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OTA Lay sateasste ee ty pst steis Wile garea pte Seheosan et ater pan: Poe iiioot iit hele wae cry a ts Wesansonedeasgy erese he Wietinesgmnaes Neetanca) ataponets@aesessy tage tee uty pete EHTEL L tiwttiontsee eet even lata Pe crt a Ua Nncmian al tele eel sare heehee) Tere }eeaased we site baw heey Fe atattpeots catia gh iors sbaee \s tatete tytahy fehyh hase tecuio te asta AYum thew canteens Nenawosbs yee MEPEHDML SS) tate cet oy: Sion Amn MIAN Hehe bts negime be kate ne Weve ia wutrtrtehe Nog ne ge ara ‘yfavs eRe brig or tay he iy ene a a hte ge ako Geinnrt hot athe Tae tay Srp 4 fd twin toate Ne Nash oe ce Nistciniessesstiety Barteria a setidatunshiuclaniigercatnaret i heme: Spalas aa Sheth deans deka iol cece eee linked Pa Es BEDS Be ~ CU ae keke Besar Sa BEET ath oe peel ee tata vegas ae pte ete teeetate Santer tee tpte Serer :. nas reiki bight Prey ea bend ak Pala ts hoe 'a We ays tata tow tate te) Sy Aa fale 98d hPa hewn Re, ty FON AG PO SEAT We 4 bo Natacha i ebetigen etasaaas bette Gre eh eka Sletizahe ne) Peay We lefansvetend tebe ce tam Sateen a4! a eteleial Moke tvean pts ne Whats tyen te he ‘pune Ma Hotig ot hg od ny 8c be gh “abe base : oat Cathet Bs tae tess Ne*e84S oe Ww aie AM iy seve Hately 6B ya tara my 8) i ary bees bes a tetghe es hee teny tot tk “em aba ae “fates sks NY Ee eo we “ON ] 4) noscb Peta #04 a oe eG yyy Hae) sie Mgt Sf Pein CRA RES E TRS REL ea yrin V4Ry4 ee inter’ tee Hanya abe a} Overs ease eects bb IDEs e+ WWovsd ie wd meats Beater iets Mice) 4 eee ES Ge opsiee Bend: Ad i faly Git toy otand Sata ie SHAM alee te o/s tol Hie ord eee Uy Sea eighe obras Reeree fo sent eu Tals SOFT oD A we a He esearedrep tates Hn A iereiase Sytee carte Sraestes iW eaete ie a sis yee rvejuge oar minldit eone priitee reser te Vverdidee if We sbebiere vate Hh ae 4 Ty Ghee cob tte 4 ay idetaeatalt Tit onde hs he en eadels avasbebbest 93 ikiiteelees Me verel = Site 5} : avidity eye mgt SPT LONE snp rete ashy Te tom dpebotabe one Tole gb by eee te pre Tonarr aerial) ii ty biel amsierte iad in \ ‘ ppt Na lee ape ia 3 Ti devs a ch pa ep " he nie tay st tics i t arner cae tt a ae anti Hak tae fea el - 7 op 1 ieenitg! 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P RAM a, Yom x Po, i, F@ A 6B ANAp | am fhe \-AAA Aan a Da LOAnan — Ges F ns a. hae rs Fad —~ Zz -~ a Ra Ym A a\ aR, AAAA ~ @ a er," x “= | ~ a A / ~ - ji a AAA a ~ BArra re Saga \ A ~ RANG anak 4 ay . WIL age ‘anal a 4 ‘age to all inl Ane VACA 228 An iA THE AUSTRALIAN ZOOLOGIST Issued by The Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales Vol. 3.—1922-1924. WITH FORTY-ONE PLATES, And Twenty-five Text-figures. f : @. XN eA, 2 oO 3 } Printed and Published for the Society by The Sydney and Melbourne Publishing Co., Ltd., Sydney. SOLD BY THE SOCIETY. INDEX TO VOLUME 3. Advisory Committee re Export of Birds and Animals, 168. Albatross, The Snowy, in Sydney Harbour, by Tom Iredale, 168. Animal Photography, by E. F. Pollock, 143. Animals, Parisitism in Lower, by G. Whitley, 317. Annual Report, 1921-2, 1. 1922-3, 125. —— ———-——, 1923-4, 239. Ashby, E. and Hull, A. F. Basset, Polyplacophora of King Island, 79. Australia, the Land of Living Fossils, 204. Australian Bats, Notes on, by E. L. Troughton, 39. Australian Blepharoceridae, by A. Tonnoir, 47, 135. Australian Desert Regions, by A. G. Campbell, 169. Australian Diptera, 13 New Species, by J. R. Malloch, 322. Australian Frogs, On the Breeding of Some, by L. Harrison, 17. Australian Genus Tapeigaster, by M. Bezzi, 72. Australian Land Shells, Notes on, by Charles Hedley, 215. Australian Lonchaeidae, by M. Bezzi, 183. Australian Loricates, Monograph of the, by Tom Iredale and A. F. Basset Hull, 186, 227, 276, 339. Australian Marsupial Fauna, Migration Route of, by L. Harrison, 247. Australian Native Animals, by A. S. Le Souef, 108. Australian Species of Psychopsis, Descriptions of New, by R. J. Tillvard, 35. Bezzi, M., A New Genus of Dolichopodidae from Australia, 179. On the Australian Lonchaeidae, 183. The Australian Genus Tapeigaster, 72. Bird Notes, by Vera Foote, 87. “Birds of a Feather Flock . . . .?,” by A. H. Chisholm, 300. Birds, Some Central Queensland, by H. Wolstenholme, 306. Bombyliid Fly from New South Wales, A New, by J. R. Malloch, 205. Burrell, Harry, Some Natural Habits of Echidna, 268. Campbell, A. G., Australian Desert Regions, Their Influence on the Distribution of Life, 169. On the Similarity of Psophodes and Sphenostoma, 270. Campbell, J. H., Presidential Address, 3. Captain Cook’s Kangaroo, by Tom Iredale and E. L. Troughton, 311. Chisholm, E. C., Principal Fauna in District of Marrangaroo, 60. of Katoomba and District, 206. Chisholm, A. H., The R.A.O.U. Congress (Birds of a Feather), 300. Diomedea exulans, Distribution of, by C. Horton-Smith, 119. Diptera, Australian, by J. R. Malloch, 322. Dolichopodidae, A New Genus of, from Australia, by M. Bezzi, 179. Echidna, Some Natural Habits of, by Harry Burrell, 268. Effective Protection, 167. Effects of Settlement on Wild Life, by Keith C. McKeown, 175. Export of Birds and Animals, Advisory Committee, 168. Fairy Wrens, by Tom Iredale, 264. Faulkner, A. §., Life of a Native Bear in Captivity, 112. Ferguson, E. W., Biological Survey of Australia, 126. Fleas, 114. Fleas, by E. W. Ferguson, 114. Fur Seal Herds of the Southern Hemisphere, by G. Dallas Hanna, 11. Hanna, G. Dallas, Fur Seal Herds of the Southern Hemisphere, 11. Harrison, Launcelot, Migration Route of the Australian Marsupial Fauna, 247. Notes on the