QUEENSLAND HERBARIUM DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES BRISBANE
AUSTROBAILEYA
VOLUME 1 NUMBER 1 1977.
oy
CONTENTS
Page
Four new species of Eucalyptus.
By S. T. Blake .. - = A eo oi a er 1 Miscellaneous notes on Australian Pteridophytes, I.
By $. B, Andrews i nf ats a ne: ne ne 11 Notes on Solanum (Solanaceae) in Australia.
By R, J. F, Henderson ae na ry: Yr 3 ; 3 13 The deletion of Pentapanax Seem. from the flora of Australia.
By W. R. Philipson .. . - - ri i ui 23 Notes on Leguminosae, I,
By L. Pedley .. ae we a3 rw ea By ts 25 Allosyncarpia ternata, a new genus and species of Myrtaceae subfamily
Leptospermoideae from northern Australia.
By 8S. T. Blake .. a 3 J La ied i $3 43 The genus Verfticordia in northern Australia.
By N. B. Byrnes ny ie vl ere et ot , 47 Polycarpaea (Caryophyllaceae) in Australia.
By L, Pedley .. - > ts bt 7 4 es 49 Notes on Queensland Orchidaceae, I,
By P. J, Lavarack. 7 Bes vi Ess iH. 4 ve 63
Editor :- L. Pedley
FOREWORD
The genus Austrobaileya was first described by C. T. White in 1933 from fragmentary material collected by 8. F. Kajewski on the Atherton Tableland in north Queensland. Descriptions of two species, both rainforest lianas and both endemic to very restricted areas in north Queensland, have been published. The genus has provided a challenge to many eminent phylogenetic botanists who have variously ascribed it to a number of primitive families. Current thought places it in a family of its own, Austrobaileyaceae, with rather obscure affinities.
Austrobaileya was named in honour of two Baileys, F. M. Bailey the noted Queensland botanist, and I. W. Bailey, U.S.A. (S. L. Everist, pers. coi.). The association of the name Austrobaileya with F. M. Bailey and C. T. White, the doyens of the first century of Queensland botany, the endemic nature of the genus and the challenge it has presented the botanical world make Austro- baileya a very apt title for this new journal.
The emergence of “Austrobaileya” sees the demise of “Contributions from the Queensland Herbarium”. During the past decade, at irregular intervals, twenty issues of the latter series were published. Each contribution covered a single taxonomic subject, some of a very restricted nature, others extensive, some in great detail. Such a format is not suited to the publication of shorter notes which may be of great taxonomic interest. The new journal has been devised to allow greater flexibility in publication and each part may contain a varied collection of papers, mainly of taxonomic interest.
Dr. §. T. Blake and, in later years, Mr. L. Pedley have maintained in “Contributions” a high standard of presentation and publication. The task of guiding “Austrobaileya” lies with Mr. Pedley and, I believe the first part makes a major contribution towards better understanding of the Queensland flora.
R. W. JOHNSON, Director.
Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane. 10 March 1977.
Austrobaileya 1 (1): 1-10 (1977) FOUR NEW SPECIES OF EUCALYPTUS
By 8S. T. Blake*
Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane
Summary
Three new species of Eucalyptus from Queensland, FE. brassiana, E. henryi and E. melanoleuca, and one from Malesia, E. wrophylla, are described and their relationships and distribution discussed.
Eucalyptus brassiana S. T. Blake, sp. nov. affinis E. tereticorni sed cortice trunci
plus persistenti, alabastris majoribus, fructu fnajore disco angustiore differt. Typus: Blake 20194.
Arbor 15—20m alta, corona sparsa et ramulis + pendulis praedita. Cortex dimorphus in trunco (saltem sub medio) persistens cinereus sulcatus vel rimosus usque ad 1:2cm crassus, alibi griseus vel caesius vel cremeus, laevis in schedis taeniformibus tenuibus decorticans. Ramuli tenues, angulati juvenes compressi. Folia alterna raro subopposita petiolis tortis 1+:2—2-2 cm longis anguste lanceolata =< falcata gradatim acuta, ad basam saepe obliquam angustata, subtus primo pallidiora tantem concoloria vel fere concoloria, crebre punctata, plerumque 10-17 cm longa 1-2:8cm lata, pro more 7—15~ies longiora quam lata; costa supra leviter impressa subtus prominens, nervi tenues haud conspicui, laterales primarii utrinsecus costam 25-30 sub angulo 30°-5S0° abeuntes nervus intra marginalis a margine 0:7-2mm_ distans reticulationes obscurae. Umbellae in axillis superioribus sitae saepe etiam speciminibus terminales, singulae, pedunculis 1-2 cm longis, 4-7 florae; pedicelli 5-10 mm longi, graciles, sursum sub fructu incrassati. Alabastra angustuis ovoidea + acuta vel acuminata, 14-17 mm longa, 6-7 mm lata, tenuiter rugulosa; — tubus calycis late cyathiformis, parte superiore libra operculum conicum, acutum atque leviter acuminatum vel leviter curvum, tubo equilatum et 3-—3-5-ies longius. Stamina ca lcm longa, omnia fertilia; antherae versatiles, obovato—oblongae, cellulis parallelis in rimis longitudinalibus dehiscentibus; glans magna dorsalis. Ovariumn semisuperum, pars superior a tubo calycis distans; breviter cylindricus apice late conicum; discus tenuis partem ovarii cylindricum tegens, Fructus ambitu latissime ellipticus vel circularis, circa 10-13 mm longus 9-11 mm latus; tubus cyathiformis calyci dimidiam longitineum formans, fere laevis, margine angustus planusque; discus tenuis, vittaeformis, altus, capsulae adpressus; capsula semiexserta; valvae 4—5 omnes exsertae, subdeltoideae, incurvae, dimidiam partem exsertam capsulae adaequantes interdum style cuspidatae. Plantulae glabrae, caule acutissime tetraquetra + alato; folia juvenilia 5-8 jugata in petiolis brevibus angustatae discoloria, anguste elliptica vel anguste elliptica ovala usque angustissime ovata 3-7-ies longiora quam latiora -+ obtusa; folia intermedia (e surculis orta) alterna, petiolata, ovata, usque 15cm longa et 7-3 cm Jata, duplo longiora quam lata.
Trees 15-20 m tall, crown sparse and branchlets pendulous. Bark with two forms, on the trunk persistent up to about the middle, ash grey, furrowed or with numerous fissures, to 1-2 cm thick, elsewhere grey, lavender-blue or cream, smooth, decorticating in thin ribbon-like sheets. Branchlets thin, angular, flattened when young. Leaves alternate rarely sub-opposite with twisted petioles 1-2- 2:2cm long, narrowly lanceolate -+ falcate gradually acute, often obliquely narrowed at the base, at first paler below becoming concolorous or nearly so,
* Died 24 February 1973.
Z
closely punctate, mostly 10-17 cm long, 1-2-8 cm wide, commonly 7-15 times longer than wide; midvein slightly impressed above prominent below, fine veins inconspicuous, with 25-35 primary veins on each side subtending at between 30°--50°; intermarginal vein 0-7~2 mm from the margin; reticulations obscure. Umbels solitary in the upper axils and also terminal in some specimens, with peduncles 1-2 cm long; 4-7 flowers on slender pedicels 5-10 mm long not thickened below the fruit. Flower buds narrow ovoid -—. acute or acuminate, 14-17 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, somewhat finely wrinkled; calyx tube broadly cyathiform, superior part free; operculum conical, acute and slightly acuminate or curved, as wide as the tube and 3-3-5 times longer. Stamens ca 1 cm long, all fertile, anthers versatile obovate—oblong, cells parallel dehiscing by longtitud- inal slits, glands large and dorsal. Ovary semisuperior, the superior part separated from the calyx tube, shortly cylindrical, broadly conical at the apex; narrow disc partly concealing the cylindrical part of ovary. Fruit very broadly elliptical or circular in outline about 10-13mm long, 9-11 mm wide, calyx cyathiform the tube making up half the length, nearly smooth, margin narrow and flat; disc thin, bandlike, raised, adpressed to the capsule; capsule semi-exsert; valves 4—5 all exsert subdeltoid, incurved, included and exserted parts of capsule about equal, sometimes with pointed style. Seedling glabrous; stem very acutely tetraquetrous ++ winged; juvenile leaves 5—8 in pairs tapered into short petioles, discolorous, narrowly elliptical or narrowly elliptic-ovate to most narrowly ovate, 3-7 times longer than wide -- obtuse; intermediate leaves (and reversion growth) alternate, petiolate, ovate, to 15 cm long and 7-3 cm wide, twice as long as wide.
Type: Cooktown, 28 Jan 1958, §. T. Blake 20194 (BRI, holo; NSW, FRI, K, iso).
New GurINeA: West New Guinea: Along track to Keliki, Aug 1941, Anta 245, Papua: Wassi Kussa R., Feb 1890, AfcGregor; Tarara, Wassi Kussa R., Dec 1936, Brass 8402: Tarara, Jan 1937, Brass 8719; Dara L, Apr 1936, Brass 6428, Dec 1950, Jackson NGF 2748; Feb 1953, Hart NGF 5022A; Dagwa, Oriomo R., Mar 1934, Brass 5947, 6004, 6005, Dec 1950, Jackson NGF 2729, Mar 1953, Hart NGF 5022; Wuroi, Oriomo R., Mar 1934, Brass 6020; 8°50’S 143°15°R, Jan 1959, Gray & White NGF 10435. Queensland: Cook District: Weipa, Jul 1962, Baxter 2441; Wenlock, 13°06’S 142°57’E, Jul 1968, Pedley 2763; Mcllwrath Range, Silver Plains Stn, Aug 1966, Voick; near Finch Bay, Cooktown, Jun 1968, MfeKern; Bloomfield R., Petrie; Lankelly Ck, 8 miles NE Coen, Oct 1969, Webb & Tracey 8357; between Portland Roads and Iron Range, Oct 1968, Webb & Tracey 8356.
This species is found on river levees outside riverain forest often in pure stands or in “savannah” forests usually associated with other species of the genus.
E. brassiana resembles E. tereticornis Sm. more closely than any other in its foliage, long operculum, partly superior ovary and capsule, the lower part of the free portion covered by the disc, the claw-like incurved valves and seeds, but the trunk has much greater development of persistent thick bark, the leaves show a tendency to be discolorous, the buds and fruit are larger and the disc in the fruit is thinner, not domed and does not extend over the rim of the calyx tube. The fruits resemble those of EZ. exserta F. Muell, of eastern Queensland but this species usually has much smaller buds and fruits with a relatively shorter operculum, less of the disc on the free portion of the ovary and the valves of the capsule + excurved at the base before incurving upwards so that the outline of the fruit is not circular, very narrow intermediate leaves and brown rather than red wood.
The rough persistent bark often extends into the crown of the larger trees-but-a ~~~
shrubby states are known with a comparatively small amount of persistent bark.
E., brassiana differs from both EF. tereticornis and E. exserta in the tendency to flower only in the upper axils; frequently with an umbel apparently terminating the twigs so that the flowers appear to be on the crown rather than within it.
Figure 1. Eucalyptus brassiana S. T. Blake. Drawing supplied by the Director, Division of Botany, Department of Forests, Lae, Papua New Guinea.
4
Eucalyptus henryi S. T. Blake, species nova affinis KE. maculatae Hook. et E, citriodorae Hook., sed alabastris unicostatis, operculo calycis tubo aequilato subaequilongo rugosulo, foliis intermediis multo majoribus glabris rarissime peltatis praecipue differt. Typus: Blake 19889.
Arbor magna trunco lacunis crebris impressa, cortice laevi deciduo + maculato obtecta; ramuli acute angulati -: tetraquetri, Folia juvenilia circa 10, omnia alterna, longe peticlata, sparsim setosa, ovata 1-2 suprema interdum peltata, discoloria, venorum lateralium paribus 4 vel pluribus praedita. Felia intermedia alterna, breviuscule petiolata, ut plurimum 1-2 infima peltata, vel oblonga vel ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, -- caudato-acuminata, glaberrima, viridia, plurivenosa, rigida, usque ad 30 cm Jonga et 15 cm lata, superiora + concoloria. Folia adulta alterna, petiolata, glaberrima, minime discoloria; petioli robusti 1-2-5cm longi; laminae lanceolatae, longe acuminatae Jeviter falcatae vel fere rectac, 16-28 cm longae, 2-7--4:5 cm latae, 5—7-ies longae quam latae, venis utrinsecus costam 45—55 ex angulo 35°—S0° progredien- tibus rectis sursum deviter incurvis vel subflexuosis in nerve intramarginalem @-5—0-9 mm a margine distantem concurrentibus, Flores in paniculis umbellarum 3-florarum axillartbus vel lateralibus dispositi, ramis ramulisque brevibus crassique; pedicelli 34mm longi, + 3 mm crassi. Alabastri ellipsoideo-obovoidei acuminati, 1—cotati, punctulati, circa 12-13 mm longi, 7-8 mm lati; operculum duplex, late subconicum breviter acuminatum, rugulosum, nitidutum, circumcissum, calycis tubum < adaequans et eo aequilatum. Stamina omnia fertitlia, exteriora circa IS mm longa: antherae versatiles, obovato-oblongae, celfulis parallelis per totam longitudinem rima dehiscentibus, glandula dorsali magna praeditae. Fructus suburceolati lignosi, verrucosi (an semper?) breviter pedicelati, circa 2cm longi ef 1-6 cm lati, ore 0-8 mm crassi; capsula profunde inclusa 3-valvis. Semina fertilia irregulariter ovata, compressa, nec marginata nec alata.
