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THE AUSTRAL AVIAN ~ RECORD.
A SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL DEVOTED PRIMARILY TO THE STUDY OF THE AUSTRALIAN AVIFAUNA.
VOLUME IV. May 1920—March 1922.
ISSUED IN CONNEXION WITH THE AUSTRAL AVIAN MusEum, Fare Oax, Hants, ENGLAND.
EDITED BY GREGORY M. MATHEWS.
LONDON : H. F. & G. WITHERBY 326 HiagH HoLBporn.
AI
NI J
CONTENTS.
Dates of Ornithological Works ..
Avian Taxonomy
A Name-List of the Birds of New Zealand
A Name-List of the Birds of Australia
A Name-List of the Birds of Australia (concluded) Forgotten Bird-Artists and an Old-Time Ornithologist Snipe and Sandpipers : A Re-arrangement
Sherborn and the Systematist ..
Sherborn and the Systematist (concluded)
Additions and Corrections to ny List of the Birds of Australia, 1913, and Check List, Part I., 1920
Notes of Interest :—Lichtenstein’s Sale Catalogues, Berthold’s Edition of Latreille. Encyclopedia londinensis, T'urdus varius, Miller’s Illustrations, Blyth’s Catalogue, Fort Pitt, Chatham, Bird Collection, Haldemann’s Zoological Contributions, Anthus grayi Bp., Hirundolanius, Cranellus, Reichenbach Again, Boddaert’s Hidden Names, British Bird Names, Another Overlooked Bird List
Amoropelia gen. nov.
Additions and Corrections to my Check List, 1920
An Extraordinary Bird Book
Captain Thomas Brown, Ornithologist
139
AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
A SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL DEVOTED PRIMARILY TO THE STUDY OF THE AUSTRALIAN AVIFAUNA —
VOL. IV. No. 1.
ee mamlesta
JUN 22 1920
= es aa] Muse
ISSUED IN CONNEXION WITH THE AustRAL AviAN Musrum, Farr Oak, Hants, ENGLAND
EDITOR GREGORY M. MATHEWS
——
SUBSCRIPTION PER VoLUME 12/- Net.
WITHERBY & CO., 326 Hien Hoxtsorn, Lonvon, W.C. l. May 27th, 1920.
ate Mur i 12
of cae Be SzKt yee a
THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.
Vol. IV., No. 1. May 277TH, 1920.
CONTENTS. PAGE
Dates oF ORNITHOLOGICAL WoRKS ... See hae a 1
Sanwanian Instity;>
JUN 22 1920
Ay.
DATES OF ORNITHOLOGICAL WORKS. \ By Gregory M. Maturws.
As Appendix B. in Part V. of Volume VII. of my Birds of Australia, which was published on July 10, 1919, I included the results of an attempt to provide exact dates for Ornitho- logical Works quoted in that work. This was a novel effort, and of course contains many imperfections, but my reviewers have kindly suggested that it was important enough to be reprinted in a more accessible place, and indicated the present vehicle. I have great pleasure in acceding to these desires and am thankful for the appreciation, and have also taken the opportunity of revising some items and adding additional information, so that this list is more complete and accurate than the preceding one ; but I have condensed it so that it gives references to the details, not all the details themselves. It must also be remembered that I only deal with the books referred to in connection with the Australian Avitauna.
f
ANNALS AND MaGazINE oF Natural History. The first Magazine of Natural History was edited by Loudon, the first part being published on May Ist, 1828, and appeared every two months. Nine volumes were completed, each volume containing six parts, when Charlesworth continued it as-editor, but only four volumes had appeared before it succumbed to
2 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
the opposition of the Magazine of Zoology and Botany, which was brought out under the direction of Jardine and Selby, and of which two volumes were published, each containing six numbers, which had come out every two months from June 1836 to February 1838, two numbers appearing together in August 1837. Then on March Ist, 1838, appeared the Annals of Natural History, a monthly journal under Jardine’s editor- ship, and soon entitled the Annals and Magazine of Natural History is continued to this day, six months constituting a volume, and twenty volumes (7.e., ten years) form a series.
ANNALES Paris Museum. Sherborn has collated this and the Mémoires in the Annals Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 8, Vol. XIII, p. 365, March 1914.
ANNALES Scr. Nat. Paris. Dates as given have been . accepted, but a collation seems necessary, as citations in the — text sometimes contradict the ostensible dates of publication.
Auk. The quarterly Journal of the American Ornithologists’ Union, which has appeared regularly January, April, July and October ; first so called in 1883, succeeding the Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, founded in 1875.
_ AustraL Avian Recorp. Issued irregularly and dates
given in the Birds Austr., Vol. VII., pt. 5, p. 444, July 10, TIS:
Austr. Mus. Catanoagurs. Catalogue No. 4, pt. L., Accipitres, by E. P. Ramsay, 1876; pt. 11, Striges, by Ramsay, 1890; pt. 111, Psittaci, by Ramsay, 1891; and pt. Iv., Picarie, by Ramsay, 1894. A second edition, edited and corrected by A. J. North, of parts 1. and 1. was issued in 1898. Catalogue No. 12 of Nests and Eggs of Birds Breeding in Australia, prepared by North, has title page 1889, but was not published until late in 1890, being acknowledged in the Ibis, January 1891, and refers in text to May 25, 1890.
Bartram. Travels in Carolina, 1791. German translation, with additions by Zimmermann in 1793. See Auk, XXXL, pp. 86-91, January 1914.
BECHSTEIN. Ornith. Taschenb,. Vol. I., 1802 (pref. July 1ith); Vol. II., 1803; Vol. III. by Leisler, 1812 (pref. June 1811),
¥
No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 3
BiLLBERG. Synops. Faune Scand., 1828. See Austral Av. Rec., Vol. II., pp. 33-48, 1913.
Biroxuam. Voy. ‘ Blonde’ Sandwich Islands, “ 1826.” pub- lished February 20, 1827. Refer Literary Gazette, p. 112, February 17th, 1827, and February 24th, p. 125, 1827.
Buytu. Cat. Birds Mus. Asiatic Society. Title page dated 1849, but was not published until after June 20, 1852, the date of preface. Author of series of articles in the Journal As. Soc., Bengal, which must be referred to in connection with Falconiform birds, and he also named genera and species of Australian birds in same Journal.
BoppagErtT. Tabl. des Planch. Enlum. The preface is dated December 1, 1783. See Austral Av. Rec., Vol. IIL, pp. 31-51, 1915.
Bore. Two important articles in the Isis (Oken), the first . in Heft 5, presumably for May 1822, the other in Heft 10, presumably for October 1826.
Bonaparte. Papers on North American Birds in the Annals Lyceum Nat. Hist., New York, 1828. Series of papers popularly known by indefinite abbreviations and pages quoted from reprints ; also papers published in the Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris, were reprinted with additions, and these have also been cited.
Saggio = Saggio distrib. Metod. Anim. verteb., published in parts in the Giornale Arcadico di Scienze Roma. I have not exact dates of publication, but Vol. LIL, p. 208, though usually quoted 1831, was not published until well on in the year 1832.
Icongr. Fauna Italica. Issued in fascicules, so that date on title of completed work is misleading.
Comp. List Birds Europe and America. Advertised in the Atheneum and in Lit. Gazette for April 14th, 1838, but reviewed in Charlesworth’s Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. I., for April 1838, No. 16, p. 237, where it is written: “We are much sratified at the appearing of this volume,” having drawn atten- tion to its preparation two months earlier, No. 14, p. 109, so apparently January given by me previously is incorrect.
Consp. Gen. Av. Pt. 1., probably pp. 1-272, received before
4 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD _ [Vol. IV.
June 24, 1850, by the Paris Academy. Pt. m1. acknowledged same place February 3, 1851. These constitute Vol. I. Vol. II. was issued in parts, due to illness of author, which culminated in his death, and last part was issued afterward. Thus pp. 1-159 were issued in 1855 after April 15, pp. 161-184 some time in 1856, and pp. 185 to end after October 1, 1857.
0.8.0. This indicates the Consp. Syst. Ornith. published in the Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris, Ser. 4, Vol. I., Nos. 2 and 3, pp. 105-152, received at the Paris Academy, May 15 and June 26, 1854.
- €VZ Consp. Volo Aygod., published im’ the Ateneo Italiano, Vol. 2, No. 8, May (15), 1854, pp. 116-129; received Paris before June 5, 1854.
C.V.A. Consp. Vol. Aniso., published ibid No. 11, August (15), 1854, pp. 311-321: received Paris before August 28, 1854. No. 12, September (15), 1854, pp. 377-382.
BonNATERRE. See Hncy. Meth.
Branpt. Descr. Icon. Anim. Russ. Nov. Aves., fase. L., 1836. All published; refer to Finsch, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, Vol. ILL, pp. 19-21. See under Tchihatcheff.
Breum. Beitr. Vogelkunde. Vol. I., 1820, preface July 1820 : Vol. II., 1822, pref. November 14, 1821; Vol. III., 1822, pref. May 1822.
Lehrb. Naturg. 1823, preface July 1823.
Vogel Deutschl. 1831, preface July 1831.
Vogelfang. 1855, preface November 8, 1854.
Brisson. Ornithologia. 6 volumes at one date, 1760.
Brown, Capt. Tuomas. Illustr. Genera Birds, published in monthly parts, each 4 plates, Ist part April 1, 1845, and ninth part December 1845, with 8 pages text, and in October number an additional plain plate. Was never completed. See Miscellany Nat. Hist.
Brunnicu. Orn. Boreal. Preface dated February 20, 1764.
Butxier. Hssay New Zealand Orn. Pref. dated February 1, 1865.
The Essay on New Zealand Ornithology was reprinted in the Trans. New Zealand Inst., Vol. I., 1869, which was. itself
Nor IE} THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 5
' “later reprinted. In the first edition the Essay is separately paged : in the reprint the Essay is paged consecutively with the Transactions.
Hist. New Zeal. Birds, in 5 parts: pt. 1, March 1872; pt. u., June 1872; pts. 111. & Iv,, December 1872 ; and pt. v., April 1873.
2nd Edition in 13 parts: pt. 1., July 1887; pt. 1., October 1887; pt. 11., January 1888; pts. Iv., v. & vi., March 1888 ; pt. vi., May 1888; pts. vor. & 1x., August 1888; pts. x. & XL., November 1888 ; and pts. xu. & x1m., December 1888.
Supplement. Vol. L before August 5, 1905; Vol. tI. before July 1906. These dates need revision.
BULLETIN Brit. Orn. Cius. Published with a_ short account of the meetings of the Brit. Orn. Club held monthly during the months from October to June inclusive, and each Bulletin bears the date of issue, but in some cases this is not exactly correct.
BULLETIN Scr. Nat. (FERussAc). This Bulletin was devoted to reviews of current literature, but original articles were also accepted. Exact dates have not yet been secured, those given on the parts being accepted. It is a very valuable record by which publication of other scientific works may be traced, contents of parts of serial works being detailed.
CABANIS. Mus. Heineanum. Vol. I., 1851, after October 23; Vol. II., 1860, after January 20; Vol. III., 1860, after November |; Vol. IV., 1864, after December 30, 1863. All after Vol. I. are by Cabanis and Heine.
CAMPBELL. Nests and Eggs Austr. Birds, published in 2 vols. in 1901, acknowledged in Melbourne Vict. Nat., Vol. XVIL., p. 206, April 4, 1901.
CATALOGUE OF THE Brrps IN THE British Musrum. In the Birds Austr., Vol. VII, p. 448, 1919, I gave details of volumes and dates of preface which were intended as dates of publication, but Richmond has suggested that these are not correct. I have so far been unable to get definite dates, but will furnish them at the first opportunity.
Comptes Renpus. Reports of the meetings of the Aca- demy of Sciences of Paris, which were published weekly, and
6 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Bonaparte contributed many most important papers to the Academy.
CoquitLE. In the Austral Av. Rec., Vol. Il., pts. 2-3, October 23, 1913, I gave details of publication of plates and text, based on the work done by Sherborn and Woodward in the Annals Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. VII., Vol. 7, p. 391, 1901.
Covges. Probably the most brilliant all-round ornithologist that has yet lived. Better known in connection with American works, such as his Key and Check List of North American birds, but must be noted here in connection with his Mono- graphs, which appeared in the Proceedings Academy Natural Sciences Philadelphia.
A Monograph of the Tringeze of North America; 1861, pp. 170-205, sign. July-August.
A Review of the Terns of North America; 1862, pp. 535-559, sign. December.
A Critical Review of the Family Procellariide : Part 1, 1864, pp. 72-91, — sign. March-April. Part 1., 1864, pp. 116-141, sign. April. Part 111., 1866, pp. 25-33, — sign. March. Part Iv., 1866, pp. 134-172, sign. May. Part v., 1866, pp. 172-197, sign. May.
As an Appendix to an essay on the Birds of the Colorado Valley Coues published a Bibliography of American Ornithology (U.S. Geol. Surv. Territ. Misc. Publ., No. 11, pp. 568-784, after October 31), 1878, following with a second and third instalment, Bulletin No. 2 (September 6), 1879, and Bulletin No. 4 (September 30), 1880. A fourth instalment (on British Birds) occurs in Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. II., 1880, pp. 359- 482.
Cuvier. Tabl. Elém. 1798. In Journ. Typogr., December 24, 1797.
Lecons d’ Anat. Comp., Vols. I. and II. ibid. April 19, 1800.
Le Régne Animal, titles 1817, 4 Vols. B.F., December 7, 1816. 2nd Edition, B.F., Vols. I., I., [V., and V., April 11, 1829; Vol. TIT., March 27, 1830. See Griffith and Pidgeon.
Davupin. Traitéd’Orn., Vol. 1., January 1800. Vol. I., May 14, 1800. See Richmond, Auk, October 1899, p. 325 note,
No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 7
The XIVth Volume of the Didot ed. Hist. Nat. (Buffon), in which Daudin gave specific names, was published in October 1802. See Sherborn, Natural Science, December 1899, p. 406.
Dict. Scr. Nav. (Levrault). Details of publication in the Austral Av. Rec,, Vol. III., pt. 1., June 30, 1915.
DIEFFENBACH. Travels in New Zealand. Pret. November, 1842. Published middle of January 1843.
Dieeirs. Ornith. Australia. See Austral Av. Rec., Vol. I., pp., 68-72, 1912, Vol. II., pp. 137-153, 1915, and Vol. III., pp. 98-108, 1917, where full details of all this writer’s work and sketch of his life appear.
DressEeR. Author of Birds of Europe, Monograph of Bee Eaters, and Monograph of the Rollers.
DumeEriIt. Zool. Anal., title 1806, but reviewed in detail in Journ. Typogr. for December 6, 1805. Translation by Froriep, 1806, preface dated September 17, 1806.
Dumont. Author of Articles in the Dict. Sci. Nat. (Levrault).
Exxuiot. Monograph of Pittide. Pref. November 1862, published as one item in 1863. Copy in Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. has a title page dated 1867! Second edition was issued in five parts, 1893-1895. Pt. 1, April 1893; pt. 2, December 1893 ; pt. 3, February 1894; pt. 4, September 1894; pt. 5, January 1895. Author of other important works which do not concern Australian ornithologists.
Emu. A quarterly publication, the organ of the Royal Australasian Ornithologists’ Union, Vols., including July, October and January April, numbers. Bulletins apparently have no scientific standing. See Emu, Vol. XV., p. 163, 1916,
Enoy. Métu. See Sherborn and Woodward, Annals Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. XVII., Ser. 7, p. 577, 1906, where full details are given.
Erebus & TERROR. See Gray.
Eyton. Hist. Rarer Brit. Birds, 1836,in 3 parts. Pt.1, Jan. 1836; pt. 2 (February) 1836; pt. 3 (March) 1836. Reviewed in May 1836.
Monograph Anatide, published in June 1838.
8 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Fremine. Philos Zool., published in June 1822.
History Brit. Animals, published in March 1828.
Finscu. New Guinea, 1865 (pref. August 1864).
Die Papageien, Vol. I., 1867; reviewed August: Vol. IT. in 2 parts. Pref. August 8, 1868.
Forster, G. Voyage Round the World, 1777, preface March 1.
Forster, J. R. Monograph on Penguins appeared in the Comment. Gottingen, the preface dated “ Kal. Mai, 1781.”
Indische Zool., 1781: preface October 12, 1781.
Enchiridion, 1788: noticed Gotting. Anzeiger, March 27, 1788, p. 489.
Descr. Anim., posthumously edited by Lichtenstein and published in 1844, the preface being dated January. Some of the species had been previously published by Wagler, from Forster’s MSS., in his Syst. Av., 1827, and Isis, 1829.
Forster, T. Synopt. Cat. Brit. Birds, published December INSSIE 7
Frortrep, edited a Journal entitled “‘ Notizen,”’ which is a work of reference whence dates may sometimes be approxi- mately gauged: also edited a translation of Duméril’s Zool. Anal. Gabow prepared Vols. 8 and 9 of Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.
GALERIE DES O1sEAUX. See Austral Av. Rec., Vol. II., pt. 7, January 28, 1915, for details as far as yet known.
GARNOT. See Coquille.
GIsTEL. Naturg. Thierr. Title 1848: preface Easter 1847. Second edition, title page 1850: no other difference in my Library.
GiocER. Hand- und Hilfsb., published in seven parts, the first five, each 80 pages, appearing in 1841: part vi., pp. 401- 480? and Part vi., 477*-496, and pp. I-xxxxIv., including preface dated October 17, 1841, perhaps early in 1842, as that date appears on title page. Part VI. must have appeared in 1841, and VII. in 1842.
GMELIN, J. F. Syst. Nat. See Hopkinson, Proc. Zool. Soc. (Lond.), 1907, p. 1037. Pt. 1, pp. 1-500, July 25, 1788; pt. 1., pp. 501-1032, April 20, 1789; pt. m1., Nov. 20th, 1789.
GopmMan, F, D. Famous specialist on neotropical birds,
No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 9
who published a Monograph of Petrels, initiated by his col- league Salvin, the authority on this subject, who died before beginning it.
Govuutp. Author of many illustrated works on Birds of Europe, Asia and Aus'ralia, etc.
Synopsis Birds Austr. in 4 pts., Pt. 1., January 1837; pt. 11,
_ April 1837; pts. m7. and tv., April 1838.
buds Ausirrand Adj. Isl Pt: 1, August, 1837 3- pt. 1; February 1838. All published.
Birds Australia in 36 parts, regularly anied March Ist, June Ist, September Ist, December ist, the lst part December Ist, 1840, and pts. 33, 34, 35 and 36 all dated December Ist, 1848. His Introduction was published in octavo form, so that it might be corrected before appearing in the folio edition, and was published August Ist 1848. A Supplement was then issued at long intervals: Pt. 1, dated March 15, 1851; pt. 11, September I, 1855; pt. m1., September 1, 1859; pt. Iv., December 1, 18675; and pt. v., August 1, 1869.
Handbook Birds Australia, 1865. Apparently in 2 Vols. in December 1865. Richmond has note of Vol. I. advertised in September 1865, but I have been unable to find any con- firmation yet. |
Birds of New Guinea issued in parts. Begun by Gould and completed by Sharpe. Contains figures of previously unfigured Australian birds as Ailurcedus maculosus, Vol. I., pl. 38 (pt. 1.), Dec. Ist, 1875 ; Scenopceus dentirostris, Vol. I., pl. 43 (pt. x.), Sept. Ist, 1879; Chlamydodera oinentelis, Vol. 1., pl. 44 (pt. xz.), Feb. 1st, 1880 : ; Chlamydodera occipitalis, Vol. I., pl. 45 (pt. x.), Sept. Ist, 1879; Microeca assimilis, Vol vis pl 10) (pt. xi), “Heb. Ist; 1880; Heteromyias cimereirons) Vols yl ple stb: ipt. = x), Sept, Ust, 18:79); Peecilodryas albifacies, Vol. Il., pl. 18 (pt. xu), 1882 (month ?); Rhipidura dryas, Vol. II., pl. 32 (pt. m.), Jan. Ist, 1876" Sericornis minimus, Vel. H1l., pl. 7 (pt. 1.), Dec. Ist, 1875 ; Amytis goyderi, Vol. III., pl. 8 (pt. 1.), Jan. Ist, 1876 ; Ephthianura crocea, Vol. III., pl. 14 (pt. xxiv.), 1888 (month ?); Cracticus rufescens, Vol. III., pl. 16 (pt. xxum1.), 1887 (month ?); Xerophila pectoralis, Vol. III., pl. 27 (pt. 1),
10 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Dec. Ist, 1875; Sittella albata, Vol. III., pl. 28 (pt. xz.), Feb. 1st, 1880; Melithreptus letior, Vol. II., pl. 40 (pt. 1.), Jan. Ist, 1876 ; Glyciphila subfasciata, Vol. IIT., pl. 46 (pt. 11.), May Ist, 1876; Ptilotis frenata, Vol. HI., pl. 49 (pt. 1)., Jan. Ist, 1876; Ptilotis flavostriata, Vol. III., pl. 50 (pt. 1), Jan. Ist, 1876; Collocalia terreregine, Vol. IV., pl. 38 (pt. 1.), Dec. Ist, 1875; Cyclopsitta maccoyi, Vol. V., pl. 7 (pt. 1.), Dec. Ist, 1875; Sternula placens, Vol. V., pl. 72 (pt. u1.), May Ist, 1876; Cacatua gymnopis, Vol. V., pl. 46 (pt. x1tx.), 1885 (month ?).
Gray, G. R. List Genera Birds. Ast ed., April 1840; 2nd ed., September 1841.
Appendix on sale April Ist, 1842.
Genera Birds, see Richmond, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 53, p- 596, note 1917.
Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds. Although Introd. dated April 6th, 1855, it does not seem to have been published before October 1855, but may have been a little earlier.
Handlist Gen. Sp. Birds. Pt. 1., pref. dated May 10th, 1869; pt. 1., pref. Nov. 9th, 1870; pt.11., pref. July 8th, 1871.
Erebus and Terror. Issued in parts with plates and text ; in pt. 3, for instance, 8 plates and 4 pages text. Pages I-8 appeared in 1844; p. 9 (apparently in pt. rx.) according to Newton in June 1845; p. 20, according to Pucheran in October 1845. .
Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. A number of small books, entitled Lists of Specimens of Birds in Brit Mus. were issued, and in view of the case of the Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds the preface dates must be verified before acceptance as dates of publica- tion, though it was the rule in this Institution to date the prefaces for publishing date.
Gray,J.E. Zool. Miscell. Pt.1., pp. 1-40, Nov. 5th, 1831; pt. 1., pp. 41-48, signature March 1842; pt. IL, pp. 49-56, April 1842; pt. Iv., pp. 57-72, May 1842; pt. v., pp. 73-80, June 1842; pt. vi., pp. 81-86, after June 29, 1844. Plates were prepared and in some cases never issued, but proofs may be met with as well as additional paged proofs of matter.
GrirFitH, Edited an English translation of Cuvier’s
No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 11
Animal Kingdom, which appeared in parts. The title pages bear the date 1829, but the plates are dated from November 1827, to January 1830. About nine parts bound in three volumes, which are listed on January 23rd, 1830. Pt. 14 (1st of birds) December Ist, 1827; pt. 15, March 31st, 1828; pt. 16, August 6th, 1828, with 18 plates; pt. 19, May 21st, 1829; pt. 20 with 16 plates, August 15th, 1829; pt. 21, with 21 plates, October 31st, 1829. Further dates and contents of parts still desired.
GunnerRus. See Leem. |
HARTERT has written a couple of papers on Australian Birds, and many on New Guinea Birds in conjunction with Lord Rothschild in the Novitates Zoologicze, which see. Mono- graphed Swifts, etc., in the Cat. Birds. Brit. Mus. and also in Das Thierreich.
Vogel der Palaarktischen Fauna does not need collation here.
Katalog Vogelsamml. Mus. Senckenb. Middle of January 1891.
HEINE. See Cabanis and Reichenow.
Hemrrich & EHRENBERG. Symbol. Phys. Title 1832, but issued in 1833.
HorsFietp Zoological Researches in Java. Published in eight parts. Pt. 1, 9 pls. and text, July 1821; pt. 2, Novem- ber 1821; pt. 3, February 1822; pt. 4, June 1822; pt. 5, October 1822; pt. 6, April 1823; pt. 7, October 1823; pt. 8, April 1824. Contents of parts given in instructions to binders at end of preface.
Tpis. Journal of British Ornithologists’ Union, published quarterly in January, April, July and October, fairly regularly.
InticER. Prodr. Mamm. et Aviuwm, 1811, preface dated April.
InLustr. OrniTH. See Jardine and Selby.
InLustr. Zoon. See Lesson, Swainson and Wilson.
Ists. A German periodical, edited by Oken, which appeared monthly, though often late.
JARDINE. Editor of the Naturalists’ Library, and Contribu- tions to Ornithology, which appeared irregularly and no accu- rate collation has yet been made of the latter. Collaborated with Selby in the Hlustr. Ornith., details of which are given by
12 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Sherborn in the Ibis, April, 1894, and corrected in the Ibis, 1899, p. 483. For the second series the dates as now known readi: pt. I, Keb: 1, 1837 5 pt. 2, Mayea27;) N337 pts: December 1, 1837; pt. 4, June 30, 1838; pt. 5, March 23, 1838; pt. 6, Feb.. 22, 1840; pt. 7, July 25, 1840; pt. 8, unknown ; pt. 9, June 15, 1843. Hach part should contain six plates.
JaRockt. Zoologiia. See Austral Av. Rec., Vol. HL, pt. 6, p. 142, et. seq., 1918.
JOURNAL FUR ORNITHOLOGIE. Begun by Cabanis, and six hefts appeared the first year, but soon became behind and no reliance can be placed upon ostensible dates of publication. Kaur. Skizz. Entwick. Naturl. Syst., 1829, preface dated April. :
Class. Saugeth. wu. Vogel. Published March 15, 1844. Author of many articles in the Isis, Jardine’s Contr. Ornith., Proc. Zool. Soc. (Lond.); ete.
Kerr. Animal Kingdom, 1792, preface dated February.
KeyserRting & Buastus. Ornith. Huropa, 1840, preface dated October 1839. Reviewed in Isis, April 1840, where reviews were not up-to-date.
‘Kine. Survey Intertrop. Coasts Austr. Title 1827 (!) but actually issued April 26, 1826; reviewed in Dublin Philos. Journ. for May 1826.
Kocr. Syst. baier. Zool., 1816, published before July.
Kuun. Conspectus Psittacorum, issued in Nov. Act. Phys. Acad. Leop. Carol., Vol. X., 1820, pref. October ; Monograph of Petrels in the Beitr. Vergl. Anat., 1820, pref. dated April 7th.
LaceprepE. Tabl. Oiseaux, 1799. Reviewed in paper for end December. See Richmond, Auk, 1899, p. 325, and Sherborn, Natural Science, 1899, p. 406.
LatHamM. Suppl. Gen. Synops., 1787; preface dated May Ist.
Index Ornith., 1790, acknowledged by Philos. Soc. London, December 9, 1790.
Second Suppl. Gen. Synops. has plates dated May 30, 1801, and the Suppl. Index Ornith. was simultaneously published.
Lreacu. Zool. Miscellany appeared in parts, Ist part on
No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD i3
Jan. Ist, 1814. Vol. I. having title page 1814; Vol. IT., 1815; Vol. III. appeared as one item, January 1, 1817. Five plates and about one signature of text in each part. Cf. Isis, 1817, p. 260.
Syst. Catal. Brit. Birds, 1816, pref. October 30. :
Lear. Iilusir. Psittacide. See Austral Av. Rec., Vol. I., p. 23, 1912.
Lzem [Knup.| Beskrivelse over Finmarkens Lapper, 1767 ; pref. date. January 29.
Lesson. Manuel d@Ornith. Acknowledged B.F., June 28, 1828.
Traité @Ornith. February 13, 1830-June 11, 1831. For details of this and Illustr. Zool. and Centurie.de Zool. see Nov. Zool., Vol. XVIII, pp. 12-14, 1911.
Hecho du Monde Savant. Articles by Lesson which appeared in this periodical have lately been reprinted by Menégaux.
Descr. Mamm. et Ois., published in April 1847.
Compl. de Buffon. Exact dates not known to me. See also under Coquille.
LEVAILLANT. Hist. Nat. Perroquets. Vol.1., An. 1X. = 1801; Vol. II., An. XTIT. = 18053 Vol. III. by Bourjot St. Hilaire said to bave been begun in March 1837, but Atheneum, January 23rd, 1836, p. 73, says Pt. 1 has appeared. Another source gives Livr. 15-24 as 1856; 25-26 as 1837. Another says completed in 29 paris and 110 plates. A Collection des Perroquetes (possibly this work) is referred to in Wiegm. Archiv. and the following data given: Livr. 1-Iv., 1835; Livr. XI1.-xxIv, 1835, each part with 4 plates.
Lewin. Birds of New Holland, 1808, probably before September. Other editions of little technical importance, 1813, 1822 and 1835.
LicHTENSTEIN. Cat. Berlin Museum. 1st ed. 1816; 2nd ed. 1818, before August. (Isis, 1818, col. 1103, Litt. Anz.) Enlarged edition 1823, preface September. Important one published in 1854, prefaced January 10, and others were issued at various dates between 1819-1842 or later, one of which was reprinted in Journal ftir Orn., 1863, pp. 54-60.
See Birds Austr., Vol. VII., p. 457.
14 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Linné. Fauna Suecica. Ist ed. prefaced February 25, 1746. Syst. Nat. 10th Edition, date accepted, January 1, 1758. Fauna Suecica, 2nd ed. prefaced July 28, 1761. Syst. Nat. 12th ed. prefaced May 24, 1766.
Littter. Handbook Birds Tasm., 1910. Reviewed Emu July Ist 1910, London, December 10..
Macertuivray. Hist. Brit. Birds, Vol. I., prefaced May 1, 1837; Vol. II., prefaced June 1, 1839; Vol. HI., prefaced June 1, 1840. Onsale July 1, 1840. Vol. IV., prefaced March 20, 1852; and Vol. V., prefaced July 31, 1852.
Rapacious Birds Great Britain. Published January 16, 1836.
Manual Land Birds. Published November 28, 1840.
Manual Water Birds. Published May 28, 1842.
Mac. DE Zoou. Plates and text issued irregularly, and sometimes text dated, but these are dates of manuscript only, — not of publication. No exact collation yet known.
MatHEews. Birds Austr. Details given in Vol. VII, p. 458, 1919.
Handl. Birds Australasia. January 1908 as Supplement to Emu, Vol. VII.
Inst Birds Australia. December 1913.
Reference List to the Birds of Australia was published in the Nov. Zool., Vol. XVIII., pp. 171-656, January 31, 1912, following two important papers on nomenclature in the same Journal, containing details of dates of publication, Vol. XVIL., pp. 492-503, December 15, 1910, and Vol. XVIII., pp. 1-22, June 17, 1911. Has also published many papers in the Ibis, Emu, Auk, South Australian Ornithologist, ete., as well as majority in the Austral Avian Record.
MatHews & IREDALE. Reference List of the Birds of New Zealand appeared in Ibis, 1913, pp. 201-263, April 2, pp. 402- 45, July 1.
Meyer & WicuEswortH. Birds of Celebes. A most important work to students of Australasian birds. Two volumes 1898 issued together and received at British Museum, June 25, 1898. Dates are used as signatures, appearing con- tinuously throughout the work, but are dates of printing of sheets, not of publication, the first being October 4, 1897, and
No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 15
last (contents) May 30, 1898, the preface being dated April 30, 1898.
Meyer & Wor. Taschenb. deutsche Vogel, 1810. Pt. 1., pp. 1-310, preface dated August 20, 1809; pt. 11, pp. 311-614, preface dated March 1810. Zusitze und Bericht. by Meyer 1822, preface dated April.
Miscettany Nat. Hist. Vol. I., Parrots by Lauder and Brown, 1833. Advt. states that ‘““On November 16 will be published another work.”
Mituer, J. F. Var. Subj. Nat. Hist., plates only bearing dates. See Riley, Auk, 1908, p. 269. Republished with text by Shaw in 1798 under the title Cimelia Physica.
Mutuer, P. L. 8. Suppl. Natursyst., preface dated January 4, 1776. See Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1864, pp. 234-257.
Mutter, 8. Verhandl. Nat. Gesch. Land- en Volkenk. See Austral Av. Rec., Vol. I., p. 24, 1912.
Mus. CARLSONIANUM. See Sparrman.
Mus. Hrrnnanum. See Heine, and Reichenow.
Mus LEevEeRIANUM. See Shaw.
Mus. pes Pays-Bas. Under this title Schlegel published a series of Monographs of Birds which have not yet been accu- rately collated with dates of publication. See Birds Austr.,— Vol. VII., pp. 464 and 476, 1919.
Mus. SENCKENBERG. In three volumes issued in parts. The preface to Vol. I. is dated October 1834, which appears to be the date of issue of the 3rd. part. In the British Museum, Natural History, the copy is bound with the wrappers preserved, and from these I have secured the following information :
Wools Ie levers th jayor 1-96 pls. I.—V. End Sept. 1833
2 97-188 VI.—IX. & XI. 1834 3 189-295 X. & XII.—XVITI. 1834 Te hettel 1-116 I.—VI. 1836 2 117-190 VII.—XI: 1837 3 191-310 XIT.—X VII. 1837 Ill. heft 1 1-90 I.—V. 1839 2 91-196 VI.—XILI. 1842 3 197-318 XITI.—X VII. 1845
16 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Katalog Vogelsamml. Mus. Senckenb., prepared by Hartert, was published after middle of January 1891.
NavumanniA. Published quarterly but at first of quite irregular occurrence, and towards the end apparently also failed. Exact dates have not been ascertained, so I put forward the following details :
Vol. I. in 4 pts. The Vorwort dated September 1849; pt. 2 dated in text February 1850; pt. 3, October 1850 ; and pt. 4, April 10, 1851.
Vol. II. apparently 3 parts only. Pt. 1 dated in text September 9, 1851; pt. 2 November 1852; and pt. 3, 1852, only probably early in 1853.
Vol. III. quarterly. Pref. 1853 February. Latest date November 8, 1853.
Vol. IV. quarterly. Latest date November 1854.
= ee Vs Do. Latest date October 1855; contains advertisement of sale of birds’ eggs to take place at Stevens in February 1856. Vol. VI. quarterly. Latest date October 1856. VIL. Do. November 1857. VIII. for 1858 includes date May 1859.
Newton. Famous British ornithologist, whose publications arefew, but the Dictionary of Birds, in which he was assisted by Gadow, Shufeldt, etc., contains a synoptic résumé of ornithological writers, which is peculiarly valuable, as in that study Newton has never been surpassed.
Nirzscu. Observ., pref. dated Ides September 1829.
Pterylographie, pret. dated May 20, 1840.
Nortu. Ausir. Mus. Special Catalogue No. 1 was published in parts, details of which are given Birds Austr., Vol. VII., p. 460, 1919.
Rep. Horn. Sci. Exped., pt. 1., Zool. Aves by North, published in February 1896.
Nouv. Dicr. p’Hist. Nat., Nouv. ED. See Nov. Zool.-; Vol. XVIII., p. 18, 1911. Two prints exist with very little - alteration.
Nov. Zoou. <A periodical issued in connection with the Tring Museum at irregular intervals, parts being dated.
No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 17
OxEN. Editor of the Isis.
Lehrb. der Naturg., 1816. Allg. Naturg., Vol. VII., pt. 1. (Thierreich, Vol. IV., pt. 1.), 1837, not 1841 as given in my previous paper.
OrnitH. MonatsBeriIcuT. A monthly record of ornithology.
Pautas. Spicilegia Zool. Vol. I. in ten fascicules: pref. dated Kalend Mai 1767: fascicules dated, 10th, 1774; 11th, 1776; and 14th and last, 1800.
Reise Russ. Reichs, Vol. 1., 1771, pref. April 28, O.S. 1770 ; Wol, It, 77g, joi, zyoal UO! Oise aly rese Voll IU Las Ie 7KGy, pref. February 10, O.S. 1776.
Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. ‘Though copies exist with titles dated 1811 and 1831, date of publication is now accepted as 1827. See Vroeg.
Peate. See U.S. Expl. Exped.
- Prrry. Arcana, issued in 21 monthly parts each, 4 plates, beginning January 1, 1810. See Victorian Naturalist, Vol. XXIX., p. 7 e¢ seqg., May 1912.
Puiture. Voyage to Botany Bay, 1789. Pref. dated November 2, 1789, but last plate November 26, 1789.
PoLe Sup. Plates of Birds only bear vernacular names, save those of Petrel bills, where Latin names are given. These plates were issued between 1843 and 1846. The text, by Pucheran, was not issued until 1853; later copies ascribe the text to Jacquinot and Pucheran.
Proc. Linn. Soc. New SoutH Wates. Dates of early parts given in Vol. X. of the second series, p. 533, and. refer also Birds Austr., Vol. VII., p. 462, 1919.
Proc. Zoo. Soc. (Lonp.). Dates given in the July 1893 number.
PUCHERAN. Contributed a series of important papers on the types of Cuvier, Lesson and Vieillot, which were indexed by Hartlaub, Journ. fur. Ornith., 1855, p. 417.
Quoy & Gaimarp. Authors of Birds in Voyages Uranie and Physicienne and of Astrolabe. [Full detail have been published by Sherborn and Woodward in the Annals Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, Vol. VII., April 1901, p. 392, and Vol. VIIL., October 1901, p. 333.
18 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
RAFINESQUE. Analyse de la Nature, 1815. See Auk, 1909, pp. 42-55. ;
Ramsay, E. P. Tab. List Austr. Birds. 1st edition received in London, December 8, 1888; 2nd edition published after July 1891.
RANZANI. Elem. di Zool. Vol. III., pt. 1m, published October 7, 1821, the date is given at end of volume. Cf. Bull. Sci. Nat. (Ferussac), Vol. I., pp. 163-165, 1824; Vol. VIL., p. 339, 1826. |
REICHENBACH. Author of numerous ornithological works, whose dates of exact publication are at present uncertain. Meyer, in his Index zu L. Reichenbach’s Ornith. Werken, 1879, does not deal with this, simply citing dates on titles which are not correct in detail. Refer to Birds Austr., Vol. VIL., p. 463, 1919.
Reichenbach, as the second volume of the Vollstand. Naturg. Vogel, issued Die neuentdeckten Vogel Neuheollands, simply a translation of the text of Gould’s Birds of Australia. Pt. 1., pp. 1-248, appeared in 1845, pt. 11, pp. 1-172, in 1847, and pt. Ur., pp. 173-368, 1850. A few emendations and errors occur. ; I reject the names in the Aviwm Syst. Nat. based on figures of heads, wings and feet as indeterminable, and in some cases, composite.
ReicHEnow. Vogel Zool. Garten, pt. 1., 1882, pp. 1-278, pref. May; pt. 2, pp. 279-456, 1-xix., 1884. In this un- expected place the author proposes a novel classification of birds.
Author of Vogel Afrikas; and part author of the Nomencl. Mus. Heine with pages dated 1882-1890, title page by Heine and Reichenow, and preface by Reichenow dated September 1890, and issued in one item after that date.
REvuE Mac. DE Zoon. Soc. Cuv. Appeared monthly, the June number appearing in the first fortnight of July and so on, though at times publication was several months late.
Ricumonp. Avian Name Recorder. Has published three Lists of generic names of birds supplementary to Waterhouse’s Index Generum Avium, determining exact dates of publication.
No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 19
(1) Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 24, pp. 663-729, May 2, 1902.
(2) 35, pp. 583-655, December ot 16, 1908. (3) 53, pp. 565-636, August
(16=) 25th, 1917. These are the most important aids to the ornithologist yet published.
Ripaway. Water Birds of North America in the Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, Vol.. XIII., Introd. dated March 31, 1884. Author of the Birds of North and Middle America issued as Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum of which 8 parts have now been issued, the last just recently in 1919 dealing with the Charadriiformes.
ROTHSCHILD. Avifauna of Laysan. Pt. 1, pp. 1-58, August 1893; pt. 2, pp. 59-126, November 1893; pt. 3, pp. 127 to end, December 1900.
Extinct Birds, published in one volume, 1907.
Co-editor of Nov. Zool., his own Journal. Monographed the family Paradiseide in Das Tierreich. ;
SaLvaporrI. Ornit. Papuasia e Moluche. .I have given details in the Birds Austr., Vol. VII., p. 463, 1919, but find that the first volume was first published in the Mem. real Accad. Sci. Torino, Ser. II., Vol. XX XIII., and though the preface is dated June 15, 1879, the title page is dated 1881 and it was received at the Brit. Mus. in August 1881, yet separate copies bear date 1880. The second and third volumes were issued separately, the Aggiunte then again being issued in parts in the Mem. Torino, for details of which see Birds Austr., Vol. VII., p. 464, 1919. Also wrote monographs on Parrots, Pigeons, Ducks, ete., in the Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.
SALVIN. Famous specialist on neotropical birds, but wrote the monograph on the Petrels in the Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.
SaunpgErs. Authority on British Birds, but wrote the monograph on Gulls and Terns in the Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.
SAvieny. Descr. de l’ Egypte. Published in 1809. See Sherborn, Proc. Zool. Soc. (Lond.), 1897, p. 285. Explanation to plates not issued until 1826, when they were edited by Audouin.
20 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
ScHLEGEL. De Dierentuim. Title page dated 1872, but issued in fifteen parts of 40 pp. each. The copy in my library has the covers bound in, but no dates appear on these. Schlegel edited Mus. des Pays-Bas, but accurate dates not yet determined.
Scuranck. Fauna Boica, Vol. I., 1798, pref. July 20, 1797; Vol. II., 1801, pref. March 12, 1801; Vol. IIL., 1803; pref. November 8, 1802.
Scopott. Annus. Hist. Nat., I., 1769; II., 1769; 1769; IV.,1770; V., 1772.
Introd. Hist. Nat., 1777.
Delic. Flore et Faun. Insubr., 1786-88.
Setsy. Author of works on British Birds, who collaborated with Jardine in the Illustrations of Ornithology, which see. Wrote the volume in the Naturalists’ Library (Jardine) dealing with Pigeons, which was published between May and August 1835, date at issue.
SEEBOHM. Famous worker on British Birds, who wrote monograph on Warblers and Thrushes in Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. and a separate monograph on Thrushes and Geog. Distribution of Charadriiformes, which appeared in parts, but which I have not traced; and, though important, dates of publication are not technically valuable.
SHARPE, R. B. Head of Bird Department of British Museum for many years. Wrote Monograph of Kingfishers, which appeared in 15 parts, pt. 1, July 1, 1868 and xiv. and xv., January 1, 1871. Dates and contents of parts given in preface. Initiated the Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., of which he wrote about half the monographs. Completed a Handlist Genera Species Birds Brit. Mus., in which no references are given, and consequently it is only a very incomplete guide to known species of birds. Sharpe published many papers in the Ibis, etc., and also important monographs; the birds in the Zooi. Coll. Alert, 1884 (pref. June 20), are important to Australians, and especially the articles in the Hist. Coll. Nat. Hist. Brit. Mus., Vol. II., 1906; where Sharpe reviewed the paintings made by Forster, Ellis and Watling dealing with Australian birds. Attention is again drawn to it, as it was not included in the Zoological Record for 1906, though it is a very important
No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 21
article. Sharpe also completed Gould’s Birds of New Guinea wherein are figured Australian Birds.
SHARPE & Wyatr. Monograph of the Hirundinde, bound up in two volumes dated 1885-1894, was published in 20 parts most irregularly as follows: Pt. 1, September 1885; pt. IL, December 1885; pts. m1. and Iv., July 1886; pts. v. and vL., June 1887; pts. vil. and vilt., May 1888; pts. rx. and x., March 1889; pts. x1. and xu1., December 1889; pts. xIII. and xiv., December 1890; pt. xv., August 1892; pts. XvI. anda xvas Decembers 1893 cand: pts. Xvill!,) xix, andy xx:, October 1894.
SHaw. Director of Zoology at the British Museum. Wrote Mus. Leverianum, published in parts; No. 1 presented to Roy. Soc., January 12, 1792; for details of which see Birds Austr., Vol. VII., pp. 466 and 476, 1919.
Zool. New Holland. See Emu, Vol. XI., pt. 1, p. 255, April 1, 1912.
Cimelia Physica, 1796. Miller’s plates with text by Shaw.
Naturalists’ Miscellany. A most important scientific work of which 287 parts appeared between August 1, 1789, and August 1813, the date of Shaw’s death. These are bound in twenty-four volumes. For dates refer to Sherborn in the Annals Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, Vol. XV., April 1895, p. 375, and J. A. Allenin the Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XX XI., p. 11, March 4, 1912. Began a General Zoology, concluded by Stephens, which see.
SHELLEY. Author of Birds of Africa, who wrote monograph of Cuckoos in Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.
SHERBORN. Compiler of the Index Animaliuwm, the most important aid to the systematist yet published. A large number of notes in the present essay are due to his initiative and assistance, and thanks are here once again tendered for his generosity in allowing me publication of some of his most interesting notes.
SHUFELDT. Famous American osteologist who has _ con- tributed papers on the Osteology of Australian Birds to the Emu, etc.
SmirH. Illus. Zool. South Africa. For details see Birds
22 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV
Austr., Vol. VII., p. 466, 1919, and Proc. Zool. Soc. (Lond.), 1880, p. 489.
SPARRMAN. Mus. Carlson. Fasc. I., pls. 1-xxv., 1786 ; fasc. II., pls. xxv1.-L., 1787; fasc. IIT., pls. L1.-Lxxv., 1788; and tascadliVes pls. Uxxvar-C5) 1789:
SoutH AUSTRALIAN ORNITHOLOGIST. See Birds Austr., Vol. VIL., p. 467, 1919.
STEINEGER. Famous American ornithologist who, with Barrows, Elliot and the editor Kingsley, wrote up the Birds, Vol. IV., of the Standard Natural History 1885, wherein ~ Stejneger proposed a very valuable and novel bird classi- fication. Issued late in 1885, refers to April in tent.
STEPHENS. Continued the General Zoology after Shaw’s death.
Vol. IX. in two parts was published August 1816
X. i a. September 1817 XI. = August 1819 XI. ie ‘ Late in 1824
XIII. : , Feb. 18th, 1826 XIV. Late in 1826;
(Acknowledged) Linn. See February 6, 1827 Stone, Witmer. Famous American aumubolonis} who con- tributed to the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., pp. 5-62, April 17, 1899, a study of type specimens in the Philadelphia collection dealing with those of Peale and Cassin. He com- pleted his task with a list of Gould’s Australian Birds in the Austral Av. Rec., Vol. I., pts. 6 and 7, February 28, 1913, an invaluable assistance to systematic ornithologists. STRICKLAND. Editor of Nomenclatural Rules, commonly known as the Stricklandian Code. Accidentally killed. Under the title Ornithological Synonyms a portion of his MS. dealing with the synonymy of the Hawks and Owls was published in 1855 under the editorship of Mrs. Strickland and Sir W. Jardine, the preface being dated September 1, 1855. Nearly thirty years later a Catalogue of the Strickland Collection of Birds was published, edited by O. Salvin, an inset being dated June 4, 1882, so that it must have appeared after that date. During his lifetime probably his most important
No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 23
publications were his criticisms of Gray’s Lists of Genera of Birds which appeared in the Annals Mag. Nat. Hist., VI., p. 410, 1840; VIL., p. 26, 1841, 159, 1841.
SUNDEVALL. Tentamen. Part 1. Introd., pp. 1.-xLvmt., and 1-72, issued August 1872. Part m. Introd., pp. xix. to end, and pp. 73 to end before June 12th, 1873. An English trans- lation by F. Nicholson issued in 1889 (preface August 1).
Swainson Fauna Boreal. Americani. Vol. II., title page 1831, but date of issue, according to Richmond, February 1832.
Classif. Birds. Pt.1., October 1, 1836; pt.u., July 1, 1837.
Birds of West Africa. Vol. I., March 8, 18373; Vol. IL., September 23, 1837.
Anim. in Menag. December 31, 1837.
Family Flycatchers (in Naturalists’ Library). May 19, 1838.
Zoological Illustrations. As far as has been ascertained by C. Davies Sherborn, the following are the particulars of issue of this complex work. The first part of the first series appeared on October 1, 1820, with 6 plates and this was succeeded monthly with similar parts for eleven months, the twelfth part having no plates but only preface, indices, etc., the preface to Vol. I. being dated September 15, 1821. The second Volume had only four plates toa part, but came out regularly, but apparently five plates were issued with the September 1821 number, which are included in this volume. Then the third Volume, begun in October 1822, had five plates to each number except the last in October 1823, which apparently had only three plates, title, prefaces, ete.
The second series was much more erratic in appearance, and the data are very incomplete; it was announced to begin on February 29, 1829, and five plates to a part; three parts were reviewed as early as April 1829, but only six seem to have been published during 1829, being reviewed in February 1830. Again only four parts, three with five plates each, and one with indices, etc., can be traced as coming out in 1830. Then regularly for the first eight months in 1831, though double numbers may have been issued if behindhand. Then a period elapsed about which we know very little, and then the preface to the final volume
24 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
(III.) is dated March 4, 1833, and this includes 40 plates, or eight parts each with five plates.
TcHIHATCHEFF. Voy. Sci. d Altai Or. Pt. 1., acknowledged B.F., September 21, 18413; pt. IL, containing a catalogue of Birds by Banna Ww ith new generic names in it, B.F., May 3, 1845.
TEMMINCK & LAvarer. Planch. Color. d@Ois. See Birds Austr., Vol. VII., p. 468 and 477. I can now add that there is a postscript dated August 30, 1836, which reads, “ In completing this 101st livraison.”
Temminck & ScuLEGEL. The Aves in Siebold’s Fauna Japonica were written up by these authors. This appeared in twelve parts as recorded by Sherborn in the Proc. Zool. Soc. (Lond.), 1895, p. 149. Additional dates are pt. m1, August 1847; pt. 1v., January 1848; pt. v., March 1848; pt. x11, April 1850.
TemmMinck, C. J. Cat. Syst. Cab. Ornith., 1807.
Manuel. 1st edition 1815, preface dated 1814. Dr. J. Dwight, New York, has a copy with two title pages, one “1814,” the other “ 1815.”
Manuel. 2nd edition. Vols. I. and II. acknowledged B.F. October 21, 1820. Vol. TITI., April 18, 1835, and Vol. IV.,; December 7, 1839. Title pages of Vol. I. sometimes October 1820, and Vol. III., April 1835, but others simply 1820-1840. There seems to have been a re-issue of Vols. IiI. and IV., and these are again recorded in the B.F. for December-19, 1840.
In the text, p. 2, to Eurylaimus in the 22nd livraison of the Planch. Color. which appeared in May 1822, 'Temminck, in a footnote, stated that the third volume should appear in the beginning of 1823, and would include a second edition of his Analyse. The third volume as above was delayed until 1835, and I have never heard of the publication of the second edition of the Analyse.
Les Pigeons, by Knip, “ dated on title page 1811, appeared in 15 livraisons, from 1807 to 1811.” Research by Sherborn has revealed the following confirming Coues’ data, Orn. Bibl., pt. 3, pp. 794-797 (Bull. U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Territ., No. 4 (September 30), 1880), to which reference should be
IN@s tle] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 25
made. As far as is known no livraison appeared earlier than 1809 in which year five were issued, covering Les Colombars, pls. 1.-x1., pp. 23-41, and Les Colombes, pls. 1.-xv1., pp. 1-49. In 1810 three livraisons with pls. x1x.-xXxxv1. and correspond- ing text with the succeeding plates of Les Colombes XXXVII.-LIx. and Les Colombi-gallines, pls. 1.-xvi. and pp. 1-30 all in 1811. In the copy in the Tweeddale Library, Natural History Depart- ment of the British Museum, pp. 23-41 as given above appear, but the signatures are erratic, 7, 8, 9, 33, 24, but in my own copy they were 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. In the Zoological Library in the same place a copy contains pp. 23-28 only, but there is a 2nd edition with pp. 23-34—-129-135, and these latter are the pages correctly numbered, 35-41 in the Tweeddale copy and have the same signatures 33-24. This amplifies the history of the elimination of certain pages, etc., by Madame Knip as detailed by Coues, and the numeration of those pages 129-135 follows that of Les Colombes, which runs from 1-128, and suggests they came out at the end of that group in error. Trans: Linn. Soc. (Lonp.). Dates are given in the Birds Austr., Vol. VII., pp. 471, 477, 1919. The one that concerns Australian ornithologists intimately is that of Vol. XV., pt. 1., which contains Vigors and Horsfield’s historic essay, and which proves to have been issued on February 17, 1827, though until quite recently quoted as 1826.
Vol. J. Pres: Roy. Soc. Nov. 24, 1791
IV. eee May 24, 1798
V. BI a Feb. 20, 1800
VI. 3 Lie ee June 5, 1802
XII. pt. 2 about July, 1819.
[Tunstauu]. Ornith. Britannica, dated 1771. Published anonymously, yet commonly accepted by workers who pretend to reject anonymous works.
UNITED States Exptorinc Expepirion. The results of this Expedition under Wilkes were published, and the birds reported upon by Titian Peale, the artist of the expedition, whose work was published in 1848. After a few copies were distributed in a legitimate manner the stock was accidentally
26 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
destroyed by fire. A second edition was prepared by John Cassin, a professed ornithologist, who rejected most of Peale’s names as synonyms, though they have since been recognised. The preface is dated May 10, 1858.
VieILLor. Analyse nour. Ornith., acknowledged B.F. April 14, 1816. Author of monographs in Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., Ency. Method., Galerie des Oiseaux, which see.
Vicors. Editor of Zool. Journal. Co-author with Horsfield
of Essay on Australian birds which appeared in Trans. Linn. Soc. (Lond.), Vol. XV., pt. 11. - Vrozc. A well-known name since first attention was drawn to it by Sherborn and Richmond in the Smithsonian Miscell. Coll. (Quarterly Issue), Vol. 47, January 31, 1905, pp. 332-347. Papers have been written by Hartert, Van Oort, Witmer Stone and myself, and the last word has rot yet been said. The sale of the collection was to be September 22, 1764, so that the pamphlet must have been published before that date. The Latin Adumbratiuncula was pre- pared by Pallas, from external evidence; but the author is anonymous, while the text of the Catalogue may be credited to Vroeg. Two years after Vroeg’s Cat. was published, Linne (Syst. Nat., ed. 12, p. 298, 1766) -quotes Turdus puniceus Pallas, adumbr. 99. (This is No 99, p. 2, Vroeg’s Cat., 1764).
Pallas, Zoogr., Vol. II., p. 199, 1827, says he described Trynga alba in Catal. Vroegiani append. adumbr. and_ this is No. 320, p. 7, in Vroeg’s Cat.
WaGLER. Syst. Avium was reviewed in Isis, October 1827, col. 864. The monograph of Parrots appeared in the Abhandl. Ak. Wissen. Munchen, Vol. I., 1832, whose preface is dated December 1832, and separates are dated 1835.
