THE AUSTRAL AVIAN
RECORD.

Vol. V., No. 1. Juty 177TH, 1922.
CONTENTS. PAGE
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS x a K - 1
Notes oF INTEREST re x: i a ie 10
JAROCKI AGAIN a x ie a - ae 20)
THomas WATLING, ARTIST a ft ee bie ste

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
By Grecory M. MarHews.

Check List, p. 7.
Add to synonymy of Pedionomus torquatus
PEDIONOMUS OCELLATUS Pompper, Die Saugethiere Vogel
und Amphibien . . . geog. Verb., p. 33, (pref. Mch.) 1841 ;
nn. Apparently error only.
The bird described in my Birds of Australia, Vol. I., p. 105,
pl. 22, can be called Ptilinopus regina yorki, subsp. n. :
Cape York, North Queensland.

Check List, p. 12. Manual, p. 257. Add
GEOPHAPS SCRIPTA PENINSUL@ H. L. White, Emu, Vol. XXI.,
pt. 3., p. 163, Jan. 14, 1922: Cape York.

Check List, p. 20.
Alter Reinholdia reinholdi to REINHOLDIA GAVIA.

[Procellaria gavia Forster, Descr. Anim. ed Licht, p. 148
(pref. Jan. Ist), 1844: Queen Charlotte’s Sound, New Zealand. ]

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Ky ing
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ar of ted

2 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. V.

In my Birds of Australia, Vol. I1., pt. 1., p. 72, May 30, 1912,
I discussed Puffinus ltherminieri nugax from off Townsville,
Queensland, collected by Solander during his famous voyage
with Banks. In the Manual of the Birds of Australia, p. 25,
March 9, 1921, Iredale and I say that we considered this
name to refer to Reinholdia reinholdi.

I now wish to record that a specimen of this last-mentioned
bird was picked up dead on the beach in New Caledonia by
the late Mr. P. D. Montagu in 1914. It has all the upper-
surface, including the head, side of neck, back, upper tail-
coverts, tail and wing sooty; all the under-surface, including
the wing and tail-coverts white; the feet and legs coloured
the same as those of Reinholdia reinholdi. Wing 197 mm.,
culmen 32, tail 59, tarsus 41. This can be called Reinholdia
reinholdi montaguei subsp. n.=Reinholdia gavia montaguei.

The Committee of the Royal Australasian Ornithologists’
Union have also considered the matter of Puffinus gavia Forster
and have concluded that the description of the upper coloration
given by Forster “‘ Cewrulescenti-nigra”’ applies to the bird in
the fresh state. The vernacular name of this species was given
by Godman as “‘ Brown-backed Petrel ”’ and all the specimens
available in 1910 were “‘ brown,” so I rejected Forster’s name
as inapplicable to this species. Under the new circumstances
that the “ Brown-backed Petrel” is blue-black when alive
I revert to the Forsterian specific name and the names will
then read :

REINHOLDIA GAVIA GAVIA (Forster.)
Check List, p. 37.

Alter references of Leptorhynchus, a synonym of Cladorhyn-
chus, to

LEPTORHYNCHUS Du Bus, L’Institut, Vol. III., No. 103,
p. 138, April 29, 1835. Type (by monotypy); L. pectoralis
Du Bus.

Leptorhynchus pectoralis on p. 38, earliest reference reads :

-Leptorhynchus pectoralis Du Bus, L’Institut., Vol. IIL.,

No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 3

‘No. 103, p. 138, April 29, 1835: New Holland (locality
designated Victoria.)

Check List, p. 50.
Add to synonymy of Spatherodia regia

PLATALEA MELANORHYNCHUS “ Reichenbach”’ Pompper,
Die Saugethiere Vogel und Amphibien . . . geog. Verb. p. 33
(pref. Mch.) 1841, nom nud.

(This suggests Reichenbach published his name still earlier,
so that it may yet prove to have priority over Gould’s name.)

H. Pompper in his work “Die Séugethiere, Vogel und
Amphibien nach ihrer geographischen Verbreitung tabellarisch
zusammengestellt,’’ published in 1841, the preface dated
March, dealing with Australian birds, quoted p. 33, Platalea
melanorhynchus Reichenbach, Anas poecilothorax Reichenb.
and Pedionomus ocellatus Gould. The last named seems to be
due to a confusion of the two new genera Pedionomus and
Leipoa which had just been published by Gould, and using the
Specific name of the last named with the first named genus
name omitted Lezpoa altogether from his Essay.

The quotation of Reichenbach in 1841 suggested the early
publication by Reichenbach of the above names. There is a
tract in the Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) entitled ‘“‘ Praktisch-
gemeinnutzige Naturgeschichte der Vogel des In-und Auslandes
von H. G. L. Reichenbach.” This is dated 1836 and is a
16-page list of pages, referring to published “ Kupfersammlung,
erster Theil mit 408 Abbildungen der Schwimmvogel.”’

On the last page and the last numbers is noted

** 407, 408. Die scheckbrustige Schopf-Ente. Anas pecilo-
thorax Rchb. Canard morillon a poitrine tachetée.”

I have not yet seen the Kupfersammlung but the name is
here recorded so that we must look for it as apparently some
alteration will be necessary.

Reichenbach also used his own Platalea melanorhynchus for
the Gouldian regia, and as he was a prioritarian it suggests the
earlier publication of Reichenbach’s name in this case also.

+ THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. V.

Check List, p. 67.
Add to synonymy of Urospiza fasciata
Fatco camus “Lath. MS8.,’ Strickland’s Ornithological
Synonyms, p. 111, Nov. 1, 1855, based on Lambert Drawing,
Vor Ti. “No. 7.

Check List, p. 67.
Add to synonymy of Accipiter cirrhocephalus
Fatco striatus “ Lath. MS.,” Strickland’s Ornithological
Synonyms, p. 111, Nov. 1, 1855, based on Lambert Drawing,
Vol. II., No. 1.

Check List, p. 69.
Add to synonymy of Cuncuma leucogaster
Fatco aguinus “Lath. MS.,” Strickland’s Ornithological
Synonyms, p. 53, Nov. 1, 1855, based on Lambert Drawing,
Vol. II., No. 2.

Check List, p. 71.
Add to synonymy of Falco longipennis
FaLco SUBBUTEOIDES “Jameson,” Strickland’s Ornitho-
logical Synonyms, p. 89, Nov. 1, 1855, cited in synonymy.

Check List, p. 101. |
Add to synonymy of Genus Micropus
ApopiIuM Rafinesque, Principes fondamentaux de Somiologie,
p. 29, 1814: new name for Apus Cuyv., 7.e. Scopoli.

Check List, p. 106.
The earliest reference of Menura magnifica is
Menura magnifica “ Shaw,’ Deleuze, Hist. et descr. Mus.
Royal d’hisi. nat. (Paris), Vol. II., p. 449, June 28, 1823:
Nouvelle Hollande.
Menura magnifica Deleuze, ib., English edition, Vol. IL,
p. 346, Aug. 9, 1823: New Holland.

Birds of Australia, Vol. VII. p. 329.
The bird described by me as Vidgenia castaneiventris Gould,
immature, may be called Vidgenia yorki sp. n. This bird is

rl 3{

No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 5

figured in the same vol., plate 366, top figure; and in Vol.
VIII, p. 443, for Smicrornis brevirostris occidentalis Mathews,
read S. b. bonaparter new name.