Breeding of Some Australian Frogs, 17. Hedley, Charles, Some Notes on Australian Land Shells, 215. Honey Mouse, The, by E. L. Troughton, 148. Horton-Smith, C., Distribution of Diomedea exulans, 119. House-building Rat and Banfield’s Rat, by A. S. Le Souet, 15. Hull, A. F. Basset, New Australian Loricata, 195. New Australia Polyplacophora, 157. Protection of Native Fauna, 88. : ,and E. Ashby, Polyplacophora of King Island, 79. ,and Tom Iredale, Monograph of the Australian Loricates, 186, 227, 276, 339. Tredale, Tom, Arrival in Sydney, 134. Lhotsky’s Lament, 223. Fairy Wrens, 264. The Snowy Albatross in Sydney Harbour, 168. ,and EK. L. Troughton, Captain Cook’s Kangaroo, 311. , and A. F. Basset Hull, Monograph of the Australian Loricates, 186, 227, 276, 339. Kangaroo, Captain Cook’s, by Tom Iredale and E. L. Troughton, 311. Kangaroo Doomed? Is the, by Heber A. Longman, 103. Kangaroo, The Great Grey and its Allies, by A. S. Le Souef, 145. Katoomba and District, Principal Fauna of, by E. C. Chisholm, 206. Le Souef, A. S., Notes on Some Rock Wallabies, Genus Petrogale, 272. Notes on the House-building Rat and Banfield’s Rat, 15. The Great Grey Kangaroo and its Allies, 145. Australian Native Animals, 108. Lhotsky’s Lament, by Tom Iredale, 223. Lonchaeidae, On the Australian, by M. Bezzi, 183. Longman, Heber A., Is the Kangaroo Doomed?, 103. Loricata, New Australian, by A. F. Basset Hull, 195. Loricates, A Monograph of the Australian, by Tom Iredale and A. F. Basset Hull, 186, 227, 276, 339. Macquarie Island and its Future, by Sir Douglas Mawson, 92. McKeown, Keith C., Effects of Settlement on Wild Life, 175. Malloch, J. R., A New Bombyliid Fly from New South Wales, 205. Australian Diptera, 322. Marrangaroo, Principal Fauna in District of, by E. C. Chisholm, 60. Mawson, Sir Douglas, Macquarie Island and its Future, 92. Migration Route of the Australian Marsupial Fauna, by Launcelot Harrison, 247. Native Bear (Koala), Life of in Captivity, by A. S. Faulkner, 112. Native Fauna, Protection of, by A. F. Basset Hull, 88. Obituary, 298. Parasitism, In Some Lower Animals, by Gilbert Whitley, 317. Pollock, E. F., Anima] Photography, 143. Polyplacophora, New Australian, by A. F. Basset Hull, 157. Polyplacophora of King Island, by E. Ashby and A. F. Basset Hull, 157. Presidential Addresses : J. H. Campbell, 3. E. W. Ferguson, 126. Launeelot Harrison, 247. Psophodes and Sphenostoma, Similarity of, by A. G. Campbell, 270. Queensland (Central), Some Birds of, by H. Wolstenholme, 306. Review: Der Insekten-korper und Seine Terminologie, 123. Synopsis of the Vertebrate Animals of Tasmania, 276. Robinson, The late Mr. Septimus, 298. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales: Acting Officers, 203. Amended Rules, 43. Annual Reports, 1, 125, 239. Honours to Members, 203, 240. Members, List of, i.-viii. New Members, 45, 85, 130, 167, 203, 240, 299. See “Sections.” The Journal, 299. Sections: Biological Survey, 245. Economie Zoology, 44, 133. Entomological, 9, 133, 242, 299. Ornithological, 9, 41, 85, 132, 242, 299. Tapeigaster, The Australian Genus, by M. Bezzi, 72. Tillyard, R. J., Description of New Australian Species of Psychopsis, 35. Troughton, E. L., Notes on Australian Bats, 39. The “Honey Mouse” (Tarsipes spenserae), 148. —————,, and T. Iredale, Captain Cook’s Kangaroo, 311. Tonnoir, A. L., Australian Blepharoceridae, 47, 135. Types, Retention of in Australia, 91. Wallabies, Genus Petrogale, Notes on Some, by A. S. Le Souef, 272. Whitley, Gilbert, Parasitism, In Lower Animals, 317. Wolstenholme, H., Some Central Queensland Birds, 306. THE AUSTRALIAN ZOOLOGIST Issued by The Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales Edited by LAUNCELOT HARRISON, B.Sc., B.A,, Acting Professor of Zoology at the University of Sydney. And A. F. BASSET HULL, C.F.A.0O.U. Vol. 3—Part 1 (Price, 4/6.) Sydney, September 15, 1922. All communications to be addressed to the Hon. Secretary, Box 2399, General Post Office, Sydney. Sydney: The Sydney and Melbourne Publishing Co., Ltd., Printers. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales. Established 1879. REGISTERED UNDER THE COMPANIES ACT, 1899 (1917). COUNCIL, 1922-1923. President : E. W. Ferguson, M.B., Ch.M. Vice-Presidents . J. H. Campbell, M.B.E., W. W. Froggatt, F.L.S., E. A. D’Ombrain, M.B., B.S., G. A. Waterhouse, B.Se., B.E., F.E.S. Members: H. BE. Finckh. A. Musgrave. G. M. Goldfinch. F. L. Rolin. A. Halloran, B.A., LL.D. W. C. Shipway. C. Hedley. F.L.S. D. W. C. Shiress. Allan R. MeCulloch. Hon. Secretary : A. IF. Basset Hull, R.A.O.U., C.F.A.0.U. Hon. ‘Treasurer: D. G. Stewart, B.A. Hon, Editors: Launcelot Harrison, B.Se., B.A., A. F. Basset Hull, C.F.A.0.U. Hlon. Librarian: A. N. Burns. Supscription: Ordinary Member, £1 1s. per annum (Entrance Fee £1/1/-). Associate Member, 7s. 6d. ,, - PRIVILEGES: Ordinary Members—Free admission to Taronga Zoological Park; Additional Tickets admitting 20 Adults or 40 Children; Free Copy of “Australian Zoologist.” Associate Members—F ree Copy of “Australian Zoologist.” “THE AUSTRALIAN ZOOLOGIST.” Communications intended for “The Australian Zoologist” should preferably be type-written. Authors should state whether proofs and reprints are desired when submitting MS. Fifty reprints of any article appearing under a separate title will be sup- pled gratis. If more are required, terms may be ascertained on application to the Editor. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales. ANNUAL REPORT, 1921-2. The fifth annual general meeting of the Society was held at the rooms, Bull’s Chambers, Martin Place, on Wednesday, 12th July, 1922, at 8 p.m. Members were present. The President (Mr. J. H. Campbell, M.B.E.) read the following report :— Membership. There has been a very satisfactory increase in the number of members on the register, the net increase amounting to 55 members. The following are the details :— 1920-1. 1921-2 Labo aEAy Me Aid: ac loa cic Game Sopeoloige ol 8 7 (Omani Sia Sh! Gol aee 4. enemeeolard mom: Fac 291 311 JIGEGHES: Ca 8S Bay Goto oO GER eo pooey 39 75 otalstesag isumateiiirssse apemiblelan > Sth alesse yoahisie 338 393 In addition there are 21 ordinary and 6 associate members whose names are still on the registers, but who have failed to renew their subscriptions or to notify their desire to resign. Under Article 13 these members are not entitled to any right or privilege in the Society. The Council. Nine meetings of Council were held during the year, the attendances at which were as follows: Mr. Campbell, 8; Dr. D’Ombrain, 5; Dr. Ferguson, 6; Mr. Finckh, 8; Mr. Froggatt, 4; Mr. Goldfinch, 5; Mr. Halloran, 5; Professor Har- rison, 4; Mr. Hedley, 7; Mr. Hull, 8; Mr. McCulloch, 1; Mr. Musgrave, 7; Mr. Rolin, 5; Mr. Shipway, 4; Mr. Shiress, 6; Mr. Stewart, 5; Dr. Walkom, 8; Mr. Waterhouse, 9. Mr. Hedley, who is on a visit to America, was granted leave of absence from March, 1922, and Mr. McCulloch was absent at Lord Howe Island for some months. Finances. The Capital Fund has been increased by £96, and now stands at £541/5/-. The Income Account is well in credit, but the Handbook Publication Fund is temporarily exhausted. Australian Zoological Handbooks. The feature of the year’s operations has been the issue of the first “Aus- tralian Zoological Handbook,” being Mr. McCulloch’s “Fishes and Fish-like Ani- mals of New South Wales.” This work was a very costly one on account of the 2 ROYAL ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. large number of illustrations, each of which required the copying of the original type illustration by photography; the reduction to approximately uniform size; the making of half-tone blocks, and the use of an expensive paper for the print- ing. It was found impossible to defray the whole cost of this work from the Handbook Publication Fund, which at the best never reached £300, while £500 was the amount originally estimated for the establishment of the Fund. It was therefore decided to bring out the work in sections in the “Australian Zoologist,” debiting part of the cost of production to the Income Account. This arrange- ment has been found to work satisfactorily, inasmuch as it has given publicity to the subject dealt with by Mr. McCulloch, and has enabled the Council to complete the work at a much earlier date than otherwise would have been pos- sible. The complete work, well bound and copiously indexed, is now being sold at the nominal price of five shillmgs, thus giving effect to the object of the Fund, namely to provide reliable information in respect to Australian Fauna at a price within the reach of all. It is a source of gratification to the Council that the sales of the Handbook have already been considerable, and that the Walter and Eliza Hall Trust has shown its continued appreciation of the Society’s work by donating a further sum of £20 to the Fund, making a total contribution of £70. This additional sum was received after the books had been closed for the financial year, but it will appear on the balance sheet for next year. The Australian Zoologist. Two numbers of this journal were issued, bemg Parts 3 and 4 of Volume 2, which is now completed. Obituary. The Society has lost by death one of its oldest members. Mr. Albert Gale was a constant visitor at the old Zoological Gardens in Moore Park, and he voluntarily supervised the establishment of freshwater aquaria there, devoting a great deal of his private time to directing operations and looking after the ex- hibits. In recognition of his services he was elected an Honorary Member, of the Society. Mr. Gale contributed an interesting paper on the breeding habits of the Purple-striped Gudgeon to the first number of the “Australian Zoologist.” The Society has also lost by death Mr.C. J. Alderdice, Mr. P. G. Black, Mr. W. A. Gullick, Mr. W. G. Hearne, and Mr. Mark Mitchell. Sections. The establishment of Sections, consisting of members interested in special subjects, promises to have very useful results. Sections of Entomology and Ornithology are in full operation, and other subjects are under consideration. General Meetings. At an inaugural general meeting held on 29th September, 1921, it was de- cided to hold similar meetings in the months of March, May, July, September and November in each year. At the meeting of 9th November, 1921, only 10 members attended; the meeting of 8th March was better, 16 members being pre- sent, but the May meeting lapsed for want of a quorum. The experiment has not worked satisfactorily, a noteworthy fact being that those members who had most frequently asked for more regular meetings were amongst the absentees. The cee of continuance of these meetings will be submitted for discussion to-night. PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. By J. H. Campbell, M.B.E. When last year your Council conferred on me the highest honour it can be- stow by electing me to be your President I felt that in accepting office I was shouldering no light responsibility, and I at the same time fully recognised that the selection was governed by conditions somewhat different from