WATERHOUSE. Index Generum Avium. Preface dated August 1, 1889. <A valuable list, but no accuracy as regards dates of publication. Waterhouse’s work must be supple- mented by Richmond’s, which see.
Wuitrt. Journ. Voy. N.S.W. Title 1790, latest date on plates December 29, 1789. Reviewed in Gent’s. Mag. for
No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
bo 1
August 1790, but this may even refer to second print, for which see Birds Austr., Vol. VII., p. 472, 1919.
Witson. Illus. Zool. In nine parts, 1827-1831. Pref. April 25, 1827. Pt. 1. reviewed April-July No.; pt. 2 July- September No.; pt. 3 January-March, 1828, No. of Edinb. Philos. Journ. Four parts only by June 1828; the seventh before November 1829, and 8th and 9th before May 1831. No. 6, 1829, includes Larus jamesoni.
ZOOL. JOURN. First two volumes issued in parts according to titles, last three more or less erratically, the last part December 5, 1835, the preceding one in July 1832. See Birds Austr., Vol. VII., p. 473, 1919.
Zoou. MisceLtLANny. See Leach and Gray.
eh ret, er on
.
4 Menta sh AN Tyas gi aan
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CONTENTS. AVIAN TAXONOMY
A NAmeE-List oF THE Bigps or NEw ZEALAND
A Nameg-List oF THE Brrps oF AUSTRALIA .. ale 65
AVIAN TAXONOMY. By Grecory M. Mathews AnD Tom IREDALE.
RECENT taxonomists have failed to provide a scheme to meet with any general approval, the best known being far from faultless. American ornithologists have deferred the con- sideration of the higher avian systematics on the grounds of convenience—a plea unexpected from progressives, but one continually urged by conservative ornithologists.
It has always seemed to us that a knowledge of the relationships of the higher groups is of much more importance than the study of geographical variations of species. It is admitted that much more careful study is necessary in connec- tion with the former than with the latter, but in our opinion the difficulties only make the subject more interesting. A complication has been present in the peculiar usurpation of recent taxonomics by individuals ignorant of avian forms. We have been quite unable to appreciate the reasons for acquiescence in the unmerited dogmatism of such writers, whose inability to understand avian evolution has been disguised by the usage of barbaric terms.
Really only three taxonomists have dealt with bird classification in a scientific manner, viz., Stejneger, Sharpe
30 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
and Shufeldt, and these were more or less confused by the peculiarities proposed by their predecessors, and could not deal clearly with the matters in view. Each, however, endea- voured to improve the subject, and, as a matter of fact, the classification suggested by the last named is worthy of much consideration. The present essay is an attempt to deal broadly with the subject from the knowledge of the birds themselves, due consideration being given to the anatomy and osteology, but without deference to the views of incom- petent writers, some of whom without reason have endeavoured to dominate avian taxonomy.
As Sharpe pointed out, it is impossible adequately to express a scheme of avian classification in linear sequence. We agree to this, and consequently the most difficult task is to arrange the forms without too much disagreement. Since Sharpe’s Review of recent attempts to classify Birds, schemes by Gadow. Beddard, Shufeldt, Reichenow and Sharpe himself have been published, and, as Shufeldt remarked when he published his own, the differences are extraordinary. Shufeldt laid down laws which are worthy of repetition, and which we have always maintained, thus: ‘‘ In our efforts, too, to seek out the true relationship of birds in order to arrive at a natural classification we must take into consideration, in the broadest possible sense, their embryology, their oology and nidology ; their habits and comparative longevity, and even their various notes and songs must be given due weight . . . indeed ptilosis, pterylography and osteology stand among the most important factors at ourcommand. ... Their geographical distribution, a very important factor to be studied in their taxonomy, is to be considered not only from the view-point of the present distribution of the species of the class over the earth’s surface, but likewise a comprehension, as far as possible, of the question
as to how that distribution came about... It is extremely unsafe and dangerous to the science of this subject, however, to thus employ the osseous system alone. . . . A comparative
study of the beaks and feet ; the various characters presented on the parts of the plumage, especially as to colour, structure and style, often constitute admirable checks on a classificatory
Nos. 2 & 3.| THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 31
scheme of the class based on osteological data.’ Such con- clusions achieved by a professional osteologist are extremely valuable, and justify the proposition of a scheme formulated from a study of the factors suggested by Shufeldt, and con- firmed by anatomical and osteological data. Regarding these latter, it is worthy of emphasis that Beddard concluded that very little reliance could be placed upon any internal features on account of the variation, and that, accurately speaking, there were no characters upon which special stress could be laid with any security.
Probably the most scathing condemnation of the worker who is responsible for so much confusion in bird classification proceeded from one of his mentors: ‘Common sense revolts at the acceptance of any scheme which involves so many incongruities”’; and again: “ This view was virtually aban- doned by him (the author of these incongruous ideas) within little more than twelve months ; but that fact has not hindered some writers from continuing to use these terms as if they had any taxonomic signification.”
We had written before seeing that note: “ It is displeasing to record that avian systematists have continued the accept- ance without criticism of the incongruous items, many of which were almost immediately abandoned by their introducer.”’
Why avian systematics should be considered incapable of comprehension by the normal student we are unable to under- stand. It is admitted that the morphology of birds must be considered in connection with their classification, but we want to emphasise the fact that it is absolutely impossible to frame a scheme upon morphological characters alone, and that only a full consideration of superficial features complemented by anatomical details will prove successful. There is as much, or even more, convergence in the latter as in the former. The serious student will note that only in the cases which have puzzled him has anatomy been successful in assistance, but when the puzzle was very complete anatomy has failed just as absolutely. Ornithologists have as much valid material to deal with as ornithotomists. Thus the division of birds into Carinate and Ratite is indefensible, from any point of view,
32 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
~ while Neognathe and Palewognathe are just as futile terms. Consideration of the living forms has led us to accept three divisions, viz., Dromcornithes, Impennes and Huornithes, as being a reasonable compromise, though we anticipate the absolute rejection of the first named and their dispersal among the Euornithes at a later stage; but we cannot see where the Impennes can be placed with any degree of Se rAQuiem, as they differ in toto from all other existing birds.
Before proceeding further we must state that we are omitting from this classification the fossil forms, as we are quite unable to place them with any degree of accuracy in connection with living species. We absolutely disagree with those who would not study them at all in conjunction with recent forms, but we cannot see enough data to determine any near relationships. Probably each fossil represents an order, as these are used to-day, while the characters of such fossils as are well known are least useful. We recognise that an Avian “ Order” is a group of little value in comparison with a Mammalian or Reptilian “ Order,” but the elimination of order and supersession by supersuborder does not attract us. Neither does suborder and superfamily avail us much if these be used in the same manner. We here propose a series of Orders, few in number, but divided into many suborders (these being what have been sometimes termed Orders) and in a few cases superfamilies are noted. As a matter of fact to the specialist the more divisions the easier the work, and the more exact the application thereof.
Thus in the subclass Dromezornithes the generally ranked Orders Struthiones, Rhee and Casuarii are retained by us, the last named being divided into two families, the Casuariidze and Dromiceiide.
The subclass Impennes covers one Order, Sphenisci, which may be divided into two families, the Spheniscide and Aptenodytide. We regard this series as ranging from Eudyptula through Spheniscus in one direction and by means of Hudyptes into Megadyptes in the other. In the other family we place Pygoscelis below Aptenodytes, and in so doing find we are in agreement with both ornithotomists and ornithologists.
Nos. 2 & 3.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 33
We have instanced this case in detail, but do not propose to go into such in connection with the succeeding orders.
In the Euornithes we begin with the Procellarii or Tubinares and admit only one suborder, Procellariiformes, divisible into four families, Thalassidromide, Procellariidze, Pelecanoididz and Diomedeidz. It would be a good system to amalgamate the three first named into a superfamily, Procellarioidea, and contrast the latter as a superfamily, Diomedeoidea. The latter better represents the value of the divisions, as we cannot yet give them subordinal distinction.
As a distinct Order we must separate the Fregati, and we place these next, as they show structural characters recalling those of the previous family, and, moreover, these are confirmed by internal features, and all investigators are agreed as to the anomalous position these held when included in the Steganopodes. We restrict the latter to those members left when the Fregati and Phaéthonti are removed ; and, admitting that only one suborder is necessary, would still differentiate the groups as being above family rank, and therefore recognise three superfamilies, Phalacrocoracoidea, Pelecanoidea and Suloidea. Two families are included in the first named, the Phalacrocoracide and Anhingide, while the others cover but one each.
The Order now following, the Lari or Limicole, is an amal- gamation of several suborders, Phaéthontiformes, Lariformes, Alciformes, Colymbiformes, Chionidiformes, Charadriiformes and Otidiformes. The first named is, according to our judg- ment, more closely related to the Lariformes and seems a derivative from the ancestors of the Sternide series. On account of its “‘ steganopod ” character we place it at the foot of the Lariform group, succeeding with the Lariformes s. sir., with their usual four families, Sternide, Rynchopide, Laridee and Stercorariide. The difficulty of arrangement is felt throughout the whole of this series as we trace the evolution of many groups in different directions ; as here we can follow the Sternidee into the Rynchopide, which must be recognised as highly specialised, yet from their peculiar distribution, a very oldform. Again, from their structure, the Stercorariidz
34 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
must have departed early from the Larine stem, but since then peculiar forms have developed, while the extraordinary Arctic—Antarctic distribution, agreeing with other Lariform groups, is not otherwise met with.
The Alciformes naturally follow the Lariformes, but hitherto the Colymbiformes have not been added, though a few taxono- mists have noted their Alciform relationship. There can be little argument as to the reality of this alliance, but the Podicipes have no place here. There seems no real reason for the common association of the Colymbi and Podicipes, their morphology denying any near phylogenetic relation. To follow the Colymbiformes we place the anomalous Chionidi- formes, including therein the Dromadide and Chionidide. Their Lari-Charadriiform character is fully proved by the osteological and other features, which have been so fully described recently.
The suborder Charadriiformes we have divided into six superfamilies, the first being the Burhinoidea, for the family Burhinide alone. This group recalls in many ways the Lariform series, while it differs morphologically from the Charadriiform s. str. series though not to such a degree as some workers decide, the differential features being exag- gerated and misunderstood.
The superfamily Scolopacoidea covers three families, Scolo- pacide, Phalaropide and Recurvirostride. The first named is certainly divisible into subfamilies, probably more than three in number, and their interrelation is not yet determined. The Phalaropidz seem to us to have developed independently from three Scolopacoid forms, while the Recurvirostridz just as surely appear to have arisen from the same basis through specialisation in another manner. Arriving at the superfamily Charadrioidea, we admit four families, Hematopodide, Arenariide, Charadriide and Vanellide. The two _ first families consist of small isolated groups, not very closely related to each other or to the succeeding family, the Chara- driide, which includes the bulk of the superfamily. More than one subfamily will be recognised later in the Charadriide, and from one section we can trace the Vanellide, which is
Nos.2 & 3.) THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 35
one of the best marked families of birds. Osteologically, the members of the latter show a nearer approach to the Lariform series than to their nearer allies in this system. By specialisa- tion in two very opposite directions from the Vanelloid root the superfamilies Jacanoidea and Glareoloidea have evolved, and these complete the recent Charadriiformes. We include as the last suborder the Otidiformes, but some systematists have concluded these would be better placed in the Gruiform assemblage. This is an item which requires great judgment, and in this essay we follow immediately with the Order Psophii or Grues, so that its location is agreeable to either view.
The Order Psophii is subdivided into three suborders, Cariamiformes, Psophiiformes and Kurypygiformes, an asso- ciation which is probably the least natural of all the group- ings utilised.. This is a good example of the failure of the ornithotomist to supply any solution when the superficial student desires assistance. Probably a much more natural sequence will be provided by a more thorough study of the superficies of the birds, using the term in its widest sense.
As an order we admit Ralli, comprising three suborders, Ralliformes, Heliornithiformes and Podicipiformes. The Ralline character of the last named is evident from the fact that ornithotomists have declared a difficulty in distinguishing the skeletal features as regards the skulls of the smaller species. As many morphological workers have combined the Grues and Ralli into one group, our classification cannot be much discussed, the association here allowed differing very little from most other results—the introduction of the Podicipiformes, which we have separated entirely from the Colymbiformes, being the only novel item. We follow with the Order Apteryges, a very distinct group which we consider is certainly of Ralline affinity, and cannot be placed near the “ Ratite ” for any reason. A consideration of their morphology denies any “ Ratite” relationship, while admitting the heterogeneous nature of that group. The Order Tinami succeeds, leading to the Galli, the Tinami showing to us undoubted Galline and Ralline relations, no “‘ Ratite”’ alliance being indicated. As members of the Order Galli we indicate five suborders,
36 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Opisthocomiformes, Craciformes, Galliformes, Turniciformes and Attagidiformes. Here, again, morphological study has complicated the classification through the incompetence of the workers to comprehend osteological and anatomical varia- tion. Thus Opisthocomus is purely an old associate of the Craciformes, and in any scheme whatever it must be placed alongside. Similarly, the Turniciformes and Attagidiformes are near relations of the Galliformes, having developed a little in different directions, but certainly neither have the former any close Ralline affinity nor the latter a Charadriine relationship. To place the Attagidiformes with the Chionidiformes among the Lari is a peculiarly unscientific proceeding, and every morphological item denies this association. The suborder Galliformes we have separated into two subfamilies, the Megapodioidea and the Phasianoidea, the former with one family only, the latter divisible into six families. Between the Galli and the Columbe as usual appear the Syrrhaptes, and the Columb include the Columbiformes and Raphiformes. At this point there is a hiatus just as in every other system, and we have been unable to bridge it, as next come the Anates, which covers the Anatiformes and the Anhimiformes, a combination which has been accepted for over fifty years without question ; but still it may not be incontrovertible. The Pheenicopteri must be regarded as of ordinal value, as they combine a generalised Anatine form with many features of Ardeine affinity. They constitute one of the best marked groups, superficially and internally, and their relegation to any other group in a subordinate degree would imply complete ignorance of avian evolution. Their fossil remains confirm their early divergence from the forms named. The next order, Herodiones, has given trouble on account of the generalised nature of the few species, and though we have simply recognised six families, these have been given various rank up to ordinal, and the chief trouble is that we know too much about their morphology, and the characters vary in each form, so that “* preconceived ideas ”’ as to the value of the items have been destroyed. The succeeding order, Falcones, is a more trouble- some one still, as here again specialisation has taken place on
Nos. 2 & 3.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 37
similar lines, and superficial likenesses are supposed to cover divergent morphological structures. So far, anatomists have been quite unable to determine the relationships of the groups, and all classications are debatable. We admit two suborders, Vulturiformes and Falconiformes, the latter divisible into two superfamilies, Sagittarioidea and Falconoidea. Seven families comprise the latter, but probably three divisions are here represented. The relationship of the Striges to the Falcones has been much disputed by the morphologist, who would interpose the Psittaci, but as he would also amalgamate the Cuculi with the Psittaci, we are not accepting that scheme. We therefore add the Order Striges after the Falcones, admit- ting the three families, Strigidz, Phodilide and Tytonide, and then come to the Order Psittaci. This order is in a similar state to the Falcones, all the forms entering one suborder with six superfamilies, Strigopoidea, Psittacoidea, etc.; the suborder being represented by sixteen families. As a separate order we recognise the Cuculi, two superfamilies being admitted, the true Cuculoidea covering four families, Cuculide, Eudy- namytide, Scytbropidz and Polophilide. It is probable that other families can be distinguished, as these are well marked and just as easily characterised morphologically as they can be superficially determined.
The disposition of the “ Coraciine ”’ birds is a problem which dismays every taxonomist, though the sequence of the groups is not much disputed. The value of the observed differences, internal as well as external, cannot be correctly estimated in terms of the preceding groupings. The Pico-Passeriformes are together scarcely equal in value to one of the preceding orders, but the number of species demands detailed segregation, and we have no names for the groups to be distinguished. Consequently we now appreciate a family to the equivalent of an order, and the subdivisions are termed with the same names downwards, but it must be borne in mind that these are not equivalent. Remembering this all the time, we can divide the “ Pico-Passerines”’ into seven “ orders.” The Coracie comprises three superfamilies, the Podargoidea, Coracioidea and Colioidea ; the former contains three families,
38 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
the Steatornithide, Podargide and Atgothelide. The next order, the Halcyones, is divided into six superfamilies, Mero- poidea, Todoidea, Momotoidea, Alcedinoidea, Bucerotoidea and Upupoidea, the last named and the Alcedinoidea having two families, and the remaining with only one. The order Pici includes four superfamilies, Bucconoidea, Ramphastoidea, Capitonoidea and Picoidea. As a separate order we allow the Trogoni, while into the order Macrochires three suborders, Caprimulgiformes, Micropodiformes and Trochiliformes are amalgamated. We are inclined to agree that the last named are not accurately located, but are unable to provide a better disposition at present.
The order Menure here intervenes, and this we are convinced is not its proper place, and would indicate this location as one of the ornithotomists’ worst blunders. We hope to amend this particular error at some later period.
The last order, Passeres, is the most compact, but neverthe- less the most numerous in species, and consequently desiring the most subdivision. As pointed out above, this “ order” is practically the equivalent of a family, as that degree is used, until we arrive at this complex, and that is the value given it by ornithotomists attempting logically to subdivide the Aves into groups of equal value.
In deference to the ornithotomists six superfamilies are admitted, Eurylemoidea, Cotingoidea, Formicarioidea, Pitt- oidea, Atrichornithoidea and Passeroidea, but a more arti- ficial and unnatural grouping could not have been devised by any ornithologist, as the basis of these superfamilies is unsound. The association of a series of dissimilar birds on account of the degradation of a single internal organ, espe- cially as it is accompanied by geographical circumscription, is just as unscientific as the conjunction of species, having discontinuous range and distinctly different facies, also for reason of one disused internal feature.
The superfamily Passeroidea has always been productive of subdivision and the chief tendency at present is to separate further. Without attempting to rectify or add much at this time, we total nearly sixty families. It is very difficult to re-
Nos. 2 & 3.| THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 39
group these into a less number, though this is necessary, and we conclude that only by means of utilising coloration can this succeed. Again, coloration cannot be considered without study of plumage changes, and recognition of variation in connection with the evolution of coloration in different groups. This has already been suggested in connection with the Turdide, but only in a preliminary and vague manner. The pterylosis and development of the feathering in the nestling of Passerines must be studied, especial attention being given to convergence. It is possible that by this means we could determine a more or less acceptable linear sequence, which at present is non- existent. Thus, the sequence given hereafter is based upon the fact that the Corvide represent the highest degree, a very debatable item. It may be suggested here that there can be no family deserving of such distinction, as several families may have developed equally, as in other groups, in different manners, each of which would be equally representative of a high state of development. Thus, one factor that has been put forward is the uniform coloration of nestling and adult of both sexes ; this can be seen evolving in one family alone, in which the nestling to the male shows four plumage changes in one species, and in another the intervening changes have lapsed and the nestling takes on that of the adult almost in the first plumage. Similarly, species with booted tarsi in the adult show a scutellate acrotarsium in the nestling, and so forth.
In the preparation of this scheme we have provided our own conclusions without deference to any previous authorities. Upon completion we contrasted it in detail with the better known propositions and have been surprised to see that the bulk of the groups coincide, and consequently very little objection can be made to the majority.
As to the fossil forms, we have not attempted to incorporate these in this system, as the majority of them cannot be deter- mined, and it is probable that most should be classed on a distinct plane, as has been already suggested. ‘To quote even their names and the location suggested by systematists would occupy a lot of space without much benefit. It will be noted that in this preliminary survey we have not introduced a mass
40 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
of technical terms relative to the morphology, the majority of which are little understood even by the specialist, and the comparative value of the ones utilised has never been calculated.
To diagnose groups by means of such variable items as the muscle formula, the presence or absence of basi-pterygoid processes, the oil gland and the nature of the syrinx implies the absence of any “‘ deep-seated ”’ characters, at least of any stability. It is not our intention to disparage morphological items, but to assert that such are not yet sufficiently under- stood to be relied upon for the differentiation of groups, except in a confirmatory manner. The external features, especially the growth stages, must be fully appraised, and in doubtful cases reference made to anatomical features.
As above noted, this is our first attempt at providing a work- able classification of avine forms, and we hope that later we may, utilising this as a basis, prepare a diagnostic complement, as such is non-existent at the present time, and we have been compelled to refer to much scattered (and contradictory) literature, while little has been done in many directions.
Cuass AVES
Subclass Dromezeornithes
Order Struthiones Suborder Struthioniformes Family Struthionide Order Rhez Suborder Rheiformes Family Rheide Order Casuarii Suborder Casuariiformes Family Dromiceiide Casuariidee
Subclass Impennes Order Sphenisci Suborder Sphenisciformes Family Spheniscide Aptenodytidee
Nos 2&3.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
Subclass Euornithes Order Procellarize or Tubinares Suborder Procellariiformes Superfamily Procellarioidea Family Thalassidromide Procellariidee Pelecanoididee Superfamily Diomedeoidea Family Diomedeidee Order Fregati Suborder Fregatiformes Family Fregatidee Order Pelecani or Steganopodes Suborder Pelecaniformes Superfamily Phalacrocoracoidea Family Phalacrocoracide Anhingidz (=Plotide olim) Superfamily Pelecanoidea Family Pelecanide Superfamily Suloidea Family Sulide Order Lari or Limicolez Suborder Phaéthontiformes Family Phaé hontidee Suborder Lariformes Family Sternide Rynchopide Laridee Stercorariidee Suborder Alciformes Family Alcidee Suborder Colymbiformes Family Colymbide Suborder Chionidiformes Family Dromadide Chionididee Suborder Charadriiformes Superfamily Burhinoidea Family Burhinide (—(idicnemide olim)
42 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Superfamily Scolopacoidea Family Rostratulidee Scolopacidee Phalaropidee Recurvirostride Superfamily Charadrioidea Family Hematopodide Arenariide Charadriidee Vanellidee Superfamily Jacanoidea Family Jacanide (=Parride olim) Superfamily Glareoloidea Family Glareolidee Suborder Otidiformes Family Otidide Order Psophii or Grues Suborder Cariamiformes Family Cariamide Suborder Psophiiformes Family Psophiidee Balearicide (—Gruide olim) Suborder Eurypygiformes Superfamily Eurypygoidea Family Kurypygide Superfamily Rhinochetoidea Family Rhinochetide Superfamily Mesitoidea Family Mesitidee Order Ralli Suborder Ralliformes Family Rallidee Gallinulidee Fulicidee Suborder Heliornithiformes Family Heliornithide Suborder Podicipiformes Family Podicipide
Nos. 2 & 3.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
Order Apteryges Suborder Apterygiformes Family Apterygide Order Tinami Suborder Tinamiformes Family Tinamidee Order Galli Suborder Opisthocomiformes Family Opisthocomide Suborder Craciformes Family Cracidee Suborder Galliformes Superfamily Megapodioidea Family Megapodiidee Superfamily Phasianoidea Family Meleagridide Numididee Tetraonidee Phasianidee Perdicide Odontophoridee Suborder Turniciformes Family Turnicide Pedionomidee Suborder Attagidiformes Family Attagide Thinocoridee Order Syrrhaptes Suborder Syrrhaptiformes Family Syrrhaptide Order Columbee Suborder Columbiformes Family Columbidee Turturide (=Peristeride olim) Treronidze Microgouridee Gouridee Didunculidee
44 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD __. [Vol. IV.
Suborder Raphiformes Family Raphidee Order Anates or Chenomorphe Suborder Anatiformes Family Cereopsidee Plectropteridee Anseranatidee Anatidee Suborder Anhimiformes Family Anhimide (=—Palamedeide olim) Order Pheenicopteri or Amphimorphe Suborder Phcenicopteriformes Family Phcenicopteride Order Herodiones Suborder Ardeiformes Family Ardeidee
Scopidee
Ciconidee
Baleenicipitidee
Plegadide (=TIbidide olim) Plataleidee
Order Falcones Suborder Vulturiformes Family Vulturide (=Cathartide olim) Suborder Falconiformes Superfamily Sagittarioidea Family Sagittariide (—Serpentariide olim) Superfamily Falconoidea Family Polyboride
Herpetotheridee
Micrasturide
Aigypiide (=Vulturide olim) Falconidze
Aquilide (=Buteonide olim) Pandionidee
Order Striges Suborder Strigiformes Family Strigide (=Bubonide olim)
Nos.2&3.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
Family Phodilidee Tytonide (=Strigide olim) Order Psittaci Suborder Psittaciformes Superfamily Strigopoidea Family Strigopide Superfamily Psittaculoidea Family Pezoporidee Platycercidee Polytelitidee
Psittaculida (=Paleornithide olim)
Leptolophide Superfamily Psittacoidea Family Psittacide Loriide Nestoridee Amazonide Superfamily Aroidea Family Aridee Superfamily Kakatoéoidea Family Kakatoéidee Probiscigeridee Superfamily Trichoglossoidea Family Nasiternidee Opopsittidze Trichoglossidee Order Cuculi Suborder Cuculiformes Superfamily Cuculoidea Family Cuculidee Eudynamytidee Scythropidee Polophilidee Superfamily Musophagoidea Family Musophagide Order Coracize Suberder Coraciiformes Superfamily Podargoidea
45
46 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol.
Family Steatornithide Podargidee Egothelide Superfamily Coracioidea Family Coraciide Leptosomatidee Superfamily Colioidea Family Coliide Order Halcyones Suborder Alcediniformes Superfamily Meropoidea Family Meropide Superfamily Todoidea Family Todidee Superfamily Momotoidea Family Momotidee Superfamily Alcedinoidea Family Alcedinide Dacelonidee Superfamily Bucerotoidea Family Bucerotidee Superfamily Upupoidea Family Upupidee Pheeniculide =TIrrisoride olim Order Pici Suborder Piciformes Superfamily Bucconoidea Family Bucconidee Galbulidee Superfamily Ramphastoidea Family Ramphastide Superfamily Capitonoidea Family Capitonidz Indicatoridee Superfamily Picoidea Family Picidee Tyngidee
IV.
Nos. 2 & 3.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
Order Trogoni Suborder Trogoniformes Family Trogonide Order Macrochires Suborder Caprimulgiformes Family Caprimulgidee Chordeilidee Nyctibiidee Suborder Micropodiformes Family Micropodide Hemiprocnide Suborder Trochiliformes Family Trochilidee Order Menurze Suborder Menuriformes Family Menuride Order Passeres Suborder Passeriformes Superfamily Eurylemoidea Family Eurylemide Superfamily Cotingoidea Family Cotingidee Phytotomidee Pipridze Oxyruncidee Tyrannidee Superfamily Formicarioidea Family Formicariide Furnariidee Xenopidee Dendrocolaptide Synallaxidee Pteroptochidze Conopophagide Superfamily Pittoidea Family Pittidee Philepittidee Acanthisittidee Xenicidee
47
THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD . [Vol. IV.
Superfamily Atrichornithoidea Family Atrichornithide Superfamily Passeroidea
Family Hirundinide, Muscicapide, Campo- phagide, Sphecotheride, Turnagride. Pycnonotide, Irenide, Turdoidide, Orthonycidee (=Timeliide olim pt.). Bowdleriide, Troglodytide, Cinclide, Mimidee, Zeledoniide, Turdidz, Sylvide (inc. Regulide ), Vireonide, Ptilogonatide, Dulide, Bombycillide = Ampelide olim, Artamide, Vangide, Prionopide, Aéro- charide, Cracticide, Falcunculide, Lani- ide, Tylidee, Paride, Chameidz, Spheno- stomide, Sittide, Certhiide, Zosterop- ide, Pardalotide, Diceide, Nectariniide, Promeropide, Meliphagide, Mniotiltide, (= Compsothlypide Oberholser) Drep- anide, Motacillide, Alaudide, Catambly- rhynchide, Fringillide, Coerebide, Terside = Procniatide olim, Tangaride = Tanagride olim, Ploceide, Icteride, Heteralochide, Creadiontide, Sturnide, Graculide = Eulabetide olim, Paramy- thiide, Buphagide, Oriolide, Dicruride, Paradiseidz, Ptilonorhynchide, Calleea- did, Corvidee
Nos. 2&3.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 49
A NAME-LIST OF THE BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND. By Gregory M. MatHews AND Tom I[REDALE.
WE provided in the Ibis for 1913 a Reference List, and in that List we rejected the Brissonian genera; those genera have since been recognised as valid by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. We utilise them here, though pointing out that their recognition has recently been again questioned. In that List also the classification was arranged according to Sharpe’s Hand List, and we now take the oppor- tunity of correcting the former effort, while rearranging the groups in accordance with our preceding essay.
We have included all the visiting species, as there is a lot of work to be done in this connection, and place against those which have only occurred three times or less an asterisk to attract attention, but we have not starred any Petrels.
We are preparing a Handbook, dealing systematically with all the species, and we will include details of the higher groups in plain language, accompanied by good figures elucidating the differential points. Upon calculation we find that 211 species names are included in the List, and of these no fewer than thirty-six have only occurred three times or less. In addition, a minority, but still an appreciable number, only breed on the subtropical and sub-antarctic outliers of the Dominion, while again only thirty-two Passeriform species are included, of which four are island forms. These figures are given simply to show the extraordinary lack of bird-life, which has for its only compensation the peculiar nature of the existing forms.
Crass AVES Subclass Impennes Order Sphenisci Suborder Sphenisciformes Family Spheniscide. Thick-billed Penguins
Eudyptula minor (Forster 1781, Aptenodytes)
Little Blue Penguin Eudyptula albosignata Finsch, 1874
Silver Penguin
50 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV
Eudyptes pachyrhynchus Gray 1845 Victoria Penguin Hudyptes sclatert Buller 1888 Big-crested Penguin Eudyptes serresianus (Oustalet 1878, Hudyptula) Tufted Penguin Kudyptes schlegeli Finsch 1876 Macaroni Penguin Megady ptes antipodes (Hombron & Jacquinot 1841, Catarrhactes) Yellow-crowned Penguin Family Aptenodytide. Thin-billed Penguins Pygoscelis papua (Forster 1781, Aptenodytes) Rock-Hopper Aptenodytes patagonica Miller 1778 King Penguin
Subclass Euornithes
Order Procellarize or Tubinares Suborder Procellariiformes Superfamily Procellarioidea Family Thalassidromide. Storm-Petrels Oceanites oceanicus (Kuhl 1820, Procellaria) Yellow-webbed Storm-Petrel Garrodia nereis (Gould 1841, Thalassidroma) Grey-backed Storm-Petrel Pealea lineata (Peale 1848, T'halassidroma) Samoan Storm-Petrel Pelagodroma marina (Latham 1790, Procellaria) White-faced Storm-Petrel Fregetta tropica (Gould 1844, Thalassidroma) Black-bellied Storm-Petrel Family Procellariide. Shearwaters and Petrels Puffinus assimilis Gould 1838 Allied Shearwater Reinholdia reinholdi (Mathews 1912, Puffinus) Brown-backed Shearwater Thyellodroma bulleri (Salvin 1888, Puffinus) Ashy-backed Shearwater
Nos. 2 & 3.]| THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 51
Thyellodroma pacifica (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria) Wedge-tailed Shearwater
Neonectris griseus (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria) Sooty Shearwater or Mutton Bird
Neonectris tenuirosiris (Temm. & Laug. 1835, Procellaria) Short-tailed Shearwater
Hemipuffinus carneipes (Gould 1844, Puffinus) Fleshy-footed Shearwater
Procellaria parkinsont Gray 1862 Black Peitrel
Procellaria cequinoctialis Linné 1758 White-chinned Petrel
Adamastor cinereus (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria) Brown Petrel
Priocella antarctica (Stephens 1826, Fulmarus) Silver-Grey Petrel
Pterodroma macroptera (Smith 1840, Procellaria) Grey-faced Petrel
Pterodroma neglecta (Schlegel 1863, Procellaria) Kermadec Petrel __
Pterodroma externa (Salvin 1875, Oestrelata) Sunday Island Petrel
Pterodroma inexpectata (Forster 1844, Procellaria) Mottled Petrel
Pterodroma oliveri (Mathews and Iredale 1914, Mstrelata) Small-billed Petrel
Aistrelata lessonit (Garnot 1826, Procellaria) | White-headed Petrel
Cookilaria cookii (Gray 1843, Procellaria) White-winged Petrel
Petrella capensis (Linné 1758, Procellaria) Spotted Petrel
Thalassoica antarctica (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria) Antarctic Petrel
Halobena cerulea (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria) Blue Petrel
Heteroprion belcheri Mathews 1912. Thin-billed Prion
52 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
Heteroprion desolatus (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria) Dove Prion
Pseudoprion turtur (Kuhl 1820, Procellaria) Fairy Prion
Pachyptila vittata (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria) Broad-billed Prion
Macronectes giganteus (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria) Giant Petrel
Family Pelecanoidide. Diving Petrels
Pelecanoides urinatrix (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria)
Diving Petrel Superfamily Diomedeoidea
Family Diomedeide. Albatrosses
Phebetria fusca (Hilsenberg 1822, Diomedea) Sooty Albatross
Phebetria palpebrata (Forster 1785, Diomedea) Light-mantled Sooty Albatross
Thalassarche melanophris (Temm. & Laug. 1828, Diomedea)
Black-browed Mollymawk Thalassarche bulleri (Rothschild 1893, Diomedea) Snares Island Mollymawk Thalassarche chrysostoma (Forster 1785, Diomedea) Flat-billed Mollymawk
[ Vol
Thalassarche chlororhynchus (Gmelin 1789, Diomedea)
Yellow-nosed Mollymawk Diomedella cauta (Gould 1841, Diomedea) Bounty Island Mollymawk Diomedea exulans Linné 1758 Wandering Albatross Diomedea epomophora Lesson 1825 Royal Albatross Diomedea chionoptera Salvin 1896 Snowy Albatross
Order Fregati Suborder Fregatiformes Family Fregatide. Frigate Birds *Fregata minor (Gmelin 1789, Pelecanus) Frigate Bird
IV.
Nos. 2 & 3.]| THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 53
*Fregata ariel (Gray 1845, Atagen) Lesser Frigate Bird
Order Pelecani Suborder Pelecaniformes Superfamily Phalacrocoracoidea Family Phalacrocoracide. Cormorants or Shags Hypoleucus varius (Gmelin 1789, Pelecanus) Pied Shag Hypoleucus carunculatus (Gmelin 1789, Pelecanus) Rough-faced Shag Hypoleucus campbelli (Filhol 1878, Urile) Campbell Island Shag Hypoleucus chalconotus (Gray 1845, Graculus) Bronze Shag Stictocarbo punctatus (Sparrman 1786, Pelecanus) Spotted Shag Stictocarbo featherstoni (Buller 1873, Phalacrocor x) Chatham Islands Shag Mesocarbo ater (Lesson 1831, Carbo) Little Black Shag Microcarbo brevirostris (Gould 1837, Phalacrocorax) White-throated Shag Phalacrocorax carbo (Linné 1758, Pelecanus) Black Shag Family Anhingide. Darters *Anhinga novehollandice (Gould 1847, Plotus) Australian Darter Superfamily Pelecanoidea Family Pelecanide. Pelicans *Catoptropelicanus consprcillatus (Temm. & Laug. 1824, Pelecanus) Australian Pelican Superfamily Suloidea Family Sulide. Gannets *Sula leucogaster (Boddaert 1783, Pelecanus) Brown Gannet Parasula dactylatra (Lesson 1831, Sula) Masked Gannet
54 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
Sulita serrator (Gray 1845, Sula) Gannet
Order Lari Suborder Phaéthontiformes Family Phaéthontide. Tropic Birds Sceophaéthon rubricauda (Boddaert 1783, Phaéton) Red-tailed Tropic Bird Suborder Lariformes Family Sternide. Terns and Noddies *Chlidonias leucoptera (Temminck 1815, Sterna) White-winged Tern Chlidonias albistriata (Gray 1845, Hydrochelidon) Black-fronted Tern Sterna striata Gmelin 1789 White-fronted Tern Sterna vittata Gmelin 1789 Sub-antaretic Tern Sternula nereis Gould 1843 Fairy Tern *Thalasseus bergw (Lichtenstein 1823, Sterna) Crested Tern Hydroprogne caspia (Pallas 1770, Sterna) Caspian Tern Onychoprion fuscatus (Linné 1766, Sterna) Sooty Tern Procelsterna cerulea (Bennett 1840, Sterna) Little Grey Noddy Megalopterus minutus (Boie 1844, Anous) White-capped Noddy *Anous stolidus (Linné 1758, Sterna) Noddy Leucanous albus (Sparrman 1786, Sterna) White Tern Family Laride. Gulls Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein 1823 Black-backed Gull Bruchigavia novehollandie (Stephens 1826, Larus) Red-billed Gull
[Vol. IV.
Nos.2 & 3.; THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 55
Bruchigavia melanorhyncha Buller 1869 Black-billed Guill Family Stercorariide. Skuas Catharacta lonnbergi Mathews 1912 Great Skua *Catharacta maccormicki (Saunders 1893, Stercorarius) . South Polar Skua *Stercorarius parasiticus (Linné 1758, Larus) Arctic Skua
Suborder Charadriiformes Superfamily Scolopacoidea Family Scolopacidz. Snipe, Sandpipers, etc.
Cenocorypha aucklandica (Gray 1845, Gallinago) - Semi-W oodcock
*Ditelmatias hardwickii (Gray 1831, Scolopax) Australian Snipe
Canutus canutus (Linné 1758, Tringa) Knot
*Hrolia ferruginea (Brunnich 1764, Tringa) Curlew Sandpiper
LIimnocinclus acuminatus (Horsfield 1821, Totanus) Sharp-tailed Stint
*Pisobia ruficollis (Pallas 1776, Trynga) Red-necked Stint
*Glottis nebularius (Gunnerus 1767, Scolopax) Greenshank
*Heteractitis incanus (Gmelin 1789, Scolopax) Grey Sandpiper
Vetola lapponica (Linné 1758, Scolopax) Godwit
*Vetola hemastica (Linné 1758, Scolopaa) American Godwit
* Mesoscolopax minutus (Gould 1841, Nwmenius) Little Whimbrel
* Pheopus pheopus (Linné 1758, Scolopax) Australian Whimbrel
56 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Numenius cyanopus Vieillot 1817 Australian Curlew Family Phalaropide. Phalaropes *Phalaropus fulicarius (Linné 1758, Tringa) Grey Phalarope Family Recurvirostride. Avocets and Stilts Himantopus leucocephalus Gould 1837. Stilt. Himantopus novezealandic: Gould 1841 ; Black Stilt *Recurvirostra novehollandic Vieillot 1816 Red-necked Avocet Superfamily Charadrioidea Family Hematopodide. Oystercatchers Hematopus ostralegus Linné 1758 Oystercatcher Hamatopus unicolor Forster 1844 Black Oystercatcher Family Arenariide. Turnstones Arenaria interpres (Linné 1758, Tringa) Turnstone Family Charadriide. Plovers Pluvialis dominicus (Miller 1776, Charadrius) Lesser Golden Plover Pluviorhynchus obscurus (Gmelin 1789, Charadrius) Dotterel Cirrepidesmus bicinctus (Jardine & Selby 1827, Charadrius) Double-banded Dotterel *Leucopolius ruficapillus (Temm. & Laug. 1821, Charadrius) Red-capped Dotterel Anarhynchus frontalis Quoy and Gaimard 1830 Wry-billed Plover *Hupodella vereda (Gould 1848, Charadrius) Oriental Dotterel Thinornis noveseelandice (Gmelin 1789, Charadrius) Shore Plover Family Vanellide. Wattled Plovers
Nos.2 & 3.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
*Lobibyx novehollandie (Stephens 1819, Vanellus) Spur-winged Plover Superfamily Glareoloidea Family Glareolide. Pratincoles and Coursers *Stiltia isabella (Vieillot 1816, Glareola) Australian Pratincole
Order Ralli.
Suborder Ralliformes Family Rallide. Rails Rallus muellerti Rothschild 1893 Auckland Islands Rail Cabalus modestus (Hutton 1872, Rallus) Little Chatham Islands Rail Hypotenidia philippensis (Linné 1766, Rallus) Buff-banded Rail Nesolimnas dieffenbachit (Gray 1843, Rallus) Chatham Islands Rail Gallirallus australis (Sparrman 1786, Rallus) Brown Woodhen Gallirallus brachypterus Lafresnaye 1841 Black Woodhen Gallirallus hectori (Hutton 1874, Ocydromus) Woodhen or Weka *Orex crex (Linné 1758, Rallus) Corncrake Zapornia pusilla (Pallas 1776, Rallus) Marsh Rail. Porzanoidea plumbea (Griffith and Pidgeon “ 1829,” Crex) Swamp Rail Family Gallinulide. Gallinules Porphyrio melanotus Temminck 1820 Swamp Hen Mantellornis hochstetterc (Meyer 1883, Notornis) Takahe Family Fulicide. Coots *Fulica atra Linné 1758 Coot
58 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Suborder Podicipiformes _ Family Podicipide. Grebes Podiceps cristatus (Linné 1758, Colymbus) Great Crested Grebe Poliocephalus rufopectus (Gray 1843, Podiceps) Dabchick
Order Apteryges
Suborder Apterygiformes Family Apterygide. Kiwis
Apteryx australis Shaw and Nodder 1813
Kiwi Apteryx owenii Gould 1847
Little Grey Kiwi Apteryx haastii Potts 1872
Great Grey Kiwi
Order Galli
Suborder Galliformes Superfamily Phasianoidea Family Perdicide. Partridges and Quails Coturnix novezealandice Quoy and Gaimard 1830 Quail
Order Columbi
Suborder Columbiformes Family Treronide. Fruit Pigeons Hemiphaga noveseelandie (Gmelin 1789, Columba) Pigeon Hemiphaga chathamensis (Rothschild 1891, Carpophaga) Chatham Islands Pigeon
Order Anates
Suborder Anatiformes Family Anatide. Ducks and Geese Ctenanas eytoni (Kyton 1838, Leptotarsis) Whistling Duck Casarca variegata (Gmelin 1789, Anas) Paradise Duck
Nos.2 & 3.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 59
Anas superciliosa Gmelin 1789 Grey Duck Virago gibberifrons (Miller 1842, Anas) Grey Teal Virago castanea (Eyton 1838, Mareca) Green-headed Teal Elasmonetta chlorotis (Gray 1845, Anas) Brown Duck Nesonetta aucklandica Gray 1844 Auckland Islands Duck Spatula rhynchotis (Latham 1801, Anas) Shoveler Hymenolaimus malacorhynchus (Gmelin 1789, Anas) Mountain Duck 7 Nyroca australis Eyton 1838 White-eyed Duck Fuligula noveseelandie (Gmelin 1789, Anas) Scaup Promergus australis (Hombron & Jacquinot 1841, Mergus) Auckland Islands Merganser
Order Herodiones Suborder Ardeiformes Family Ardeide. Herons and Bitterns *Ardea cinerea Linné 1758 Grey Heron Notophoyx novehollandic (Latham 1790, Ardea) White-fronted Heron Casmerodius albus (Linné 1758, Ardea) Great White Heron Denugretta matook (Vieillot 1817, Ardea) Blue Heron *Nycticorax caledonicus (Gmelin 1789, Ardea) Night Heron Ixobrychus minutus (Linné 1766, Ardea) Little Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus (Wagler 1827, Ardea) Black-backed Bittern Family Plegadide. Ibises
60 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
*Plegadis falcinellus (Linné 1766, Tantalus) Glossy Ibis Family Plataleidz. Spoonbills *Spatherodia regia (Gould 1838, Platalea) Royal Spoonbill
Order Falcones
Suborder Falconiformes Superfamily Falconoidea Family Falconide. Falcons Nesierax novehollandie (Gmelin 1788, Falco) Quail Hawk Nesierax pottsi Mathews and Iredale 1913 Bush Hawk *Cerchneis cenchroides (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Falco) Nankeen Kestrel Family Aquilide. Eagles, Harriers, etc. Circus approximans Peale 1848 Harrier
Order Striges
Suborder Strigiformes Family Strigide. Wood-Owls, etc. Spiloglaux noveseelandie (Gmelin 1788, Strix) _ Morepork Sceloglaux albifacies (Gray 1844, Athene) Laughing Owl
Order Psittaci
Suborder Psittaciformes Superfamily Strigopoidea Family Strigopide. Owl-Parrots Strigops habroptilus Gray 1845 Kakapo Superfamily Psittaculoidea Family Platycercide. Broad-tailed Parrakeets Cyanoramphus novezelandie (Sparrman 1787, Psittacus) Red-fronted Parrakeet
Nos.2 & 3.]| THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
Cyanoramphus unicolor (Lear 1831, Platycercus) Antipodes Island Parrakeet Cyanoramphus auriceps (Kuhl 1820, Psittacus) Yellow-fronted Parrakeet Cyanoramphus malherbi Souancé 1857 Orange-fronted Parrakeet Superfamily Psittacoidea Family Nestoride. Kakas and Keas Nestor meridionalis (Gmelin 1788, Psittacus) Kaka Nestor notabilis Gould 1856 Kea
Order Cuculi
Suborder Cuculiformes Superfamily Cuculoidea Family Cuculide. Cuckoos *Cuculus optatus Gould Oriental Cuckoo Lamprococcyx lucidus (Gmelin 1788, Cuculus) Shining Cuckoo Family EKudynamytide. Koels Urodynamis taitensis (Sparrman 1787, Cuculus) Long-tailed Cuckoo
Order Coraciz Suborder Coraciiformes Superfamily Coracoidea Family Coraciide. Rollers. Eurystomus orientalis (Linné 1766, Coracias) Roller
Order Halcyones
Suborder Alcediniformes Superfamily Alcedinoidea Family Dacelonide. Wood-Kingfishers. Sauropatis sanctus (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Halcyon) Kingfisher
62 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV
Order Macrochires
Suborder Micropodiformes Family Micropodide. Swifts *Micropus pacificus (Latham 1801, Hirundo) White-rumped Swit *Hivundapus caudacutus (Latham 1801, Hirwndo) Spine-tailed Swift
Order Passeres
Suborder Passeriformes Superfamily Pittoidea Family Acanthisittide. Rifleman Acanthisitta chloris (Sparrman 1787, Sztta) Rifleman Family Xenicide. Island Wrens Traversia lyalli Rothschild 1894 Stephens Island Wren Xenicus longipes (Gmelin 1789, Motacilla) Bush Wren Xenicus gilviventris Pelzeln 1867 Rock Wren Superfamily Passeroidea Family Hirundinide. Swallows Hylochelidon nigricans (Vieillot 1817, Hirundo) Australian Tree-Swallow Family Muscicapide. Flycatchers, etc. Myiomoira macrocephala (Gmelin 1789, Parus) South Island Tomtit Myiomoira toitot (Lesson 1828, Muscicapa) North Island Tomtit Nesomiro traversi (Buller 1872, Miro) Black Robin Nesomiro danneferdi (Rothschild 1894, Muro) Snares Island Black Robin. Miro australis (Sparrman 1788, T'urdus) Robin Maorigerygone igata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1830, Curruca) Grey Warbler
Nos. 2 &3.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 63
Hapolorhynchus albofrontatus (Gray 1844, Gerygone ?) : Chatham Islands Warbler Rhipidura flabellifera (Gmelin 1789, Muscicapa) Pied Fantail Rhipidura fuliginosa (Sparrman 1787, Muscicapa) Black Fantail Family Campophagide. Cuckoo-Shrikes *Graucalus robustus (Latham 1801, Lanius) Little Cuckoo-Shrike Family Turnagride. Island Thrushes Turnagra tanagra (Schlegel 1865, Otagon) North Island Thrush Turnagra capensis (Sparrman 1787, Tanagra) South Island Thrush Family Bowdleriide. Fern Birds Bowdleria punctata (Quoy and Gaimard 1830, Synallaxis) Fern Bird Bowdleria rufescens (Buller 1869, Sphenwacus) Chatham Islands Fern Bird Family Paride. Tits, ete. Mohoua ochrocephala (Gmelin 1789, Muscicapa) Yellowhead Certhiparus albicilla (Lesson 1830, Fringilla) Whitehead Finschia noveseeclandie (Gmelin, 1789, Parus) Creeper Family Zosteropide. White-eyes Zosterops lateralis (Latham 1801) Silver Hye Family Meliphagide. Honey-eaters Anthornis melanura (Sparrman 1786, Certhia) Bell Bird Notiomystis cincta (Du Bus 1839, Meliphaga) Stitch Bird Prosthemadera noveseelandie (Gmelin 1788, Merops) Tui
64 - THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
*Coleia carunculata (Latham 1790, Merops) Yellow Wattle-Bird Family Motacillide. Wagtails and Pipits Austranthus noveseelandic (Gmelin 1789, Alauda) Ground Lark Family Heteralochide. Huias Heteralocha acutirostris (Gould 1837, Neomorpha) Huia Family Creadiontide. Saddle Backs Creadion carunculatus (Gmelin 1789, Sturnus) Saddle Back Family Calleadide. Wattled Crows Calleeas cinerea (Gmelin 1789, Glaucopis) Orange-wattled Crow Calleas wilsont (Bonaparte 1851, Glaucopis) Blue-wattled Crow
[Vol. IV.
Nos. 2 & 3.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 65
A NAME-LIST OF THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. By Grecory M. MatHews AnD Tom I[REDALE.
In view of the preparation of a Manual of Australian Birds, we have reconsidered the higher classification of birds, and have put forth, in the preceding essay, our first attempt to improve upon the existing schemes as a basis for future work. We hope to make emendations as our knowledge advances, and once again state that we have no prejudices nor precon- ceived notions to obscure our judgment. At the present time, through the elimination of a majority of nomenclatural ques- tions, we are able to ascend to the study of the higher group- ings, and we suggest this is a most important matter to the younger school of Australian ornithologists. In every single order there are anomalous forms demanding investigation, and in the Passeriform birds nearly every genus presents some peculiar aspect suggesting critical examination.
This List has been prepared as a simple guide to the species of Australian birds, with their technical names, according to the latest determinations. The date of description follows the author’s name, and the original genus in which the species was placed by the describer is given, thus providing an easy clue to the original description.
In the Check List of the Birds of Australia recently pub- lished in connection with the Birds of Australia by Mathews a complete and original synonymy, generic and specific, has been displayed, such as exists for students in no other, country save Australia. We refer students to this for any additional information.
We have included in this List the stragglers of which less than three occurrences are on record, but have marked these with an asterisk. It is not necessary to emphasise the fact that a good look-out should be kept for strangers, as it is possible that these items simply indicate the fact that these occur perhaps irregularly, perhaps regularly, in out of the way places.
66 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD © [Vol. IV.
