola, 106.

210 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.

flaviventer, Macherirhynchus, 94.

, Xanthotis, 105.
flaviventris, Acanthiza, 112.
, Sphecotheres, 95.
flavocincta, Mimeta, 107.
flavostriata, Ptilotis; 10.
Fliegenschnapper grosse, 132.
floccosus, Pycnoptilus, 95.
Flock-Pigeon, 78.
Flowerpecker, 101.
fluminea, Porzana, 76.
Flycatcher, Black-breasted, 94.
, Black-faced, 94.
——, Broad-billed, 94.

— —, Brown, 91.

— —, Brown-tailed, 91.
— ., Frill-necked, 94.
—-, Leaden, 94.

——, Lemon-breasted, 91.
——, Red-bellied, 119.
——, Restless, 94.

——, Satin, 94.

——., Shining, 94.

, Spectacled, 94.
——, White-eared, 94.
Flyeater, 92, 109, 110.

, Allied, 92.

———, Black-throated, 92.
——, Brown, 92.

——, Buff-breasted, 92.
——, Dusky, 92.

——, Green-backed, 92.
——, Gulf, 92.

——, Large-billed, 92.
——, Queensland, 92.
——,, Singing, 92.

, White-throated, 92.
forcipata, Columba, 149.

, Larus, 149. -
forsteri, Pachyptila, 166.
francica, Zoonava, 90.

franklinii, Chroicocephalus, 156.

, Larus, 156.
Fratercula, 193.

Fregata ariel, 53, 68.
minor, 52, 68.
Fregetta tropica, 50, 67.
tubulata, 67.
Fregettornis alisteri, 108.
grallarius, 108.
insularis, 108.
royanus, 108.
frenata, Dorothina, 104.

, Ptilotis, 10.
frenatus, Cyrtostomus, 102.
freycinet, Megapodius, 166.
Friar-Bird, 105.

Friar-Bird, Helmeted, 105.
, silver-crowned, 105.
, Yellow-throated, 105.
Frigate-Bird, 52, 68.

, Lesser, 53, 68.
Fringilla, 187.

anceps, 132.
canariensis, 152.
eardinalis, 133.

——- ceelebs canariensis, 152.
tintillon, 152.
—— flavicollis, 148.

fusea, 152.

——- leucocephala, 119.
—— pumila, 132.
subeana, 132.
temporalis, 119.
textrix, 141.

— vulgaris, 132.
xanthocollis, 148.
Fringillaria, 188.
fringillaria, Alauda, 158.

, Calandrella, 158.
Frogmouth, 88.

, Large, 88.

——., Marbled, 88.

, Plumed, 88.
frontalis, Anarhynchus, 56.
, sericornis, 97.
frontatus, Falecunculus, 100.
, Lanius, 117.
fuciphaga, Zoonava, 90.
Fulica atra, 57, 76.

fusea, 134.
rubiginosa, 134.
variegata, 134.
fulicarius, Phalaropus, 56.
fuliginosa, Coronica, 170.

, Hemichelidon, 144.
——, Muscicapa, 144.
——, sibirica, 144.
——, Rhipidura, 63.

, Strepera, 100.
fuliginosus, Calamanthus, 96.
, Planesticus, 110.
Fuligula, 192.
noveeseelandix, 59.
funerea, Surnia, 180,

, Zanda, 86, 116.
fusea, Fulica, 134.

, Motacilla, 132.

——.,, Fringilla, 152.

—., Paraptilotis, 103.
—-, Pheebetria, 52, 68.

, Querquedula, 162.
fuseatus, Larus, 149, 150.
——, Onychoprion, 54, 76.

INDEX.

fuscescens, Hypoleucus, 69.
fuscus, Aplonis, 109. 110.

, Caturatis, 162.

——, Ethelornis, 92.

, Larus, 162.

——,, Microptilotis, 103.

Gabianus pacificus, 71.
Galah, 86.

galbula, Oriolus, 180.
galerita, Kakatoé 86.
galinella, Zaporina, 162.
gallapagina, Columba, 149.
gallapaginus, Columba, 149.
gallapogoensis, Columbi-gallina, 149.
gallinacea, Irediparra, 75.
Gallinagine, 125.

Gallinago, 125, 128, 129, 131.
ceelestis 130.
gigantea, 129.
imperialis, 128.
stricklandi, 128.
gallinago, Capella, 131.
Gallinula tenebrosa, 76.
gallinula, Lymnocryptes, 153, 154.
Gallinule, White, 109.
Gallirallus australis, 57.
brachyterus, 57.
hectori,* 57.
Gampsonyx, 186.
Gang-gang, 86.

Gannet, 54, 69.

, Brown, 53, 69.

——, Masked, 53, 69.

, Red-legged, 69.
Garganey-Teal, 80.
Garrodia nereis, 50.
garrula, Myzantha, 169.
Garrulus, 187.

eristatus, 179.
garrulus, Ampelis, 180.
garzetta, Egretta, 81.
Gecinus, 189.

gelastes, Larus, 157.
Gelochelidon nilotica, 70.
genei, Larus, 157.
Geobasileus chrysorrhous, 97.
alexanderi, 137.
hedleyi, 97.
reeuloides, 97.
Geocichla major, 144.
Geococcyx, 190.

geoffroyi, Geoffroyus, 86.
Geoffroyus geoffroyi, 86.
Geopelia, 191.

placida, 78.

Geophaps scripta, 78.

Geophaps smithi, 78.
Geopsittacus occidentalis, 84.
georgianus, Quoyornis, 93.
Geospiza, 187.

Gerygone olivacea, 92.
gibberifrons, Virago, 59, 80.
gigantea, Gallinago, 129.
giganteus, Macronectes, 52, 68.
Gilbertornis inornatus, 93.
rufogularis, 93.
gilviventris, Xenicus, 62.
glacialis, Colymbus, 179.
glandaria minor, Pica, 133.

| Glareola maldivarum, 75.

glareola, Rhyacophilus, 72, 123.
glaucodes, Larus,-156.
glaucoides, Larus, 155, 156.
glaucus, Caturates, 162.

, Larus, 155.

| Gliciphila melanops, 103.

Globicera pacifica, 79.
rubricera, 79.
Glossopsitta concinna, 87, 116.
porphryrocephala, 87.
pusilla, 87.

Glottis, 125, 129.

—- nebularius, 55, 72.
Glychicheera claudi, 103.
Glyciphila subfasciata, 10.
Gnat-Catcher, Yellow-tailed, 179.
godmanze, Raperia, 109.
Godwit, 55, 72, 173.

———, American, 55.

——., Barred-rumped, 72.

, Black-tailed, 73.
goodenovii, Whiteornis, 91.
Goose, Cape Barren, 79.

, Laughing, 181.

, Pied, 79.

| Goose-Crane, Australian, 184.

Goose-Teal, Green, 79.

, White-quilled, 79.
Goshawk, 83.

, Grey, 83.

——., Red, 83.

, White, 83.

gouldi, Circus juxta, 167.
, Sterna, 135, 152.

, Zosterops, 101.
gouldiz, Poéphila, 106.
goyderi, Amytis, 9.

, Cyramitis, 99.
gracilis, Microptilotis, 103.
Gracula cyanotis, 118.
melanocephala, 117.

| —— picata, 118.

graculina, Strepera, 100.

211

212 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.

Grakle, Black-headed, 117.

, Blue-eared, 118.

——., Pied, 118.

, Purple, 181.

grallarius, Fregettornis, 108.
Grallina cyanoleuca, 99, 116.
gramineus, Poodytes, 96.

—— milligani, Poodytes, 137.
Grantiella picta, 103.
Grasemiicke, Braungefleckle, 132.
gemeine, 132.

—— Graue, 132.

——, Kleine graue, 132.

——, Schwarzliche, 132.
Grass-Bird, 96.

, Tawny, 96.

—— Warbler, 96.

Graucalus hypoleucus, 94.

—— novehollandie, 94.

——— robustus, 63, 94, 116.
Graufink, 132.

Graumaise, 132.

grayi, Anthus, 150.

Grebe, Black-throated, 76.

, Great Crested, 58, 76.
—+—, Hoary-headed, 76.

——, Tippet, 76.

Greenshank, 55, 72, 173.

, Little, 72.

greyi, Demiegretta, 81.
griseiceps, Mattingleya, 93.
eriseogularis, Kopsaltria, 93, 147.
griseus, Neonectris, 51, 67.
trosbeak, Blue-winged, 117, 119.
, Rose-breasted, 179.
Ground-Bird, Black-breasted, 95.
, Chestnut-backed, 95.
——— ———,, Cinnamon, 95.

——, Spotted, 95.
Ground-Dove, 78.

Ground Thrush, 96.

Wren, 95.

, Western, 95.

Grouse, Canada, 179.
Grypaétus, 142.

Gryphus, 142, 143.
Gubernatrix, 188.

Guiraca, 187.

ludoviciana, 179.

cularis, Melithreptus, 102.

, Merops, 193.

Gull, Black-backed, 54.

, Black-billed, 55.
ACC mile

——, Red-billed, 54, 71.

, Silver, 71.

gunni, Dromaius novehollandixe, 175.

guttata, Tavistocka, 106, 116.
guttatus, Earostopus, 90.
gutturalis, Oreoica, 100, 112.
=, Oreoscopus, 98.
Gygisterna sumatrana, 70.
gymnopis, Cacatua, 10.
Gymnorhina, 187.

hypoleuca, 100.

tibicen, 100.

Gypaétus, 185.

Gypohierax, 185.
Gypoictinia melanosterna, 82.
— montana, 167.

Gyps, 185.

haasti, Apteryx, 58.
Habiastur, 185.
habroptilus, Strigops, 60.
hemastica, Vetola, 55.
hematogaster, Northiella, 85, 168.
narethae, Northiella, 168.
hematonotus, Psephotus, 85,
Hematopus niger, 111.

ostralegus, 56, 74.

unicolor, 56, 74, 111.
hematopus, Trichoglossus, 167.
hematorrhous, Northiella, 168.
hematotus daviesianus, Psittacus, 122.
Halhaétus, 185.

—— lecocephalus, 179.

haliaetus, Pandion, 83, 136.
Haliastur indus, 83.

- sphenurus, 83.

Hallornis leuconotus, 98.
Halobcena cerulea, 51, 68.
hamatodus, Trichoglossus, 167.
Hamirostra, 183, 185.
melanosterna, 167.
melanosterna, 167.
-montana, 167.
montana, 167, 184.
hardwicki, Ditelmatias, 55, 71.
harmonica, Colluricincla, 99.
Harpagus, 186.

Hapolorhynchus albofrontatus, 83.
Harelda, 192.

Harpyia, 185.

Harrier, 60, 83.

, Spotted, 83.

Harrisornis lathamus, 86, 167.
Harriwhitea alberti, 90.

Hawk, Brown, 82.

, Bush, 60.

——, Crested, 82.

-, Quail, 60.

Heckenspringer, 133. _....17,
hectori, Gallirallus, 57 —

INDEX. 213

hedleyi, Geobasileus, 97.
Heerschnepfe, 133.

heinei, Calandrella rufescens, 159.
Heliornis senegalensis, 175.
Helodromas, 125, 129.
Helotarsus, 185.

Hemicercus, 189.
Hemichelidon fuliginosa, 144.
Hemilophus, 189.
Hemipalma multistriata, 181.
Hemiphaga chathamensis, 58.
noveeseelandizw, 58, 110.
Hemiptilotis cockerelli, 104.
Hemipuffinus carneipes, 51, 67.
Heron, Blue, 59.

: Reef, 81.

——, Great-billed, 80.