those obtaining in many other scientific societies. A glance at our membership roll will show that our ranks are largely recruited from persons whose connection with Zoology is not very close, and it is only fittmg in a democratie country like Australia that those who pay the piper should have a right to call the tune, and that the higher administrative functions of this Society should not entirely be confined to the small sections more immediately engaged in research. I am now able to assure anyone who may in later years hesitate to accept nomination to the Pre- sidential Chair on the ground that his zoological equipment is limited that he will at all times of difficulty have at his disposal the advice of men thoroughly conversant with the various matters calling for decision, and he should further remember that even specialists can often benefit by the views of one whose in- terests are more general. My twelve months’ experience as first among equals on your Council has been one of unalloyed happiness, the relations between myself and my colleagues have at all times been most harmonious, and I hope this lame dog has negotiated the several stiles he has encountered without unduly betraying that his efforts to surmount them owed no small part of their suecess to the ever ready help of your Secretary and Treasurer. To Messrs. Hull and Waterhouse I would express my most hearty thanks for their personal assistance, and the Society is indebted to them and to Mr. Finckh and Mr. Stewart for services generously rendered. It now becomes my duty to give an account of my steward- ship, and, on the eve of laying aside the dignity and responsibility of office, to submit for your consideration a few impressions which remain. The outstanding feature of the Society’s year has been the publication of McCulloch’s “Check List of the Fishes of New South Wales,’ which had already been placed in possession of members by its appearance in the “Australian Zoo- logist.” In its book form it is the first step towards attainment of the Council’s ambitions to issue a series of works, by recognised authorities in their several subjects, containing more or less popular, but always accurate, information on the fauna of Australia, at a price which should be within the means of every- one interested in Natural History. That the book ean be sold at five shillings, a price much below the cost of production, is due to the generosity of subscribers to the Handbook Fund, and to them I would once again express the Society’s sense of its indebtedness, but more especially would I place on record our deep debt of gratitude to Mr. McCulloch for the very valuable help to Australian Zoology which has been given by this tangible result of his study of our fishes. I know that with him it has been a labour of love, but while the love of his sub- ject has been great the labour involved has been such as to overstrain the patience and resource of any but the true scientific enthusiast. This Handbook is No. 1 of a series, but the publication of later volumes is almost entirely a matter of finance. The Handbook Fund is for the present ex- hausted and must await replenishment by the proceeds of sales of the “Fishes,” so far satisfactory I am glad to note, before we can venture further, but meantime the Council is not overlooking the need to have everything ready for the time 4 : PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. that money is forthcoming. Need I say that we foresee no difficulty in getting specialists to write on their particular groups? Scientific workers are ever ready, even anxious, to expend themselves in spreading a knowledge of their subjects. Money is no easier to rgise for the advancement of science than it is for many less worthy objects, and Australia has not so far, with some most noteworthy exceptions, produced men prepared to spend a portion of their Australian-earned surplus in avenues which must sooner or later lead to an increase of national wealth and prestige. The appeal for funds for scientific purposes can I think be made with a clear conscience, especially when the expenditure is to be in the hands of one or other of our scientific societies. I would venture the statement that in no activity of our modern life is there so much honorary service for the general advancement of knowledge, which after all is the advancement of human happiness, as is given by scientific workers, and it is indeed hard that men who, themselves seldom well-to-do, give such important and generous service to the community, should be constantly hampered in their work by the want of means which could so easily be.provided by their richer brethren. They are not seek- ing personal benefits, they can carry on if only provision be made for the material necessary for their investigations, and for the proper publication of the results of their work. Surely among the successful merchants, pastoralists, or manufacturers of New South Wales there are a few who will follow the fine example of Sir William Macleay by fittingly endowing the acquirement and dis- semination of a knowledge of the animals of their country. Natural conditions here are rapidly changing and we have already lost too much time in finding out all that is to be found out about our interesting, our unique, fauna. Later I shall refer to means of doing this, but the means for doing it should be provided by the wealthy among our fellow citizens, and we give them our assurance that all funds entrusted to the scientifie societies of Australia