Crass AVES
Subclass Dromeornithes Order Casuarii or Megistanes Suborder Casuariiformes Family Dromiceiide. Emus Dromiceius noveehollandie (Latham 1790, Casuarvus) Emu Peronista peroni (Rothschild 1907, Dromazus) Dwarf Emu Family Casuariide. Cassowaries Casuarius casuarius (Linné 1758, Struthio) Cassowary
Subclass Impennes Order Sphenisci Suborder Sphenisciformes Family Spheniscide. Thick-billed Penguins Eudyptula minor (Forster 1781, Aptenodytes) Fairy Penguin Eudyptes pachyrhynchus Gray 1845 Big-crested Penguin Eudyptes serresianus (Oustalet 1878, Hudyptula) Family Aptenodytide. Thin-billed Penguins Hudyptes schlegeli Finch 1876 Macaroni Penguin *Aptenodytes patagonica Miller 1778 King Penguin Subclass Euornithes Order Procellariz or Tubinares Suborder Procellariiformes Superfamily Procellarioidea Family Thalassidromide. Storm-Petrels Oceanites oceanicus (Kuhl 1820, Procellaria) Yellow-webbed Storm-Petrel Garrodia nereis (Gould 1841, Thalassidroma) Grey-backed Storm-Petrel Pelagodroma marina (Latham 1790, Procellaria) White-faced Storm-Petrel
Nos. 2 & 3.| THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 67
*Fregetta tropica (Gould 1844, Thalassidroma) Black-bellied Storm-Petrel
*Fregetia tubulata Mathews 1912 White-bellied Storm-Petrel
Family Procellariide. Shearwaters and Fulmars
Puffinus assimilis Gould 1838 Allied Shearwater
Reinholdia reinholdi (Mathews 1912, Puffinus)
_ Fluttering Shearwater
Thyellodroma pacifica (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria) Wedge-tailed Shearwater
Neonectris griseus (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria) Sombre Shearwater
Neonectris tenuirostris (Temm. & Laug. 1835, Procellaria)
. Short-tailed Shearwater
Hemipuffinus carneipes (Gould 1844, Puffinus) Fleshy-footed Shearwater
*Procellaria parkinsont Gray 1862 Black Petrel
* Adamastor cinereus (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria) Brown Petrel |
Priocella antarctica (Stephens 1826, Fulmarus) Silver-Grey Petrel
Pterodroma macroptera (Smith 1840, Procellaria) Grey-faced Petrel
*Pterodroma melunopus (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria) Brown-headed Petrel
* Pterodroma inexpectata (Forster 1844, Procellaria) Mottled Petrel
*Pterodroma mollis (Gould 1844, Procellaria) Soft-plumaged Petrel
Aistrelata lessonit (Garnot 1826, Procellaria) White-headed Petrel
Cookilaria cookii (Gray 1843, Procellaria) White-winged Petrel
Petrella capensis (Linné 1758, Procellaria) Spotted Petrel
68 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Halobena cerulea (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria) Blue Petrel Heteroprion belcheri Mathews 1912 Thin-billed Prion Heteroprion desolatus (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria) Dove Prion Pseudoprion turtur (Kuhl 1820, Procellaria) Fairy Prion Pachyptila vittata (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria) Broad-billed Prion Macronectes giganteus (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria) Giant Petrel Family Pelecanoidide. Diving Petrels Pelecanoides urinatrix (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria) Diving Petrel = Superfamily Diomedeoidea Family Diomedeide. Albatrosses *Phebetria fusca (Hilsenberg 1822, Diomedec) Sooty Albatross Thalassarche melanophrys (Temm. & Laug. 1828, Diomedea) Black-browed Mollymawk *Thalassarche chrysostoma (Forster 1785, Deron Grey-headed Mollymawk Thalassarche chlororhynchus (Gmelin 1789, Diomedea ) Yellow-nosed Mollymawk Diomedella cauta (Gould 1841, Diomedea) White-capped Albatross Diomedea exulans Linné 1758 Wandering Albatross *Diomedea chionoptera Salvin 1896 Snowy Albatross Order Fregati Suborder Fregatitormes Family Fregatide. Frigate Birds *Fregata minor (Gmelin 1789, Pelecanus) Frigate Bird Fregata ariel (Gray 1845, Atagen) Lesser Frigate Bird
Nos. 2 & 3.| THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD & : Order Pelecani Suborder Pelecaniformes Superfamily Phalacrocoracoidea Family Phalacrocoracide. Cormorants or Shags Hypoleucus perthi Mathews Pied Cormorant Hypoleucus fuscescens (Vieillot 1817, Hydrocorax) Black-faced Cormorant Mesocarbo ater (Lesson 1831, Carbo) Little Black Cormorant Microcarbo melanoleucus (Vieillot 1817, Hydrocorax) Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo (Linné 1758, Pelecanus) Black Cormorant Family Anhingide. Darters Anhinga novehollandice (Gould 1847, Plotus) Darter
Superfamily Pelecanoidea Family Pelecanide. Pelicans Catoptropelicanus conspicillatus (Temm. & Laug. 1824. Pelecanus) Pelican
Superfamily Suloidea Family Sulide. Gannets Sula leucogaster (Boddaert 1783, Pelecanus) Brown Gannet (Booby) Piscatrix sula (Linné 1766, Pelecanus) Red-legged Gannet Parasula dactylatra (Lesson 1831, Sula) Masked Gannet Sulita serrator (Gray 1845, Sula) Gannet Order Lari Suborder Phaéthontiformes Family Phaéthontide. Tropic Birds Leptophaéthon lepturus (Daudin 1802, Phaéton) White-tailed Tropic Bird
69
70 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Sceophaéthon rubricauda (Boddaert 1783, Phaéton) Red-tailed Tropic Bird
Suborder Lariformes Family Sternide. Terns and Noddies
Chlidonias leucopareia (Temminck 1820, Sterna) Whiskered Tern
Chlidonias leucoptera (Temminck 1815, Sterna) White-winged Tern
Sterna striata Gmelin 1789
White-fronted Tern
Sterna dougallit Montagu 1813 Roseate Tern
Gygisterna sumatrana (Raffles 1822, Sterna) Black-naped Tern
Sternula albifrons (Vroeg 1764, Sterna) White-shafted Ternlet
Sternula nereis Gould 1843 White-faced Ternlet
Thalasseus berg (Lichtenstein 1823, Sterna) Crested Tern
Thalasseus bengalensis (Lesson 1831, Sterna) Lesser Crested Tern
Gelochelidon nilotica (Gmelin 1789, Sterna) Gull-billed Tern
Hydroprogne caspia (Pallas 1770, Sterna) Caspian Tern
Melanosterna anethetus (Scopoli 1786, Sterna) Bridled Tern
Onychoprion fuscatus (Linné 1766, Sterna) Sooty Tern
Megalopterus minutus (Boie 1844, Anous) White-capped Noddy
Megalopterus tenuirostris (Temm. & Laug. 1823, Sterna) Lesser Noddy
Anous stolidus (Linné 1758, Sterna) Noddy
Nos. 2 & 3.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 71
Family Laride. Gulls
Bruchigavia novehollandie (Stephens 1826, Larus) Silver Gull
Gabianus pacificus (Latham 1801, Larus) Pacific Gull
Family Stercorariide. Skuas Catharacta lonnbergi Mathews 1912 Antarctic Skua *Coprotheres pomarinus (Temminck 1815, Lestris) Pomarine. Skua Stercorarius parasiticus (Linné 1758, Larus) Arctic Skua
Suborder Charadriiformes Superfamily Burhinoidea
Family Burhinide. Stone Plovers Burhinus magnirostris (Latham 1801, Charadrius) Stone Plover Orthorhamphus magnirostris (Vieillot 1818, G@idicnemus) Long-billed Stone Plover
Superfamily Scolopacoidea Family Rostratulide. Painted Snipe Rostratula australis (Gould 1838, Rhynchea) Painted Snipe Family Scolopacide. Snipe, Sandpipers, etc. Ditelmatias hardwicku (Gray 1831, Scolopax) Snipe Subspilura megala (Swinhoe 1861, Gallinago) Pin-tailed Snipe Canutus canutus (Linné 1758, Tringa) Knot Anteliotringa tenwirostris (Horsfield 1821, Totanus) Great Knot Platyrhamphus falcinellus (Brimnich 1764, Scolopax) Broad-billed Sandpiper Erolia ferruginea (Brimnich 1764, T'ringa) Curlew Sandpiper
UA THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Limnocinclus acuminatus (Horsfield 1821, Totanus) Sharp-tailed Stint
Pisobia ruficollis (Pallas 1776, Trynga) Red-necked Stint -
*Pisobia subminuta (Middendorff 1851, T'ringa) Long-toed Stint
Crocethia leucophea (Vroeg 1764, Trynga) Sanderling
Glottis nebularius (Gunnerus 1767, Scolopax) Greenshank
Iliornis stagnatilis (Bechstein 1803, Totanus) Little Greenshank
Rhyacophilus glareola (Linné 1758, Tringa) Wood Sandpiper
Actitis hypoleucus (Linné 1758; Tinga) Common Sandpiper
Terekia cinerea (Gueldenstadt 1774, Scolopax) Terek Sandpiper
Heteractitis incanus (Gmelin 1789, Scolopax) Wandering Tattler
Heteractitis brevipes (Vieillot 1816, Totanus) Grey-rumped Sandpiper
*Bartramia longicauda (Bechstein 1811, T'ringa) Long-tailed Sandpiper
Vetola lapponica (Linné 1758, Scolopaz) Barred-rumped Godwit
(To be continued.)
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2. Revision of what has been published in the “ Birds of Australia,” when accession of material and new facts
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THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.
Vol. LV., Nos. 4 and 5 DECEMBER 16TH, 1920.
(ON CONTENTS. PAGE A Name-List oF THE BIRDS oF AUSTRALIA .. fy ae ForGotTten Birp-ARTISTS AND AN OLD-TIME ORNI- THOLOGIST Ans ae ae ae Ade ya dike SNIPE AND SANDPTPERS: A REARRANGEMENT .. ee el23 SHERBORN AND THE SYSTEMATIST ie: Deere 3)
A NAME-LIST OF THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA.
By Gregory M. Maruews anv Tom IREDALE.
(Concluded. )
Inmosa limosa (Linné 1758, Scolopaz) Black-tailed Godwit Mesoscolopax minutus (Gould 1841, Numenius) Little Whimbrel Pheopus pheeopus (Linné 1758, Scolopaa) Whimbrel Numenius cyanopus Vieillot 1817 Curlew Family Recurvirostride. Avocets and Stilts Himantopus leucocephalus Gould 1837 White-headed Stilt Cladorhynchus leucocephalus (Vieillot 1816, Recurvirostra) Banded Stilt Recurvirostra novehollandie Vieillot 1816 Red-necked Avocet
74 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. 1V.
Superfamily Charadrioidea Family Hematopodide. Oystercatchers
Hematopus ostralegus Linné 1758 Pied Oystercatcher
Hamatopus unicolor Forster 1844 Black Oystercatcher
Family Arenariide. Turnstones
Arenaria interpres (Linné 1758, Tringa) Turnstone
_ Family Charadride. Plovers
Squatarola squatarola (Linné 1758, Tringa) Grey Plover
Pluvialis dominicus (Miller 1776, Charadrius) Lesser Golden Plover
Currepidesmus mongolus (Pallas 1776, Charadrius) Mongolian Sand Dotterel
Nesoceryx bicinctus (Jardine and Selby 1827, Charadrius) Double-banded Dotterel
Pagoa leschenaultia (Lesson 1826, Charadrius) Large Sand Dotterel
Leucopolius ruficapillus (Temm. & Laug. 1821, Charadrius) Red-capped Dotterel
Charadrius cucullatus Vieillot 1818 Hooded Dotterel
Hupodella vereda (Gould 1848, Charadrius) Oriental Dotterel
Elseyornis melanops (Vieillot 1818, Charadrius) Black-fronted Dotterel
Family Vanellide. Wattled Plovers Lobibyx males (Boddaert 1783, Tringa) Lesser Masked Plover Lobibyx novehollandice (Stephens 1819, Vanellus) Spur-winged Plover Zonifer tricolor (Vieillot 1818, Charadrius) Black-breasted Plover
Nos.4 &5.) THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
Erythrogonys cinctus Gould 1838 Red-kneed Dotterel Superfamily Jacanoidea Family Jacanide. Jacanas Irediparra gallinacea (Temm. & Laug. 1828, Pari Lotus Bird
Superfamily Glareoloidea
‘)
Family Glareolide. Pratincoles and Coursers
Glareola maldivarum Forster 1795 Oriental Pratincole
Stiltia isabella (Vieillot 1816, Glareola) Pratincole
Peltohyas australis (Gould 1841, Hudromius) Dotterel
Suborder Otidiformes
; Family Otidide. Bustards Austrotis australis (Griffith and Pidgeon ‘“ 1829, Bustard Order Psophii or Grues Suborder Psophiiformes Family Balearicide. Cranes Mathewsena rubicunda (Perry 1810, Ardea) Brolga or Native Companion Order Ralli Suborder Ralliformes Family Rallide. Rails
Rallus pectoralis Temm. & Laugier 1831 Slate-breasted Rail
Tomirdus tricolor (Gray 1858, Rallina) Red-necked Rail
Hypoteenidia philippensis (Linné 1766, Rallus) Buff-banded Rail
” Ottis)
76 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Eulabeornis castaneoventris Gould 1844 Chestnut-bellied Rail
*Crex crex (Linné 1758, Rallus) Land Rail
Porzana fluminea Gould 1843 Spotted Crake
Zapornia pusilla (Pallas 1776, Rallus) Little Crake
Porzanoidea plumbea (Griffith and Pidgeon “ 1829,” Crez) Spotless Crake
Poliolimnas cinereus (Vieillot 1819, Porphyrio) White-browed Crake
Family Gallinulide. Gallinules
Amaurornis moluccanus (Wallace 1865, Porzana) Rufous-tailed Moorhen Gallinula tenebrosa Gould 1846 Black Moorhen Microtribonyx ventralis (Gould 1837, Gallinula) Black-tailed Water Hen Tribonyx mortierti Du Bus 1840 Native Hen Porphyrio melanotus Temminck 1820 Bald Coot Porphyrio bellus Gould 1841 Blue Bald Coot Family Fulicide. Coots Fulica atra Linné 1758 Coot Suborder Podicipitormes Family Podicipide. Grebes Podiceps cristatus (Linné 1758, Colymbus) Tippet Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis (Vroeg 1764, Colymbus) Black-throated Grebe Tachybaptus poliocephalus (Jardine and Selby 1827, Podiceps) Hoary-headed Grebe
Nos.4&5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
Order Galli
Suborder Galliformes Superfamily Megapodioidea Family Megapodiide. Megapodes Megapodius reinwardt Dumont 1823 Scrub Fowl Leipoa ocellata Gould 1840 Mallee Fowl Alectura lathami Gray 1831 Brush-Turkey Superfamily Phasianoidea Family Perdicide. Partridges and Quails Coturnix pectoralis Gould 1837 Stubble-Quail Ypsilophorus ypsilophorus (Bose 1792, Coturnix) Brown Quail
Excalfactoria chinensis (Linné 1766, Tetrao) King-Quail
Suborder Turnicitormes
Family Turnicide. Hemipodes
Turmx maculosa (Temminck 1815, Hemipodius) Black-backed Quail
Marianornis varius (Latham 1801, Perdix) Painted Quail
Austroturnix olivii (Robinson 1900, Turniz) Allied Quail
Austroturni« castanota (Gould 1840, Hemipodius) Chestnut-backed Quail
Alphaturnia velox (Gould 1841, Hemipodius) Little Quail
Alphaturmia pyrrhothorax (Gould 1841, Hemipodius) Red-chested Quail
Colcloughia melanogaster (Gould 1837, Hemipodius) Black-breasted Quail
a
o 78 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Family Pedionomide. Plain-Wanderer
Pedionomus torquatus Gould 1840 Plain-Wanderer
Order Columbze
Suborder Columbiformes Family Columbidz. Pigeons
Leucomelena norfolciensis (Latham 1801, Columba) White-headed Pigeon
Macropygia phasianella (Temminck 1821, Columba) Pheasant Pigeon
Family Turturide. Doves
Chrysauchena humeralis (Temminck 1821, Columba) Barred-shouldered Dove
Geopelia placida Gould 1844 Ground-Dove
Stictopeleia cuneata (Latham 1801, Colwmba) Spotted-shouldered Dove
Chalcophaps chrysochlora (Wagler 1827, Columba) Little Green Dove
Phaps chalcoptera (Latham 1790, Columba) Bronze-Wing
Cosmopelia elegans ('Temminck and Knip 1810, Columba) Brush Bronze-Wing
Histriophaps histrionica (Gould 1841, Columba) Flock-Pigeon
Petrophassa albipennis Gould 1841 White-quilled Rock Pigeon
Petrophassa rufipennis Collett 1898 Chestnut-quilled Rock Pigeon
Geophaps scripta (Temminck 1821, Columba) Partridge Pigeon
Geophaps smithit (Jardine and Selby 1830, Columba) Naked-eyed Partridge Pigeon
Lophophaps plumifera (Gould 1842, Geophaps) Plumed Pigeon
Nos.4 & 5.) THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
Lophophaps ferruginea Gould 1865 Red-plumed Pigeon Ocyphaps lophotes (Temm. and Laugier 1822, Columba) Crested Pigeon Leucosarcia melanoleuca (Latham 1801, Columba) Wonga-wonga Family Treronide. Fruit Pigeons Ptilinopus regina Swainson 1825 Red-crowned Fruit Pigeon Ptilinopus superba (Temm. and Knip 1810, Columba) Purple-crowned Fruit Pigeon Megaloprepia magnifica (Temminck 1821, Colwmba) Purple-breasted Fruit Pigeon Leucotreron alligator (Collett 1898, Ptilopus) Black-banded Fruit Pigeon Myristicwwora bicolor (Scopoli 1786, Columba) Nutmeg Pigeon *Globicera pacifica (Gmelin 1789, Columba) Grey-headed Pigeon *Globicera rubricera Bonaparte 1854 Red-cered Pigeon Lopholaimus antarcticus (Shaw 1793, Columba) Top-knot Pigeon
Order Anates Suborder Anatiformes Family Cereopside. Cape Barren Goose Cereopsis novehollandie Latham 1801 Cape Barren Goose Family Anseranatide. Pied Geese Anseranas semipalmata (Latham 1801, Anas) Pied Goose Family Anatide. Swans, Geese and Ducks Cheniscus coromandelianus (Gmelin 1789, Anas) White-quilled Goose Teal Cheniscus pulchellus (Gould 1842, Nettapus) xreen Goose Teal
80 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Chenonetta jubata (Latham 1801, Anas) Wood Duck
Chenopis atrata (Latham 1790, Anas) Black Swan
Dendrocygna javanica (Horsfield 1821, Anas) Whistling Duck
Ctenanas eytoni (Kyton 1838, Leptotarsis) Plumed Whistling Duck
Radjah radjah (Garnot 1828, Anas) White-headed Sheld-Drake
Casarca tadornoides (Jardine and Selby 1828, Anas)
Mountain Duck
Anas superciliosa Gmelin 1789 Black Duck
*Querquedula querquedula (Linné 1758, Anas) Garganey Tea
Virago gibberifrons (Miller 1842, Anas) Grey Teal
Virago castanea (Kyton 1838, Mareca) Green-headed Teal
Stictonetta nevosa (Gould 1841, Anas) Freckled Duck
Spatula rhynchotis (Latham 1801, Anas) Shoveler
Malacorhynchus membranaceus (Latham 1801, Anas) Pink-eared Duck
Nyroca australis Eyton 1838 White-eyed Duck
Erismatura australis (Gould 1837, Oxyura) Blue-billed Duck
Biziura lobata (Shaw and Nodder 1796, Anas) Musk Duck
Order Herodiones Suborder Ardeiformes Family Ardeide. Herons and Bitterns
Typhon sumatranus (Raffles 1822, Ardea) Great-billed Heron .
Nos.4 &5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 8]
Notophoyx novehollandie (Latham 1790, Ardea) White-fronted Heron
Myola pacifica (Latham 1801, Ardea) White-necked Heron
Tonophoyx aruensis (Gray 1858, Ardea) Pied Egret
Egretia garzetta (Linné 1766, Ardea) Lesser Egret
Mesophoyx intermedia (Wagler 1829, Ardea) Plumed Egret
Casmerodius albus (Linné 1758, Ardea) White Egret
Demagretta matook (Vieillot 1817, Ardea) Blue Reef Heron
Demigretta grey (Gould 1848, Herodias) White Reef-Heron
Nycticorax caledonicus (Gmelin 1789, Ardea) Night-Heron
Butorides ‘striata (Linné 1758, Ardea) Little Mangrove Bittern
Butorides rogerst Mathews 1911 Red Mangrove Bittern
Ixobrychus minutus (Linné 1766, Ardea) Little Bittern
Dupetor flavicollis (Latham 1790, Ardea) Yellow-necked Mangrove Bittern
Botaurus poiciloptilus (Wagler 1827, Ardea) Bittern
Family Ciconiide. Storks
Xenorhynchus asiaticus (Latham 1790, Mycteria)
Jabiru Family Plegadide. Ibises
Plegadus falcinellus (Linné 1766, Tantalus) Glossy Ibis
Carphibis spinicollis (Jameson 1835, Ibis) Straw-necked Ibis
82 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Threskiornis molucca (Cuvier 1829, bis) White Ibis
Family Plataleide. Spoonbills Platibis flavipes (Gould 1838, Platalea) Yellow-billed Spoonbill Spatherodia regia (Gould 1838, Platalea) Black-billed Spoonbill
Order Falcones Suborder Falconiformes Superfamily Falconoidea
Family Falconide. Falcons
Cerchneis cenchroides (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Falco) Nankeen Kestrel
Leracidea berigora (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Falco) Brown Hawk
Notofalco subniger (Gray 1843, Falco) Black Falcon
Falco longipennis Swainson 1837 Little Falcon
Falco hypoleucus Gould 1841 Grey Falcon
Rhynchodon peregrinus (Tunstall 1771, Falco) Black-cheeked Falcon
Family Aquilide. Eagles and Hawks, ete. Lophastur subcristatus (Gould 1838, Lepidogenys) Crested Hawk Elanus notatus Gould 1838 Black-shouldered Kite Elanus scriptus Gould 1842 Letter-winged Kite Lophoictinia isura (Gould 1838, Milvus) Square-tailed Kite Milvus migrans (Boddaert 1783, Falco) Allied Kite Gypoictinia melanosterna (Gould 1841, Buteo) Black-breasted Buzzard
Nos.4 &5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
Haliastur sphenurus (Vieillot 1818, Milvus) Whistling Eagle
Haliastur indus (Boddaert 1783, Falco) White-headed Sea Eagle
Cuncuma leucogaster (Gmelin 1788, Falco) White-bellied Sea Eagle
Hieraaétus pennatus (Gmelin 1788, Falco) Little Eagle
Uroaétus audax (Latham 1801, Vultur) Wedge-tailed Eagle (Eagle Hawk)
Erythrotriorchis radiatus (Latham 1801, Falco) Red Goshawk
Accipiter cirrhocephalus (Vieillot 1817, Sparvius) Collared Sparrow-Hawk
Urospiza fasciata (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Astur) Goshawk
Leucospiza raw (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Astur) Grey Goshawk
Leucospiza novehollandie (Gmelin 1788, Falco) White Goshawk
Circus approximans Peale 1848 Swamp Hawk
Circus assimilis Jardine and Selby 1828 Spotted Harrier
Family Pandionide. Ospreys
Pandion haliaétus (Linné 1758, Falco)
Osprey
Order Striges Suborder Strigiformes Family Strigide. Wood Owls
Spiloglaux noveseelandie (Gmelin 1788, Strix) Boobook Owl
Hieracoglaux connivens (Latham 1801, Falco) Winking Owl
Rhabdoglaux rufa (Gould 1846, Athene) Rufous Owl
84 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Berneyornis strenuus (Gould 1838, Athene ?) Powerful Owl.
Family Tytonide. Barn Owls Tyto alba (Scopoli 1769, Strix) Barn Owl Tyto novehollandie (Stephens 1826, Strix ?) Masked Owl Tyto longimembris (Jerdon 1839, Strix) Grass Owl Megastrix tenebricosa (Gould 1845, Strix) Sooty Owl
Order Psittaci Suborder Psittaciformes Superfamily Psittaculoidea Family Pezoporide. Ground Parrots
Geopsittacus occidentalis Gould 1861 Spinifex Parrot Pezoporus wallicus (Kerr 1792, Psittacus) Ground Parrot Melopsittacus undulatus (Shaw and Nodder, 1805, Psittacus) Budgerygar Family Platycercide. Broad-tailed Parrakeets Lathamus discolor (White 1790, Psittacus) Swift Parrot Neophema pulchella (Shaw and Nodder 1792, Psittacus) Red-shouldered Grass Parrot Neophema splendida (Gould 1841, Huphema) Scarlet-chested Grass Parrot Neonanodes chrysogaster (Latham 1790, Psittacus) Orange-bellied Parrot Neonanodes chrysostomus (Kuhl 1820, Psittacus) Blue-winged Parrot Neonanodes elegans (Gould 1837, Nanodes) Grass Parrot Neonanodes petrophilus (Gould 1841, Huphema) Rock Parrot
Nos.4 &5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 85
Neopsephotus bourkit (Gould 1841, Huphema) Blue-vented Parrot
Psephotellus pulcherrimus (Gould 1845, Platycercus) Beautiful Parrot
Psephotellus chrysopterygius (Gould 1858, Psephotus) Golden-shouldered Parrot
Psephotellus dissimilis (Collett 1898, Psephotus) Black-hooded Parrot (Monk)
Northiella hematogaster (Gould 1838, Platycercus) Blue Bonnett
Psephotus hematonotus (Gould 1838, Platycercus) Red-backed Parrot
Psephotus varius (Clark 1910, Psephotus) Varied Parrot
Platycercus caledonicus (Gmelin 1788, Psittacus) Green Parrot
Platycercus flaveolus Gould 1837 Yellow Parrot and Adelaide Rosella
Platycercus elegans (Gmelin 1788, Psittacus)
’ Crimson Parrot
Platycercus icterotis (Kuhl 1820, Pszttacus) Yellow-cheeked Parrot
Platycercus adscitus (Latham 1790, Psittacus) Blue-cheeked Parrot
Platycercus venustus (Kuhl 1820, Pssttacus) Smutty Parrot
Platycercus eximius (Shaw and Nodder 1792, Psittacus) Rosella
Barnardius barnardi (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Platycercus) Mallee Parrot (Smoker)
Barnardius zonarvus (Shaw and Nodder 1805, Psittacus) Twenty-eight
Purpureicephalus spurius (Kuhl 1820, Pszttacus) Red-capped Parrot (Pilot)
Family Polytelitide. King Parrots
Alisterus scapularis (Lichtenstein 1818, Psittacus) King Parrot
86 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
Aprosmictus erythropterus (Gmelin 1788, Psittacus) Red-winged Parrot Polytelis swainsonia (Desmarest 1826, Psittacus) Green Leek Polytelis anthopeplus (Lear 1831, Palcornis’ Rock Pebbler Northipsitta alexandre (Gould 1863, Polyteles) Pink-cheeked Parrot Family Leptolophidz. Cockatiels Leptolophus hollandicus (Kerr 1792, Psitttacus) Quarrion Superfamily Psittacoidea Family Loriidz. Lories Geoffroyus geoffroyr (Bechstein 1811, Psittacus) Red-cheeked Parrot Lorwus pectoralis (Muller 1776, Psittacus) Red-sided Parrot Superfamily Kakatoéoidea Family Kakatoéide. Cockatoos Holophus roseicapillus (Vieillot 1817, Cacatua) Galah Ducorpsius sanguineus (Gould 1843, Cacatua) Blood-stained Cockatoo Inemetis tenwirostris (Kuhl 1820, Psittacus) Corella Kakatoé galerita (Latham 1790, Psittacus) White Cockatoo Lophochroa leadbeatert (Vigors 1831, Plyctolophus) Wee Juggler Callocorydon fimbriatus (Grant 1803, Psittacus) Gang-gang Harrisornis lathami (Temminck 1807, Psittacus) Glossy Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus banks (Latham 1790, Psittacus) Banksian Cockatoo Zanda funerea (Shaw and Nodder 1796, Psittacus) Black Cockatoo Zanda baudini (Lear 1832, Psittacus) White-tailed Black Cockatoo
[Vol. LV.
Nos.4 &5.}] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 87
Family Proboscigeride. Palm Cockatoos Probosciger aterriomus (Gmelin 1788, Psittacus) Palm Cockatoo
Superfamily Trichoglossoidea Family Trichoglosside. Lorikeets
Trichoglossus moluccanus (Gmelin 1788, Psittacus) Blue-bellied Lorikeet Trichoglossus rubritorquis Vigors and Horsfield 1827 Red-collared Lorikeet Hutelipsitta chlorolepidota (Kuhl 1820, Psittacus) Scaly-breasted Lorikeet Psitteuteles versicolor (Lear 1831, Trichoglossus) Varied Lorikeet Glossopsitta concinna (Shaw and Nodder 1791, Psittacus) Musk Lorikeet Glossopsitta porphyrocephala (Dietrichsen 1837, T'richoglossus) Purple-crowned Lorikeet Glossopsita pusilla (White 1790, Psittacus) Little Lorikeet Family Opopsittide. Lorilets Opopsitta leadbeatert (McCoy 1875, Cyclopsitta) Blue-faced Lorilet Opopsitta coxent (Gould 1867, Cyclopsitta) Red-faced Lorilet Order Cuculi Suborder Cuculiformes Superfamily Cuculoidea Family Cuculide. Cuckoos Cuculus optatus Gould 1845 Oriental Cuckoo Heteroscenes pallidus (Latham 1801, Columba) Pallid Cuckoo Cacomantis pyrrhophanus (Vieillot 1817, Cuculus) Square-tailed (Brush) Cuckoo Cacomantis rubricatus (Latham 1801, Sylvia) Fan-tailed Cuckoo
88 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
Vidgenia castaneiventris (Gould 1867, Cuculus) Chestnut-breasted Cuckoo
Owenavis osculans (Gould 1847, Chalcites) Black-eared Cuckoo
Chalcites basalis (Horsfield 1821, Cuculus) Narrow-billed Bronze Cuckoo
Lamprococcyx russatus (Gould 1868, Chrysococcyx) Rufous-breasted Bronze Cuckoo
Lamprococcyx minutillus (Gould 1859, Chrysococcy2) Little Bronze Cuckoo
Lam~prococcyx plagosus (Latham 1801, Cuculus) Bronze Cuckoo
Lamprococcyx lucidus (Gmelin 1788, Cuculus) Broad-billed Bronze Cuckoo
Family Eudynamytide. Koels
Hudynamys orventalis (Linné 1766, Cuculus) Koel
Family Scythropide. Channel Bills
Scythrops novehollandie Latham 1790 Channel Bill
Family Polophilide. Coucals Polophilus phasianinus (Latham 1801, Cuculus) Coucal Order Coracie Suborder Coraciiformes Superfamily Podargoidea Family Podargide. Frogmouths
Podargus strigoides (Latham 1801, Caprimulgus) Frogmouth
[Vol. IV.
Micropodargus ocellatus (Quoy and Gaimard 1830, Podargus)
Marbled Frogmouth Micropodargus plumiferus (Gould 1846, Podargus) Plumed Frogmouth
Megapodargus papuensis (Quoy and Gaimard 1830, Podargus)
Large Frogmouth
Nos. 4 & 5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
Family Aigothelide. Owlet Nightjars Aigotheles cristata (White 1790, Caprimulgus) Owlet Nightjar
Superfamily Coracioidea Family Coraciide. Rollers Eurystomus orientalis (Linné 1766, Coracias) Roller or Dollar Bird ) Order Halcyones Suborder Alcediniformes
Superfamily Meropoidea
F Family Meropide. Bee-Haters Cosmaerops ornatus (Latham 1801, Merops) Bee-Hater
Superfamily Alcedinoidea
Family Alcedinide. Kingfishers
Alcyone azurea (Latham 1801, Alcedo)
_ Blue Kingfisher
Micralcyone pusilla (Temm. & Laugier 1836, Ceyx)
Little Kingfisher Family Dacelonids. Wood-Kingfishers
Lazulena macleayu (Jardine and Selby 1830, Halcyon) Forest Kingfisher
Cyanalcyon pyrrhopygius (Gould 1840, Halcyon) Red-backed Kingfisher
Sauropatis sancta (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Halcyon) Sacred Kingfisher
Sauropatis chloris (Boddaert 1783, Alcedo) Mangrove Kingfisher
Syma torotoro Lesson 1827 Yellow-billed Kingfisher
Dacelo noveguinee (Hermann 1783, Alcedo) Kookaburra
Dacelo leacht Vigors and Horsfield 1827 Blue-winged Kingfisher
Uralcyon sylvia (Gould 1850, Tanysiptera) White-tailed Kingfisher
89
90 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Order Macrochires Suborder Caprimulgiformes Family Caprimulgide. Nightjars Eurostopodus guttatus (Vigors & Horsfield 1827, Capromulgus) Spotted Nightjar Eurostopodus mystacalis (Temm. & Laug. 1826, Caprimulqus) White-throated Nightjar Rossornis macrurus (Horsfield 1821, Caprimulgus) Large-tailed Nightjar Suborder Micropoditormes Family Micropodide. Swilts Micropus pacificus (Latham 1801, Hirundo) White-rumped Swift Hivundapus caudacutus (Latham 1801, Hirwndo) Spine-tailed Swift Zoonava francica (Gmelin 1789, Harwndo) Grey-rumped Swiftlet *Zoonava fuciphaga (Thunberg 1812, Hirundo) Uniform Swiftlet
Order Menuree Suborder Menuritormes Family Menuride. Lyre Birds Harriwhitea alberti (Bonaparte 1850, Menura) Northern Lyre Bird Menura novehollandie Latham 1801 Lyre Bird Order Passeres Suborder Passeriformes Superfamily Pittoidea Family Pittide. Pittas Austiopitta versicolor (Swainson 1825, Pitta) Noisy Pitta Evythropitta macklotit (Temm. & Laugier 1834, Pitta) Blne-breasted Pitta
Nos.4&5.} THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 91
Pulchripitta wis (Gould 1842, Pitta) Rainbow Pitta
Superfamily Atrichornithoidea
Family Atrichornithide. Scrub Birds Atrichornis rufescens (Ramsay 1867, Atrichia) Rufous Scrub Bird Rahcinta clamosa (Gould, 1844, Atrichia) Noisy Scrub Bird Superfamily Passeroidea Family Hirundinide. Swallows Hirundo neoxena Gould 1842 Welcome Swallow *Hirundo rustica Linné 1758 Swallow *Hypurolepis javanica (Sparrman 1789, Hirundo) Short-tailed Swallow Cherameca leucosternum (Gould 1841, Hirundo) . Black and White Swallow Hylochelidon nigricans (Vieillot 1817, Hirundo) Tree-Martin Lagenoplastes ariel (Gould 1842, Collocalia) Fairy Martin Family Muscicapidee. Flycatchers, etc. Microeca fascionans (Latham 1801, Lox) Brown Flycatcher Microeca brunneicauda Campbell 1902 Brown-tailed Flycatcher Kempia flavigaster (Gould 1843, Microeca) Lemon-breasted Flycatcher Petroica multicolor (Gmelin 1789, Muscicapa) Scarlet-breasted Robin Whiteornis goodenovit (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Muscicapa) Red-capped Robin Intilera chrysoptera (Quoy and Gaimard 1830, Muscica pa) Flame-breasted Robin Hrythrodryas rodinogaster (Drapiez 1819, Saaicola) Pink-breasted Robin
92 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Belchera rosea (Gould 1840, Petrovca) Rose-breasted Robin
Melanodryas cucullata (Latham 1801, Muscicapa) Hooded Robin
Amaurodryas vittata (Quoy & Gaimard 1830, Muscicapa) Dusky Robin
Smicrornis brevirostris (Gould 1838, Pstlopus) Tree-Tit
Gerygone olivacea (Gould 1838, Psilopus) White-throated Flyeater
Wilsonavis richmondi Mathews 1915 Brown Flyeater
Ethelornis magnirostris (Gould 1843, Gerygone) Large-billed Flyeater
Ethelornis cairnsensis (Mathews 1912, Gerygone) Allied Flyeater
Ethelornis tenebrosus (Hall 1901, Pseudogerygone) Dusky Flyeater
Ethelornis chloronotus (Gould 1843, Gerygone) Green-backed Flyeater
Hthelornis levigaster (Gould 1843, Gerygone) Buff-breasted Flyeater
Ethelornis cantator (Weatherill 1908, Psewudogerygone) Singing Flyeater
Ethelornis mouki (Mathews 1912, Gerygone) Queensland Flyeater
Ethelornis mastersi (Sharpe 1879, Pseudogerygone) Gulf Flyeater
Ethelornis fuscus (Gould 1838, Psilopus) == culicivorus olim Flyeater
Pseudogerygone palpebrosa (Wallace 1865, Gerygone) Black-throated Flyeater
Tredaleornis cinereifrons (Ramsay 1876, Pacilodryas ?) Ashy-fronted Fly Robin
Pacilodryas superciliosa (Gould 1847, Petrovca) White-browed Robin
Pacilodryas cerviniventris (Gould 1858, Petrowca ?) Buff-sided Robin
Nos.4 &5.| THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 93
Tregellasia capito (Gould 1854, Hopsaltria) Large-headed Robin
Tregellasia leucops (Salvadori 1876, Leucophantes) White-throated Fly Robin
Kempiella kempi Mathews, 1913 Yellow-breasted Robin
Pachycephala pectoralis (Latham 1801, Muscicapa) White-throated Thickhead
Pachycephala robusta Masters 1876 Big-billed Thickhead
Pachycephala melanura Gould 1843 Black-tailed Thickhead
Lewinornis rufiventris (Latham 1801, Sylvia) Rufous-breasted Thickhead
Gulbertornis rufogularis (Gould 1841, Pachycephala) Red-lored Thickhead
Gilbertornis inornatus (Gould 1841, Pachycephala) Black-lored Thickhead
Alisterornis lanioides (Gould 1840, Pachycephala) White-bellied Thickhead
Timixos olivaceus (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Pachycephala) Olive Thickhead
Mattingleya griseiceps (Gray 1858, Pachycephala) Grey Thickhead
Muscitrea simplex (Gould 1843, Pachycephala) Brown Thickhead
Peneceenanthe leucura (Gould 1869, Hopsaltria) Mangrove Robin
Quoyornis georgianus (Quoy and Gaimard 1830, Muscicapa) White-breasted Shrike Robin
Hopsaltria australis (White 1790, Motacilla) Yellow-breasted Shrike Robin
Eopsaltria griseogularis Gould 1838 Grey-breasted Shrike Robin
Rhipidura flabellifera (Gmelin 1789, Muscicapa) Fantail
Howeavis rufifrons (Latham 1801, Muscicapa) Rufous Fantail
94 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Setosura setosa (Quoy and Gaimard 1830, Muscipeta) Northern Fantail
Leucocirca leucophrys (Latham 1801, T’urdus) Black and White Fantail
Mastersornis rubecula (Latham 1801, Todus) Leaden Flycatcher
Mastersornis cyanoleucus (Vieillot 1818, Platyrhynchos) Satin Flycatcher
Mastersornis ruficollis (Vieillot 1818, Platyrhynchos) Broad-billed Flycatcher
Macherirhynchus flaviventer Gould 185i Yellow-breasted Wherrybill
Seisura inguieta (Latham 1801, Turdus) Restless Flycatcher
Ophryzone kaupt (Gould 1851, Arses) Black-breasted Flycatcher
Proseisura lorealis (De Vis 1895, Arses) Frill-necked Flycatcher
Piezorhynchus alecto (Temm. & Laugier 1827, Drymophila) Shining Flycatcher
Symposiachrus trivirgatus (Temm. & Laugier 1826, Drymophila) Spectacled Flycatcher
Carterornis leucotis (Gould 1850, Monarcha) White-eared Flycatcher
Monarcha melanopsis (Vieillot 1818, Muscicupa) Black-faced Flycatcher
Family Campophagide. Cuckoo Shrikes, ete.
Pteropodocys maxima (Riippell 1839, Ceblepyris) Ground Cuckoo Shrike
Graucalus novehollandie (Gmelin 1789, Turdus) Black-faced Cuckoo Shrike
Graucalus hypoleucus (Gould 1848) White-bellied Cuckoo Shrike
Graucalus robustus (Latham 1801, Lanius) Little Cuckoo Shrike
Paragraucalus lineatus (Swainson 1825, Ceblepyris) Barred Cuckoo Shrike
Nos.4 &5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 95
Metagraucalus tenuirostris (Jardine 1831, Graucalus) Caterpillar-catcher Lalage tricolor (Swainson 1825, Ceblepyris) Caterpillar-eater Karua leucomela (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Campephaga) Pied Caterpillar-eater Family Sphecotheride. Fig Birds Sphecotheres vieilloti (Vigors and Horsfield 1827) Fig Bird Sphecotheres flaviventris Gould 1849 Yellow-bellied Fig Bird *Sphecotheres salvadorti Sharpe 1877 Grey-throated Fig Bird Family Orthonycidz. Ground Birds, etc. Orthonyx maculatus (Stephens 1826) Logrunner Macrorthonyx spaldingi (Ramsay 1868, Orthonyx) Black-headed Logrunner Cinclosema punctatum (Shaw 1794, T'urdus) Spotted Ground Bird Cinclosoma castanotum Gould 184] Chestnut-backed Ground Bird Samuela cionnamomea (Gould 1846, Cinclosom) Cinnamon Ground Bird Samuela alistert (Mathews 1910, Cinclosomna) Black-breasted Ground Bird Drymodes brunneopygia Gould 1841 Scrub Robin Drymodes superciliaris Gould 1850 Northern Scrub Robin Pycnoptilus floccosus Gould 1851 Pilot Bird Hylacola pyrrhopygia (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Acanthiza) Ground Wren Hylacola cauta Gould 1843 Western Ground Wren Psophodes olivaceus (Latham 1801, Corvus) Coachwhip Bird
96 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Psophodes nigrogularis Gould 1844 Black-throated Coachwhip Bird Pomatostomus temporalis (Vigors & Hors. 1827, Pomatorhinus) Babbler : Morganornis superciliosus (Vigors & Hors. 1827, Pomatorhinus) White-browed Babbler Morganornis ruficeps (Hartlaub 1852, Pomatorhinus) Chestnut-crowned Babbler Calamanthus fuliginosus (Vigors & Horsfield 1827, Anthus) Striated Field Wren Calamanthus campestris (Gould 1841, Praticola) Field Wren Cinclorhamphus cruralis (Vigors & Horsfield 1827, Megalurus) Brown Song Lark Maclennama mathewsi (Iredale 1911, Cincloramphus) Rufous Song Lark Family Turdide. Thrushes, Chats, ete. Oreocincla lunulata (Latham 1801, Turdus) Ground Thrush Epthianura albifrons (Jardine & Selby 1828, Acanthiza) White-fronted Chat Parepthianura tricolor (Gould 1841, Hphthianura) Tricolored Chat Aurepthianura aurifrons (Gould 1838, Epthianura) Orange-fronted Chat Aurepthianura crocea (Castelnau & Ramsay 1877, Epthianura) Yellow-breasted Chat Ashbyia lovensis (Ashby 1911, Ephthianura) Desert Bush-Chat Family Sylviide. Warblers. Conopoderas australis (Gould 1848, Acrocephalus) Reed-Warbler Cisticola eatlis (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Malurus) Grass Warbler Poodytes gramineus (Gould 1845, Sphenceacus) Grass Bird Dulciornis alistert (Mathews 1912, Megalurus) Tawny Grass Bird
Nos.4 &5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 97
Eremiornis cartert North 1900 Desert Bird
Origmella solitaria (Lewin 1808, Sylvia) Rock-Warbler
Chthonicola sagittata (Latham 1801, Sylvia) Little Field-Wren
Acanthiza pusilla (White 1790, Motacilla) Brown Tit
Acanthiza nana Vigors and Horsfield 1827 Little Tit
Acanthiza inornata Gould 1841 Plain-coloured Tit
Acanthiza lineata Gould 1838 Striated Tit
Acanthiza uropygialis Gould 1838 Chestnut-rumped Tit
Acanthiza iredalei Mathews 1911
: ~ Thin-billed Tit
Milligania -robustirostris (Milligan 1903, Acanthiza) Thick-billed Tit
Geobasileus chrysorrhous (Quoy & Gaimard 1830, Saxicola) Yellow-rumped Tit
Geobasileus reguloides (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Acanthiza) Buff-rumped Tit
Geobasileus hedleyi (Mathews 1912, Acanthiza) Dark Brown Tit
Pyrrholemus brunneus Gould 1841 Red-throat
Neosericornis lathami (Stephens 1817, Muscicapa) Yellow-throated Scrub Wren
Sericornis frontalis (Vigors & Horsfield 1827, Acanthiza) Scrub Wren
Sericornis magnirostris (Gould 1838, Acanthiza) Large-billed Scrub Wren
Sericornis maculatus Gould 1847 Spotted Scrub Wren
Sericornis ? tyrannulus De Vis 1905 Northern Scrub Wren
98 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Tasmanornis humilis (Gould 1838, Sericornis) Brown Scrub Wren
Oreoscopus gutturalis (De Vis 1890, Sericornis) Collared Scrub Wren
Acanthornis magnus (Gould 1855, Acanthiza) Scrub Tit
Malurus cyaneus (Gmelin 1789, Motacilla) Blue Wren
Malurus melanotus Gould 1841 Black-backed Wren _
Malurus splendens (Quoy & Gaimard 1830, Saxicola) Banded Wren
Hallornis leuconotus (Gould 1865, Malurus) White-winged Wren
Nesomalurus leucopterus (Dumont 1824, Malurus) Black and White Wren
Leggeornis lamberti (Vigors & Horsfield 1827, Malurus) Variegated Wren
Leggeornis elegans (Gould 1837, Malurus) Red-winged Wren
Leggeornis amabilis (Gould 1851, Malurus) Lovely Wren
Leggeornis pulcherrimus (Gould 1844, Malurus) Blue-breasted Wren
Rosina coronata (Gould 1857, Malurus) Purple-crowned Wren
Ryania melanocephala (Latham 1801, Muscicapa) Red-backed Wren
Stipiturus malachurus (Shaw 1798, Muscicapa) Emu Wren
Sphenura brachyptera (Latham 1801, T’urdus) Bristle Bird
Maccoyornis broadbenti (McCoy 1867) Rufous Bristle Bird
Diaphorillas textilis (Dumont 1824, Malurus) Grass Wren
Diaphorillas striata {Gould 1840, Dasyornis) Striated Grass Wren
Nos. 4 &5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 99
Lyramytis goydert (Gould 1875, Amytis) Lake Eyre Grass Wren Magnamytis woodwardi (Hartert 1905, Amytornis) White-throated Grass Wren — Magnamytis dorothee Mathews 1914 Black and White Grass Wren Magnamytis houser (Milligan 1902, Amytis) Black Grass Wren Family Artamide. Wood Swallows Artamus leucoryn(chus) (Linné 1771, Lantus) White-rumped Wood Swallow Campbellornis personatus (Gould 1841, Ocypterus) Masked Wood Swallow Campbellornis superciliosus (Gould 1837, Ocypterus) White-browed Wood Swallow Austrartamus cinereus (Vieillot 1817, Artamus) Black-faced Wood Swallow Angroyan cyanopterus (Latham 1801, Loaia) Wood Swallow Micrartamus minor (Vieillot) Little Wood Swallow Family Prionopide. Shrike Thrushes, etc. Colluricincla harmonica (Latham 1801, Turdus) Shrike Thrush Colluricincla brunnea Gould 1841 Brown Shrike Thrush Colluricincla rufiventris Gould 1841 Butt-bellied Shrike Thrush Alphacincla woodwardi (Hartert 1905, Colluricincla) Red-bellied Shrike Thrush Conigravea parvula (Gould 1845, Colluricincla) Little Shrike Thrush Caleya megarhyncha (Quoy and Gaimard 1830, Muscrcapa) Rufous-breasted Shrike Thrush Bowyeria bowert (Ramsay 1885, Collyriocincla) Stripe-breasted Shrike Thrush Gralline cyanoleuca (Latham 1801, Corvus) Magpie Lark
100 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Family Cracticide. Butcher Birds, etc. Gymnorhina tibicen (Latham 1801, Coracias) Black-backed Magpie Gymnorhina hypoleuca (Gould 1837, Cracticus) White-backed Magpie Melloria quoyt (Lesson and Garnot 1827, Barita) Black Butcher Bird Cracticus nigrogularis (Gould 1837, Vanga) Black-throated Butcher Bird Bulestes torquatus (Latham 1801, Latham) Collared Butcher Bird Bulestes mentalis (Salv. & D’Albertis 1876 (or 5 ?), Cracticus) Black-backed Butcher Bird Strepera graculina (White 1790, Corvus) Pied Crow Shrike Strepera melanoptera Gould 1846 Black-winged Crow Shrike Strepera fuliginosa (Gould 1837, Coronica) Black Crow Shrike Neostrepera versicolor (Latham 1801, Corvus) Grey Crow Shrike Family Falcunculide. Shrike Tits, ete. Falcunculus frontatus (Latham 1801, Lanvus) Shrike Tit Falcunculus leucogaster Gould 1838 Yellow-bellied Shrike Tit Oreoica gutturalis (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Falcwuncalus) Crested Bell Bird Family Sphenostomidsze. Wedge Bills, etc. Aphelocephala leucopsis (Gould 1841, Xerophila) Whiteface Aphelocephala pectoralis (Gould 1871, Xerophila) Chestnut-breasted Whiteface Aphelocephala castaneiventris (Milligan 1903, Xerophila) Murchison Whiteface
Sphenostoma cristatum Gould 1838 Wedge Bill
Nos. 4& 5.]. THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 101
Family Sittide. Treerunners
Neositta chrysoptera (Latham 1801, Sitta) Orange-winged 'Treerunner Neositta leucocephala (Gould 1838, Sittella) White-headed Treerunner Neositta pileata (Gould 1838, Sittella) Black-capped Treerunner Neosittella striata (Gould 1869, Sittella) Striated Treerunner Family Certhiide. Creepers Climacteris leucophea (Latham 1801, Certhia) White-throated Treecreeper Climacteris erythrops Gould 1841 Red-browed Treecreeper Climacteris superciliosa North 1895 White-browed Treecreeper Neochima picumna (Temm. & Laugier 1824, Clomacteris) Brown Treecreeper Whitlocka melanura (Gould 1843, Climacteris) Black-tailed Treecreeper Whitlocka melanota (Gould 1847, Climacteris) Black-backed Treecreeper Whitlocka rufa (Gould 1841, Climacteris) Rufous Treecreeper Family Zosteropide. White-eyes Zosterops lateralis (Latham 1801, Sylvia) White-eve Zosterops gouldt Bonaparte 1851 Green-backed White-eye Zosterops albiventris Reichenbach 1850 Pale-bellied White-eye Zosterops lutea Gould 1843 Yellow White-eye Family Diceide. Flowerpeckers Austrodiceum hirundinaceum (Shaw & Nodder 1792, Motacilla) Flowerpecker or Mistletoe Bird
102 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD fVol. IV.
Family Pardalotide. Pardalotes
Pardalotus punctatus (Shaw & Nodder 1792, Pzpra) Spotted Pardalote (Diamond Bird)
Pardalotinus melanocephalus (Gould 1838, Pardalotus) Black-headed Pardalote
Pordalotinus rubricatus (Gould 1838, Pardalotus) Red-browed Pardalote
Pardalotinus striatus (Gmelin 1789, Pipra) Yellow-tipped Pardalote
Nesopardalotus quadragintus (Gould 1838, Pardalotus) Forty-spotted Pardalote
Family Nectariniide. Sun Birds
Cyrtostomus frenatus (Muller 1483, Nectarinia)
Sun Bird Family Meliphagide. Honey-eaters
Melithreptus lwnatus (Shaw 1802, Certhia) White-naped Honey-eater
Melithreptus gularis (Gould 1837, Hamatops) Black-chinned Honey-eater
Melithreptus validirostris (Gould 1837, Haematops) Strong-billed Honey-eater.
Melithreptus atricapillus (Latham 1801, Certhia) Brown-headed Honey-eater.
Melithreptus affinis (Lesson 1839, Hidopsarus) Black-headed Honey-eater
Plectorhamphus lanceolatus (Gould 1838, Plectorhyncha) Striped Honey-eater
Myzomela sanguineolenta (Latham 1801, Certhia) Sanguineous Honey-eater
Myzomela erythrocephala Gould 1840 Red-headed Honey-eater
Cissomela pectoralis (Gould 1841, Myzomela) Banded Honey-eater
Cissomela nigra (Gould 1838, Myzomela) Black Honey-eater
Melomyza obscura (Gould 1843, Myzomela) Dusky Honey-eater
Nos. 4&5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 103
Acanthorhynchus tenwirosiris (Latham 1801, Certhia) Spinebill
Acanthorhynchus superciliosus Gould 1837
. White-browed Spinebill
Gliciphila melanops (Latham 1801, Certhia) Tawny-tronted Honey-eater
Purnella albifrons (Gould 1841, Glyciphala) White-fronted Honey-eater
Ramsayornis modestus (Gray 1858, Glyciphila) Brown-backed Honey-eater
Ramsayornis fasciatus (Gould 1843, Glyciphila) White-breasted Honey-eater
Grantiella picta (Gould 1838, Entomophila) Painted Honey-eater
Lacustroica whiter North 1910 Inconspicuous Honey-eater
Conopophila albogularis (Gould 1843, Entomophila 2) Rufous-breasted Honey-eater
Conopophila rufogularis (Gould 1843, Entomophila 7) Red-throated Honey-eater
Certhionyx variegatus Lesson 1830 Pied Honey-eater
Zanthomiza phrygia (Shaw 1794, Merops) Regent Honey-eater
Stigmatops indistincta (Vigors & Horsfield 1827, Meliphaga) Least Honey-eater
Glychicheera claudi (Mathews 1914, Macgillivrayornis) Green Honey-eater
Ptilotina analoga (Reichenbach 1852, Ptilotis) Yellow-spotted Honey-eater
Microptilotis gracilis (Gould 1866, Ptilotis) Little Yellow-spotted Honey-eater
Paraptilotis fusca (Gould 1837, Meliphaga) Fuscous Honey-eater
Paraptilotis chrysops (Latham 1801, Sylvia) Yellow-taced Honey-eater
Dorothina lewinit (Swainson 1837, Meliphaga) Yellow-eared Honey-eater
104 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
Dorothina albilineata (H. L. White 1917, Ptilotis) White-lined Honey-eater
Dorothina virescens (Vieillot 1817, Melithreptus) Singing Honey-eater
Dorothina versicolor (Gould 1843, Ptzlotis) Varied Honey-eater
Dovothina fasciogularis (Gould 1854, Ptilotis) Fasciated Honey-eater
Dorothina frenata (Ramsay 1875, Ptilotis) Bridled Honey-eater
Caloptilotis macleayana (Ramsay 1875, Ptilotis) Yellow-streaked Honey-eater
Nesoptilotis flavicollis (Vieillot 1817, Melithreptus) Yellow-throated Honey-eater
Nesoptilotis leucotis (Latham 1801, T'urdus) White-eared Honey-eater
Hemiptilotis cockerella (Gould 1869, Piilotis) White-streaked Honey-eater
Lophoptilotis leadbetert (McCoy 1867, Ptilotis) Helmeted Honey-eater
Lophoptilotis melanops (Latham 1801, T’urdus) Yellow-tufted Honey-eater
Lichenostomus cratitius (Gould 1841, Ptilotis) Wattled-cheeked Honey-eater
Sacramela keartlandi (North 1895, Ptilotis) Grey-headed Honey-eater
Sacramela ornata (Gould 1838, Ptzlotis) Yellow-plumed Honey-eater
Sacramela plumula (Gould 1841, Ptilotis) Yellow-fronted Honey-eater
Ptilotula flavescens (Gould 1840, Ptilotis) Yellow-tinted Honey-eater
Ptilotula penicillata (Gould. 1837, Meliphaga) White-plumed Honey-eater
Broadbentia flava (Gould 1843, Ptilotis) Yellow Honey-eater
Stomiopera unicolor (Gould 1843, Ptilotis) White-gaped Honey-eater
[Vol. IV.