——, Great White, 59.

——., Grey, 59.

——., Night, 59, 81.

——, White-fronted, 59, 81.
——, White-necked, 81.
———, White Reef, 81.
Heteractitis, 113, 125, 129.
brevipes, 72, 112.
ineanus, 55, 72, 112.
Heteralocha acutirostris, 64.
Heteromunia pectoralis, 106.
Heteromyias cimereifrons, 9.
Heteroprion belcheri, 51, 68.
desolatus, 52, 68.
Heteropygia, 129.
acuminata, 123.
Heteroscelis, 113.
Heteroscelus, 113, 124, 125.
Heteroscenes pallidus, 87.
Hieraaetus pennatus, 85.
Hieracoglaux connivens, 83.
Himantopus leucocephalus, 56, 73.
novezealandie, 56.
himantopus, Micropalama, 123.
Hippolais celebs, 131.
icterina, 131.

‘hippolais, Ficaria, 162.

, Sylvia, 162, 163.
Hirundapus, 138.
caudacutus, 62, 90.
hirundinaceum, Austrodiceum, 101.
Hirundolanius eceruleus, 151.
Hirundo caudacuta, 138.
clivicola, 162.

neoxena, 91.

riparia, 162.

rufa, 180.

——Irustica, Oils
Hirundolanius ceruleus, 136.
histrionica, F ‘~ophaps, 78.

| Histriophaps histrionica, 78.
| hochstetteri, Manteliornis,

OE
hollandicus, Leptolophus, 86.
Holztaube, 133.
Homoscolopax, 128.
Honey-eater, Banded, 102.

, Black, 102:

—_—, Black-chinned, 102.
——, Black-headed, 102.
——, Blue-faced, 105.

——, Bridled, 104.

—, Brown-backed, 103.
——., Brown-headed, 102.
——-, Crescent, 105.

——__— 7 DuskayamlO28

———, Fasciated, 104.

——, Fuscous, 103.

———, Great Hooked-billed, 174.
—-, Green, 103.

——, Grey-headed, 104.
———’ Helmeted 04.»

——, Inconspicuous, 1038.
——, Least, 103.

—-——, Little, Yellow-spotted, 103.
——, Painted, 103.

——, Pied, 103.

——— Poe 742

——, Red-headed, 102.

——, Red-throated, 103.
——, Regent, 103.

—-—, Rufous-breasted, 103.
——, Sanguineous, 102.
—, Singing, 104.

——, Spiny-cheeked, 105.
——, Streaked-naped, 105. .'
——, Striped, 102.

——, Strong-billed, 102.
—— , Tawny-fronted, 103.
——., Varied, 104.

———, Wattled-cheeked, 104.
——, White-bearded, 105.
——, White-breasted, 103.
———, White-cheeked, 105.
——, White-eared, 104.
——, White-fronted, 103.

= , White-gaped, 104.
——, White-lined, 104.

——, White-naped, 102.
——, White-plumed, 104.

| ———, White-streaked, 104.
| ———, Yellow, 104.

——., Yellow-eared, 103.

——, Yellow-faced, 103.

- , Yellow-fronted, 104.

—-—, Yellow-plumed, 104.
, Yellow-spotted, 103.
-, Yellow-streaked, 104.

214 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.

Honey-eater, Yellow-throated, 104.

, Yellow-tinted, 104.

, Yellow-tufted, 104.
Hoplopterus spinosus, 151.
horsfieldi, Oreocinela, 145.

, Turdus, 144.
Howeavis rufifrons, 93.
hrota, Anas, 155.

, Bernicla, 155.

Huia, 64.

humeralis, Chrysachoena, 78.
humilis, Tasmanornis, 98.
Humming-bird, Harliquin, 193.
, Least, 193.

——., Red-throated, 193.
——, Stripe-cheeked, 193.

, Topaz-throated, 193.
Hydrochelidon plumbea, 181.
Hydroprogne, 112.

caspia, 54, 70.
Hylacola cauta, 95.
pyrrhopygia, 95.
Hylochelidon nigricans, 62, 91.
Hymenolaimus, 192.
malacorhynchus, 59.
hyperboreus, Larus, 155.
hypoleuca, Gymnorhina, 100.
hypoleucos, 'Tringoides, 123.
Hypoleucus campbell, 53,
earunculatus, 53.
chaleonotus, 53.
fuseescens, 69.

perthi, 69, 111.

varius, 53, 111.
hypoleucus, Actitis, 72.

, Falco, 82.

, Graucalus, 94.

Hypotenidia philippensis, 57, 75.

Hypotriorchis, 186.
columbarius, 180.
Hypurolepis javanica, 91.

Ibis, Glossy, 60, 81.

-, Straw-necked, 81.
—,, White, 82.

, Wood, 181].
Ibycter, 185.

icterina, Hippolais, 131.
icterotis, Platycercus, 85.
Ictinia, 186.

Teracidea, 186.

—-— berigora, 82, 116.
Terax, 186.

igata, Maorigerygone, 62
Tliornis stagnatilis, 72.
imperialis, Gallinago, 128.
——, Paradisea, 137, 142.

| interjectus, Kudyptes cristatus, 147.

ineanus, Heteractitis, 55, 72, 112.
Indicator, 190.

indistincta, Stigmatops, 103.
indus, Halastur, 83.
inexpectata, Pterodroma, 51, 67.
inexpectatus, Circus juxta, 167.
irornata, Acanthiza, 97.
inornatus, Gilbertornis, 93.
inquieta, Seisura, 94.

insularis, Fregettornis, 108.
——, Royigerygone, 109.

intermedia, Mesophoyx, 81.
interpres, Arenaria, 56, 74.

| iredalei, Acanthiza, 97.

Iredaleornis cinereifrons, 92.
Irediparra gallinacea, 75.

iris, Puchripitta, 91.

isabella, Stiltia, 57, 75.
Ischnosceles, 186.

islandicus, Larus, 156.

ispida, Alcedo, 194.

isura, Lophoictinia, 82.
Ixobrychus minutus, 59, 81, 116.

Jabiru, S81.
Australian, 121, 194.
jamesom, Larus, 27.

| jardinil, Saxicola, 136.

javanica, Dendrocygna, 80.

, Hypurolepis, 91.

, Mirafra, 106.
nigrescens, Mirafra, 137.
soderbergi, Mirafra, 137.
Jay, Blue, 179.

| jubata, Chenonetta, 80, 116.

Jumper, Grey, 108.

juxta, Circus, 167.

gouidi, Circus, 167.
inexpectatus, Circus, 167.
juxta, Circus, 167,

Kaka, 61.

Long-billed, 110.
Kakapo, 60.

Kakatoe galerita, 86.
Karua leucomela, 95.
kaupi, Ophryzone, 94.
Kea, 61.

keartlandi, Sacramela, 104.

| kempi, Kempiella, 93.

Kempia flavigaster, 91.
Kempiella kempi, 93.
keraudrenil, Phonygammus, 108.

_ Kestrel, Nankeen, 60, 82.

Ketupa, 186.
Kingfisher, 61.

INDEX. ne 215

Kingfisher Azure, 120. | Lark, Bush, 106.
Black-capped, 194. | , Ground, 64.

—— Blue, 89. | , Meadow, 180.
— Blue-winged, 89. ——., Rufous Song, 96.
Common, 194. , Shore, 181.

—— Ione, i). Laroides major, 157.
—— Green-headed, 194. Larus argentatus, 158.
Little, 89. | —-— australis, 135, 152.
-——— Mangrove, 89. | —— canus major, 157.
—— Minute, 194. : —— cinereus, 162.

—— Red-backed, 89. dominicanus, 54.
— Red-headed, 194. erythrorhynchus, 135, 148.
Sacred, 89. —— forcipata, 149.

— Ultramarine, 194. — —— franklini, 156.

—— White-tailed, 89. fucatus, 150.

—— Yellow-billed, 89. fureatus, 149.
Wood, 89. fuseus, 162.
King-Quail, 77. gelastes, 157.
Kinglet, American, 179. genei, 157.

Kite, Black-shouldered, 82. glaucodes, 156. .

, Allied, 82. glaucoides, 155, 156.

——, Letter-winged, 82. | —— glaucus, 155.

, Square-tailed, 82. | hyperboreus, 155,
Kiwi, 58. islandicus, 156.
—— Great Grey, 58. | jamesoni, 27.

Little Grey, 58. —— leucocephalus, 157.
Knot, 55, 71. | leucopterus, 155, 156.

xreat, 71. | —— marinus, 162.
Koel, 88. a | ——— maximus, 162.

| novehollandie, 148,
| ——— pipixean, 156.

Long-tailed, 110.
Kookaburra, 89, 112. |
Kurukuru taitensis, 149. | tereticollis, 150.
kukunoorensis, Calandrella rufescens, | tenuirostris, 157.

159. | lateralis, Zosterops, 63, 101.
lathami, Alectura, 77.
, Harrisornis, 167.

Lacustroica whitei, 103.

letior, Melithreptus, 10. . | ——, Neosericornis, 97.
Lagenoplastes ariel, 91. | Lathamus discolor, 84.
Lagopus, 191. | lathamus, Harrisornis, 86.
Laimodon, 189. | lawsonii, Columba, 142.
Lalage tricolor, 95. | Lazulena macleayii, 89.
lamberti, Leggeornis, 98. | leachi, Dacelo, 89.
lambruschinii, Xema, 157. | leachii, Thalassidroma, 181.

leadbeateri, Lophochroa, 86.
, Lophoptilotis, 104.
——, Opopsitta, 87.
lecocephalus, Haliaétus, 179.

Lamprococcyx lucidus, 61, 88.
minutillus, 88.

—— plagosus, 88.

russatus, 88.

Lamprotes, 187. Leek, Green, 86.
lanceolatus, Plectorhamphus, 102. Leggeornis amabilis, 98.
Land Rail, 76. —— elegans, 98.
lanioides, Alisterornis, 93. | ——— Jamiberti,,.98:
Lanius borealis, 180. —— pulcherrimus, 98.
a ronuabusn lve | Leipoa ocellata, 77.

minor rutilus, 133. | Leptolophus hollandicus, 86.
lapponica, Vetola, 55, 72. Leptophaéthon lepturus, 69.
lapponicus, Plectrophanes, 179. lepturus, Leptophaethon, 69,

Lark, Brown Song, 96. leschenaulti, Pagoa, 74.

216

lessoni, A’strelata, 51, 67.

Lestris parasiticus, 166.
Leucanous albus, 54, 110.
leucocephala, Fringilla, 119.

, Neositta, 101.
leucocephalus, Cladorhynchus, 73.
, Himantopus, 56, 73.

———— Warus) ioe

———, Pandion, 136.

Leucocirea leucophrys, 94, 112, 116.
leucogaster, Cuncuma, 83.

, Falco, 136.

——, Faleunculus, 100.

—, Pontoztus, 136, 147.

= HOUlavoo moo:

leucomela, Karua, 95.
Leucomelcena norfolciensis, 78.
Leuconerpes, 190.

leuconotus, Hallornis, 98.
leucopareia, Chlidonias, 70.

leucophea, Calandrella rufescens, 159.

, Climacteris, 101.

—-, Crocethia, 72, 113.
leucophrys, Leucocirea, 94, 112, 116.
, Turdus, 120.
Leucopolius ruficapillus, 56, 74.
leucops, Tegellasia, 93.
Leucopsis, 142, 143.

leucopsis, Aphelocephala, 100.
, Branta, 155.

leucoptera, Alauda, 158.

, Chlidonias, 54, 70.

——, Melanocorypha, 158.
leucopterus, Larus, 155, 156.