Large tree with many depressions on trunk, bark smooth, deciduous +: maculate; branchlets acutely angled = square. Juvenile leaves about 10 all alternate, with long petioles, sparsely setose, ovate, 1-2 upper ones sometimes peltate, discolorous, having 4 or more equal lateral veins. Intermediate leaves alternate; somewhat petiolate, at the most the lowest 1-2 peltate, oblong, ovate or ovate lanceolate “= caudate-acuminate, glabrous, green, many veined, rigid to 30cm long and 15cm wide, upper ones =: concolorous. Adult leaves alternate, petiolate, glabrous, very rarely discolorous; petiole robust 1-2-5 cm long; lamina lanceolate acuminate, slightly falcate or almost straight, 16-28 cm long, 2°7-4-5em wide 5-7 times long as wide, veins 45-55 on each side of the midvein at an angle of 35—S0", straight, below slightly incurved or subflexuose concurrent with the intramarginal vein at a distance of 0:5—0:9 mm from the margin. Fiewers in panicle of 3—flowered umbels, axillary or laterally arranged, branches and branchlets short and thick; pedicels 3-4 mm long + 3 mm thick. Flower buds ellipsoid-obovoid, acuminate, single ribbed, punctulate, about 12— 13mm long, 7-8mm wide; operculum double, broadly subconical, shortly acuminate, ruguiose, shiny, circumciss, the calyx tube +=: equal to it and equally wide. Stamens all fertile, outside ones about 15 mm long; anthers versatile, obovate-oblong, cells parallel dihiscing by splitting the total length, each with a large dorsal gland. Fruit suburceolate, woody, verrucose, shortly pedicellate about 2 cm long and 1-6¢m wide, rim 0-8 mm thick; capsule with three valves deeply included. Fertile seed irregularly ovate, compressed without margins or wings.
Type: Stafford near Brisbane, 8 Jan 1956, S. T. Blake 19889 (BRI, holo: NSW, FRI, CANB, K, iso) :
Queensland, Moreton District: Parish of Bunya, Massie 17; Stafford, in 1953 Blake 19233; near Gold Creek, Feb 1956, Srevens; near Goodna, Aug 1942 Richards (hb. Forestry School, Canberra), in 1953, Henry; Mt Gravatt, Aug 1926, White 926: Kuraby, Jan 1922, White; Brisbane, cultivated seedlings, Mar 1954, Blake 19252.
5
All the localities are within or close to the boundary of the City of Greater Brisbane, but I have seen from the train trees of what appears to be the same species southward from Brisbane almost to Grafton, New South Wales. It is a constituent of Eucalyptus forest on stony or shallow soil and has been regarded as a broad-leaved form of EF. maculata Hook., a species widely spread in SE Queensland in similar habitats. These two species resemble one another in bark, but the much larger leaves of FE. henryi give to the crown a heavier and denser appearance: Herbarium specimens are coarser in every way, ‘The operculum is almost or quite as long as the calyx-tube and about as wide as it instead of decidedly shorter and broader as in E. maculata while the whole bud bears a narrow rib or angle from pedicel to the tip of the operculum. Young plants of the new species are very different from those of FE. maculata and &. citriodora. Seedlings of the latter two are strongly setose with leaves that are peltate except for the first few, the peltate setose leaves being rather numerous and found also on coppice growth and reversion shoots on mature trees. On seedlings of E. Aenryi peltate leaves are rare, the scanty bristles soon disappear, and the relatively enormous stiff intermediate leaves are very characteristic of older seedlings and coppice shoots; growth is also very slow compared with the others. In the adult leaves, the angle of divergence of the lateral veins is slightly wider in E. henry’. The latter is figured under FE. maculata in Maiden, Crit. Rev. Eucalyptus 5: (1922) pl. 178, figs. 2a-c; the buds in 2b are immature.
E, maculata and E. citriodora resemble each other very closely, much more closely than either resembles Z. henryi. On the whole, E. citriodora has ~ somewhat narrower, rather more acute intermediate leaves, scarcely dimpled trunk, and somewhat smaller flowers with relatively slender pedicels as long or as longer than the calyx-tube. They were placed in the Corymbosae- Peltatae by Blakely, but with /. henryi they differ from the Corymbosae as defined by me in Aust. J. Bot. 1: 229-30 (1953) by the alternate juvenile leaves, the less regular lateral veins of the adult leaves at a more acute angle to the midrib, axillary (not terminal) panicles, few (not several) flowers in each umbel, and sharply circumciss opercula. The usually complete absence of opposite leaves from the seedlings is noteworthy, but a single pair following the cotyledons is sometimes found; I have not been able to find 4—5 pairs in &. citriodora as described by Maiden, op, cit, 8; 184 (1933) and Blakely Key, Eucalyptus 93 (1934), nor the 5—6 pairs for &. maculata described by Blakely on p, 94, Maiden, /.c., Col. Pl. 4-5, figs 29a, 30, 31, figured no opposite leaves on either species. From the examples seen, there is a tendency in E, maculata for the early juvenile leaves to be broader on seedlings raised from seed from southern New South Wales and Victoria than those seedlings from seed from northern New South Wales and Queensland.
My interest in &. henryi was roused by the field observations of Mr, N. Henry of the Queensland Department of Forestry. Thanks to him and other officers of this department, much more material of the group became available for the study, including nursery-raised seedlings of the three species, The fine series of seedlings preserved at the Australian Forestry School referred to above demonstrate the range of variability in E. maculata. E. henryi is also represented,
6
Eucalyptus melanoleuca S. T. Blake; species nova affinis E. paniculatae Sm., sed floribus fructibusque minoribus, operculo quam calycis tubo multo breviore, capsulae valvis profunde inclusis, foliis fere concoloribus juvenilibus angustioribus subsessilibus distinguenda. Typus: Blake 18975.
Arbor usque ad 30 m alta trunco ramisque majoribus cortice atro duro crasso aspero profunde sulcato obtectis, ramis minoribus ramulisque albidis laevibusque; ramuli primo angulosi mox subteretes, Folia juvenilia per paria circa 5 opposita, sessilia vel brevissime peticlata, lanceolata, discoloria, glabra, margine ct crenulata circa 3:5~Scm_ longa, 0-5—-0-9cem lata. Folia intermedia alterna, breviter peticlata, ovata, usque ad [0cm longa et 4cm lata. Folia adnita dissita, longe petiolata, leviter discoloria, glabra, marginibus interdum angustissime recurvis saepius c+ crenulata; petiolus tenuis 1-2-2:3cm longus; lamina lanceolata, sensim acute acuminata, -+ falcata plerumque circa 8-15 cm _ longa, 1-5-2-5 cm lata, plerumque 4~7-S—ies longior quam lata, nervis lateralibus haud conspicuis {5-18 utrinsecus costam ex angulo 40-45° progredientibus, nervo intra-marginali 0.5—[-[mm a margine distanti, Inflorescentia paniculata terminalis vel interdum subterminalis, foliis multo brevior; umbellae plerumque 4-6~florae; pedicilli sub flore angulosi valde compressi, circa 2~5 mm longi, sub fructu minus compressi circa 2—3+S mm longi. Alabastri subobovoidei in pedicellum sensim attenuati, 2—3-costati, circa 5-6 mm longi, circa 3-3-5 mm lati; operculum conicum acutum calyeis tubo fere obconico subduplo brevius et eo angustius. Stamina usque 4mm longa, exteriora plura ad filamenta subulata redacta; antherae subcuneatac, truncatae, ad apicem filamenti oblique affixae, apice poris dehiscentes, haud gplanduligerae. Fructus truncato-obovoidei in pedicello attenuati, + 2~3-costulati, rugulosi, circa 5—~6mm longa 4-5 mm lata, oris margine plani circa 0-7 mm crassi disco obscuro; valvae capsulae pro more 4 profunde inclusae, Semina fertilia nigerbrunnea polyhedra vel subovata, compressa, tenuissime reticulata vix striolata, J~1-4mm longa, 0-8~1-05 mm lata; semina sterilia multo minora pallidioraque, polymorpha, angulata,
Tree up to about 30m tall with trunk and larger branches covered with black, persistent, thick, rough, deeply furrowed bark; smaller branches and branchlets white and smooth; branchlets at first angular soon subterete. Juvenile foliage for about 5 pairs opposite, sessile or very shortly petiolate lanceolate discolorous, glabrous, with margin + crenulate, about 3-5—5 cm long, 0-5-0-9 cm wide. Intermediate foliage alternate, shortly petiolate, ovate to 10 cm long and 4cem wide, Adult foliage well spaced with long petioles, slightly discolorous, glab- rous, margins sometimes very narrowly recurved often = crenulate; petioles thin, 1-2—2+3 cm long; lamina lanceolate, acuminate + falcate usually about 8-15 cm long, 1:5-2:5 cm wide, usually 4-7-5 times longer than wide, primary veins not conspicuous, 15~18 on each side of the midvein at an angle of 40--45°; intra- marginal vein 0-5—1-1 mm in from the margin. Inflorescence paniculate terminal or sometimes subterminal, leaves much shorter, umbels usually 4—6 flowered; pedicels strongly compressed and angled below the flowers, about 2-5 mm long, less compressed below the fruit 2—-3:5 mm long. Flower buds subobovoid gradually attenuated into the pedicel, 2~3 ribbed, about 5-6mm long; about 3—3:5 mm wide; operculum conical, acute, calyx tube almost obconical, less than half as long and narrower than the operculum. Stamens up to 4mm long, many outside filaments reduced to fine point; anthers subcuneate, truncate, attached obliquely to the top of the filament dehiscing by apical pore, without glands. Fruit truncate- obovoid on slender pedicels -- 2-3 ribbed, rugulose, about 5-6mm_ long 4.5mm wide margin flat about 0-7 mm thick, disc obscure; capsule usually with 4 valves deeply included. Fertile seed dark brown, many sided or sub-ovate, compressed, finely reticulate rarely with fine linear markings 1—1-4 mm long, 0-8-1-5mm wide; sterile seeds much smaller and paler, variable in shape, angular.
Type: 6—7 miles N of Yarraman, Jul 1952, Blake 18975 (BRI, holo; CANB, NSW, FRI, K, iso)
7
Queensland, Burnett District: Nanango, -: 390m, May 1940, Blake 14202, Moreton District: Cooyar Range, 6-7 miles N of Yarraman, + 435m, July 1952 Blake 189735; Yarraman, Sep 1924, Cameron Y45.
This ironbark belongs in Blakely’s section Terminales and is most closely allied to E. paniculata 5m. from New South Wales from which it differs as given in the diagnosis above. The smooth white bark of the smaller branches is in strong contrast with the black deeply furrowed bark on the rest of the tree and this contrast with the dense dark green crown fairly readily distinguishes the species in the field. E. decorticans (F. M. Bail.) Maiden and E. sideraxyion A. Cunn. ex Maiden are other ironbarks in the area with smooth upper branches; the former has all or most of the branches white, FE. siderexylon has duller, less conspicuous smooth branches, while both have much larger buds and fruits and narrow juvenile and intermediate leaves. Most of the leaves of E. melanoleuca have somewhat undulate to distinctly crenulate margins, but some of the crenula- tions are the result of insect damage; if this margin is a regular feature of undamaged leaves, it will provide a useful diagnostic character.
A few stands of the species are to be found near Yarraman and, according to Cameron, it is found in rain-forest margins. It is also associated with other species of Eucalyptus in open forest.
The species epithet refers to the strongly contrasted black and white bark.
Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake, species nova affins E. albae Reinw. ex Blume sed cortici persistenti aspero rimoso squamoso-fibroso et foliis
dorsiventralibus valde discoloribus supra sine stomatibus differt. Typus: Turnbull 210 (FRI, holotypus)
Arbor altitudinem fere 50m altigens trunco + excurrente. Cortex saltem in trunco saepissime persistens asper rimosus squamoso-fibrosus, badius vel griseus in ramulis saepe etiam in rami raro etiam in parte trunco deciduis, laevis griseus in lamellis longis decorticans. Ramuli angulati. Folia dissita dorsiventralia valde discoloria longe petiolata: petioli supra sulcati pro more 1.2~3.cm longis et pro more 2-3 laminae latitudinis aequantes; laminae rectae vel leviter falcatae vulgo anguste utique angustissime ovatae interdum ovatac, caudato- acuminatae, basi cuneatae interdum obliquae, aetate -: coriaceae, maginibus leviter incrassatis leviter recurvis, supra saturate virides nitides sine stomatibus, infra multo pallidae opacae, untrique dense ‘punticulatae; pro more 7-20 cm longae acumine longo incluso 0,7—3 cm iatae, sine acumine circa (2—)3—6—plo longiores quam latiores; vena intra marginalis tenius a margine circa 06-1. mm distans; venis lateribus primaris tenuibus fere rectis plerumque subparallelis utrisectus costae 16-18 sub angulis plerumque 45°-65° abeutibus. Umbella in axillis superiores situs, solitaria, 5-8 floribus; pedunculus rectus vei fere rectus, compressus + ancipitius, basem versus -: tenuem sursum dilatatus, 8-22 mm longus; pedicelli angulati + compressi sub fructibus vix mutati, 4-10mm longi. Alabastra ellipsoidea vel admodum obovoidea breviter acuminata vel apiculata vel rotundata teretia in pedicellos abrupte discinentes, 10-14mm longa, 6-10mm lata, saepe conspicue punctata; calycis tubus —& cyathiformis supra ovarinm valde productum equans longus et latus vel sapius paullo brevior quam latus; operculum calycis tubum subaequilongum vel paullo longius, et distinete latius. Stamina omnia fertilia exteriores 6—8 mm longa: anthera versatiles obovato-oblongae cellulis parallelis in rimis longitudinalibus omnino dehiscentibus; glans magna ellipsoida dorsalis. Ovarium omnino inferum apice leviter convexo. Fructus a pedicello bene distincto, cyathiformis =: obconicus aeque longus et latus vel paulo brevior quam fatior, valvis exclusis 6-10 mm longus 7-12 mm latus, saltem supra medium pro more ecostatis fere laevis, pariete externo saepius subtenui ef margine acuto, raro margine usque lato interne descendente disco inconspicuo; operculi cicatrix leviter depressa usque 2mm lata; capsula 3-4 loculata; valvae -++ inclusa vel partem exserta, Semina fertila anrbitu irregulariter 4-6 anglati vel c+ semicirculari, tugida vel irregulariter compressa, marginibus alarum <b rotundatis, alais acutis margine obscure denticulato, faciebus tenuiter striatis et trabeculatis + 1:1~1-5 mm longo 0-81 mm lato; hilum parvum subbasale. Plantulae glabrae; lignotuber pravum vel 0; cotyledons circa duplo latiores quam longiores fere and medium bilobae; folia in paria circa 6~7 dispostia, anguste elliptica-oblonga vel elliptica usque anguste ovata obtusa, cuneata conspicuo petiolata, discoloria, Folia juvenilia glabra, subopposita, ovata vel admodum elliptica, acuta interdum apiculata vel brevissime acuminate circa 6-5 X 3.5 ~ 15 & 55cm,
8
| Tree attaining height of about 50m, trunk more or less excurrent. Bark at least on the trunk usually persistent, rough, fissured, scaly-fibrous, reddish brown or pearl grey; deciduous on the small branches and rarely on part of the trunk; smooth, grey decorticating in long strips. Stems angular. Leaves dorsi- ventral ‘and well spaced, markedly discolorous and with long petioles, Petioles grooved above, usually 1-2-3em long and usually 2-4 of the width of the leaf. Lamina straight or slightly falcate, commonly narrow or very narrowly ovate, sometimes ovate, caudate acuminate, cuneate at the base sometimes oblique, coriaceous when mature with slightly thickened and recurved margins, shining deep green and without stomates above, markedly duller and paler below, densely punctate on both sides, usually 7~20 cm long including tapering point 0-7-3em long, 0-7-3.cm wide; without the point about (2)—3-6 times longer than wide with a fine intramarginal vein about 0-6-1 mm from leaf margin and 16-28 fine almost straight and parallel primary lateral veins on each side of the midrib usually making an angle of about 45°--65°. Inflorescence a single umbel with 5-8 flowers above the axil on a straight or nearly straight, compressed -—- two angled peduncle 8-22 mm long usually slender at the base and broadened upwards. Pedicels angular, =: compressed 4-10 mm long, nearly uniform below fruit. Flower buds ellipsoid or fully obovoid, shortly acuminate, apiculate or rotund, terete, abruptly contracted into the pedicel, 10-14 mm long, 6-10 mm wide, often conspicuously punctate. Calyx tube -+ cyathiform, strongly elongated above the ovary, uniformly as long as wide or more often a little shorter than wide. Operculum about equal or slightly longer than the calyx tube and distinctly wider than it. Stamens 6-8 mm long, all the outer ones fertile; anthers versatile, obovate to oblong; cells parallel with longitudinal grooves, all dehiscent; glands large, ellipsoid, dorsal, Ovary always inferior, apex slightly convex. Fruit easily distinguished from pedicel, cyathiform or == obconie as long as wide or a little shorter than wide excluding the valves, 6-10 mm long, 7-12 mm wide, always without ribs above the middle, nearly smooth, mostly with relatively thin walls and a thin acute or rarely wide rim depressed inwards; disc inconspicuous; operculum scar slightly depressed all round, 2 mm wide; capsule 3—4 loculi; valves =: included or partly exserted. Fertile seeds irregular in outline, 4-6 angulate or =: semicircular, turgid or irregularly com- pressed, margins of the wing + round; wings acute with the margins = obscurely denticulate faces finely striated and cross hatched 1-1-1:45 mm long, 0-8-1 mm wide; hilum small, subbasal. Seedling glabrous; lignotuber small or none; cotyledons about twice as wide as long, usually bilobed about the centre; leaves arranged in pairs for about 6-7, narrowly elliptically oblong or elliptical to narrowly ovata, obtuse, cuneate, conspicuously petiolate, discal- orous, Juvenile foliage glabrous, subopposite, ovate or fully elliptical, acute, sometimes apiculate or very shortly acuminate about (6-5 & 3-5)—(15 & 5:5) cm.
Type: Timor: 20-:8km S$ of Dili on road to Maubisse, 8°38’S 125°37’E, Aug 1971, Turnbull 210 (FRI, holotype).
Habitat: On the mountains usually above 500m of the Indonesian Islands of Timor, Wetar, Flores, Lamblem and Alar. Sced has been distributed under the names of Eucalyptus ‘decaisneana’ and Eucalyptus ‘alba’ for cultivation mainly as a timber source to many parts of the tropical world.
Timor: Bioba, + 1400m, Mar 1939, Bloembergen 33; Eban, -: 800m, Mar 1924, Therik 15; Koeamoea, + 800m, Mar 1924, Fangidoe 3; 5km W of Eban, N of Soe, 1230 m, Aug 1968, Larsen 32; Moetis Ra., Fatoe Emnasi Forest Reserve, + 1400m, Apr 1937, de Grijp (4 sheets); Fatoe Emnasi, + 1500 m, Feb 1938, Afas Nasiran 7; Kipeana + 1300 m, Mar 1939, Bloembergen 37, 37a: Mar 1939, Bloembergen 38, 38a, 38b, 39: Bisila 1200 m, Sep 1933, Damanoe 25; Hole Kenoetoe, + 1000m, Mar 1939, Bloembergen 40; Saoe, 1020 m, Feb 1927, Toengea; ca 10km from Ermera towards Bobenaro, 1140 m,
9
Jul 1963, Larsen: ca 35km from Dili towards Ermera, 540m, Aug 1968, Larsen 39; near Dili, 480m, July 1963, Jacobs Til, 12 km from Dili towards Maubisse, 600m, Jul 1968, Larsen 11 and 18; 14 km from Dili towards Maubisse, 720 m, Jul 1968, Larsen 14; 2ikm from Dili towards Maubisse, 960m, Jul 1968, Zarsen 15; 25 km from Dili towards Maubisse, 1140 m, Jul 1968, Larsen 16; 36 km from Dili towards Maubisse, 1140m, Jul 1968, Larsen 17; 28km from Dili towards Maubisse, 960m, Jul 1968, Larsen 2; ca 35—40km from Dili. towards Maubisse, 1200m, Jul {968, Larsen 4; $ of Dili near Aileu, 900m, Jul 1963, Jacobs T9; near Aileu, 660m, Jul 1963, Jacobs T10; between Aileu and Maubisse, 1200m, Jul 1963, Jacobs T14; near (N of) Maubisse, 1200 m, July 1963, Jacobs T8; Maubisse on road to Turiscat, 1410m, Jul 1968, Larsen 7; divide between Maubisse Turiscai, N facing slope, 1800 m, Jul 1963, Jacobs T2; Turisca, 1530 m, Jul 1963, Jacobs T1; near (SW of) Maubisse, 1800 m, Jul 1963, Jacobs T6; near Hato, about SW of Maubisse towards Ainaro’ 2100m, Jul 1963, Jacobs TS; Mt Tatamailu, ca 2400 m, Jan 1954, van Steenis 18434, 18435; Mt Tatamailu, 2600m, Jan 1954, van Steenis 18436; Mt Tatamailu, 2800 m, Jan 1954, van Steenis 18410, 18430, 18488; Mt Tatamailu, ca 2900m, Jan 1954, van Steenis 18455; Mt Tatamailu, summit 2950m, Jan 1954, van Steenis 18462; above halfway between Maubisse and Betano 1380 m, Jul 1963, Jacobs T4; Mt Mundo Perdido, ascent from Ossu 700-1000 m, Dec 1953, van Steenis 18242, Wetar. Laroe Leng Forest, 1000 m, Jul 1924, Sastrodihardjo 13, 14; Kali M. Lerai, N of Ilwaki 900m, Apr 1939, Bloentbergen 110 and 112. Flores. Mt Lewu Tobi, Hokeng, 420 m, Jul 1968, Larsen 30; Maumere, Egon Mins, 600m, Sep 1936, de Voigd 2804, 2805, Oct 1936, de voigd 1 and 2; Mt Egon, + 1703 m, Jun 1923, Sastrodihaidjo 8; Leivowerang, ae 700m, Feb 1927, Djawa 123; Mt Larantoeha, Teijsmann HB. 7952. Lomblem. Leivo Lera, ~ 600m, Jun 1924, Sastrodihardjo 4: Leve Wehe; + 940 m, Jun 1924, Sastrodihardjo 5. Alor, Kaka, + 500 m, Aug 1924, Sastrodihardjo 32; Pido, 1350 m, Jul 1924, Sastro- dihardjo 27; Sigeker, 1100 m, Feb 1922, Sastredihardjo 25; Bare, 960 m, Aug 1924, Sastrodiftardjo 30.
Cultivated Plants. Malaya: Cameron Highlands, 1410 m, June 1953, Tapalt in Kepong FN 69452. Sumatra: Tapiannoelli, 10km N of Siborong, 1100m, Sep 1931, Huitema 133. Bogor: Garoet, Leuiviliang, Jan 1939, Kartaatmadia Ja 4681. Celebes: Makassar, Nasiran. Flores: 34 km E of Ende, 660 m, Jul 1968, Larsen 28.
FE. urophylla differs from FE. alba Reinw. ex BI. in that the trees are mostly straight with a <& excurrent trunk, brown fissile wood, rough persistent bark, more angular twigs with shorter internodes, narrow caudate acuminate often -+& falcate discolorous leaves with stomata restricted to the lower surface, shorter petioles, smaller -£ elliptic coppice leaves and on the whole a thinner, sharper rim to the fruit and more deeply inserted valves.
In the middle part of its altitudinal range on Timor, the rough bark tends to extend well into the crown with only the smailer twigs having smooth deciduous bark. In the upper altitudes about 2000 m and upwards there seems to be a strong tendency for the smooth bark to extend to the larger branches and even to the trunk itself. These “half barked” trees as they would be somewhat fancifully called in Australia are also found where the two species meet and sometimes as strays well below the usual lower limits of the range-—in other words in more extreme habitats. These trees have acquired distinctive local names and have been presumed that they are hybrids between the two species. Hybrids undoubtedly occur and at least some of them are intermediate in growth form and timber as well as having leaves +: intermediate in form, faintly discolourous, stomata on both surfaces but definitely fewer on the upper surface. Bloembergen 38 (bb 27094—5) from a “half barked” tree has leaves, buds, flowers and fruit much more like the general run of F. urephylia (and with stomata restricted to the lower surface of the leaf} than his 37—37a (bb 27092; 27093) without fruit from an entirely rough barked tree which has unusually narrow leaves and unusuaily small buds and flowers. His 31 (bb 27084) from another “half barked” tree with leaves with about 4 of the somata on the upper surface and surely represents a hybrid.
On Flores it appears that there is a strong tendency for the smooth bark to extend over the whole tree.
Austrobaileya 1 (1): 11-12 (1977)
MISCELLANEOUS NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN PTERIDOPHYTES. I.
By S. B. ANDREWS
Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane
Blechnum articulatum (F. Muell.) S$. B. Andrews, comb. nov. Based on Lomaria articulata F, Muell., Fragm. 5:187 (1866). Type: Queensland, Head of Mackay River (Tully River), Dallachy, MEL 59536 (seen).
Mueller first described the Queensland fern Lomaria articulata, distinguishing it from Lomaria euphlebia Kunze. The latter is now correctly known as Plagio- gyria euphlebia (Kunze) Mett. but the former is a species of Blechnum as pointed out by E. B. Copeland in his Ferns of Fiji: 58 (1929), See also Philip. J. Sci. 38:384 (1929). Baker, in Synopsis Filicum: 183 (1868), combined the two under Lomaria euphlebia and he was followed by various authors including F, M. Bailey in Lith. Ferns Qd: 87 (1892) and Od Flora: 1965 (1902), C. Christensen in Index Filicum: 495 (1906) and Domin in Bibl. Bot. 85:147 (1913), each combined them under Plagiogyria euphlebia. Subsequently in Suppl. 3 of the Index Filicum the combination Plagiogyria articulata (F. Muell.) Ching was made, deleting the name of the Queensland fern as a synonym of P, euphlebia.
Professor R. E, Holttum kindly located Mueller’s specimen of Lomaria articulata, at Kew, bearing Ching’s label Plagiogyria articuiata. In a personal communication he states “This is the origin of the reference to Plagiogyria; it was simply reported to Christensen who entered it with Ching’s name in the third Supplement of Index Filicum; there is nothing else published about the transfer.”. He continues, “The specimen most certainly represents a species of Blechnum (Lomaria). It has exactly the indusia of Lomaria and also similar sporangia; spores are monolete and smooth; perhaps they are young’. I found the spores on mature plants to be verrucate,
I have examined the holotype and other specimens kindly sent on loan by the Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens and National Herbarium, Melbourne in addition to specimens held in the Queensland Herbarium.
A description will be included in the forthcoming Handbook to the Ferns and Fern-allies of Queensland,
Christella subpubescens (B1.) Holtt. ‘Keffordii’? comb. nov. Based on Aspidium molle Sw. forma keffordii F. M. Bail., Qd Agric. J, 20:242 (1908). Aspidium truncatum (Poir, in Lam.) Gaud. var. keffordii (F. M. Bail.) F. M. Bail., Compreh. Cat. Qd PL: 645 (1913).
I have examined the type of the above and found it to belong to Christella subpubescens (Bl.) Holtt. It is not a forma or variety in the sense of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature but rather a cultivar, although collected in the wild.
B
12
As a preliminary to the publication of a checklist and handbook of the ferns and fern-allies of Queensland, the following new combinations are made.