Birds of Australia; Vol. VII, p. 312. For Cacomantis
rubricatus (Latham) read
CACOMANTIS RUFULUS (Vieillot) 1817.

Birds of Australia, Vol. VIII., p. 97. For Littlera chrysoptera
read.
LITTLERA PH@NICEA.
and on p. 103 read
LITTLERA PH@NICEA PH@NICEA (Gould).

LITTLERA PH@NICEA ALBICANS (Mathews).
LITTLERA PH@NICEA TASMANICA subsp. n.

The Tasmanian bird is a deeper, redder colour on the under-
surface ; the upper-surface is greyer.

p. 105. Add to the synonymy of Hrythrodryas rodinogaster
(Drapiez, 1819)

MUSCICAPA CHRYSOPTERA Quoy et Gaimard, 1830.

The necessity for the above two changes was brought
to my notice by the Check List Committee of the Royal
Australasian Ornithologists Union.

Birds of Australia, Vol. IX., pt. 5., p. 203. Add to the
synonymy of Samuela alisteri (Mathews)

CINCLOSOMA ALISTERI NULLARBORENSIS Campbell, Emu,
Vol. XXI., pt. 3., p. 161, Jan. 14, 1922: Nullarbor
Plains, East of West Australia.

List (1913), p. 202. To synonymy of P. ruficeps add

POMATORHINUS PILEATUS Blyth, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal,
Vol. XXXII., 1863, p. 453, “1864,” from Melbourne
Institution (I select as type locality Broken Hill, New South
Wales).

6 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD (Vol: Yi

p. 213. Add

ACANTHIZA PUSILLA NULLARBORENSIS H. L. White, Emu,
Vol. XXI., pt. 3., p. 164: Nullarbor Plains, East of West
Australia.

p. 241, Add

GYMNORHINA TIBICEN EYLANDTENSIS H. L. White, 7b.,
p. 163: Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory.

List, p. 250.

The type of Climacteris is not by original designation as the
genus included two species, and Gray, List Genera Birds, Ist
ed., p. 18, 1840, selected C. picumnus. Through the confusion
of the names, picumnus being used for the bird now known as
leucophea, a new genus name was given to picumnus Temm.,
which was wrong. I now propose the genus name Cormobates
for Latham’s Certhia leucophea as determined as equivalent
to Climacteris scandens Temminck and Laugier and a rearrange-
ment of names and also forms is necessary.

Genus Climacteris.
Type C. picumnus Temm. & Laug.

Climacteris picumnus and subspecies.
Climacteris picumnus picumnus.
Climacteris picumnus victorice
Climacteris picumnus australis
Climacteris waitei

Climacteris rufa and subspecies
Climacteris rufa rufa
Climacteris rufa obscura
Climacteris rufa orientalis

Climacteris melanota and subspecies
Climacteris melanota melanota
Climacteris melanota barroni

Cormobates leucophea and subspecies
Cormobates leucopheea leucophea
Cormobates leucophea grisescens
Cormobates minor

No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 7

Cormobates erythrops and subspecies
Cormobates erythrops erythrops
Cormobates erythrops olinda

Cormobates affinis and subspecies
Cormobates affinis affinis
Cormobates affinis parsonst
Cormobates affinis superciliosa
Cormobates affinis neositta

Whitlocka melanura and subspecies
Whitlocka melanura melanura
Whitlocka melanura alexandree
Whitlocka melanura wellsi

I am admitting C. waztei at present though F. E. Howe has
published his suggestion that itis based on immature specimens.
As Howe indicated rufa must be transferred from Whitlocka
to Climacteris and so must melanota, leaving Whitlocka as a
very distinct genus, the immature birds being wholly
black.

I am.allowing C. minor as a distinct species and am also
separating the White-browed and Red-browed birds as distinct
. Species, but unfortunately North’s name swperciliosa was
anticipated by Blyth, who proposed

CLIMACTERIS AFFINIS, Journ. Asiatic Society Bengal, Vol.

XXXII., 1863, p. 453, “ 1864.”

for a bird received from the Melbourne Institution, probably
procured at Broken Hill, New South Wales, which I have
selected as the type locality.

DIPARDALOTUS gen. nov. Type Pardalotus rubricatus yorki
Mathews.

SUGOMEL gen nov. Type Myzomela nigra ashby Mathews.

List, p. 286. Add

MYZANTHA OBSCURA ORTONI Ashby, Emu, Vol. XXI., pt. 4,
p. 254, April, 1922: Moora, 100 miles north of Perth, West
Australia, and the same inland,

i

8 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. V.

List, p. 312.
CRASPEDOPHORA MAGNIFICA YORKI, subsp. n. Cape York.

Differs from C. p. claudia Mathews, in having the throat and
upper-breast less green and the feathers more pointed.
This is necessary, as alberti is preoccupied by Ptilornis
alberti Gray, Handl. Gen. Sp. Birds, pt. I, p. 105, 1869,
=Feb. 2, 1870 as synonym of C. magnificus.

List p. 315. Add to synonymy of Neostrepera versicolor

BaARITA GRISEUS Quoy & Gaimard Frorieps Notizen Bd. 12,
No. 253, col. 166, Dec. 1825: Port Jackson, New South
Wales.

id., Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris, Vol. 5, p. 484, 1825 (1826).

id., Voy. de ’Uranie et la Physic Zool. Add p. 711,
June 14, 1826.

List, p. 208.
LEACHENA CROCEA BOWERI subsp. n.

Differs from JL. crocea in its lighter EPS AEE (olive-
brown) and the yellow under-surface being not so pronounced.
The female differs from the female of crocea in having the
head, neck all round, and throat almost lacking any yellow
colour. Type: Fitzroy River, North-west Australia.

Cerchneis unicolor Milligan.

The following description was taken from the type, cf.
Mathews Birds of Australia, Vol. V., pt. 3, May 23rd, 1916,
plate 257 :—

Adult male.—General colour above rich fawn, or deep
cinnamon rufous, including the head, back, wings and tail ;
the feathers of the head with narrow black shaft-lines, which
widen out on the hind neck and mantle, more broadly on the
scapulars and wing-coverts, where they become spear-shaped ;
the median and greater wing-coverts and innermost-secondaries
barred with black ; bastard-wing dark brown margined with
rufous ; primary-coverts dark brown spotted and margined
with rufous, more broadly at the tips; primary-quills dark

No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 9

brown coarsely notched with buffy white on the inner webs,
the inner primaries spotted on either web and tipped with
rufous; the secondaries similar but more coarsely marked
and deeply toothed with buffy white on the inner webs; tail
like the back, but somewhat paler, and barred with black and
a broad subterminal dark band and buffy white tips; a
narrow black eye-brow ; base of forehead tinged with grey ;
a dark spot immediately below the fore part of the eye; ear-
coverts grey with dark shaft-lines; under-surface pale
cinnamon rufous, including the under wing-coverts and under
tail-coverts, the latter rather darker, with dark shaft-lines on
the breast, sides of body, and axillaries. Culmen light reddish-
blue, cere light blue with yellow tinge; tarsi and feet pea-
green. Total length 298 mm.¢; culmen, from hinder part of
cere, 15; wings clipped; tail 135; tarsus 39; middle toe
and claw, 33. Figured in my Birds of Australia, Vol. V.,
pl. 257. Collected at Yalgoo, West Australia, January 1904.