Nos. 4&5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
Xanthotis flaviventer (Lesson 1828, Myzantha) Streak-naped Honey-eater
Phylidonyris pyrrhoptera (Latham 1801, Certhia) Crescent Honey-eater
Meliornis novehollandie (Latham 1790, Certhia) White-bearded Honey-eater
Purnellornis niger (Bechstein 1811, Certhia) White-cheeked Honey-eater
Manorina melanophrys (Latham 1801, Turdus) Bell Minah
Myzantha melanocephala (Latham 1801, Gracula) Black-headed Minah
Myzantha flavigula Gould 1840 (Myzanthe) Yellow-throated Minah
Coleia carunculata (Latham 1790, Merops) Red-wattle Bird
Dyottornis paradoxus (Daudin 1800, Corvus) Wattle Bird
Anthochera. chrysoptera (Latham 1801, Merops) Brush-wattle Bird
Acanthagenys rufogularis Gould 1838 Spiny-cheeked Honey-eater
Entomyzon cyanotis (Latham 1801, Gracula) Blue-faced Honey-eater
Philemon argenticeps (Gould 1840, Tropidorhynchus) Silver-crowned Friar Bird
Philemon yorki Mathews 1912 Helmeted Friar Bird
Tropidorhynchus corniculatus (Latham 1790, Merops) Friar Bird
Microphilemon orientalis (Latham 1790, Buceros) Yellow-throated Friar Bird
Family Motacillide. Wagtails and Pipits *Budytes flava (Linné 1758, Motacilla) Yellow Wagtail
Austranthus australis (Vieillot 1818, Anthaus) Pipit
105
106 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Family Alaudide. Larks
Mirafra javanica Horsfield 1821 Bush Lark Family Ploceidz. Plocean Finches
Tavistocka guttata (Shaw 1796, Lowia) Spotted-sided Finch
Zonoginthus bellus (Latham 1801, Lowia) Fire-tailed Finch
Zoneginthus oculatus (Quoy & Gaimard 1830, Fringilla) Red-eared Finch
Teniopygia castanotis (Gould 1837, Amadina) Chestnut-eared Finch
Emblema picta Gould 1842 Painted Finch
Steganopleura bichenovii (Vigors & Horsfield 1827, Fringilla) Banded Finch
Donacola castaneothorax (Gould 1837, Amadina) Chestnut-breasted Finch
Donacola flartprymna Gould 1845 Yellow-rumped Finch
Donacola thorpei (Mathews 1913, Lonchura) Dun Finch
Erythura trichroa (Kittlitz 1833, Fringilla) Blue-faced Finch
Heteromunia pectoralis (Gould 1841, Amadina) White-breasted Finch
Aidemosyne modesta (Gould 1837, Amadina)’ Plum-head Finch
Aegintha temporalis (Latham 1801, Fringilla) Red-browed Finch
Bathilda ruficauda (Gould 1837, Amadina) Red-faced Finch
Poéphila acuticauda (Gould 1840, Amadina) Long-tailed Finch
Poéphila gouldic (Gould 1844, Amadina) Gouldian Finch
Alisteranus cinctus (Gould 1837, Amadin«) Black-throated Finch
Nos. 4&5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 107
Neopoéphila personata (Gould 1842, Poéphila) Masked Finch Neochmia phaeton (Hombron & Jacquinot 1841, Fringilla) Crimson Finch Neochmia albiventer Mathews 1914 White-bellied Crimson Finch Family Oriolide. Orioles Mimeta sagittata (Latham 1801, Coracias) Oriole Mimeta flavocincta (King 1826, Mimetes) Yellow Oriole Family Dicruride. Drongoes Dicruropsis bracteatus (Gould 1843, Dicrurus) Spangled Drongo Family Graculide. Glossy Starlings Metallopsar metallicus (Temm. & Laugier 1824, Lamprotornis) Shining Starling Family Ptilonorhynchide. Bower Birds
Ptilonorhynchus violaceus (Vieillot 1816, Pyrrhocoraz) Satin Bower Bird
Scenopoéetes dentirostris (Ramsay 1876, Scenopoéus) Tooth-billed Bower Bird
Ailuredus crassirostris (Paykull 1810, Lantus) Cat Bird
Ailuredus melanotus (Gray 1858, Ptilonorhynchus) Spotted Cat Bird
Chlamydera maculata (Gould 1837, Calodera) Spotted Bower Bird
Alphachlamydera cerviniventris (Gould 1850, Chlamydera) Fawn-breasted Bower Bird
Rogersornis nuchalis (Jardine & Selby 1830, Ptilonorhynchus) Great Bower Bird
Sericulus chrysocephalus (Lewin 1808, Meliphaga) Regent Bird
Prionodura newtoniana De Vis 1883 Golden Bower Bird
108 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD MolielWe
Family Paradiseide. Birds of Paradise Ptiloris paradisea Swainson 1825 Rifle Bird Craspedophora magnifica (Vieillot 1819, Falcinellus) Cape York Rifle Bird Phonygammus keraudreni (Lesson & Garnot 1826, Barita) Manucode
Family Corvide. Crows Corvus coronoides Vigors and Horsfield 1827 Raven Corvus bennetti North 1901 Small-billed Crow Corvus cecilee Mathews 1912 Northern Crow Siruthidea cinerea Gould 1837 Grey Jumper Corcorax melanorhamphus (Vieillot 1817, Coracia) White-winged Chough
LORD HOWE ISLAND AVIFAUNA.
THE tollowing birds occur on Lord Howe Island, but not on the Australian mainland.
Family Thalassidromide. Storm-Petrels
Fregettornis royanus Mathews 1914 Black Storm-Petrel Fregettornis insularis Mathews 1915 Striped Storm-Petrel Fregettornis alisterti Mathews 1915 Allied Storm-Petrel , Fregettornis grallarius (Vieillot 181%, Procellaria) White-bellied Storm-Petrel
Family Procellariide. Shearwaters or Fulmars
Pterodroma melanopus (Gmelin 1789, Procellaria) Brown-headed Petrel
Nos. 4 & 5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 109
Pterodroma neglecta (Schlegel 1863, Procellaria) Kermadec Petrel Family Sternide. Terns and Noddies Procelsterna cerulea (Bennett 1840, Sterna) Little Grey Noddy Family Treronide. Fruit Pigeons Raperia godmane Mathews 1915 White-throated Pigeon (Extinct) Family Rallide. Rails Tricholimnas sylvestris (Sclater 1869, Ocydromus) Woodhen Family Gallinulide. Gallinules
Porphyrio albus (White 1790, Fulica) White Gallinule (Extinct)
Family Platycercide. Broad-tailed Parrakeets
Cyanoramphus novezealandie (Sparrman 1787, Psittacus)
Green Parrakeet (Extinct)
Family Muscicapide. Flycatchers Royigerygone insularis (Ramsay 1878, Gerygone)
Flyeater
Family Turdide. Thrushes
Planesticus xanthopus (Forster 1844, Turdus)
Blackbird
Family Zosteropids. White-eyes
Nesozosterops strenua (Gould 1855, Zosterops) Robust White-eye Zosterops tephropleura Gould 1855 Grey-breasted Silver-eye Family Graculide. Glossy Starlings
Aplonis fuscus Gould 1837 Starling
110 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
NORFOLK ISLAND AVIFAUNA.
THE following birds occur on Norfolk Island, but not on the Australian mainland.
Family Sternide. Terns and Noddies Procelsterna cerulea (Bennett 1840, Sterna) Little Grey Noddy Leucanous albus (Sparrman 1786, Sterna) White Tern Family Treronide. Fruit Pigeons Hemiphaga noveseelandie (Gmelin 1789, Columba) Pigeon (Extinct) Family Platycercide. Broad-tailed Parrakeets Cyanoramphus novezealandie (Sparrman 1787, Psittacus) Green Parrakeet Family Nestoride. Kakas and Keas Nestor productus (Gould 1836, Plyctolophus) Long-billed Kaka (Extinct) Family Eudynamytide. Koels Urodynamis tattensis (Sparrman. 1787, Cuculus) Long-tailed Koel Family Muscicapide. Flycatchers Royigerygone modesta (Pelzeln 1860, Gerygone) Flyeater Pachycephala xanthoprocta Gould 1838 Thickhead Diaphoropterus leucopygius (Gould 1838, Symmorphus) Caterpillar-catcher Family Turdide. Thrushes Planesticus fuliginosus (Latham 1801, T’urdus) Grey-headed Blackbird Family Zosteropide. White-eyes Nesozosterops albogularis (Gould 1837, Zosterops) White-breasted White-eye Nezozosterops tenuirostris (Gould 1837, Zosterops) Slender-billed White-eye Family Graculide. Glossy Starlings Aplonis fuscus Gould 1837 Starling
Nos. 4 & 5.) THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 111
In the preceding List there are a few alterations which need explanation.
Hudyptes schlegeli Finsch 1876
Macaroni Penguin This must be referred to the family Spheniscidz, and not to the Aptenodytide where it appeared, while the vernacular name of Hudyptes serresianus Oustalet should be: “* Yellow- crested Penguin.” This must be added, as it will be seen from the photograph provided by Hull (Rec. Austr. Mus., Vol. XIT., pl. x1., fig. 2, 1918) and description given by Dove (Ibis, 1915, p. 87) and reprinted by Hull, p. 73, that the specimen there dealt with from Devonport, Tasmania, is referable to the above species and does not belong to either of the other crested Penguins. It is in immature plumage, and when adult the crest shows yellow feathers on the fore- head, but in any case this species is larger than the others.
Adamastor cinereus (Gmelin 1789) Brown. Petrel
Priofinus was introduced for “cinerea Forst., equinoctialis Edw., etc., and arctica?’ Pr. cinerea Forst. is not P. cinerea Gmel., as Bonaparte pointed out when he proposed Adamastor (see Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris, Vol. XLIIT., pp. 994-996, footnotes, 1856). Gray gave cinerea Gmelin as type, and this has been followed by most writers, e.g., Amer. O U. Check List, 3rd ed., p. 54, 1910, but this is incorrect, so we have designated cquinoctialis Kdw., etc., that is cquinoctialis Linne 1758 as type, and Priofinus will become a synonym of Procellaria.
Hypoleucus perthi Mathews 1912 Pied Cormorant This becomes the species name, as we find the New Zealand species H. varius Gmelin 1789 to be quite distinct when fully plumaged birds, which are rare, are compared.
Hematopus wnicolor Forster 1844
Black Oystercatcher This name must be revived, as H. niger Temminck 1820 proves to be invalid through the prior introduction of Scolopax
112 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. 1V.
nigra Gmelin, also proposed for a Black Oystercatcher from America.
Acanthiza ewingii Gould and
Acanthiza flaviventris Ashby are omitted. Full details will be given in Mathews’s Birds of Australia.
Leucocirca leucophrys (Latham 1801) Black and White Fantail The reason for this alteration will also be found in Mathews’s Birds of Australia, the part dealing with this species being now in the printer’s hands.
Heteractitis brevipes Vieillot 1816 Grey-rumped Tattler We are agreed this is quite a distinct species from H. incanus Gmelin, and therefore reinstate it as above.
Dacelo noveguinee (Herrman 1783, Alcedo) Kookaburra This is an unfortunate change, necessitated through the acceptance of Herrman’s work as appearing earlier than that of Boddaert. Oreoica gutturalis (Vigors and Horsfield 1827) Crested Bell Bird This name must be reverted to, as Lewin was anticipated in his choice of T’urdus cristatus by Pennant twenty years before.
Since the above was drawn up, the Auk for July 1920 has been received, including the Seventeenth Supplement to the American Check List, which shows a number of changes of nomenclature still further drawing together towards uniformity the names of the birds of the world. Therein is accepted the usage of Catharacta, Hydroprogne, Thalasseus, Chlido- nias, Pterodroma, Casmerodius, Crocethia, Tringa, Pluvialis, Charadrius, Tyto as proposed in Mathews’s Check List, and all, save Hydroprogne and Thalasseus, which are ranked as subgeneric only, with the same status. They also accept Sula dactylatra for the Masked Gannet.
Nos.4&5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 113
The matters at variance are as follows: Moris is used for the Gannet which is considered separable from Sula, and they do not admit that Moris is the same as Morus. Forster used this name following Leach, whom they quote as if a valid publication, and in spite of the Opinions of the International Commission, and Moris is apparently simply a printer’s error for Morus. In Leach’s MSS. in the British Museum the abnormal number of printer’s errors is remarkable, and in Forster’s Catalogue we can read Octogometra, Octygometra and Ortygometra, as well as others. Such a matter as this should have been considered with all the facts in view.
Crocethia alba (Pallas) is preferred to Crocethia leucophea (Pallas), both specific names being published in Vroeg’s Catalogue, and this matter requires reconsideration betore final settlement, but we use C. alba for uniformity.
They have rejected Heteractitis in favour of Heteroscelus, which they determine to be valid, although there is a prior Heteroscelis, which is absolutely the same word and simply shows an error in transliteration which is amenable to emendation according to the Opinions of the International Commission.
They have rejected the Oken names and also those of Lepechin, and moreover are not acknowledging those proposed by binary authors save those by Brisson. In these items we are in accord and soon there will be absolute unanimity, the one bar at present being their reluctance to admit the British usage of Colymbus for the Divers, but this seems merely a matter of adjustment in the near future. A few other items which do not concern Australians are cleared up, but in the Swan names they show again a reluctance to correct an error as the type of Cygnus, whether of Zimmermann or Bechstein, by tautonymy, is Anas cygnus L. and consequently Olor cannot be maintained.
We are gratified to be able to record so much advancement, and there can be little discussion on the subject of nomen- clature for many years now, errors being corrected as soon as they are detected, and attention paid to systematic classification, morphology, ecology and economy.
114 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
FORGOTTEN BIRD-ARTISTS AND AN OLD-TIME ORNITHOLOGIST.
By Grecory M. MatHEws AnD Tom IREDALE.
THE fame, for good or bad, of an ornithologist depends upon publicity, and it is unfortunate that some of the older orni- thologists have been overlooked. Similarly an artist may have done splendid service but be practically unknown through a lack of signature to the work done.
When the Watling drawings were received at the British Museum the whole were ascribed to that painter because they had been furnished to his employer by him, but examina- tion has shown that the majority was not drawn by him but by one or two assistants whose identity is at present unknown. Further, a book of drawings in the Banksian collection in the British Museum was also ascribed to Watling by James Britten, who wrote (Journ. Botany, Vol. XL., p. 302, 1902) : “ Apart from its contents (the real Watling book is here referred to) the volume is interesting on account of the light which it throws upon an entry on p. 253, Vol. I., of Dryander’s ‘Catalogue of the Banksian Library’; this runs ‘ Volumen foliorum 70, continens figuras animalium et plantarum pictas quas in Nova Cambria prope Port Jackson delineavit Edgar Thomas Dell.’ In Banks’s copy the last four words are struck out, and a comparison of the volume with the one acquired from Mr. Lee shows that it is the work of the same artist. Watling was acquainted with John White (‘ Surgeon-General to the Settlement ’), who sent plants to Smith, and published in 1790 his ‘Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales’ ; one or two of Watling’s drawings were executed for White.”
We have recently examined this volume and find the paintings are certainly not made by Thomas Watling, from comparison with work signed by that artist.*
* Note.—Our attention was drawn to this by Mr. H. W. England, in charge of the books in the Zoological Department at the British Museum (Natural History) who is well aware of our interest in these paintings, and who has always assisted us in connection with our examination of the drawings, and. to whom we here tender our best thanks,
Nos. 4 & 5.]| THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 115
Some of the paintings were of birds which did not appear in the Watling drawings, but were described by Latham at the same time as he worked at the Watling drawings, from drawings in the possession of General Davies. This fact induced us to investigate the matter from two points—-that of the birds credited by Latham to General Davies, and that of the artists who had made paintings in the early settlement of New South Wales.
We will deal with the latter item first. In White’s Journal no mention of artists is made save “ the Drawings have been copied from nature, by Miss Stone, Mr. Catton, Mr. Nodder, and other artists ... The birds,.etc., from which the draw- ings were taken.” The artists mentioned were British artists, and in addition to those mentioned we find the signatures of EK. Kennion and — Mortimer. On the title page, however, is a little sketch upon which is engraved “I. White, Esq. delin.”” and White tells us on p. 107: “ Captain Hunter has a pretty turn for drawing.”
As we have not gained much from this, we will pass to Hunter’s Historical Journal when we find: ‘“ From a sketch by I. Hunter” and “ from a sketch by Gov. King.”
Referring now to Phillip’s Voyage, we see on the title page “ drawn on the spot by Capt. Hunter, Lieuts. Shortland, Watts, Dawes, Bradley, Capt. Marshall, etc.” Fortunately, the charts are signed by W. Bradley, W. Dawes, T. G. Shortland, and Captain J. Marshall, while the New Holland Cassowary is signed “ Lieutenant Watts del.”
We have written ‘‘fortunately,” as a large number of the “ Watling’ drawings seem to have been drawn by a carto- grapher, as they are surrounded by the triple lined border, so familiar on charts. Consequently, we may guess that probably for amusement the cartographers painted the rare birds which the artist Watling was employed in portraying and perhaps others also indulged in this fascinating new pastime.
The drawings in the book mentioned by Britten are such that they are comparable with the supposed cartographers’ drawings, but not with the paintings made by Watling himself. As recorded, they comprise seventy folios, but each side is
116 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. LV.
numbered so that the first painting is numbered 1, the second 3, the third 5, and so on. PAGE FIG. 1 1 is Myzomela sanguineolenta (Latham 1801, Certhza) 2 Neophema pulchella (Shaw and Nodder 1792,
Psittacus) 3 Chenonetta jubata (Latham 1801, Anas) 5 al Malurus cyaneus (Gmelin 1789, Motacilla) 2 Aleyone azurea (Latham 1801, Alcedo) ieeel Agintha temporalis (Latham 1801, Fringilla) 2 Angroyan cyanopterus (Latham 1801, Loxia) 1 ttf Lophoptilotis melanops (Latham 1801, T’urdus) 2 Nesoptilotis leucotis (Latham 1801, T’urdus) 17 Alisterus scapularis (Lichtenstein 1818, Pscttacus) 27 Malurus cyaneus (Gmelin 1789, Motacilla) 3 and & 31 Pardalotus punctatus (Shaw and Nodder 1792, Pipra) 3 and Q 33 Grallina cyanoleuca (Latham 1801, Corvus) 43 Entomyzon cyanotis (Latham 1801, Gracula) 45 Petroica multicolor (Gmelin 1789, Muscicapa) 47 Uroaétus audax (Latham 1801, Vultur) 51 Platycercus elegans (Gmelin 1788, Psittacus) 53 Sphenura brachyptera (Latham 1801, 7’wrdus) 55 Glossopsitta concinna (Shaw and Nodder 1791, Psittacus) 57 Trichoglossus moluccanus (Gmelin 1788, Psittacus) 59 Graucalus robustus (Latham 1801, Lanzus) 61 Myzantha melanocephala (Latham 1801, Gracula) 63 Coleia carunculata (Latham 1790, Merops) 65 1 Tavistocka guttata (Shaw 1796, Lox) 2 Leucocirea leucophrys (Latham 1801, T’urdus) 67 Ieracidea berigora (Vigors and Horsfield 1827, Falco) 69 Zanda funerea (Shaw and Nodder 1794, Psitiacus) 71 TIxobrychus minutus (Linné 1766, Ardea) 73 Platycercus eximius (Shaw and Nodder 1792,
Psittacus)
Nos.4&5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD ay
PAGE FIG. 75 Calyptorhynchus banksii (Latham 1790, Psittacus) 95 Dromiceius noveehollandiz (Latham 1790, Casuarvus)
97 AXgotheles cristata (White 1790, Caprimulqus) 119 Cosmaerops ornatus (Latham 1801, Merops) 121 Eurystomus orientalis (Linné 1766, Coracias)
124 Indeterminable, signed W.T. (? Watkin Tench.) 126 Ditto 137 Ditto
The drawings on page 7 suggested a possible solution to these figures as Fig. 2 was a beautiful painting of a Wood- Swallow, and reference to Latham’s Second Supplement under the name Blue-winged Gr(osbeak), p. 197, we found “ Inhabits New South Wales; found at. Port Jackson. From a drawing by General Davies.” We therefore went all through this Supplement, picking out the species mentioned in connection with General Davies, with the following results :
p. 75. Frontal Shrike). Lanius frontatus Index, p. Xviil. * Inhabits New Holland, and is in the collection of General Davies.” p. 87. Crimson-fronted P(arrot). This variety is in the possession of General Davies. p- 89. Turcosine P(arrakeet). Psittacus pulchellus Shaw. ‘*“ One of these, in the collection of General Davies.” The remarks appear to refer to the figure seen in the book above mentioned on the first page. p. 129. Black-headed Gr(akle). Gracula melano- cephala, p. XXvill. “Tnhabits New South Wales. I am indebted to General Davies for the knowledge of this species, having been brought from Port Jackson, by Governor King.”
118 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
The figure on page 61 is of this species, but the description does not exactly agree, as if this were only the drawing while Latham had described from a bird skin or preserved specimen.
p. 130. Pied Gr(akle). Gracula picata, p. xxix. “ Inhabits New South Wales, with the last species.” The figure on page 33 appears to have been the basis of this description, it agrees so well.
p- 130. Blue-eared Gr(akle). Gracula cyanotis, ]Os OMB, “Tnhabits New Holland; brought from Botany Bay. I am obliged to General Davies for the above description.” On page 43 the figure of this bird is excellent, and the description could have been prepared from it.
p. 150. Wattled B(ee) E(ater). “At General Davies's is one of this species which GinerS.) 5.77 The details cited apply fairly well to the painting on p. 63. p. 152. Hooded B(ee) Kater). Merops cucullatus, p- XXXII.
“TInhabits Mew Holland. In the collection of General Davies.”
The figure on page 61 agrees well, but not exactly, with the description of this species.
p. 155. Variegated B(ee) K(ater). Merops ornatus, [Os 2CO-0K “This is said to be the male bird. I met with it in the collection of General Davies.” On page 119 is a splendid painting of this species. p. 156*. White-fronted Bee) (ater). Merops albifrons, p. XXXv.
“TY am obliged to General Davies, for the above descrip- tions, having made drawings of them from specimens in the possession of Captain King, which were brought from Port Jackson, in New South Wales.”
Unfortunately there is no painting which can be allotted to this, as yet, unidentified species, but we include this note
Nos. 4& 5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 119
as it throws light upon the method of receipt and the fact of the descriptions being made from, or at the same time as, the drawings, and that probably a collection of birds at that time included drawings on account of the rarity of the actual specimens.
p. 197. Blue-winged Gr(osbeak). Loxia cyanoptera, joe xdhyilg ‘“Tnhabits New South Wales; tound at Port Jackson. From a drawing by General Davies.” The painting on page 7 is the basis of this description, or if not, is certainly a copy, or vice versa. Until another series of paintings is found we should class these as originals.
p- 210. White-headed Finch). Fringilla leuco- cephala, p. xlviil. “Tnhabits New South Wales. From the drawings of General Davies.” The same remarks apply to the painting on page 65. p. -211. Temporal F(inch). Fringilla temporalis, p. xvii. “Several drawings of birds probably allied to this. . . For these I am indebted to the drawings of General Davies.” One of these appears on page 7, and the fact that several are referred to above suggests the fact of missing books of pictures yet to be traced.
p. 216. Red-bellied Fl(ycatcher).
“Is one from Port Jackson, in the drawings of General Davies. . . . This came from Port Jackson, and was communicated by General Davies.”
The paintings on page 45, or a copy, are here referred to, so that again we must look for more paintings. p. 253. Speckled M(anakin).
“Tnhabits New Holland. I am indebted to the pencil of General Davies for these descriptions, taken from specimens in the possession of Captain King.”
The pictures on page 31 agree in detail with the remarks given at the quotation, so that here again we are compelled
120 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
to consider these paintings as more or less exact copies, if not originals, of the remarks.
p- 371. Black-breasted Cr(ow). Corvus melanogaster, [Os Oe “Tnhabits Port Jackson.” Under China Owl, p. 368, is written “for this, and many of the following, I am indebted to General Davies.”
This seems to be based on the figure on p. 59, it agrees so well, but the figure on p. 121, a good painting of the Roller, does not agree with the description on p. 371 of the Pacific Roller.
p. 372. Azure K(ingfisher). Alcedo azurea, p. xxxii. “ Inhabits Norfolk Island.” On page 5 there is an excellent figure of this species, which might have been described from it.
p- 373. White-browed Thr(ush). Turdus leucophrys, p. xlv. * Found at Port Jackson. described from a drawing made from a specimen brought from thence by Governor King.” The painting on page 65 showed this previously unidentified species to have been based upon the Black and White Fantail.
p. 373. White-eared Thr(ush). Turdus leucotis, Papexlive “This inbabits the same parts as the Black-eyed Thrush, and is supposed by some to be the other sex of that bird.”
On page 11 are two paintings, one of this species, the other of the Black-eyed Thrush, p. 181 (T’urdus melanops), and this would seem to be the basis of the description of the first named and the source of Latham’s comment above quoted, from the fact of the two being painted together.
While the facts do not prove, they decidedly suggest, that the volume under notice contains figures of birds described by Latham as from the drawings of General Davies. It is possible that these are copies, or more probably, simultaneous paintings from the specimens from which General Davies’s drawings were made. In any case until other pictures are found, these drawings can be regarded as typical paintings of
Nos. 4& 5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 121
the species discussed above. The paintings call to mind some of the ones included in the Watling drawings as if they had been painted by the same artist. That would negative their ascription to General Davies himself, but they could have been copied by him. We once saw a painting, signed by John Hunter, of the Australian Jabiru which recalled others among the Watling drawings, but we would hesitate before concluding that Hunter had drawn any of the so-called Watling drawings.
Further, in the present vclume, pages 95 and 97 show paintings of the Emu and Owlet Nightjar agreeing absolutely with the ones reproduced in White’s Journal, but we would not consider these had been painted by White without further evidence.
Then on p. 124 is a painting quite unidentifiable, signed W. T., which agrees exactly with some of the unidentifiable paintings in the Watling series as to workmanship, etc., and pp. 126 and 127, though unsigned, are by the same artist and are also quite unrecognisable. The only member of the ship’s companies we have noted with these initials is Watkin Tench, but of course this is merely a guess.
Then who was General Davies? His name has cropped up quite commonly in the above connection, and it will be remembered that he apparently received the first Lyre-Bird in England, and, moreover, he was so struck by its beauty that he described it. Apparently he was no systematist, and he got Latham to draw up the description and mayhap select the name, so that Latham included it as a last item in his work, and due to the slowness in publication of the learned Society before which Davies read his account, Latham’s name was published first. Further, he also secured the first Emu Wren, but did not describe it but allowed Shaw, the Director of the British Museum, to do so, who acknowledged “ we are indebted to General Davies for the above.”’
In 1787 Latham had described in the First Supplement, p. 59, a var. C of the Blue-bellied Parrot, noting: ‘‘ This variety differs merely in having four or six spots of red tipped with yellow on the scapulars and inner bend of the wing, and the blue bounded with reddish at the nape. I observed it among
122 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
the drawings of Colonel Davies.” Mathews has discussed this in the Birds of Australia, as Kerr had named this variety Psittacus hematotus daviesianus.
However, it may be concluded that General Davies was one of the foremost and most enthusiastic of the early ornitho- logists, as we find Latham continually referring to General Davies in connection with other birds, which he had even collected himself as: “This was brought from Quebec, by General Davies, in 1790” occurs more than once, while a reference also occurs to Gibraltar.
We have not yet attempted to work out the life-history of General Davies, but the preceding remarks will show the interest of this old-time ornithologist, who, because he was no describer, has suffered neglect so that his name is scarcely known. Again, we have no valid trace of the identity of the artists who made these careful paintings of the objects of natural history of this new country, and yet who failed to sign their work. If this memo serves to keep alive the interest in these forgotten workers it will please us; and we should apologise for stating that this note has not been written for our own advertisement, as suggested by a recent critic who also stigmatised the drawings, without having seen them, as “crude sketches made by a convict.”
Year for year, the paintings are excellent first-class work and the artists, whoever they were, had reason to be proud of their success in delineating the objects they attempted.
We have just remembered that the present scientific name of the Gang Gang Cockatoo also stands to the credit of General Davies as recorded in Mathews’s Birds of Australia, Vol. VI., pt. 2, p. 155, 1917, as when Grant figured Psittacus fimbriatus he stated that the plate was reproduced from a design from the elegant pencil of Major-General Davies of the Royal Artillery, to whom Governor King presented the preserved specimen.
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SNIPE AND SANDPIPERS: A REARRANGEMENT. By Gregory M. MatHEews AnD Tom IREDALE.
Since the days of Coues the arrangement of Snipe, Woodcock and Sandpipers has been in a state of flux, scarcely any authorities being agreed upon the value of the observed differences between the species. It is necessary to remember that the differences do exist, but the estimates of their worth disagreed, according as the valuer was a lumper or a splitter. Consequently we see a few genera covering very diverse forms, or conversely almost each species raised to generic rank. In view of the geographical distribution of the series the latter course is recommended, as the former gives rise to much incongruity. We have always advocated the study of plumage changes, and Mathews has shown how the careful examination of eggs in the allied group of Plovers gave valuable assistance. We would employ the criticism of egg shells, unhatched young, downy young and plumage changes as productive of a stable assortment, and conclude that study of the internal characters will confirm the arrangement in every detail. This has been suggested by Lowe, who published the results of an osteological study of some members referring to a subfamily Eroliine. Lrolia alpina, Erolia minuta, Arquatella maritima, Ereunetes pusillus, Ancylochilus subarquatus, Calidris arenaria, Heteropygia acuminata, Muicro- palama himantopus, Canutus canutus, Hurynorhynchus pygmeus and Machetes pugnax and to subfamily Tringine. T'ringa ochropus, Tringa solitaria, Tringoides hypoleucos, Tringoides macularius, Rhyaco- philus glareola, Tringa calidris, Tringa flavipes, Tringa nebularia and Tringa stagnatilis.
Lowe added a note that the colour pattern characteristic of the downy nestling of the Ruff (Machetes pugnaz), as well as of the immature and female examples, was undoubtedly Eroliine in type, writing: “I refer to this here, as being a distinct point to the good in favour of colour pattern as a guide or clue to subfamily or generic affinities, borne out as
124 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
it is, in this instance, in the mest complete and definite way, by an appeal to osteological characters.”
We would have written it differently, but with the same meaning, viz., that superficial and internal features go hand in hand, the former being the more reliable.
Ridgway, in his excellent Birds of North and Middle America, part VIII., concluded : “ excellent reasons for the recognition of two subfamilies, apart from the Scolopacine, namely, the LEroliine and Tringine. Unfortunately Mr. Lowe’s researches are confined to only part of the genera, and he leaves us in ignorance concerning the affinities of Limosa, Vetola, Pseudoscolopax, Limnodromus, Catoptrophorus, Hetero- scelus, Tryngites, Bartramia, Numenius, Pheopus and Meso- scolopax. The first three of these almost certainly belong to the Eroliinz, and the two following to the Tringine, but the position of Tryngites, Bartramia, Numenius, Pheopus and Mesoscolopax is quite uncertain, and consequently I am not able to avail myself of Mr. Lowe’s two groups in the construc- tion of the above ‘ key,’ which therefore must be understood as a purely artificial one. Rostratula and the true Scolopacine also require special investigation, especially the former, which doubtless, on account of its many marked peculiarities, represents a distinct subfamily, Rostratuline. It is possible that if Mr. Lowe had been able to study all these genera when his paper was prepared he might have found that his groups, Eroliine and Tringine, are not so distinct as they appeared to be, some of the genera not examined being possibly inter- mediate in characters. However this may be, the Scolo- pacinee (Woodcocks and true Snipes) seem to form one end of the series, the Eroliinze coming between them and the Tringine.
The curious genus Rostratula has usually been placed with this group (Scolpacinz), but judging from external characters alone, almost certainly does not belong here.”’
Then under Eroliine he included Limosa and Vetola only tentatively, but still separating these from Numenius, ete. which he referred to the Tringine.
Errors are apparent in the preceding as Lowe, through ignorance of nomenclatural usages and unfamiliar with bird
Nos.4& 5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 125
names, had used wrongly the names for his genera and species, while Ridgway had overlooked Lowe’s second paper which appeared in the succeeding number of the Ibis, where, dealing with the “living” fossil Cenocorypha, he had given figures and a few notes on Rhynchea = Rostratula, where he indicated that it might be “ aberrantly Tringine,” but could see nothing Ralline in it, nor Eroliine, Gallinagine or Rusticoline. The last item provides the keynote to this essay as (as hereafter shown) Oberholser has reviewed Lowe’s grouping and accepted the three subfamilies suggested by Lowe, but has altered the names to be used in accordance with his own idea of type determination of families and subfamilies, proposing Canutine,
Scolopacine and Numeniinz, but giving no limits and even
questioning the inclusion of Numenius with the Tinga series.
In the recent Supplement to the A.O.U. Check List Oberholser’s
conclusions have been accepted and the American representa-
tives cited, so that we have now :
Canutine Oberholser = Eroliine Lowe. Macrorhamphus, Micropalama, Tringa, Arquatella, Pisobia, Pelidna, Erolia, Eurynorhynchus, Hreunetes, Calidris, Limosa, Machetes and Tryngites.
Scolopacine Oberholser and Lowe. Scolopaz, Philohela and Gallinago.
Numeniine Oberholser = Tringine Lowe. Glottis, Totanus, Helodromas, Rhyacophilus, Catoptrophorus, - Heter- actitis, Bartramia, Actitis and Numenius.
These genus names are as used in the Check List, but in the Supplement the following changes have been sanc- tioned, Macrorhamphus to Limnodromus, Tringa to Canutus, Calidris to Crocethia, Helodromas to Tringa and Heteractitis to Heteroscelus, while Machetes should have been changed to
- Philomachus.
To revert to earlier history, Sharpe in the Handlist admitted two subfamilies only, Totanine and Scolopacinz, the latter practically covering the Scolopacine and Eroliinz of Lowe.
According to our results a basic error appears in the grouping made by Lowe and practically accepted by Oberholser, and that is one which was fully exposed by Mathews in the Birds
126 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol IV.
of Australia, viz., the distinction between the Woodcocks and Snipes. Lowe in his second paper practically admitted this, but Oberholser overlooked it, and consequently there is still need for rearrangement. Superficially the differences are well marked and, of course, the internal structure confirms the observed items. Reference to the downy young plumage mentioned by Lowe shows a clear and easy clue to the arrange- ment desired. It seems that a close study of the plumage changes from the egg to the breeding adults would practically solve all the problems present. Owing to the fact that series of eggs and downy young are not yet available, a complete and exact arrangement cannot be provided. The present note will assist in removing some errors and indicate the means of correcting others.
The downy young of Pelidna (i.e. Hrolia Lowe errore) are characterised by a peculiarly coloured down which has been described as “ spangled ” with white dots, and we may retain this term.
This spangling is very distinctive, and is seen in the young of the Ruff, Sanderling, Dunlin, Curlew-Sandpiper, Little Stint, Broad-billed Sandpiper, and Knot, of which species the Ruff has never recently been lumped in with the remainder on account of its size, form and ornament, while the Sander- ling has always been marked as generically distinct on account of the lack of the hind-toe. However, as is well known, this spangling is a prominent feature of the Snipe, so that phylogenetically that must be ranked in the series. We have here then a remarkable feature common to a series of downy nestlings whose adults are easily and consistently regarded as distinct genera. If we believe in evolution at all, this series constitutes a natural group, and should be so considered whatever value we allot to the group.
A very distinct style of plumage, showing no spangling but an indistinct striped serial marking, is seen in the downy young of the Redshank, Dusky Redshank, Greenshank, Wood Sandpiper, Common Sandpiper and Terek Sandpiper. These downy nestlings are so alike that we have not yet seen well-marked differences, in the few yet available, to
Nos.4 &5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 127
separate the species, though the adults are easily named, in whatever plumage they may be. We would point out that all these seem to pass through the same immature stages, theugh some of the adults differ very appreciably. Con- sequently we have here a natural series, and to this series belongs the Godwit forms. The Curlews have also young of this style, and their relationship with this group is in- disputable, while it will be remembered that the eggs of the Godwits very closely resemble those of the Curlews. However, the item to be dealt with is the status of the Woodcock. In external features, as in internal, it disagrees very remarkably from all the others, while its ege coloration is distinct, so that we have now to examine the downy nestling and see what this shows. At first sight it is obviously no relation to the true Snipes, as Mathews has already decisively proved, and the resemblance is to the preceding. It differs in its leg formation which is quite unlike that of the Snipe or Red- shank series. We must, therefore, relegate the Woodcock to a group apart, and then we have to deal with its suggested relatives. Mathews discussed these in detail, pointing out the features whereby they could be recognised as differing in their sources from the superficial features alone. We refer to the group Seebohm christened Semi-Woodcocks, and which included two distinct series, one related to Snipes, the other to the Woodcock. Lowe has somewhat confused. the issue by using the term Semi-Woodcocks for both series indiscriminately ; so that we now propose to restrict the name Semi-Woodcocks to those of Rusticoline alliance, and coin the name Semi-Snipes for those showing Gallinagine derivation.
We are confronted with the recognition of a fourth sub- family or the transference of the Gallinagine forms to the Dunlin grouping. We can see superficial features that would allow of a subfamily separation of the Snipe from the latter, but the peculiar nestling seems to compel their asso- ciation, and as we have previously intimated, the present rearrangement is simply an improvement upon those already proposed, but is not regarded as final.
128 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Now, as to the subfamily names to be used. We cannot understand how there can be a type genus of a family when we have no basis of priority in group names. We arrange and rearrange the genera and species and utilise names of different values, but we do not fix types for these groupings, nor do we amend the names to suit the groups. There has been enough trouble in nomenclatural realms through attempts at type fixation of genera, without suggesting similar useless research and care in the recognition of higher group names. Oberholser has not studied the question deeply or he would never have advocated such a matter. Many of the names now accepted would need adjustment, so that we have con- cluded all names above the rank of genera should be based on the oldest genus name in the group. In this way the oldest genus is generally the type genus, but we don’t know how that has been reached. Consequently we arrive at the following grouping :
Famity SCOLOPACID.
Subfamily | Calidritinzee = Canutinze Oberholser = Eroliinz Lowe.
Subfamily Tringine = Numeniine Oberholser = Tringinz Lowe.
Subfamily Scolopacine = zd., Oberholser and Lowe (partly only)
The American genera referable to the first named would be as given by Oberholser for Canutinz with the rejection of Inmosa and the addition of Gallinago.
To the second, the Numeniinz Oberholser, would be added Limosa; while the last named would comprise Scolopax and Philohela only as North American representatives, but as extra-limital forms would include Neoscolopax, Cenocorypha, and the South American Chubbia and Homoscolopax, and probably Neospilura and Parascolopax, the last four genera having been proposed for Gallinago stricklandi Gray, G. imperialis Sclater, Scolopax solitaria Hodgson and Scolopax saturata Hodgson respectively.
Nos. 4 & 5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 129
The species Gallinago gigantea Temminck and Scolopax undulata Boddaert, classed by Seebohm as Semi-Woodcocks, may be called Semi-Snipes and classed under the genus Xylocota Bonaparte and referred to the neighbourhood of Gallinago in the Calidritine. It will be interesting to see the downy young of all these species and see how they confirm these conclusions.
It may be useful to reconcile the genera given in Sharpe’s Handlist with our present arrangement, and nominations as now accepted with subdivisions proposed.
The family Scolopacide in the first volume of the Hand- list (p. 157) was divided into two subfamilies, Totanine and Scolopacine. To the former was allotted Numenius, Meso- scolopax, Limosa, Macrorhamphus, Micropalama, Symphemia, Totanus, Helodromas, Heteractitis, Tringoides, Terekia, Pseudo- glottis, Glottis, Rhyacophilus, Pavoncella, Bartramia and Hreunetes ; and to the latter (p. 162) Tryngites, Hchmorhynchus, Prosobonia, Calidris, Eurynorhynchus, Limonites, Heteropygia, Arquatella,-Ancylochilus, Tringa, Pelidna, Limicola, Gallinago, LIimnocryptes, Neoscolopax, Scolopax, Philohela, Phegornis and Rostraiula.
We admit all the above save Rostratula which we separate, following Mathews, as a separate family Rostratulide, and we recognise three subfamilies as given above, the Sharpian names to be changed being numerous, as follows :
Macrorhamphus should be Limnodromus, Symphemia should be Catoptrophorus, Helodromas must be Tringa, Tringoides must be Actitis, Pseudoglottis should be Pseudototanus, Pavon- cella should be Philomachus, Calidris will be Crocethia, Inmomtes and Heteropygia will become Pisobia and Limno- cinclus, Tringa will be Caldris, Limicola should be Platy- rhamphus; while species classed under Gallinago will be placed in distinct genera in the Scolopacoid series, and other subdivisions should be recognised, as Phceopus, Vetola, Erythroscelis, Anteliotringa, etc.
The rejection of Gallinago in favour of Capella is discussed in the following article.
130 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
SHERBORN AND THE SYSTEMATIST. By Gregory M. MatHEews AND Tom I[REDALE.
We have previously called attention to the inestimable value of the life-work of C. Davies Sherborn, the Index Animalium, and we emphasise this by the title here chosen, in the hope that our results will attract other workers to study Sherborn’s panacea of the systematist. The systematist of the future will refer to the Index Animalium on every opportunity, but it seems a little cruel that the unexampled labour of Sherborn should not be realised during his lifetime. The dreary work entailed in the production of this abnormal and enormous collation of scientific names does not appear to be understood. No honours have been bestowed upon our friend, because he does not advertise. Had he been a foreigner, probably many English honours would have been conferred as well as numerous local ones. We expect he will be annoyed at this discussion, but it is the truth. We have continually referred to his work and have indicated errors in various authoritative systematic accounts, through lack of reference to the “ Index.”
This note is to attract attention to another overlooked bird book brought to our notice by Sherborn, during bis compilation of his second volume. The most remarkable fact in connection with this item is its constant quotation by the last generation of British ornithologists, since one of them brought forward one name used in it, viz., Scolopax celestis. This name is so well known that many of the older school will recognise it, yet in the same place names are proposed of more importance. As we are not specialists in Palearctic bird forms we will merely note the names proposed in the work, and leave their correct application to the study cf Palzarctic workers.
Scolopax colestis Frenzel, Beschr. der Vogel und ihrer Kier in der Gegend um Wittenberg, p. 58 (1801), is cited in Yarrell’s British Birds, 4th edition, as the basis of Gallinago celestis (Frenzel) used for the Common Snipe. This was due to Newton who had acquired a copy of Frenzel’s werk and noted the above name in it and concluded it was valid and novel.
Nos. 4&5.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 131
Examination of Newton’s copy, the only one in Britain known to him, by Sherborn, revealed many other unqucted names, and he generously allowed us to collate and comment upon these, for which kind permission we once more record our own best thanks, and add to these the thanks of the suc- ceeding generation of systematic ornithologists. The most important innovation is in connection with the very name quoted by Newton, Frenzel’s S. celestis, as Frenzel adds this is also called by authors CAPELLA C@LESTIS. There can be no doubt as to the validity of the genus name Capella, as in his systematic Index on the Linnean system he indexes Capella celestis. This introduction has never hitherto been recorded, and it means the rejection of Gallinago Koch 1816 in favour of Capella Frenzel 1801 as the generic name for the true Snipes, so we have Capella gallinago, etc. It is fortunate that this alteration is noticed now when the Snipe and Sand- piper names are undergoing so much reconsideration.
Another noticeable point is the proposal ct Embriza palustris for a Bunting, which is not the species later named by Savi 1829, and which must be renamed. As no synonyms are known to us, we propose the new name EMBERIZA COMPILATOR for Savi’s species which will be united to either pyrrhuloides, scheniclus or some other species, according to the idiosyncrasy of the particular European worker. The generic name for these Reed-Buntings seems tc be Schaniclus and the sub- generic name fcr the big-billed series Pyrrhwlorhyncha, but the nomenclature of the Buntings is much confused at present, the family (!) or subfamily being classed under one genus name for convenience (! !).
The third important item is the proposition of Motacilla celebs for the Bastardnachtigall. If this be the same bird as called by that name by Brehm and Hartert, it will come into use, as at present Hartert uses Hippolacs icterina (Vieillot 1817) for the species, and the name would become Hippolais calebs (Frenzel 1801).
The title of the book reads Beschreibung/der/Végel und ihrer Eyer/in der/Gegend um Wittenberg/zur Naturgeschichte des Churkreises/(by) Lic. Med. J. 8. T. Frenzel, Wittenberg,
132 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
1801. The Vorrede is dated October 1801. The birds are described in alphabetical order of vernaculars, preceded by a synopsis, noting division of birds into six orders—Accipitres, Pice, Anseres, Gralle, Galline and Passeres. Throughout the book names are given without authority, and many new names are proposed. Why Newton selected for use Frenzel’s Scolopax celestis and did not refer to the others, we cannot understand. As before noted, we cannot determine the exact application of all the names proposed, but here give the list and hope they will be carefully considered at the first oppor- | tunity by some competent authority. We give the vernaculars, but it will be noted these differ from the ones now jn use and are probably only local names invented by Frenzel himself.
While on the subject of Palearctic bird names we might point out that Motacilla lugubris Temminck 1820 is anticipated by Motacilla lugubris Lichtenstein 1819, and the name ot the British Pied Wagtail must become Motacilla alba yarrellia Gould. We will deal in detail with this in a succeeding article.
PAGE
28 Baumklette, kleine Certhia pusilla
29 Bergamsel Turdus montanus Bergfinke Fringilla anceps
30 Bergsperling Fringilla pumila
32 Bleikehlchen Motacilla varigata
(variegata)
Brandeule Strix stitula (stridula)
33 Brustwenzel Motacilla staperola
38 Dubbelschnepfe Scolopax media
43 Finke, der gemeine Fringilla vulgaris
47 Der grosse Fliegenschnapper Muscicapa rutila
52 Grasemticke, gemeine Motacilla altera Braungefleckle Grasemiicke Motacilla fusca Kleine graue Grasemticke Motacilla minor Schwarzliche Grasemticke = Motacilla nigricans Graue Grasemiicke Motacilla media
53 Graufink Fringilla subcana Graumaise Parus atricapilla
(To be continued.)
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THE AUSTRAL AVN,
RECORD.
Vol LV., No. 6. AuGust Ist; 1921.
CONTENTS. PAGE SHERBORN AND THE SYSTEMATIST i a Wee 20 \2 23
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO My LIST oF THE Brirps oF AUSTRALIA, 1913, anpD CHECK List,
Part I., 1920 ve i an ena leis) Notes oF INTEREST te i: Le ae oe tae USO AMOROPELIA a H, AS, a Ey 164
SHERBORN AND THE SYSTEMATIST.
By Gregory M. Marnews anp Tom JREDALE.
(Concluded. ) PAGE
55 Steinhanfling Linaria, saxatilis 57 Heckenspringer Motacilla dumetorum 58 Heerschnepfe Scolopax ccelestis
also Capella ccelestis 69 Moos kolbe Anas media fera 70 Bastardnachtigall Motacilla ccelebs 70 Neuntodter Lanius minor rutilus 72 Nussheher Pica glandaria minor 76 Rohrammerling Embriza palustris 79 Rohrweihe Falco palustris 81 Schwanzmaise Parus longicaudatus 83 Stieglitz Fringilla cardinalis 87 Die Holztaube Columba sylvestris
89 'Tannenmaise Parus sylvestris ater
134 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. 1V.
98 Das rostfarbige Wasserhuhn Fulica rubiginosa Braun und dunnschnablichten Wasserhuhn. Fulica fusca 99 Bunte Rohrhenne Fulica variegata
Then on p. 120 is a Lateinische Benennungen der Vogel nach Linneischen System wherein these names are indexed, and there also appears p. 32 Braunkehlchen Motacilla rubetta and p. 50 Gelbschwarzkehlchen Motacilla rupetra, both of which names we had omitted as misprints for rubetra, as such are not uncommon.
No. 6.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD | 135
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO MY LIST OF THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA, , 1913, AND CHECK . LS PART ey 1920:
By Grecory M. MAtTHEws.
Check List, p. 15.
ZAPORINA Forster, Pocket Encycl. Nat. Phenom., 1827. Type (by monotypy) Z. minuta= Rallus parvus Scopoli.
List, p. 48, and Check List, p. 29. An earlier reference is STERNA GOULDI Reichenbach, Synops. Av. Icon., 1845, based on Aves Natat. Longip., Vol. XXII., f. 829: West Australia. ;
List, p. 50. Alter the subspecific name to PROCELSTERNA CERULEA ALBIVITTA, as Gould’s Anous cinereus 18 preoccupied by (Sterna) cinerea Haldeman 1843 or Stolida cinerea Neboux 1844, given to a form of the same genus. _
List, p. 51, and Check List, p. 30. Add to synonymy of B. novehollandice LARUS ERYTHRORHYNCHUS Burton, Cat. Coll. Mamm. Birds Fort Pitt, Chatham, p. 46, (pref. April 1) 1838: New South Wales.
LARUS AUSTRALIS Reichenbach, Synops. Av. Icon., 1845, based on pl. 1, LxvB and 1077: New South Wales.
List, p. 79, and Check List, p. 50. An earlier reference is PLATALEA MELANORHYNCHOS Reichenbach, Synops. Av. Icon., 1845, based on pl. Lxxxiv., 424: New South Wales.
List, p. 86. Check List, p. 54.
Butor Forster, Pocket Encycl. Nat. Phenom., p. 417, 1827. Type (by monotypy) Ardea stellaris Linné.
List, p. 92, and Check List, p. 58. Add to the synonymy of genus Spatula RHYNCHOPLATUS Berthold, Naturl. Fam. Thierreich (Latreille), p. 84, 1827, (pref. Aug. 30, 1826.) Type (by monotypy) Anas clypeata Linn.
136 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vole IV.
List, p. 93, and Check List, p. 59. The name of the type of Nyroca should be Anas rufa Linné 1761, not A. nyroca Linné, error for ‘A. nyroca Gildenstadt 1769.
List, p. 107, and Check List, p. 68/9. Alter reference to Blagrus to Blagrus Gray, Genera Birds, Vol. III., Index p. 48 (Aug.) 1849, ex Blyth MS. Type (by original designation) Pontoetus leucogaster = Falco leucogaster Gmelin.
List, p. 113, and Check List, p. 73. Add to synonymy of Pandion haliaétus PANDION HALI2#TOS var. australis Burmeister, Verz. Zool. Mus. Halle, p. 24, (pref. March 15) 1850: new name for P. leucocephalus Gould.
List, p. 144, and Check List, p. 96. The earliest reference to Hirundolanius reads Buller, Manual Birds New Zeal., p. 7, (pref. Jan. 2) 1882, ex Clarke MS. Type (by monotypy) H. ceruleus = Hurystomus pacificus subsp. (Latham).
Add to synonymy of FH. 0. pacificus HIRUNDOLANIUS C4&RULEUS Buller, 2b.: Westport, New Zealand (a straggler only.)
List, p. 169. To the synonymy of Melanodryas cucullata add SAXICOLA JARDINIL Vigors and Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. (Lond.), Vol. XV., p. 236, Feb. 17, 1827: New South Wales (based on a female).
List, p. 209. The earliest reference reads Calamoherpe australis Lewin’s Nat. Hist. Birds New South Wales, 1838 (ed. Eyton), Index of Synonyms for plate 18, Reed Warbler: Paramatta, New South Wales.
and revaluate “CONOPODERAS AUSTRALIS MELLORI Mathews for the South Australian subspecies.
No. 6.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 137
p. 211. Read PooDYTES GRAMINEUS MILLIGANI nom. nov. for Megalurus striatus Milligan 1903, not Megalurus ? striatus Jerdon, Madras Journ. Lit. Science, No. 30, p. 169,
April 1844.
p. 218. Read GEOBASILEUS CHRYSORRHOUS ALEXANDERI nom. nov. for Acanthiza pallida Milligan 1903, not Acanthiza pallida ““Temm.’’ Finsch, Notes Leyden Mus., Vol. XX.,
p. 134, Sept. 1898.
p. 229. Add to synonymy of Stipiturus malachurus
MorTacinLaA FIMBRIATA Wilkes, Encyel. Londin., Vol. XVI., p. 102, 1817, founded on Le Vaill., Ois. d’Afr., Vol. III.,
pl. 130, f. 2: New South Wales.
p. 286. The type of Myzantha was first designated by Lesson,
Manuel d’Orn., p. 67, 1828.
Add to generic synonymy
PuHILANTHUS Lesson Traité d’Orn., p. 402, 1830. Type (by
present designation) Merops albifrons Shaw = Latham. Add to specific synonymy
MEROPS ALBIFRONS Latham, Index Ornith. Suppl. p. XXXV.,
(after May 30) 1801: New South Wales.
TurDuSs vaARIuS Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. dHist., Ist ed.,
Vol. XIV.,° p. 378, 1803: ‘Nouvelle Hollande = New
South Wales.
p. 296. MIRAFRA JAVANICA SODERBERGI nom. nov. for Mirafra javanica nigrescens Mathews 1912. Not Mirafra nigrescens Reichenow, Ornith. Monatsb., p. 39, March 1900.
p. 311. Add to the synonymy of Sericulus chrysocephalus PARADISEA IMPERIALIS Sieber, Isis, 1825, Beylage No. 1: new name for Oriolus regens Lesch. = Q. and G.
Check List, p. 2.
For Hudyptes serresianus, etc., read Hudyptes cristatus, Yellow-crested Penguin.
[Aptenodytes crestatus (sic) Miller, Hlus. Nat. Hist., pt. rx., pl. 49, 1785: Falkland Islands. Extra-limital.]
138 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
List, p. 152, and Check List, p. 101. To the synonmy of Hirundapus add PALLENIA Bonaparte Cat. Oiseaux d’Kurope (Parzudaki), p. 25, (ante Nov. 10) 1856. Type (by monotypy) P. caud- acuta Bp. ex Lath. = Hirundo caudacuta Latham.
List, p. 155, and Check List, p. 103. Add to synonymy CucuLus Prionurus Lichtenstein, Verzeichn. doubl. Mus. Berlin, p. 9, (pref. Sept.) 1823: New South Wales.
No. 6.] .. THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 139
NOTES OF INTEREST. By Grecory M. MatHEws AnD Tom IREDALE.
LICHTENSTEIN’S SALE CATALOGUES.
In connection with the name Alisterus scapularis (Lichtenstein) Mathews, in the Birds of Australia, has recorded data provided by C. W. Richmond in connection with price lists issued by the Berlin Museum concerning their duplicates. While it would have been an easy matter to counsel their rejection, usage has continually accepted the names proposed in two of them, more accessible and with fuller information than the others, so that no consistent plea can be urged against those which have not achieved familiarity. The tracts, issued as separates between 1816-1823, are so rare that we have not yet been able to see copies of them, but we here note that Lists (perhaps identical) occur in that accessible Journal, Oken’s Isis. They appear, however, to have been overlooked, as they appeared in the supplementary numbers and in the Litterarischer Anzeiger. The first one appears in the Isis 1818 Littr. Anz., col. 1103 et seq., the title reading : ‘‘ Verzeichniss von ausgestopften Sauge- thieren und Vogeln, welche aus 12ten October 1818 u. folg. Tage im. zoologischen Museum der Konigl. Universitat zu Berlin dem Mesitbietenden offentlich verkauft werden sollen.”’ The preliminary notice is signed Lichtenstein, and the following list of names have no authorities cited, so that, if any are new, they are undoubtedly nomina nuda. In the following year, as No. 20 of the Isis 1819 Litt. Anz., there is a “ Preis-Ver- zeichnisse der Saugethier- und Végel-Doubletten des Zoolo- gischen Museums der Universitat zu Berlin” again signed by Lichtenstein. The pages are numbered 77-80, and all the names are pure nomina nuda, though a lot of them are followed. by ““N” indicating they are new names, but many appear to be only new combinations. The succeeding “No. 21” continues and completes that list, but it is followed by a ‘ Preis-Verzeichniss der noch vorrathigen-Doubletten ” on
140 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
p. 82, which, unfortunately, includes Illiger’s names and cites references validating them. It may be recalled that Iliger had named many new species in the Berlin Museum, but that the descriptions were not published. Under the custom of that age these names were accepted as valid and cited as of Illiger. Until qualified by a description or reference to a published figure they are only ranked to-day as nomina nuda. In the present place references to published figures are given, and consequently such names are valid, not only as to their acceptable status but to their preoccupying later combinations. The names noted here are :—
p. 83. Picus auralentus I]l. Charpentier vert doré Azara. Picus coronatus Hl. Charp. a ventre rouge Azara Mas. Turdus xanthopygos Ill. Le Vaill., Ois. d’Afr., tab. 106. Turdus superciliaris Ill. Le Vaill., Ois. d’Afr., tab. 111. Motacilla lugubris Ill. Le Vaill., Ois. d’Afr., tab. 184, f. 1.
p. 84. Corvus sanguinicollis n. Pic 4 gorge ensanglantée Azara.
There is also p. 83, Muscicapa plumbea N. Corvus ampelinus Ill., but probably this is a nomen nudum.