, Nesomalurus, 98.
leucopygius, Diaphoropterus, 110.
leucorynchus, Artamus, 99.
Leucosarcia melanoleuca, 79.
Leucospiza novehollandie, 83.
—— rail, 83.

leucosternum, Cheramcca, 91.
leucotis, Carterornis, 94.

, Nesoptilotis, 104, 116.
oes Me Os
Leucotreron alligator, 79.
leucura, Penecenanthe, 93.
levigaster, Ethelornis, 92.
lewinil, Dorothina, 103.
Lewinornis rufiventris, 93.
Lichenostomus ecratitius, 104.
Licmetis, 189.

—— tenuirostris, 86.
Limicola, 129.

Limnocinelus, 129.

——- acuminatus, 55, 72.
Limnocryptes, 129.
Limnodromus, 124, 125, 129.

THE AUSTRAL

AVIAN RECORD.

Limonites, 129.

Limosa, 124, 125, 128, 129.
limosa, 73.

Linaria saxatilis, 133.
lineata, Acanthiza, 97.

, Pealea, 50. ‘
lineatus, Paragraucalus, 94.
Littlera chrysoptera, 91.
lobata, Biziura, 80.
Lobibyx miles, 74.
novehollandie, 57,74.
loculator, Tantalus, 181.

| locustella, Salicaria, 162.

, Sylvia, 162.
Logrunner, 95.

, Black-headed, 95.
lonvicauda, Batramia, 72.
longicaudatus, Parus, 133.
longimembris, Tyto, 84.
longipennis, Falco, 82.
longipes, Xenicus, 62.
lonnbergi, Catharacta, 55, 71.
Lophastur subcristatus, 82.
Lophochroa leadbeateri, 86.
Lophocitta, 187.
Lophoictinia isura, 82.
Lopholaimus, 191.

——— antarcticus, 79.
Lophophaps ferruginea, 79.
plumifera, 78.
Lophoptilotis leadbeateri, 104.
melanops, 116, 104.
lophotes, Ocyphaps, 79.
lorealis, Proseisura, 94.
Lorikeet, Blue-bellied, 87.

, Little, 87.

eee Maske

——, Purple-crowned, 87.
——, Red-collared, 87.
—_—, Sealy-breasted, 87.
——, Varied, 87.

Lorilet, Blue-faced, 87.

, Red-faced, 87.

Lorius, 189.

pectoralis, 86.

Lotus- Bird, 75.

lovensis, Ashbyia, 96.

Loxia, 188.

—— americana, IS].

—-—- cyanoptera, 119.
lucidus, Lamprococcyx, 61, 8S.
Judoviciana, Guiraca, 179.

, Sturnella, 180.
lugubris, Motacilla, 132, 140, 143.
lunulata, Anthochera, 147.

, Oreocincla, 96.
lunulatus, Melithreptus, 102.

INDEX. 21

lutea, Zosterops, 101.

lyalli, Traversia, 62.
Lymnocryptes gallinula, 153, 154.
—— minima, 154.

Lyre-Bird, 90, 121.

-, Northern, 90.

maccormicki, Catharacta, 55.
maccoyii, Cyclopsitta, 10.
Maccoyornis broadhbenti, 98.
macei, Pontoaetus, 167.
Macheerirhynchus flaviventer, 94.
Machetes, 125.

—-— pugnax, 123.

macklotiu, Erythropitta, 90.
macleayana, Caloptilotis, 104.
macleayii, Lazulena, 89.
Maclennania mathewsi 96.
Macreuse, 142, 123.
macrocephala, Myiomoira, 62.
Macronectes giganteus, 52, 68.
Macronyx, 188.

macroptera, Pterodroma, 51, 67.
Macropygia, 191.

phasianella, 78.
Macrorhamphus, 125, 129.
Macrorthonyx, spaldingi, 95.
macrurus, Rossornis, 90.
macularius, Tringoides, 123.
maculata, Chlamydera, 107.
maculatus, Orthonyx, 95.
——-, Sericornis, 97.
maculosa, Turnix, 77.
maculosus, Ailureedus, 9.
Magnamytis dorothex, 99.

—- woodwardi, 99.
magnifica, Craspedophora, 108.
——, Megaloprepia, 79.
magnirostris, Burhinus, 71.
——, Ethelornis, 92.

——, Orthorhamphus, 71.
———, Sericornis, 97.

magnus, Acanthornis, 98.
Magpie, Black-backed, 109.
Magpie-Lark, 99.

——, White-backed, 100.
major, Geocichla, 144.

—__-, Laroides, 157.

——, Pheenicopterus, 154.
—---, Picus, 193.

—-—, Trochilus, 162.

——. Turdus, 144.

—-—, —— dauma, 144.

malachurus, Stipiturus, 98, 137, 143.

Malacorhynchus, 192.
—— membranaceus, 80.
malcorhynchus, Hymenolaimus, 59,

~I

maldivarum, Glareola, 75.
malherbi, Cyanorhamphus, 61.
malimbicus, Merops, 193.
Malimbus, 141.
Mallee-Fowl, 77.
Malurus cyaneus, 98, 116.
——— melanotus, 98.
—— splendens, 98.
Manakin, Speckled, 119.
Manorhina melanophrys, 105.
Mantellornis hochstetteri, 57.
Manucode, 108.
Maorgigerygone igata, 62.
Mareca, 192.
Marianornis varius, 77.
marina, Pelagodroma, 50, 66.
marinus, Larus, 162.
maritima, Arquatella, 123.
Martin, Fairy, 91.
— , Tree-, 91. 4
martinica, Porphrio, 180.
Martinico Sultana, 180.
mastersi, Ethelornis, 92.
Mastersornis cyanoleucus, 0+.
—— rubecula, 94.
—— ruficollis, 94.
Mathewsena rubicunda, 75.
mathewsi, Maclennania, 96.
matook, Demiegretta, 59, 81.
Mattingleya griseiceps, 93.
maxima, Pteropodocys, 94.
maximus, Caturates, 162.
————, arise l62):
Meadow-Lark, 180.
media, Motacilla, 132.
, Scolopax, 132.
—— fera, Anas, 133:
meclius, Trochilus, 162.
Megadyptes antipodes, 50.
megala, Subspilura, 71.
Megalaima, 189.
Megalophonus, 188.
Megaloprepia magnifica, 97.
Megalopterus minutus, 54, 70.
—— tenuirostris, 70.
Megalorhynchus, 189.
Megalurus striatus, 137.
Megapodius freycinet, 166.
— renwardt, 77, 366.
—~— tumulator, 166.
- tumulifieus, 166.
— tumulorum, 166.
—— tumulus, 166.
Megapodargus papuensis, 88.
megarhyncha, Caleyva, 99.
Megastrix tenebricosa, 84.
Meiglyptes, 190.

218

Melanerpes, 190.

melanocephala, Gracula, 117.

, Myzantha, 105, 116, 145.

, Ryania, 98.
melanocephalus, Pardalotinus, 102.
Melanocorypha, 188.

—— leucoptera, 158.

sibirica, 158.

Melanodryas cucullata, 92, 136.
melanogaster, Colcloughia, 77.
= Oca, 120),

melanoleuea, Leucosarcia, 79.
melanoleucus, Microcarbo, 69.
melanotus, Ailurcedus, 107.

, Malurus, 98.

melanophris, Thalassarche, 52, 68.
melanophrys, Manorina, 105.
melanops, Elseyornis, 74.

, Gliciphila, 108.

, Lophoptilotis, 104, 116.

, Turdus, 120.

melanopsis, Monarcha, 94.
melanoptera, Strepera, 100.
melanopus, Pterodroma, 67, 108.
melanorhamphus, Corcorax, 108.
melanorhyncha, Bruchigavia, 55.
melanorhynchos, Platalea, 135, sys,
Melanosterna anzethetus, 70.
melanosterna, Gypoictinia, 82.
———, Hamirostra, 167.

montana, Hamirostra, 167.
melanosternon, Buteo, 167.
melanosternum, Buteo, 184.
melanota, Whitlocka, 101.
melanotus, Porphyrio, 76.
melanoxantha, Tanagra, 141.
melanura, Anthornis, 63.

, Pachycephala, 93.
———, Whitlocka, 101.
Meherax, 186.

Meliornis novehollandize, 105.
Melithreptus affinis, 102.
atricapillus, 102.
gularis, 102.

== Ike, IO).

—- lunatus, 102.
validirostris, 102.
mellori, Conopoderas australis, 136.
Melloria quoyi, 100.
Melomyza obscura, 102.
Melopsittacus, 188.
undulatus, 84.

membranaceus, Malacorhynchus, 80.

mentalis, Bulestes, 100.
Menura novehollandia, 90.
——- edwardi, 168.

melanosterna, Hamirostra, 167.

THE AUSTRAL-AVIAN RECORD.

Merganetta, 193.

Merganser, Auckland Islands; 59.
, Great, 180.

Mergellus, 193.

Mergulus, 193.

Mergus, 193.

Castor els:
meridionalis, Nestor, 61.
Merops albifrons, 118, 137, 145.
apiaster, 193.

— carunculatus, 169, 170.
—— ceeruleocephala, 193.
— cucullatus, 118.

— gularis, 193.

——- malimbicus, 193.

——— ornatus, 118.

Merula torquata orientalis, 144.
Mesocarbo ater, 53, 69.
Mesophoyx intermedia, 81.
Mesoscolopax minutus, 55, 73.
Metagraucalus tenuirostris, 95.
metallicus, Metallopsar, 107.
Metallopsar metallicus, 107.
Micraleyone pusilla, 89.
Micrartamus minor, 99.
Miecrastur, 186.

Microecarbo brevirostris, 53.
melanoleucus, 69.
Micreeea assimilis, 9.
brunneicauda, 91.
fascinans, 91.
Microglossum, 189.
Micropalama, 125, 129.
himantopus, 123.
Microphilemon orientalis, 105.
Micropodargus ocellatus, 88.
plumiferus, 88.
Micropterus, 192.
Microptilotis fuscus, 103.
—— gracilis, 103.

Micropus pacificus, 62, 90.

| Microtribonyx ventralis, 76.

migrans, Milvus, 82.

miles, Lobibyx, 74.
milligani, Poodytes gramineus, 137.
Milligania robustirostris, 97.
Milvago, 185.

Milvus, 186.

migrans, 82.

Mimeta flavocineta, 197.
—-— sagittata, 107.

Minah, Bell, 105.

, Black-headed, 105.

, Yellow-throated, 105.
minima, Lymnocryptes, 154.
——., Scolopax, 153.

| minimus, Picus, 193.

minimus, Sericornis, 9.

, Trochilus, 193.

minor, Calandrella rufescens, 159.
, Calandritis, 159.

——, Eudyptula, 49, 66.
——., Fregata, 52, 68.

——., Micrartamus, 99.

——, Motacilla, 132.

——., Scolopax, 181.

——, Trochilus, 162.

- rufescens, Calandrella, 159.
——— rutilus, Lanius, 133.
minuta, Emberiza, 160.

, Hrolia, 123.

, Zaporina, 135, 162.
minutillus, Lamprococcyx, 88.
minutus, [xobrychus, 59, 81, 116.
———, Megalopterus, 54, 70.

, Mesoscolopax, 55, 73.
Mirafra, 188.

javanica, 106.
nigrescens, 137.
sdderbergi, 137.
Miro australis, 62.

Mistletoe Bird, 101.

modesta, Aidemosyne, 106.

, Egretta alba, 154.

, Royigerygone, 110.
modestus, Cabalus, 57.