In Vol. IV., p. 116, opposite “ p. 67,” for Leracidea berigora read
FALCO LONGIPENNIS Swainson, 1838.

Check List, p. 73: List (1913), p. 114.
Add to synonymy of Spiloglaux noveseelandiae

STRIX NOVEZHOLLANDIZ ‘“‘ Lath. MS.,” Strickland‘s Ornitho-
logical Synonyms, p. 165, Nov. 1, 1855, as synonym
of Athene boobook, Latham.

10 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. V.

NOTES OF INTEREST.
By Grecory M. Matuews.
TITIAN PEALE’S BIRD VOLUME.

THE VIIIth volume of the United States Expl. Exped., written
by Peale, is famed on account of its rarity and the number of
new specific names therein proposed. The copy in the British
Museum bears a label—‘‘ Presented by the Congress of the
United States to the Government of Great Britain.” On
pp. ix. to xi. there is a “List of Plates, I. to LX XXIV,”
which never appeared in this connection, being re-arranged
and altered, and 42 plates only issued under the editorship
of J. Cassin. On p. xii. is a “ List of Woodcuts,” and
pp. Xiii. to xxv. give the contents, thus :

p. xv. Buteo solitaria. p. 62. Reference to pl. XVI.

Circus juxta. p. 64. 5 pt) Se
Falco ferox. p. 67. ~ pens? 4500 P
and so on,

In the text on p. 64 Circus approximans is described and
this is the name this Harrier still bears. Apparently it should
be known as Circus juata as this name has anteriority and a
direct reference is given. Dr. Richmond favoured me with
this item and it is now placed on record at his request.

There does not seem any other complication, but at the end
there is a Catalogue of the Specimens of Mammalia and Birds
collected, where appears, p. 308, Astur ferox Peale N.S. W. ; p. 315,
Barita cinerea Peale N.S. W. ; p. 326, Dacelo albifrons Peale N.Q. ;
and p. 332, Scolopaxz holmesii. The two former do not appear
to be otherwise mentioned, but the two latter appear as MS.
names in synonymy on p. 160 under Dacelo vagans, and on
p. 229 under Gallinago aucklandica respectively. Two other
MS. names are noted in synonymy: p. 292, Thalassidroma
plumbea, Peale MS., as synonym of 7. furcata Hinds, pl.
LXXVII. ; and p. 295, Procellaria candida, Peale MS.,under P.
nivea, pl. LXxxt., from 64° §., 104° W., the latter doubtfully.

No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 11

BRITISH MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS.

As heretofore noted, the date of the preface was intended
for date of publication, but often this rule was not adhered to.
However, there is a series preserved in the British Museum
(Natural History) with the date of receipt written therein.
This seems to be of importance, so the following notes are
here given.
Date of
Preface date. Receipt.

List Spec. Birds B.M.:

Pt. 1., Accipitres Feb. 12, 1844
2nd ed. Feb. 12, 1848 Mar. 28, 1848
11., Sect. I. Fissirostris 1848 Nov. 6. 1848
1., Galline Gralle, ete. 1844*
111., Sect. I., Ramphastide 1855 Nov. 6, 1855

II., Psittacide Mar. 1, 1859 May 28, 1859
III. and IV.7 Jan. 1868 Apr. 23, 1869

Iv., Columbe Apr. 12, 1856 May 16, 1856
v., Gallinet 1867 Mar. 20, 1867
List Spec. Brit. Anim., B.M.:
Pt. m1, Birds 1850 July 26, 1850
Ix., Eggs Brit. Birds Feb. 16, 1852 Mar. 20, 1852
Cat. Brit. Birds Coll., B.M. 1863 Mar. 30, 1864
Cat. Mamm. Birds Nepal Pres.,
Hodgs, B. M. .. . Dec. 10, 1846
2nd ed. 3 Jan. 5, 1863 Sept. 14, 1863
Cat. Mamm. Birds New Guinea,
B.M. Ss i} 4 Dea, I) 1858. Fete, & 859
Cat. Birds Trop. Isl. Pac. Ocean,
B.M. i oe ... Oct. 1, 1859. Mar. 7, 1860

* Received by the Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. on or before Oct. 2nd, 1844.

{t Taylor & Francis state that actually the List Spec., pt. m1., sect, 11. &
Iv. was published on Feb. 27, 1868, and pt. v. was issued on March 6, 1867.

12 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. V.

Date of
Preface date. Receipt.
Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds B. M..,

G. R. Gray % .. Apr. 6, 1855 Apr. 18, 1855
Handl. Gen. Sp. Birds, BM.

G. R. Gray, pt. 1. .. May 10, 1869 Feb. 2, 1870

i. .. Nov. 9, 1870 Nov. 23, 1870

III. .. duly 8, 1871 Aug. 18, 1871

It will be seen from the preceding that most of the books
were issued soon after the preface date, and the noteworthy
case is that of the Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, which proves to
have been issued very near the preface date.

The first five volumes of the Catalogue Birds Brit. Museum
also show the receipt dates as follows :—

Vol. I. Prefacedate. June1,1874. Received July 2, 1874

LE Dec. 1875. Dec. 14, 1875
IT: June 1877. July 24, 1877
IV. March 1879 March 26, 1879
V. Jan. 14, 1881 Sept. 5, 1881

The last now needs investigation, but I hope to get correct
details of the whole series later.

REICHENBACH, CABANIS & BONAPARTE.

In Wiegmann’s Archiv. fiir Naturg., pt. 11, for 1849, Hartlaub

includes “‘ Avium Systema Naturale. Das natiirliche System

der Vogel. Mit 100 Tafeln Abbildungen der Kennzeichen der

bis jetzt entdeckten 925 Gattungen aller Welttheile”’ ist der

Titel. . . . dessen erste Halfte, 50 Kupfertafeln umfassend,

vor uns leigt. Der Text fehlt noch und somit die Berechtigung

zu einem eigentlichen Urtheil.”’

The following are the only notices I have :—

p-. 56. ‘“‘ Reichenbach anderte den Namen Hylomanes sehr
willkiihrlichin Momotula um: Syst. Av. nat., t. 48.”

p: 57. “Reichenbach dagegen creirt in seinem ‘Av. System.
Natur.’ fiir Troch. recurvirostis u.s.w. die Gattung
Avocettula, tir stephanoides die Gatt. Hustephanus,

No. 1.} THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 13

fir platura u.s.w. die Gatt. Steganurus, fir aquila
die Gatt. Hutoxeres, fiir Underwoodii die Gatt.
Eriocnemis (Spathura, Gould) u.s.w.—Jedenfalls
wird es die schénste Confusion geben.”

p. 58. “Fir Orthonyx icterocephalus Lafr. (Muscic. ochro-
cephala Gm.) criert Reichenbach die Gattung
Clitonyx, obgleich auch schon Less. diesen Vogel
unter dem Namen Mohoua generisch gesondert
latuea Aye syeu. Natur.t. 38° =

p. 63. ‘‘ Reichenbach bildet fiir Phanicophaeus Cumingu
die Gattung Lepidogrammus: Av. Syst. Natur.
t. 47.”

p. 66. ‘‘ Reichenbach erhebt Podiceps gularis von Neuholland
zur Gattung Tachybaptus: Av. System. Natur. t. 2.”

Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., Vol. I., p. 518, 1850, synonymised.
Byrseus Reich with Hypoloxias Licht, but carefully noted
“ex specimine.”’

On p. 19 of the Catal. Coll. Birds Strickland by Salvin 1882
there is a footnote to Hypergerus Reichenbach, Av. Syst., pl. Liv,
1850, which reads “No types whatever are indicated under
the generic names introduced in this work of Reichenbach’s.
But the names of the types were, I believe, communicated by
letter to G. R. Gray, and published by him in his “ Catalogue
of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds (1855).”

In view of this statement it is interesting to cite Gray’s
types of the names recorded by Hartlaub :—

Hartlaub. Gray.

Momotula for Hylomanes Missing
Avocettula Troch. recurvirostris Ornismya avocetta

Less.
Kustephanus Troch. stephanoides ‘Trochilus galeritus

Mol.
Steganurus Troch. platura Trochilus addze

Boure.
EKutoxeres Troch. aquila Trochilus aquila

Lodd.

14 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. V.

Hartlaub. Gray.
Eriocnemis Troch. underwoodi Ornismya __ vestita
Long.
Clitonyx Muscic. ochrocephala Muscicapa ochro-
cephala Gm.
[as of 1853]
Lepidogrammus Phcenicophzus Dasylophus
cumingii cumingii Fras.
Tachybaptus Podiceps gularis Colymbus minor
Gm.

Again Cabanis, Mus. Hein., Vol. I., uses a lot of Reichenbach’s
names, and these may date from that entry, as there can be
little or no certainty in the identification of the figures given
by Reichenbach. Thus Gray in 1855, p. 75, includes

“ Periporphyrus Reichenb. 1850. Loxia erythromelas Gm.
Caryothraustes Reichenb. 1850. Pitylus atroolivaceus Lafr.”

Cabanis, p. 144, used Caryothraustes Reichb. 1850 for C.
viridis Nob=C. cayanensis Briss. =Coccothraustes viridis Vieill.
and C. brasiliensis Nob with a footnote “ Der brasilische Vogel
ist in allen Dimensionen groésser als der von Cayenne, welcher
nach Linné zuerst von Vieillot benannt wurde.—Pitylus atro-
olivaceus Lafr. gehort wahrscheinlich nicht zu Caryothraustes,
sondern als Weibchen zu Periporphyrus atropurpuratus (Lafr.)”

This is probably with reference to some discussion unknown,
as Bonaparte p. 503 had included Periporphyrus Reichenb.
1850 with two species Pitylus atropurpuratus Lafr. and Loxia
erythromelas Gm. and Caryothraustes Reichenb. 1850 with
Pitylus atro-olivaceus Lafr., Fringilla episcopus Licht. and
Loxia canadeneis L.=cayanensis Bp.

A good instance of the confusion even at that time is seen in
the instance of Prosecusa. Cabanis used this (p. 110) as of
Reichenb. 1850 for Lanius melanocephalus Gm. and in a footnote
stated “Typus der Gattung. ist P. chalcocephala=Izxos
chalcocephalus Temm.”

Gray, in 1855, p. 47, cited Prosecusa Reichenb. 1850 as a
synonym of Brachypodius Bl. 1845 with type Lanius melano-

No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 15

cephalus Gmel., and then on p. 58 recorded: ‘“‘ Prosecusa Cab.
1851, et p. Reichenb. 1850” with type T'urdus chalcocephalus
Temm., but did not use it for the latter, although this to-day
seems its correct usage.

The correct sequence of the Reichenbach names then appears
to be as follows :—

Reichenbach 1849-1850. Accurately undeterminable.
Bonaparte 1850. Consp. Gen. Av.

Cabanis 1851. Mus. Heine, Vol. I.
Reichenbach himself. 1852-3.
Gray 1855. Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds.

Hartlaub in the Bericht. des Jahres, 1851, p. 4, wrote:
“Dr. J. Cabanis ist eifrig beschaftigt mit der Anfertigung
eines ‘rasonnirenden Catalog’s ’ der ausgezeichneten ornitho-
logischen Sammlung des Oberamtmanns F. Heine auf St.
Burchard bei Halberstadt. Von dieser sehr inhaltreichen und
wichtigen Arbeit sind bereits an 150 Seiten gedruckt, und wir
kénnen uns um so weniger versagen, derselben hier schon
vor dem Erscheinen mit einigen Worten zu gedenken, als bei
dem etwas weitlaiiftig angelegten Plane des Buches leicht
noch einige Zeit bis zur Beendigung desselben vergehen
mochte.”’

In the Bericht ...des Jahres 1852 Hartlaub, p. 27,
records : ‘‘ Dr. J. Cabanis ‘ Museum Heineanum,’ 1 Vol. 8, 233
Seiten.”

For 1860, p. 41, is written “Von J. Cabanis’ ‘Museum
Heineanum’ erschein endlich! ein zweiter die Clamatores
umfassender Theil. 175 8.”

For 1861, p. 52, states “‘ Von Cabanis und F. Heine’s
‘Museum Heineanum’ ist mit dem dritten Theile, die Strisores
umfassend, der erste Band beendigt.”’

In the Bericht, 1863, p. 3: ‘“‘ Auch Cabanis und Heine’s
‘Museum Heineanum’ hatte erfreulichen Fortgang. Hin
vierter Theil’? and here occurs the historic phrase ‘“ Furor

genericus in stadio incrementi’ sometimes credited to Dr.
P. L. Sclater.

16 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. V.

Consequently many generic names at present credited to
Cabanis 1850 as was done by Gray, Cat. Gen. & Subgen.
Birds, 1855, were first published by Bonaparte in the Consp.
Gen. Av. 1850, but probably all have the same types as fixéd
by Gray: thus eg. :—

Thamnolea Cab. 1850, Bonap. C.G.A., 1.,
p. 302, type as fixed by Gray.

Myrmecocichla __,, 302 do.

Dromoleza Es 302 do.

Myiothlypis ij 311 do.

Lioptilus 5 332 do. and monotypic.
Hemithraupis * 311, type by Cabanis, p. 21.

While the following names given by Reichenbach appear
to be first legitimately used by Bonaparte in the C.G.A.,
Vol. I. :-—

Gymnomystax Reichb. 1850 p. 431. Type as given by Gray,
also monotypic.

Cyrtotes p. 437. Do, do.

Quelea p. 445. Do. do.

Foudia p. 445. Do.

Steganura p- 449. Do.

Tetranura p. 449. Gray makes syn. of
Vidua.

Coryphegnathus p. 450. Type as given by Gray.

Padda p. 451. Given by Gray as syn.
of Oryzornis Cab. 1857.

Maja p- 451. Tautonymic type.

Steganopleura p. 456. Type Gray 1855, p. 76,
F. bichenovii V. and H.

Volatinia p. 473. Not cited by Gray.

Chlorornis p. 492 as syn. of Psittospiza Bp.

1849.

No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 17

Pheuticus p. 504. As syn. of Coccoborus
Cab. ex Sw.

Callacanthis p. 507. Type as given by Gray.

Tephrospiza p. 519. As syn. of Poliospiza
Schiff ¢.e. Bp.