While all these names may be synonyms, a complication in connection with the correct determination of African bird names being hereafter exposed, they may invalidate later names as the third one, Motacila lugubris; undoubtedly does. In this instance the discovery is very useful, as for the common British Pied Wagtail Temminck’s name of Motacilla lugubris was in use. The introduction of Temminck’s name was in such an uncertain state that an element of doubt must commonly have been felt as to the justice of its employment. Its absolute rejection on undebatable grounds is therefore very pleasing, especially as the name to be used for the British bird honours one of the most famous of British ornithologists, as already noted, but the correct spelling is Motacilla alba yarrellir.
To the Isis 1821, as Beylage No. 1, appears a “ Zweites Preisverzeichniss der Doubletten des Zoologischen Museums der Konigl. Universitat zu Berlin” by Lichtenstein. In this List there is quite a large number of names, and it seems that
No. 6.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 141
many of the names commonly accepted from the very well known 1823 List will date back to 1821. We have not col- lated in detail these Lists, but such a work should be under- taken by those interested in African and American birds. In 1823 was published, as a separate work the “‘ Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums . . . nebst Beschreibung vieler bieher unbekannter Arten”’ by Lichtenstein. This is very well known, but as noted above many of the names may date back to the 1821 List and complications may ensue. However, we find that all the names in this well-known work have probably not been correctly utilised, and on p. 9 we note: “ Cuculus prionurus Ill Nov. Cambr. austr.,” which has been omitted by Mathews from his synonymy through inadvertence. :
Footnote on p. 24 gives: “ F(ringilla) teatrix n. Textor Malimbus Temm.,’ which appears to be first publication of the genus name Textor, but it seems to be a nomen nudum.
Again, on p. 34 we note: “394. S. melanoxantha n. (1817), Tangara 4 miroir Temm. et Laug., Pl. col. 36, f. 1, 2. Tan. speculifera (1821).”
The dates appear to refer to the Isis lists above mentioned.
On p. 76 is described “ C(iconia) Abdimii n. Sphenorynchus Abdimii Hempr. et Ehren. in litteris.” This entry validates the genus name Sphenorynchus at this date and antedates the introduction of a Sphenorhynchus which was regarded as earlier. We have asked our friend Mr. D. A. Bannerman to record this in a paper he is publishing in connection with this species.
Sometimes a reference to “‘ Lichtenstein 1835” is noted, and recently this was inquired of from Friedlander’s of Berlin, who replied that the 1835 edition was simply a reprint of the 1823 Verzeichniss. There is, however, a small tract, “‘ Verz. Saugeth. ti. Vogeln Zool. Mus.,” dated 1835, which contains nomina nuda only. It is possible that some other editions may exist, aS there 1s a small 1837 “‘ Verzeichn. samml. neu- holland Nat.” by Lichtenstein which has many new nomina nuda, but there is the very well-known 1854 one, which is continually referred to.
142 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol IV.
Reference may here be made to another “ Preis List der Vogel aus Neuholland”’ which appeared in the Isis 1825, Beylage No. 1. In this three names occur accredited to Sieber (the collector) as follows: Psittacus bathurstii Sieber; this is a nomen nudum, and does not appear to have been referred to since; Columba lawsonii Sieber; this is also a nomen nudum, but was referred to C. elegans by Wagler as cited in Mathews’s Check List ; and Paradisea imperialis Sbr. (Oriolus regens Lesch.). This seems to be a reference to Oriolus regens published by Quoy and Gaimard in the same year, and Sieber’s name may be included in the synonymy of Sericulus chrysocephalus (Lewin 1808, Meliphaga).
BERTHOLD’S EDITION OF LATREILLE.
RICHMOND some years ago indicated the existence of the genus name, Hurhynchus, a synonym of Probosciger,in Berthold’s edition of Latreille. The recent acquisition of a copy of this work suggests the following note, as it does not seem to have been previously examined by any systematic ornithologist. The title-page shows it to be merely a German translation of Latreille with additions by Berthold. The additions, however, are few in number and provide very little of scientific interest, but in half a dozen instances Berthold has added Latin equivalents of the vernaculars provided by Latreille. The citation may be Berthold, Naturl. Fam. Thierreich (Latreille) ; the title-page is dated 1827, while the preface date is Aug. 30, 1826. The Latin names noted are:
p. 66. Gryphus (oder Grypaétus : Phena Sav.) =Griffon, p. 69 French ed.
p. 74. Hurhynchus (the species vernacular reference only to Psittacus aterrimus)=Eurhynque, p. 76.
p. 84. Cygnus, Anser (Anser [Oie], Leucopsis (Bernache, Cuv.), Anatica (Macreuse, Clangula [Garrot], Hider, Millouin, Cuv.), Anas (Rhynchoplatus [Souchet], Rhynchoceros [Tadorne] Cuv.).
No. 6.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 143
This is a translation of Latreille’s :
“Leg. Cygne, Oie (Oie, Bernache, Cuv.), Anatique (Macreuse, Garrot, Hider, Millouin, ejusd.), Canard (Souchet, Tadorne, ejusd.).”’
Consequently the names Gryphus, Eurhynchus, Leucopsis, Anatica, Rhynchoplatus and Rhynchoceros need record, but fortunately all are synonyms. It should be noted that Gryphus is not Gryphus Oken 1816, while the type of Anatica may be determined as the type of Macreuse Cuv., the other names giving no trouble.
ENCYCLOPEDIA LONDINENSIS.
As a delightful instance of the carelessness of the past generation of systematic ornithologists we call attention to an article published in the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., December 1867, p. 212 et seq. That article was published by J. Cassin, a well-known ornithologist, and displayed the multitude of new names proposed by an Englishman in an English Cyclopedia. Cassin made some stinging remarks about British ornithologists, but probably never anticipated how little they would be regarded. This most important article has been entirely ignored by the authors in The Catalogue of Birds of the British Museum, and it was pure chance ‘that indicated its existence to the present writers. How many changes may still be necessary cannot be estimated, as with our present accurate methods of date determination probably many of the names determined by Cassin as synonyms may have priority. Cassin’s results show only one name in connection with Australian ornithology, as follows : Motacilla fimbriata Wilkes, Ency. Lond., Vol. XVI., p. 102, 1817: New South Wales, founded on Le Vaill., Ois. d’Afr., Vol. IIT., pl. 130, f. 2, to the synonymy Stipiturus malachurus. We are investiga- ting the others, as in the British Museum (Natural History) Library there is now a beautiful copy. We have referred to a complication with regard to African bird nomenclature, and this is the book. As instance, Motacilla lugubris “Ul.” Licht. 1819 is based on Le Vaill., pl. 184, f. 1, and according to Sundevall the name of the bird there figured was Dromolca
144 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
cinerea Bp. ex Vieill. Cassin notes that Motacilla tractrac Wilkes, Ency. Lond., Vol. XVI., p. 89, 1817, was based on the same plate and is earlier than @nanthe cinerea Vieillot 1818 on same plate. Many such instances appear obvious.
_TURDUS VARIUS.
As proposed by Pallas and accepted as of 1811 this name was long in use for the rare British Bird commonly known as White’s Thrush. In 1821 Horsfield used the same combination for an allied, but different, Thrush. It was then found that Pallas’s name could only be used as dating from 1827, and consequently was preoccupied, but a name earlier than that date was unearthed. Previously, however, Horsfield’s Thrush had been renamed 7’. horsfieldi, but of course when it was recorded that Pallas’s name was later, a reversion to Horsfield’s varius became necessary. In the Vogel der Palaarktischen Fauna, heft vi., 1910, Hartert did not make this correction, but we believe it has since been revived ; in the same place Hartert, p. 648, used Turdus dawma major (Ogawa) ex Geocichla major Ogawa 1905, while on p. 647, as a synonym of T. v. viscivorus, Turdus major Brehm 1831 was included. Such action is more confusing than genus splitting, as to the majority Oreocincla is an easily recognisable genus from T'urdus s. str. as typified by viscivorus. In the same place (p. 664) we find Turdus torquatus orientalis (Seebohm) ex Merula torquata orientalis Seebohm 1888 but there is Turdus orientalis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., pt. m., p. 821, 1789. Recently —Hemichehdon fuliginosa Hodgson 1845 has been renamed because Hartert classed it under Muscicapa as M. sibirica fuliginosa, and there was a prior M. fuliginosa Sparrman. This seems somewhat ridiculous, but it may prove the best method of attracting attention to the absurdity of genus lumping when carried to the extreme. The lumping of the various forms of Oreocincla under one species name is also unscientific, as the variation in the number of tail-feathers should indicate. After this preamble we arrive at the item of importance, the existence of a Turdus varius anterior to either Pallas “1811” or Horsfield 1821, namely of Vieillot 1803. This means the recognition still of
No. 6.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 145
horsfieldi for the Javan Oreocincla, as Vieillot’s 7. varius has nothing to do with this group.
In the first edition of the Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., Vol. XIV., p. 378, 1803, Vieillot names “‘ Le Merle gris a téte noire de la Nouvelle Hollande ” T'urdus varius. In the second edition, the one commonly accessible and usually referred to, Vol. XX., p. 264, 1818, the name is given as.“ T'urdus varius Lath.” and thereby escaped notice. No such name was proposed by Latham, and we conclude that Vieillot’s name must rank as a synonym of Myzantha melanocephala (Latham), to which we would add Merops albifrons Latham, Suppl. Index Ornith., p. xxxv., 1801, as we note a drawing among those in the possession of Latham which is so named and probably paratypical to be meant for this species. Lesson’s Philanthus (Traité d’Orn., p. 402, 1830) may be passed into this synonymy, the type here selected being Merops albifrons ; but the generic name is preoccupied.
MILLER’S ILLUSTRATIONS.
THE acquisition by the British Museum (Natural History) Library, through the ability of Mr. Sherborn, of a beautiful and (at present) unique copy of this extremely rare work has again completed and simplified the nomenclature of the Crested Penguins. We, some years ago, endeavoured to elucidate this, and our results were accepted by the Hditor of the Ibis for publication, but we were not satisfied with the permanency of our conclusions, and therefore withdrew the paper after its existence had been indicated in an article by one of us in the Emu. Just recently we outlined our results in the Manual of the Birds of Australia and now almost immediately a renomination becomes necessary. This time we feel on a surer basis and hope for a little permanency to the following account.
Forster, in preparing the first Monograph of Penguins, introduced as a new species Aptenodytes chrysocome. He first stated it had been killed in Tasmania and his son had made a painting of the specimen. Another specimen from the Falkland Islands he saw in London and commissioned J. F.
146 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Miller to paint this example. Miller’s engraving was used to illustrate the species. When he technically described his new species, Forster gave as localities ‘‘ Van Diemen’s Land and the Falkland Islands,’ and in his description included Bougain- ville’s account of Falkland Island specimens. Reference to the British Museum (Natural History) Library, where George Forster’s drawings are preserved, showed that G. Forster had only made a rough pencil sketch which only showed the character of the crest. That is why J. R. Forster commissioned J. F. Miller to make a painting of the London specimen from the Falkland Islands. The pencil drawing of the Tasmanian specimen shows it to belong to the species known as “ pachy- rhynchus,’ while the Falkland Island painting is of the “ chrysocome auct.” style, while the description includes the characteristics of a distinct Falkland Island species, known as “‘ chrysolophus.” Under these circumstances we considered it the wisest course to dismiss “ chrysocome”’ Forster as too much of a mixture to be safely used. Since then A. F. B. Hull, in the Rec. Austr. Mus., Vol. XII., No. 6, pp. 71-80, pls. x. and x1., September 23, 1918, has discussed the same item and has agreed “that Forster’s Aptenodytes chrysocome is a composite, founded on a dried skin taken in Tasmania, and another, bought in London, said to have been brought from the Falkland Islands.” He did not notice the com- plication of “‘ pachyrhynchus” and “ chrysolophus,” or he might have agreed with our decision to dismiss the name altogether. ee
The new item we have to deal with is the independent publication by J. F. Miller of the painting he made from the Falkland Island specimen under the name A ptenodytes crestata, giving the locality as Falkland Islands. This figure has always been recognised as “‘ chrysocome”’ auct., so that we conclude Miller’s name would be available for that bird. We had used the rather uncertain name serresianus, so that we are glad to get a little certainty, and therefore advocate the usage, for the smaller Crested Penguin, of Hudyptes cristatus Miller, the type locality being definitely the Falkland Islands. The racial names would then read :—
No. 6.] | THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 147
Eudyptes cristatus cristatus (Miller 1785). Falkland Islands.
Kudyptes cristatus serresianus (Oustalet 1878). Tierra del Fuego.
EKudyptes cristatus moseleyi Math. & Ire. 1921. Tristan d’Acunha Group. .
Eudyptes cristatus interjectus Math. & Ire, 1921. Kerguelen Island.
Kudyptes cristatus filholi Hutton 1879. Campbell Island and ? Macquarie Island.
This is not the final word on this subject, but we hope it will assist in the simplification of this intricate matter.
BLYTH’S CATALOGUE. .
BuiytH drew up his Catalogue, had several prints made and distributed them among the leading European ornithologists for correction and advice. These proof sheets were sent out in 1849 and the corrected work was not published until after June 1852. In the three years intervening some of the new names proposed by Blyth in those proof sheets may have been regularly introduced into literature by his corre- spondents, and we have here a case where Gray cited some apparently from that source. Thus in the Index of Generic Names in the Genera of Birds, Vol. III., we note two. The preface to the work is dated August 20th, 1849, with a P.S. by Mitchell signed August 29th, 1849, and we conclude the Index would come out with that. In the Index, p. 48, is included ‘‘ Blagrus®” p. 18. The footnote reads “ * Blyth 1849. The type is Pontoaétus leucogaster,’ and on p. 55 “ Pseudastur,'” p. 12,” the footnote’ being “ Blyth (1849). The type is Buteo pecilonotus.”
FORT PITT, CHATHAM, BIRD COLLECTION.
GovuLp in 1837 described two Australian birds from the collection at Fort Pitt, Chatham, viz., Anthochera lunulata and Hopsaltria griseogularis, and the whereabouts of these specimens are unknown, if existent. It has only recently come to our notice that there was printed a “ Catalogue of the Collection of Mammals and Birds at Fort Pitt, Chatham.”
148 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
This was published in 1838, the preface being dated April 1, 1838, and the author was Edward Burton. There are for- tunately few innovations, and the names given by Gould above quoted are not included. Three names in connection with Australian ornithology need record. The first is on p. 34, “ Chalcites parvirostris Gould, Swan River.” We have never seen this name quoted and its alliance is problematical, as the above is the whole quotation. On p. 13 appears ‘* Petroica monticola Swains., Swan River.” This is also a nude name and its identity is unknown, but Parker in one of his delightful osteological studies used this name, and of course his results are useless to the systematist until the identity of the bones be determined. On p. 46 Larus erythrorhynchus Lath. for the Crimson-billed Gull Lath., New South Wales. This name we have already included in the synonymy of L. novehollandice Stephens based on the same source. Two extra-limital names need record, for on p. 23 Burton proposed Fringilla xanthocollis nom. nov. for F. flavicollis Franklin preoccupied. This seems to be the earliest correction. of Franklin’s name and will be useful. On p. 29 Trochilus clavigula Lath. for the Bright-throated Humming Bird Latham from Trinidad is introduced, but this name is probably only a synonym. It will be noted thet Burton translated the Lathamian vernaculars in two cases, attributing the Latin equivalents to Latham. Such names are a co.ustant source of danger to systematic ornitholog, , as only specialists with a very complete knowledge of synonymy are able to note these.
HALDEMANN’S ZOOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS.
THE names given to birds in one of the essays in this work appear to have been overlooked by systematic ornithologists. Sherborn and Richmond are the workers we have to thank for the opportunity of correcting still another name in connec- tion with Austral-Neozelanic birds. The three parts appear to have been issued on February 1842, December 1843, and January 1844. In the second number, on p. 25, Haldemann provides Latin names for a series of birds described under
No. 6.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 149
vernaculars only by Neboux in the Rev. Zool., 1840, p. 289. The names read as follows :
Columba tahitina for No. 2 =Colombe de Taiti from Taiti.
— gallapagina == Columbi-Galline des Gallapagos.
Se eee HOLE Lana 4=—=Mouette a queue fourchue from Monterey.
=== melo 5 =Geai de San Blas from San Blas.
———— gallapaginus 7 =Tisserin des Gallapagos.
Sterna cinerea 8 =Sterne cendré (S. G. Noddi) from the North Pacific Ocean.
The Atlas to the Voyage of the Venus appeared later and was succeeded by the letterpress, the birds being technically described and arranged by Prevost and Des Murs. These ornithologists recognised the names to be used (ignorant of Haldemann’s “contribution ”’) as :
2. Kurukuru taitensis. Columbi-gallina gallapogoensis Neboux. Larus furcatus Neboux. Pica sanblasiana Latresnaye 1842. Cactornis scandens Gould 1837. Stolida cinerea Neboux.
PEM hes ES
The last mamed is the one that intervenes: in Austral literature, as it refers to wie Little Grey Noddy. The Austra- lian form was named by Gould Anous cinereus, in the Proc. Zool. Soc. (Lond.), 1845, p. 104, February 1846, and this had apparent priority over the name Stolida cinerea ‘“‘ Neboux,” Prevost and Des Murs 1849. The proposal by Haldemann is earlier than Gould’s name and consequently invalidates it. In 1856 Bonaparte proposed for the Australian bird Procelsterna albivitta, as he argued that Gould’s name was unavailable through the prior introduction of the vernacular by Neboux. This was incorrect, but now Bonaparte’s name becomes valid through Haldemann’s interference. Haldemann’s name (Larus) forcipata may be used for the Galapagos Fork-tailed Gull, which has always been known by Neboux’s name of
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furcatus. American literature credits this to the Voy. Venus Zool. Atlas, pl. 10, 1842, where the Latin name occurs, but we have not traced the date of publication of these plates.
In the Biblicgraphie de la France for November 30, 1844, under No. 6011, is a note which states “et il doit y avoir quinze livraisons de planches pour la Zoologie, dont cing paraissient,’” but nothing is said as te the contents. If it be true that the plates were published in 1842, then Gould’s name has all along been incerrectly used, as Stolida cinerea appears on plate 9, but Neboux’s name would not become valid, as Lafresnaye’s name of tereticollis appeared in 1841.
In the Bericht. Naturg. Vogel. Jahres 1844 (Wiegmann’s Archiv. Naturg.), appears the following: ‘ Der zoologische Atlas von Du Petit Thouors voy. autour du Monde sur la Frégatte Venus enthalt bis jetzt im seinen 6 Lieferungen von Vogeln folgende Abbildungen ; 1, Lieferung . . . Stolida cinerea, tab. 9. 2, Lieferung, Larus fucatus, tab. 10.”
Consequently, whatever be the fate of Larus furcatus there can be no doubt about the rejection of Gould’s Anous cinereus.
ANTHUS GRAYI BP.
In the Consp. Gen. Av., Vol. I., p. 249 (June) 1850, Bona- parte included “ A(nthus) grayt Bp. (Alauda. novezelandie var. 8 Lath.) Portlock’s Voy. t. in p. 38 ex Oceania. Minor.”’
Through a mistake this name was included by us in the synonymy of Anthus noveseelandie (Gmelin), but upon recently rechecking this item we found that Portlock’s plate was of the Falkland Island Pipit and a good description was given, and then it seemed to be a variety of the New Zealand Lark. Apparently it was Latham’s error, which has never been investigated before, as he erroneously gave the locality as New Zealand. Buller and other writers have elaborated this with fiction, adding Queen Charlotte’s Sound as the type locality and Forster as the describer of the form which Bona- parte named, whereas thé item quoted above is the sole information and Portlock does not mention Forster nor Queen Charlotte’s Sound. Bonaparte’s name may invalidate Anthus
No. 6.} | TH AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 151
phillips: Brooks, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, Vol. VI., p. 26, June 28, 1916, named from the Falkland Islands.
HIRUNDOLANIUS.
We find this genus name to be first recorded by Buller in his Manual Birds of New Zealand, p. 7, (pref. January 2) 1882, where he reports that Hirundolanius ceruleus Clarke, a new species described at a meeting of the Westport Philo- sophical Society, was simply a specimen of the Australian Eurystomus pacificus. Clarke’s paper was therefore apparently suppressed, as it was never published.
CRANELLUS.
THIS genus name does not appear to have been noted pre- viously. It is proposed by R. Tobias, Abh. nat. Ges. Gorlitz, Wolk TV >> pt-41, p- 605 1844, for Hoplopterus spinosus in an article reviewing a paper by Lindermayer on Greek birds published in the Isis, 1843, col. 353.
REICHENBACH AGAIN.
PROBABLY no author has served up so much trouble as the ‘one here named. It must be admitted that he was a great ornithologist, but his procedure does not endear him to the present-day systematist. His multitudinous works are replete with valid generic groups and his generosity is credited with allowing fellow ornithologists to publish his gifts. Whether this is correct or not cannot be determined, but we present a case where such is not recognised. When Mathews, some years ago now, discussed the genus name Rallina, the publi- cation was indeterminable exactly and it was surmised that probably it was MS. at Gray’s citation. Through Sherborn’s investigations, undertaken since that time, recovery of the place of publication has been made and we here give some details.
_A tract, similar to the others he provided, entitled _“ Synopsis Avium Iconibus coloratis hucusque rite cognitarum specierum,” illustrated, was issued, according to Sherborn,
’
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with Wiegmann’s Archiv. in 1845 and therein appear Rallina and Corethrura.
A long list of species is attached to the former, of which the first is fasciata, the species named as type by Gray in 1846, so that Mathews’s conclusions remain unaffected. Three species are included under Corethrura: elegans, dimidiata and jardini.
Probably some other species names need consideration from this place, the ones referring to Australian birds being :—
Sterna gouldit, based on fig. 829.
Larus australis, plate 1., Lxvb, 1077.
Platalea melanorhynchos, LUXXxIv, 424 ; and possibly Xtphidiorhynchus.
Anarhynchus albifrons also occurs for the first time.
BODDAERT’S HIDDEN NAMES.
WHEN we wrote up Boddaert’s Tabl. Planch. Enlum. we drew attention in the last paragraph to such hidden names as Fringilla fusca Linn. when no such name had been proposed by Linné. Referring to the book recently, we noted an in- stance of such a hidden name that necessitates an alteration, as follows :—
“p. 12, pl. 202. 1, Fringilla canariensis Linn. Gen. 142 23”
Linné did not use the above name, but some years later Vieillot proposed the Boddaertian name for quite a different species and Vieillot’s name is at present in use as Fringilla celebs canariensis. This must now be discarded, and the Canary Island Finch be known as Fringilla celebs tintillon Webb Berthelot and Moquin Tandon, from Hartert’s synonymy.
BRITISH BIRD NAMES.
As we have been appointed to the Committee to deal with the Birds of the British Islands, apparently for our ability to deal with nomenclatural troubles, it has seemed necessary to scan the Official List as to corrections more or less apparent
No. 6.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 153
to the practised eye. The subtle errors we do not profess to discuss at this opportunity, but simply put forward matters apparently requiring adjustment. We take this course of publicity as the field is more or less novel to us, and extra criticism may assist before the final discussion as to the validity of these matters.
Anas rufa Linné 1761.
In the second edition of the Fauna Suecica (pref. date July 28), 1761, is a Faunula Suecica which gives binomial names for the species treated in the work, with citations referring to first edition of the Fauna Suecica, thus—
Under the genus Anas is quoted :
- 133. obscura, 110. 134. rufa, 112.
Upon reference to page 47 we find No. 133 fully described with a reference to No. 110 of the first edition, and also No. 134 with a reference to No. 112 of the first edition. The latter is the one here discussed and the data reads :
“No. 134. Anas rufa, rostro pedibusque cinereis. Fn. 112 + Rudb. pict.
Habitat in fluviis rarior, nec mihi unquam obvia.’
?
This proposition does not seem to have been seriously considered, as Gmelin (Syst. Nat., p. 528, 1789) under his Anas ferruginea records “Anas rutila Fn. suec., n. 134.” It has also otherwise been regarded as synonymous with this species, but such a conclusion necessitates its acceptance as the species name for the Duck now known as Nyroca nyroca (Gueldenstadt 1769), and which would therefore have to be called
Nyroca rufa (Linné 1761)
Scolopax minima Brimnich 1764.
The neglect of this name has puzzled us considerably. As a synonym of the Jack Snipe, L. gallinula (Linné 1766) has been commonly and continually cited since the days of Gmelin (1789, p. 662) Brinn. orn. n. 163. Briinnich, however,
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provided for his No. 163 the above name (p. 49) and this is two years earlier than Linné’s name. Consequently, on the data, the name of the Jack Snipe must be Lymnocryptes minima (Briinnich 1764) and not L. gallinula (Linné 1766) as commonly accepted by the best ornithologists.
Phenicopterus (ruber) antiquorum Temminck.
When the Brit. Orn. Union’s List was prepared it was noted that the name of the Flamingo needed consideration, and as Pallas’s name could not date from 1811 but should be postdated to 1827, Temminck’s name of P. antiquorum of 1820 would come into use. Specific value was given to the form and P. antiquorum Temminck 1820 was used.
Hartert, in his V6gel Palaarktischen Fauna, heft x., p. 1266, March 1920, has used the same name, but has called the bird P. ruber -antiquorum Temminck 1820. His first synonym is, however, Phenicopterus major Dumont, Dict. Sci. Nat., XVII., p. 96, 1820, so that criticism was demanded. Though the exact dates of both publications had been worked out and published (in order to meet such cases) by Mathews no note was taken. As the works in question were received by the French Bibliothéque on July 22 and October 20 the same year, the facts appear simple. Dumont’s work was received on the earlier date and his name has priority, but it does not refer to the European form.
In the same heft, p. 1238, Hartert has used Egretta alba modesta (Gray) for the Indian-Malayan-Australian Great White Heron.
He admits, however, that the measurements do not agree and that the type appears to be missing; we are not accepting this conclusion and do not know why he selected Gray’s name, although we now find that it has priority, but have not seen any published account of the fact.
THE BERNACLE GOOSE.
Previous to reference to Hartert’s Voégel Paléarktischen Fauna we had made this note, but write it thus: In heft x.,
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p. 1296, Hartert has used Branta: leucopsis (Bechstein 1803) and as a synonym quoted “? Anas frota Muller, Zool. Dan. Prodr; 9p, .14. 177642 In the Zool; Dan. Prodr: « (pref, March 31), 1776, Muller gave (p. 14) “A(nas) hrota isle BR. 6675.7
The reference is to “‘ Eg Olaffens og B. Povelsens Reise grennen Island Soroe, 1772,’ and we there found an account of a goose called in England the Bernacle Goose and a fairly good description is given which should be sufficient for any one studying Palearctic Geese to decide its identity. Con- sequently, if the bird described be the Bernacle Goose, the name would become Bernicla hrota (Muller 1776).
THE ICELAND GULL.
As the scientific name for this species Larus leucopterus Faber 1822 has been used for some years past. In the B.0.U.. List Larus glaucus was used for the Glaucous Gull, but the Americans had discarded the latter for L. hyperboreus without discovering that its ally was also in trouble. Consequently, in the B.O.U. List two alterations seem necessary, viz. :—
Larus hyperboreus for Larus glaucus, and Larus glaucoides for Larus leucopterus.
This reads so easily that the amount of labour spent on such an item cannot be realised. We might take up some pages in detailing the research necessary to epitomise the result so neatly. Also we have gained not a little knowledge of the birds in the pursuit of the bird names through varied books, and also quite a little regarding the history of the Species named.
First, Larus leucopterus is used as of Faber 1822 and the book cited was published in that year. Ridgway, however, noted that this was not Larus leucopterus Vieillot, Tabl. Ency. Method , Vol. I., p. 346, 1823. It is now well known that the Encycl. Method. was published in parts, and the following data has been published by Woodward and Sherborn.
156 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD ‘[Vol. IV.
- J. and I1., pp. 321-528. Ackn’d B.F. Jan. 6, 1821. ie 529-848. July 6, 1822. IIL., 849-1460. July 26, 1823.
Consequently Vieillot’s name Larus leucopterus has priority and it prohibits the usage of the later name by Faber. Vieillot’s name refers to the Glaucous Gull, not the Iceland Gull. Somewhere about the same time Temminck noted the distinctions, as did Edmondston in Britain. In the Mem. Werner Nat. Hist. Soc., Vol. IV., pt. 1., p. 185, May 1822, the latter introduced Larus islanticus for anew Gull, which proved to be the Glaucous Gull, but on p. 506 of the same volume, published in 1823, he used it for the Iceland Gull and it was so used for a little time by British ornithologists. In the Isis, 1822, heft v., col. 562, Boie included “ glaucoides Temm. leucopterus Faber,” while Meyer in the Taschenb. deutsche Vogel Zusatze, Vol. III., p. 197, also published in 1822 and the preface dated April, included “ Larus glaucoides Temm.”’ and gave a full description. Two or three names were later added, but glaucoides Meyer ex Temm. MS.” seems to be the best claimant.
It may be noted that there is a Larus glaucodes Meyen, Nov. Act. Acad. Ces. Leop. Car., Vol. XVI., Suppl., p. 115, 1834, which is in use for another Gull. The difference between glaucodes and glaucoides is slight, and whereas the first may be from glaucus, the colour above, the latter appears to be from glaucus, as referring to the Gull, a distinction too subtle for general usage.
An extraordinary result of the preceding inquiry is the discovery of an error in the American Check List. That List, through the co-operation of the best ornithologists, is a fine production and little complaint can be made in any direction, consequently the detection of a slip is a notable item. On p. 40 of the third edition we find “‘ Larus franklini Richardson, Fauna Bor. Am., II., p. 424, pl. 71, 1831=1832.”
This is continued in Ridgway’s Birds N. & Mid-America, p. 641, as Chroicocephalus franklinii (Swainson and Richardson) 1831,” the same reference being given. As a synonym is Larus pipixcan Wagler, Isis, heft 5, 1831, col. 515, Mexico.”
No. 6.] THE. AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 157
As it is accepted that the Fauna Bor. Am. was not published until February 1832, while the Isis, col. 515 was in heft 5, the May 1831 number, the latter name has priority.
Again, in Die Vogel der Palaarktischen Fauna, hefte x1. and xtv., just published, on p. 1738, Larus gelastes Keys. and Blas. is used, with the following synonymy :—
Larus gelastes Keyserling and Blasius, Wirbelt Eur., p. xcv., 242, 1840.
Larus leucocephalus, id., 7b.
Larus genei Bréme, Rev. Zool., année 1839, p. 321, 1840.
Larus tenwirostris Temminck, Man. d’Orn., 2 ed., tv., p. 478, 1840. ;
Xema lambruschinii Bonaparte, Iconogr. Faun. Ital., fol. 135, 135*, 1840.
Such a chronology. needs revision, as the exact dates of publication are generally now ascertainable with a little trouble, many of them having been published recently. Thus we know that the fourth volume: of Temminck’s Manuel was acknowledged in the B.F. for Dec. 7, 1839, and moreover reviewed in the Revue Zool., 1839, for December, and Larus tenwirostris is mentioned in that review. Larus genet was published in the November number of the same Revue, and Hartert’s contention that the Revue was published yearly is easily disproved by the acknowledgment of the receipt of the numbers as they appeared in the Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris, where in the Bulletin bibliographique of the séance of Dec. 2, 1839, the part (No. 11) containing Larus genei is recorded. As the preface date of Keyserling and Blasius’s work is October 1839, and the only review so far noted is April 1840, and also the title-page is dated 1840, priority seems to belong to L. genez.
It is possible also that Bonaparte’s name appeared in 1839 as it is quoted by Durazzo in the Uccelli Liguri, published in 1840.
In the same heft Hartert, p. 1732, recognises Larus canus major Midd. 1853, based on L. canus var. major, but on p. 1723 had cited Laroides major Brehm 1831 as a synonym of
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L. argentatus Pontopp. The latter name, of course, is pre- occupied in Hartert’s usage. We may note that we have seen a very large Common Gull procured in Britain which may have to be considered in connection with this race.
Sitta affints Blyth.
In the Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal for the year 1846, p. 289, Blyth named the British Nuthatch, Sitta affinis. This was definitely stated after pointing out the differences between the British and Swedish examples. Over sixty years afterward, this name having been ignored or overlooked, Hartert named the British bird Sitta casia britannica, and this name has been used by those workers recognising the British race. Of course, now it has been recognised, Blyth’s name, Sitta cesia affinis, must be used as we do not find it to be preoccupied.
Some LARK NAMES.
In the B.O.U. List for the Short-toed Lark, Calandrella brachydactyla (Leisler 1812) is used, and for the White-winged Lark, Melanocorypha sibirica (Gmelin 1789) is maintained. While the latter must be altered, it is probable that the former also needs rectification. The facts with regard to the latter are simple. In 1786 Sparrman figured the Black Lark in the Mus. Carlson, pl. xtx., under the name Tanagra_ sibirica ; some years previously Forster had named the same species Alauda yeltoniensis 1768, consequently Sparrman’s name became a homonym. In 1789 Gmelin applied the name Alauda sibirica to the White-winged Lark and this name has been recently used. It is, however, invalidated by Sparrman’s proposal, as the two species are strictly congeneric. Reversion to Pallas’s name leucoptera, which agrees with the vernacular, seems to be necessary, and the name Melanocorypha leucoptera (Pallas 1827, Alauda) should be resumed.
In the case of the Short-toed Lark, Vieillot pointed out over one hundred years ago that Alauda fringillaria Hermann, Obs. Zool., p. 201, 1804, referred to this species. The name has priority, so that if the identification be correct, as it seems to be, the name must become Calandrella fringillaria (Hermann 1804, Alauda).
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In connection with Calandrella another correction must be made. Hartert, in the Vogel der Paliarktischen Fauna, heft. 11., p. 217, 1904, called a Canary Island Lark Calandrella minor rufescens (Vieill.) ex Tabl. Enc. et Meth., 1., p. 322, 1820: Teneriffe. In that place a reference is given to an earlier description in the Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., Vol. 28, p. 516, but the description is not there. It appears however on the page cited in the succeeding volume (No. 29), which was published in 1819. Consequently, the earliest reference is Alauda rufescens Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., Vol. XXIX., p. 516, 1819: Teneriffe; but this is the point to be emphasised, viz., that this is the earliest name for the species as Calandritis minor was not named by Cabanis until over thirty years afterward. Moreover, we find that in the Compl. de Buff., Vol. VIII., p. 144, Lesson used Alauda tigrina, Gal. de Paris for Alauda rufescens Vieill., Eneycl., t.1, p. 322. In his Appendix B to, Vol. VII. Birds of Australia, giving Dates of Ornithological Works, an article reprinted and revised in this periodical, Mathews wrote that the exact dates of this work were not known to him. They are as follows :—
Compl. de Buffon, Vol. VII. Ackn’d B.F. Nov. 26, 1836.
VIII. June 3, 1837.
Suppl. Vol. IX. Dec. 9, 1837.
2nd edn. Livr. 1 & 2 April 7, 1838. Last livr June 1, 1839.
Descr. Mamm. et Ois. April 24,1847.
Accepting Hartert’s association, the species name will be Calendrella rufescens (Vieillot 1819, Alauda), and the subspecies will read: C. rufescens rufescens, polatzeki, baetica, minor, heinet, leucophoca, seebohmi, persica, cheleensis, kukunoorensis, etc., etc.
GHnanthe deserte.
~The Desert Wheatear, a rare visitor, has been separated into two forms, the western and eastern ones, the former being called @. d. deserti (Temm. and Laug. 1825) from Egypt, the latter, @. d. albifrons (Brandt 1844) from W. Siberia. The
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correct reference to Brandt’s name is Saxicola albifrons Brandt, Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb., Vol. II., Nos. 9-10, p. 139, October 9, 1843, and there was previously proposed a Sawicola albifrons by Riippell, Neue Wirbelth Abyssin., pt. 10, p. 78, 1837. Only an expert in Palearctic forms can decide whether these refer to the same or different birds ; if they be the same, the reference only needs adjustment ; if they differ, then Blyth’s name of Hnanthe deserti atrogularis must be revived.
PALLAS’S NAMES.
In the Reise Russ. Reichs., Vol. III., 1776, p. 186, Pallas notes some birds, and adds a footnote: ‘“‘ Es waren Turdus ruficollis und alpinus, Motacilla cyanura, Emberiza minuta; rustica, chrysocilla und spodocephala, Anhang Num., 9, 10, 20, 21, 24, 25.”
Reference to the Anhang shows discrepancy in nomination, as follows: No. 9, p. 694, is Turdus ruficollis, but No. 11 (apparently an error in writing 10) is T'wrdus sibiricus; No. 20, p-. 697, is Emberiza pusilla; No. 21, p. 698, is Emberiza rustica, but Nos. 24 and 25 are Emberiza spodocephala and chrysophrys.
Whether the earlier note can have any effect on nomen- clature is a debatable point, the reference to the Anhang being the critical item.
The editor of the French edition, published: a year or two later, recognised this, and has headed the descriptions. with attention drawn to the two names, thus “‘ Hmberiza pusilla an minuta.”’ Consideration of the first printed names seems necessary.
ANOTHER OVERLOOKED BIRD LIST.
Ix 1817 Thomas Forster published A Synoptical Catalogue of British Birds which is fairly well known, though Hartert recently has omitted reference to it in his Végel der Paliark- tischen Fauna, and the names are unquestionably valid. The preface begins: “‘ When first I read the Catalogue of Birds, newly printed by my friend Dr. Leach, of the British Museum, I found some difficulty in attaching distinct ideas of the species
No. 6.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 161
to the names he has adopted, on account of their newness. Having heard many other persons express the same difficulty, I thought a Catalogue of Birds with the two sets of names put together, side by side, might be acceptable to many readers . . . In the following Catalogue, the large capitals will designate the Linnean name according to the arrangement now adopted. The small Roman letter will mark the names of the old writers brought to light again by Dr. Leach. Where I have altered them, I have put a ? (In those few instances where he has appeared to me to have mistaken the old name, I have ventured to substitute one which I believe to belong anciently to the bird.) ”
As aforesaid, this Catalogue is fairly well known, but this note deals with another and hitherto overlooked essay by Thomas Forster which may have some interest to nomen- claturists. In 1827 appeared “The Pocket Encyclopedia of Natural Phenomena ... . compiled principally from the Manuscripts and MS. Journals of the late T. F. Forster, Esq., F.L.S., etc. By T. Forster.” Five parts are included, as follows: Part 1, Prognostics of the Weather; Part m., Indications of the Seasons; Part m1., Signs of the Seasons ; Part Iv., The Rustic Calendar; and Part v., A Synoptical Catalogue of the Flora Spectabilis. As Supplementary additions to Part v., first is added: “ A Correct Catalogue of the Ornithologia Europa, or Birds of Europe; compiled from the best authorities, and intended to serve as a table of reference to the birds alluded to in the other parts of this work, as well as being a general Index to the Birds of Europe, with the Latin, English, and French names of each genus and species. The Arabic figures, when prefixed to the names, refer to the Synoptical Catalogue of the Birds of Britain, which the author compiled some years ago, and which was published by Messrs. Nichols and Son in 1817. This reference is used where identification of the species by different synonyms becomes necessary.”
This Catalogue shows the British Birds in italics and in many cases the species name is the one cited as the Linnean one in the Synoptical Catalogue, and is not in the novel one
162
THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
[Vol LV.
there introduced. Some of his new generic names are abandoned, but some new ones are proposed.
p. 409 Caryocatactes nucifraga
1817 Nucifraga
caryocatactes 411 Ficaria hippolais Trochilus minor for Sylvia hippolais Ficaria flavescens Trochilus medius for Sylvia flavescens Ficaria sylvicola Trochilus major for Sylvia sylvicola Regulus cristaurea Regulus vulgaris 412 Salicaria locustella Sylvia locustella Salicaria arundinacea Sylvia arundinacea. 414 Pyrrhula cocinea Pyrrhula europea Hirundo clivicola Hirundo riparia Riparia europea 417 Butor stellaris Ardea stellaris 418 Zaporina galinella ~ Zaporina minuta 419 Caturates maximus Larus maximus for L. marinus Caturates neevius ? Larus cinereus for L. -fuscus Caturates glaucus Caturates fuscus Larus cinereus for L. fuscus 420 Querquedula fusca Anas
Querquedula nigra Querquedula. ete.
On p. 50, dealing with plants, is a note: “ This is the Ficaria verna of Linneeus.
On p. 72. Willow Wrens ; a small genus of warblers called Ficedule in modern books: and on p. 133, dealing with Willow Wrens, is written, Smallest Willow Wren, Sylvia
Hippolais.... p. 134. This is the Ficedula pinetorum of the new arrangement . Yellow Willow Wren, Sylvia ircchilus.... The Ficedula salicum of the new arrange- ment... Largest Willow Wren, Sylvia sylvicola. . . . The
Ficedula sylvicola of the new Synop. arrangement.”
No. 6.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 163
On p. 118. “ Redstart, Sylvia Phenicurus, according to Linnzeus a motacilla. This bird, when the genus motacilla were divided, ought to have retained its first generic name, being-nearly related to the Wagtails. It is the Ruficilla muralis of Forster's Synop. Catalogue.”
Is it possible that a revised edition of the Synoptical Catalogue appeared, of which at present we have no cognisance, as the names above quoted do not occur in the 1817 copies available? In a list of “ Books in Natural History, published by William Wood, 428, Strand, ”’ there is included “ A Synop- tical Catalogue of British Birds. By T. Forster. Lond. 1821. 8vo boards, with a coloured plate of the Strix Scops. 3s. 6d.” The 1817 copy referred to for comparison above belonged to EK. Forster Jun., to whom T. Forster makes acknowledgment on the last page, so that it should be a complete authentic copy of the 1817 issue, and it does not contain a coloured plate of the Strix Scops and was “ printed by and for Nichols, Son and Bentley’ and “Sold by T. and G. Underwood.”’.
It may be that the second print of the 1817 edition only contained the coloured plate, and it was continued in the ‘** 1821 ” edition, which we would like to see.
In the Gentleman’s Magazine for October 1817, p. 348, appears : “ Mr. Thomas Forster has discovered in the neigh- bourhood of Tunbridge Wells a new species of Wren; it most nearly resembles the Sylvia hippolais of Montagu’s © Dictionary ; but itis dark brown above. Mr. Forster proposes to call it Sylvia Brunnea.”
We have not seen this species otherwise quoted, while of the generic names in this 1827 book Butor has been credited to Swainson 1834 and Salicaria to Selby, while Caturates and Ficaria we have never seen recorded by any nomenclator. Caturates appears to have the first claim for the series of Gulls, if these be separated from L. canus, the type of Larus. The Mews bear the name Chroicocephalus Eyton 1836 as accepted by Ridgway in his recent work. It is remarkable that such a notable List should have escaped the note of every zoologist.
For the species Acrocephalus palustris (Bechst. 1803) an earlier reference is Motacilla s. Sylvia palustris Bechstein,
—
164 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Latham’s Allg. Ueber Vogel, Vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 545, 1798, which was intreduced for the species described in the nove in Vol. II., pt. 2, p. 431.
The type of Carpodacus Kaup 1829 was esienated by Gray in 1842, Appendix List Genera Birds, p. 11, as C. rosea (Pall.).Kaup; this is accurate and earlier than Gray 1855 as given by even the American ornithologists.
Gray in Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, 1855, p. 44, designated M. saxatilis as type of Monticola. In correcting the B.O.U. List’s erroneous statement, Hartert has himself erred in the Pract. Handb. Brit. Birds, Vol. I., p. 421, 1920, in mLoverleoling this item.
AMOROPELIA gen. nov. By Grecory M. -Marnews.
SOME years ago when I pointed out the exact usage of the genus name Turtur by Boddaert I was incited to provide a substitute for the genus name J'urtur as commonly in use, but instead allowed the usage of Streptopelia. Mr. W. L. Sclater has again suggested the introduction of such a name, at least to be used subgenerically, and I therefore propose the above name for the group of which Colwmba turtur L. can be considered the type ; I have introduced it as a new generic name, but it can be used in a subgeneric sense by workers who make use of subgenera.
AUSTRAL AVIAN” RECORD. ek
Ts published at irregular intervals, about four times per year, in parts of about 24 pages each, and often with a coloured Plate; eight parts form a volume. Price per volume 12/- post free.
i
The “Austral Avian Record” contains :
]. Discussions regarding the relationships and ranges of species and subspecies of particular genera, especially (0) 0.) those which will not be dealt with in the immediate future in Mathews’s ‘‘ Birds of Australia,” or those that have been. Noe an
2. Revision of what has been published in the “ Birds of Australia,” when accession of material and new facts necessitate such revision.
3. Description of new forms.
4. Discussions regarding nomenclature. —
5. Supplements to the “ Reference List of the © Birds of Australia.” |
6. Dates of Publication of works about which any doubt exists.
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THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.
Vol. IV., No. 7. Marcu 7TH, 1922.
CONTENTS. PAGE ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO My CHECK List, 1920 165
An ExTRAORDINARY BrrRD Book ie i sem Ler
Captain THomAS Brown, ORNITHOLOGIST a a TG
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO MY CHECK LIST, 1920.
By Grecory M. MatueEews.
Dr. C. W. Ricumonp has sent me over some notes concerning type designations which I had not given in the above List, and these [ herewith record along with others I have recognised through these notes. Laubmann has published in the Archiv fur Naturg., 85 Jahr, 1919, pp. 137-168, publ. Aug. 1921. a Kritische Untersuchungen tiber die Genotypfixierungen in Lesson’s “‘ Manuel d’Ornithologie ” 1828, recording in detail all the types named in that work. This was not novel in any respect and nearly all his remarks had been anticipated in general usage in both England and America. However, in a general review such as Laubmann’s, an item or two hitherto overlooked is brought to light and the most important to Australians is ignored by Laubmann through his general . lack of knowledge of recent contemporary literature. Thus as the type of Prion Lacepede he acknowledges Lesson’s type selection ignorant of the fact that although Lesson wrote “Le type de ce genre est le petrel bleu, procellaria coerulea et
166 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD _ [Vol. IV.
vittata de Gmelin, découvert par Forster,’ the two names referred to two different birds relegated to two distinct genera. Consequently Lesson’s selection cannot be upheld. As above noted, this item revealed my own error in the same case as I had not noted the confusion and consequently the first type designation of Prion Lesson ex Lacepede is that by Gray 1840. However, prior to Lesson’s recognition of Lacepede’s indeter- minable Prion, Bowdich has figured the bead and bill from the Paris specimen (Introd. Ornith. Cuvier, 1821, p. 78, pl. 21, fig. 259 bis), but without naming it, simply writing: “ Prions Lacép. Pachyptila Mliger.”
p. 1. For Peronista peront Rothschild read PERONISTA DIEMENIANUS (Jennings), Ornithologia, p. 382,
Nov. 1827 (Founded on Plate 36 of Peron’s work) : Kangaroo Island.
p. 3. Megapodius Gaimard 1823. Type (by subsequent designation Selby, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Types Aves, p. 40, 1840), M. freycinet Gaimard.
Add to the synonymy of Megapodius reinwardt MEGAPODIUS TUMULATOR Anon, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. I., Vol. [X., p. 339, June 1, 1842.
MEGAPODIUS TUMULORUM 7d. 2b.
MEGAPODIUS TUMULIFICUS 1d. 7b.
Alternate names for Gould’s M. tumulus.
p. 23. Pachyptila Illiger, 1811. Type (by subsequent desig- nation Selby, Cat. Gen. Subgen., Types Aves, p. 49, 1840), P. forstert Latham = P. vitiata Gmelin.
p. 31. Lestris Illiger, 1811. Type (by subsequent designa- tion Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1863, pp. 124, 128), L. parasiticus L.
p. 55. Add to the synonymy of Anseranas semipalmata Latham
CHENOGERANUS AUSTRALIS Brown, Rep. Council Manchester Nat. Hist. Soc., p. 4, Jan. 1842, nomen nudem.
No. 7.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 167
p. 59. Aythya Boie, 1822. Type (by subsequent designation Gray, 1855, p. 124), A. ferina L. p- 66. For Circus approximans Peale read CIRCUS JUXTA Peale, United States Expl. Exped., Vol. VIIT., p- Xv, 1848 (in or before October). And then read CIRCUS JUXTA JUXTA CIRCUS JUXTA GOULDI CIRCUS JUXTA INEXPECTATUS
p. 68. Pseudaetus ““ Hodgson, 1844,” Bonaparte, 1854. Type (by subsequent designation Gray, 1855, p. 3), Falco bonelli Temm.
p. 69. Pontoaetus Kaup 1844. Type (by subsequent desig- nation Baird Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. North American Birds, Vol. III., p. 320, 1874), Falco macec Temm.
p. 70. For Gypoictinia Kaup, 1847, read Hamirostra Brown, Illustr. Gen. Birds, pt. vim., April 3, 1846. Type (by monotypy) Hamirostra montana Brown = Buteo melanosternon Gould. And add HAMIROSTRA MELANOSTERNA HAMIROSTRA MELANOSTERNA MELANOSTERNA HAMIROSTRA MELANOSTERNA MONTANA
p. 76. Trichoglossus Stephens 1826. Type (by subsequent designation Lesson Manuel d’Orn., Vol. II., p. 147, 1828), T. hamatodus = T. haematopus Stephens (pt.) = 7’. moluc- canus Gmelin.
Australasia Lesson, 1830. Type (by subsequent designa- tion Salvadori, Ornit. Pap. e. Mol., Vol. I., p. 279, 1879), A. novehollandie = T. moluccanus Gmelin.
p. 80. Addtothe synonymy of Harrisornis lathami Temminck PSITTACUS NIGER Jennings, Ornithologia, p. 399. Nov. 1827. Substitute name for P. cook Temm.
168 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
p. 85. Ptistes Gould, 1865. Type (by subsequent designa- tion Reichenow Journ. fiir Orn., p. 125, 1881), P. erythrop- terus Gmelin.
p. 92. Huphema Wagler, 1832. Type (by subsequent desig- nation Gray, 1840, p. 52), Psittacus discolor White.
p. 106. Add MrenurRA NOVZHOLLANDIA EDWARDI Chisholm, Emu, Vol. XX., pt. 4., p. 223, April 23, 1921; Stanthorpe, South Queensland.
Northiella haematogaster narethae.
This seems to be the correct name for the new form described and figured in the Emu, Vol. XXI., p. 81, pl. 12, Oct. 3, 1921, as Psephotus narethe H. L. White.
The specimens presented by Mr. H. L. White to the British Museum have been compared, and the result seems certain that this is simply a further geographical variant of the well- known species. There is much more difference seen between typical hematogaster with the yellow vent and hematorrhous with the red vent than between S2lvadori’s pallescens and the present form. The latter is separable from the Cooper’s Creek birds collected by Mr. 8. White, on Oct. 9, 1863, by the slightly differené shade of blue on the face and cheeks, notably by the brighter yellow abdomen with entire suppression of red and by the red under tail-coverts instead of yellow: above the new form is slightly darker on the back and the lower back is green instead of greyish and the upper tail-coverts are darker green, the outer median wing-coverts orange instead of greenish though these show a tinge of red. The specimens slightly differ from the description.
Two birds collected by Mr. 8. White as above differ notice- ably : one being paler on the breast but with a much larger patch of red on the abdomen, the patch on the other being very small.
In all the normal yellow-vented birds a tinge of red can be seen in the under tail-coverts while some have red and yellow mixed and others have a few red feathers in the upper wing- coverts as noted by Salvadori (loc. cit).
No 7] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 169
The extraordinary feature of the new race is the absence of red on the abdomen combined with the presence of red under tail-coverts, while the bright yellow colouring of the abdomen and the green of the lower back are very striking. Neverthe- less the authorities at the British Museum are agreed that the value of the bird appears to be subspecific, and that later absolute connecting links will be found.
The following refer to my 1913 List :—
p. 286. Myzantha Vigors and Horsfield, 1827. Type (by subsequent designation, Lesson, Manuel d’Orn., Vol. IT., p. 67, 1828), M. garrulus Latham.
p. 294. Anthus Bechstein, 1805. Type (by subsequent designa- tion, Selby, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Types Birds, p. 12, 1840), Anthus pratensis.
p. 288. Creadion Vieillot, Analyse Nouv. Ornith., p. 36, April 14, 1816. Type (by subsequent designation, Lesson, Compl. de Ciuvres Buffon, Vol. IX., p. 7, 1837), Corvus paradovus Latham = Daudin.
This will replace Dyottornis Mathews, 1912.
Read
CREADION PARADOXUS
CREADION PARADOXUS PARADOXUS CREADION PARADOXUS WESTERNENSIS
Creadion was introduced by Vieillot in his Analyse nouv. Ornith., p. 34, 1816, with a diagnosis and attached thereto were three names thus: “ Sturnus carunculatus, Merops carunculatus, Corvus paradoxus Lath.”
The following year in the Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., Vol. VUII., p. 390, the genus was fully described, and no type was selected, but two divisions were indicated. In the Ency. Method. and in the Galerie des Oiseaux nothing was added but in the latter book the Merops is figured.
Lesson in the Manuel d@ Ornith., Vol. I., p. 68, 1828, wrote : “ Phillanthe, Anthocera Horsf. et. Vig.: Creadion, creadion
170 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Vieill.; et Dilophe, dilophus Vieill. ‘ L’espéce qui sert de type au genre philanthe avait déja porté M. Vieillot a établir le genre creadion, qu’il plagait a coté des étourneaux, par une analogie forcée et tout-a-fait fictive.’ ”’
While quibbles might be raised concerning this being a rigid type designation, nothing can be urged against the clean statement made by Lesson in the Compl. de Oeuvres Buffon, Vol. I[X., p. 7, 1837, when he wrote: “ Creadion Vieillot. Le type de ce genre, et sans contredit la seule espéce qu’on doive y admettre est le creadion a pendeloques®, qui habite la terre de Diemen.”’
3Pie a pendeloques Daudin t. 11, pl. 16. Creadion carunculatus Vieill. Gal., pl. 94. Merops carunculatus Lath.
Corvus paradoxus id., etc.
Consequently Creadion is only available for the Tasmanian
bird and must displace Dyottornis, which I lately proposed for it.
p. 314. Coronica Gould, Synops. Birds Aust., pt. I., Jan. 1837. Type (by subsequent designation, Selby, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Types Birds, p. 16, 1840), Coronica fuliginosa Gould.
The following dates of publications are of interest :
Horsfield in Zool. Researches in Java 1821, in the text of Tapirus malayanus says that Vol. XIII., pt. 1, of the Trans. Linn. Soc. (Lond.) was published in May, 1821.
Shaw, Zool. New Holland, Vol. L, pt. 1, 1794, pt. 1., 1794,
pt. ur, 1795 (Cf. Gottingisches Journal, Vol. I., Heft. 2, p. 143).
Gray List Sp. Birds Brit. Mus., pt. 11., p. 95, 1844. Received by Boston Society Nat. Hist. on or before Oct. 2, 1844.
Seebohm Geogr. Dist. Charad., 1888. This is given in Zool. Record (Aves) for the year 1887. And Seebohm sent the Smithsonian Institute a copy with a dedication written by him, dated December 25, 1887.