, Ramsayornis, 103.
Mohoua ochrocephala, 63.
mollis, Pterodroma, 67.
Mollymawk, Black-browed, 52, 68.
, Bounty Island, 52, 68.
——, Flat-billed, 52, 68.
——, Snares Island, 52.

, Yellow-nosed, 52, 68.
molucea, Threskiornis, 82.
moluccanus, Amaurornis, 76.

, Trichoglossus, 87, 116, 167.
Monarcha melanopsis, 94.
mongolus, Cirrepidesmus, 74.
Monk, 85.

montana, Gypoictinia, 167.

. Hamirostra, 167, 184.
montanus, Turdus, 132.
Monticola saxatilis, 164.
monticola, Petroica, 148.
Moorhen, Black, 76.

, Rufous-tailed, 76.

Moos Kolbe, 133.

Morepork, 60.

Morganornis ruficeps, 96.
superciliosus, 96.
morinellus, Cinclus, 181.
Moris, 113.

Morphnus, 185.

INDEX.

219

mortierii, Tribonyx, 76.
Morus, 113. ?

moseleyi, Eudyptes cristatus, 147.
Motacilla alba yarrellia, 132.
—— yarrelli, 140.
altera, 132.

cceelebs, 131, 133.
cyanura, 160.
dumetorum, 133.
fimbriata, 137, 143.
fusea, 132.

lugubris, 132, 140, 143.
media, 132.

minor, 132.

nigricans, 132.

palustris, 163.

tractrac, 144.

variegata, 132.

varigata, 132.
staperola, 132. -
mouki, Ethelornis, 92.
muelleri, Rallus, 57.
multicolor, Petroica, 91, 116.
—_—— ._ Prochilus, 193:
multistriata, Hemipalma, 181.
muralis, Ruficilla, 163.
Muscicapa fuliginosa, 144.
—— plumbea, 140.

——— Pulleys

sibirica fuliginosa, 144.
Muscitrea simplex, 93.

Mutton Bird, 51.

Mycteria australis, 194.
Myiomoira macrocephala, 62.
——— {Olvolneoes

Myola pacifica, 81.
Myristicivora bicolor, 79.
mystacalis, Eurostopus, 90.
Myzantha, 137.

flavigula, 105.

garrula, 169.
melanocephala, 105, 116, 145.
Myzomela erythrocephala, 102.
sanguineolenta, 102, 116.

san

WL

nevius, Caturatis, 162.

nevosa, Stictonetta, 80.

nana, Acanthiza, 97.

narethe, Northiella hematogaster, 168.
, Psephotus, 168.

Nasiterna, 189.

Native-Companion, 75.

Hen, 76.

| Nauclerus, 186.
| nebui, Columba, 149.
nebularia, Tringa, 123.

bo

nebularius, Glottis, 55, 7

220

neglecta, Pterodroma, 51, 109.
Neochmia albiventer, 107.
pheton, 107.

——- picumna, 101].
Neonanodes chrysogaster, 84.
- chrysostomus, 84.

—— elegans, 84.

—— petrophilus, 84.
Neonectris griseus, 51, 67.
—— tenuirostris, 51, 67.
Neophema pulchella, 84, 116.
splendida, 84.
Neophron, 185.

Neopoéphila personata, 107.
Neopsephotus bourki, 85.
Neosericornis lathami, 97.
Neositta chrysoptera, 101.
leucocephala, 101.

—- pileata, 101.

Neosittella striata, 101.
Neospilura, 128.

Neostrepera versicolor, 100.
neoxena, Hirundo, 91.

nereis, Garrodia, 50.

, sternula, 54, 70.
Nesierax novehollandie, 60.
pottsi, 60.

Nesoceryx bicinctus, 74.
Nesolimnas dieffenbachi, 57.
Nesomalurus leucopterus, 98.
Nesomiro dannefordi, 62.
traversi, 62.

Nesonetta, 193.

—— aucklandica, 59.
Nesopardalotus quadragintus, 102.
Nesoptilotis flavicollis, 104.

- leucotis, 104, 116.
Nesoscolopax, 124, 128, 129.
Nesozosterops albogularis, 110.
—-—— strenua, 109.
Nezozosterops tenuirostris, 110.
Nestor, 189.

——- meridionalis, 61.

== roymevonibisy, ll.
productus, 110.
Nettapus, 192.

Neuntodter, 133.
newtoniana, Prionodura, 107.
niger, Hematopus, ill.

, Psittacus, 167, 174.
———-, Purnellornis, 105.
Nightjar, Large-tailed, 90.
== Owleunso, sue

——-~, Spotted, 90.

——, White-throated, 90.
nigra, Cissomela, 102.

——-, Querquedula, 162,

THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.

nigra, Rhynchops, 181.

——., Scolopax, 112.
nigrescens, Mirafra javanica, 137.
nigricans, Hylochelidon, 62, 91.
, Motacilla, 132.
nigrogularis, Cracticus, 100.
, Psophodes, 96.
nilotica, Gelochelidon, 70.
Noddy, 54, 70.

——- Lesser, 70.

—— Little Grey, 54, 109, 110.
—-— White-capped, 54, 70.
norfolciensis, Leucomelcena, 78.
Northiella hematogaster, 85, 168.
Snare vacwlosr
—— hematorrhous, 158.
-_— pallescens, 168.
Northipsitta alexandra, 86.
notabilis, Nestor, 61.
notatus, Elanus, 82.
Notiomystis cincta, 63.
Notofaleo subniger, 82.
Notophoyx novehollandiz, 59, 81.
noveguinee, Dacelo, 89, 112.
novehollandie, Australasia, 167.
—-—, Anhinga, 53, 69.
——. Bruchigavia, 54, 71, 135.
———. Cereopsis, 79.
—-—., Dromiceius, 66, 117.
——, Graucalus, 94.

=) arus 4 oe
—_—-, Leucospiza, 83.
et , Lobibyx, 57, 74.
——, Meliornis, 105.

——, Menura, 90.
——, Nesierax, 60.

-_—, Notophoyx, 59, 81.
—-—, Recurvirostra, 56, 73.
——, Scythrops, 88.
——, Tyto, 84.

—— edwardi, Menura, 168.
gunni, Dromaius, 175.
noveseelandize, Anthus, 150.
——, Austranthus, 64.

=e , Finsehia, 63.
—-—, Fuligula, 59. :
a , Hemiphaga, 58, 110.
———-, Prosthemadera, 63.
——, Spiloglaux, 60, 83.

—-—, Thinornis, 56.
novezealandiz, Coturnix, 58.
—~-, Cyanorhamphus, 109, 110.
—_—, Himantopus, 56.
—-— var. 8., Alauda, 150.
novezelandie, Cyanorhamphus, 60.
nuchalis, Rogersornis, 107.
nucifraga, Caryocatactes, 162,

Numeniine, 125, 128.
Numenius, 124, 125, 129.
—— cyanopus, 56, 73.
Nussheher, 133.

Nuthatch, Red-bellied, 180.
Nyctale, 186.

Nyctea, 186.

nyctea, Strix, 194.
Nycticorax caledonicus, 59, 81.
Nymphicus, 188.

Nyroca, 192.

—— australis, 59, 80.

—— nyroca, 153.

rufa, 136, 153.
nyroca, Anas, 136.

obseura, Anas, 153.

——, Melomyza, 102.
obscurus, Pluviorhynchus, 56.
occidentalis, Geopsittacus, 84.
occipitalis, Chlamydodera, 9.
oceanicus, Oceanites, 50, 66.
Oceanites oceanicus, 50, 66.
ocellata, Leipoa, 77.
ocellatus, Micropodargus, 88.
ochrocephala, Mohoua, 63.
ochropus, Tringa, 123.
Octocris alpestris, 181.
Octogometra, 113.
Octygometra, 113.

oculatus, Zoneginthus, L106.
Ocyphaps lophotes, 79.

Gina, 191.

(&inanthe cinerea, 144.

—-— deserti, 159.

———— —— ailloparoras,, 116%),
—— —— atrogularis, 160.
——— —— qdeserti, 159.
Oidemia, 192.

olivacea, Gerygone, 92.
olivaceus, Anthophagus, 174.
——, Psophodes, 95.
= himixos) Oe.
oliveri, Pterodroma, 51.
oliviu, Austroturnix, 77.

Olor, 113.

Onychoprion fuscatus, 54, 70.

* Ophryzone kaupi, 94.

Opopsitta coxeni, 87.

——- leadbeateri, 87.
optatus, Cuculus, 61, 87.
Oreocinela, 144.

—_.— horsfieldi, 145.

—— lunulata, 96.

Oreoica gutturalis, 100, 112.
Oreoscopus gutturalis, 98.
orientalis, Chlamydodera, 9.

INDEX. 22)

orientalis, Hudynamis, 88.

, Hurystcmus, 61, 89, 117.
——., Merula torquata, 144.
——., Microphilemon, 105.
——, Turdus, 144.

——, —— torquatus, 144.
Origmella solitaria, 97.
Oriole, 107. /

—— Golden, 180.

—-— Yellow, 107.

Oriolus galbula, 180.

—— regens, 137, 142.
ornata, Sacramela, 104.
ornatus, Cosmaerops, 89, 117.
——-, Merops, 118.

Orthonyx maculatus, 95.
Orthorhamphus magnirostris, 71.
Ortygometra, 113.

Ortyx, Virginian, 179.

Ortyx virginiana, 179.
osculans, Owenavis, 88.
Osprey, 83.

ostralegus, Hematopus, 56, 74. .
Otocoris, 188.

Otogyps, 185.

—— auricularis, 180.

Otus, 186.

-_— vulgaris, 180.

Owenavis osculans, 88.
owen, Apteryx, 58.

Owl, Barn, 84, 180.

, Boobcook, 83.

——, Grass, 84.

——, Hawke» 1/80)

——., Laughing, 60.

——, Long-eared, 180.

, Masked, 84.

——, Powerful 84.

——, Rufous, 83.

——, Snowy, 194.

——, Sooty, 84,

——, Virginian Horned, 180.
——, Winking, 83.
Oxylophus, 190.
Oystercatcher, 56, 74.

=———, Blackwoon 74, Illy 12:
=-—-, Pied:

Pachycephala melanura, 93.
~ pectoralis, 93.

robusta, 93.
—---— xanthoprocta, 110.
Pachyptila, 166.
—— forsteri, 166.

— vittata, 52, 68, 116.

pachyrhynchus, Eudyptes, 50, 66, 146.
pacifica, Certhia, 174.

222

pacifica, Globicera, 79.

, Myola, 81.

——-, Thyellodroma, 51, 67. ~
pacificus, Hurystomus, 136, 151.
, Gabianus, 71.

——, Micropus, 62, 90.

Pagoa leschenaulti, 74.
Paleornis, 188.

Pallenia caudacuta, 138.
pallescens, Northieila, 168.
pallida, Acanthiza, 137.
pallidus, Heteroscenes, 87.
palpebrata, Pheebetria, 52.
palpebrosa, Pseudogerygone, 92.
palustris, Acrocephalus, 163.
SS Mprizay Lol-slhoos

-, Faleo, 133.

—-—, Motacilla, 163.

——, Sylvia, 163.

Pandion, 185.

—— haliatos var. australis, 136.
—_—-- haliaetus, 83, 136.
leucocephalus, 136.
papua, Pygoscelis, 50.
papuensis, Megapodargus, 88.
Paradisea imperialis, 137, 142.
paradisea, Ptiloris, 108.

SS ViduaalsO%

paradoxus, Corvus, 169, 170.
——, Creadion, 169.

—- —, Dyottornis, 105.