Hartlaub’s records in Wiegmann’s Archiv. are not reliable
in doubtful cases as instance: Bericht. des Jahres 1850,
p. 57: “Falceunculus Gouldii Caban. Bp. Consp., p. 365
(Catal. Mus. Heine, p. 66), Siiddstl. Neuholland.”’

Bonaparte’s page 361 is dated “4 Maii. 1850” and Bona-
parte does not quote Cabanis’ page but * the species as new,
writing “‘ F. gouldi Caban. (frontatus Gould) Austr. IL., t. 79,
ex Austr. m. or.”

Cabanis has F. gouldi Nob. on p. 66, but in a footnote to
53 quotes Bonaparte’s Consp. pag 320.

Further, Hartlaub, p. 59, cites “ Alauda clot bey Bp., p. 242
(Ist eins mit Hierapterhina Cavaignacii Desm. 1851).” The
latter was published in Jan. 1851 and is included in the 1851
record, p. 30.

It is obvious, therefore, that Hartlaub included data of
unpublished items in his yearly accounts and this must always
be borne in mind while using his Records.

DESCR. CATAL. SPEC. NAT. HIST. IN SPIRIT,
MUS. ROYAL COLL. SURGEONS ENGLAND, 1859.

No authority is given for the various names included in this
work, various names as J. KE. Gray, Owen, Gerard and James
being referred to in the Preface.

Of great interest to Australian workers is the paragraph on
p. ii. of the Preface: ‘‘ Many of the specimens now included
in this Volume, besides being of great rarity, are interesting
from the fact of their being the first of the kind brought to
this country ; amongst them may be included many of the
originals described and figured in ‘ White’s Journal,’ and in
the ‘ Zoology of New Holland,’ and more especially those
presented to Mr. Hunter by Sir Joseph Banks in 1792, which

18 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. V.

had been collected by Dr. Solander and himself, in their
voyage round the world with Captain Cook.”
As an Appendix includes some names of Australian Birds,
these are here given.
p. 146. 7194. <A species of Columba (Columba Talla Shaw).
Fig. Shaw MS. in Coll. of Surgeons.
Hab. New Holland.
729s. The Merops calva Shaw.
Fig. Shaw MS. in Coll. of Surgeons.
Hab. New Holland.

752a. The Motacilla acanthura Shaw.
(Sylvia acanthura Lath.)
Fig. Shaw MS. in Coll. of Surgeons.
Hab. New Holland.

* * * *

STRICKLAND’S ORNITHOLOGICAL SYNONYMS.

In Ornithological Synonyms by Strickland, published Nov. 1,
1855, the Latin names written by Latham on the Drawings in
Lord Derby’s possession, the original “ Lambert”? drawings,
are quoted in synonymy and these appear to differ from the
names subsequently published by Latham.

p. 53. F(alco) aquilus Lath., New 8. Wales, Dr. ii., p. 69.
No. 2
as syn. of Haliaétus leucogaster Gm.
p. 89. Falco lunatus Lath., New South Wales, ea gO
Dr ni No: 3
as syn. of Falco lunulatus Lath.
Falco subbuteoides Jameson is also cited as a synonym.
p- 111. Falco camus Lath., New S. Wales, Dr. ii., p. 67.
No. 7
as syn. of Accipiter approximans (Vigors).
Falco striatus Lath., New S. Wales, Dr. ii., p. 87.
No. 1
as syn. of Accipiter melanops (Latham)
1801 used for Falco torquatus Temm.

a a

- ——————

No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 19

p. 165. Strix novehollandiz Lath. N.S. Wales, p. 75.
De ik. Noss
as syn. of Athene boobook Lath.

In a Catalogue of Books published by Mr. Van Voorst, dated
London, December 1860, there appears an advertisement of
this book “ Vol. I., containing the Order Accipitres, 12s. 6d.
Vol. II. in the press.” As far as I know the second volume
was never published, but our friend Captain H. 8. Gladstone
has allowed the examination of a copy in his possession, formerly
belonging to the late Dr. P. L. Sclater, which consists of the
first volume and bound up with two sheets of Vol. I. Quaritch,
from whom this was bought, has written “All published ” but
on what authority I know not. The two sheets are signatured.
B and C and apparently are paged proofs sent to Dr. Sclater
for his assistance. The matter consists of the Family Capri-
mulgide, covering the genera Steatornis, Podargus, Batracho-
stomus, Nyctibius, Selochusa, Aigotheles, Caprimulgus, Antro-
stomus, Nyctidromus, Eleothreptus, Scotornis, Hydropsalis,
Macrodipteryx, Cosmetornis, Eurystopodus and part of
Chordeiles. On several pages the year 1859 is quoted.

MORE DATES.

Horsfield and Moore, Cat. Birds Mus. E. India Comp., Vol. IT.
(see ante Vol. IV., pt. 7). My copy has “Dr. Hartlaub. By
order of the Honble Court of Directors of the East India
Company, June 30th, 1858.”

The Calcutta Journal Nat. Hist. Vol. I., 1840-1841. My
copy has written on

Part I. ‘ Recd. Canton River, June 20th, 1840.”
Part II. “ Recd. Chusan, Sept. 14, 1840.”

20 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. V,

JAROCKI AGAIN.
By Grecory M. MatHEews AnD Tom IREDALE.

Our friend, Dr. C. W. Richmond, having acquired another
work by Jarocki, forwarded it to Mr. C. D. Sherborn and
requested us to report upon it as we had dealt with another
work by the same author. :

The present work was published in 1819, two years before
Jarocki published his Zoologiia, and presents a straightforward
little Synopsis of Birds, based on Cuvier’s system. It begins
with a dedication (2 pages), then ‘“ Laskawy Czytelniku !”’
(2 pages), and 1 page “ Tlomaczenie wyrazéw skréconych ”
(a list of abbreviations used for works cited), 1 page “‘ Ostrzezenie
(Corrections). Then follows 69 pages with the orders and
genera diagnosed in Polish with a list of species, names only,
in Latin with authority quoted. The equivalent of the
generic name in Latin is given in Polish, French, German and
English. The equivalent of the Latin specific name is given
in Polish only with the locality.

There are two new genera, two new species, a few new specific
names and some different spellings.

The title page reads “ Spis Ptakéw/w Gabinecie Zoologicznym
Krélewsko/Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu/znayduiacych sie/a
podlug/Naynowszego Systemu ustawionych/przez/F.P.
Rawicza Jarockiego/Nauk Wyzwolonych i Filozofii Doktora,
Professora Aktualnego Zoo-/logii, Fizyki i Astronomii w
Szkole Woiewédzkiéy Kaliskiéy, Czlon-/ka Towarzystwa
Mineralogicznego w Jenie, etc./w Warszawie/Nakladem i
Drukiem Zawadzkiego i Weckiego U-/przywileiowanych
Drukarzy i Ksiegarzy Dworu/Krélestwa Polskiego/1819.”

The new genera are
p. 21. Remizfor Parus pendulinus Gmelin alone.
p. 62. Hider for Anas mollissima Gmelin alone.

~—— 2
7

Se tS ot ie sar a eg
a Bey, i "P

No. 1.]

THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 21

The new species are

p. 14. Turdus atrogularis Europa. Fully described.

p. 46.

p.
p.

sired

9.

10.
al 2

15.

26.
30.

39.
40.
64.
The mis-spellings (or corrections) are

Tringa macroura Europa. Fully described.