No. 7.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 171
Bennett, Gardens Menag. Zool. Soc, 1831. To appear in monthly parts. Part 1. is noted in Loudon’s Mag. for July, 1829, p. 241. Parts 1-111 in same for January, 1830, p. 81. No. 10 published in July, 1830, and Bennett writing on March 10, 1831, says “two volumes now completed.” (Cf. Loudon’s Mag., Vol. IV., p. 200).
Brandt, Descr. Icon. Anim. Russ. Nov. Aves, fasc., 1836, before September 5. (Cf. Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp., St. Petersb., for Sept 5, 1836).
Mem l’Acad. Imp. Sci., St. Petersb. Ser. VI, Vol. V., pt. 11, Oct. 1840. (Cf. Ricker, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. XXI., pp. 11-18. 1908).
Burmeister, Verzeichn, Zool. Mus. Halle, 1850, before Sept. 15.
Jacquinot et Pucheran, Voy. Pole Sud. Zool., Vol. III., 1853. Received by Paris Acad. Sci., Oct. 10, 1853.
Horsfield and Moore, Cat. Birds Mus. E. India Comp., Vol. IT., 1857. Received Asiat. Soc., Bengal in Sept.-Oct., 1858. (Cf. Journal As. Soc. Beng., Vol. XXVII., p. 390, 1858.
172 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
AN EXTRAORDINARY BIRD BOOK. By Grecory M. Matruews anp Tom IREDALE.
We have recorded from time to time some peculiar literary efforts in connection with ornithology, but the present case is one of the most extraordinary items we have noted.
‘“ Ornithologia, or The Birds; a poem in two parts, by James Jennings, 1828,” is not an unknown title, but probably very few ornithologists of the present generation have ever examined it, or was curiosity evinced in it. The opportunity of acquiring a “Second Edition, with additions and corrections ”’ instigated this note, as examination revealed facts which suggested the above title.
As subsidiary to the Poem is ‘“‘an Introduction to their Natural History; and Copious Notes”; and on p. 32, after a Synopsis of Linné’s System has been given and some notes regarding such, this is recorded: “A Synepsis of Dr. Latham’s Last Work on Birds. The Latin names of the Genera are supplied, in part, from the Index Ornithologicus of Dr. Latham, and the remainder from private information kindly com- municated by Dr. L. from his MS. copy of a new edition of the index not yet published.” In this Synopsis the new generic names Anthophagus for the Honey-EKater (p. 33) and Pteropus for the Fin-foot (p. 36) immediately attract attention. These two names have previously escaped the eyes of recorders, and as both prove to be preoccupied they can cause no alterations. It may be as well to renew the fact that Newton has put on record the information that Latham’s MS. Index, which never was published, came into his hands and is in his Library, which, to the disgrace of Cambridge University, appears to be in a most neglected state.
The book begins with a Preface wherein Jennings discusses the usage of scientific terms as opposed to vernaculars, and concludes Poetry will prove a profitable vehicle for the popular- ising of the. study of ornithology. Therefore, in the poem he has not used scientific names, but by means of notes has
No. 7.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 173
given a scientific review of bird knowledge, incorporating his own observations on British birds. Hence, upon opening the book, we commonly find only two lines of poetry on the page, the remainder being occupied by the explanatory notes. As instance: “There were Woopcocks (10), and SNIpEs, both GratuatTors of fame. Now distinguished, ah me! in our annals as Game.” The next four and a half pages (bar the usual two lines of poetry at the head of the page) are occupied by the explanation of (10), beginning: ‘“ Order, Gralle (Linn), Woodcock, Snipe, Curlew, Godwit, Green- shank, etc. The genus Scolopax (Linn.) to which the Woodcock, Scolopax Rusticola, belongs, consists of fifty-six or more species, of which fifteen are common to this country.” Then the genus is characterised and the Woodcock, Common Snipe, Great Snipe, Jack Snipe, Jadreka Snipe, Spotted Snipe, Godwit, etc., etc., are all described, and general habits, nests and eggs and odd notes given. As these notes are based more or less on Latham’s General History of Birds, they are comparatively accurate. The poem is in two parts, the. first- dealing with British and European Birds and occupying pages 99-298, and the second of Foreign Birds, pages 301-436. A glossary of terms of four pages follows, and then the Index, covering pages 441-468 and completely citing the vernaculars and scientific names used in this work.
The first nearly 100 pages is worthy of note, as after the preface of XIv. pages, contents and addenda and corrigenda run to p. xxIx. The Introduction takes up 96 pages and begins with a piece of poetry of general interest, noting well- known places round London where birds could be observed. As he states he lived most of his lite in Somersetshire, apparently he came to London before this book was written. Towards the end of the piece of poetry he gives a long note regarding birds’ nests.
At page 26 he drops poetry altogether and deals in prose with the Natural History of Birds, first quoting Linné’s Genera of Birds, then noting Pennant, Latham and Brisson, writing: “it is hoped nothing of importance in the Natural History of Birds has been omitted.” Then follows the
174 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
synopsis of Latham’s conclusions already noted, succeeded by a review of Vigors’ Quinary Arrangement and suggests the usage of English names based upon Vigors’ Latin ones, thus Grallators for the Grallatores, then for the divisions of Raptors suggests Falconids, Vulturids, Strigids, and so on. It is well known these names did not gain acceptance, yet to-day in connection with the lower classes of zoology, where vernaculars are rarely used, such terms are constantly coined with convenience. Then follow general notes on the structure, anatomy, senses, blood, crops, etc., habits, sleep, pairing, incubation, songs, migration, etc., quite a useful little commentary, and as above noted, for the time comparatively accurate.
On account of the usage of Latham’s MS. Index one or two scientific names occur herein for the first time, and these do not appear to have been previously recorded insynonymy.
On p. 319 “ Cinnyris affinis (Linn. Transact., Vol. XIII.),” is described and as a synonym is given Anthophagus olivaceus Lath.
On p. 329: “The genus Anthophagus Lath. or Honey- Eater consists of seventy species,’ and is described : “ This genus is also divided by Dr. Latham into those with thrush- like bills, and those with creeper bills. The following are examples of each: The Cincinnatus (Lath.) Poe-Honey-Eater, fully described, and The Great Hooked-billed Honey-Eater, Certhia pacifica, also fully described.
On p. 382 appears: “The Casuarius Diemenianus (Lath.) or Van Diemen’s Land Cassowary,” the description abbreviated from Latham’s account. (Gen. Hist. Birds, Vol. VIII., p. 384).
On p. 390: “ The genus Pteropus, or Fin-foot, of Dr. Latham, consists of two species.... The Africanus, or African Fin-foot. . . . inhabits Africa... . The Surinamensis, or American Fin-foot inhabits Surinam. Psitiacus niger is suggested on p. 399 for Cook’s Cockatoo, P. cookii Temminck.
Anthophagus must have a type named so that it can be _cited in synonymy, and it seems as well to select the first -mentioned in connection, A. olivaceus Lath., i.e. Cinnyris affinis Horsfield, and this is here so designated. This places
No. 7.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 175
Anthophagus as a synonym of Arachorothera and Anthophagus Gravenhorst, Coleopt. micr. p. 120, 1802, effectually prohibits its later usage by any means.
Pteropus similarly must be fixed, and we select the first named P. africanus as the type, and thus it becomes a synonym of Podica, but it is also preoccupied by Pteropus Brisson, Reg. Anim., p. 153, 1762.
The species, P. africanus, is well figured and described in Latham’s General History, and it appears to be the South African form known as P. pecterst, a much later name. The matter is complex, but it is very possible that Jennings’ name must come into use. We have discussed this item with Mr. J. Chapin, of the American Museum, who has been study- ing these birds and it was decided that unless the type can be traced or the type locality be determined, the name must be regarded as a synonym of the earlier H. senegalensis, as Latham’s complete description and good figure are applicable to the immature specimens of either species.
Jennings’ name Casuarius diemenianus is founded on Latham’s description (Gen. Hist. Birds, Vol. VIII., p. 384, 1823), of Lesueur’s plate 36 in Peron’s Voy. Décowy. Terres Australes, 1816. This plate is reproduced in Mathews’ Birds of Australia, Vol. I., plate 4, Oct. 31st, 1910. As Lesueur’s plate represents the Kangaroo Island bird, its name is Dromaius diemenianus or Peronista diemenianus.
[If Dromaius diemenianus (Jennings) be considered too much like Dromaius diemenensis Le Souét, then I name the bird figured and described in my Birds of Australia, Vol. I., pl. 2, p. 14, 1910, Dromaius novehollandice gunni.—G. M. M.]
Although the title page of the first edition bears the date 1828, it was published the first week in November 1827.
The second edition appeared towards the end of 1829, all the new matter being contained in the ‘ Preliminary Notices,” and this deals with criticisms, omissions and additions but offers no more new names.
Jennings also published “Pleasures of Ornithology” in September 1828, which we have not yet seen.
176 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
CAPTAIN THOMAS BROWN, OCRNITHOLOGIST. By Grecory M. MaruHews anp Tom I[REDALE.
THE name of Captain Thomas Brown (always use the Captain, otherwise the name is not uncommon) is very familiar to one of us, acquainted a little with conchological items. Conse- quently the recognition that the Captain had also touched upon ornithological writings was intriguing, as the Captain never dealt with a subject without introducing some novelty. As this is probably the first time Brown has been written
about in connection with ornithology (but it will certainly
not be the last) it may be recorded that apparently he was endowed with restless energy and ambition, but many of his ideas never fructified. Further, the methods of publication of his conchological writings proved so complex that even the indefatigable Sherborn, who probed into the matter, was compelled to confess that finality had not been achieved in his results. His ornithological writings promise even more trouble, as already the few items met with have provided more than their fair share of complications. —
Brown has been accused of piracy and anticipating other people’s suggestions, but we cannot altogether agree with this view from the facts available.
A not uncommon little book is entitled ‘‘ The Miscellany / of / Natural History. / Volume I, / Parrots. / By / Sir Thomas Dick Lauder, Bart., F.R.S.E. / and Capt. Thomas Brown, F.L.S. / The engravings / By Joseph B. Kidd, Esq. / Member of the Scottish Academy of Painting, Sculpture, / and Architecture. / and this appeared in 1833. This is exactly
‘on the same pattern and style as the well-known Jardine’s
Naturalist’s Library, which appeared the same year. The latter work was a great success, while Brown’s never got beyond this first volume. Possibly this note will bring forth the facts concerning this supposed piracy, as the coinci- dental issue is very remarkable and may be the source of the accusation.
No. 7.3 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD — 177
At the end of this little volume is an inset “The Miscellany of Natural History Advertiser,’ and on p. 16 is “ Recently Published. White’s Natural History of Selbourne.... . Notes by Captain Thomas Brown,” and then “This Day is published. J. Part IX... . Illustrations of American Ornithology. . .. Captain Thomas Brown. ... The illus- trations will comprise, not only the whole of the birds given by Alexander Wilson and Charles Lucian Bonaparte... but will also contain various newly discovered species. . . To be completed in sixteen parts, each containing Five beauti- fully coloured Plates...” “... II. Illustrations of the Game Birds of All Countries, coloured atter Nature, and chiefly of the size of the originals. By Captain Thomas Brown.”’
We don’t exactly see how the first mentioned of these can be regarded as a piracy, while the second, which as far as we have yet traced never appeared, seems entirely original.
The Ilustrations of American Ornithology is one of the rarest and most expensive of ornithological works, and the examination of the example lately in the Godman Library did no} reveal any new names, the “ newly discovered species ” apparently referring to those described by other authors since the time of Wilson.
Some months ago we made note of another work on Birds by Captain Thomas Brown, and noted it was in the Library of the Zoological Society of London. Upon reference we were surprised to find that the copy there consisted of a few numbers in wrappers, bound up with the wrappers but not in order, and presented an inexplicable problem. As among these a new genus of Australian birds was seen, it was essential to trace the whole of the work and determine the facts. This was not easily done, but as the bird described was stated to be in the Museum of the Manchester Natural History Society, of which Captain Thomas Brown was Curator, investigation was extended to that City.
Dr. W. M. Tattersall, the Keeper of the Manchester Museum, and Mr. T. E. Coward, the well-known Ornithologist, assisted in the search with good results. The bird could not be traced nor any record, nor was a copy of the work in the Museum,
178 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
but Mr. Coward had several parts in his possession, and these were handed to us for examination, and provide the basis of the following account, the other copies known being used in conjunction.
The wrapper has at the top No. 1 Price 3s., and at the foot April 1845. The centre carries the following “ Illustrations / of the / Genera of Birds, / embracing their / Generic Characters ; / with / Sketches of their Habits. / By / Captain Thomas Brown, / M.W.S., M.P.S., M.M.G.S., / Formerly President of the Royal Physical Society, and Present Curator of the Manchester Natural History Society’s / Museum, Author of Illustrations of the Fossil Conchology and: of Illustrations of the Recent / Conchology of Great Britain and Ireland, &c., &c., &c. / London: / Smith, Elder & Co., 65, Cornhill. / Edinburgh: / Maclachlan & Stewart, 64, South Bridge. / Peter Brown, Printer, Edinburgh. . .”
Some wrappers differ in no respect save that the name of the publisher reads “ Manchester: / James Ainsworth, 93, Piccadilly. . .”
On the back of the cover of the first part is “ Prospectus. The only European Work on the Genera of Birds is Vieillot’s Galerie des Oiseaux, published at Paris in 1825, with in- differently executed Lithographic Ilustrations, at the price of £16 10s. Since the appearance of that Work, the number of Genera have been considerably augmented, owing to the great influx of species and the advanced state of the science. The Work now proposed will be illustrated by Engravings on Steel... The general arrangement of the Genera of Birds will be that of Baron Cuvier, as modified by Mr. George Robert Gray and adopted in the British Museum... . As the Author has been upwards of five years engaged in preparing materials for the present Work, and many of the Plates being already engraved, he can pledge himself as to the regular appearance of a Monthly Number. The size of the work is Imperial Quarto, and will extend to about 50 Numbers, each containing Four highly-finished Coloured Plates, engraved. on Steel in the Line manner, accompanied by Letter-press Descriptions of their Generic Characters, and Sketches of the
No. 7.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 179
General Habits of their respective Families and Genera, with occasional representations of the Heads, Feet and Wings engraved on separate plates.”
Part I. includes coloured plates of Blue Jay (Garrulus cristatus), Canada Grouse (T'etrao canadensis), Yellow-tailed Gnat-Catcher (Setophaga ruticilla), Roseate Spoonbill (Platalea ajaya) and black plate of heads and feet of members of the Tetraonine and Pterocine (Sand Grouse). Four pages of text unnumbered but bearing a signature “A” accompany these dealing with “Order [. Accipitres-Linneus.” Full diagnoses are given of the Order, Tribe, Family and Genera, but no list of species.
Part Il. has four coloured plates: Broadwinged Buzzard (Buteo pennsylvanicus), Lapland Long-Spur Bunting (Plectrophanes lapponicus), Carolina Parrot (Arara carolinensis) and Virginian Ortyx (Oriyx virginiana). There are again four pages of text, but nothing more erratic has ever been seen. The first page bears the signature ““N ” and deals with “Order V. Galline. Tribe IV. Tetraonide.” The second page bears the signature “ Y” with “Order II. Passeres. Tribe I. Corvide’”’; the third page follows on, but the fourth page is concerned with “Order VII. Gralle. Tribe II. Ardeide,” and has the signature “ Q.”
Part III. has four coloured plates : White-headed Sea Eagle (Haliaétus lecocephalus), Madeira Swift (Cypselus unicolor), American Kinglet (Regulus americanus) and Great Northern Diver (Colymbus glacialis).
All the plates have upon them “ Engraved by W. H. Lizars, Edinburgh,” but no artist’s name, being from Brown’s own drawings, but the painting of the Madeira Swift is ““ Drawn by Sir W. Jardine, Bart.”
The text in this part is a complete sheet signature “ K”’ dealing with “Order II. Passeres. Tribe IV. Fringillide. Family IV. to VIL. Fringilline to Pyrrhuline.’’
Part IV. has four coloured plates: Cooper’s Sparrow- Hawk (Accipiter cooperi), Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Guiraca ludoviciana), Zenaida Dove (Zenaida amabilis), and Bewick’s Swan (Cygnus bewickit).
180 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
The text is four separate sheets again; the first with the signature ““b b” treats of Order Il. Passeres. Tribe IV. Fringillide. Family II. Coccothraustine ; the second with signature “F'”’ is of the same group following the signature “FE” of Part III.; the next two are consecutive, being half of sheet ““K” dealing with Order IV. Columbe.
Part V. has four coloured plates : Sociable Vulture (Otogyps auricularis) (Drawn by Captain Brown), Hawk Owl (Surnia funerea), Red-bellied Nuthatch (Sitta varia) and Barn Swallow (Hirundo rufa). The text is again a complete sheet with the signature “U,” dealing with Order VIII. Anseres.
Part VI. has four coloured plates : Barn Owl (Strix flammea), Bewick’s Wren (T'roglodytes bewicki), Golden Oriole (Oriolus _ galbula) (Engraved by J. Miller), and Meadow Lark (Sturnella ludoviciana). The text is a complete sheet, signature “ V” following the preceding one and dealing with Anseres to the Family VIL. Erismaturine.
Part VII. has four coloured and one black plate: the coloured plates are Long-Eared Owl (Otus vulgaris), Black and Orange Baltimore (Yephantes baltimore), Bohemian Waxwing (Ampelis garrulus) and Great Merganser (Mergus castor). The black plate shows heads and feet of members of the Family Vulturide. The text is again a complete sheet, following on the preceding, with the signature “W” and passing to the Tribe II. Colymbide of the Anseres.
Parts VIII. and IX. are included in one wrapper and there are eight coloured and one black plate. The coloured ones are: Pigeon Falcon (Hypotriorchis columbarius), Broadshatted Wiidah Weaver (Vidua parauisea), Black-Capt Tit (Parus atricapillus), Common Creeper (Certhia familiaris), Virginian Horned Owl (Bubo virginiana), Great Northern Shrike (Lanius borealis), Mariinico Sultana (Porphyrio martinica), Black- bellied Darter (Plotus anchinga), while the black plate shows heads of the Order Anseres. The text is two complete sheets bearing signatures ““ B” and “C” and deal with the Order I. Accipitres, following the text of Part I.
Parts X., XI., XII. appear in one wrapper with twelve coloured plates: Wilson’s Sialia (Sialia wilsonit), Purple
No.7.) | THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 181
Grakle (Quiscalus purpureus), Red Tanager (Pyranga rubra), Pine Bullfinch (Strobilophaga enucleator), Redheaded Wocd- pecker (Picus erythrocephalus), Turnstone (Cinclus morinellus), American Avoset (Recurvirostra americana), Hudsonian Sand- piper (Hemipalma multistriata), Pintail Duck (Dafila acuta), Ruddy Spinetailed Duck (Hrismatura rubida), Leach’s Storm Petrel (Thalassidroma leachii), and Short-tailed Tern (1) and Wilson’s Tern (2) (Hydrochelidon plumbea and Sterna wilsonii). The text includes a Title Page withthe same wording as on the wrappers, with the addition of “‘ Part First’ and date “1846.” A page following is occupied by a_ dedication. “To / John Owen, Esq. / of / Holly-Bank, / Near Manchester, / Honorary Secretary of the Manchester Natural History Society ; Member of the Literary and Philosophical and Geological Societies / of Manchester, etc., etc. / The following / Work on the Genera of Birds / is inscribed, as a mark of esteem and regard, / by / his faithful friend and servant, / Thomas Brown. / Natural History Society’s Museum, / Manchester, June 1846./”
The text included in this part covers two pages of signature “D” about “Order I. Accipitres, Tribe III. Strigide ”’ ; then a whole sheet with signature “G” of “Order III. Scansores [liger,” Toucans & Parrots; then two pages with signature “b b 2” of “Order II. Passeres, Tribe IV. Fringillide. Family II]. Coccothraustine ”’ following signa- ture ““b b” which appeared in the fourth part ; then a sheet with a signature “h” following the sheet ““G” continuing the Parrots and leading on to Woodpeckers.
Parts 13, 14 are included in one wrapper with eight coloured plates: Bandtailed Pigeon (Columba fasciata), American Crossbill (Loxia americana), Shore Lark (Octocris alpestris), American Woodcock (Scolopax minor), Laughing Goose (Anser albifrons), Red Flamingo (Phenicopterus ruber), Black Skimmer (Rhynchops nigra), Wood Ibis (Tantalus loculator) ; the text consists of two sheets, with signatures “7” and “k” and consecutively follow on with the last part, dealing with Woodpeckers and Cuckoos, but only three pages of the last sheet appear, the last page having a signature mie eike
182 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
The fact that a title page for the “ Part First ” appears in connection with Part XII. suggests these Parts 13 and 14 are part of another volume, but this is all we know at present.
The signatures help to arrange the text so that we have a series) Ay 1B. ©, Dy Ech Ganka Ke INE @ We Vio WeuNe= be by b b 2, but while the first four do follow, the b b, and b b 2 come in before E and F, and something is missing, while G does not directly follow F but G, h, i, k continues a series, as does U, V, W, but the others are odd and Y comes in before b b so that the sequence reads A, B, C, D...Y...bb, bite 2ivicie cc Ces Hees title Gixe. lanes «csi Dialect oe qeup ee arene NE Qe Uy Vid W.
Now, as to the publication of these parts. Apparently the wrappers were printed and dated in advance, because we have No. IL, April 1845; Il, May 1845; III., June 1845; IV., July 1845; V., August 1845; VI., September 1845; VII., October 1845, but no more. The wrappers for the succeeding numbers were those of the above with the figures altered by hand, and there are discrepancies between the London and Manchester issues. In the latter as given above, Parts 8 and 9 were issued in one wrapper and that was of a No. V., whereas the London Parts 8 and 9 appear to have wrappers separately, a No. VII. wrapper being used by the addition of a I. for the eighth part and a No. II. for the ninth, and while in the former the word October was crossed out, in the latter the word NOV®. was introduced in place of May. In both issues Parts 10, 11, 12 were issued together, a No. I. wrapper being altered tor the London issue, III. for _ Manchester, but no date added. In both these instances the price was also altered, the 3s. being made into 6s. for the double part and into 9s. for the three-part issue.
It will be seen then that Parts I. to VII. are dated at monthly intervals, and apparently 8 and 9 are for November 1845, yet Parts 10, 11, 12 include title page and introduction date June 1846, and agrees with an item “ TIllustr. . . Smith and Elder 1847. 36s.”
No evidence as to such publication has yet been traced, and though Part I. appears among the books published in
No. 7.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 183
1847 the parts in the British Museum have dates of. receipt upon them as follows: No. 1, April 17, 1845; No. 2, May 28, 1845; No. 3, August 5, 1845; No. 6, Feb. 2, 1846; No. 8 (and 9), April 22, 1846; and Nos. 9-12, Feb. 8, 1847. At this point it is marked “ All published,” but we have given details of Parts 13/14, and there is a record of sixteen parts which we have been unable to confirm.
As a synonym (in Part V.) of Anseranus Lesson appears Chenogeranus Brown, and (in Part VII.) as a synonym of Biziura Leach is cited Pileata Brown and in Part VIII. a new genus of Aquiline birds is fully described as Hamurostra Brown.
As an example of the style may be cited the novelty :
Genus Hamirostra Brown.
Bill lengthened, and moderately deep at the base. Culmen gradually bending from the base to the point, which terminates in an acute incurved tip; lateral margins nearly parallel and even, with an almost obsolete festoon towards the point ; under mandible narrow, with the gonys slightly bent. Cere very long, covering fully half the length of the bill, and partially covered with bristled plumes. Nosirils oblong-ovate, obliquely transverse, and situate near the margin of the cere. Tarsi short and robust, partially concealed above with the lengthened tibial plumes, and entirely covered with rather large irregular scales. Toes rather lengthened, the lateral ones unequal, the outer being slender and longest, the inner one very robust, all of them, as well as the hallux, covered above to the base with large broad transverse scutelliform scales, and below with small papillose ones. Hallux very robust, longer than the inner toe, and furnished with a very large slightly-hooked claw. Claws of moderate size and a little bent. Wings very long, extending beyond the point of the tail; the second, third, and fourth quills nearly equal and longest. T'aal rather short, very broad, and a little rounded at its point.
I have founded this genus on a single species, and it is a medium-sized Eagle. It is a native of New Holland, and locates on mountains in the neighbourhood of lakes and rivers.
184 . THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV
Its food consists of fish and reptiles. The specimen in the Manchester Museum was brought by Mr. George Johnson from the neighbourhood of Swan River. It is a compact and strong bird, somewhat larger than the Osprey. I have designated it Hamirostra montana. It is called the Broad- Tailed Mountain Eagle by the settlers.”
This appears to refer to the Black-breasted Buzzard, Buteo melanosternon, Gould, 1840, for which Kaup introduced the genus Gypoictinia in 1847, a year later than Brown’s genus name.
Dr. Tattersall, Keeper of the Manchester Museum, sent us the following note: “I have just come across a copy of the printed ‘“ Report of the Council of the Manchester Natural History Society ” issued in 1842. On page four is written under date 31st January, 1842, ‘The accompanying _ list of Donations will show that many interesting additions have been made to the Museum during the last year. In the department of Ornithology alone, nearly seven hundred. speci- mens have been added to the general collection ; among them a pair of Wild Turkeys from North America, and that remarkable bird from New Holland which formed part of the splendid donation of David Cannon McConnell, Esq. This bird exhibits a combination of characters irreconcilable with any genera of “ Le Régne Animal” of Cuvier, or of the arrange- ment of Temminck, and which Captain Brown suggests may be constituted a new genus under the appellation of Chenogeranus Australis, or Australian Goose-Crane.’ ”’
We have not traced the other genus name also recorded in synonymy, Pileata Brown, but it may also occur in some similar extract.
As the few copies of this work we have traced all consist of some parts in wrappers and none complete in themselves save one shows the twelve parts “all published,” and this agrees with the published data, we have extracted the classifi- cation in detail for reference As we have fourteen parts in view now and a record of sixteen some of these may be found later without wrappers, and as there is no pagination for gauging such the complete details should immediately
No. 7.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 185
determine such parts. We may add that the whole of the divisions mentioned hereafter are described in full as the example cited.
With regard to the synonymous names cited we note many misprints, but do not think it is of much value citing same in synonymy, unless of peculiar formation, although such has been customary.
Order I. Accipitres Linnzus Grand Division I. Accipitres Diurni Tribe I. Vulturide Family I. Gypaétine Genus Gypaétus Storr Family II. Sarcoramphinee
Genus Neophron Savigny Sarcoramphus Dumeril Cathartes Illiger : Family IJ. Vulturine Genus Vultur Mcehring Gyps Savigny
Otogyps G. R. Gray Family IV. Gypohieracinz Genus Gypohierax Riippell Tribe II. Falconidee Family I. Polyborine Genus Ibycter Vieillot Polyborus Vieillot Milvago Spix Family Il. Buteonine Genus Buteo Cuvier Family IIT. Aquilinz
Genus Aquila Brisson Circaétus Vieillot Morphnus Cuvier ~ Haliaétus Savigny Spizaétus Vieillot Hamirostra Brown Harpyia Vieillot Pontoaétus Kaup Cachinna Fleming Habiastur Selby
Pandion Savigny Helotarsus Smith
186 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Family IV. Falconine
Genus Falco Linneeus ' Leracidea Gould Tinnunculus Vieillot Harpagus Vigors Hypotriorchis Boie Terax Vigors
Family V. Milvine
Genus Milvus Cuvier Cymindis Cuvier Avicida Swainson Hlanus Savigny Baza Hodgson Rostrhamus Lesson Pernis Cuvier Gampsonyx Vigors Nauclerus Vigors Ictinia Vieillot
Family VI. Accipitrine
Genus Accipiter Brisson Melierax G. R. Gray Astur Lacépéde Micrasiur G. R. Gray Ischnosceles Strickland Polornis Kaup
Family VII. Circinee
Genus Circus Lacépéde Serpentarius Cuvier Polyboroides Smith
Grand Division II. Accipitres Nocturne Tribe IIT. Strigidee Family I. Surnine Genus Surnia Dumeril Nyctea Stephens Athene Boie
Family Il. Bubonine
Genus Bubo Sibbald Ephialtes Keyserling and Ketuwpa Lesson Blasius Family IT. Ululine Genus Syrnium Savigny Otus Cuvier
Nyctale Brehm
Order IJ. Passeres
No. 7.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
Grand Division IV. Conirostres. Tribe I. Corvidee Family I. Phonygaminze
Genus GymnorhinaG. R. Gray — Phonygama Lesson Strepera Lesson
Family Il. Garruline
Genus Cyanocorax Boie Garrulus Brisson Cissa Boie Perisoreus Bonaparte Psilorhinus Riippell Lophocitta G. R. Gray
Family JIT. Callzeatinze Genus Crypsirina Vieillot Struthidea Gould
Tribe IV. Fringillidee
Family II. Coccothraustine
Genus Pyrenestes Swainson Calamospiza Bonaparte Guiraca Swainson Geospiza Gould - Coccothraustes Brisson Camarhynchus Gould Cardinalis Bonaparte Cactornis Gould Spermospiza Swainson Certhidea Gould
Family II. Tanagrine
Genus Pipils Vicillot Saltator Vieillot Emberizoides Temminck Lamprotes Swainson Pitylus Cuvier Tachyphonus Vieillot Cissopis Vieillot Cypsnagra Lesson Ramphopis Vieillot Arremon Vieillot
Family IV. Fringillinze Genus Carduelis Brisson Ammodramus Swainson Fringilla Linneus Chondestes Swainson Passerella Swainson Zonotrichia Swainson
187
188
Family V. Genus Hmberiza Linnzeus Euspiza Bonaparte Gubernatrix Lesson
Family VI.
Genus Alauda Linneeus Megalophonus Swainson Melanocorypha Boie Otocoris Bonaparte Pyrrhulauda A. Smith
Family VII. Genus Pyrrhula Mcehring
THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
[Vol. IV.
Emberizinze
Fringillaria Swainson Plectrophanes Meyer
Alaudinee
Mvwafra Horsfield Certhilauda Swainson Erana G. R. Gray Macronyx Swainson Agrodroma Swainson
Pyrrhuline Catamblyrhynchus Lafresnaye
Crithagra Swainson Uragus Keyserling and Carpodacus Kaup Blasius Spermophila Swainson Strobilophaga Vieillot Family VIII. Loxins Genus Loxia Brisson Order III. Scansores Tribe I. Ramphastide Family I. Ramphastinz Genus Ramphastos Linneus Pteroglossus Illiger Tribe IT. Psittacidee Family I. Pezoporinz Genus Nymphicus Wagler Pezoporus Illiger Platycercus Vigors Melopsittacus Gould Palwornis Vigors Euphema Wagler Coracopsis Wagler Trichoglossus Vigors and
Prioniturus Wagler
Horsfield
No. 7.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 189
Family II. Arainee
Genus Ara Brisson Enicognathus G. R. Gray Conurus Kuhl Family III. Lorine Genus Charmosyna Wagler Eclectus Wagler Eos Wagler Coriphilus Wagler
Lorius Brisson
Family IV. Psittacine Genus Psittacus Linneus Chrysotis Swainson Tanygnathus Wagler Nasiterna Wagler Psittacula Brisson Family V. Cacatuine
Genus Microglossum Geoffroy _ Strigops G. R. Gray Licmetis Wagler Dasy ptilus Wagler Cacatua Brisson Nestor Wagler Calyptorhynchus Vigors and Horsfield
Tribe III. Picide Family I. Capitoninee Genus Capito Vieillot Psilopogon Muller
Laimodon G. R. Gray Megalorhynchus Eyton Megalaima G. R. Gray
Family I]. Picumninee Genus Picumnus Temminck Sasia Hodgson
Family III. Picine
Genus Picoides Lacépéde Dendrobates Swainson Picus Linneeus Campephilus G. R. Gray Dryocopus Boie Hemicercus Swainson
Chrysocolaptes Blyth Family IV. Gecininee Genus Gecinus Boie Campethera G. R. Gray Celeus Boie Brachypternus Strickland
Hemilophus Swainson Tiga Kaup Chrysoptilus Swainson
190 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
Family V. Melanerpinz
Genus Centurus Swainson Chloronerpes Swainson Melanerpes Swainson Leuconerpes Swainson
Family VI. Colaptinze Genus Colaptes Swainson Meigly ptes Swainson Family VII. Yuncine
Genus Yunax Linneeus
Tribe IV. Cuculidee Family I. Indicatorinz Genus Indicator Vieillot Family I. Saurotherine Genus Saurothera Vieillot Geococcyx Wagler
Family III. Coccyzinee
Genus Cowa Cuvier Cultrides Pucheron Centropus Illiger Piraya Lesson Diplopterus Boie Coccyzus Vieillot
Family IV. Crotophaginee Genus Crotophaga Linnzeus Phemcophaus Vieillot Carpococcyx G. R. Gray Rhinortha Vigors Zanclostomus Swainson Scythrops Latham Dasylophus Swainson Family V. Cuculinze
Genus Cuculus Linneeus Hudynamys Vigors and Oxylophus Swainson Horsfield
Order IV. Columbe Tribe I. Columbide Family I. Treronine
Genus Ptilonopus Swainson ‘T'reron Vieillot
No. 7.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 191
Family II. Columbine
Genus Carpophaga Selby Ectopistes Swainson Columba Linnezeus Macropygia Swainson Lopholaimus Swainson CM na Selby Geopelia Swainson Turtur Selby
Order V. Gallinz
Tribe IV. Tetraonide
Family IV. Tetraonine Genus Tetrao Linnezeus
Sub-Genus Bonasa Stephens Lagopus Brisson
Family V. Pterocline Genus Pterocles Temminck Syrrhaptes Uliger
Order VII. Gralle
Tribe II. Ardeide Family III. Ardeine
Subfamily IJ. Latirostri
Genus Cancroma Linneus Platatea Linnzeus
192 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV
Family IV. | Ciconine
Genus Anastomus Bonnini Ciconia Brisson Dromas Paykull
Order VIII. Anseres Linnzeus Tribe I. Anatidee Family I. Phoenicopterine
_ Genus Phenicopterus Linnzeus
Family I. Plectropterine
Genus Anseranus Lesson Sarkidiornis Kyton Plectropterus Leach Chenalopex Stephens Family If. Anserinz Genus Cereopsis Latham Nettapus Brandt Bernicla Stephens Anser Barrére
Family IV. Cygnine Genus Cygnus Linneeus
Family V. Anatinze Genus Dendrocygne Swainson Dafila Leach
Casarka Bonaparte Pterocryanea Bonaparte Tadorna Leach Chaulelamus Swainson Mareca Stephens Spatula Boie
Aix Boie Malacorhynchus Swainson Querquedula Stephens Carina Fleming
Anas Linneeus
Family VI. Fuliguline
Genus Branta Boie Eniconetta G. R. Gray Fuligula Stephens Hymenolaimus G. R. Gray Clangula Fleming Micropterus Lesson Nyroca Fleming Somateria Leach Harelda Leach Oidemia Fleming
Camptolaimus G. R. Gray
No. 7.| . THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 193
Family VII. Erismaturine
Genus Hrismatura Bonaparte Nesonetta G. R. Gray Thalassiorns Kyton Bizwura Leach Family VIII. Mergine Genus Mergus Linnzeus Merganetta Gould
Mergellus Selby
Tribe IL. Colymbidee Family I. Colymbinz
Genus Colymbus Linneus Family Il. Podicepinee Genus Podiceps Latham Podilymbus Lesson
Tribe III. Alcide Family I. Alcinze
Genus Alca Linneus Utamania Ray Fratercula Brisson Mergulus Ray
Six plates with figures lithographed on stone and drawn by Captain Brown, and numbered I. to VI. appear to re- present another venture. These are unaccompanied by letterpress or wrapper, so that it is merely a guess that they may represent an item “ Ornithology, Part I., Captain Thomas Brown. London, 1827.” -
The first plate shows four figures: the heading is MERoPs (Bee-Eater). 1. Gularis, Red-throated. 2. Apiaster, European. 3. Cerulocephalus, Blue-headed. 4. Malimbicus, Malimbic.
The second plate has five figures: the heading is Picus (Woodpecker). 1. Braziliensis, Brazilian. 2. Principalis, White- billed. 3. Prleatus, Pileated. 4. Major, Greater Spotted. 5. Minimus, Least.
The third plate has seven figures : the heading is TrRocHILUS (Humming Bird). 1. Minimus, Least, Male. 2. Do. Do. Female. 3. Colubris, Red-throated, Male. 4. Colubris, Red-throated, Female. 5. Pella, Topaz-throated. 6. Multicolor, Harliquin. 7. Superbus, Stripe-cheeked.
194 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. IV.
The fourth plate has six figures: the heading is ALCEDO (Kingfisher). 1. Hrithica, Red-headed. 2. Chlorocephala, Green- headed. 3. Pusilla, Minute. 4. Ultramarina, Ultramarine. 5. Ispida, Common. 6. Atricapilla, Black-capped.
The fifth is a single figure, Stria-nyctea, Snowy Owl. Male.
The sixth shows one bird only, Mycteria australis, Austra- lasian Jabiru. This set is uncoloured, but probably some coloured copies exist and there may be also some letterpress.
This note has been written to draw attention to the possi- bility of some more copies existing as odd unrecognised parts, and details are requested.
To Dr. W. M. Tattersall and Mr. T. A. Coward, M.Sc., the thanks of ornithologists generally are due, and we here especially thank them for their assistance in this matter, and to the latter for allowing us to use and acquire the parts, as by their means we have been able to build up the sequence as far as it has gone.
ee ee | AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD Is published at irregular intervals, about four times per year, in parts of about 24 pages each, and often with a coloured Plate; eight parts form a volume. Price per volume 12/- post free.
The “Austral Avian Record” contains :
1. Discussions regarding the relationships and ranges of species and subspecies of particular genera, especially those which will not be dealt with in the immediate future in Mathews’s “Birds of Australia,” or those that have been.
2. Revision of what has been published in the “ Birds of Australia,” when accession of material and new facts necessitate such revision. es
3. Description of new forms.
4, Discussions regarding nomenclature.
5. Supplements to the “ Reference List of the ‘ Birds of Australia.” Sn e
6. Dates of Publication of works about which any doubt exists. i
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“GREGORY M. MATHEWS
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INDEX TO VOL. IV. OF
THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD
INDEX
abdimii, Ciconia, 141.
, Sphenorynchus, 141. Acanthagenys rufogularis, 105. Acanthisitta chloris, 62. Acanthiza ewingi, 112.
—— flaviventris, 112. inornata, 97.
—— iredalei, 97.
lineata, 97.
nana, 97.
—— pallida, 137.
—— pusilla, 97.
—— uropygialis, 97. Acanthochzra chrysoptera, 105.
Acanthorhynchus superciliosus, 103.
tenuirostris, 103. Acanthornis magnus, 98. Accipiter, 186. cirrhocephalus, 83. cooperi, 179. Acrocephalus palustris, 163. Actitis, 125, 129. hypoleucus, 72. acuminata, Heteropygia, 123. acuminatus, Limnocinclus, 55, 72. acuta, Dafila, 181. acuticauda, Poephila, 106. acutirostris, Heteralocha, 64. Adamastor cinereus, 51, 67, 11]. adscitus, Platycercus, 85. AXichmorhynchus, 129. A£gintha temporalis, 106, 116, fXgotheles cristata, 89, 117. zquinoctialis, Priofinus, 111. , Procellaria, 51. A®strelata lessoni, 51, 67. affinis, Cinnyris, 174. , Melithreptus, 102. ——.,, Sitta, 158.
‘ csesia, 158. africanus, Podica, 175. , Pteropus, 174, 175, Agrodroma, 188. Aidemosyne modesta, 106. Ailurcedus crassirostris, 107.
| Ailurcedus maculosus, 9.
melanotus, 107. Aix, 192.
ajaya, Platalea, 179. Alauda, 188. fringillaria, 158. leucoptera, 158. novezelandize var p,, 150. rufescens, 159. ; sibirica, 158.
—— tigrina, 159. yeltoniensis, 158.
| alba, Crocethia, 113.
| ——, Trynga, 26.
| ——, Tyto, 84.
| ——modesta, Eegretta, 154.
—— yarrellia, Motacilla, 132, 140.
| albata, Sittella, 10.
Albatross, Light-mantled Sooty, 52. ——, Royal, 52.
——, Snowy, 52, 68.
——-, Sooty, 52, 68.
——, Wandering, 52, 68.
, White-capped, 68.
| alberti, Harriwhitea, 90.
albicilla, Certhiparus, 63.
| albifacies, Pcecilodryas, 9.
, Sceloglaux, 60. albifrons, Anarhynchus, 152. ——, Anser, 181.
——, Ephthianura, 96.
| ——, Merops, 118, 137, 145.
——, Purnella, 103.
——, Saxicola, 160.
, Sternula, 70. albilineata, Dorothina, 104. albipennis, Petrophassa, 78. albistriata, Chlidonias, 54. albiventer, Neochmia, 107. albiventris, Zosterops, 101. albivitta, Procelsterna, 149, , — cerulea, 135. albofrontatus, Hapolorhynchus, 653.
| albogularis, Conopophila, 103.
———, Nezozosterops, 110.
200
albosignata, Eudyptula, 49.
albus, Casmerodius, 59; 81.
, Leucanous, 54, 110.
, Porphyrio, 109.
Alea, 193.
Alcedo atricapilla, 194.
azurea, 120.
chlorocephala, 194.
——— erithica, 194.
—— ispida, 194.
—— pusilla, 194.
—— ultramarina, 194.
Aleyone azurea, 89, 116.
alecto, Piezorhynchus, 94.
Alectura lathami, 77.
alexanderi, Geobasileus 137.
alexandre, Northipsitta, 86.
Alisteranus cinctus, 106.
alisteri, Dulciornis, 96.
——, Fregettornis, 108.
—_—, Samuela, 95.
Alisterornis lanioides, 93.
Alisterus scapularis, 85, 116, 139.
alligator, Leucotreron, 79.
chrysorrhous,
alpestris, Octocris, 181. Alphachlamydera cerviniventris, 107. Alphacincla woodwardi, 99. | Alphaturnia pyrrhothorax, 77.
velox, 77.
alpina, Erolia, 12%.
alpinus, Turdus, 160.
altera, Motacilla, 132.
amabilis, Leggeornis, 98. | ——, Zenaida, 179. Amaurodryas vittata, 92.
Amaurornis moluceanus, 76.
americana, Loxia, 181.
——, Recurvirostra, 181.
americanus, Regulus, 179. Ammodramus, 187.
Amoropelia, 164,
ampelinus, Corvus, 140.
Ampelis garrulus, 180.
Amytis goyderi, 9.
anethetus, Melanosterna, 70. | analoga, Ptilotina, 103. | Anarhynchus albifrons, 152. frontalis, 56. | Anas, 192. | clypeata, 135.
—— cygnus, 113.
—— ferruginea, 153.
hrota, 155.
—— media fera, 133.
nyroca, 136.
—— obseura, 153.
THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.
Anas rufa, 136.
—— rutila, 153.
superciliosa, 59, 80. Anastomus, 192.
Anatica, 142, 143.
anceps, Fringilla, 132. anchinga, Plotus, 180. Ancylochilus, 129. subarquatus, 123. Angroyan cyanopterus, 99, 116. Anhinga novehollandiz, 53, 69. Anous cinereus, 135, 149, 150. stolidus, 54, 70.
Anser, 142, 192.
albifrons, 181.
Anseranas semipalmata, 79, 166. Anseranus, 183, 192.
antaretica, Priocella, 51, 67.
, Thalassoica, 51. antareticus, Lopholaimus, 79. Anteliotringa, 129.
———. tenuirostris, 71: Anthochera lunulata, 147. Anthocera, 169.
anthopeplus, Polytelis, 86. Anthophagus, 172.
—— cincinnatus, 174.
—— olivaceus, 174.
Anthornis melanura, 63. Anthus grayi, 150. noveseelandiz, 150. phillipsi, 151.
pratensis, 169.
antipodes, Megadyptes, 50. antiquorum, Phoenicopterus ruber, 154 Aphelocephala castaneiventris, 100. —— leucopsis, 100.
pectoralis, 100.
apiaster, Merops, 193.
Aplonis fuscus, 109, 110. approximans, Circus, 60, 83, 167 Aprosmictus erythropterus, 86. Aptenodytes chrysocome, 145. erestata, 146.
== Crestapusualontc
—— patagonica, 50, 66. Apteryx australis, 58.
haasti, 58.
| ——- owen, 58.
Aquila, 185.
Ara, 189.
Arara carolinensis, 179. arctica, Priofinus, 111. Ardea cinerea, 59. stellaris, 135, 162. arenaria, Calidris, 123. Arenaria interpres, 56, 74.
argentatus, Larus, 158. argenticeps, Philemon, 105. ariel, Fregata, 53, 68.
, Lagenoplastes, 91. Arquatella, 125, 129. maritima, 123. Arremon, 187.
Artamus leucorynchus, 99. aruensis, Tonophoyx, 81. arundinacea, Salicaria, 162.
, Sylvia, 162.
Ashbyia lovensis, 96. asiaticus, Xenorhynchus, 81. assimilis, Circus, 83.
, Micreea, 9.
, Puffinus, 50, 67.
Astur, 186.
ater, Mesocarbo, 53, 69.
, Parus sylvestris, 133. aterrimus, Probosciger, 87.
—, Psittacus, 142.
Athene, 186.
atra, Fulica, 57, 76.
atrata, Chenopis, 80. atricapilla, Alcedo, 194.
, Parus, 132.
atricapillus, Melithreptus, 102. , Parus, 180.
Atrichornis rufescens, 91. atrogularis, Ginanthe deserti, 160. aucklandica, Coenocorypha, 55. , Nesonetta, 59.
audax, Uroaétus, 83, 116. auralentus, Picus, 140. Aurephthianura aurifrons, 96. crocea, 96.
auriceps, Cyanorhamphus, 61. auricularis, Otogyps, 180. aurifrons, Aurephthianura, 96, Australasia novehollandiz, 167. australis, Apteryx, 58.
, Austranthus, 105.
——, Austrotis, 75.
——, Calamoherpe, 136. ——, Chenogeranus, 166, 184. ——, Conopoderas, 96.
——, Eopsaltria, 93.
——, Hrismatura, 80.
—— , Gallirallus, 57.
——, Larus, 135, 152.
——, Miro, 62.
——, Mycteria, 194.
———, Nyroca, 59, 80.
——, Pandion halietos, var., 136. ——, Peltohyas, 75.
——, Promergus, 59.
——, Rostratula, 71.
INDEX. 201
australis mellori, Conopoderas, 136. Austranthus australis, 105. noveeseelandix, 64. Austrartamus cinereus, 99. Austrodiceum hirundinaceum, 101. Austropitta versicolor, 90.
Austrotis australis, 75.
Austroturnix castanota, 77.
olivii, 77.
Avicida, 186.
Avocet, Red-necked, 56, 73. Avoset, American, 181. Aythya ferina, 167.
azurea, Alcedo, 120.
, Aleyone, 89,116.
Babbler, 96.
, Chestnut-crowned, 96. , White-browed, 96. betica, Calandrella rufescens, 159. Baltimore, Black and Yellow, 180. baltimore, Yephantes, 180. banksu, Calyptorhynchus, 86, 117. barnardi, Barnardius, 85. Barnardius barnardi, 8). zonarius, 85. Bartramia, 124, 125, 129. longicauda, 72.
basalis, Chalcites, 88. Bastard nachtigall, 131, 133. Bathilda ruficauda, 106. bathurstii, Psittacus, 142. baudinii, Zanda, 86. Baumklette, kleine, 132. Baza, 186.
Bee-eater, 89.
, Blue-headed, 193. ——, Huropean, 193.
=——, Hooded Like?
——, Malimbiec, 193.
——, Red-throated, 193. ——., Variegated, 118.
——, Wattled, 118.
—, White-fronted, 115. Relchera rosea, 92.
belcheri, Heteroprion, 51, 68. Bell-Bird, 63.
, Crested, 100, 112.
3ell Minah, 105.
bellus, Porphyrio, 76.
—, Zoneeginthus, 106. bengalensis, Thalasseus, 70. bennetti, Corvus, 108. Bergamsel, 132.
Berefinke, 132.
bergu, Thalasseus, 54, 70. Bergsperling, 132,
202 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.
berigora, leracidea, 82, 116. Berneyornis strenuus, 84. Bernicla, 192.
—— hrota, 155.
bewickii, Cygnus, 179.
, Troglodytes, 180. bichenovii, Steganopleura, 106. bicinctus, Cirrepidesmus, 56. ——-, Nesoceryx, 74.
bicolor, Myristicivora, 79. Bittern, 81.
——, Black-backed, 59. ——, Little, 59, 81.
——, Little Mangrove, $1. ——, Red Mangrove, 81. Biziura, 183, 193.
lobata, 80.
Blackbird, 109.
——, Grey-headed, 110. Blagrus, 136, 147. Bleikehlehen, 132. Blue-Bonnett, 85.
Bohemian Waxwing, 180. Bonasa, 191.
bonelli, Falco, 167.
, Pseudeetus, 167. borealis, Lanius, 180. Botaurus poiciloptilus, 59, 81. bourkii, Neopsephotus, 85. Bowdleria punctata, 63. —-— rufesecens, 63. Bower-Bird, Fawn-breasted, 107. ——, Golden, 107.
, Great, 107.
es Senin, NO,
——, Spotted, 107.
, Tooth-billed, 107. boweri, Bowyeria, 99. Bowyeria boweri, 99. brachydactyla, Calandrella, 158. brachyptera, Sphenura, 116. Brachypternus, 189. brachypterus, Gallirallus, 57. bracteatus, Dicruropsis, 107. Brandeule, 132.
Branta, 192.
leucopsis, 155. braziliensis, Picus, 193. brevipes, Heteractitis, 72, 112. brevirostris, Microcarbo, 53. , Smicrornis, 92.
Bristle Bird, 98.
—— ——, Rufous, 98. britannica, Sitta cesia, 158. broadbenti, Maccoyornis, 98. Broadbentia flava, 104. Brolga, 75.
Bronze-Wing, 78.
Brush, 78.
Bruchigavia melanorhyncha, 55.: novehollandizw, 54, 71, 135. brunnea, Colluricincla, 99.
, Sylvia, 163.
brunneicauda, Microeca, 91. brunneopygia, Drymodes, 95. brunneus, Pyrrholemus, 97. Brush-Turkey, 77.
Brustwenzel, 132.
Bubo, 186.
—— virginiana, 180. Budgerygar, 84.
Budytes flava, 105.
Bulestes mentalis, 100.
—— torquatus, 100.
bulleri, Thalassarche, 52.
——, Thyellodroma, 50. Bullfineh, Pine, 181.
Bunte Rohrhenne, 134.
Bunting, Lapland Long-spur, 179. Burhinus magnirostris, 71. Bush-Chat, Desert, 96. Bush-Lark, 106.
Bustard, 75.
Butcher Bird, Black, 100.
——, Black-backed, 100. —— ——, Black-throated, 100.
, Collared, 100.
Buteo, 185.
melanosternon, 167, 184. —— pennsylvanicus, 179. pecilonotus, 147.
Butor stellaris, 162.
Butorides rogersi, 81.
striata, 81.
Buzzard, Black-breasted, 82, 184. , Broad-winged, 179.
Cabalus modestus, 57. Cacatua, 189.
gymnopis, 10.
Cachinna, 185.
Cacomantis pyrrhophanus, 87. rubricatus, 87. Cactornis, 187.
scandens, 149.
cerulea, Halobena, 51, 68. ceruleus, Hirundolanius, 136, 151. cesia affinis, Sitta, 158. britanniea, Sitta, 158. Cairina, 192.
ecairnsensis, Ethelornis, 92.
| Calamanthus campestris, 96.
fuliginosus, 96. Calamoherpe australis, 136.
Calamospiza, 187. Calandrella brachydactyla, 158. fringillaria, 158. —— minor rufescens, 159. rufescens baetica, 159. cheleensis, 159. heinei, 159. kukunoorensis, 159. leucophea, 159. —— — minor, 159. persica, 159. polatzeki, 159. rufescens, 159. — seebohmi, 159. Calandritis minor, 159. caledonicus, Nycticorax, 59, 81. , Platycercus, 85. Caleya megarhyncha, 99. Calidris, 125, 129. arenaria, 123. ealidris, Tringa, 123. Calidritine, 128, 129. Callocorydon fimbriatus, 86. Calloeas cinerea, 64. wilsoni, 64. Caloptilotis macleayana, 104. Calyptorhynchus, 189. banksii, 86, 117. Camarhynchus, 187. campbelli, Hypoleucus, 53. Campbellornis personatus, 99. superciliosus, 99. Campephilus, 189. campestris, Calamanthus, 96. Campethera, 189. Camptolaimus, 192. canadensis, Tetrao, 179. canariensis, Fringilla, 152.
; ceelebs, 152. Cancroma, 191. eantator, Ethelornis, 92. canus major, Larus, 157. Canutine, 125, 128. Canutus canutus, 55, 71, 123. Capella, 129, 131. coelestis, 131, 133. gallinago, 131. capensis, Petrella, 51, 67. , Turnagra, 63. Capito, 189. capito, Tregellasia, 93. earbo, Phalacrocorax, 53, 69. Cardinalis, 187. cardinalis, Fringilla, 133. Carduelis, 187. carneipes, Hemipuffinus, 51, 67. carolinensis, Arara, 179.
INDEX
Carphibis spinicollis, 81. Carpococcyx, 190.
Carpodacus, 188,
rosea, 164.
Carpophaga, 191.
carteri, Hremiornis, 97. Carterornis leucotis, 94. carunculata, Coleia, 64, 105, 116. carunculatus, Creadion, 64, 170. , Hypoleucus, 53.
| ——, Merops, 169, 170.
, Sturnus, 169. Caryocatactes nucifraga, 162. Casarca tadornoides, 80. variegata, 58.
Casarka, 192.
Casmerodius, 112.
albus, 59, 81.
caspia, Hydroprogne, 54, 70. Cassowary, 66. :
Van Diemen’s Land, 174. castanea, Virago, 59, 80.
castaneiventris, Aphelocephala, 100.
——., Vidgenia, 88. castaneothorax, Donacola, 106. castaneoventris, Hulabeornis, 76. castanota, Austroturnix, 77. castanotis, Tzeniopygia, 106. castanotum, Cinclosoma, 95. castor, Mergus, 180.
Casuarius casuarius, 66. diemenianus, 174, 175. Cat Bird, 107.
, Spotted, 107. Catamblyrhynchus, 188.
| Caterpillar-catcher, 95, 110. | Caterpillar-eater, 95.
, Pied, 95.
| Catharacta, 112.
—- lonnbergi, 55, 71. maccormicki, 55. Cathartes, 185.