Crypsinus simplicissimus (F. Muell.) S, B. Andrews, comb. nov. Based on Polypodium simplicissimum F, Muell., Fragm. 7:120 (1870); 156 (1871). Type: Queensland, mountains near Rockingham Bay, J. Dallachy (not seen),
Ctenopteris fuscopilosa (F. Muell, & Bak.) S. B. Andrews, comb. nov. Based on
Polypodium fuscopilosum F, Muell. & Bak., J. Bot. 163 (1887). Type: Queensland: Bellenden Ker Range, Sayers & Davidson (not seen).
Ctenopteris gordonii (Watts) $. B. Andrews, comb. nov. Based on Polypodium gordonii Watts, Proc. Linn, Soc, N.S.W, 39:792 (1915). Type: Queensland: Tully Falls, Watts & Gordon (not seen), Isotypes BRI 182219, BRI 114724 (seen).
Ctenopteris maidenii (Watts) S. B. Andrews, comb. nov. Based on
Polypodium maidenii Watts, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 39:793 (1915). Type: Queensland: Evelyn Scrub, R. F. Wailer (not seen).
Ctenopteris walleri (Maiden & Betche) S. B, Andrews, comb. nov. Based on
Polypodium walleri Maiden & Betche, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 35:799 (1910). Type: Queensland: Herberton District, F. Waller (not seen). Isotype: BRI 182218 (seen),
Microsorum superficiale (B1.) Ching var. australiense (F, M. Bail.) S. B. Andrews, comb. nov. Based on
Polypodium superficiale BI. var, australiense F. M. Bail, Qd Bull. 13 (Bot. Bull. 4) 21 (1891). Type: Queensland: Atherton, C. J. Wild BRI 182653 (seen).
Oenotrichia dissecta (C. T. White & D. A. Goy) S. B. Andrews, comb. nov. Based on
Leptolepia dissecta C, T. White & D. A. Goy. Vict. Nat. 54:149 (1938), Type: Queensland, Mt. Spurgeon. C. T. White BRI 26561 (seen).
The above combination was listed in Check List N. Od Ferns, N. Qd Nat. Club, Publ. No. 3:5 (1946). There is no indication there that a new combination was intended or of the name(s) of the author(s} making the change. There is no reference to the basionym or place of publication of a description or diagnosis of the fern. It seems to me very doubtful that the new combination was validly published in the place cited (or anywhere else as far as I can trace) and therefore make it above,
Pteridium semihastatum (Wall. ex Ag.) S. B. Andrews, comb. nov. Based on
Pteris semihastaia Wall., List: no. 102 (1829), nomen nudum; Agardh, Rec, Pterid. 48 (1839). Type: Singapore (not seen).
Austrobaileya 1 (1): 13~22 (1977)
NOTES ON SOLANUM (SOLANACEAE) IN AUSTRALIA
By R. J. F. Henderson
Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane
Summary
Solanum callium sp. nov. (2n==48) occurs in north eastern New South Wales and south eastern Queensland. Typification of S. villosunt Miller, S. americanteun Miller and S. gracile Dunal is discussed.
Solanum callium C,. T. White ex R. J. F. Henderson, species nova $. super- ficienti Adelbert affinis sed floribus paucioribus magnioribus, in inflorescentia supra-axillari portatibus, fructibus magnioribus in pedicellos longiores nutantes portatibus, foliis papyraceis tenuioribus differt. Typus: 28° 27'S, 152° 42’E; ca 35 km NW of Kyogle, New South Wales, Dec 1968, Henderson H489 (lowers) (holotypus BRI 178893, isotypus BRI 178894, isotypi distribuendi K, NSW, CANB); 28° 18S, 152° 5B, Levers Plateau, QId/N.S.W. border, ca 90 km SSW of Brisbane, Apr 1972, Henderson H1289 (fruits) (paratypi BRI 198961/2, isoparatypi distribuendi K, NSW, CANB).
Frutex inermis, usque ad 5m altus; caules glabri usque ad 3cm diam. Folia solitaria vel aliquando bina (ubi subaequalia vel disparia), anguste lanceolata vel anguste elliptica, utrinque opacoviridia sed subtus leviter pallidiora; in planta viva textura papyracea, margine ++ undulata, et nervis lateralibus subtus elevatis, in speciminibus siccis textura tenuiter papyracea (paene membranacea ) et nervis praecipuis tenuibus et + wutrinque similibus; apice acuta, basi cuneata in petiolum angustata; supra glabra, infra glabra praeter pilis simplis paucis secus costam ef venas principales vel tantum in junectura costae venis primatiis vel omnino decalvata, guitis numerosis minutis -&t elevatis opacis saepe praeditis; lamina (2°5—-)}8~16(—23°5) om longa, (1°3~-)3-6(-8:5) com data; petiolus 0-5-4 cm longus. -Inflores- centiae supra-axillares, cincinnorum simplicium (vel raro compositorum ordinis primt), floribus ca 9(—15 vel ~30 wbi pedunculum furcatum) sed flores plerumaque cadentes cicatvices conspictiae pedunculis relinguentes; pedunculi simplices (vel raro 1-furcati) erecti vel ascendentes, 0-5—1 cm longi ad florescentia in fructo usque ad 3cm longi; rhachis recurva, internodiis condensatis; pedicelli usque ad icm, usque ad 3cm longi post florescentiam elongati et in fructo nutantes, expansi abrupte apicem versus sed subtus fructum -& constricti. Calyces ad florescentia campanulati, in fructo apptanati fructus subtendentes; tubus brevis, ca 2mm longus; lebi -- semicirculares, obtuse, 0:4—l1.mm longi, 1:4—-1:6.mm lati. Corollae albae; tubus 2—3 mm longus; lobi ovati-lanceolati, venatione reticulata. conspicua, acuti, ca 5-7 mm longi, 3~4mm lati, glabri, aliquantum coriacei, apicem versus cucullati papillosi. Ovarium glabrum, stylus rectus, 5~6mm longus, 2~3-5mm antheras excedens. Stamina 3—4 mm longa; antherae 2:6-3-7.mm longae, atro-aurantiacae, in ambitu ellipticae. Pollina (19-)20-24 # diam. Baecae 1~5 in infructescentiis omnis, globosae, atro-aurantiacae, poly- spermae, carnosae, aliquantum nitidae, 1-1: 5(—2) cm: diam.: semina oblique reniformia, plana, 3-4.mm longa, 2~3mm data, straminea. Chromosomatum numerus 2n—48.
Shrub without prickles, up to 5 metres tall; stems slender, glabrous, up to Som diameter, Leaves solitary or sometimes two together (where sub-equal or unequal in size), narrowly lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, on both sides dull green but slightly paler below, in the living plant thin textured, the margins =: undulate and the lateral nerves raised on the undersurface, in dried specimens papery textured (almost membranous) with main nerves fine and -£ similar on both surfaces; apex acute; base cuneate, drawn out narrowly along the petiole;
Plate 1. Holotype of So/anum callium C. T. White ex R. J. Henderson.
15
upper surface glabrous, lower surface glabrous except for a few simple hairs along- side the midrib and principal nerves or only at the junction of midrib and principle nerves or becoming completely glabrous, often marked with numerous minute ck raised opaque spots; lamina (2-5—-)8-16(—23:5) cm long, (1:3~—)3-6 (—8:5) cm broad; petiole 0:5—4 cm long. Inflorescences supra-axillary, of simple (or rarely first order compound) cincinnal cymes, ca 9 (~15 or —30 when peduncle branched)—flowered, but flowers mostly caduous leaving conspicuous scars on the rhachis; peduncle simple (or rarely once forked), erect or ascending, 0+5—1 cm long in flower, to 3cm long in fruit; rhachis recurved, internodes condensed; pedicels to 1 cm in flower, in fruit to 3 cm long, nutant, abruptly thickened towards the top but somewhat constricted under the fruit. Calyx in flower campanulate, in fruit flattened and subtending the fruit; tube short, ca 2 mm long; lobes + semi- circular, obtuse, 0-4--1 mm long, 1-4—1-6 mm broad. Corolla white; tube 2—3 mm long; lobes ovate-lanceolate, conspicuously reticulately veined, acute, ca 5-7 mm long, 3--4mm broad, glabrous, coriaceous, at the tip cucullate, papillose. Ovary glabrous; style straight, 5-6 mm long, exceeding the tips of the anthers by 2—3-5 mm. Stamens 3-4 mm long; anthers 2:6—3-7 mm long, dark golden yellow, elliptic in outline. Pollen (19~)20~24 ,» across. Berries 1-5 in each infructescence, globose, orange-yellow, many seeded, fleshy, somewhat shining, 1-1:5(—2) cm in diameter; seed obliquely reinform, flat, 3—4 mm long, 2-3 mm across, strami- neous. Chromosome number 2n—48.
This species appears to belong to Solanum subgenus Solanum section Leiodendra Dun. (Dunal, Sol. Syn. 20:1816).
QUEENSLAND. Moreton Distriet: Riverview, Mar 1957, Philp 57/217 (BRI); Levers Platean on Qld/N.S.W, border, ca 90 km SSW of Brisbane, Apr 1972, Henderson H1289, H1300 (BRI). New Soura Waxes. North Coast: Lismore, Feb 1891, Bauerlen NSW 72067 (NSW); Alstonville, Nov 1910, Apr 1913, Tomlins NSW 72070, NSW 72071 (NSW); Marshall Falls, Alstonville, Dec 1911, Tanner 65 CNSW); Sandiland Ranges, Nov 1904, Boorman NSW 72072 (NSW); Toonumbar, near Kyogle, Mar 1944, C. TT. White 12557 (BRI), Dec 1946, Hayes (BRI); Toonumbar State Forest, Apr 1947, Constable NSW 71565 (NSW); Whian Whian, near Lismore, Jun 1945, C. 7. White 12855 (BRI), Mar 1966, W, T. Jones 3166 (BRI); Mount Giennte slopes, Macpherson Range, Jan 1953, Constable (BRI): 28° 27'S, 152° 42’E, ca 20 miles NW of Kyogle, Dec 1968, Feb 1972, Henderson H489, H12459 (BRI).
Specimens from the National Herbarium of New South Wales, Sydney, have been examined through the courtesy of the then Director, Mr. K. Mair. They are designated by (NSW) in the citations above.
This species was recognized by C. T. White, a past Government Botanist in the Queensland Herbarium, and was tentatively named S. callium and described in manuscript by him. The name remained unpublished since his death in 1950 and only now is published in the light of my researches and promising results obtained from chemical analyses carried out on the plant by Prof. J. Swan and colleagues at Monash University, Melbourne (Bird ez al., 1976). Though the epithet “callium” was proposed by White, the description above is solely mine, It is probably derived from the Greek KadAos (Kallos) meaning beauty, probably an allusion to the fine stature and appearance of the plant,
S. callium is very closely related to S. superficiens described from Java and southern Sumatra in Indonesia, and when that species is better known, may be found to represent only a subspecies of it. I have received on loan through the coutesy of the Director, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, the holotype and paratypes cited by Adelbert (1948) and three other specimens subsequently identified as S. superficiens but not by Adelbert. These latter three are so different from the rest that they appear to be misidentified.
16
Henderson.
J
ite ex R
. Wh
T
lium C
A paratype of So/anum cal
Plate 2
17
Of the six type sheets, the holotype (Smith 641) is atypical of the set in a number of characteristics (and is noted as such in two instances in the protologue by Adelbert), though they all possibly belong to the one species. Our plants are morphologically most like the holotype specimen (unfortunately only in very young bud and with only two fruits) but differs from it principally in the fewer flowers in supra-axillary usually simple cincinnal cymes, in the fruiting stage often leaf opposed or at least well away from the leaf axils, the larger fruits on longer, pendulous pedicels and the thinner textured leaves. On the little evidence available, S. callium may have a different flowering period from S. siuperficiens (flowers December—March, fruits February-June in S. callium; in buds and: fruits in September in S. superficiens (type)) though the geographic distance and differences in latitude separating them perhaps make comparisons unwarranted, S. callium seems to differ from S. superficiens also in chromosome number. From mitoses in anther tissue (voucher H489, BRI 178893/4) I have established a somatic chromosome number of 48 in our species whereas Gerasimenko and Reznikova (1968) record 2n—24 for S. superficiens, However, I have not examined any vouchers for the identity of their material grown from seed from Bogor, Java (Vilar accession No. 36212).
The similarity of S. callium material to certain specimens of Solanum from Mexico and Central America in NSW was pomted out to White by the late Mr. R. H. Anderson of the New South Wales National Herbarium. This may have accounted for White’s failure to proceed with formal description of his material but on examination of the specimens referred to by Anderson, I find that though a close similarity does exist with one of them (Pringle 6837 [NSW 85255] from Barranca near Cuernavaca, Mexico, identified as S. triste Jacq. but most likely a specimen of S. nudum H.B.K. ex Dun. or S. antillarum O. E. Schulz) our plant differs significantly from it in a number of characters especially the fewer larger flowers, the longer anthers with larger pollen grains (15-20 » across in Pringle 6837, 19-24 » across in S. callium), the lack of branched hairs on the leaves and the glabrous ovary. Our plants fit neither description of the above species in D’Arcy’s account of Solanaceae in Panama (D’Arcy, 1974) and Dr. D’Arcy, who has seen material of our plant, states (in correspondence) that it does not resemble anything he has seen from Central or northern South America. Mr. D. Blaxell, who at my request compared duplicates of my collections (sent as S. superficiens) in K and ones sent to K by C, T. White (as S. calliumn, C. T. White 12855) with holdings of Solanum. at BM stated in correspondence that “there is nothing in the BM Carribean material which even remotely resembles the S. superficiens from Australia’, The type specimen of S. nudum (P, not seen; IDC 6209-2.61 : 1.5) appears to have shorter broader more thickly textured leaves and smaller fruit on shorter pedicels than in our plant. I have not seen any of the syntypes of S. antillarum,
The origin of S. calliuma remains in some doubt. Because of its similarity to S. superficiens and to other species of Solanuni from Central America, its relatively restricted distribution and the lack of any seemingly closely related Australian species, it might be considered an introduction of unknown origin that has been able to persist in certain habitats in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland. If this is in fact the case, it may have been described previously. On the other hand, where seen in the field, S. callitom occurs in small but definite populations, usually only on north-facing slopes at altitudes above about 500m, in essentially undisturbed rainforest margins and clearings which show few, if any, signs of incursion by naturalized
18
weedy species. It seems as much a part of the natural vegetation as the native S. aviculare Forst. f, does in such habitats. If introduced, it has not, in the three quarters of a century or more it has been here, spread as might be expected of a persistent weedy introduction in such habitats with high moisture supply, moderate temperatures, fertile soils and abundant available light.