While the new names are

Tichodroma erythroptera.
Icterus Trupial “ Br.” for Oriolus icterus Gmelin.

Pyrrhocorax alpensis “ Cuy.” for Corvus pyrrhocorax
Gmelin.

Myiothera melanocephala for Certhia spiza var. A. Lath.
Myiothera viridis do. C. Lath.

Pyrrhula rubra “ Br.” for Loxia pyrrhula Gmelin.
Bombycivoca americana. Nom. nud. America.
Gallus japonicus “ Br.” Nom. nud. Japan.
Perdix rufo-alba “ Br.”’ Nom. nud. Spain.
Kudites rufogularis (vel septentrionalis). Norway.

p. 8. Centhia for Certhia, p. 24 Cocothraustes, p. 30 Bombyci-
voca, and p. 38 Parvo, the last named being corrected to Pavo
in the corrections. —

22 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. V.

THOMAS WATLING, ARTIST.
By Grecory M. MatHews anv Tom [REDALE.

SOME years ago the name of 'T'. Watling came into prominence
in connection with Australian birds. Previous to the publica-
tion of the History of the Collections contained in the Natural
History Departments of the British Museum, Vol. II., there
does not seem to have been any mention of this artist. That
volume appeared in 1906, and therein Bowdler Sharpe gave
a full account of a long series of paintings just previously
acquired by that Institution. The account there given was
fully relied upon until a couple of years ago, when an
independent investigation undertaken in connection with the
histories of Australian artists proved its inaccuracy.

This later account appeared in the Journal and Proceedings
of the Royal Australian Historical Society, Vol. V., part v.,
when William Dixson (errore Dixon), only interested in the
facts concerning the early artists, published (p. 227) : “‘ Thomas
Watling, according to his own story, was convicted by a
Scotch jury, and sentenced to transportation.” ... “ My
employment is painting for J. W—— Esq., the non-descript
productions of the country.” Dixson correctly adds: “ This
is evidently John White, Surgeon-General to the Settlement.”

The present account is based on the suggestions provided
by Mr. Dixson, who wrote to the British Museum, making
inquiries regarding the Watling drawings. Mr. England,
who is in charge of these paintings, at once drew our attention
to this inquiry, as he had continually assisted us in our
investigation of the paintings in connection with Australian
birds, and together we searched for confirmation of Dixson’s
results. These were found and will probably also be published
by Mr. Dixson, but as his accounts fall outside the scope of
the general ornithologist we also make use of some of the items.

There can be no hesitation now in accepting the fact that
Thomas Watling was a convict who made numerous paintings
of scenery and especial objects of Natural History for John
White, and that moreover more than one of each object was
made, The distribution of these paintings when they arrived

= Ne. -1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 23

in England was probably in the hands of John White himself.
Further, probably White bought other paintings as well,
and naturally at that time would not discriminate between
the works of the various artists.

The series now in the British Museum (Natural History)
studied by Sharpe and well-known as the Watling drawings
were not all painted by Watling, but the work of at least three
distinct artists is included. The paintings made by Watling
himself are nearly all signed either T. Watling or Thos. Watling,
whereas none of the others have any signature whatever.
- Moreover, in connection with many of Watling’s paintings
notes concerning the birds are given, but none appear on the
ones not painted by Watling. The workmanship is quite
different, so that the pictures can be separated with ease
without reference to the signatures. In the British Museum
series the birds alone are indexed to the number of 295
drawings, but some of those are now missing. The list has
on the top edge “ This Catalogue was wrote by Dr. Latham,
author of the ‘General Synopsis of Birds,’ ’’ and through
this note Sharpe concluded that these paintings were the
“types” of the new species described by Latham from
‘Mr. Lambert’s Drawings,” and notes that these paintings
do not seem to have been the property of Mr. Lambert at
any time. Herein there appears a slight error on Sharpe’s
part, an excusable one under the circumstances, as the paintings
generally agree well with the descriptions. In his enthusiasm
Sharpe also wrote: “Up to the present time it has never
been known where Latham obtained the material for describing
so many Australian birds.” Sixty years previously the
Lambert drawings had been examined, discussed and reported
upon by the three greatest British ornithologists of their day,
G. R. Gray, J. Gould and H. Strickland.

The article appeared in the Annals Mag. Nat. Hist.,
Vol. XI., p. 189, et seq., March 1, 1843, and was entitled
“Some Rectification of the Nomenclature of Australian
Birds.” By George Robert Gray, Esq. “ British Museum
Dec. 14, 1842. My Dear Sir-—The Earl of Derby having
kindly lent me the three volumes of the drawings of Australian

24 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. V.

birds which were made by Mr. White, the author of the
‘Journal of New South Wales,’ formerly in the library of
the late Mr. A. B. Lambert, from whence Dr. Latham des-
cribed most of the Australian species published in the Supple-
ment to the ‘Synopsis of Birds and Index Ornithologicus,’
my brother has examined for me the synonyma of these
species, and I send you for insertion in the ‘ Annals’ the
result of his labours,’as they must be of considerable use to
those ornithologists who have not the opportunity of consult-
ing the original drawing. Mr. Strickland kindly assisted
my brother in comparing some of the figures with the specimens
in the collection of the British Museum. I am, my dear Sir,
Yours very truly, J. E. Gray.”

Then follows the determination of one hundred and fifteen
species, using the Lathamian names, as in the “ Names
proposed” very many were left undetermined.

Apparently Strickland was not satisfied with the con-
servatism of G. R. Gray, so he enlisted the services of Gould
and published more details in the same volume two months
later (p. 333, et seq.), stating that the paintings were 225 in
number, of which the first was a landscape, the next ten of
mammals and the rest birds. No title-page, date, or artist’s
name was found, and though they had been supposed to be
the work of John White, Gould differed: ‘‘ This is probably
a mistake; they were, perhaps, made by some convict.
Mr. Lambert told Mr. Prince, upon showing him the draw-
ings somg, time before his death, that they were made by
an artist in the colony for one of the governors, by whom
_ they were presented to Mr. Lambert.’ Strickland also
noted: “In 1800 they were borrowed by Dr. Latham, as
appears from an autograph letter from him to Mr. Lambert.”

Ten years ago the three volumes in the Library of the
Earl of Derby were examined, and the paintings considered
to be similar to the ones just previously determined by
Sharpe. In the library also is the following letter referred to
by Strickland, addressed “A. B. Lambert, Esq., No. 26,
Lower Grosvenor Street, Grosvenor Square, London. Dear
Sir,—I hope you will receive back safe your valuable books

tan

No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 25

of drawings which I mean to forward by to-morrow’s coach,
which is at Ye Bell Savage, Ludgate Hill. I have according
to my promise given a name to each bird, altho’ I have been
at much loss in respect to ye genus of many of them. Indeed,
even ye sizes in some cases have not been noticed, anymore
than ye manners. Independent of many circumstances not
possible to be assertained by delineations, unless aided by
accurate descriptions, and which, had ye painter been at all
versed in ornithology, he could not have failed to have
remarked in writing. I should therefore think it not un-
likely but in case ye specimens themselves should hereafter
come before you or me, we might alter our present opinion.
I do not suppose that any other notes in writing can be got
at besides those already in your possession, but if so, I should
advise you to take ye advantage of it. New subjects will
no doubt, from time to time arrive from New Holland, and
in such case you will do well to take the advantage of
procuring drawings at least of them, and you cannot do me
a greater favour than in granting me a view of them. If
it were possible to trace ye circumvolutions of ye trachea
in ye Anas semi-palmata I should be greatly pleased, and this
might be obtained either by bringing a specimen over whole
in spirits or by making accurate drawings of the parts on
the spot. I must observe to you that several of ye drawings
appear to me to have been taken from one and the same
species, and which you will find me to have noticed in more
places than one. The names I have given are such as struck
me to be best adapted, but I am not solicitous to impose
them on the world, especially as some persons seem to take
pleasure in altering the names of preceding describers, and
may do ye same by me, to which, as heretofore, I most readily
submit. Have only now to add my real thanks for your
great kindness, and remain, dear Sir, Most Sincerely Yours,
John Latham. Romsey, 26 Jan., 1800.
“T think you must receive your parcel to-morrow evening,
or on some part of Tuesday; if not, be so good as to enquire
for it, at ye Inn—and at all events make me easy by a line to
say it arrives safe, as its contents are too valuable to be lost.”