—— paradoxus, Creadion, 169.
——- westernensis, Creadion, 169.
Paragraucalus lineatus, 94.
Paraptilotis chrysops, 103.

- fusca, 103.

Parascolopax, 128.
parasiticus,-Lestris, 166.

, Stercorarius, 55, 71.
Parasula dactylatra, 53, 69.
Pardalote, Black-headed, 102.

, Forty-spotted, 102.

——, Red-browed, 102.

——, Spotted, 102.

, Yellow-tipped, 102.

Pardalotinus melanocephalus, 102.

rubricatus, 102.

—— striatus, 102.

Pardalotus punctatus, 102, 116.
Parephthianura tricolor, 96.
parkinsoni, Procellaria, 51, 67.
Parrakeet, Antipodes Island, 61.
. Green, 109, 110.

——, Orange-fronted, 61.

———, Red-fronted, 60.

——, Turcosine, 117.

——, Yellow-fronted, 61.

THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.

Parrot, Beautiful, 85.
——-, Black-hooded, 85.

| ——, Blue-bellied, 121.

———, Blue-cheeked, 85.
——, Blue-vented, 85.
———, Blue-winged, 84.
——, Carolina, 179.

——, Crimson, 85.

——., Crimson-fronted, 117.

| ———, Golden-shouldered, 85.

——,’Grass, 84.
—, Green, 85.
——, King, 85.
-~—_—, Mallee, 85.
——, Orange-bellied, 84.
——, Pink-cheeked, 86.
-, Red-backed, 85.
, Red-capped, 85.
, Red-cheeked, 86.
, Red-shouldered Grass, 84.
, Red-sided, 86.
—-—-, Red-winged, 86.
, Rock, 84.

, Searlet-chested Grass, 84.

, Smutty, 85.

, Spinitex, 84.

, Swift, 84.
SS Variedissor
——, Yellow, 85.
—-—, Yellow-cheeked, 85.
Parus atricapilla, 132.
atricapillus, 180.
—— longicaudatus, 133.
-—— sylvestris ater, 133.
parvirostris, Chaleites, 148.
parvula, Conigravea, 99.
parvus, Rallus, 135.
Passerella, 187.
patagonica, Aptenodytes, 50, 66.
Pavoncella, 129.
Pealea lineata, 50.
Pebbler, Rock, 86.
pectoralis, Aphelocephala, 100.
——, Cissomela, 102.
——, Coturnix, 77.
——~—, Heteromunia, 196.
—-—, Lorius, 86.

| ——, Pachycephala, 93.

——-, Rallus, 75:

——, Xerophila, 9.
Pedionomus torquatus, 78.
Pelagodroma marina, 50, 66.
Pelecanoides urinatrix, 52, 68.
Pelican, Australian, 53, 69.
Pelidna, 125, 126, 129.

_ pella, Trochilus, 193.

Peltohyas australis, 75.

Penecenanthe leucura, 93.
Penguin, Big-crested, 50, 66.
, Fairy, 66.

——, Little Blue, 49.

——., King, 50, 66.

——, Macaroni, 50, 66, 111.
, Silver, 49.

—, Tufted, 50, 66.

——, Yellow-crested, 111.
——, Yeilow-crowned, 50.
——-, Victoria, 50.

Penguins, Thick-billed, 49.

. Thin-billed, 50.
penicillata, Ptilotula, 104.
pennatus, Hieraaétus, 83.
pennsylvanicus, Buteo, 179.
peregrinus, Rhynchodon, 82.
Perisoreus, 187.

Pernis, 186.

peroni, Peronista, 66, 166.
Peronista diemenianus, 175, 166.
peroni, 66, 166.
persica, Calandrella rufescens, 159.
personata, Neopoéphila, 107.
personatus, Campbellornis, 99.
perthi, Hypoleucus, 69, 111.
petersi, Podica, 175.

Petrel, Antarctic, 51.

——, Black, 51, 67.

———, Blue, 51, 68, 165.
——, Brown, 51, 67, 111.
——, Brown-headed, 67; 108.
——, Diving, 52, 68.

——, Giant, 52, 68.

, Grey-faced, 51, 67.

, Kermadec, 51, 109.

, Mottled, 51, 67.

, Silver-Grey, 51, 67.

, Small-billed, 51.

——., Soft-plumaged, 67.
——, Spotted, 51, 67.

——, Sunday Island, 51.
——, White-headed, 5i, 67.
——, White-winged, 51, 67.
——, White-chinned, 51.
Petrella capensis, 51, 67.
Petroica monticola, 148.
—multicolor, 91, 116.
Petrophassa albipennis, 78.
—— -rufipennis, 78.
petrophilus, Neonanodes, 84.
Pezoporus, 188.

—— wallicus, 84.

Phena, 142.

Pheopus, 124, 129.
phaeton, Neochmia, 107.
Phalacrocorax carbo, 53, 69.

INDEX.

Phalarope, Grey, 56.
Phalaropus fulicarius, 56.

| Phaps chalcoptera, 78.

| phasianella, Macropygia, 78.
| phasianinus, Polophilus, 88.
| Phegornis, 129.

| Philanthus, 137, 145.

_ Philemon argenticeps, 105.

yorki, 105.
philippensis, Hypoteznidea, 57, 75.
, Tomirdus, 75.

| Phillanthe creadion, 168, 169.

dilophus, 169.
anthoecera, 169.

phillipsi, Anthus, 151.
Philohela, 125, 128, 129.
Philomachus, 125, 129.
Pheebetria fusea, 52, 68.
palpebrata, 52.
Phoenicophaus, 190.
Pheenicopterus, 192.

—— mayor, 154.

—-—— ruber, 181.

antiquorum, 154.
pheenicurus, Sylvia, 163.
Phoeopus phoeopus, 55, 73.
Phonygama, 187.
Phonygammus keraudreni, 108.
phrygia, Zanthomiza, 103.
Phylidonyris pyrrhoptera, 105.

Pica glandaria minor, 133.

sanblasiana, 149.
picata, Gracula, 118.
Picoides, 189.

| picta, Emblema, 106.

—, Grantiella, 103.
picumna, Neoclima, 101.
Picumnus, 189.

Picus, 189.

auralentus, 140.
—— braziliensis, 193.
—— coronatus, 140.
erythrocephalus, 181.

| ——— major, 193.

—— minimus, 193.
—— pileatus, 193.
—— principalis, 193.
Pie a pendeloques, 170.
Piezorhynchus alecto, 94.
Pigeon, 58, 110.
, Bandtailed, 181.
—, Black-banded Truit, 79.

| —--, Chatham Islands, 58.
78

, Chestnut-quilled,
-- Crested, 79.

, Flock, 78.

, Grey-heacled, 79.

224 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.

Pigeon, Naked-eyed, Partridge, 78.

——, Nutmeg, 79.

——., Partridge, 78.

—---, Pheasant, 78.

——, Plumed, 78.

——, Purple-breasted Fruit, 79.
——, Purple-crowned lruit, 79.
———, Red-cered, 79.

——., Red-plumed, 79.

——, Top-knot, 79.

——, White-headed, 78.

—-—, White-quilled Rock, 78.
, White-throated, 109.
Pileata, 183, 184.

pileata, Neositta, 101.
pileatus, Picus, 193.

Pilot Bird, 95.

pinetorum, Ficedula, 162.
Pipils, 187.

Pipit, 105.

pipixean, Larus, 156.

Piraya, 190.

Pisobia, 125, 129.

—-— ruficollis, 55
—— subminuta,
Piseatrix sula, 69.

Pitta, Blue-breasted, 90.

—--, Noisy, 90.

——, Rainbow, 91.

Pitylus, 187.

placens, Sternula, 10.

placida, Geopelia, 78.

plagosus, Lamprococcyx, 88.
Plain-Wanderer, 78.
Planesticus fuliginosus, 110.
—— xanthopus, 109.

Platalea, 191.

—— ajaya, 179.

—-— melanorhynchos, 135, 152.
Platibis flavipes, 82.
Platycercus, 188.

——- adscitus, 85.

—— ealedonicus, 85.

—— elegans, 85, 116.

——— eximius, 85, 116.

——-- flaveolus, 85.

-—— icterotis, 85.

— venustus, 85.
Platyrhamphus, 129.
Platyrhynchus falcinellus, 71.
Plectorhamphus lanceolatus, 102.
Plectrophanes, 188.

—-- lapponicus, 179.
Plectropterus, 192.

Plegadis falcinellus, 60, 81.
Plotus anchinga, 180.

Plover, Black-breasted, 74.

5
2h

Plover, Grey, 74.

——, Lesser Golden, 56, 74.
——., Lesser Masked, 74.
——., Shore, 56.

——, Spur-winged, 51, 74.
——-, Wry-billed, 56.
plumbea, Hydrochelidon, 181.
——., Muscicapa, 140.

, Porzanoidea, 57, 76.
plumifera, Lophophaps, 78.
plumiferus, Micropodargus, 88.
plumula, Sacramela, 104.
Pluvialis, 112.

—— dominicus, 56, 74.
Pluviorhynchus obscurus, 56.
Podargus strigoides, 88.
Podcica africanus, 175.
Podiceps, 193.

—— cristatus, 58, 76.
Podilymbus, 193.

Peecilodryas cerviniventris, 92.
—— albifacies, 9.
superciliosa, 92.
peecilonotus, Buteo, 147.
Poéphila acuticauda, 106.
gouldiew, 106.
poiciloptilus, Botaurus, 59, 81.
polatzeki, Calandrella rufescens, 159.
Poliocephalus rufopectus, 58.
poliocephalus, Tachybaptus, 76.
Poliolimnas cinereus, 76.
Polornis, 186.

Polophilus phasianinus, 88.
Polyboroides, 186.

Polyborus, 185.

Polytelis anthopeplus, 86.
—— swainsonil, 86.
pomarinus, Coprotheres, 71.
Pomatostomus temporalis, 96.
Pontoactus, 185.

—— leucogaster, 136, 147.
macei, 167.

Poodytes gramineus, 96.

—— —— milligani, 137.
Porphyrio albus, 109.

—_—— hbellus, 76.

martinica, 180.

—— melanotus, 76.
porphyrocephala, Glossopsitta, 87.
Porzana fluminea, 76.
Porzanoidea plumbea, 57, 76.
pottsi, Nesierax, 60.
pratensis, Anthus, 169.
Pratineole, Australian, 57, 75.
——., Oriental, 75.

prineipalis, Picus, 193.
Priocella antaretica, 51, 67.

Priofinus zquinoctialis, 111.
—— arctica, 11].

---— cinerea, 111.

Prion, 165, 166.
Broad-billed, 52, 68.
—— Dove, 52, 68.

---— Fairy, 52, 68.

~.—— Thin-billed, 51, 68.
Prioniturus, 188.
Prionodura newtoniana, 107.
prionurus, Cuculus, 138, 141.
Probosciger aterrimus, 87.
Procellaria, 111.
equinoctialis, 51.

—-— ceerulea, 165.

—— parkinsoni, 51, 67.
—— vittata, 166.
Procelsterna albivitta, 149.
cerulea, 54, 109, 110.
albivitta, 135.
productus, Nestor, 110.
Promergus australis, 59.
Prosbosciger, 142.
Proseisura lorealis, 94.
Prosobonia, 129.
Prosthemadera noveseelandix, 63.
Psephotellus chrysopterygius, 85.
—— dissimilis, 85.

— -pulcherrimus, 85.
Psephotus hzematonotus, 85.
narethe, 168.

—-— varius, 85.