will be carefully ad- ministered, and will be applied to the best advantage in the interests of science. Meantime until the financial position of the Zoological Society is stronger what can we do to expedite the publication of our Handbooks? My own con- nection with science has been chiefly on the finance side, and that must be my excuse for devoting so much time to consideration of ways and means, a de- partment of scientific activity in which I have had some experience. To publish an annual volume costs must be incurred not only for plates, printing, and paper (printing charges), but also for the general expenses of the publishing society such as rent, administrative, and office expenses (overhead charges), and an increase in the size of the annual volume need not mean any expense other than extra printing’ charges. On the other hand any increase in the number of se- parate publications means that besides the printing charges for the extra matter additional overhead costs must be incurred. It then remains to consider whether workers in Natural Science in Australia have a sufficient number of publishing societies for their needs, or whether an increase or decrease is desirable, a pub- lishing society being defined as one confining its publishing activities to the issue of papers, written or communicated by its members, containing the results of original research. Now it appears to me that the existing societies are suf- ficient not only for the immediate future, but for some time to come, that any addition to their number would mean economic waste, and that in New South Wales the two senior societies, the Royal and the Linnean, can easily handle the output of papers. The highest claim the Zoological Society has upon the scientific community is its scheme of Handbooks, and I would, entirely on my own re- sponsibility, suggest most serious consideration of the discontinuance of the publication of the “Australian Zoologist,” at least for the present, and the allocation of the savings thus effected to the Handbook Fund. Taking first the PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. 3) rights of our members to a medium for publishing their work I submit that most, if not all, of those engaged in original research already possess such a medium through their membership of one or other of the senior societies, while it is questionable whether it is the province of a society like this to publish the more popular type of paper recording facts, new or otherwise, in a form more suited for a magazine article. In my view, quite possibly a wrong one, a publication including between the same covers technical descriptions of new species, and “chatty” notes on, say, the domestic habits of the wombat in captivity, can never rank with others confined to results of research, and authors may sometimes find their work overlooked by their co-workers who, deceived by the “chatty” papers, miss those of more serious import. Accepting these considerations our working members would suffer no injustice by the discontinuance of the “Zoologist,” and as to members generally, ordinary and associate, the Society’s contract with them would call for some revision. This “contract”? entitles all members to a free copy of the “Australian Zoologist,” and ordinary members have in addition certain privileges of admission to Taronga Park. The large majority of our members are, I regret to say, more concerned with the Park than with the publication, and it should be quite possible to work out an equitable scheme of compensation by giving members some concession in regard to the Handbooks. A third “privilege” not set out in our advertisements, but nevertheless a most important one, is the right to attend meetings of the Society, and were these meetings more widely known, and more largely attended, many discussions of interest to natura- lists would be possible. The ordinary meeting of a scientific society is concerned primarily with the discussion of papers, but even in a complete volume of the “Zoologist” there would hardly be enough new material to fill up a single even- ing, and in order to make the meetings attractive it would be desirable to discuss papers read elsewhere. The entomologists, always enthusiastic, have already in full operation a Section whose meetings are recognised as the place where all insect-men, local or visiting, foregather, and there is no reason why the ordinary meetings of the Society should not equally become the centre for that exchange of ideas and observations so necessary for broadening the specialist’s outlook, but so difficult to obtain amidst too formal surroundings. And perhaps these meetings would in time be accepted by those of our members who now appreciate the “Zoologist” as full compensation for the cessation or suspension of that publication, knowing that the Society was giving them the opportunity to hear discussed by experts the various difficulties and problems presented by their work. There is no doubt that many of our members are not alive to the importance of the Handbooks, though to some of us their issue ranked high among our reasons for joining the Society. There has hitherto been in Australia a great dearth of handy works of reference dealing scientifically with our fauna, and for identification of specimens the naturalist has frequently to wade through a quite considerable mass of literature. To have for each group a list of at least the commoner species, with descriptions and plates as in MeCulloch’s “Fishes,” would not only be an