—— ae

26 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. V.

The post mark on this letter is E Jan. 27, 1800.

Apparently Lambert prevailed upon him to publish as
many new birds as he had indicated by his notes, so Latham
published his Supplement If. to the General Synopsis of
Birds, and accompanied it by a Supplementum Indicis, where
all his new species simultaneously were correctly given
scientific names.

* x *k %

The following plates will prove of interest :—-
Muscicapa cucullata Latham.
Plate 1.

PRovIDED for the Hooded Flycatcher described thus :
** Bill and head black ; the last full of feathers ; general colour
of the plumage clouded black, but the under-parts are white :
the whole of the wings and tail are black, but the lesser
quills are fringed with white: legs dusky. Inhabits New
South Wales.”

Rather curiously in connection with Drawing No. 190
Sharpe wrote: “This drawing must have been intended for
P(etraeca) bicolor, though it is not a correct figure,’ overlooking
the fact that the name Muscicupu cucullata had been applied
to the description cited by Latham, and that Gray in 1843
had also recorded: ‘‘ Muscicapa cucullata Lath. Vieill,”’=
Petroica bicolor? Gould. Upon reconsideration with Strick-
land Gould had allowed the identity, and in his Handbook
Melanodryas cucullata was used in place of Petroica bicolor.

Gracula viridis Latham.
Plate 2.

In connection with the description of his Green Grakle, to
which the above name was given, is a note which may be here
reproduced. “Green Grakle. This is somewhat less than
one foot in length; general colour pale dull green; the chin
mottled, dusky and brown: the under-parts of the body from
the breast whitish, with a few dusky streaks ; wings and tail
dusky, the first edged with white, the last even at the end
tipped with white ; the bill is stout, a little bent at the point,
and of a horn-colour; tongue half the length of the bill

MUSCICAPA CUCULLATA Lard.

[Facing page 26.

GRACULA VIRIDIS Latu.

[Facing page 26.

No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 27

pointed at the end; legs black. Inhabits New Holland, where
it is said to be a rare bird. It is with no little difficulty that
we have been able to fix limits to the genus of Grakle, more
especially to those which inhabit New Holland: and to say
the truth, great uncertainty has arisen in respect to other
genera also, not only in regard to birds, but quadrupeds, as
well as other classes. It is true, that whenever any difficulty
presents itself, it may often be obviated by creating a new
genus, and many persons are of opinion that this is the only
way to ascertain the place any individual ought to hold in
the system ; but although it may be allowed in some instances,
it should be in such only where necessity may make it
unavoidable : a far better way being in our opinion rather to
strain a trifling point than burthen the memory by forming
numerous new genera. On this account I venture to enu-
merate the following species, reserving to others the full
right of differing in sentiment.”

The three following are the type of Myzantha, the type
of Grallina, and the type of Entomyzon, three forms unhesi-
tatingly accepted as valid groups since their date of introduc-
tion a few years after the above was written by Latham.
It is interesting to note from Latham’s account that there
were “ genus-splitters ”’ even at that early date (1801), and
that in the doubtful cases recorded the genus-splitters have
been proved to be in the right.

The Watling drawing was recognised as portraying the
Oriole by Gray, Gould and Sharpe, the name being used without
interruption until 1900, when Robinson and Laverock (Ibis,
1900, p. 625) pointed out that Gracula viridis Latham was
used for two different birds in the Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. They
read the description and allotted the name to the Cat-Bird
and accepted Latham’s Coracias sagittata for the Oriole. In
the case of the latter they proved to be correct, as this name
has priority over that of Gracula viridis. They were wrong,
however, in applying the latter to the Cat-Bird, as the descrip-
tion does not agree so well as with the Oriole, and moreover it
proves to be based upon a Watling drawing which is here
seen to represent the Oriole.

28 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. V.

Lanius torquatus Latham.
Plate 3.

THE description to which this Latin name was allotted reads
“Clouded Shrike. Size uncertain; bill large and_ bluish ;
lore ferruginous ; head, hind-part of the neck, and _ sides
beneath the eye brown; back and wings the same; under-
parts of the body not unlike the upper, but clouded with
white ; tail longish ; legs dusky. Inhabits New Holland.”

Sharpe’s notes read: ‘‘ No. 27. This figure is the type of
Lanius torquatus Lath., which has generally been referred
to Cracticus destructor. Dr. Gadow considered the description
of the Clouded Shrike to be insufficient for recognition. There
can, however, be no doubt that the identification is correct,
and L. torquatus becomes a synonym of C. destructor, as was
determined by Gray, Cabanis, and other good ornithologists.”

In 1843 Gray determined “ Lanius torquatus Lath. Vieill,” from
the Lambert drawing to be “ Vanga destructor, juv., Temm.”
and proposed that the name should be “ Cracticus torquatus.”

At once Gould used the name in his Handbook in preference
to C. destructor used in the Birds of Australia; Gadow, whose
knowledge of bird-skins and nomenclature was very scanty,
is apparently responsible for the later rejection, a result
almost ridiculous in face of the determination of the real
ornithologists, Gray and Gould.

Unfortunately Sharpe omitted to state that torquatus had
priority and should be utilised, an incontrovertible fact.

Turdus frivolus Latham.
Plate 4.

TuHIs is the Latin name Latham assigned to his Frivolous
Thrush, which he described as follows: ‘ Size of the others ;
bill black; legs lead-colour; the upper-parts of the body
and wings brown; beneath white, inclining to rufous on the
sides of the neck and breast, and to yellow on the sides under
the wings; fore-head and half the crown mixed cinereous
and white ; quills somewhat paler, and the tail darker than
- the rest of the plumage ; the last rather short. Found with
the former at Port Jackson.”

LANIUS TORQUATUS Laru.

[Facing page 28.

TURDUS FRIVOLUS Laru.

[Facing poye 28.

ee Bigg Ti a)
a rail 4 | By.
ms Te a a
it Fa Ae t
alas Cet aN

er
Py

Roa BTS
¥ =

TURDUS TENEBROSUS Laru.

(Facing page 29.

No. 1.] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 29

The preceding is the Maxillary Thrush, already dealt with
in this Journal.