Pseudaetus bonelli, 167.
Pseudastur, 147.
Pseudogerygone palpebrosa, 92.
Pseudoglottis, 129.
Pseudoprion turtur, 52, 68.
Pseudoscolopax, 124.
Pseudototanus, 129.
Psilopogon, 189.
Psilorhinus, 187.

Psittacula, 189.

Psittacus, 189.

——— aterrimus, 142.

—— bathurstii, 142.

——- cookii, 167, 174.

——-— discolor, 168.

——— fimbriatus, 122.

——- hematotus daviesianus, 122.
—— niger, 167, 174.

—— pulchellus, 117.
Psitteuteles versicolor, 87.
Psophodes nigrogularis, 96.
—~— olivaceus, 95.
Pterocles, 191.
Pterocryanea, 192.
Pterodroma, 112.

INDEX. 2

bo
Ou

Pterodroma externa, 51.
inexpectata, 51, 67.

—— macroptera, 51, 67.
melanopus, 67, 108.
mollis, 67.

= neglecta, 51, 109.
oliveri, 51.

Vueroglossus, 188

Pteropodocys maxima, 94,

Pteropus, 172.

africanus, 174, 175.

—— surinamensis, 174.

Ptilonopus, 190.

regina, 79.

—-— superba, 79.

Ptilonorhynchus violaceus, 107.

Ptiloris paradisea, 108.

Ptilotina analoga, 103.

Ptilotis flavostriata, 10.

—— frenata, 10.

Ptiiotula flaveseens, 104.

—— penicillata, 104.

Ptistes erythropterus, 168,

Puffinus assimilis, 50, 67.

pugnax, Machetes, 123.

pulchella, Neophema, 84, 116.

pulchellus, Cheniscus, 79.

, Psittaecus, 117.

pulcherrimus, Leggeornis, 98.

, Psephotellus, 85.

Pulchripitta iris, 91.

pumila, Fringilla, 152.

punctata, Bowdleria, 63.

punctatum, Cinclosoma, 95.

punctatus, Pardalotus, 102, 116.

, stictocarbo, 53.

puniceus, Turdus, 26.

Purnella albifrons, 103.

Purnellornis niger, 105.

Purpureicephalus spurius, 85.

purpureus, Quiscalus, 181.

pusilla, Acanthiza, 97.

, Aleedo, 194.

= Ceruhiaelts2.

——, Emberiza, 160.

, Glossopsitta, 87.

-——-, Micralcyone, 89.

-——, Zapornia, 57, 76.

pusillus, Ereunetes, 123.

Pyecnoptilus floecosus, 95.

pygmieus, Kurynorhynchus, 123.

Pygoscelis papua, 50.

Pyranga rubra, 181.

Pyrenestes, 187.

Pyrrholemus brunneus, 97.

pyrrhophanus, Cacomantis, 87.

pyrrhoptera, Phylidonyris, 105,

226 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.

pyrrhopygia, Hylacola, 95.
pyrrhopygius, Cyanalcyon, 89.
pyrrhothorax, Alphaturnia, 77.
Pyrrhula, 188.

——- cocinea, 162.

—— europea, 162.
Pyrrhulauda, 188.
pyrrhuloides, Schceniclus, 131.

quadragintus, Nesopardalotus, 102.

Quail, 58.

, Allied, 77.

——, Black-backed, 77.
———., Black-breasted, 77.
——, Brown, 77.

———., Chestnut-backed, 77.
ee awl: 160)

—-—, King, 77.

——., Little, 77.

—_—, Painted, 77.

———, Red-chested, 77.
——~ Stubble, W7.
Quarrion, 86.
Querquedula, 192.

fusea, 162. -

—— nigra, 162.

—— querquedula, 80.
Quiscalus purpureus, 181.
quoyi, Melloria, 100.
Quoyornis georgianus, 93.

radiatus, Erythrotriorchis, 83,
Radjah radjah, 80.

Raheinta clamosa, 91.

rail, Leucospiza, 83.

Rail, Auckland Islands, 57.

, Buff-banded, 57, 75.
——, Chatham Islands, 57.
——, Chestnut-bellied, 76.
———— landseio.

——, Little Chatham Islands, 57.

= Marsh n5i.

——, Slate-breasted, 75.

, Swamp, 57.

Rallina, 151, 152.

fasciata, 152.

Rallus muelleri, 57.

—— parvus, 135.

—— pectoralis, 75.
Ramphopis, 187.
Ramsayornis fasciatus, 103.
modestus, 103.
Raperia godmane, 109.
Raven, 108.

Recurvirostra americana, 181.
novehollandixwe, 56, 73.
Red-throat, 97.

Reef-Heron, White, 81.
Reed-Warbler, 96.
regens, Oriolus, 137, 142.

| Regent Bird, 107.

regia, Spatherodia, 60, 82.
regina, Ptilinopus, 79.
reguloides, Geobasileus, 97.
Regulus americanus, 179.
eristaurea, 162.

—— vulgaris, 162.
Reinholdia reinholdi, 50, 67.
reinwardt, Megapodius, 77, 166.
Rhabdoglaux rufa, 83.
Rhamphastos, 188.
Rhinortha, 190.

Rhipidura dryas, 9.
flabellifera, 63, 938.
fuliginosa, 63.
Rhyacophilus, 125, 129.
glareola, 72, 128.
Rhynchea, 125.

| Rhynchoceros, 142, 143.

Rhynchodon peregrinus, 82.
Rhynchoplatus, 142, 143.

- clypeata, 135.
Rhynchops nigra, 181].
rhynchotis, Spatula, 59, 80.
richmondi, Wilsonavis, 92.
Rifle- Bird, 108.

Cape York, 108.
Rifleman, 62.

Riparia europea, 162.
riparia, Hirundo, 162.
Robin, 62.

, Ashy-fronted Fly, 92.
——, Black, 62.

——., Buff-sided, 92.

——, Dusky, 92.

—~, Flame-breasted, 91.

| ———, Grey-breasted Shrike, 93.

— ., Hooded, 92.
—.-, Large-headed, 93.
———, Mangrove, 93.

| ——-, Pink-breasted, 91.
| ——~, Red-capped, 91.

———., Rose-breasted, 92.

——, Seruh, 95.

—-, Snares Island, Black, 62.
——, White-breasted Shrike, 93.
——, White-browed, 92.

—-, White-throated Fly, 93.
—--—, Yellow-breasted, 93.

—-—, Yeilow-breasted Shrike, 93.
robusta, bachycephala, 93.

| robustirostris, Milligania, 97.
| robustus, Graucalus, 63, 94, 116.

Rock-Hopper, 50.

INDEX.

Rock-Warbler
rodinogaster, Erythrodryas, 91.
rogersi, Butorides, 8.
Rogersornis nuchalis, 107.
Rohrammerling, 133.
Rohrhinne, Bunte, 134.
Rohrwethe, 133.
Roller, 61, 89.
rosea, Belchera, 92.
, Carpodacus, 164.
roseicapillus, Holophus, 86.
Rosella, 85.

Adelaide, 85.
Rosina coronata, 98.
Rossornis macrurus, 90.
Rostfarbige Wasserhuhn, 134.
Rostratula, 124, 129.
australis, 71.
Rostratulins, 124, 129.
Rostrhaimus, 186.
royanus, Fregettornis, 108.
Royigerygone insularis, LOY.
modesta, 110.
rubecula, Mastersornis, 94.
ruber, Phcenicopterus, 181.

rubicunda, Mathewsena, 75.
rubida, Erismatura, 181.
rubiginosa, Fulica, 134.

rubra, Pyranga, 181.

rubricatus, Cacomantis, 87.

, Pardalotinus, 102.
rubricauda, Sczeeophaéthon, 54, 70.
rubricera, Globicera, 79.
rubritorquis, Trichoglossus, 87.
rufa, Anas, 136, 153.

———, Hirundo, 180.

——, Nyroca, 136, 153.

——, Rhabdoglaux, 83.

——, Whitlocka, 101.

rufescens, Alauda, 159.

——, Atrichornis, 91.

——, Bowdleria, 63.

——, Calandrella minor, 159.

=; rufescens, 159.

——— betica, Calandrella, 159.
—— cheleensis, Calandrella, 159.
——— heinei, Calandrella, 159.
——— kukuroorensis, Calandrella, 159.
—— leucophea, Calandrella, 159.
—— minor, Calandrella, 159.
—— persica, Calandrella, 159.
—— polatzeki, Calandrella, 159.
-—— rufescens, Calandrella, 159.
seebohmi, Calandrella, 159.
—., Cracticus, 9.

Ruff, 123.

antiquorum, Phcenicopterus, 154.

i)

~I

| ruficapillus, Leucopolius, 56, 74.

ruficauda, Bathilda, 106.
ruficeps, Morganornis, 96.
Ruficilla muralis, 163.
ruficollis, Mastersornis, 94.
——, Pisohbia, 55, 72.

| ——, Tachybaptus, 76.

, Turdus, 160.

rufifrons, Howeavis, 93.
rufipennis, Petrophassa, 78.
rufiventris, Colluricincla, 99.
——, Lewinornis, 93.
rufogularis, Acanthagenys, 105.
, Conopophaga, 103.

, Gilbertornis, 93.

_ rufopectus, Poliocephalus, 58.

russatus, Lamprococcyx, 88.

rustica, Emberiza, 160.

, Hirundo, 91.

| rusticola, Scolopax, 173.

Rusticolinew, 125.

ruticilla, Setophaga, 179.
rutila, Anas, 153.

, Muscicapa, 132.
rutilus, Lanius minor, 133.
Ryania melanocephala, 98,

Sacramela keartlandi, 104.

ornata, 104.
plumula, 104.
Saddle Back, 64.
sagittata, Chthonicola, 97.
, Mimeta, 107.

| Salicaria arundinacea, 162.

locustella, 162.
salicum, Ficedula, 162.
Saltator, 187.

salvadorii, Sphecotheres, 95.
Samuela alisteri, 95.

—— cinnamomea, 95.
sanblasiana, Pica, 149.
sancta, Sauropatis, 89.
sanctus, Sauropatis, 61.
Sanderling, 72.
Sandpiper, Broad-billed, 71.
, Common, 72.

——, Curlew, 55.

——., Grey, 55, 72.

| ——, Grey-rumped, 72.
——, Hudsonian, 181.
| ——, Long-tailed, 72.

——., Terek, 72.

, Wood, 72.

sanguineolenta, Myzomela, 102 116
sanguinicollis, Corvus, 140.
sanguineus, Ducorpsius, 86.
Sarcoramphus, 185.

228 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.

Sarkidiornis, 192.

Sasia, 189.

saturata, Scolopax, 128.
Sauropatis chloris, 89.

—-— sancta, 89.

—-—— sanctus, 61.

Saurothera, 190.

saxatilis, Linaria, 133.

——-, Monticola, 164.

Saxicola albifrons, 160.
jardini, 136.
Sceophaéthon rubricauda, 54, 70.
scandens, Cactornis, 149.
scapularis, Alisterus, 85, 116, 139.
Scaup, 59.

Sceloglaux albifacies, 60.
Scenopoéetes dentirostris, 107.
Scenopceus dentirostris, 9.
schlegh, Eucyptes, 50, 66, 111.
Scheeniclus pyrrhuloides, 131.
schoeniclus, 131.
Schwanzmaise, 133.

selateri, Eudyptes, 50.
Scolopacide, 128, 129.
Scolopacinee, 124, 125, 128, 129.
Scolopax, 125, 128, 129.
celestis, 130, 131, 132, 133.
—— media, 132.

= iembanvenrsy, 13}.

—— minor, 181.

—— nigra, 112.

—— rusticola, 173.

——- saturata, 128.