Catoptropelicanus conspicillatus,
69. Catoptrophorus, 124, 125, 129. Caturates fuseus, 162.
| —-— glaucus, 162.
maximus, 162.
—— nevius, 162.
caudacuta, Hirundo, 138.
, Pallenia, 138.
caudacutus, Hirundapus, 62, 90, eauta, Diomedella, 52, 68.
—, Hylacola, 95.
cecilie, Corvus, 108.
Celeus, 189.
cenchroides, Cerchneis, 60, 82.
»
r
3,
204
Centropus, 190.
Centurus, 190.
Cerchneis cenchroides, 60, 82. Cereopsis, 192.
—— novehollandie, 79. Certhia familiaris, 180.
—— pacifica, 174.
—— pusilla, 132.
Certhidea, 187.
Certhilauda, 188.
Certhionyx variegatus, 103. Certhiparus albicilla, 63. cerulea, Procelsterna, 54, 109, 110. — albivitta, Procelsterna, 135. cerviniventris, Alphachlamydera, 107, ——, Peecilodryas, 92. Chalcites basalis, 88.
—— parvirostris, 148. chalconotus, Hypoleucus, 53. Chalcophaps chrysochlora, 78. chalecoptera, Phaps, 78. Channel-Bill, 88.
Charadrius, 112.
—— cucullatus, 74. Charmosyna, 189.
Chat, Orange-fronted, 96.
, Tricoloured, 96.
——, White-fronted, 96.
——, Yellow-breasted, 96. chathamensis, Hemiphaga, 58, Chaulelasmus, 192.
cheleensis, Calandrella rufescens, 159. Chenalopex, 192.
Cheniscus coromandelianus, 79. —— pulchelius, 79. Chenogeranus, 183.
—— australis, 166, 184. Chenonetta jubata, 80, 116. Chenopis atrata, 80. Cheramoeca leucosternum, 91. chinensis, Excalfactoria, 77. chionoptera, Diomedea, 52, 68. Chlamydera maculata, 107. Chlamydodera occipitalis, 9. orientalis, 9. Chlidonias, 112.
albistriata, 54. leucopareia, 70.
—— leucoptera, 54, 70. ehloris, Acanthisitta, 62.
——, Sauropatis, 89. chlorocephala, Aleedo, 194. chlorolepidota, Hutelipsitta, 87. Chloronerpes, 190.
chloronotus, Ethelornis, 92. chlororhynchus, Thalassarche, 52, 68. chlorotis, Elasmonetta; 59:
THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.
Chondestes, 187.
Chough, White-winged, 108.
Chroicocephalus franklinii, 156.
Chrysauchcena humeralis, 78.
chrysocephalus, Sericulus, 107, 137, 142.
chrysochlora, Chalcophaps, 78.
cbhrysocilla, Emberiza, 160.
Chrysocolaptes, 189.
chrysocome, Aptenodytes, 145.
——, Eudyptes, 146.
chrysogaster, Neonanodes, 84.
chrysolophus, Eudyptes, 146.
chrysophrys, Emberiza, 160.
chrysops,.Paraptilotis, 103.
chrysoptera, Acanthocheera, 105.
——, Littlera, 91.
——, Neositta, 101.
chrysopterygius, Psephotellus, 85.
Chrysoptilus, 189.
chrysorrhous alexanderi, Geobasileus, oie
—— Geobasileus, 97.
chrysostoma, Thalassarche, 52, 68.
chrysostomus, Neonanodes, 84.
Chrysotis, 189.
Chthonicola sagittata,
Chubbia, 128.
Ciconia, 192.
97.
| = abdimii, 141. cincinnatus, Anthophagus, 174.
Cinclorhamphus cruralis, 96. Cinclosoma castanotum, 95. —— punctatum, 95.
| Cinclus morinellus, 181. | cineta, Notiomystis, 63.
cinectus, Alisteranus, LO6. ——, Erythrogonys, 75. cinerea, Ardea, 59.
, Calleas, 64.
——, Dromolxa, 144.
——, CGinanthe, 144.
——.,, Priofinus, 111.
——, Sterna, 135, 149. ——, Stolida, 135, 149, 150. ——, Struthidea, 108.
| ——, Terekia, 72.
cinereifrons, Heteromyias, 9. ——, Iredaleornis, 92. eiereus, Adamastor, 51, 67, 111 ——, Anous, 135, 149, 150. ——, Austrartamus, 99. ——, Larus, 162.
——, Poliolimnas, 76. cinnamonea, Samuela, 95, Cinnyris affinis, 174, Cireaetus, 185.
Cireus, 186,
INDEX.
Circus approximans, 60, 83, 167.
—— assimilis, 83.
—— juxta, 167.
—— —— gouldi, 167.
—— —— inexpectatus, 167.
—— —— juxta, 167. |
Cirrepidesmus bicinctus, 56.
—— mongolus, 74.
cirrhocephalus, Accipiter, 83.
Cissa, 187.
Cissomela nigra, 102. |
—— pectoralis, 102. |
Cissopsis, 187.
Cisticola exilis, 96.
Cladorhynchus leucocephalus, 73.
clamosa, Rahcinta, 91.
Clangula, 142, 192.
claudi, Glychichera, 103.
elavigula, Trochilus, 148.
Climacteris erythrops, 101.
leucophza, 101.
superciliosa, 101.
clivicola, Hirundo, 162.
clypeata, Anas, 135.
, Rhynchoplatus, 135.
——, Spatula, 135.
Coachwhip Bird, 95.
-, Black-throated, 96. |
Cocecothraustes, 187. |
Coceyzus, 190.
cocinea, Pyrrhula, 162.
Cockatoo, Banksian, 86.
, Black, 86.
——, Blood-stained, 86.
— , Cook’s, 174.
——, Gang-Gang, 122.
——., Glossy, 86.
Palmers
———, White, 86.
, White-tailed, Black, 86.
cockerelli, Hemiptilotis, 104.
celebs, Hippolais, 131. |
, Motacilla, 131, 133. |
canariensis, Fringilla, 152. |
tintillon, Fringilla, 152.
celestis, Capella, 131, 133. |
, Gallinago, 130. |
, Scolopax, 130, 131, 132, 133, Coenocorypha, 125, 128. aucklandica, 55.
ccerulea, Procellaria, 165. cceruleocephala, Merops, 193. Colaptes, 190.
Colcloughia melanogaster, 77. Coleia carunculata, 64, 105, 116. Collocalia terrereginz, 10. Colluricinela brunnea, 99,
205
Colluricincla harmonica, 99. rufiventris, 99. colubris, Trochilus, 193. Columba, 191.
elegans, 142. fasciata, 181. —— forcipata, 149. gallapagina, 149. gallapaginus, 149. lawsonii, 142. nebui, 149. sylvestris, 133. —— tahitina, 149. —— turtur, 164.
| columbarius, Hypotriorchis, 180.
Columbi-gallina gallapogcensis, 149. Colymbus, 1138, 193.
glacialis, 179.
compilator, Emberiza, 131. concinna, Glossopsitta, 87, 116. Conigravea parvula, 99.
| connivens, Hieracoglaux, 83. Conopoderas australis, 96.
mellori, 136. Conopophaga rufogularis, 103. Conopophila albogularis, 103. conspicillatus, Catoptropelicanus, 53,
Conurus, 189.
cookii, Cookilaria, 51, 67.
, Psittacus, 167, 174. Cookilaria cookil, 51, 67. cooperi, Accipiter, 179. Coot, 57, 76.
, Bald, 76.
——, Blue Bald, 76. Coprotheres pomavinus, 71. Coracopsis, 188.
Corcorax melanorhamphus, 108. Corella, 86.
Corethrura, 152.
—— dimidiata, 152.
—— elegans, 152. Coriphilus, 189. Cormorant, Black, 69.
| ——, Black-faced, 69.
——.,, Little, 69.
——, Little Black, 69.
———, Pied, 69) Ll.
Cornerake, 57, 76.
corniculatus, Tropidorhynchus, 105. coromandelianus, Cheniscus, 79. coronata, Rosina, 98. coronatus, Picus, 140.
Coronica fuliginosa, 170. coronoides, Corvus, 108.
Corvus ampelinus, 140,
206 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.
Corvus bennetti, 108. coronoides, 108.
—— cecilie, 108.
— melanogaster, 120. paradoxus, 169, 170. sanguinicollis, 140. Cosmaerops ornatus, 89, 117. Cosmopelia elegans, 78. Coturnix novezealandiz, 58. pectoralis, 77.
Coua, 190.
Coucal, 88.
coxeni, Opopsitta, 87. Cracticus nigrogularis, 100. rufescens, 9.
Crake, Little, 76.
, Spotless, 76.
-——, Spotted, 76.
——, White-browed, 76. Cranellus, 151. Craspedophora magnifica, 108. crassirostris, Ailurcedus, 107. eratitius, Lichenostomus, 104. Creadion carunculatus, 64, 170. —— dilophus, 170.
—— paradoxus, 169. paradoxus, 169. westernensis, 169. Creeper, 63.
, Common, 180.
crestata, Aptenodytes, 146. crestatus, Aptenodytes, 137. Crex crex, 57, 76.
evistata, Augotheles, 89, 117.
, Eudyptes, 146. cristatum, Sphenostoma, 100. cristatus, Eudyptes, 137. -cristatus, 147. ——, Garrulus, 179.
—--, Podiceps, 58, 76.
———, fTurdus, 112.
—— cristatus, Eudyptes, 147. —— filholi, Eudyptes, 147. —-— interjectus, Hudyptes, 147. ——— moseleyi, Kudyptes, 147. serresianus, Hudyptes, 147. cristaurea, Regulus, 162. Crithagra, 188.
crocea, Aurephthianura, 96.
, Ephthianura, 9. Crocethia, 112, 125, 129. —— alba, 113.
—— leucophea, 72, 113. Crossbill, American, 181. Crotophaga, 190.
Crow, Black-breasted, 120. -——, Blue-wattled, 64.
Crow, Northern, 108.
, Orange-wattled, 64.
, Small-billed, 108. Crow-Shrike, Black, 100. ——, Black-winged, 100. ——, Grey, 100.
——., Pied, 100.
cruralis, Cinclorhamphus, 96. Crypsirina, 187.
Ctenanas eytoni, 58, 80. Cuckoo, Black-eared, 88. ——, Broad-billed Bronze, 88. —-—, Bronze, 88.
——— Brush, 87;
—_—., Chestnut-breasted, 88. ——, Fantailed, 87.
———, Little Bronze, 88.
—-—-, Long-tailed, 61.
-———, Narrow-billed Bronze, 88. ——., Oriental, 61, 87.
——; Pallid, 87.
—-—, Rufous-breasted Bronze, 88. ——, Shining, 61.
——, Square-tailed, 87. Cuckoo-Shrike, Barred, 94. —-——, Black-faced, 94.
— —, Ground, 94.
—_—., Little, 63, 94.
——., White-bellied, 94. cucullata, Melanodryas, 92, 136. cucullatus, Charadrius, 74.
, Merops, 118.
Cuculus, 190.
—— optatus, 61, 87. prionurus, 138, 141. Cultrides, 190.
Cuncuma leucogaster, 83. cuneata, Stictopeleia, 78. Curlew, 173.
, Australian, 56, 73. ——, Sandpiper, 55, 71. Cyanaleyon pyrrhopyeius, 89. ceyaneus, Malurus, 98, 116. Cyanocorax, 187.
eyanoleuca, Grallina, 99, 116. cyanoleucus, Mastersornis, 94. cyanoptera, Loxia, 119. cyanopterus, Angroyan, 99, 116. eyanopus, Numenius, 56, 73. Cyanorhamphus auriceps, 61. malherbi, 61. novezelandie, 60, 109, 119. unicolor, 61.
ceyanotis, Gracula, 118.
, Entomyzon, 105, 116. evanura, Motacilla, 160. Cyclopsitta maccoyi, 10.
INDEX.
Cygnus, 113, 142, 192. bewicki, 179. eygnus, Anas, 113. Cymindis, 186.
Cypselus unicolor, 179. Cypsnagra, 187. Cyrtostomus frenatus, 102.
Dabchick, 58.
Dacelo leachi, 89. noveguinexe, 89, 112. dactylatra, Parasula, 53, 69. , sula, 113.
Dafila, 192.
acuta, 181. dannefordi, Nesomiro, 62. Darter, Australian, 53, 69. , Black-bellied, 180. Dasylophus, 190. Dasyptilus, 189.
dauma major, Turdus, 144.
daviesianus, Psittacus hematotus, 122. |
Demiegretta greyi, 81.
matook, 59, 81. Dendrobates, 189.
Dendrocygna javanica, 80. Dendrocygne, 192.
dentirostris, Scenopoeetes, 107.
, Scenopceus, 9.
Desert-Bird
deserti, Ginanthe, 159.
albifrons, (Enanthe, 159. atrogularis, Ginanthe, 160. deserti, Ginanthe, 159. desolatus, Heteroprion, 52, 68. Diamond Bird, 102.
Diaphorillas striata, 98.
textilis, 98.
Diaphoropterus leucopygius, 110. Dicruropsis bracteatus, 107. dieffenbachii, Nesolimnas, 57. diemenensis, Dromaius, 175. diemenianus, Casuarius, 174, 175. , Dromaius, 175.
, Peronista, 166, 175. dimidiata, Corethrura, 152. Diomedea chionoptera, 52, epomophora, 52. exulans, 52, 68. Diomedella cauta, 52, 68. Diplopterus, 199.
discolor, Huphema, 168.
, Lathamus, 84.
, Psittacus, 168. dissimilis, Psephotellus, 85. Ditelmatias hardwickii, 55, 71. Diver, Great Northern, 179.
68.
207
Dollar Bird, 89. dominicanus, Larus, 54. dominicus, Pluvialis, 56, 74. Donacola castaneothorax, 106. flaviprymna, 106. thorpei, 106.
dorothee, Magnamytis, 99. Dorothina albilineata, 104. fasciogularis, 104. frenata, 104.
lewini, 103.
versicolor, 104. virescens, 104. Dotterel, 56, 75.
, Black-fronted, 74. ——, Double-banded, 56, 74. ——, Hooded, 74.
——, Large Sand, 74.
——, Mongolian Sand, 74.
| ——, Oriental, 56, 74.
——, Red-capped, 56, 74. —-——, Red-kneed, 75. dougalli, Sterna, 70.
Dove, Barred-shouldered, 78. ———, Little Green, 78.
——, Spotted-shouldered, 78. , Zenaida, 179. Dromaius diemenensis, 175.
| —— diemenianus, 175.
novehollandizw gunni, 175. Dromas, 192.
Dromiceius novehollandixw, 66, 117. Dromolza cinerea, 144. Drongo, Spangled, 107.
dryas, Rhipidura, 9.
Drymodes brunneopygia, 95 —— superciliaris, 95. Dryocopus, 189. Dubbelschnepfe, 132.
Duck, Auckland Islands, 59.
, Black, 80.
| 2 Stree sdhs0:
—— _ Brown, 59.
| ——, Freckled, 80. | ——, Grey, 59. | ——, Mountain, 59, 80.
——, Musk, 80.
——., Paradise, 58.
——, Pink-eared, 80.
——, Pintail, 181.
——, Plumed Whistling, 80.
| ——, Ruddy Spinetailed, 181
——, Whistling, 58, 80.
——, White-eyed, 59, 80.
——_—sVWiood 80: Ducorpsius sanguineus, 86. Dulciornis alisteri, 96.
208 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD,
dumetorum, Motacilla, 133. Dupetor flavicollis, 81. Dyottornis, 169, 170. paradoxus, 105.
Hagle, Broad-tailed Mountain, 184.
—-, Hawk, 83.
——, Little, 83.
——, Wedge-tailed, 83. ——, Whistling, 83.
, White-bellied Sea, 83. Eelectus, 189.
Ectopistes, 191.
edwardi, Menura novehollandix, 168.
Egret, Lesser, 81.
, Pied, 81.
——-, Plumed, 81.
——-, White, 81.
Egretta alba modesta, 154. garzetta, 81.
Elanus, 186.
notatus, 82.
—--— scriptus, 82. Elasmonetta chlorotis, 59. elegans, Columba, 142.
. Corethrura, 152. ——, Cosmopelia, 78. ——, Leggeornis, 98. ——-. Neonanodes, 84. ——, Platycereus, 85, 116. Elseyornis melanops, 74. Emberiza, 188.
—— chrysocilla, 169.
—— chrysophrys, 160. compilator, 131. —— minuta, 160.
—— pusilla, 160.
—— rustica, 160.
—— spodocephala, 160. Emberizoides, 187. Emblema picta, 106. Embriza palustris, 131, 133. ——— palustris, 133.
Emu, 66, 121.
——, Dwarf, 66. Varennes Enicognathus, 189. Eniconetta, 192. Entomyzon cyanotis, 105, 116. enucleator, Strobilophaga, 181. Eolophus roseicapillus, 86. Kopsaltria australis, 93. —— griseogularis, 93, 147. Eos, 189.
Ephialtes, 186. Ephthianura albifrons, 96. —— crocea, 9.
epomophora, Diomedea, 52. Erana, 188.
Eremiornis carteri, 97. Hreunetes, 125, 129.
—— pusillus, 123. Erismatura, 193.
australis, 80.
rubida, 181.
erithica, Alcedo, 194.
Erolia, 125, 126.
alpina, 123.
ferruginea, 55, 71. Sinaia, 11233,
Eroliine, 123, 124, 125, 128. erythrocephala, Myzomela, 102. erythrocephalus, Picus, 181. Erythrodryas rodinogaster, SI. Erythrogonys cinctus, 75. Erythropitta macklotii, 90. erythrops, Climacteris, 101. erythropterus, Aprosmictus, 86. , Ptistes, 168.
erythrorhychnus, Larus, 135, 148.
Erythroscelis, 129. Erythrotriorchis racdiatus, 83. Erythura trichroa, 106. Ethelornis cairnsensis, 92. —— cantator, 92.
—— chloronotus, 92.
—— fuscus, 92.
—— levigaster, 92.
—— magnirostris, 92. —— mastersi, 92.
—— mouki, 92.
——— tenebrosus, 92. Kudynamis orientalis, 88. Eudynamys, 190. Kudyptes chrysocome, 146. — chrysolophus, 146. —— cristata, 146.
—-—— eristatus, 137. cristatus, 147. —— —_— filholi, 147. interjectus, 147. moseleyi, 147. ——— ——— gerresianus, 147.
—— pachyrhynchus, 50, 66, 146.
schlegeli, 50, 66, 111. —— sclateri, 50.
——— serresianus, 50, 66, 111, 137, 146.
Eudyptula albosignata, 49. —— minor, 49, 66. EHulabeornis castaneoventris, 76. Euphema, 188.
discolor, 168. Eupodella vereda, 56, 74. Eurhynchus, 142.
europea, Pyrrhula, 162.
, Riparia, 162. Eurostopus guttatus, 90. mystacalis, 90. Eurynorhynchus, 125, 129. pygmeus, 123. Eurystomus orientalis, 61, 89, 117. pacificus, 136, 151. Euspiza, 185.
Eutelipsitta chlorolepidota, 87. ewingii, Acanthiza, 112. Exealfactoria chinensis, 77. exilis, Cisticola, 96.
eximius, Platycercus, 85, 116. externa, Pterodroma, 51. exulans, Diomedea, 52, 68. Eyramitis goyderi, 99.
eytoni, Ctenanas, 58, 80.
faleinellus, Platyrhynchus, 71. , Plegadis, 60, 81. Falco, 186.
—- bonelli, 167. hypoleucus, 82. leucogaster, 136. longipennis, 82. palustris, 133.
Faleon, Black, 82.
, Black-echeeked, 82. ——, Grey, 82.
, Little, 82.
——, Pigeon, 180. Faleunculus frontatus, 100. leucogaster, 100. familiaris, Certhia, 180. Fantail, 93.
, Black, 63.
——, Black and White, 94, 112. ——, Northern, 94.
———, Pied, 63:
, Rufous, 93.
fasciata, Columba, 181.
, Rallina, 152.
, Urospiza, 83. fasciatus, Ramsayornis, 103. fascinans, Microeca, 91. fasciogularis, Dorothina, 104. featherstoni, Stictocarbo, 53. fera, Anas media, 133. ferina, Aythya, 167. Fern-Bird, 63.
, Chatham Islands, 63. ferruginea, Anas, 153.
——, Hrolia, 55, 71.
——, Lophophaps, 79. Ficaria flavescens, 162.
——- hippolais, 162.
INDEX. 209
Ficaria sylvicola, 162. Ficedula pinetorum, 162. —— salicum, 162.
sylvicola, 162. Field-Wren, 96.
, Little
, Striated, 96.
Fig-Bird, 95.
, Grey-throated, 95.
, Yellow-bellied, 95. ° filholi, Eudyptes cristatus, 147. fimbriata, Motacilla, 137, 143. fimbriatus, Callocorydon, 86. , Psittacus, 122.
Finch, Banded, 106.
——, Black-throated, 106. ———, Blue-faced, 106.
——., Chestnut-breasted, 106. ——~, Chestnut-eared, 106. ——, Crimson, 107.
——, Dun, 106.
——, Fire-tailed, 106.
——, Gouldian, 106.
——, Long-tailed, 106. ——, Masked, 107.
——., Painted, 106.
——, Plum-headed, 106. ——-, Red-browed, 106. ——, Red-eared, 106.
———, Red-faced, 106.
—_—, Spotted-sided, 106. ——-, Temporal, 119.
—-, White-bellied Crimson, 107. —.—, White-breasted, 106. ——, White-headed, 119: ~——, Yellow-rumped, 106. Hinfoot, African, 174.
——, American, 174.
Finke gemeine, 132. Winschia noveseelandix, 63. flabellifera, Rhipidura, 63, 93. Flamingo, Red, 181. flammea, Strix, 180.
flava, Broadbentia, 104.
-, Budytes, 105. flaveolus, Platycercus, 85. flaveseens, Ficaria, 162.
, Ptilotala, 104.
, Sylvia, 162.
flavicollis, Dupetor, 81. ——, Fringilla, 148.
, Nesoptilotis, 104. flavigaster, Kempia, 91. flavigula, Myzantha, 105. flavipes, Platibis, 82.
——., Tringa, 123. flaviprymna, Donacola, 106.
210 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.
flaviventer, Macherirhynchus, 94.
, Xanthotis, 105. flaviventris, Acanthiza, 112. , Sphecotheres, 95. flavocincta, Mimeta, 107. flavostriata, Ptilotis; 10. Fliegenschnapper grosse, 132. floccosus, Pycnoptilus, 95. Flock-Pigeon, 78. Flowerpecker, 101. fluminea, Porzana, 76. Flycatcher, Black-breasted, 94. , Black-faced, 94. ——, Broad-billed, 94.
— —, Brown, 91.
— —, Brown-tailed, 91. — ., Frill-necked, 94. —-, Leaden, 94.
——, Lemon-breasted, 91. ——, Red-bellied, 119. ——, Restless, 94.
——, Satin, 94.
——., Shining, 94.
, Spectacled, 94. ——, White-eared, 94. Flyeater, 92, 109, 110.
, Allied, 92.
———, Black-throated, 92. ——, Brown, 92.
——, Buff-breasted, 92. ——, Dusky, 92.
——, Green-backed, 92. ——, Gulf, 92.
——, Large-billed, 92. ——, Queensland, 92. ——,, Singing, 92.
, White-throated, 92. forcipata, Columba, 149.
, Larus, 149. - forsteri, Pachyptila, 166. francica, Zoonava, 90.
franklinii, Chroicocephalus, 156.
, Larus, 156. Fratercula, 193.
Fregata ariel, 53, 68. minor, 52, 68. Fregetta tropica, 50, 67. tubulata, 67. Fregettornis alisteri, 108. grallarius, 108. insularis, 108. royanus, 108. frenata, Dorothina, 104.
, Ptilotis, 10. frenatus, Cyrtostomus, 102. freycinet, Megapodius, 166. Friar-Bird, 105.
Friar-Bird, Helmeted, 105. , silver-crowned, 105. , Yellow-throated, 105. Frigate-Bird, 52, 68.
, Lesser, 53, 68. Fringilla, 187.
anceps, 132. canariensis, 152. eardinalis, 133.
——- ceelebs canariensis, 152. tintillon, 152. —— flavicollis, 148.
fusea, 152.
——- leucocephala, 119. —— pumila, 132. subeana, 132. temporalis, 119. textrix, 141.
— vulgaris, 132. xanthocollis, 148. Fringillaria, 188. fringillaria, Alauda, 158.
, Calandrella, 158. Frogmouth, 88.
, Large, 88.
——., Marbled, 88.
, Plumed, 88. frontalis, Anarhynchus, 56. , sericornis, 97. frontatus, Falecunculus, 100. , Lanius, 117. fuciphaga, Zoonava, 90. Fulica atra, 57, 76.
fusea, 134. rubiginosa, 134. variegata, 134. fulicarius, Phalaropus, 56. fuliginosa, Coronica, 170.
, Hemichelidon, 144. ——, Muscicapa, 144. ——, sibirica, 144. ——, Rhipidura, 63.
, Strepera, 100. fuliginosus, Calamanthus, 96. , Planesticus, 110. Fuligula, 192. noveeseelandix, 59. funerea, Surnia, 180,
, Zanda, 86, 116. fusea, Fulica, 134.
, Motacilla, 132.
——.,, Fringilla, 152.
—., Paraptilotis, 103. —-, Pheebetria, 52, 68.
, Querquedula, 162. fuseatus, Larus, 149, 150. ——, Onychoprion, 54, 76.
INDEX.
fuscescens, Hypoleucus, 69. fuscus, Aplonis, 109. 110.
, Caturatis, 162.
——, Ethelornis, 92.
, Larus, 162.
——,, Microptilotis, 103.
Gabianus pacificus, 71. Galah, 86.
galbula, Oriolus, 180. galerita, Kakatoé 86. galinella, Zaporina, 162. gallapagina, Columba, 149. gallapaginus, Columba, 149. gallapogoensis, Columbi-gallina, 149. gallinacea, Irediparra, 75. Gallinagine, 125.
Gallinago, 125, 128, 129, 131. ceelestis 130. gigantea, 129. imperialis, 128. stricklandi, 128. gallinago, Capella, 131. Gallinula tenebrosa, 76. gallinula, Lymnocryptes, 153, 154. Gallinule, White, 109. Gallirallus australis, 57. brachyterus, 57. hectori,* 57. Gampsonyx, 186. Gang-gang, 86.
Gannet, 54, 69.
, Brown, 53, 69.
——, Masked, 53, 69.
, Red-legged, 69. Garganey-Teal, 80. Garrodia nereis, 50. garrula, Myzantha, 169. Garrulus, 187.
eristatus, 179. garrulus, Ampelis, 180. garzetta, Egretta, 81. Gecinus, 189.
gelastes, Larus, 157. Gelochelidon nilotica, 70. genei, Larus, 157. Geobasileus chrysorrhous, 97. alexanderi, 137. hedleyi, 97. reeuloides, 97. Geocichla major, 144. Geococcyx, 190.
geoffroyi, Geoffroyus, 86. Geoffroyus geoffroyi, 86. Geopelia, 191.
placida, 78.
Geophaps scripta, 78.
Geophaps smithi, 78. Geopsittacus occidentalis, 84. georgianus, Quoyornis, 93. Geospiza, 187.
Gerygone olivacea, 92. gibberifrons, Virago, 59, 80. gigantea, Gallinago, 129. giganteus, Macronectes, 52, 68. Gilbertornis inornatus, 93. rufogularis, 93. gilviventris, Xenicus, 62. glacialis, Colymbus, 179. glandaria minor, Pica, 133.
| Glareola maldivarum, 75.
glareola, Rhyacophilus, 72, 123. glaucodes, Larus,-156. glaucoides, Larus, 155, 156. glaucus, Caturates, 162.
, Larus, 155.
| Gliciphila melanops, 103.
Globicera pacifica, 79. rubricera, 79. Glossopsitta concinna, 87, 116. porphryrocephala, 87. pusilla, 87.
Glottis, 125, 129.
—- nebularius, 55, 72. Glychicheera claudi, 103. Glyciphila subfasciata, 10. Gnat-Catcher, Yellow-tailed, 179. godmanze, Raperia, 109. Godwit, 55, 72, 173.
———, American, 55.
——., Barred-rumped, 72.
, Black-tailed, 73. goodenovii, Whiteornis, 91. Goose, Cape Barren, 79.
, Laughing, 181.
, Pied, 79.
| Goose-Crane, Australian, 184.
Goose-Teal, Green, 79.
, White-quilled, 79. Goshawk, 83.
, Grey, 83.
——., Red, 83.
, White, 83.
gouldi, Circus juxta, 167. , Sterna, 135, 152.
, Zosterops, 101. gouldiz, Poéphila, 106. goyderi, Amytis, 9.
, Cyramitis, 99. gracilis, Microptilotis, 103. Gracula cyanotis, 118. melanocephala, 117.
| —— picata, 118.
graculina, Strepera, 100.
211
212 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.
Grakle, Black-headed, 117.
, Blue-eared, 118.
——., Pied, 118.
, Purple, 181.
grallarius, Fregettornis, 108. Grallina cyanoleuca, 99, 116. gramineus, Poodytes, 96.
—— milligani, Poodytes, 137. Grantiella picta, 103. Grasemiicke, Braungefleckle, 132. gemeine, 132.
—— Graue, 132.
——, Kleine graue, 132.
——, Schwarzliche, 132. Grass-Bird, 96.
, Tawny, 96.
—— Warbler, 96.
Graucalus hypoleucus, 94.
—— novehollandie, 94.
——— robustus, 63, 94, 116. Graufink, 132.
Graumaise, 132.
grayi, Anthus, 150.
Grebe, Black-throated, 76.
, Great Crested, 58, 76. —+—, Hoary-headed, 76.
——, Tippet, 76.
Greenshank, 55, 72, 173.
, Little, 72.
greyi, Demiegretta, 81. griseiceps, Mattingleya, 93. eriseogularis, Kopsaltria, 93, 147. griseus, Neonectris, 51, 67. trosbeak, Blue-winged, 117, 119. , Rose-breasted, 179. Ground-Bird, Black-breasted, 95. , Chestnut-backed, 95. ——— ———,, Cinnamon, 95.
——, Spotted, 95. Ground-Dove, 78.
Ground Thrush, 96.
Wren, 95.
, Western, 95.
Grouse, Canada, 179. Grypaétus, 142.
Gryphus, 142, 143. Gubernatrix, 188.
Guiraca, 187.
ludoviciana, 179.
cularis, Melithreptus, 102.
, Merops, 193.
Gull, Black-backed, 54.
, Black-billed, 55. ACC mile
——, Red-billed, 54, 71.
, Silver, 71.
gunni, Dromaius novehollandixe, 175.
guttata, Tavistocka, 106, 116. guttatus, Earostopus, 90. gutturalis, Oreoica, 100, 112. =, Oreoscopus, 98. Gygisterna sumatrana, 70. gymnopis, Cacatua, 10. Gymnorhina, 187.
hypoleuca, 100.
tibicen, 100.
Gypaétus, 185.
Gypohierax, 185. Gypoictinia melanosterna, 82. — montana, 167.
Gyps, 185.
haasti, Apteryx, 58. Habiastur, 185. habroptilus, Strigops, 60. hemastica, Vetola, 55. hematogaster, Northiella, 85, 168. narethae, Northiella, 168. hematonotus, Psephotus, 85, Hematopus niger, 111.
ostralegus, 56, 74.
unicolor, 56, 74, 111. hematopus, Trichoglossus, 167. hematorrhous, Northiella, 168. hematotus daviesianus, Psittacus, 122. Halhaétus, 185.
—— lecocephalus, 179.
haliaetus, Pandion, 83, 136. Haliastur indus, 83.
- sphenurus, 83.
Hallornis leuconotus, 98. Halobcena cerulea, 51, 68. hamatodus, Trichoglossus, 167. Hamirostra, 183, 185. melanosterna, 167. melanosterna, 167. -montana, 167. montana, 167, 184. hardwicki, Ditelmatias, 55, 71. harmonica, Colluricincla, 99. Harpagus, 186.
Hapolorhynchus albofrontatus, 83. Harelda, 192.
Harpyia, 185.
Harrier, 60, 83.
, Spotted, 83.
Harrisornis lathamus, 86, 167. Harriwhitea alberti, 90.
Hawk, Brown, 82.
, Bush, 60.
——, Crested, 82.
-, Quail, 60.
Heckenspringer, 133. _....17, hectori, Gallirallus, 57 —
INDEX. 213
hedleyi, Geobasileus, 97. Heerschnepfe, 133.
heinei, Calandrella rufescens, 159. Heliornis senegalensis, 175. Helodromas, 125, 129. Helotarsus, 185.
Hemicercus, 189. Hemichelidon fuliginosa, 144. Hemilophus, 189. Hemipalma multistriata, 181. Hemiphaga chathamensis, 58. noveeseelandizw, 58, 110. Hemiptilotis cockerelli, 104. Hemipuffinus carneipes, 51, 67. Heron, Blue, 59.
: Reef, 81.
——, Great-billed, 80.
——, Great White, 59.
——., Grey, 59.
——., Night, 59, 81.
——, White-fronted, 59, 81. ——, White-necked, 81. ———, White Reef, 81. Heteractitis, 113, 125, 129. brevipes, 72, 112. ineanus, 55, 72, 112. Heteralocha acutirostris, 64. Heteromunia pectoralis, 106. Heteromyias cimereifrons, 9. Heteroprion belcheri, 51, 68. desolatus, 52, 68. Heteropygia, 129. acuminata, 123. Heteroscelis, 113. Heteroscelus, 113, 124, 125. Heteroscenes pallidus, 87. Hieraaetus pennatus, 85. Hieracoglaux connivens, 83. Himantopus leucocephalus, 56, 73. novezealandie, 56. himantopus, Micropalama, 123. Hippolais celebs, 131. icterina, 131.
‘hippolais, Ficaria, 162.
, Sylvia, 162, 163. Hirundapus, 138. caudacutus, 62, 90. hirundinaceum, Austrodiceum, 101. Hirundolanius eceruleus, 151. Hirundo caudacuta, 138. clivicola, 162.
neoxena, 91.
riparia, 162.
rufa, 180.
——Irustica, Oils Hirundolanius ceruleus, 136. histrionica, F ‘~ophaps, 78.
| Histriophaps histrionica, 78. | hochstetteri, Manteliornis,
OE hollandicus, Leptolophus, 86. Holztaube, 133. Homoscolopax, 128. Honey-eater, Banded, 102.
, Black, 102:
—_—, Black-chinned, 102. ——, Black-headed, 102. ——, Blue-faced, 105.
——, Bridled, 104.
—, Brown-backed, 103. ——., Brown-headed, 102. ——-, Crescent, 105.
——__— 7 DuskayamlO28
———, Fasciated, 104.
——, Fuscous, 103.
———, Great Hooked-billed, 174. —-, Green, 103.
——, Grey-headed, 104. ———’ Helmeted 04.»
——, Inconspicuous, 1038. ——, Least, 103.
—-——, Little, Yellow-spotted, 103. ——, Painted, 103.
——, Pied, 103.
——— Poe 742
——, Red-headed, 102.
——, Red-throated, 103. ——, Regent, 103.
—-—, Rufous-breasted, 103. ——, Sanguineous, 102. —, Singing, 104.
——, Spiny-cheeked, 105. ——, Streaked-naped, 105. .' ——, Striped, 102.
——, Strong-billed, 102. —— , Tawny-fronted, 103. ——., Varied, 104.
———, Wattled-cheeked, 104. ——, White-bearded, 105. ——, White-breasted, 103. ———, White-cheeked, 105. ——, White-eared, 104. ——, White-fronted, 103.
= , White-gaped, 104. ——, White-lined, 104.
——, White-naped, 102. ——, White-plumed, 104.
| ———, White-streaked, 104. | ———, Yellow, 104.
——., Yellow-eared, 103.
——, Yellow-faced, 103.
- , Yellow-fronted, 104.
—-—, Yellow-plumed, 104. , Yellow-spotted, 103. -, Yellow-streaked, 104.
214 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.
Honey-eater, Yellow-throated, 104.
, Yellow-tinted, 104.
, Yellow-tufted, 104. Hoplopterus spinosus, 151. horsfieldi, Oreocinela, 145.
, Turdus, 144. Howeavis rufifrons, 93. hrota, Anas, 155.
, Bernicla, 155.
Huia, 64.
humeralis, Chrysachoena, 78. humilis, Tasmanornis, 98. Humming-bird, Harliquin, 193. , Least, 193.
——., Red-throated, 193. ——, Stripe-cheeked, 193.
, Topaz-throated, 193. Hydrochelidon plumbea, 181. Hydroprogne, 112.
caspia, 54, 70. Hylacola cauta, 95. pyrrhopygia, 95. Hylochelidon nigricans, 62, 91. Hymenolaimus, 192. malacorhynchus, 59. hyperboreus, Larus, 155. hypoleuca, Gymnorhina, 100. hypoleucos, 'Tringoides, 123. Hypoleucus campbell, 53, earunculatus, 53. chaleonotus, 53. fuseescens, 69.
perthi, 69, 111.
varius, 53, 111. hypoleucus, Actitis, 72.
, Falco, 82.
, Graucalus, 94.
Hypotenidia philippensis, 57, 75.
Hypotriorchis, 186. columbarius, 180. Hypurolepis javanica, 91.
Ibis, Glossy, 60, 81.
-, Straw-necked, 81. —,, White, 82.
, Wood, 181]. Ibycter, 185.
icterina, Hippolais, 131. icterotis, Platycercus, 85. Ictinia, 186.
Teracidea, 186.
—-— berigora, 82, 116. Terax, 186.
igata, Maorigerygone, 62 Tliornis stagnatilis, 72. imperialis, Gallinago, 128. ——, Paradisea, 137, 142.
| interjectus, Kudyptes cristatus, 147.
ineanus, Heteractitis, 55, 72, 112. Indicator, 190.
indistincta, Stigmatops, 103. indus, Halastur, 83. inexpectata, Pterodroma, 51, 67. inexpectatus, Circus juxta, 167. irornata, Acanthiza, 97. inornatus, Gilbertornis, 93. inquieta, Seisura, 94.
insularis, Fregettornis, 108. ——, Royigerygone, 109.
intermedia, Mesophoyx, 81. interpres, Arenaria, 56, 74.
| iredalei, Acanthiza, 97.
Iredaleornis cinereifrons, 92. Irediparra gallinacea, 75.
iris, Puchripitta, 91.
isabella, Stiltia, 57, 75. Ischnosceles, 186.
islandicus, Larus, 156.
ispida, Alcedo, 194.
isura, Lophoictinia, 82. Ixobrychus minutus, 59, 81, 116.
Jabiru, S81. Australian, 121, 194. jamesom, Larus, 27.
| jardinil, Saxicola, 136.
javanica, Dendrocygna, 80.
, Hypurolepis, 91.
, Mirafra, 106. nigrescens, Mirafra, 137. soderbergi, Mirafra, 137. Jay, Blue, 179.
| jubata, Chenonetta, 80, 116.
Jumper, Grey, 108.
juxta, Circus, 167.
gouidi, Circus, 167. inexpectatus, Circus, 167. juxta, Circus, 167,
Kaka, 61.
Long-billed, 110. Kakapo, 60.
Kakatoe galerita, 86. Karua leucomela, 95. kaupi, Ophryzone, 94. Kea, 61.
keartlandi, Sacramela, 104.
| kempi, Kempiella, 93.
Kempia flavigaster, 91. Kempiella kempi, 93. keraudrenil, Phonygammus, 108.
_ Kestrel, Nankeen, 60, 82.
Ketupa, 186. Kingfisher, 61.
INDEX. ne 215
Kingfisher Azure, 120. | Lark, Bush, 106. Black-capped, 194. | , Ground, 64.
—— Blue, 89. | , Meadow, 180. — Blue-winged, 89. ——., Rufous Song, 96. Common, 194. , Shore, 181.
—— Ione, i). Laroides major, 157. —— Green-headed, 194. Larus argentatus, 158. Little, 89. | —-— australis, 135, 152. -——— Mangrove, 89. | —— canus major, 157. —— Minute, 194. : —— cinereus, 162.
—— Red-backed, 89. dominicanus, 54. — Red-headed, 194. erythrorhynchus, 135, 148. Sacred, 89. —— forcipata, 149.
— Ultramarine, 194. — —— franklini, 156.
—— White-tailed, 89. fucatus, 150.
—— Yellow-billed, 89. fureatus, 149. Wood, 89. fuseus, 162. King-Quail, 77. gelastes, 157. Kinglet, American, 179. genei, 157.
Kite, Black-shouldered, 82. glaucodes, 156. .
, Allied, 82. glaucoides, 155, 156.
——, Letter-winged, 82. | —— glaucus, 155.
, Square-tailed, 82. | hyperboreus, 155, Kiwi, 58. islandicus, 156. —— Great Grey, 58. | jamesoni, 27.
Little Grey, 58. —— leucocephalus, 157. Knot, 55, 71. | leucopterus, 155, 156.
xreat, 71. | —— marinus, 162. Koel, 88. a | ——— maximus, 162.
| novehollandie, 148, | ——— pipixean, 156.
Long-tailed, 110. Kookaburra, 89, 112. | Kurukuru taitensis, 149. | tereticollis, 150. kukunoorensis, Calandrella rufescens, | tenuirostris, 157.
159. | lateralis, Zosterops, 63, 101. lathami, Alectura, 77. , Harrisornis, 167.
Lacustroica whitei, 103.
letior, Melithreptus, 10. . | ——, Neosericornis, 97. Lagenoplastes ariel, 91. | Lathamus discolor, 84. Lagopus, 191. | lathamus, Harrisornis, 86. Laimodon, 189. | lawsonii, Columba, 142. Lalage tricolor, 95. | Lazulena macleayii, 89. lamberti, Leggeornis, 98. | leachi, Dacelo, 89. lambruschinii, Xema, 157. | leachii, Thalassidroma, 181.
leadbeateri, Lophochroa, 86. , Lophoptilotis, 104. ——, Opopsitta, 87. lecocephalus, Haliaétus, 179.
Lamprococcyx lucidus, 61, 88. minutillus, 88.
—— plagosus, 88.
russatus, 88.
Lamprotes, 187. Leek, Green, 86. lanceolatus, Plectorhamphus, 102. Leggeornis amabilis, 98. Land Rail, 76. —— elegans, 98. lanioides, Alisterornis, 93. | ——— Jamiberti,,.98: Lanius borealis, 180. —— pulcherrimus, 98. a ronuabusn lve | Leipoa ocellata, 77.
minor rutilus, 133. | Leptolophus hollandicus, 86. lapponica, Vetola, 55, 72. Leptophaéthon lepturus, 69. lapponicus, Plectrophanes, 179. lepturus, Leptophaethon, 69,
Lark, Brown Song, 96. leschenaulti, Pagoa, 74.
216
lessoni, A’strelata, 51, 67.
Lestris parasiticus, 166. Leucanous albus, 54, 110. leucocephala, Fringilla, 119.
, Neositta, 101. leucocephalus, Cladorhynchus, 73. , Himantopus, 56, 73.
———— Warus) ioe
———, Pandion, 136.
Leucocirea leucophrys, 94, 112, 116. leucogaster, Cuncuma, 83.
, Falco, 136.
——, Faleunculus, 100.
—, Pontoztus, 136, 147.
= HOUlavoo moo:
leucomela, Karua, 95. Leucomelcena norfolciensis, 78. Leuconerpes, 190.
leuconotus, Hallornis, 98. leucopareia, Chlidonias, 70.
leucophea, Calandrella rufescens, 159.
, Climacteris, 101.
—-, Crocethia, 72, 113. leucophrys, Leucocirea, 94, 112, 116. , Turdus, 120. Leucopolius ruficapillus, 56, 74. leucops, Tegellasia, 93. Leucopsis, 142, 143.
leucopsis, Aphelocephala, 100. , Branta, 155.
leucoptera, Alauda, 158.
, Chlidonias, 54, 70.
——, Melanocorypha, 158. leucopterus, Larus, 155, 156.
, Nesomalurus, 98. leucopygius, Diaphoropterus, 110. leucorynchus, Artamus, 99. Leucosarcia melanoleuca, 79. Leucospiza novehollandie, 83. —— rail, 83.
leucosternum, Cheramcca, 91. leucotis, Carterornis, 94.
, Nesoptilotis, 104, 116. oes Me Os Leucotreron alligator, 79. leucura, Penecenanthe, 93. levigaster, Ethelornis, 92. lewinil, Dorothina, 103. Lewinornis rufiventris, 93. Lichenostomus ecratitius, 104. Licmetis, 189.
—— tenuirostris, 86. Limicola, 129.
Limnocinelus, 129.
——- acuminatus, 55, 72. Limnocryptes, 129. Limnodromus, 124, 125, 129.
THE AUSTRAL
AVIAN RECORD.
Limonites, 129.
Limosa, 124, 125, 128, 129. limosa, 73.
Linaria saxatilis, 133. lineata, Acanthiza, 97.
, Pealea, 50. ‘ lineatus, Paragraucalus, 94. Littlera chrysoptera, 91. lobata, Biziura, 80. Lobibyx miles, 74. novehollandie, 57,74. loculator, Tantalus, 181.
| locustella, Salicaria, 162.
, Sylvia, 162. Logrunner, 95.
, Black-headed, 95. lonvicauda, Batramia, 72. longicaudatus, Parus, 133. longimembris, Tyto, 84. longipennis, Falco, 82. longipes, Xenicus, 62. lonnbergi, Catharacta, 55, 71. Lophastur subcristatus, 82. Lophochroa leadbeateri, 86. Lophocitta, 187. Lophoictinia isura, 82. Lopholaimus, 191.
——— antarcticus, 79. Lophophaps ferruginea, 79. plumifera, 78. Lophoptilotis leadbeateri, 104. melanops, 116, 104. lophotes, Ocyphaps, 79. lorealis, Proseisura, 94. Lorikeet, Blue-bellied, 87.
, Little, 87.
eee Maske
——, Purple-crowned, 87. ——, Red-collared, 87. —_—, Sealy-breasted, 87. ——, Varied, 87.
Lorilet, Blue-faced, 87.
, Red-faced, 87.
Lorius, 189.
pectoralis, 86.
Lotus- Bird, 75.
lovensis, Ashbyia, 96.
Loxia, 188.
—— americana, IS].
—-—- cyanoptera, 119. lucidus, Lamprococcyx, 61, 8S. Judoviciana, Guiraca, 179.
, Sturnella, 180. lugubris, Motacilla, 132, 140, 143. lunulata, Anthochera, 147.
, Oreocincla, 96. lunulatus, Melithreptus, 102.
INDEX. 21
lutea, Zosterops, 101.
lyalli, Traversia, 62. Lymnocryptes gallinula, 153, 154. —— minima, 154.
Lyre-Bird, 90, 121.
-, Northern, 90.
maccormicki, Catharacta, 55. maccoyii, Cyclopsitta, 10. Maccoyornis broadhbenti, 98. macei, Pontoaetus, 167. Macheerirhynchus flaviventer, 94. Machetes, 125.
—-— pugnax, 123.
macklotiu, Erythropitta, 90. macleayana, Caloptilotis, 104. macleayii, Lazulena, 89. Maclennania mathewsi 96. Macreuse, 142, 123. macrocephala, Myiomoira, 62. Macronectes giganteus, 52, 68. Macronyx, 188.
macroptera, Pterodroma, 51, 67. Macropygia, 191.
phasianella, 78. Macrorhamphus, 125, 129. Macrorthonyx, spaldingi, 95. macrurus, Rossornis, 90. macularius, Tringoides, 123. maculata, Chlamydera, 107. maculatus, Orthonyx, 95. ——-, Sericornis, 97. maculosa, Turnix, 77. maculosus, Ailureedus, 9. Magnamytis dorothex, 99.
—- woodwardi, 99. magnifica, Craspedophora, 108. ——, Megaloprepia, 79. magnirostris, Burhinus, 71. ——, Ethelornis, 92.
——, Orthorhamphus, 71. ———, Sericornis, 97.
magnus, Acanthornis, 98. Magpie, Black-backed, 109. Magpie-Lark, 99.
——, White-backed, 100. major, Geocichla, 144.
—__-, Laroides, 157.
——, Pheenicopterus, 154. —---, Picus, 193.
—-—, Trochilus, 162.
——. Turdus, 144.
—-—, —— dauma, 144.
malachurus, Stipiturus, 98, 137, 143.
Malacorhynchus, 192. —— membranaceus, 80. malcorhynchus, Hymenolaimus, 59,
~I
maldivarum, Glareola, 75. malherbi, Cyanorhamphus, 61. malimbicus, Merops, 193. Malimbus, 141. Mallee-Fowl, 77. Malurus cyaneus, 98, 116. ——— melanotus, 98. —— splendens, 98. Manakin, Speckled, 119. Manorhina melanophrys, 105. Mantellornis hochstetteri, 57. Manucode, 108. Maorgigerygone igata, 62. Mareca, 192. Marianornis varius, 77. marina, Pelagodroma, 50, 66. marinus, Larus, 162. maritima, Arquatella, 123. Martin, Fairy, 91. — , Tree-, 91. 4 martinica, Porphrio, 180. Martinico Sultana, 180. mastersi, Ethelornis, 92. Mastersornis cyanoleucus, 0+. —— rubecula, 94. —— ruficollis, 94. Mathewsena rubicunda, 75. mathewsi, Maclennania, 96. matook, Demiegretta, 59, 81. Mattingleya griseiceps, 93. maxima, Pteropodocys, 94. maximus, Caturates, 162. ————, arise l62): Meadow-Lark, 180. media, Motacilla, 132. , Scolopax, 132. —— fera, Anas, 133: meclius, Trochilus, 162. Megadyptes antipodes, 50. megala, Subspilura, 71. Megalaima, 189. Megalophonus, 188. Megaloprepia magnifica, 97. Megalopterus minutus, 54, 70. —— tenuirostris, 70. Megalorhynchus, 189. Megalurus striatus, 137. Megapodius freycinet, 166. — renwardt, 77, 366. —~— tumulator, 166. - tumulifieus, 166. — tumulorum, 166. —— tumulus, 166. Megapodargus papuensis, 88. megarhyncha, Caleyva, 99. Megastrix tenebricosa, 84. Meiglyptes, 190.
218
Melanerpes, 190.
melanocephala, Gracula, 117.
, Myzantha, 105, 116, 145.
, Ryania, 98. melanocephalus, Pardalotinus, 102. Melanocorypha, 188.
—— leucoptera, 158.
sibirica, 158.
Melanodryas cucullata, 92, 136. melanogaster, Colcloughia, 77. = Oca, 120),
melanoleuea, Leucosarcia, 79. melanoleucus, Microcarbo, 69. melanotus, Ailurcedus, 107.
, Malurus, 98.
melanophris, Thalassarche, 52, 68. melanophrys, Manorina, 105. melanops, Elseyornis, 74.
, Gliciphila, 108.
, Lophoptilotis, 104, 116.
, Turdus, 120.
melanopsis, Monarcha, 94. melanoptera, Strepera, 100. melanopus, Pterodroma, 67, 108. melanorhamphus, Corcorax, 108. melanorhyncha, Bruchigavia, 55. melanorhynchos, Platalea, 135, sys, Melanosterna anzethetus, 70. melanosterna, Gypoictinia, 82. ———, Hamirostra, 167.
montana, Hamirostra, 167. melanosternon, Buteo, 167. melanosternum, Buteo, 184. melanota, Whitlocka, 101. melanotus, Porphyrio, 76. melanoxantha, Tanagra, 141. melanura, Anthornis, 63.
, Pachycephala, 93. ———, Whitlocka, 101. Meherax, 186.
Meliornis novehollandize, 105. Melithreptus affinis, 102. atricapillus, 102. gularis, 102.
== Ike, IO).
—- lunatus, 102. validirostris, 102. mellori, Conopoderas australis, 136. Melloria quoyi, 100. Melomyza obscura, 102. Melopsittacus, 188. undulatus, 84.
membranaceus, Malacorhynchus, 80.
mentalis, Bulestes, 100. Menura novehollandia, 90. ——- edwardi, 168.
melanosterna, Hamirostra, 167.
THE AUSTRAL-AVIAN RECORD.
Merganetta, 193.
Merganser, Auckland Islands; 59. , Great, 180.
Mergellus, 193.
Mergulus, 193.
Mergus, 193.
Castor els: meridionalis, Nestor, 61. Merops albifrons, 118, 137, 145. apiaster, 193.
— carunculatus, 169, 170. —— ceeruleocephala, 193. — cucullatus, 118.
— gularis, 193.
——- malimbicus, 193.
——— ornatus, 118.
Merula torquata orientalis, 144. Mesocarbo ater, 53, 69. Mesophoyx intermedia, 81. Mesoscolopax minutus, 55, 73. Metagraucalus tenuirostris, 95. metallicus, Metallopsar, 107. Metallopsar metallicus, 107. Micraleyone pusilla, 89. Micrartamus minor, 99. Miecrastur, 186.
Microecarbo brevirostris, 53. melanoleucus, 69. Micreeea assimilis, 9. brunneicauda, 91. fascinans, 91. Microglossum, 189. Micropalama, 125, 129. himantopus, 123. Microphilemon orientalis, 105. Micropodargus ocellatus, 88. plumiferus, 88. Micropterus, 192. Microptilotis fuscus, 103. —— gracilis, 103.
Micropus pacificus, 62, 90.
| Microtribonyx ventralis, 76.
migrans, Milvus, 82.
miles, Lobibyx, 74. milligani, Poodytes gramineus, 137. Milligania robustirostris, 97. Milvago, 185.
Milvus, 186.
migrans, 82.
Mimeta flavocineta, 197. —-— sagittata, 107.
Minah, Bell, 105.
, Black-headed, 105.
, Yellow-throated, 105. minima, Lymnocryptes, 154. ——., Scolopax, 153.
| minimus, Picus, 193.
minimus, Sericornis, 9.
, Trochilus, 193.
minor, Calandrella rufescens, 159. , Calandritis, 159.
——, Eudyptula, 49, 66. ——., Fregata, 52, 68.
——., Micrartamus, 99.
——, Motacilla, 132.
——., Scolopax, 181.
——, Trochilus, 162.
- rufescens, Calandrella, 159. ——— rutilus, Lanius, 133. minuta, Emberiza, 160.
, Hrolia, 123.
, Zaporina, 135, 162. minutillus, Lamprococcyx, 88. minutus, [xobrychus, 59, 81, 116. ———, Megalopterus, 54, 70.
, Mesoscolopax, 55, 73. Mirafra, 188.
javanica, 106. nigrescens, 137. sdderbergi, 137. Miro australis, 62.
Mistletoe Bird, 101.
modesta, Aidemosyne, 106.
, Egretta alba, 154.
, Royigerygone, 110. modestus, Cabalus, 57.