When Sharpe arrived at Drawing No. 153, with the name
Frivolous Thrush, he wrote: “This figure is the type of
Latham’s description of the Frivolous Thrush. The species
should in future bear the name of Pomatorhinus frivolus
(Lath.) Watling says that his figure is of the natural size.
The white tips to tail-feathers are not given in the figure
as they were in P. temporalis, but there is no doubt as to the
species.” Gray in 1843 would not acknowledge the specific
identity but. wrote: ‘“ Pomatorhinus ?”? and Gould
entered Latham’s name with a ? in the synonymy of
P. temporalis but would not displace Vigors and Horsfield’s
Specific name.

Turdus tenebrosus Latham.
Plate 5,

In the Supplement to his Index Ornithologus Latham
provided Latin names and gave curt diagnoses of the birds
he fully described in the second Supplement to the General
Synopsis of Birds, and he introduced the above name for his
Brown-crowned Thrush, whose description reads: “This
Species is about six inches long; bill pale blue; legs black ;
back and wings black, but the quills are edged with white ;
the chin is black, from thence to the vent white; but the
sides of the body next the wings and the crown of the head
are brown. Inhabits New Holland; frequently seen about
Port Jackson, in New South Wales.’’

In this case, when Sharpe examined Drawing No. 144 of
the Brown-crowned Thrush he concluded: “This figure
represents the young of the Sordid Thrush, T'urdus sordidus
Lath. As the name appears on an earlier page than
7’. sordidus, it must take precedence, and the species must
be called Artamus tenebrosus (Lath ).”

In 1843 Gray referred the drawing to the genus Artamus
but would not decide its specific identity, writing ‘ Artamus
?” while Gould would not associate it even suspiciously
with any species.

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Se

30 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. V.

The young of “ sordidus”’ does not show a white under-
surface with a black chin as given in the description and seen
in the figure. The figure shows the bill of a Wood-Swallow
and the wing-coloration, but of what species cannot be at
present determined.

* + * *

As a good example of the difficulties in dealing with these
drawings, principally through the prejudice of previous
workers, the case of Latham’s Sylvia rubricata may be cited.

When Gray determined, with Strickland, the Lambert
drawings, he wrote “‘ Sylvia rubricata Lath. Vieill.= Motacilla
solitaria Lewin=Sazicola solitaria V. & H.=Origma solitaria
Gould: Origma rubricata.”

In this case Gould was in time to use the novelty in his
folio Birds of Australia and in his Handbook and hence to
recent years no challenge was made to the usage.

Ignorant of the usage when Sharpe came to Drawing No. 202,
he wrote ‘Ruddy Warbler... Sylvia rubricata.....
Cacomantis flabelliformes. . . .”

He did not suggest any change though it was obvious some
was necessary, and when I determined that Latham’s flabelli-
formis should not be used for the Cuckoo I proposed the usage
of rubricata, as undoubtedly the figure No. 202 was a good one
of the Cuckoo.

The Australian Committee has challenged the application
of the description to the Cuckoo, and from that point of view
the figure and description were at once re-examined with the
fact that they are undoubtedly right.

Latham’s description reads: “ This is a trifle larger than
the Redbreast: the bill is slender and dusky: irides hazel :
legs yellow : the plumage above brownish-ash colour : beneath
wholly ferruginous, inclining to yellow : wings and tail brown :
the last rounded in shape.”’ This does not apply to Drawing
No. 202 (which is of the Cuckoo) in that in the latter the bill
is medium and curved, irides dark (? hazel): legs not yellow:
plumage above greyish: pure red ferruginous below, no in-
clination whatever to yellow, and tail bluish with white marks ?
On the other hand, the description does not apply to the

CUCULUS PALLIOLATUS.

(Facing page 31.

7 terete

at eee Ae .

ie

TRINGA AURITA

(Facing page 31.

moh] THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD 31

Rock Warbler, which has a distinct throat patch, dark ferru-
ginous below exactly wnlike the description, and a square tail.

Tringa aurita Latham.
Plate 6.
THE Brown-eared Sandpiper, to which Latham attached
the above Latin name, was described as follows:

“ The bill in this is as long as the head, and dusky ; plumage
above rusty-ash colour, crossed with numerous whitish lines
on the back and wings; the feathers on the outer-ridge of
the wing all edged with white ; over the eye a white streak ;
all the under-parts pale, a little mottled or streaked ; on the
ears a brown patch, which passes through the eye, but less
distinct ; quills and tail dusky ; legs dusky-white. Inhabits
New South Wales.”

When Gray examined the Lambert drawings he regarded one
of these as being the basis of the above description, and wrote :

“Tringa aurita Lath. Vieill. Tringoides hypoleucus ?”’

Years later Sharpe, criticising the Watling drawings,
concluded :

“No. 244. Brown-eared Sandpiper Lath... .

Tringa aurita Lath... .
Heteropygia acuminata (Horsf.) Sharpe, Cat.
Birds, XXIV., p. 566.”

As the name aurita had many years’ priority over Horsfield’s
acuminata it was used in my Handlist, but later re-examination
of Watling drawing No. 244 determined its absolute rejection
in that connection, as the painting undoubtedly was that of
the Common Sandpiper as suggested by Gray. The painting,
however, does not exactly coincide in shade with the des-
cription, but that is due to age, as otherwise the details agree.

Consequent upon the muddle Ridgway has queried the
later judgment and hence the reproduction herewith.

Cuculus palliolatus Latham.
Plate 7.

THE name Cuculus palliolatus was applied by Latham (Index
Ornith. Suppl., p. xxx., 1801) to the bird he had described as

aap rr

————— Pepe

32 THE AUSTRAL AVIAN RECORD [Vol. V.

follows under, the name Tippet Cuckow, in the Suppl. II.
Gen. Synops. Birds, p. 138, 1801, as follows :

“This is nearly twelve inches long; the bill brown, rather
stout, and a trifle curved at the point; the upper-parts of
the body are dull green, the under white ; the crown full of
feathers, and as far as the eyes on each side black; on the
sides of the neck the black comes forward and almost meets
in the middle, giving the appearance of a cloak or tippet ;
sides under the wings yellowish; thighs marked with a few
rusty spots ; quills black; tail very short, the outer margins
of the feathers marked with white spots ; legs dusky bluish-
white, dotted with black; irides orange. Inhabits New
Holland, where it is a rare bird.”

Reference to the Lambert drawings was made in connection
with the preceding and succeeding species, and this was
apparently one of the species founded on those drawings.
When G. R. Gray examined these he observed the drawing
agreeing with the above description, and could not determine
it, adding: “ Chrysococcyx 7?

Gould described Chalcites osculans, and some years later
Cabanis and Heine introduced the new generic name Misocalius
for Cuculus palliolatus Latham. As a synonym they cited
Gould’s C. osculans.

Gould used the genus name Mesocalius, but pointed out that
his osculans wasnot Latham’s C. palliolatus. The fact that
Gould misused the genus name does not make it valid and
as Misocalus was given to Latham’s species, which may yet
be rediscovered, it cannot be used for any other species.

In this case it is quite obvious that Latham drew up his
description from a painting very similar to the one here re-
produced, as the description of the legs is delightful, “ dusky
bluish-white, dotted with black,” the black dots being the
artist’s method of showing the nature of the leg covering,
viz., coarsely reticulate.

It is possible that the species may not be Australian, but
the feet show it to be a Cuckoo, and therefore it should be
easily recognisable.

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- AUSTRAL AVIAN. RECORD

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