—— solitaria, 128.

—— undulata, 129.

seripta, Geophaps, 78.
scriptus, Elanus, 82.

Serub Bird, Noisy, 91.

, Rufous, 91.

Serub Fowl, 77.

Serub Robin, 95.

—— ——, Northern, 95.
Serub Tit, 98.

Scrub Wren, 97.

——, Brown, 98.

—_ —-—.,, Collared, 98.

—— ——, Large-billed, 97.
——— ——__, Northern, 97.

—— ——, Spotted, 97.

—.— ——, Yellow-throated, 97.
Scythrops, 190.

—-— novehollandiz, 88.

Sea Eagle, White-heacled, 179.

seebohmi, Calandrella rufescens, 159.

Seisura inquieta, 94.
semipalmata, Anseranas, 79, 166.
senegalensis, Heliornis, 175.

Sericornis frontalis, 97.
maculatus, 97.
——- magnirostris, 97.
——— minimus, 9.

—-— tyrannulus, 97.

_——- chrysocephalus, 107, 137, 142.

Serpentarius, 186.

serrator, Sulita, 54, 69.

serresianus, Kudyptes, 5, 66, 111, 137,
146.

— eristatus 147.

Setophaga ruticilla, 179.

setosa, Setosura, 94.

Setosura setosa, 94.

Shag, Black, 53, 69,

—-—., Brenze, 53.

--—, Campbell Island, 53.

——., Chatham istands, 53.

——.-, Little Black, 53, 69.

——— Pied, 53:

——, Rough-taced, 53.

——, Spotted, 53.

——-, White-throated, 53.

Shearwater, Allied, 50, 67.

——, Ashy-backed, 50.

-——, Brown-kacked, 50, 67.

——, Fleshy-footed, 51, 67.

——-, Short-tailed, 51, 67.

, Sombre, 47.

—— , Sooty, 51, 67.

—-—, Wedge-tailed, 51, 67.

Sheld-Drake, White-headed, 80.

Shore Lark, 181.

Shoveler, 59, 80.

Shrike, Frontal, 117.

——, Great Northern, 180.

Shrike Thrush, 99.

, Brown, 99.

——- ——, Buff-bellied, 99.

——__. ——., Little, 99.

——-. ———, Red-bellied 99.

——— ——, Rufous-breasted, 99.

a —, Stripe-breasted, 99.

Shrike Tit, 100.

—— —~—, Yellow-bellied, 10.

Siala wilsonii, 180.

—-, Wilson’s, 180,

sibirieca, Alauda, 158.

——, Melanocorypha, 158.

——, Tanavra, 158.

—-— fuliginosa, Muscicapa, 144.

sibiricus, Turdus, 160.

Silver Eye, 63.

Grey-breasted, 109.

simplex, Muscitrea, 93.

Sitta affinis, 158.

eresia affinis, 158.

Sitta exsia britannica, 158.
—— varia, 180.

Sittella albata, 10.
Skimmer, Black, 181.
Skua, Antarctic, 71.

, Aretic, 55, 71.
——, Great, 55.

——, Pomarine, 71.
——, South Polar, 55.
Smicrornis brevirostris, 92.
smithi, Geophaps, 78.
Smoker, 85.

Snipe, 173.

ee AIStralianee oanile
——, Common, 130, 173.
——, Great, 173.

——— Jeol, 173}.

——, Jadreka, 173.
——., Painted, 71.

——— jPihinenewillel, ‘7/1L-

, Spotted, 173.

soderbergi, Mirafra javanica, 137.

solitaria, Origmella, 97.

, Scolopax, 128.

, Tringa, 123.
Somateria, 192.

Song Lark, Brown, 96.

, Rufous, 96.

spaldingi, Macrorthonyx, 95.
Sparrow Hawk, Collared, 83.
, Coopers, 179.
Spatherodia regia, 60, 82.
Spatula, 192.

clypeata, 135.
rhynchotis, 59, 80.
speculifer, Tanagra, 141.
Spermophila, 188.
Spermospiza, 187.
Sphecotheres flaviventris, 95.
salvadoru, 95.

vieilloti, 95.
Sphenorhynchus, 141.
Sphenorynchus abdimii, 141.
Sphenostoma cristatum, 100.
Sphenura brachyptera, 98, 116.
sphenurus, Haliastur, 83.

Spiloglaux noveeseelandiw, 60, 83.

Spinebill, 103.
White-browed, 103.
spinicollis, Carphibis, 81.
spinosus, Hoplopterus, 151.
Spizaétus, 185.

splendens, Malurus, 98.
splendida, Neophema, 84.
spodocephala, Emberiza, 160.
Spoonbill, Black-billed, 82.

, Roseate, 179.

INDEX.

Spoonbill, Royal, 60.

, Yellow-billed, 82.
spurius, Purpureicephalus, 85.
Squatarola squatarola, 74.
stagnatilis, [hornis, 72.

| ——, Tringa, 123:
| staperola, Motacilla, 132.

| |

Starling, 109, 310.

——, Shining, 107.
Steganopleura bichenovii, 106.
Steightz, 133.

Steinhanfling, 133.

stellaris, Ardea, 135, 162.
——, Butor, 162.

Stercorarius parasiticus, 55, 71.
Sterna, cinerea, 135, 149.
dougalli, 70.

gouldi, 135, 152.

striata, 54, 70.

vittata, 54.

wilsonii, 181.

| Sternula albifrons, 70.

placens, 10.
nereis, 54, 70.

| Stictocarbo featherstoni, 53.

punctatus, 53.
Stietonetta nevosa, 80.
Stictopeleia cuneata, 78.
Stigmatops indistineta, 103.
Stilt, 56) eno:

——, Banded, 73.

——, Black, 56.

, White-headed, 73.
Stiltia isabella, 57, 75.
Stint, Long-toed, 72.

——, Red-necked, 55, 72.

, Sharp-tailed, 55, 72.
Stipiturus malachurus, 98, 137, 143.

| Stitch-Bird, 63.

stitula, Strix, 132.

| Stolida cinerea, 135, 149, 150.

stolidus, Anous, 54, 70.
Stomioptera unicolor, 104.

| Stone Plover, 71.

, Long-billed, 71.
Storm-Petrel, Allied, 108.

, Black, 108.

———., Black-bellied, 50, 67.

, Grey-backed, 50.
——., Leach’s, 181.

——, Samoan, 50.

, Striped, 108.

——, White-bellied, 67, 108.
——, White-faced, 50, 66.

, Yellow-webbed, 50, 66.
Storm-Petrels, 50.

strenua, Nesozosterops, 109.

230 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.

strenuus, Berneyornis, 84.
Strepera, 187.

fuliginosa, 100.
graculina, 100.
melanoptera, 100.
Streptopelia, 164.

striata, Butorides, 81.

, Diaphorillas, 958.
——, Neosittella, 101.
——, Sterna, 54, 70.
striatus, Megalurus, 137.
——, Pardalotinus, 102.
stricklandi, Gallinago, 128.
stridula, Strix, 132.
strigoides, Podargus, 88.
Strigops, 189.

habroptilus, 60.
Strix, flammea, 180.

—— nyctea, 194.

= — stitula,, lo.

—— stridula, 132.
Strobilophaga, 188.

—— enucleator, 181.
Struthidea, 187.

cinerea, 108.
Stubble-Quail, 77.
Sturnella ludoviciana, 180.
Sturnus carunculatus, 169.
subarquatus, Ancylochilus, 123.
subeana, Fringilla, 132.
suberistatus, Lophastur, 82.
subfasciata, Glyciphila, 10.
subminuta, Pisobia, 72.
subniger, Notofalco, 82.
Subspilura megala, 71.
Sula, 113.

dactylatra, 112.
leucogaster, 53, 69.
sula, Piseatrix, 69.

Sulita serrator, 54, 69.
Sultana, Martinico, 180.
sumatrana, Gygisterna, 70.
sumatranus, Typhon, 80.
Sun-Bird, 102.

superba, Ptilinopus, 79.
superbus, Trochilus, 193.
superciliaris, Drymodes, 95.
——, Turdus, 140.
superciliosa, Anas, 59, 80.
, Climacteris, 101.
—— ., Peecilodryas, 92.

superciliosus, Acanthorhynchus, 108.

—-—, Campbellornis, 99.
—_—, Morganornis, 96.
surinamensis, Pteropus, 174.
Surnia, 186.

—— funerea, 180.

swainsonii, Polytelis, 86.

Swallow, 91.

, Australian Tree-, 62.

——, Barn, 180.

——, Black and White, 91.

——, Short-tailed, 91.

, Welcome, 91.

Swamp-Hawk, 83.

Swan, Bewick’s, 179.

, Black, 80.

Swift, Madeira, 179.

, Spine-tailed, 62, 90.

, White-rumped, 62, 90.

Swiftlet, Grey-rumped, 90.

, Uniform, 90.

sylvestris. Columba, 133.

, Lricholimnas, 109.

ater, Parus, 133.

Sylvia arundinacea, 162.

brunnea, 163.

—— flavescens, 162.
hippolais, 162, 163.

locustella, 162.

-—— palustris, 163.

—— pheenicurus, 163.

sylvicola, 162.

—— trochilus, 162.

sylvia, Uraleyon, 89.

sulvicola, Ficaria, 162.

, Ficedula, 162.

——, Sylvia, 162.

Syma torotora, 89.

Symphemia, 129.

Symposiachrus trivirgatus, 94.

Syrnium, 186.

Syrrhaptes, 191.

Tachybaptus poliocephalus, 74.
ruficollis, 76.
Tachyphonus, 187.
Tadorna, 192.

tadornoides, Casarea, 80.
Teniopygia castanotis, 106.
tahitina, Columba, 149.
taitensis, Kurukuru, 149.

, Urodynamis, 61, 110.
Takahe, 57.

Tanager, Red, 181.

Tanagra melanoxantha, 141.
sibirica, 158.
speculifera, 141.
tanagra, Turnagra, 63.
Tannenmaise, 133.

Tantalus loculator, 181.
Tanygnathus, 189.
Tasmanornis humilis, 98.
Tattler, Grey-rumped, 112.

INDEX. 231

Tattler, Wandering, 72.
Tavistocka guttata, 106, 116.
Teal, Garganey, 80.
, Green Goose, 79.
——, Green-headed, 59, 80.
——, Grey, 59, 80.
, White-quilled Goose, 79.
temporalis, Aigintha, 106, 116.
, Fringilla, 119.
——, Pomatostomus, 96.
tenebricosa, Megastrix, 84.
tenebrosa, Gallinula, 76.
tenebrosus, Ethelornis, 92.
tenuirostris, Acanthorhynchus, 103.
, Anteliotringa, 71.
——, Juarus, 157.
——, Licmetis, 86.
——, Megalopterus, 70.
——, Metagraucalus, 95.
—-—, Neonectris, 51, 67.
——, Nesozosterops, 110.
tephropleura, Zosterops, 109.
Terekia, 129.
cinerea, 72.
tereticollis, Larus, 150.
Tern, Black-fronted, 54.
——, Black-naped, 70.
——., Bridled, 70.
——, Caspian, 54, 70.
—-—, Crested, 54, 70.
——, Fairy, 54, 70.
——, Gull-billed, 70.
———, Lesser Crested, 70.
——, Roseate, 70.
——, Short-tailed, 181.
——, Sooty, 54, 70.
——, Sub-antaretic, 54.
——, Whiskered, 70.
——— Winter 54) 1 10}
——, White-fronted, 54, 70.
——., White-winged, 54, 70.
—--, Wilson’s, 181.
Ternlet, White-faced, 70.
, White-shafted, 70.
terraregine, Collocalia, 10.
Tetrao, 191.
canadensis, 179.
textilis, Diaphorillas, 98.
Textor, 141.
textrix, Fringilla, 141.
Thalassarche bulleri, 52.
chlororhynchus, 52, 68.
—— chrysostoma, 52, 68.
melanophris, 52, 68.
Thalasseus, 112.
-_— bengalensis, 70.