encouragement to the budding scientist, but would enormously help the more experienced workers in the several fields, and should even be wel- comed by the trained specialist. The Council has already approved of the pre- paration of an almost indispensable adjunct to the Handbooks in the form of a “Collector’s Guide,” which generally will be designed to help the collector to find what he is looking. for, and to teach him how, when found, so to preserve it as to have most value afterwards. The assistance thus given should gradually pro- duce for us an army of more or less trained collectors prepared to take an active share in the zoological survey of Australia, the importance of which has been so 6 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. much stressed by several of my colleagues, when that great work has been com- menced in all seriousness. A general zoological survey differs in many essentials from the research work for which I have already claimed the co-operation of our wealthier citizens, and it calls for a personnel far exceeding anything our societies could place in the field, and for equipment much beyond the resources of trained amateurs. It could only be efficiently carried out as a national work, and under the auspices of the Federal Government, and the difficulties of impressing its importance upon those whose function it is to assume responsibility for its finance and adminis- tration are so great that one fears much valuable material throwing light on the development of our peculiar fauna will have gone forever before these difficulties are overcome. Much is of course possible by combined team-work on the part of the several Museums, but the results even from this would be small without a substantial subsidy for expenses, and above all legislation to protect our rarer animals not only against the thoughtless “sportsman,” but against the trained collector from overseas. The voice of the Australian naturalist has been lhfted up time and again in protest against our heritage going to strangers never to come back to us, but it has only been as of one crying in the wilderness. Worse still, they who would despoil us include amongst them men of our own household. Not being germane to my subject it is only in passing that I would voice the pro- test of every true naturalist against general trading in our wild animals and birds, for I can conceive of no object sufficiently worthy to justify its support by money derived from the depletion of our rarer animals. I do not wish to criticise statements appearing in the press about recent transactions, for I do not know the facts, but I do claim that all the facts should be published, and that all such trading whether domestic or foreign should be closely supervised by an Authority on which naturalists should be fully represented. But the point I _ wish to make is that we are in grave danger from collectors about whose scientific bona fides there can be no question, but whose confessed object is to house our types on the other side of the world, and to deseribe them in non-Australian pub- lications. J cannot see that a type deposited in the British Museum is in these days any more accessible to us than one in an American Museum, or that a description published in England is necessarily better than an Australian descrip- tion. Still against our visitors, whom we heartily weleome apart from their habits of acquisitiveness, we have a very poor case so long as we ourselves leave the work of the survey in the hands of unco-ordinated bodies. It is too big for any single society, but surely combined representations from all scientific societies and Museums in Australia should have some weight, particularly if these were accompanied by a working scheme carefully drawn up by a competent body of workers prepared to undertake, if called upon, the complete direction of the survey. Underlying all science are certain general ideas, the absolute truth of which we can never hope to prove, but without which we cannot establish any relation between observed facts. One of these is the idea of continuity, the idea that the same natural laws have held good since the beginning of time. We are gradually accumulating knowledge of these laws, and perhaps to us as zoologists the most interesting and the most important are those which determine the evo- lution of the forms of life as we now know them. There are several more or less conflicting hypotheses framed to explain what evolution is and how it operates, but till research follows research, and fact is piled upon fact, we can- not look for any hypothesis attaining the final dignity of a theory. The atten- tion of biologists was early directed to the imperfection of the palaeontological record, but none now questions that the imperfections are only gaps in the re-. , ROYAL ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES. Room 10, First Floor, Bull’s Chambers, Martin Place, Sydney. Dates of Meetings. ’ Year 1922-3. 1922. 9 August, Wednesday— Entomological Section 13 August, Friday— Ornithological Section.. .. . 13 September, penecay— General Meeting . ~ 11 October, Wednesday— : Entomological Section 20 October, Friday— Ornithological Section .. .. .. 8 November, Wednesday— ‘General Meeting .. 15 November— _ 1923 2 February, Wednesday— Entomological Section 18 February, Friday— Economic Zoology Section.. .. Ornithological Section .. .. 9 March, Wednesday— General Meeting .. 