, Ramsayornis, 103. Mohoua ochrocephala, 63. mollis, Pterodroma, 67. Mollymawk, Black-browed, 52, 68. , Bounty Island, 52, 68. ——, Flat-billed, 52, 68. ——, Snares Island, 52.
, Yellow-nosed, 52, 68. molucea, Threskiornis, 82. moluccanus, Amaurornis, 76.
, Trichoglossus, 87, 116, 167. Monarcha melanopsis, 94. mongolus, Cirrepidesmus, 74. Monk, 85.
montana, Gypoictinia, 167.
. Hamirostra, 167, 184. montanus, Turdus, 132. Monticola saxatilis, 164. monticola, Petroica, 148. Moorhen, Black, 76.
, Rufous-tailed, 76.
Moos Kolbe, 133.
Morepork, 60.
Morganornis ruficeps, 96. superciliosus, 96. morinellus, Cinclus, 181. Moris, 113.
Morphnus, 185.
INDEX.
219
mortierii, Tribonyx, 76. Morus, 113. ?
moseleyi, Eudyptes cristatus, 147. Motacilla alba yarrellia, 132. —— yarrelli, 140. altera, 132.
cceelebs, 131, 133. cyanura, 160. dumetorum, 133. fimbriata, 137, 143. fusea, 132.
lugubris, 132, 140, 143. media, 132.
minor, 132.
nigricans, 132.
palustris, 163.
tractrac, 144.
variegata, 132.
varigata, 132. staperola, 132. - mouki, Ethelornis, 92. muelleri, Rallus, 57. multicolor, Petroica, 91, 116. —_—— ._ Prochilus, 193: multistriata, Hemipalma, 181. muralis, Ruficilla, 163. Muscicapa fuliginosa, 144. —— plumbea, 140.
——— Pulleys
sibirica fuliginosa, 144. Muscitrea simplex, 93.
Mutton Bird, 51.
Mycteria australis, 194. Myiomoira macrocephala, 62. ——— {Olvolneoes
Myola pacifica, 81. Myristicivora bicolor, 79. mystacalis, Eurostopus, 90. Myzantha, 137.
flavigula, 105.
garrula, 169. melanocephala, 105, 116, 145. Myzomela erythrocephala, 102. sanguineolenta, 102, 116.
san
WL
nevius, Caturatis, 162.
nevosa, Stictonetta, 80.
nana, Acanthiza, 97.
narethe, Northiella hematogaster, 168. , Psephotus, 168.
Nasiterna, 189.
Native-Companion, 75.
Hen, 76.
| Nauclerus, 186. | nebui, Columba, 149. nebularia, Tringa, 123.
bo
nebularius, Glottis, 55, 7
220
neglecta, Pterodroma, 51, 109. Neochmia albiventer, 107. pheton, 107.
——- picumna, 101]. Neonanodes chrysogaster, 84. - chrysostomus, 84.
—— elegans, 84.
—— petrophilus, 84. Neonectris griseus, 51, 67. —— tenuirostris, 51, 67. Neophema pulchella, 84, 116. splendida, 84. Neophron, 185.
Neopoéphila personata, 107. Neopsephotus bourki, 85. Neosericornis lathami, 97. Neositta chrysoptera, 101. leucocephala, 101.
—- pileata, 101.
Neosittella striata, 101. Neospilura, 128.
Neostrepera versicolor, 100. neoxena, Hirundo, 91.
nereis, Garrodia, 50.
, sternula, 54, 70. Nesierax novehollandie, 60. pottsi, 60.
Nesoceryx bicinctus, 74. Nesolimnas dieffenbachi, 57. Nesomalurus leucopterus, 98. Nesomiro dannefordi, 62. traversi, 62.
Nesonetta, 193.
—— aucklandica, 59. Nesopardalotus quadragintus, 102. Nesoptilotis flavicollis, 104.
- leucotis, 104, 116. Nesoscolopax, 124, 128, 129. Nesozosterops albogularis, 110. —-—— strenua, 109. Nezozosterops tenuirostris, 110. Nestor, 189.
——- meridionalis, 61.
== roymevonibisy, ll. productus, 110. Nettapus, 192.
Neuntodter, 133. newtoniana, Prionodura, 107. niger, Hematopus, ill.
, Psittacus, 167, 174. ———-, Purnellornis, 105. Nightjar, Large-tailed, 90. == Owleunso, sue
——-~, Spotted, 90.
——, White-throated, 90. nigra, Cissomela, 102.
——-, Querquedula, 162,
THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.
nigra, Rhynchops, 181.
——., Scolopax, 112. nigrescens, Mirafra javanica, 137. nigricans, Hylochelidon, 62, 91. , Motacilla, 132. nigrogularis, Cracticus, 100. , Psophodes, 96. nilotica, Gelochelidon, 70. Noddy, 54, 70.
——- Lesser, 70.
—— Little Grey, 54, 109, 110. —-— White-capped, 54, 70. norfolciensis, Leucomelcena, 78. Northiella hematogaster, 85, 168. Snare vacwlosr —— hematorrhous, 158. -_— pallescens, 168. Northipsitta alexandra, 86. notabilis, Nestor, 61. notatus, Elanus, 82. Notiomystis cincta, 63. Notofaleo subniger, 82. Notophoyx novehollandiz, 59, 81. noveguinee, Dacelo, 89, 112. novehollandie, Australasia, 167. —-—, Anhinga, 53, 69. ——. Bruchigavia, 54, 71, 135. ———. Cereopsis, 79. —-—., Dromiceius, 66, 117. ——, Graucalus, 94.
=) arus 4 oe —_—-, Leucospiza, 83. et , Lobibyx, 57, 74. ——, Meliornis, 105.
——, Menura, 90. ——, Nesierax, 60.
-_—, Notophoyx, 59, 81. —-—, Recurvirostra, 56, 73. ——, Scythrops, 88. ——, Tyto, 84.
—— edwardi, Menura, 168. gunni, Dromaius, 175. noveseelandize, Anthus, 150. ——, Austranthus, 64.
=e , Finsehia, 63. —-—, Fuligula, 59. : a , Hemiphaga, 58, 110. ———-, Prosthemadera, 63. ——, Spiloglaux, 60, 83.
—-—, Thinornis, 56. novezealandiz, Coturnix, 58. —~-, Cyanorhamphus, 109, 110. —_—, Himantopus, 56. —-— var. 8., Alauda, 150. novezelandie, Cyanorhamphus, 60. nuchalis, Rogersornis, 107. nucifraga, Caryocatactes, 162,
Numeniine, 125, 128. Numenius, 124, 125, 129. —— cyanopus, 56, 73. Nussheher, 133.
Nuthatch, Red-bellied, 180. Nyctale, 186.
Nyctea, 186.
nyctea, Strix, 194. Nycticorax caledonicus, 59, 81. Nymphicus, 188.
Nyroca, 192.
—— australis, 59, 80.
—— nyroca, 153.
rufa, 136, 153. nyroca, Anas, 136.
obseura, Anas, 153.
——, Melomyza, 102. obscurus, Pluviorhynchus, 56. occidentalis, Geopsittacus, 84. occipitalis, Chlamydodera, 9. oceanicus, Oceanites, 50, 66. Oceanites oceanicus, 50, 66. ocellata, Leipoa, 77. ocellatus, Micropodargus, 88. ochrocephala, Mohoua, 63. ochropus, Tringa, 123. Octocris alpestris, 181. Octogometra, 113. Octygometra, 113.
oculatus, Zoneginthus, L106. Ocyphaps lophotes, 79.
Gina, 191.
(&inanthe cinerea, 144.
—-— deserti, 159.
———— —— ailloparoras,, 116%), —— —— atrogularis, 160. ——— —— qdeserti, 159. Oidemia, 192.
olivacea, Gerygone, 92. olivaceus, Anthophagus, 174. ——, Psophodes, 95. = himixos) Oe. oliveri, Pterodroma, 51. oliviu, Austroturnix, 77.
Olor, 113.
Onychoprion fuscatus, 54, 70.
* Ophryzone kaupi, 94.
Opopsitta coxeni, 87.
——- leadbeateri, 87. optatus, Cuculus, 61, 87. Oreocinela, 144.
—_.— horsfieldi, 145.
—— lunulata, 96.
Oreoica gutturalis, 100, 112. Oreoscopus gutturalis, 98. orientalis, Chlamydodera, 9.
INDEX. 22)
orientalis, Hudynamis, 88.
, Hurystcmus, 61, 89, 117. ——., Merula torquata, 144. ——., Microphilemon, 105. ——, Turdus, 144.
——, —— torquatus, 144. Origmella solitaria, 97. Oriole, 107. /
—— Golden, 180.
—-— Yellow, 107.
Oriolus galbula, 180.
—— regens, 137, 142. ornata, Sacramela, 104. ornatus, Cosmaerops, 89, 117. ——-, Merops, 118.
Orthonyx maculatus, 95. Orthorhamphus magnirostris, 71. Ortygometra, 113.
Ortyx, Virginian, 179.
Ortyx virginiana, 179. osculans, Owenavis, 88. Osprey, 83.
ostralegus, Hematopus, 56, 74. . Otocoris, 188.
Otogyps, 185.
—— auricularis, 180.
Otus, 186.
-_— vulgaris, 180.
Owenavis osculans, 88. owen, Apteryx, 58.
Owl, Barn, 84, 180.
, Boobcook, 83.
——, Grass, 84.
——, Hawke» 1/80)
——., Laughing, 60.
——, Long-eared, 180.
, Masked, 84.
——, Powerful 84.
——, Rufous, 83.
——, Snowy, 194.
——, Sooty, 84,
——, Virginian Horned, 180. ——, Winking, 83. Oxylophus, 190. Oystercatcher, 56, 74.
=———, Blackwoon 74, Illy 12: =-—-, Pied:
Pachycephala melanura, 93. ~ pectoralis, 93.
robusta, 93. —---— xanthoprocta, 110. Pachyptila, 166. —— forsteri, 166.
— vittata, 52, 68, 116.
pachyrhynchus, Eudyptes, 50, 66, 146. pacifica, Certhia, 174.
222
pacifica, Globicera, 79.
, Myola, 81.
——-, Thyellodroma, 51, 67. ~ pacificus, Hurystomus, 136, 151. , Gabianus, 71.
——, Micropus, 62, 90.
Pagoa leschenaulti, 74. Paleornis, 188.
Pallenia caudacuta, 138. pallescens, Northieila, 168. pallida, Acanthiza, 137. pallidus, Heteroscenes, 87. palpebrata, Pheebetria, 52. palpebrosa, Pseudogerygone, 92. palustris, Acrocephalus, 163. SS Mprizay Lol-slhoos
-, Faleo, 133.
—-—, Motacilla, 163.
——, Sylvia, 163.
Pandion, 185.
—— haliatos var. australis, 136. —_—-- haliaetus, 83, 136. leucocephalus, 136. papua, Pygoscelis, 50. papuensis, Megapodargus, 88. Paradisea imperialis, 137, 142. paradisea, Ptiloris, 108.
SS ViduaalsO%
paradoxus, Corvus, 169, 170. ——, Creadion, 169.
—- —, Dyottornis, 105.
—— paradoxus, Creadion, 169. ——- westernensis, Creadion, 169. Paragraucalus lineatus, 94. Paraptilotis chrysops, 103.
- fusca, 103.
Parascolopax, 128. parasiticus,-Lestris, 166.
, Stercorarius, 55, 71. Parasula dactylatra, 53, 69. Pardalote, Black-headed, 102.
, Forty-spotted, 102.
——, Red-browed, 102.
——, Spotted, 102.
, Yellow-tipped, 102.
Pardalotinus melanocephalus, 102.
rubricatus, 102.
—— striatus, 102.
Pardalotus punctatus, 102, 116. Parephthianura tricolor, 96. parkinsoni, Procellaria, 51, 67. Parrakeet, Antipodes Island, 61. . Green, 109, 110.
——, Orange-fronted, 61.
———, Red-fronted, 60.
——, Turcosine, 117.
——, Yellow-fronted, 61.
THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.
Parrot, Beautiful, 85. ——-, Black-hooded, 85.
| ——, Blue-bellied, 121.
———, Blue-cheeked, 85. ——, Blue-vented, 85. ———, Blue-winged, 84. ——, Carolina, 179.
——, Crimson, 85.
——., Crimson-fronted, 117.
| ———, Golden-shouldered, 85.
——,’Grass, 84. —, Green, 85. ——, King, 85. -~—_—, Mallee, 85. ——, Orange-bellied, 84. ——, Pink-cheeked, 86. -, Red-backed, 85. , Red-capped, 85. , Red-cheeked, 86. , Red-shouldered Grass, 84. , Red-sided, 86. —-—-, Red-winged, 86. , Rock, 84.
, Searlet-chested Grass, 84.
, Smutty, 85.
, Spinitex, 84.
, Swift, 84. SS Variedissor ——, Yellow, 85. —-—, Yellow-cheeked, 85. Parus atricapilla, 132. atricapillus, 180. —— longicaudatus, 133. -—— sylvestris ater, 133. parvirostris, Chaleites, 148. parvula, Conigravea, 99. parvus, Rallus, 135. Passerella, 187. patagonica, Aptenodytes, 50, 66. Pavoncella, 129. Pealea lineata, 50. Pebbler, Rock, 86. pectoralis, Aphelocephala, 100. ——, Cissomela, 102. ——, Coturnix, 77. ——~—, Heteromunia, 196. —-—, Lorius, 86.
| ——, Pachycephala, 93.
——-, Rallus, 75:
——, Xerophila, 9. Pedionomus torquatus, 78. Pelagodroma marina, 50, 66. Pelecanoides urinatrix, 52, 68. Pelican, Australian, 53, 69. Pelidna, 125, 126, 129.
_ pella, Trochilus, 193.
Peltohyas australis, 75.
Penecenanthe leucura, 93. Penguin, Big-crested, 50, 66. , Fairy, 66.
——, Little Blue, 49.
——., King, 50, 66.
——, Macaroni, 50, 66, 111. , Silver, 49.
—, Tufted, 50, 66.
——, Yellow-crested, 111. ——, Yeilow-crowned, 50. ——-, Victoria, 50.
Penguins, Thick-billed, 49.
. Thin-billed, 50. penicillata, Ptilotula, 104. pennatus, Hieraaétus, 83. pennsylvanicus, Buteo, 179. peregrinus, Rhynchodon, 82. Perisoreus, 187.
Pernis, 186.
peroni, Peronista, 66, 166. Peronista diemenianus, 175, 166. peroni, 66, 166. persica, Calandrella rufescens, 159. personata, Neopoéphila, 107. personatus, Campbellornis, 99. perthi, Hypoleucus, 69, 111. petersi, Podica, 175.
Petrel, Antarctic, 51.
——, Black, 51, 67.
———, Blue, 51, 68, 165. ——, Brown, 51, 67, 111. ——, Brown-headed, 67; 108. ——, Diving, 52, 68.
——, Giant, 52, 68.
, Grey-faced, 51, 67.
, Kermadec, 51, 109.
, Mottled, 51, 67.
, Silver-Grey, 51, 67.
, Small-billed, 51.
——., Soft-plumaged, 67. ——, Spotted, 51, 67.
——, Sunday Island, 51. ——, White-headed, 5i, 67. ——, White-winged, 51, 67. ——, White-chinned, 51. Petrella capensis, 51, 67. Petroica monticola, 148. —multicolor, 91, 116. Petrophassa albipennis, 78. —— -rufipennis, 78. petrophilus, Neonanodes, 84. Pezoporus, 188.
—— wallicus, 84.
Phena, 142.
Pheopus, 124, 129. phaeton, Neochmia, 107. Phalacrocorax carbo, 53, 69.
INDEX.
Phalarope, Grey, 56. Phalaropus fulicarius, 56.
| Phaps chalcoptera, 78.
| phasianella, Macropygia, 78. | phasianinus, Polophilus, 88. | Phegornis, 129.
| Philanthus, 137, 145.
_ Philemon argenticeps, 105.
yorki, 105. philippensis, Hypoteznidea, 57, 75. , Tomirdus, 75.
| Phillanthe creadion, 168, 169.
dilophus, 169. anthoecera, 169.
phillipsi, Anthus, 151. Philohela, 125, 128, 129. Philomachus, 125, 129. Pheebetria fusea, 52, 68. palpebrata, 52. Phoenicophaus, 190. Pheenicopterus, 192.
—— mayor, 154.
—-—— ruber, 181.
antiquorum, 154. pheenicurus, Sylvia, 163. Phoeopus phoeopus, 55, 73. Phonygama, 187. Phonygammus keraudreni, 108. phrygia, Zanthomiza, 103. Phylidonyris pyrrhoptera, 105.
Pica glandaria minor, 133.
sanblasiana, 149. picata, Gracula, 118. Picoides, 189.
| picta, Emblema, 106.
—, Grantiella, 103. picumna, Neoclima, 101. Picumnus, 189.
Picus, 189.
auralentus, 140. —— braziliensis, 193. —— coronatus, 140. erythrocephalus, 181.
| ——— major, 193.
—— minimus, 193. —— pileatus, 193. —— principalis, 193. Pie a pendeloques, 170. Piezorhynchus alecto, 94. Pigeon, 58, 110. , Bandtailed, 181. —, Black-banded Truit, 79.
| —--, Chatham Islands, 58. 78
, Chestnut-quilled, -- Crested, 79.
, Flock, 78.
, Grey-heacled, 79.
224 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.
Pigeon, Naked-eyed, Partridge, 78.
——, Nutmeg, 79.
——., Partridge, 78.
—---, Pheasant, 78.
——, Plumed, 78.
——, Purple-breasted Fruit, 79. ——, Purple-crowned lruit, 79. ———, Red-cered, 79.
——., Red-plumed, 79.
——, Top-knot, 79.
——, White-headed, 78.
—-—, White-quilled Rock, 78. , White-throated, 109. Pileata, 183, 184.
pileata, Neositta, 101. pileatus, Picus, 193.
Pilot Bird, 95.
pinetorum, Ficedula, 162. Pipils, 187.
Pipit, 105.
pipixean, Larus, 156.
Piraya, 190.
Pisobia, 125, 129.
—-— ruficollis, 55 —— subminuta, Piseatrix sula, 69.
Pitta, Blue-breasted, 90.
—--, Noisy, 90.
——, Rainbow, 91.
Pitylus, 187.
placens, Sternula, 10.
placida, Geopelia, 78.
plagosus, Lamprococcyx, 88. Plain-Wanderer, 78. Planesticus fuliginosus, 110. —— xanthopus, 109.
Platalea, 191.
—— ajaya, 179.
—-— melanorhynchos, 135, 152. Platibis flavipes, 82. Platycercus, 188.
——- adscitus, 85.
—— ealedonicus, 85.
—— elegans, 85, 116.
——— eximius, 85, 116.
——-- flaveolus, 85.
-—— icterotis, 85.
— venustus, 85. Platyrhamphus, 129. Platyrhynchus falcinellus, 71. Plectorhamphus lanceolatus, 102. Plectrophanes, 188.
—-- lapponicus, 179. Plectropterus, 192.
Plegadis falcinellus, 60, 81. Plotus anchinga, 180.
Plover, Black-breasted, 74.
5 2h
Plover, Grey, 74.
——, Lesser Golden, 56, 74. ——., Lesser Masked, 74. ——., Shore, 56.
——, Spur-winged, 51, 74. ——-, Wry-billed, 56. plumbea, Hydrochelidon, 181. ——., Muscicapa, 140.
, Porzanoidea, 57, 76. plumifera, Lophophaps, 78. plumiferus, Micropodargus, 88. plumula, Sacramela, 104. Pluvialis, 112.
—— dominicus, 56, 74. Pluviorhynchus obscurus, 56. Podargus strigoides, 88. Podcica africanus, 175. Podiceps, 193.
—— cristatus, 58, 76. Podilymbus, 193.
Peecilodryas cerviniventris, 92. —— albifacies, 9. superciliosa, 92. peecilonotus, Buteo, 147. Poéphila acuticauda, 106. gouldiew, 106. poiciloptilus, Botaurus, 59, 81. polatzeki, Calandrella rufescens, 159. Poliocephalus rufopectus, 58. poliocephalus, Tachybaptus, 76. Poliolimnas cinereus, 76. Polornis, 186.
Polophilus phasianinus, 88. Polyboroides, 186.
Polyborus, 185.
Polytelis anthopeplus, 86. —— swainsonil, 86. pomarinus, Coprotheres, 71. Pomatostomus temporalis, 96. Pontoactus, 185.
—— leucogaster, 136, 147. macei, 167.
Poodytes gramineus, 96.
—— —— milligani, 137. Porphyrio albus, 109.
—_—— hbellus, 76.
martinica, 180.
—— melanotus, 76. porphyrocephala, Glossopsitta, 87. Porzana fluminea, 76. Porzanoidea plumbea, 57, 76. pottsi, Nesierax, 60. pratensis, Anthus, 169. Pratineole, Australian, 57, 75. ——., Oriental, 75.
prineipalis, Picus, 193. Priocella antaretica, 51, 67.
Priofinus zquinoctialis, 111. —— arctica, 11].
---— cinerea, 111.
Prion, 165, 166. Broad-billed, 52, 68. —— Dove, 52, 68.
---— Fairy, 52, 68.
~.—— Thin-billed, 51, 68. Prioniturus, 188. Prionodura newtoniana, 107. prionurus, Cuculus, 138, 141. Probosciger aterrimus, 87. Procellaria, 111. equinoctialis, 51.
—-— ceerulea, 165.
—— parkinsoni, 51, 67. —— vittata, 166. Procelsterna albivitta, 149. cerulea, 54, 109, 110. albivitta, 135. productus, Nestor, 110. Promergus australis, 59. Prosbosciger, 142. Proseisura lorealis, 94. Prosobonia, 129. Prosthemadera noveseelandix, 63. Psephotellus chrysopterygius, 85. —— dissimilis, 85.
— -pulcherrimus, 85. Psephotus hzematonotus, 85. narethe, 168.
—-— varius, 85.
Pseudaetus bonelli, 167. Pseudastur, 147. Pseudogerygone palpebrosa, 92. Pseudoglottis, 129. Pseudoprion turtur, 52, 68. Pseudoscolopax, 124. Pseudototanus, 129. Psilopogon, 189. Psilorhinus, 187.
Psittacula, 189.
Psittacus, 189.
——— aterrimus, 142.
—— bathurstii, 142.
——- cookii, 167, 174.
——-— discolor, 168.
——— fimbriatus, 122.
——- hematotus daviesianus, 122. —— niger, 167, 174.
—— pulchellus, 117. Psitteuteles versicolor, 87. Psophodes nigrogularis, 96. —~— olivaceus, 95. Pterocles, 191. Pterocryanea, 192. Pterodroma, 112.
INDEX. 2
bo Ou
Pterodroma externa, 51. inexpectata, 51, 67.
—— macroptera, 51, 67. melanopus, 67, 108. mollis, 67.
= neglecta, 51, 109. oliveri, 51.
Vueroglossus, 188
Pteropodocys maxima, 94,
Pteropus, 172.
africanus, 174, 175.
—— surinamensis, 174.
Ptilonopus, 190.
regina, 79.
—-— superba, 79.
Ptilonorhynchus violaceus, 107.
Ptiloris paradisea, 108.
Ptilotina analoga, 103.
Ptilotis flavostriata, 10.
—— frenata, 10.
Ptiiotula flaveseens, 104.
—— penicillata, 104.
Ptistes erythropterus, 168,
Puffinus assimilis, 50, 67.
pugnax, Machetes, 123.
pulchella, Neophema, 84, 116.
pulchellus, Cheniscus, 79.
, Psittaecus, 117.
pulcherrimus, Leggeornis, 98.
, Psephotellus, 85.
Pulchripitta iris, 91.
pumila, Fringilla, 152.
punctata, Bowdleria, 63.
punctatum, Cinclosoma, 95.
punctatus, Pardalotus, 102, 116.
, stictocarbo, 53.
puniceus, Turdus, 26.
Purnella albifrons, 103.
Purnellornis niger, 105.
Purpureicephalus spurius, 85.
purpureus, Quiscalus, 181.
pusilla, Acanthiza, 97.
, Aleedo, 194.
= Ceruhiaelts2.
——, Emberiza, 160.
, Glossopsitta, 87.
-——-, Micralcyone, 89.
-——, Zapornia, 57, 76.
pusillus, Ereunetes, 123.
Pyecnoptilus floecosus, 95.
pygmieus, Kurynorhynchus, 123.
Pygoscelis papua, 50.
Pyranga rubra, 181.
Pyrenestes, 187.
Pyrrholemus brunneus, 97.
pyrrhophanus, Cacomantis, 87.
pyrrhoptera, Phylidonyris, 105,
226 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.
pyrrhopygia, Hylacola, 95. pyrrhopygius, Cyanalcyon, 89. pyrrhothorax, Alphaturnia, 77. Pyrrhula, 188.
——- cocinea, 162.
—— europea, 162. Pyrrhulauda, 188. pyrrhuloides, Schceniclus, 131.
quadragintus, Nesopardalotus, 102.
Quail, 58.
, Allied, 77.
——, Black-backed, 77. ———., Black-breasted, 77. ——, Brown, 77.
———., Chestnut-backed, 77. ee awl: 160)
—-—, King, 77.
——., Little, 77.
—_—, Painted, 77.
———, Red-chested, 77. ——~ Stubble, W7. Quarrion, 86. Querquedula, 192.
fusea, 162. -
—— nigra, 162.
—— querquedula, 80. Quiscalus purpureus, 181. quoyi, Melloria, 100. Quoyornis georgianus, 93.
radiatus, Erythrotriorchis, 83, Radjah radjah, 80.
Raheinta clamosa, 91.
rail, Leucospiza, 83.
Rail, Auckland Islands, 57.
, Buff-banded, 57, 75. ——, Chatham Islands, 57. ——, Chestnut-bellied, 76. ———— landseio.
——, Little Chatham Islands, 57.
= Marsh n5i.
——, Slate-breasted, 75.
, Swamp, 57.
Rallina, 151, 152.
fasciata, 152.
Rallus muelleri, 57.
—— parvus, 135.
—— pectoralis, 75. Ramphopis, 187. Ramsayornis fasciatus, 103. modestus, 103. Raperia godmane, 109. Raven, 108.
Recurvirostra americana, 181. novehollandixwe, 56, 73. Red-throat, 97.
Reef-Heron, White, 81. Reed-Warbler, 96. regens, Oriolus, 137, 142.
| Regent Bird, 107.
regia, Spatherodia, 60, 82. regina, Ptilinopus, 79. reguloides, Geobasileus, 97. Regulus americanus, 179. eristaurea, 162.
—— vulgaris, 162. Reinholdia reinholdi, 50, 67. reinwardt, Megapodius, 77, 166. Rhabdoglaux rufa, 83. Rhamphastos, 188. Rhinortha, 190.
Rhipidura dryas, 9. flabellifera, 63, 938. fuliginosa, 63. Rhyacophilus, 125, 129. glareola, 72, 128. Rhynchea, 125.
| Rhynchoceros, 142, 143.
Rhynchodon peregrinus, 82. Rhynchoplatus, 142, 143.
- clypeata, 135. Rhynchops nigra, 181]. rhynchotis, Spatula, 59, 80. richmondi, Wilsonavis, 92. Rifle- Bird, 108.
Cape York, 108. Rifleman, 62.
Riparia europea, 162. riparia, Hirundo, 162. Robin, 62.
, Ashy-fronted Fly, 92. ——, Black, 62.
——., Buff-sided, 92.
——, Dusky, 92.
—~, Flame-breasted, 91.
| ———, Grey-breasted Shrike, 93.
— ., Hooded, 92. —.-, Large-headed, 93. ———, Mangrove, 93.
| ——-, Pink-breasted, 91. | ——~, Red-capped, 91.
———., Rose-breasted, 92.
——, Seruh, 95.
—-, Snares Island, Black, 62. ——, White-breasted Shrike, 93. ——, White-browed, 92.
—-, White-throated Fly, 93. —--—, Yellow-breasted, 93.
—-—, Yeilow-breasted Shrike, 93. robusta, bachycephala, 93.
| robustirostris, Milligania, 97. | robustus, Graucalus, 63, 94, 116.
Rock-Hopper, 50.
INDEX.
Rock-Warbler rodinogaster, Erythrodryas, 91. rogersi, Butorides, 8. Rogersornis nuchalis, 107. Rohrammerling, 133. Rohrhinne, Bunte, 134. Rohrwethe, 133. Roller, 61, 89. rosea, Belchera, 92. , Carpodacus, 164. roseicapillus, Holophus, 86. Rosella, 85.
Adelaide, 85. Rosina coronata, 98. Rossornis macrurus, 90. Rostfarbige Wasserhuhn, 134. Rostratula, 124, 129. australis, 71. Rostratulins, 124, 129. Rostrhaimus, 186. royanus, Fregettornis, 108. Royigerygone insularis, LOY. modesta, 110. rubecula, Mastersornis, 94. ruber, Phcenicopterus, 181.
rubicunda, Mathewsena, 75. rubida, Erismatura, 181. rubiginosa, Fulica, 134.
rubra, Pyranga, 181.
rubricatus, Cacomantis, 87.
, Pardalotinus, 102. rubricauda, Sczeeophaéthon, 54, 70. rubricera, Globicera, 79. rubritorquis, Trichoglossus, 87. rufa, Anas, 136, 153.
———, Hirundo, 180.
——, Nyroca, 136, 153.
——, Rhabdoglaux, 83.
——, Whitlocka, 101.
rufescens, Alauda, 159.
——, Atrichornis, 91.
——, Bowdleria, 63.
——, Calandrella minor, 159.
=; rufescens, 159.
——— betica, Calandrella, 159. —— cheleensis, Calandrella, 159. ——— heinei, Calandrella, 159. ——— kukuroorensis, Calandrella, 159. —— leucophea, Calandrella, 159. —— minor, Calandrella, 159. —— persica, Calandrella, 159. —— polatzeki, Calandrella, 159. -—— rufescens, Calandrella, 159. seebohmi, Calandrella, 159. —., Cracticus, 9.
Ruff, 123.
antiquorum, Phcenicopterus, 154.
i)
~I
| ruficapillus, Leucopolius, 56, 74.
ruficauda, Bathilda, 106. ruficeps, Morganornis, 96. Ruficilla muralis, 163. ruficollis, Mastersornis, 94. ——, Pisohbia, 55, 72.
| ——, Tachybaptus, 76.
, Turdus, 160.
rufifrons, Howeavis, 93. rufipennis, Petrophassa, 78. rufiventris, Colluricincla, 99. ——, Lewinornis, 93. rufogularis, Acanthagenys, 105. , Conopophaga, 103.
, Gilbertornis, 93.
_ rufopectus, Poliocephalus, 58.
russatus, Lamprococcyx, 88.
rustica, Emberiza, 160.
, Hirundo, 91.
| rusticola, Scolopax, 173.
Rusticolinew, 125.
ruticilla, Setophaga, 179. rutila, Anas, 153.
, Muscicapa, 132. rutilus, Lanius minor, 133. Ryania melanocephala, 98,
Sacramela keartlandi, 104.
ornata, 104. plumula, 104. Saddle Back, 64. sagittata, Chthonicola, 97. , Mimeta, 107.
| Salicaria arundinacea, 162.
locustella, 162. salicum, Ficedula, 162. Saltator, 187.
salvadorii, Sphecotheres, 95. Samuela alisteri, 95.
—— cinnamomea, 95. sanblasiana, Pica, 149. sancta, Sauropatis, 89. sanctus, Sauropatis, 61. Sanderling, 72. Sandpiper, Broad-billed, 71. , Common, 72.
——, Curlew, 55.
——., Grey, 55, 72.
| ——, Grey-rumped, 72. ——, Hudsonian, 181. | ——, Long-tailed, 72.
——., Terek, 72.
, Wood, 72.
sanguineolenta, Myzomela, 102 116 sanguinicollis, Corvus, 140. sanguineus, Ducorpsius, 86. Sarcoramphus, 185.
228 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.
Sarkidiornis, 192.
Sasia, 189.
saturata, Scolopax, 128. Sauropatis chloris, 89.
—-— sancta, 89.
—-—— sanctus, 61.
Saurothera, 190.
saxatilis, Linaria, 133.
——-, Monticola, 164.
Saxicola albifrons, 160. jardini, 136. Sceophaéthon rubricauda, 54, 70. scandens, Cactornis, 149. scapularis, Alisterus, 85, 116, 139. Scaup, 59.
Sceloglaux albifacies, 60. Scenopoéetes dentirostris, 107. Scenopceus dentirostris, 9. schlegh, Eucyptes, 50, 66, 111. Scheeniclus pyrrhuloides, 131. schoeniclus, 131. Schwanzmaise, 133.
selateri, Eudyptes, 50. Scolopacide, 128, 129. Scolopacinee, 124, 125, 128, 129. Scolopax, 125, 128, 129. celestis, 130, 131, 132, 133. —— media, 132.
= iembanvenrsy, 13}.
—— minor, 181.
—— nigra, 112.
—— rusticola, 173.
——- saturata, 128.
—— solitaria, 128.
—— undulata, 129.
seripta, Geophaps, 78. scriptus, Elanus, 82.
Serub Bird, Noisy, 91.
, Rufous, 91.
Serub Fowl, 77.
Serub Robin, 95.
—— ——, Northern, 95. Serub Tit, 98.
Scrub Wren, 97.
——, Brown, 98.
—_ —-—.,, Collared, 98.
—— ——, Large-billed, 97. ——— ——__, Northern, 97.
—— ——, Spotted, 97.
—.— ——, Yellow-throated, 97. Scythrops, 190.
—-— novehollandiz, 88.
Sea Eagle, White-heacled, 179.
seebohmi, Calandrella rufescens, 159.
Seisura inquieta, 94. semipalmata, Anseranas, 79, 166. senegalensis, Heliornis, 175.
Sericornis frontalis, 97. maculatus, 97. ——- magnirostris, 97. ——— minimus, 9.
—-— tyrannulus, 97.
_——- chrysocephalus, 107, 137, 142.
Serpentarius, 186.
serrator, Sulita, 54, 69.
serresianus, Kudyptes, 5, 66, 111, 137, 146.
— eristatus 147.
Setophaga ruticilla, 179.
setosa, Setosura, 94.
Setosura setosa, 94.
Shag, Black, 53, 69,
—-—., Brenze, 53.
--—, Campbell Island, 53.
——., Chatham istands, 53.
——.-, Little Black, 53, 69.
——— Pied, 53:
——, Rough-taced, 53.
——, Spotted, 53.
——-, White-throated, 53.
Shearwater, Allied, 50, 67.
——, Ashy-backed, 50.
-——, Brown-kacked, 50, 67.
——, Fleshy-footed, 51, 67.
——-, Short-tailed, 51, 67.
, Sombre, 47.
—— , Sooty, 51, 67.
—-—, Wedge-tailed, 51, 67.
Sheld-Drake, White-headed, 80.
Shore Lark, 181.
Shoveler, 59, 80.
Shrike, Frontal, 117.
——, Great Northern, 180.
Shrike Thrush, 99.
, Brown, 99.
——- ——, Buff-bellied, 99.
——__. ——., Little, 99.
——-. ———, Red-bellied 99.
——— ——, Rufous-breasted, 99.
a —, Stripe-breasted, 99.
Shrike Tit, 100.
—— —~—, Yellow-bellied, 10.
Siala wilsonii, 180.
—-, Wilson’s, 180,
sibirieca, Alauda, 158.
——, Melanocorypha, 158.
——, Tanavra, 158.
—-— fuliginosa, Muscicapa, 144.
sibiricus, Turdus, 160.
Silver Eye, 63.
Grey-breasted, 109.
simplex, Muscitrea, 93.
Sitta affinis, 158.
eresia affinis, 158.
Sitta exsia britannica, 158. —— varia, 180.
Sittella albata, 10. Skimmer, Black, 181. Skua, Antarctic, 71.
, Aretic, 55, 71. ——, Great, 55.
——, Pomarine, 71. ——, South Polar, 55. Smicrornis brevirostris, 92. smithi, Geophaps, 78. Smoker, 85.
Snipe, 173.
ee AIStralianee oanile ——, Common, 130, 173. ——, Great, 173.
——— Jeol, 173}.
——, Jadreka, 173. ——., Painted, 71.
——— jPihinenewillel, ‘7/1L-
, Spotted, 173.
soderbergi, Mirafra javanica, 137.
solitaria, Origmella, 97.
, Scolopax, 128.
, Tringa, 123. Somateria, 192.
Song Lark, Brown, 96.
, Rufous, 96.
spaldingi, Macrorthonyx, 95. Sparrow Hawk, Collared, 83. , Coopers, 179. Spatherodia regia, 60, 82. Spatula, 192.
clypeata, 135. rhynchotis, 59, 80. speculifer, Tanagra, 141. Spermophila, 188. Spermospiza, 187. Sphecotheres flaviventris, 95. salvadoru, 95.
vieilloti, 95. Sphenorhynchus, 141. Sphenorynchus abdimii, 141. Sphenostoma cristatum, 100. Sphenura brachyptera, 98, 116. sphenurus, Haliastur, 83.
Spiloglaux noveeseelandiw, 60, 83.
Spinebill, 103. White-browed, 103. spinicollis, Carphibis, 81. spinosus, Hoplopterus, 151. Spizaétus, 185.
splendens, Malurus, 98. splendida, Neophema, 84. spodocephala, Emberiza, 160. Spoonbill, Black-billed, 82.
, Roseate, 179.
INDEX.
Spoonbill, Royal, 60.
, Yellow-billed, 82. spurius, Purpureicephalus, 85. Squatarola squatarola, 74. stagnatilis, [hornis, 72.
| ——, Tringa, 123: | staperola, Motacilla, 132.
| |
Starling, 109, 310.
——, Shining, 107. Steganopleura bichenovii, 106. Steightz, 133.
Steinhanfling, 133.
stellaris, Ardea, 135, 162. ——, Butor, 162.
Stercorarius parasiticus, 55, 71. Sterna, cinerea, 135, 149. dougalli, 70.
gouldi, 135, 152.
striata, 54, 70.
vittata, 54.
wilsonii, 181.
| Sternula albifrons, 70.
placens, 10. nereis, 54, 70.
| Stictocarbo featherstoni, 53.
punctatus, 53. Stietonetta nevosa, 80. Stictopeleia cuneata, 78. Stigmatops indistineta, 103. Stilt, 56) eno:
——, Banded, 73.
——, Black, 56.
, White-headed, 73. Stiltia isabella, 57, 75. Stint, Long-toed, 72.
——, Red-necked, 55, 72.
, Sharp-tailed, 55, 72. Stipiturus malachurus, 98, 137, 143.
| Stitch-Bird, 63.
stitula, Strix, 132.
| Stolida cinerea, 135, 149, 150.
stolidus, Anous, 54, 70. Stomioptera unicolor, 104.
| Stone Plover, 71.
, Long-billed, 71. Storm-Petrel, Allied, 108.
, Black, 108.
———., Black-bellied, 50, 67.
, Grey-backed, 50. ——., Leach’s, 181.
——, Samoan, 50.
, Striped, 108.
——, White-bellied, 67, 108. ——, White-faced, 50, 66.
, Yellow-webbed, 50, 66. Storm-Petrels, 50.
strenua, Nesozosterops, 109.
230 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.
strenuus, Berneyornis, 84. Strepera, 187.
fuliginosa, 100. graculina, 100. melanoptera, 100. Streptopelia, 164.
striata, Butorides, 81.
, Diaphorillas, 958. ——, Neosittella, 101. ——, Sterna, 54, 70. striatus, Megalurus, 137. ——, Pardalotinus, 102. stricklandi, Gallinago, 128. stridula, Strix, 132. strigoides, Podargus, 88. Strigops, 189.
habroptilus, 60. Strix, flammea, 180.
—— nyctea, 194.
= — stitula,, lo.
—— stridula, 132. Strobilophaga, 188.
—— enucleator, 181. Struthidea, 187.
cinerea, 108. Stubble-Quail, 77. Sturnella ludoviciana, 180. Sturnus carunculatus, 169. subarquatus, Ancylochilus, 123. subeana, Fringilla, 132. suberistatus, Lophastur, 82. subfasciata, Glyciphila, 10. subminuta, Pisobia, 72. subniger, Notofalco, 82. Subspilura megala, 71. Sula, 113.
dactylatra, 112. leucogaster, 53, 69. sula, Piseatrix, 69.
Sulita serrator, 54, 69. Sultana, Martinico, 180. sumatrana, Gygisterna, 70. sumatranus, Typhon, 80. Sun-Bird, 102.
superba, Ptilinopus, 79. superbus, Trochilus, 193. superciliaris, Drymodes, 95. ——, Turdus, 140. superciliosa, Anas, 59, 80. , Climacteris, 101. —— ., Peecilodryas, 92.
superciliosus, Acanthorhynchus, 108.
—-—, Campbellornis, 99. —_—, Morganornis, 96. surinamensis, Pteropus, 174. Surnia, 186.
—— funerea, 180.
swainsonii, Polytelis, 86.
Swallow, 91.
, Australian Tree-, 62.
——, Barn, 180.
——, Black and White, 91.
——, Short-tailed, 91.
, Welcome, 91.
Swamp-Hawk, 83.
Swan, Bewick’s, 179.
, Black, 80.
Swift, Madeira, 179.
, Spine-tailed, 62, 90.
, White-rumped, 62, 90.
Swiftlet, Grey-rumped, 90.
, Uniform, 90.
sylvestris. Columba, 133.
, Lricholimnas, 109.
ater, Parus, 133.
Sylvia arundinacea, 162.
brunnea, 163.
—— flavescens, 162. hippolais, 162, 163.
locustella, 162.
-—— palustris, 163.
—— pheenicurus, 163.
sylvicola, 162.
—— trochilus, 162.
sylvia, Uraleyon, 89.
sulvicola, Ficaria, 162.
, Ficedula, 162.
——, Sylvia, 162.
Syma torotora, 89.
Symphemia, 129.
Symposiachrus trivirgatus, 94.
Syrnium, 186.
Syrrhaptes, 191.
Tachybaptus poliocephalus, 74. ruficollis, 76. Tachyphonus, 187. Tadorna, 192.
tadornoides, Casarea, 80. Teniopygia castanotis, 106. tahitina, Columba, 149. taitensis, Kurukuru, 149.
, Urodynamis, 61, 110. Takahe, 57.
Tanager, Red, 181.
Tanagra melanoxantha, 141. sibirica, 158. speculifera, 141. tanagra, Turnagra, 63. Tannenmaise, 133.
Tantalus loculator, 181. Tanygnathus, 189. Tasmanornis humilis, 98. Tattler, Grey-rumped, 112.
INDEX. 231
Tattler, Wandering, 72. Tavistocka guttata, 106, 116. Teal, Garganey, 80. , Green Goose, 79. ——, Green-headed, 59, 80. ——, Grey, 59, 80. , White-quilled Goose, 79. temporalis, Aigintha, 106, 116. , Fringilla, 119. ——, Pomatostomus, 96. tenebricosa, Megastrix, 84. tenebrosa, Gallinula, 76. tenebrosus, Ethelornis, 92. tenuirostris, Acanthorhynchus, 103. , Anteliotringa, 71. ——, Juarus, 157. ——, Licmetis, 86. ——, Megalopterus, 70. ——, Metagraucalus, 95. —-—, Neonectris, 51, 67. ——, Nesozosterops, 110. tephropleura, Zosterops, 109. Terekia, 129. cinerea, 72. tereticollis, Larus, 150. Tern, Black-fronted, 54. ——, Black-naped, 70. ——., Bridled, 70. ——, Caspian, 54, 70. —-—, Crested, 54, 70. ——, Fairy, 54, 70. ——, Gull-billed, 70. ———, Lesser Crested, 70. ——, Roseate, 70. ——, Short-tailed, 181. ——, Sooty, 54, 70. ——, Sub-antaretic, 54. ——, Whiskered, 70. ——— Winter 54) 1 10} ——, White-fronted, 54, 70. ——., White-winged, 54, 70. —--, Wilson’s, 181. Ternlet, White-faced, 70. , White-shafted, 70. terraregine, Collocalia, 10. Tetrao, 191. canadensis, 179. textilis, Diaphorillas, 98. Textor, 141. textrix, Fringilla, 141. Thalassarche bulleri, 52. chlororhynchus, 52, 68. —— chrysostoma, 52, 68. melanophris, 52, 68. Thalasseus, 112. -_— bengalensis, 70.
-— bergil, 54, 70.
Thalassidroma leachii, 181. Thalassiornis, 1938. Thalassoica antaretica, 51.
Thickhead, 110.
, Big-billed, 93.
| ——, Black-lored, 93.
——, Black-tailed, 93. ——., Brown, 93. —-, Grey, 93.
—---, Olive, 93.
| ——— Red-lored, 93. | ———, Rufus-breasted, 93. | ———, White-bellied, 93.
, White-throated, 93.
| Thinornis noveseelandix, 56.
thorpei, Donacola, 106.
| Threskiornis molucea, 82. _ Thrush, Ground, 96.
, Black-eyed, 120.
| ——, North Island, 63.
, South Island, 63. ——, White-browed, 120.
, White-eared, 120. Thyellodroma bulleri, 50. ——.pacifica, 51, 67. tibicen, Gymnorhina, 100. Tiga, 189.
tigrina, Alauda, 159. Timixos olivaceus, 93. Tinnunculus, 186. tintillon, Fringilla ecelebs,’ 152. Tit, Black-Capt, 180.
, Brown, 97.
——., Buff-rumped, 97. ——, Chestnut-rumped, 97.
| ———, Dark Brown, 97.
——, Little, 97. ——, Plain-coloured, 97.
| ———, Serub, 98,
——, Striated, 97. ——, Thick-billed, 97.
| ——-, Thin-billed, 97.
= ree On ——, Yellow-rumped, 97.
| toitoi, Myiomoira, 62.
Tomirdus tricolor, 75. Tomtit, North Island, 62. , South Island, 62.
| Tonophoyx aruensis, 81.
torotoro, Syma, 89.
torquata orientalis, Merula, 144. torquatus, Bulestes, 100.
, Pedionomus, 78. orientalis, Turdus, 144. Totanus, 125, 129.
tractrac, Motacilla, 144. traversi, Nesomiro, 62.
232 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.
Traversia lyalli, 62.
Treecreeper, Black-backed, 101.
—-—, Blaekx-tailed, 101. ——, Brown, 101.
——, Red-browed, 101. ——, Rufous, 101.
——, White-browed, 101. , White-throated, 101. Tree-Martin, 91.
Treerunner, Black-capped, 101.
——, Orange-winged, 101. ——, Striated; 10).
, White-headed, 101. Tree-Swallow, Australian, 62. Tree-Tit, 92.
Tregellasia capito, 93.
, leucops, 93.
Treron, 190.
Tribonyx mortierii, 76. Trichoglossus, 188. hamatodus, 167. hematopus, 167. moluceanus, 87, 116, 167. rubritorquis, 87. Tricholimnas sylvestris, 109. trichroa, Erythura, 106. tricolor, Lalage, 95.
, Parephthianura, 96. ——, Tomirdus, 75.
——., Zonifer, 74.
Tringa, 112, 125, 129. ealidris, 123.
—— flavipes, 123. nebularia, 123.
—— ochropus, 123. solitaria, 123.
——— stagnatilis, 123. Tringine, 123, 124, 125, 128. Tringoides, 129.
: hypoleucos, 123.
—— macularius, 123. trivirgatus, Symposiachrus, 94. Trochilus clavigula, 148. colubris, 193.
—— major, 162.
medius, 162.
—— minimus, 193.
—— minor, 162.
—— multicolor, 193.
—— pella, 193.
—— superbus, 193. trochilus, Sylvia, 162. Troglodytes bewickii, 180.
Tropic Bird, Red-tailed, 54, 70.
Bird, White-tailed, 69. tropica, Fregetta, 50, 67.
Tropidorhynchus corniculatus, 105.
| Trynga alba, 26. | Tryngites, 124, 125, 129.
tubulata, Fregetta, 67.
Tui, 63.
tumulator, Megapodius, 166. tumulificus, Megapodiuz, 166. tumulorum, Megapodius, 166. tumulus, Megapodius, 166. Turdus alpinus, 160. cristatus, 112.
—— dauma major, 144. horsfieldi, 144. leucophrys, 120.
—— leucotis, 120.
—— major, 144.
—— melanops, 120.
—— montanus, 132.
—— orientalis, 144.
—— puniceus, 26.
—— ruficollis, 160.
—— sibiricus, 160.
—— superciharis, 140.
—— torquatus orientalis, 144. —— varius, 137, 144, 145. viscivorus, 144.
—— xanthopygos, 140. Turnagra capensis, 63.
—— tanaegra, 63.
Turnix maculosa, 77. Turnstone, 56, 74, 181. Turtur, 164, 191.
turtur, Columba, 164.
——, Pseudoprion, 52, 68. Twenty-eight, 85.
Typhon sumatranus, 80. tyrannulus, Sericornis, 97. Tyto, 112.
—— alba, 84.
—— longimembris, 84. novehollandiz, 84.
ultramarina, Aleedo, 194. undulata, Scolopax, 129. undulatus, Melopsittacus, 84. unicolor, Cyanorhamphus, 61. ——, Cypselus, 179.
——, Hematopus, 56, 74, 111. , Stomioptera, 104. Uragus, 188.
Uraleyon sylvia, 89.
urinatrix, Pelecanoides, 52, 68. Uroaétus audax, 83, 116. Urodynamis taitensis, 61, 110. uropyegialis, Acanthiza, 97. Urospiza fasciata, 83, Utamania, 193,
INDEX.
validirostris, Melithreptus, 102. varia, Sitta, 180.
variegata, Casarca, 58. ———,, Fulica, 134.
, Motacilla, 132. variegatus, Certhionyx, 103. varigata, Motacilla, 132. varius, Hypoleucus, 53, 111. ——, Marianornis, 77.
——, Psephotus, 85.
——., varius, Psephotus, 85. —, Turdus, 137, 144, 145. velox, Alphaturnia, 77. ventralis, Microtribonyx, 76. venustus, Platycercus, 85. vereda, Eupodella, 56, 74. versicolor, Austropitta, 90. ——, Dorothina, 104.
——, Neostrepera, 100.
= , Psitteuteles, 87. Vetola, 124, 129.
—— hxemastica, 55.
—— lapponica, 55, 72. Vidgenia castaneiventris, 88. Vidua parauisea, 180. vieilloti, Sphecotheres, 95. violaceus, Ptilonorhynchus, 107. Virago castanea, 59, 80. —— gibberifrons, 59, 80. virescens, Dorothina, 104. virginiana, Bubo, 180.
——, Ortyx, 179. viscivorus, Turdus, 144. vittata, Amaurodryas, 92. ——, Pachyptila, 52, 68, 116. ——, Procellaria, 166.
——-, Sterna, 54.
vulgaris, Fringilla, 132. ——, Otus, 180.
——, Regulus, 162.
Vultur, 185.
Vulture, Sociable, 180.
Waetail, Yellow, 105.
wallicus, Pezoporus, 84.
Warbler, Chatham Islands, 63.
——, Grass, 96.
——, Grey, 62.
Wasserhuhn, Braun und dunnschnab- lichten, 134.
——, Rostfarbige, 134.
Water-Hen, Black-tailed, 76.
Wattle-Bird, 105.
—-—, Brush, 105.
——, Red, 105.
——, Yellow, 64.
Waxwing, Bohemian, 180.
233
Weaver, Broadshafted Whidah, 180.
Wedge-Bill, 100.
Wee Juggler, 86.
Weka, 57.
westernensis, Creadion paradoxus, 169.
Wherrybill, Yellow-breasted, 94.
Whimbrel, Australian, 55, 73.
——, Little, 55, 73.
| White-eye, 101.
——, Green-backed, 101. ——, Pale-bellied, 101. ——, Robust, 109.
—~—, Slender-billed, 110. ——, White-breasted, 110. ——, Yellow, 101.
| Whiteface, 100.
—~—-, Chestnut-breasted, 100.
——, Murchison, 100,
_ whitei, Lacustroica, 103.
Whitehead, 63. Whiteornis goodenovii, 91. Whitlocka melanota, 101.
| —— melanura, 101.
——-— ruta Love
Willow Wren, Smallest, 162. , Yellow, 162. Wilsonavis richmondi, 92. wilsoni, Calleas, 64. wilson, Sialia, 180.
| ——, Sterna, 181.
Wonga-wonga, 79. Woodcock, 173.
, American, 181. ————, Heino. Woodhen, 57, 109.
, Black, 57.
i _Brownetal.
Wood Ibis, 181.
| Woodpecker, Brazilian, 193.
-, Great Spotted, 193.
| —— east allo:
—., Pileated, 193. ———, Red-headed, 181. , White-billed, 193. Wood Swallow, 99. —— , Black-faced, 99. ——— —-—., [ittle, 99. —— ——, Masked, 99. —— ——, White-browed, 99. —-—~ ——, White-rumped, 99. woodwardi, Alphacincla, 99. ——-, Magnamytis, 99. Wren, Banded, 98.
-, Bewick’s, 180.
-, Black and White, 98. == —, Black and White Grass, 99.
23 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD.
Wren, Black-backed, 98.
—_—, Blue, 98.
——-—, Blue-breasted, 98. WSO MOS leis ——, Field, 96.
— , Grass, 98.
, Ground, 95.
———, Lake Eyre Grass, 99. ——., Lovely, 98.
——, Purple-crowned, 98. ——, Red-hbacked, 98. ——, Red-winged, 98. a OCI O2:
——, Stephens Islands, 62. ——, Striated Field, 96. ———, Striated Grass, 98. ——-, Western Ground, 95. -——, White-throated Grass, 99. —-—, White-winged, 98. —_—, Variegated, 98.
Xema lambrusehinii, 157. xanthocollis, Fringilla, 148. xanthoprocta, Pachycephala, 110. xanthopus, Planesticus, 109. xanthopygos, Turdus, 140. Xanthotis flaviventer, 105. Xenicus gilviventris, 62.
—— longipes, 62.
Xencorhynchus asiaticus, 81. Xerophila pectoralis, 9.
Xipidiorhynchus, 152. Xylocota, 129. ~
yarrellia, Motacilla alba, 132. yarrellii, Motacilla alba, 140. Yellowhead, 63.
yeltoniensis, Alauda, 158. Yephantes baltimore, 180. yorki, Philemon, 105.
Yunx, 190.
Ypsilophorus ypsilophorus, 77.
Zanclostomus, 190. Zanda baudinii, 86.
— funerea, 86, 116. Zanthomiza phrygia, 103. Zaporina galinella, 162. —— minuta, 135, 162. pusilla, 57, 76. Zenaida amabilis, 179. Zonxginthus bellus, 106. —— oculatus, 106. zonarius, Barnardius, 85. Zoniter tricolor, 74. Zonotrichia, 187. Zoonava francica, 90. —— fuciphaga, 90. Zosterops albiventris, 101. —— gouldi 101.
—— lateralis, 63, 101. -——— lutea, 101.
—— tephropleura, 109.
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