Its occurrence as late as 1957 at Riverview (presumably in the largely settled area between Ipswich and Brisbane where the habitat would be most atypical for S. callium) is inexplicable. Uf label data has been correctly inter- preted, it may point to the species being introduced. However, cuttings grown in the glasshouse and later transplanted outdoors in Brisbane failed to prosper and died quite rapidly. |
The species most likely to be confused with S. callium in Australia are S. aviculare Forst. f. and its allies (Cincluding S. vescum F. Muell, and S, linearifolium WHerasimenko), S. pseudocapsicum L. and perhaps S. viride R.Br. From the former group it is clearly distinguished by its pure white flowers and light green entire leaves and stem tips (as opposed to lilac to purple flowers and dark green to purplish stems and usually conspicuously lobed leaves at least in the first two species). §. viride from North Queensland is distinguished from it by the lilac flowers in large usually compound cymes with petals always stellate pubescent on the outer surface and the smaller pisiform fruit. S$. pseudoecapsicurn, an introduced, widely naturalized species with white flowers and orangy-red fruits, is much smaller in stature (in Australia rarely attaining more than 1-5m in height) and has only one or two flowers per inflorescence each succeeded by a fruit about 1-5 cm across but borne on an erect pedicel and subtended by a calyx with subulate lobes.
Solanum villosum Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : no. 2 (1768),
In my recent account of this and related species in Australia (Henderson, 1974 p. 54), I misquoted details regarding the nomenclatural type of the above species, There is a sheet with a specimen of S. villosum in the British Museum (Natural History) to which I referred, which carries the following labels:— (a) A rectangular label on which is written by an unknown hand “692. Solanum
officinarum acinis puniceis C.B. 166. 1735”. [C.B. 166=Caspar Bauhin,
Pinacis Theatri Botanici etc. p. 166, 1623, This specimen 692 was grown
and collected in 1735, See also Britten, 1913],
(b) A printed label attached to (a) stating
“Plants from Chelsea Physick Garden sent to the Royal Society in accordance
with Sir Hans Sloane’s Deed of Conveyance to the Apothecaries Company
1722-96,”
(c) A label on which is printed “Type Specimen” and carrying the following handwritten unsigned notation:
“Solanum officinarum, acinis puniceis of Miller, Chelsea Garden 1735, which
became Solanum villosum (non L.) Miller Dict. no. 2, 1768”.
(d) An annotation pencilled in an unknown hand
Me bs Pay miniatum Bernh.
Solanum villosum Mill. Dict no, 2!”
In addition the sheet is stamped “Chelsea Garden” on the reverse.
This specimen is obviously therefore not from Miller’s herbarium as I stated but one of the specimens sent from the Chelsea Physic Garden under Sir Hans Sloane’s Deed of Conveyance during Miller’s time there, In spite of this, it need not necessarily be excluded from consideration as type of a Miller name as Britten (1913) would have all such specimens.
19
Dr, W. 'T. Stearn of the British Museum (National History) stated (per. comm.) that these specimens are an indication of plants growing in the Chelsea Physic Garden during Miller’s curatorship and as such warrant careful con- sideration when seeking to typify Miller’s species names (see also Stearn’s published comments to Barclay regarding typification of Miller’s Datura names (Barclay, 1959) and Stearn, 1972), |
Miller stated in the preface to the seventh (1759) edition of his Dictionary that “. . . here it is but doing Justice to the Work, to observe, that the Descrip- tions given of the Plants are not copied from Books, but are taken from Nature. The far greater Number are from the growing Plants, which the Author has under his Care, and the others are from dried Samples, which are well preserved; of which he has, perhaps, as large a Collection as can be found in the Possession of any private Person.” There is no reason to doubt that the same applied to edition eight and for that matter any of the earlier editions of his Dictionary.
Thus, nomenclatural types of Miller’s names are specimens (if such exist) and not illustrations or plates (or specimens on which these were based) or descriptions in the works of other authors.
Specimens in Miller’s own herbarium are of first consideration for in his own (printed) words, these could have been the actual specimens from which his descriptions were drawn up,
Miller’s specimens in the Sloane herbarium are of second consideration for these are of plants grown under his care which according to Dandy (p. 167) and Britten (p. 134), Sloane stated were “gathered, dryed and fastened by Miller”. There is however, no certainty that they formed the basis for the des- cription in his dictionaries.
Of third and perhaps least importance are the Chelsea plants sent at Sloane’s direction to the Royal Society during Miller’s time there (i.e, up to no, 2400 which was transmitted in 1769). There is no guarantee that Miller actually saw these particular plants but at least they are of plants grown in the Garden under his care which he said formed the principal basis for his descriptions.
Britten (1913) detailed the history and fate of the Miller herbarium which is now housed in the general collection of the British Museum (Natural History).
With regards typification of S. villostwn, I believe there is no specimen labelled as such or as Solanum officinarum, acinis puniceis from the Miller herbarium in BM. According to Mr, D. Blaxell, there are no specimens labelled with either of the above names in the Sloane Herbarium either, Chelsea plant 692 above now comes under consideration for typification of S. villosum. It is labelled as Solanum officinarum acinis puniceis and was collected in 1735, In edition 2 of Miller’s Dictionary (1733), the second species dealt with under Solanum was Solanum officinarum acinis puniceis. It seems logical to believe that the identification of a Chelsea Garden specimen collected only two years after the appearance of the Dictionary would have been correct, It is not discordant with the protologue description.
Strictly speaking this specimen can only be chosen as lectotype if it is cer- tain that Miller actually saw the specimen (ICBN: Guide for the Determination of Types 4a). Since this will never be known, it is probably more precise to designate it as a neotype. I here reaffirm selection of this specimen as type but redesignate it neotype.
20
Solanum gracile Dunal in DC., Prodromus 13 (1):54 (1852).
With respect to Australian plants identified as S. gracilius Herter in my previous account (Henderson, 1974), typification of Dunal’s S. gracile was critical. In my paper, published on 2 September 1974, I nominated a specimen grown in the Montpellier Gardens and preserved in the De Candolle herbarium as lectotype (IDC 800-61.2063:111.7), In his account of Solanaceae for the Flora of Panama, issued on 3 July, 1974, D’Arcy cited as type of S. gracile Dunal, “Hort. Monsp. 1831 (MPU)”, without any explanation as to what kind of type this specimen was or any discussion on the material.
In the protologue to S. gracile (excluding S. gracile var. microphyllum) Dunal cited five specific herbarium collections (four in “h Mus. Paris’ (=P) and one in “h. DC.”), and stated that the species was grown from seed “in hort. Monsp. et Genev.” He further stated at the end of the species description that he had studied dried material “-in h. DC. h. Mus. Paris-” and had seen living plants. Dunal cannot be credited with nominating a holotype (citation of “hort Berol. e sem. hort. Monsp”. after the name is merely an indication of the origin of the name, a fact which is verified by a note on one of the syntypes in G-DC (Henderson, 1974 p. 48)). All specimens cited and referred to in the protologue are therefore syntypes. I cannot see that any herbarium material in MPU whether collected, labelled or determined by Dunal can strictly qualify for syntype status. At best they may be proved to be iso-syntypes.
The 1972 International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN)-—~-Guide for Determination of Types states under 4a that “a lectotype must be chosen from among elements that were definitely studied by the author up to the time the name of the taxon was published and included in the protologue”’ (italics mine), and under 4c that “. . . If no holotype was designated by the original author and if syntypes exist, one of them must be chosen as the lectotype” (see also Article 7).
For these reasons | reject D’Arcy’s citation as an incorrect citation of the type of S. gracile Dunal. This may seem trivial since D’Arcy (i.c.) synonymized S. gracile Dunal (and S. douglasii Dunal) under S. nigrescens Mart. & Gal. in his account. From my experimental work (Henderson, ic.) living plants of S. douglasii (as typified by the holotype in G-DC) and those of S. gracilius (=S. gracile as typified by my previous lectotypification) are clearly of morphologically distinct species and can be distinguished even in the dried state. I have stated why I do not accept 5. nigrescens for plants of S. douglasil.
In addition, D'Arcy (1974b) formally described specimens of plants culti- vated in New Zealand, as 8. americanum var. baylisii and indicated that this is the taxon that Baylis in 1958 considered was S. gracile Duna!. From his proto- logue they appear identical with ones I grew from seed sent from Professor Baylis as §. gracile (BRI) which I considered were conspecific with Dunal’s species (as Baylis did) and the specimen selected by me as lectotype of S. gracile Dun, The characteristics given by D’Arcy to distinguish his variety from S. americanum var. americanum are well within the normal range of variation of §. gracilius. J therefore treat S, americanum var. baylisii as a synonym of S. gracilius,
Solanum americanum Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : no. 5 (1768).
In my recent account of S. nigrum and related species in Australia, I con- sidered Australian plants of $. nodiflorum Jacq, subsp. nodiflorum were taxonom- ically. distinct from those of $. americanum as lectotypified by Edmonds (1972). My reasons for this were fully explained.
21
D’Arcy (1974a, 1974b) apparently ignored Edmond’s lectotypification of S. americanum for he cited as type “authentic specimens Herb. Sloane 295, 14”, without any discussion or comment.
The ICBN-Guide for the Determination of Types (1972) states under 4f that “the first choice of a lectotype must be followed by subsequent workers unless the original material is rediscovered, or unless it can be shown that the choice was based upon a misinterpretation of the protologue, or if the choice was made arbitrarily (e.g., by a mechanical system) and without understanding of the group concerned,”
From the protologue to S. americanum it is impossible to say conclusively that Edmond’s lectotypification was incorrect under any of these categories and therefore cannot be set aside. As stated previously the material in Miller’s own herbarium is of first consideration in typification of Miller’s names, that in the Sloane herbarium is of secondary consideration. I therefore reject D’Arcy’s citation of the type as being incorrect.
Acknowledgements
I wish to acknowledge the assistance received from Mr. D. F. Blaxell of the National Herbarium of New South Wales (NSW) while Australian Botanical liaison officer at Kew (K) in 1974/75. Mr. Blaxell compared specimens and supplied promptly photecopies of protologues and relevant literature. Mr. D. McGillivray, also of NSW, kindly arranged for photocopies of certain protologues while Liaison officer at K in 1968/69. Mr. D. Symon (ADW) and Mr, L. Pedley (BRI) also kindly compared specimens of S. callin with specimens in K at my request and commented on their findings.
Bibliography ADELBERT, A. G, L, (1948), Notes on the Flora of Java 4, B8ftunea 6:310-336.
Barciay, A. 8. (1959). New Considerations in an old Genus : DATURA. Bol. Mus. Leaflets Harvard Oni, 18(6):245-272.
Biro, G. J., Coriins, D. J., Eastwoop, F. W., GATEHOUSE, B. M. K, C., Jozsa, A. J. & SWAN, J. M. (1976). New steroidal Alkaloids from Solanwm callin. Tetrahedron Letters no, 40:3653-3656. Pergamon Press: Great Britain.
Britten, J. (1913). Philip Miller’s Plants. J. Bot, 51:131-135, Danby, J. E. (1958). The Sloane Herbarium. London: Trustees of the British Museum.
TYArcy, W. (1974a) (11973). Solanaceae in Flora of Panama Part 9, Ann, Missenri Bot. Gard, 60(3):573-790.
D’Arcy, W.. (1974b). Solanum and its close relatives in Florida. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 61(3):819-867,
EpMonps, J. M. (1972). <A Synopsis of The Taxonomy of Solanum sect. Solanui {Maurella] in South America. Kew Bull. 27(1):95-114.
GERASIMENKO, I, L, & REZNIKovA, S. A, (1968). A Cytological Investigation of the Genus Solanum L. Bot, Zurn, $3:505-513. Index to Plant Chromosome numbers for 1968. Rec, VEG, 68:74(1970).
HENDERSON, R. J, F. (1974), Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) and Related Species in Australia, Contr, Gd Herb, 16.
STEARN, W. T, (1972), Philip Miller and the Plants from the Chelsea Physic Garden presented to the Royal Society of London, 1723-1796. Trans. Bot. Sec. Edinb. 41(3):293-307.
Austroballeya 1 (1): 23-24 (1977)
THE DELETION OF PENTAPANAX SEEM. FROM THE FLORA OF AUSTRALIA
By W. R. Philipson Department of Botany, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
Summary
The two Queensland spectes currently referred to Peafapanax are shown to be mem- bers of Polyscias, Appropriate new combinations are made: Polyscias willmeottii (FE, Muell.) Philipson and Polyscias bellendenkerensis (F. M. Bailey) Philipson.
The genus Pentapanax Seem. (Araliaceae) is currently considered to occur in South America, India, China, South-east Asia and Taiwan, with an outlier on two volcanic peaks in east Java, and in addition two species attributed to this genus occur in Queensland. Hutchinson (1967) proposed a more restricted application of the genus, reviving Coudenbergia Marchal. for the South American species, and erecting a new genus, Parapent- apanax Hutch., to include species with their flowers arranged racemosely. The position of the two Queensland species, however, was not affected.