13 Aoril, Wednesday— Entomological Section . ; 15 April, Friday— = Ornithological Section .. i May, Wednesday— General Meeting 18 May— Economic meaty, Section.. .. | ~8 June, Wednesday— Entomological Section .. .. 17 June, Friday— Ornithological Section .. .. .. 18 July, Wednesday— General Meeting .. PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. 7 cord, and not breaks in the continuity of life. We know that we can never have the complete record, but just think for one moment how we should stand in re- gard to our Theory of Evolution had we zoological records by competent observers covering only the historical period, say 10,000 years. What new light would be thrown on problems of variation, on our own relations to our environment! And yet we in Australia, in the absence of a national scientific conscience, are al- lowing one more gap to form. There is gradually disappearing before the ad- vance of settlement a series of animals the study of which is of the highest scientific importance in connection with problems of variation and environment, and as helping us in some degree to more accurate views of a fauna which has in other parts of the world become the special province of the palaeontologist. This Society will have justified its existence, even if it never published a Hand- book, if in time to come it can be said of it that it helped in the achievement of the goal towards which every Australian zoologist should strive—the complete Record of the Animals of Australia. THE TREASURER’S STATEMENT. Mr. A. G. Hamilton moved the adoption of the Report, and that a vote of thanks be accorded to the President for his able address. The motion was seconded by Dr. T. Storie Dixson, and supported by Messrs. Halloran, Hull, McCulloch, and Waterhouse. : Mr. Neville Cayley exhibited a number of lantern slides of Australian Birds from photographs taken by Messrs. Gaukrodger and Mouse. A selection of photographs of animals in the Taronga Zoological Park was exhibited by Mr. Ennor. In moving the adoption of the balance-sheet, the Honorary Treasurer said :— “During the financial year that has just closed the capital of the Society has been increased by £96 by the purchase of one hundred pounds stock in the Diggers Loan; the capital now standing at £541/5/-, which represents the actual cost of the Society’s investments. The nominal value of these stocks is £550, whilst the market value to-day (12th July, 1922) is just under the nominal value. “The total interest received from our investments is £36/1/9, exclusive of the sum of £6/14/9 Savings Bank interest for the Handbook Fund. “As is usual in a Society of this kind, no account is taken of the value of the library or the back numbers of our publications, a conservative estimate of these, together with the office furniture we possess, would be £250. “On account of our first handbook ‘The Fishes and Fish-like Animals of N.S. Wales,’ during the past two years the sum of £359/1/- has been paid for printing text and plates, as, with the exception of the index, the whole of the text and plates had already appeared in ‘The Australian Zoologist, and the General Fund has so far borne the initial cost of the photographs, blocks and setting the text. There is still a sum of £48/6/3 owing to the General Fund, against which the sum of £6/14/9 still remains in the Savings Bank, and we have just received a further amount of twenty pounds from the Walter and Eliza Hall Trust to- wards the Handbook Fund. I am sorry that no further donations were received during last year to this fund, but hope that now we have successfully launched the first handbook, that the fund will be speedily built up again. It will be seen from the figures supplied that a fund of £500 is none too large with which to work, if we are to make a yearly issue of some form of handbook.” G. A. WATERHOUSE, Hon. Treasurer. ROYAL ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES. BALANCE SHEET AT 30th JUNE, 1922. LIABILITIES. Geseeide AS SHES. Sass: £' Ssh Capital .. .. suey 541 5 0 Investments at Cost .. 541 5 0 Income Necoutt ay 30th Tse 1922 . 146 18 11 Cash— Current Account .. ae 1416 2 Savings $Banko eet et eel ei fifhmeate !) 91 17 Handbook Fund— Owing to General Account ... 48 6 3 Savings Bank .. 614 9 550 £688 3 11 £688 3 11 RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE FOR YEAR ENDED 30th JUNE, 1922. RECHIPTS. £ s. d. Suiswds EXPENDITURE. £ s. d. £ sd Balance from 30th June, 1921 ... 118 14 11 Publication “Australian Zoologist.” Subscriptions itoe heen 374 16 6 Printing ieee et BP ines cstrike. (7 Life Subscriptions .. .. .. 2115 0 Blocks. \.2.8 4%: ira eahdesci tne ce OOo eal ame ; Sales ‘“Zoologist’’ 4 PA al 225 16 2 Government Grant .. .. .... 49 19 10 Appropriation to Capital Account 96 0 0 Interest— Books (Mathew’s Birds) .. 1616 0 Commonwealth Loans .. 27 2 6 Office Furniture . 15 0 0 N.S. Wales Loan .. .. 2 ily Ww) Printing . BEET sts 28 2 6 Savings Bank .. 6 4 3 Office eee ieaee Moeishe eevee 39 0.0 3a alg) Petty Cash— EIRGHAN Gil scremenst eres +t fare 8 6 Postages .. 18,9 Ti Stationery .. .. . 4. 63729 Sundries .. 2 6 4 25 0-0 Advertising 615 0 Sundries .. .. Bets, 3) cae 419 6 Balance to Ist fale 1922 A 146 18 11 £604 8 1 £604 8 1 HANDBOOK FUND ACCOUNT FOR YEAR ENDED 30th JUNE, 1922 RECEIPTS. Sisal as EXPENDITURE. £\ sade Balance trom 30th June, 1921 .. .. OG Omeat “Wishes” Handbook— SHI lotus Sor 5646 26 0 0 Printing Plates .. 94 6 0 Savings Bank Tatereail sie! wee erosSere 611 2 Printing Text and Binding . 179 15 0 Balance to Ist July, 1922 .. 