-— bergil, 54, 70.

Thalassidroma leachii, 181.
Thalassiornis, 1938.
Thalassoica antaretica, 51.

Thickhead, 110.

, Big-billed, 93.

| ——, Black-lored, 93.

——, Black-tailed, 93.
——., Brown, 93.
—-, Grey, 93.

—---, Olive, 93.

| ——— Red-lored, 93.
| ———, Rufus-breasted, 93.
| ———, White-bellied, 93.

, White-throated, 93.

| Thinornis noveseelandix, 56.

thorpei, Donacola, 106.

| Threskiornis molucea, 82.
_ Thrush, Ground, 96.

, Black-eyed, 120.

| ——, North Island, 63.

, South Island, 63.
——, White-browed, 120.

, White-eared, 120.
Thyellodroma bulleri, 50.
——.pacifica, 51, 67.
tibicen, Gymnorhina, 100.
Tiga, 189.

tigrina, Alauda, 159.
Timixos olivaceus, 93.
Tinnunculus, 186.
tintillon, Fringilla ecelebs,’ 152.
Tit, Black-Capt, 180.

, Brown, 97.

——., Buff-rumped, 97.
——, Chestnut-rumped, 97.

| ———, Dark Brown, 97.

——, Little, 97.
——, Plain-coloured, 97.

| ———, Serub, 98,

——, Striated, 97.
——, Thick-billed, 97.

| ——-, Thin-billed, 97.

= ree On
——, Yellow-rumped, 97.

| toitoi, Myiomoira, 62.

Tomirdus tricolor, 75.
Tomtit, North Island, 62.
, South Island, 62.

| Tonophoyx aruensis, 81.

torotoro, Syma, 89.

torquata orientalis, Merula, 144.
torquatus, Bulestes, 100.

, Pedionomus, 78.
orientalis, Turdus, 144.
Totanus, 125, 129.

tractrac, Motacilla, 144.
traversi, Nesomiro, 62.

232 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.

Traversia lyalli, 62.

Treecreeper, Black-backed, 101.

—-—, Blaekx-tailed, 101.
——, Brown, 101.

——, Red-browed, 101.
——, Rufous, 101.

——, White-browed, 101.
, White-throated, 101.
Tree-Martin, 91.

Treerunner, Black-capped, 101.

——, Orange-winged, 101.
——, Striated; 10).

, White-headed, 101.
Tree-Swallow, Australian, 62.
Tree-Tit, 92.

Tregellasia capito, 93.

, leucops, 93.

Treron, 190.

Tribonyx mortierii, 76.
Trichoglossus, 188.
hamatodus, 167.
hematopus, 167.
moluceanus, 87, 116, 167.
rubritorquis, 87.
Tricholimnas sylvestris, 109.
trichroa, Erythura, 106.
tricolor, Lalage, 95.

, Parephthianura, 96.
——, Tomirdus, 75.

——., Zonifer, 74.

Tringa, 112, 125, 129.
ealidris, 123.

—— flavipes, 123.
nebularia, 123.

—— ochropus, 123.
solitaria, 123.

——— stagnatilis, 123.
Tringine, 123, 124, 125, 128.
Tringoides, 129.

: hypoleucos, 123.

—— macularius, 123.
trivirgatus, Symposiachrus, 94.
Trochilus clavigula, 148.
colubris, 193.

—— major, 162.

medius, 162.

—— minimus, 193.

—— minor, 162.

—— multicolor, 193.

—— pella, 193.

—— superbus, 193.
trochilus, Sylvia, 162.
Troglodytes bewickii, 180.

Tropic Bird, Red-tailed, 54, 70.

Bird, White-tailed, 69.
tropica, Fregetta, 50, 67.

Tropidorhynchus corniculatus, 105.

| Trynga alba, 26.
| Tryngites, 124, 125, 129.

tubulata, Fregetta, 67.

Tui, 63.

tumulator, Megapodius, 166.
tumulificus, Megapodiuz, 166.
tumulorum, Megapodius, 166.
tumulus, Megapodius, 166.
Turdus alpinus, 160.
cristatus, 112.

—— dauma major, 144.
horsfieldi, 144.
leucophrys, 120.

—— leucotis, 120.

—— major, 144.

—— melanops, 120.

—— montanus, 132.

—— orientalis, 144.

—— puniceus, 26.

—— ruficollis, 160.

—— sibiricus, 160.

—— superciharis, 140.

—— torquatus orientalis, 144.
—— varius, 137, 144, 145.
viscivorus, 144.

—— xanthopygos, 140.
Turnagra capensis, 63.

—— tanaegra, 63.

Turnix maculosa, 77.
Turnstone, 56, 74, 181.
Turtur, 164, 191.

turtur, Columba, 164.

——, Pseudoprion, 52, 68.
Twenty-eight, 85.

Typhon sumatranus, 80.
tyrannulus, Sericornis, 97.
Tyto, 112.

—— alba, 84.

—— longimembris, 84.
novehollandiz, 84.

ultramarina, Aleedo, 194.
undulata, Scolopax, 129.
undulatus, Melopsittacus, 84.
unicolor, Cyanorhamphus, 61.
——, Cypselus, 179.

——, Hematopus, 56, 74, 111.
, Stomioptera, 104.
Uragus, 188.

Uraleyon sylvia, 89.

urinatrix, Pelecanoides, 52, 68.
Uroaétus audax, 83, 116.
Urodynamis taitensis, 61, 110.
uropyegialis, Acanthiza, 97.
Urospiza fasciata, 83,
Utamania, 193,

INDEX.

validirostris, Melithreptus, 102.
varia, Sitta, 180.

variegata, Casarca, 58.
———,, Fulica, 134.

, Motacilla, 132.
variegatus, Certhionyx, 103.
varigata, Motacilla, 132.
varius, Hypoleucus, 53, 111.
——, Marianornis, 77.

——, Psephotus, 85.

——., varius, Psephotus, 85.
—, Turdus, 137, 144, 145.
velox, Alphaturnia, 77.
ventralis, Microtribonyx, 76.
venustus, Platycercus, 85.
vereda, Eupodella, 56, 74.
versicolor, Austropitta, 90.
——, Dorothina, 104.

——, Neostrepera, 100.

= , Psitteuteles, 87.
Vetola, 124, 129.

—— hxemastica, 55.

—— lapponica, 55, 72.
Vidgenia castaneiventris, 88.
Vidua parauisea, 180.
vieilloti, Sphecotheres, 95.
violaceus, Ptilonorhynchus, 107.
Virago castanea, 59, 80.
—— gibberifrons, 59, 80.
virescens, Dorothina, 104.
virginiana, Bubo, 180.

——, Ortyx, 179.
viscivorus, Turdus, 144.
vittata, Amaurodryas, 92.
——, Pachyptila, 52, 68, 116.
——, Procellaria, 166.

——-, Sterna, 54.

vulgaris, Fringilla, 132.
——, Otus, 180.

——, Regulus, 162.

Vultur, 185.

Vulture, Sociable, 180.

Waetail, Yellow, 105.

wallicus, Pezoporus, 84.

Warbler, Chatham Islands, 63.

——, Grass, 96.

——, Grey, 62.

Wasserhuhn, Braun und dunnschnab-
lichten, 134.

——, Rostfarbige, 134.

Water-Hen, Black-tailed, 76.

Wattle-Bird, 105.

—-—, Brush, 105.

——, Red, 105.

——, Yellow, 64.

Waxwing, Bohemian, 180.

233

Weaver, Broadshafted Whidah, 180.

Wedge-Bill, 100.

Wee Juggler, 86.

Weka, 57.

westernensis, Creadion paradoxus,
169.

Wherrybill, Yellow-breasted, 94.

Whimbrel, Australian, 55, 73.

——, Little, 55, 73.

| White-eye, 101.

——, Green-backed, 101.
——, Pale-bellied, 101.
——, Robust, 109.

—~—, Slender-billed, 110.
——, White-breasted, 110.
——, Yellow, 101.

| Whiteface, 100.

—~—-, Chestnut-breasted, 100.

——, Murchison, 100,

_ whitei, Lacustroica, 103.

Whitehead, 63.
Whiteornis goodenovii, 91.
Whitlocka melanota, 101.

| —— melanura, 101.

——-— ruta Love

Willow Wren, Smallest, 162.
, Yellow, 162.
Wilsonavis richmondi, 92.
wilsoni, Calleas, 64.
wilson, Sialia, 180.

| ——, Sterna, 181.

Wonga-wonga, 79.
Woodcock, 173.

, American, 181.
————, Heino.
Woodhen, 57, 109.

, Black, 57.

i _Brownetal.

Wood Ibis, 181.

| Woodpecker, Brazilian, 193.

-, Great Spotted, 193.

| —— east allo:

—., Pileated, 193.
———, Red-headed, 181.
, White-billed, 193.
Wood Swallow, 99.
—— , Black-faced, 99.
——— —-—., [ittle, 99.
—— ——, Masked, 99.
—— ——, White-browed, 99.
—-—~ ——, White-rumped, 99.
woodwardi, Alphacincla, 99.
——-, Magnamytis, 99.
Wren, Banded, 98.

-, Bewick’s, 180.

-, Black and White, 98.
== —, Black and White Grass, 99.

23 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.

Wren, Black-backed, 98.

—_—, Blue, 98.

——-—, Blue-breasted, 98.
WSO
MOS leis
——, Field, 96.

— , Grass, 98.

, Ground, 95.

———, Lake Eyre Grass, 99.
——., Lovely, 98.

——, Purple-crowned, 98.
——, Red-hbacked, 98.
——, Red-winged, 98.
a OCI O2:

——, Stephens Islands, 62.
——, Striated Field, 96.
———, Striated Grass, 98.
——-, Western Ground, 95.
-——, White-throated Grass, 99.
—-—, White-winged, 98.
—_—, Variegated, 98.

Xema lambrusehinii, 157.
xanthocollis, Fringilla, 148.
xanthoprocta, Pachycephala, 110.
xanthopus, Planesticus, 109.
xanthopygos, Turdus, 140.
Xanthotis flaviventer, 105.
Xenicus gilviventris, 62.

—— longipes, 62.

Xencorhynchus asiaticus, 81.
Xerophila pectoralis, 9.

Xipidiorhynchus, 152.
Xylocota, 129. ~

yarrellia, Motacilla alba, 132.
yarrellii, Motacilla alba, 140.
Yellowhead, 63.

yeltoniensis, Alauda, 158.
Yephantes baltimore, 180.
yorki, Philemon, 105.

Yunx, 190.

Ypsilophorus ypsilophorus, 77.

Zanclostomus, 190.
Zanda baudinii, 86.

— funerea, 86, 116.
Zanthomiza phrygia, 103.
Zaporina galinella, 162.
—— minuta, 135, 162.
pusilla, 57, 76.
Zenaida amabilis, 179.
Zonxginthus bellus, 106.
—— oculatus, 106.
zonarius, Barnardius, 85.
Zoniter tricolor, 74.
Zonotrichia, 187.
Zoonava francica, 90.
—— fuciphaga, 90.
Zosterops albiventris, 101.
—— gouldi 101.

—— lateralis, 63, 101.
-——— lutea, 101.

—— tephropleura, 109.

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