Pentapanax is placed in the Aralieae, a Tribe characterized by the imbricate arrangement of the petals when in bud. Indeed, Pentapanax is closely related to Aralia L. from which it differs principally by having the style arms united into a column. The importance of the aestivation of the corolla in subdividing the family has long been recognized and is still upheld,
The first Australian species attributed to Pentapanax, P. willmottii F. Muell., was described from material which bore fruit but neither petals nor stamens, and when the Queensland Flora (Bailey, pt 2, 1900) was published, no further information appears to have been available. A second species, P. bellenden- keriensis F, M. Bailey, was also described from fruiting material. So far as can be ascertained, no information about the corolla of either Australian species has been published, so that the attribution to Pentapanax could be no more than tentative. In view of the disjunct distribution, and the atypical facies of the two Queensland species, collections of flowering material of both species were borrowed from the Queensland Herbarium and carefully examined. It was evident by dissection that the petals were valvate in bud, and this was confirmed by examining serial sections of the corolla-buds. No trace of overlapping of the margins of the petals occurred. In the light of this additional evidence the position of the two species in Pentapanax can no longer be upheld. Indeed, they must be placed in another Tribe, the Schefflereae, where they agree in every respect with the genus Polyscias Forst. (in the broad sense of Bernardi, 1971: in a narrower sense they
24
would come within the genus Kissodendron Seem.). Their geographical distribu- tion and general facies are in accord with this, as are such technical characters as the pinnate (or bi-pinnate) leaves and the articulated pedicel. The necessary new combinations follow:
1. Polyscias willmottii (F. Muell.) Philipson, comb. nov.
Pentapanax willmottii F. Muell., Australas. J. Pharmacy, 2:125 (1887); F. M. Bailey, The Queensland Flora: 2:730 (1900).
2. Polyscias bellendenkerensis (F. M. Bailey) Philipson, comb. nov.
Pentapanax bellendenkeriensis F. M. Bailey, Queensland Agric. J. 15:491 (1904); and in Meston, A, Queensland Dept. Agric. Report of Govt. Expedition to Bellenden-Ker Range, (1904).
REFERENCES BAILEY, F, M. (1900). The Queensland Flora, pt. 2, Brisbane, Queensland Govt.
Bernaroi, L, (1971). Araliacearum Madagascariae et Comores propositum. 2. Revisio et -- taxa nova Polysciadium. Candollea 26:13-89.
Hurcuinson, J. (1967). Genera of Flowering Plants, vol. 2. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
Austrobaileya 1 (1): 25~42 (1977)
NOTES ON LEGUMINOSAE. 1
By L, Pedley
Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane
Summary
The species known generally as Acacia ligulata is a subspecies of A. bivenosa DC. and the combination A. bivenosa subsp. wayi, based on A, salicina Lind]. var. Wayae Maiden, is made. A, bivenosa subsp, bivenosa and subsp. way? are not sharply differentiated. A. élliptica A. Cunn. ex Benth. and A. bivenesa var. borealis Hochr, are synonyms of A. bivenosa subsp. wayl, A. mintula Pedley is a new name for A, propingita Pedley non A. Rich. A. dissoneura F, Muell. is a synonym of A, dineura F. Muell.
Prosapis glandulosa Torr., P. juliflora (Sw.) DC., P. juliflora Sw.) DC. x P. velutina Woot. and P. limensis Benth, are naturalized in Australia, A key to distinguish them is piven. A key to the five species of Lysiphylium found in Australia is provided. New combina- tions are L. carronii (F. Muell.) Pedley based on Bauhinia carronii F. Muell., £. fhookeri
(F. Muell.} Pedley, based on B. hookeri F. Muell., and ZL. gilvum (F. M. Bailey) Pedley based on B, cunninghamit Benth, forma gilva F. M. Bailey.
Caesalpina robusta (C. 'T. White} Pedley is a new combination based on Mezonemuron robustuit C. T. White and C. subtropica is a new name for C. braehycarpa (Benth.) Hattink non (A. Gray) Fisher.
Daviesia flava Pedley and D. discolor Pedley are described and distinguished from D, arborea W. Hill, D. latifolia R.Br. and D. mimosoides R.Br. D. corymbosa does not occur in Queensland.
A key to the six Queensland taxa of Mirbelia is given. M. speciosa subsp. ringrosei (F. M. Bailey) Pedley, based on M. ringrosei F. M. Bailey, is a new combination. M, confertifora Pedley is a new species that has previously been confused with Av. aotoides F. Muell,
Stylosanthes sundaica Taub. is conspecific with S. humilis H.B.K. which is naturalized in Queensland.
Three new names in Teplirosia ave: T. spechtii Pedley, 1. rufuia Pedley and 7. benthamii Pediey based on T. purpurea (L.) Pers. var. axillaris Baker fil., 7. purpurea var. rifescens Benth. and 7, rosea F. Muell. ex Benth. var. angustifolia Benth. respectively. T. delestangii and 7. virens are described as new.
MIMOSOIDEAE
ACACIA MILL. 1. A note on A. bivenosa
The species generally known as Acacia ligulata is one of a group of related taxa widely spread in arid and semiarid areas of Australia. In the castern part of its range it is a well defined species but in the Northern Territory and Western Australia it exhibits a considerable range of variation, complicated in Western Australia by the presence of a number of related species. In an attempt to determine the extent of the variation within the species and to distinguish it from allied species, specimens of the following taxa were examined: A. biverosa DC.,
26
A. cupularis Domin, A. elliptica A. Cunn. ex Benth., A. ligulata A. Cunn. ex Benth., A. pallidiramosa Maiden & Blakely, A. rostellifera Benth., A. salicina Lindl. var. wayae Maiden, A. scirpifolia Meisn., A. sclerosperma FPF. Mueil., A, tysonii Luehm. and A. xanthina Benth.
Some of the taxa are well defined, but considerable integrading occurs among others and there are many intermediates, Detailed consideration of all species is beyond the scope of this note, especially as my experience of Acacia in Western Australia is more or Jess confined to the study of herbarium specimens. I am grateful therefore to Mr, B, R. Maslin (PERTH) who has commented on the species of Acacia in the vicinity of Shark Bay and on the identity of the types of A. ligulata and A. elliptica which he examined at Kew. His opinions have been helpful and have influenced me, but I am solely responsible for the treatment of A. bivenosa below.
The following key is merely a guide to the identification of the taxa studied:
i, Phyllodes rather thin (not coriaceous}, not coarsely wrinkled when dry, rather narrow and elongate, obscurely penninerved, a second longitudinal nerve often faintly developed.
A. rostellifera
Phyllodes thick, coriaceous, coarsely wrinkled when dry, a second longitudinal nerve developed when phyllode more than (7~)10 mm wide. 2.
2. Phyllodes narrow, thick, wuninerved; pod much contracted between and convex over the seeds, valves hard. A, selerosperma & A, scirpifalia Phyllodes broader, not as thick, sometimes with more than one nerve; pods neither convex over seeds nor woody. 3.
3. Phyllodes broad, 2—-nerved, yellowish or glaucous; racemes more than 5—branched; flowers large, calyx limm or more long. A, xanthina
Phyllodes i- or 2~nerved, yellowish or glancous; racemes with fewer than 5 branches or peduncles axillary; the calyx Jess than 1 mm long. 4,
4, Plants tomentose (hairs spreading); heads always on axillary peduncles. A. tysonii Plants glabrous or with sparse appressed hairs, heads on axillary peduncles or in axillary racemes, A, bivenosa
Acacia ligulata
A. ligulata A. Cunn. ex Benth., Lond. J. Bot. 1:362 (1842) Syntypes: Dirk Hartog I, Jan 1822, Cunningham (K); New Holland, Fraser (K, not seen).
I have seen one syntype (Cunningham), a fragmentary specimen with less wrinkled and shorter phyllodes than is usual in the plant usually known as A, ligulata, It bears two pods and the structure of the inflorescence is difficult to determine, It is apparently a raceme of heads. The label of the specimen lacks the collecting details usually found on Cunningham’s specimens and has only a pencilled label “4/323” on one twig. From Cunningham’s manuscripts it was found that it was collected on King’s 4th voyage on Dirk Hartog Island and should bear the number 326 (Maslin, in litt.), I have not seen Fraser’s specimen but a specimen labelled “N. Holld, Fraser” determined by Bentham as A. salicina was located by Maslin under A. salicina. It is probably the other syntype. Maslin has tentatively referred this specimen to A. rostellifera, and has suggested that: Cunningham’s specimen might also be referred to A. rostellifera or to a taxon somewhat intermediate between A. “ligulata’ and A. rostellifera.
Bentham (1864) treated A. liguiata as a synonym of A. salicina, Black (1920) discussed the matter and concluded that A. ligulata and A. salicina were not conspecific. It is now likely that A. ligulata and A. rostellifera might be conspecific, though their relationship to A. bivenosa is obscure.
AE
- Acacia biyenosa
Herbarium material shows variation in three characters, all of which contribute to the general facies of the plant. The characters are: (a) dimensions of phyllodes; (b) number of longitudinal nerves of the phyllode; (c) arrangements of heads, in racemes or single on axillary peduncles.
Narrow phyllodes have a single nerve, broader ones two, or rarely, three; and there is a highly significant correlation between the width of the phyllode and the development of the second nerve. The width at which the transition from 1— to 2—nerved phyllodes occurs is 7-10 mm; that is, phyllodes more than 10 mm wide have two nerves; phyllodes less than 7 mm wide have one; while phyllodes 7-10 mm wide can have one or two nerves. Uni— and binerved phyllodes some- times occur on one twig.
The arrangement of heads also varies. Plants with narrow phyllodes tend to have heads in racemes, but there is no absolute correlation between the width of phyllodes and the development of racemes. Plants with broad, binerved phylicdes sometimes have racemose heads, Axillary heads and racemes of heads are some- times found on the one plant. Racemes sometimes grow out into leafy branches so that the peduncles become lateral on vegetative shoots.
Because of the range of variation delimitation of taxa is difficult but, because the variation of one character is correlated with variation of other characters, at least in the majority of cases, and because there is some geographical segregation of combinations of characters it is possible to distinguish two subspecies.
A. bivenosa from the north-western coast of Western Australia and what is currently known as A. ligulata from western New South Wales have been treated as subspecies. There is clinal variation from south-east to north-west with a distinct steepening of the cline towards the north-west. The recognition of two subspecies may be somewhat artificial but as the zone of intergrading between the two is small it enables all but a small proportion of plants to be referred to one or other of the subspecies,
The subspecies are distinguished as follows:
Phylledes 2-nerved, 2-5cm long, (0-7-)0-8-2-2cm wide, usually less than 3:5 times as long as wide; heads on axillary peduncles more than 12 mm long, or less commonly in axillary racemes, or rarely inflorescences of both types. A. bivenosa subsp. bivenesa.
Phyllodes usually {—nerved, 2-10 em long, 0-3-1(-1:6) cm wide 3-7 times as long as wide; heads in axillary racemes, the branches less than 12mm long. A. bivenosa subsp. way.
Acacia bivenosa DC., Prod. 2:452 (1852), Leg. Mem. 448 (1827) (“binervosa”’). Type: Nouy. Hollande céte orient., Mus. de Paris, 1821 (G-DC, holo; BM, iso}
A. elliptica A, Cunn. ex Benth., Lond. J. Bot. 1:347 (1842) Lectotype:
Bay of Rest, Feb an , Cunningham (KX)
A, bivenosa DC. var borealis Hochr., Candollea 2:376 (1925), Type: Broome, Feb 1905, Hochreutiner 2828 (G, holo)
A. bivenosa subsp. bivenosa
Phyllodes usually 2—nerved, 2-5 cm long, (7—)8+5-22 mm wide, usually less than 3-5 times as long as wide. Heads on axillary peduncles more than 12mm long or less commonly in axillary racemes, or both.
C
28
A, bivenosa subsp. bivenosa is not sharply differentiated from A. bivenosa subsp. wayi, but the circumscription of the subspecies allows the inclusion of plants with unusual combinations of characters. Definition of a taxon in such an arbitrary way may be theoretically undesirable but it enables a name to be applied to plants somewhat intermediate between A. bivenosa subsp. wayi (narrow phyllodes and heads in racemes) and most plants of A. bivenosa which have broad phyllodes and heads on axillary peduncles. It is also necessary so that there is no doubt about the application of the name. A. bivenosa the type of which which is itself rather intermediate. .
The type specimen is clearly labelled “céte orient” and was cited by de Candolle as such in both the Prodromus and the Memoires sur la Famille des Legumineuses, where the species was referred to in error as Acacia binervosa. It is not at all likely that the specimen came from eastern Australia. It was collected by Baudin’s expedition which visited both the east and west coasts of Australia. Considering the difficulties encountered by the expedition it is not surprising that that specimens were wrongly labelled. At the British Museum (Natural History) there is a specimen with the label “Nouv. Hollande. Cote occidentale, ile des amiraus”, on which the name Leschenault has been added in pencil. One or both of these specimens could be isotypes. Labillardiere never visited the north- western coast,
The holotype has glabrous wrinkled phyllodes 30-42 mm long, 7—11 mm broad with two longitudinal nerves. It has 20—flowered heads in glabrous axillary 3~—branched racemes, the axis 22 mm and the branches 12mm long. The axis of the inflorescence is produced into a leafy shoot.
Selection of a lectotype of A. elliptica presented some difficulty. Several twigs are mounted on one sheet segregated as a type in herb. Kew. There is one label: “Bay of Rest, Exmouth Gulf, and Dampiers Archipelago, Feb
ao , Dirk Hartog’s Island, Jan 5 . Two twigs in the lower half of the sheet
have broad binerved phyllodes and lack flowers or fruits. One of them has a ‘‘shp-on” label indicating that it was from Dirk Hartog’s Island. It is coarser than other specimens of A. bivenosa I have seen and it is referred with some doubt to A, xanthina. Another twig bears a small label showing that it came from Dampiers Archipelago. It is presumed that one or both of the remaining twigs came from the Bay of Rest and constitutes the lectotype. Despite the indefinite- ness of the lectotypification the application of the name A. elliptica is clear.