48 .6, 3 Tridex? i075) Seamer 3) 10eag PCL ab) (i) £277 10 Sydney, 7th July, 1922. G. A. WaterHousE, Hon. Treasurer. We have examined the books and vouchers of the Society for the 12 months ended 30th June, 1922, and certify the above statements of Receipts and Disbursements and Balance Sheet to be in accordance therewith. (Sgd.) L. S. Drummonp & Co., Incorporated Accountants. ROYAL ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 9 REPORTS OF THE SECTIONS. Entomological Section. The Committee beg to report on the operations of the first session of the Seetion’s activity. The first meeting was held in the Society’s room on Wednesday, 12th October, 1921, the President of the Society occupied the Chair, and outlined the rules governing the formation of sections. It was decided to form an entomologieal section and to meet on the second Wednesday in the months of February, April, June, August and October. Mr. G. A. Waterhouse was elected Chairman of the Section, and Dr. E. W. Ferguson, Vice Chairman, and Mr. G M. Goldfineh, Hon. Secretary. During the year five ordinary meetings with an average attendance of thir- teen were held. A special meeting in addition was held on 15th November, 1921, for the purpose of welcoming Mr. A. J. Nicholson, the newly appointed lecturer in Entomology at the University of Sydney, and M. A. Tonnoir, the Belgian Dipterist, who was passing through Sydney on his way to study the flies of New Zealand. The section also had the pleasure of welcoming at its meetings Mr. Clinton, of Victoria, Dr. Pemberton, of Honolulu, and Mr. 0. W. Tiegs, of South Australia. The exhibits at all the meetings were numerous and important. It was de- cided to recommend to the Council of the Society that cards be printed and issued to all members giving the dates on which the meetings of the Society and Sections are: held. Tt was also suggested that a short circular be printed giving the aims and objects of the Section, this circular to be handed to members of the Section for distribution amongst those interested in Entomology. G. M. GoupFincH, G. A. Warrruouss, Hon. Secretary. Chairman. Ornithological Section. The inaugural meeting of the Section was held in the Society’s rooms on April 21st, 1922, and there was an attendance of eleven members. The following officers were appointed :— Chairman: Dr. E. A. D’Ombrain. Vice-Chairman: Mr. P. A. Gilbert. Hon. Sec.: Mr. N. W. Cayley. Messrs. E. Nubling and C. W. Chisholm were elected to act with them as an Executive Committee. The present membership of the Section is 34; this number we hope will be greatly increased in the near future, when the work and objects of the Section become better known. Meetings are to be held on the third Friday in the months of February, April, June, August, October, and December. Special and executive meetings to be held when necessary. The following items have been diseussed and action taken thereon :— The establishment of permanent camps in suitable localities for bird observation purposes. The exhibition at sectional meetings of specimens of birds, nests, eggs, or photographs bearing on bird life. The action of the Trustees of the National Park in allowing the timber to be cut down for milling purposes. 10 ROYAL ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. The Wild Life Preservation Act and Gun License, and the appointment of Hon. Rangers. : All these matters have been thoroughly investigated, and action has been taken relative to the timber felling in National Park. A deputation has been arranged with kindred societies—Royal Society of N.S.W., Linnean Society of N.S.W., Wild Life Preservation Society, and the Australian Museum—to meet the Trustees of the National Park on Wednesday, July 26th, to protest against the continuance of their action. A number of the members have offered their services to act as hon. rangers, and on enquiry I find the Department will be pleased to avail themselves of this offer. Action has been delayed relative to the Wild Life Preservation Act and the Gun License Act, awaiting the new clauses which, it is understood, are being prepared by the authorities. It is our intention to arrange a series of lectures, illustrated with lantern slides, and members of the affiliated societies who are not already members of this Section are invited to join up and help to make the section a big factor in furthering its objects, i.e., to popularize and further the study and protection of our native birds. NEVILLE CAYLEY, Hon. Secretary. 11 WHY NOT PROTECT THE FUR SEAL HERDS OF THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. By G. Datuas Hanna, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, U.S.A. (Communicated by A. F. Basset Hull). The northern hemisphere has developed an enviable reputation as a producer of fur seals, but in all, it contains only four herds. The three most important of these resort to islands in the possession of the United States, Russia and Japan. The fourth, now practically if not entirely exterminated, is that of Guadalupe Island, off the west coast of Mexico. In contrast with this condition the southern hemisphere contains a large number of islands which are known to have been fur-seal breeding grounds. Through relentless slaughter, the larger herds were exterminated soon after their discovery, and many of the smaller ones are visited and raided at irregular periods. It appears that, as soon as a herd increases so that it has a start toward recovery, some vessel visits it for skins and kills every animal which can be found. Many of these islands belong to the colonies of Great Britain—