The holotype of A. bivenosa var. borealis has 2— or sometimes 3—nerved phyllodes 3-5—4-5cm long, 11-17 mm wide and the heads were apparently on axillary peduncles. It bears fruit not flowers. The specimen may have come from a young plant as one phyllode has a pair of pinnae at the top. Lazarides 6549 from Cable Beach, Broome is a good match for Hochreutiner’s specimen.
Acacia bivenosa subsp. wayi (Maiden) Pedley, comb. et. stat. nov. Based on A, salicina Lindl. var wayi Maiden, Trans. Roy. Soc. Sth Aust. 32:277 (1908) (“Wayae”). Syntype: Marion Bay, Sep 1907, Rogers (K, iso) A, cupularis Domin, Mem. Soc. Sci. Boheme 1921-2. 2:45 (1923). Type: Bridgetown to Kajonup and Slab Hut Gully, in 1910, Dorrien-Smith (kK, holo).
A. pallidiramosa Maiden & Blakley, J. Roy. Soc. W. Aust. 13:12 (1927) Type: No locality, date or collector (K, iso). Phyllodes usually 1—nerved, (2:5—)3:5-10cm long, 3—-8:5 mm _ wide, usually more than 3:5 times as long as wide. Heads in axillary racemes, the branches usually less than 12 mm long.
29
Bentham (1864) regarded A. ligulata as being conspecific with A. salicina Lindl. Black (1920) recognised that two species had been included under the name A, salicind, A. salicina sens. strict. and what he considered to be A. Igitlata. Black’s application of the name A. ligulata has generally been followed since but, as noted above, examination of type material indicates that Black’s application of the name is not correct and that A. Ugulata is probably conspecific with A. rostellifera.
Maiden had already recognised the heterogeneity of A. salicina and he des- cribed A. salicina var. wayae. Maiden named the plant in honour of Sir Samuel Way, and the feminine-form “wayae” is corrected here to “wayi”. The single isosyntype | have seen has narrow elongated phyllodes and is representative of the plant usually known as A. ligulata in the south-eastern part of its range.
The holotype of A. cupularis also has narrow phyllodes and the inflorescence is reduced to a single head, though there are indications that it is the remnant of a reduced raceme. Other specimens from south-western Western Australia have 23 branched racemes as well as single heads.
A. pallidiramosa is referred to A. bivenosa subsp. way! with some doubt. The isotype examined consists of two sterile twigs and a packet of seeds from which the plant which bore the twigs was grown. There is a small label on which is written “Mohrunga Cannsigon”. I do not know the significance of the words. The specimen is similar to some of A. bivenosa subsp. wayi and A. pallidiramosa should be referred to this taxon.
2. Acacia mimula Pedley, nom. nov. Based on Acacia propinqua Pedley, Contrib. Qd Herb. 15:4 (1974), nom. illeg. non A. Richard (1846).
The name Acacia propinqua Pedley is illegitimate, being a later homonym of A, propinqua A, Richard. It is regretted that the earlier name was overlooked previously.
3. A, dissoneura F. Muell., South Sci. Record (July 1882). Syntypes: Port Darwin, Schultz 336 (MEL); Liverpool River, Gulliver (MEL).
Mr. B. R. Maslin (in tt.) suggested after examining type material that A. dissoneura should be referred to A. dineura F. Muell. Since then I have also seen type material and agree with his suggestion.
Prosopis L,
The identification of naturalized plants-is often difficult mainly because one is usually not acquainted with the plants in their native country and adequate herbarium material is rarely available for comparison. Prosopis is a particularly difficult genus to deal with as the taxa introduced are believed to come from both North and South America and there is no modern treatment of the genus which includes species from both continents.
I have consulted Benson (1941), Graham (1960) and Johnston (1962) (for the North American species), Burkart (1940) (the South American species) and Rowell (1969). Material at the Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K) was examined. Burkart determined some South American material but inexplicably neglected some sheets, and no one has critically examined all the American material.
From the literature it is evident that there is considerable range of variation within species and intergrading of species. P. laevigata, P. glandulosa, P. articulata and P. velutina could well be treated as subspecies of P. juliflora, though this does
30
not solve the problem of determination. It merely moves it a lower level in the classification. Benson and Johnston differ somewhat in their treatment of the same ‘taxa. Benson recognized P. juliflora var. glandulosa, P, juliflora var, torreyana and P, juliflora var. velutina as occurring in the United States, while Johnston excluded P. juliflora but treated the same taxa as Benson as P. glandulosa var. glandulosa, P. glandulosa var, torreyana and P. velutina respectively. Johnston believed that the “morphic intermediacy of some individuals” was the result of hybridization among formerly more discrete taxa, mainly due to the expansion of the ranges of the taxa since the advent of domesticated grazing animals. He wrote of “the blurring of a formerly more precise geographic distribution pattern”.
If several introductions of Prosopis have been made to Australia it is possible that some plants intermediate between described taxa (that is, plants “atypical” of any described taxon) would have been introduced. Assigning naturalized plants to described taxa without any knowledge of these t taxa in their native countries is therefore difficult.
In the taxonomic treatment of the North American species workers have emphasised foliage characters, though mature pods may also be useful. Pods swell considerably during development and, not knowing the exact stage of the develop- ment of the fruits on specimens, I have been cautious in applying characters of the pod. On the whole the collections in Australia herbaria are poor. Most are ‘either in flower or fruit, but few collectors noted anything of the plant and most specimens have been: -poorly preserved,
Some material from BRI was determined by Dr. H. S. Irwin of the New York Botanical Gardens in 1962. He stated (in litt.) that he relied heavily on Johnston’s paper though there appear to be some inconsistencies in his determin- ations.
Key to taxa of Prosopis naturalized in Australia.
Leaflets more than 5 times as long as broad, or more than 20 mm long, widely spaced on the single pair of pinnae, the intervals about as wide as the leaflets themselves or wider 1. P. glandulosa var. glandulosa
Leaflets 2-5 times as long as broad, up to 12 mm long, not widely spaced on the rhachis
Pinnae 1 pair, rarely 2 (always predominantly I on all specimens examined); leaflets
12-18 pairs (25 on one specimen); raceme to 6 cm long, shorter than leaves
2. P. julifiora
Pinnae 2-3 pairs, occasionally 5, rarely 1; leaflets 10-15 pairs, rarely 18. Spike iQ—12 cm long, longer than the leaves.
Pinnae 2 pairs; leaflets 12-15 (-18) pair, 7-12mm fong, glabrous except for long hairs on margins or with short hairs on upper surface; pedicels 0-Smm long; calyx 1-1-1:2mm long, corolla 3~3-8 mm long
3. P, juliflora x P. velutina
Pinnae 2—5 pairs {rarely 1); leaflets 10-15 pairs, 4~9 mm long, with scattered long hairs or moderately pubescent on both surfaces; pedicels often 0-2-0:3 mm long, sometimes 0-5 mm; flowers smaller—calyx 0:6-0°9 mm long, corolla to 3mm long 4. P. limensis
1. P. glandulosa Torr.
Western Australia: Carnarvon, Jul 1953, Coleman 169 (PERTH). Queensland. Porr Curtis Disrrict: Bushley (near Rockhampton), Dec 1953, Tayler (BRI); Gladstone, Oct 1957, Taylor (BRI). Burnetr District: Gayndah, Nov 1952, Crocker (BRI). DARLING Downs Disrraicr: Yandilla, Mar 1955, Rea (BRI); Brookstead, Nov 1956, Offmer (BRI); Millmerran, May 1960, Winsren (BRI); May 1959, Taylor (BRI); Pittsworth, Apr 1959, Pittsworth Shire Council. New South Wales: Barham, April 1969, McGowan (NSW).
This is Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa. There is one specimen of P. glandulosa var. torreyana (L. Benson) M. C. Johnston, Port Augusta Sports Ground, Jun 1960, Symon 486 (ADW), which, judging from the locality and the absence of any later specimens or collectors? notes, is probably not naturalized.
31
2. Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.
A shrub, usually spiny; branchlets with scattered long hairs or moderately densely pubescent, glabrescent. Pinnae 1 or occasionally 2 pairs, petiole 0-5-3-+5 cm long, it and rachis, glabrous, with scattered long hairs or moderately densely pubescent; leaflets 12-18 pairs (25 on one specimen); 5-12 mm long, 1-5=2-5 mm broad, 2:5—5 times as long as broad; indumentum varying from glabrous on upper surface with a few hairs on margins and midribs beneath to subglabrous above with moderately dense long hairs on lower surface, especially prominent on margins. Racemes ca 6cm long; pedicels 0:4—-0-6 mm long, sometimes with long hairs; calyx 0-8-1 mm long sometimes with long hairs outside; corolla 2'5-2:8 mm long; stamens 4-4-5 mm long. Pod flat when immature, somewhat contracted between seeds, up to 15 cm long, 1 em broad when mature, as thick as broad, somewhat moniliform.
New South Wales: Rosewood H.S., 95 km NW of Ivanhoe, Jun 1975, Plekard 2577 (NSW); Broken Hill, Jun 1969, Symon 6736 & 6748 (CADW, NSW), Jul 1961, Green (NSW); Broken Hill South, May 1969, Garrick (ADW—~2Z specimens); towards Broken Hill, Sep 1962, O'Neill (ADW), 10:5 miles from Silverton on Silverton-Broken Hill road, May 1969, Garrick 2 (ADW); 4~5 miles from Broken Hill on Cockburn side, May 1969, Garrick 1 (ADW); + 17 miles E of Cockburn, May 1969, Garrick 3 (ADW); 5 miles E of. Cock- burn, Jun 1963, Larwood (AD); Cockburn, Jun 1969, Symon 6730 & 6749 (ADW); Urana, Dec 1959, Shire Clerk ONSW).
Duplicates of two specimens from Broken Hill were identified by Burkart as Prosopis juliflora, probably of Caribbean origin. The specimens from the Cockburn-Broken Hill area are on the whole less pubescent than those from Urana.
Burkart’s identification of Broken Hill material is in line with Johnston’s treatment of P. juliflora. The more pubescent material possibly indicates some intergrading with P. velutina. The ranges of the two do not meet in North America, but there is a specimen of P. velutina from what appears to be a cultivated tree near Menindee (Old Henley Station garden. Dec 1949, Henderson 478 (NSW))}, so that it is possible that hybridization could have occurred in cultivation.
3. P. joliflora (Sw.) DC. x P. velutina Woot.
Shrub (?) with spines up to 1-5 cm long or none; branchlets glabrous or with scattered long hairs. Pinnae 2 pairs; petiole 0-5-3 cm long, it and rachis glabrous or with moderately dense long hairs; leaflets 12-15, occasionally, 18 pairs, 7—-12(-14) mm long, 2-5-3-5¢(-4:5) mm broad, 2-5—5 times as long as broad, glabrous except for long hairs on margins or with short hairs on upper surface, Raceme up to 11 cm long; pedicel 0-5mm long; calyx 1:1-1:2 mm_ long, sometimes with a few long hairs outside; corolla 3~3-7 mm long, rather more densely pubescent inside than in other forms; stamens 4:5—5:5 mm long. Pod thick up to 17 cm long and 1 cm broad.
Western Australia: Carnarvon, Jul 1953, Coleman 170 (PERTH), Aug 1956, Meadly (PERTH, BRI); Gasgoyne River. flats, Carnarvon, —May 1962, Aplin 1552 (PERTH); 2 miles 8 of Carnarvon, Oct 1958, Menzies, Nov 1964, Donovan (PERTH).
Irwin determined Meadly s.n. (BRI) as “P. velutina Woot. > P. articulata S. Wats.”. These two species intergrade (Johnston p. 86) but it seems that whenever a plant has some indumentum on the foliage P. velutina is assumed to be one of its parents. It keys to P. velutina in both Benson and Johnston but is not like undoubted P. velutina from Arizona (Brass 14342, BRI).
32
4, Prosopis limensis Benth.
Tree with spines up to 2 cm long, sometimes absent; branchlets with scattered long hairs becoming glabrous. Pinnae 2~3 pairs (up to 5 pairs in specimens from Northern Territory and rarely 1 in specimens from Geraldton); petiole 1-2 cm long; it and rachis with scattered long hairs (ca 0:3.mm long); leaflets 10-15 pairs, 4-9 mm long, 1-5—~3 mm broad, usually ca 3 times as long as broad but ranging from 2—5 mm, with scattered long hairs or (in Geraldton material) mod- erately pubescent on both surfaces. Raceme 10-12 cm long; pedicel 0-2—0-3 mm long (0:5, in Geraldton material); calyx 0-6-0-9mm long; corolla 2-5-3 mm long. Pod thick, curved, up to 15 cm long and 1 em broad, broader in Geraldton specimens,
Western Australia: Geraldton, Jan 1955, Marr (PERTH), Feb 1963, Saffrey 46 (AD, PERTH); De Grey Station homestead, Jul 1936, Anderson (PERTH). Northern Territory: Elsey, sine coll. NT 11867 (NT); Elliott, May 1965, Newton NT 11787 (NT); Ranken, Alexandria, Nov 1961, Paine NT 8521 (NT); Coniston, Feb 1955, Chippendale NT 190 (NT). Queensland: Burke District: 34 miles S of Burketown, Tracey (BRI); Cloncurry, Aug 1958, Sillar (BRI), Oct 1958, Sultivan (BRI); Hughenden, Jul 1963, EHverist 7288 & 7289 (BRI); Winton, Nov 1954, Winton Shire Ceuncil 7 (BRI, CANB). Coox Distrricr: Karumba, Aug (973, J. 8S. Johnson NSW 107431.
The Geraldton specimens are referred here with some doubt. As well as the differences noted in the description the leaflets have rather prominent secondary veins,
Irwin identified this taxon as both Prosopis chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz (Winton Shire Council 7 and Sillar) and P. limensis Benth. (Sullivan). He also identified specimens from a tree cultivated in the Brisbane Botanic Gardens (White 2390 & 8642, BRI, GH) as P. chilensis, both of which were cited by Johnston under P. pallida (Willd.) HBK.
P, pallida has been something of a puzzle. Burkart did not mention it and it is evidently close to P. limensis. I have followed Bentham (1842) in treating it as being glabrous.
5. Prosopis flexuosa DC.
Queensland: WaRREGO District: “Comongin”, about 10 miles NE of Quilpie, Nov 1957, Everist 5902 (BRI. _ _ The species is not included in the key as it is known from only one locality in Queensland. It forms large clumps in the vicinity of “Comongin” homestead but has evidently not spread though there are evidently large areas of country suitable for its growth.
It differs from P. juliflora in having narrower pods and more pubescent branches,
CAESALPINIOIDEAE LYSIPHYLLUM (BENTH.) DE WIT
De Wit (1956) in his treatment of the tribe Bauhinieae in Malesia recognized seven genera, one of them Lystphyllum which had been originally described by Bentham as a section of Bauhinia. The rather narrow circumscription of genera was rejected by Hutchinson (1964) who referred all genera recognized by de Wit to Bauhinia, Brenan (1967) and Schmitz (1972) however followed de Wit’s treatment of Bauhinia sens. lat.
The 5 species of Lysiphyllum that occur in Australia are distinguished as follows:
Receptacle (disk-bearing base of calyx) cylindrical; sepals 4~10 mm long; leaflets 2-5-4-5 cm long, 16-32 mm wide, 1-3-1-8 times as long as wide, + oblomg, broadest at the base, tapering gradually to the rather broad, obtuse apex.
33
Scandent shrub; tendrils circinnate but caducous; calyx lobes 4~5 mm long; pods up to ca 3.cm wide i binatunt
Trees without tendrils; calyx 7-10 mm long; pods 3~4cm wide L. hookeri Receptacle turbinate or campanulate; sepals 2—5 mm long; leaflets 7-22mm wide, 1+2-3-5 times as long as wide, either broadest below the middle and tapering gradually to rather narrow acute apex or broadest about the middle and tapering equally to base and apex.
Leaflets broadest about the middle, equally tapering to each end, 1:2~1-+7 times as long as wide; calyx lobes with marginal and sometimes mid-ner ve, buds therefore ribbed LE, cunninghamii
Leaflets broadest neat the middle and tapering to narrow apex, 1:5~3-5 times as long as wide: calyx lobes and buds not ribbed.
Indumentum of outside of calyx red-brown; pod 2-5—4 om wide E, carronii
Indumentum of outside of calyx yellowish; pod 1-2-5 cm wide L. gilvuim
The transfer of L. binatum and L. cunninghamii from Bauhinia to Lysiphyllum was made by de Wit. The other new names required are:
Lysiphyllum hoekeri (F. Mueil.) Pedley, comb. nov. Based on Bauhinia hookeri F, Muell., Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. 3:51 (1858). Type: Gilbert River, Mueller (MEL)
L.. hookeri (RF. Muell.) de Wit ex Schmitz, Bull. Jard, Bot. Nat. Belg. -43:407 (1973), nom. inval.
Schmitz attributed the name L. hookeri to de Wit, but de ‘Wit did not make the combination, nor can it be attributed to Schmitz as he cited no basionym.
Lysiphylium carronii (F. Muell.) Pediey, comb. nov, Based on Bauhinia carronii F, Muell., Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. 3:49 (1858). Type: Burdekin River, Mueller (MEL, Lectotype, designated here)
Lysiphyllum gilvam (F. M. Bailey) Pediey, stat. nov. Based on Bauhinia cunning- hamti Benth. forma gilva F. M. Bailey, Qd Ag. J. 25:287 (1910) Type: Georgina River, Bick (BRI, holo)
B, cunninghamii Benth. forma rosea F. M. Bailey, loc. cit, Type: Georgina River, Bick (BRI, holo)
B. leichhardtii F, Muell. var. cinarescens F. Muell. in Winnecke, Explor. Report (1884). Type: Central Australia, Winnecke (MEL, holo)
Northern Territory: 8 miles [13 km] NE of Abadaba Bore, Lake Nash, Oct 1955, Chippendale NT 1813. Queensland: Burke Disrricr: Nonda, between Hughenden and Cloncurry, Feb 1931, Hubbard & Winders 7293; Flinders River, Aug 1916, White. GREGORY Norra District: Georgina River, 8 miles [13 km] NW of “Headingly”, Sep 1954, Chippen- dale NT 254; Georgina River, Urandangie, Sep 1954, Chippendale NT 253; Glenormiston, Jan 1935, Boyle. GReGorY Souru Districr: 38 miles [61 km] W of Windorah, Sep 1966, Boyland 151; [E of Windorah] 25°23’S 143°41’E, Jun 1969, Trapneff E50; “Morney Plains”, ca 80 miles [130 km] W of Windorah, Sep 1949, Ever ist 4111. MITCHELL District: 56 miles [90 km] S of Prairie, 21°36'S, Tun 1969, Trapnell B73; between Emerald & Longreach, Oct 1913, farvis, Warreco Dy strricr: Thargomindah (cultivated), Nov 1954, Smith 6056; Charleville, Oct 1945, Clemens. New South Wales: Warroo via Bourke, Nov 1936, Morris.
CAESALPINIA L.
The uniting of Mezoneuron with Caesalpinia by Hattink (1974) appears to be justified. He transferred only two of the three Australian species of Mezoneuron to Caesalpinia and the name of one of these is illegitimate in Caesalpinia.,
The following new names are necessary:
Caesalpinia subtropica Pedley, nom, et comb. nov. Based on Mesoneuron brachycarpum Benth., Fl. Aust. 2:278 (1864)
34
Caesalpinia brachycarpa (Benth.) Hattink, Reinwardtia 9:53 (1974), nom. illeg. non C. brachycarpa (A. Gray) Fisher (1893). Type: New South Wales: Richmond River, Moore (K, lecto, selected by Hattink, not seen)
Caesalpinia robusta (C, T. White) Pedley, comb. nov, Based on Mezoneurum robustum C. T, White, Contrib, Arn. Arb. 4:43 (1933). Type: Cook District: Boonjie, Sep 1929, Kajewski 1206 (BRI, iso)
Herbarium material of the species is poor, but it can be distinguished from C. scortechinii and C. subtropica by its larger leaflets and extremely prickly stem.
PAPILIONOIDEAE* DAVIESIA SM,
Though Daviesis corymbosa Sm. has been recorded from Queensland, it is apparently restricted to the central coast of New South Wales. Most of the specimens previously identified as D. corymbosa from Qucensland should be referred to D, mimosoides R.Br. which is widely spread in south-eastern Queens- land. In the south-eastern part of the Darling Downs District near Stanthorpe,
latifolia R.Br. may sometimes be confused with D. mimosoides but is dis- tinguished by its broader leaves with prominent veins and racemes with pedicels almost to the base of the axis. Intermediates between the two species do occur rarely. D. arborea W. Hill is also similar to D. mimosoides but is usually a larger plant, developing into a small tree, with less coriaceous leaves gradually attenuate to the acute apex and flowers usually with a purplish keel,
Two species D. discolor and D. flava described here as new have previously been referred to either D. mimosoides or D. arborea, They may be distinguished from D, mimosoides by the following key:
Leaves 2-5-9-5 cm long, icss than 6 times as long as wide
Leaves 1:5~3-3 cm wide with conspicuous anastomosing veins; inflorescence a raceme D. tlatifotia
Leaves 1--1-4 cm wide, thinner in texture with less conspicuous venation; inflorescence a corymbose raceme D. mimosoides
Leaves 5-15 cm long, more than 8 times as long as wide Leaves discolorous; axis of raceme up to 1 em long; shrub D, discolor
Leaves not discolorous; axis of raceme usually 2cm or more, rarely i cm long; small trees or shrubs
Calyx s+: truncate or emarginae; leaves thin in i ares acute, alienate to the apex; small trees D, arborea Calyx lobed; leaves not thin in texture, stele mucrenulate, not gradually tapered to apex D. flava
Daviesia discolor Pedley, species nova affinis D, arboreae W. Hill foliis venatione promientiore leviter discoloribus, racemis brevioribus et habito differt. Typus: Henderson et al. H1026 (BRI, holotypus; A., CANB, K, L, NSW, PR, isotypi)
* For note on name of subfamily sec Henan (1 967).
35
Frutex usque ad 1 m altus; ramuli angulares glabri; stipulae obseurae. Folia plana vel margine leviter incurvata, acuta aliquantum discoloria, reticulatim nervata aliquantum prominente, subsessilia, 7-15 cm longa, (4—-}6-8 mm lata, 10~20(~33)—plo longiora quam lata. Racermi singulare vel binatim in superis axillis dispositi; axis 5~10 mm longus; bractea minus quam |] mm longa praeditus; carina aliquantum brevior quam vexillum et alae. Legumen immaturum.
Shrub to 1m tall; branchlets angular glabrous; stipules inconspicuous. Leaves flat or the margin slightly incurved, acute, slightly discolorous with some- what prominent reticulate nerves, subsessile, 7-15 cm long, (4~})6—-8 mm wide, 10—20(--33) times longer than wide. Racemes arranged singly or in pairs in the upper axils; axis 5-10 mm long; bracts less than 1 mm long; calyx 2-7-3 mm long with fimbriate lobes 0:7~—0-8 mm long; keel a little shorter than the standard and wings. Pod immature.
LetcuHarpT District: Blackdown Tableland, ca 23°50’S 149°E, Sep 1937, Simmons (sterile); Aug 1964, Gittins 926; Sep 1971, Henderson, Durrington & Sharpe H1026; Apr 1971, Henderson, Andrews & Sharpe 860 (sterile).
Daviesia flava Pedley, species nova; a D. mimosoidis R.Br. foliis elongatioribus, a i). arboreae W. Hill foliis apicem versus minus attenuatis, pedicellis- que plerumque longioribus calycis saepe brevioribus, ab amobus lobis superis claycis magis divisis, carina alas et vexillum aequanti differt, Typus: Webb & Tracey 5929 (BRI, holotypus; CANB, K, isotypi).
Frutex usque 1-5 m altus; ramuli angulares glabri; stipulae 0-6-1 mm longae, Folia plana lineares vel anguste oblonga, obtusa mucronulata, 5—12 cm longa, 3~13 mm Tata, &8-20-—plo longiora quam lata; petiolus circa {| mm longus, Racemi glabri 1-3, in axillis superis dispositi: axis (1-})2-4-5cm longus; bractea ca 1-5mm longa; pedicelli plerumque in parte supera axis portati, 6-12 mm longi, versus apicem axis breviores. Flores flavi 5-6 mm longi, calyx 2+5~3-5 mm longi lobis fimbriatis 6-7—-0-8 mm longis superis circa 2/3 unitis praeditus; carina petala cetera + aequans. Legumen in parte latissima 1 cm latum.
Shrub to 1-5 m tall; branchlets angular, glabrous; stipules 0-6-1 mm long. Leaves flat,. linear or narrowly oblong,. obtuse mucronulate, 5-12 cm long, 3~13 mm wide, 8-20 times as long as broad, very obliquely reticulately pen- ninerved, prominently so when broad; petiole ca 1mm long. Racemes 1-3, in the upper axils, glabrous: axis (1-)2-4:5cm long; bracts ca 1:5 mm_ long; pedicels mostly in upper half of axis, 6-12 mm long shorter towards top of axis. Flowers yellow 5-6 mm long; calyx 2:5~-3-5 mm long with fimbriate lobes 0-7—0-8 mm long the upper ones about 2/3 united; keel about as long as other petals. Pod ca 1 cm wide at broadest part.
Coox Disrricr: Great Dividing Range on Cooktown road, in 1970, Wyatt; Clohesy River area, Feb 1963, Wyatt 23; Koah, Clohesy River, Nov 1967, Brass 33735; Kuranda- Mareeba road, Feb 1962, Webb & Tracey 5929, NorrH KENNEDY: Conjuboy Road, Oct 1972, Althofer 328; 4 miles SW of Mt Garnet, Jun 1971, Hyland 502.
MACROPTILIUM URB, Macroptiliun: bracteatum (Nees & Mart.) Marechal & Baudet.
Previously (Pedley 1973) the combination AMacroptilium bracteatum was attributed to. Urban. At that time the combination had in fact not been made. Since then Phaseolus bracteatus has been transferred to Macroptilium by Mare-
chal and Baudet (1974). The correct citation of the name is therefore as given above.
36
MIRBELIA SM. Key to Mirbelia in Queensland
Upper surface of leaf conspicuously reticulate; ovules 2. MM, rubiifolia (Andr.) G, Don. Upper surface of leaf smooth or occasionally tuberculate, not conspicuously reticulate; ovules either 2-4 or 10-12,
Flowers in racemes, terminal or in upper axils, sometimes much reduced; ovules
a M. confertifiovra Pedley Flowers single in the axils
Calyx lobes as long as the tube; ovules 10-12 MM. speciosa DC.
Leaves 1-2 cm long (rarely longer); bracteoles shorter than calyx tube
M. speciosa subsp. speciosa
Leaves 2-3 cm or more long (those subtending flowers sometimes shorter); bracteoles longer than calyx tube M, speciosa subsp, ringrosei (F, M. Bailey} Pedley Calyx lobes shorter than the tube; ovules 2-4 Leaves with a straight pungent point; ovary pubescent: ovules 4 M. piengens A, Cunn. ex G, Don
Leaves with a hooked point; ovary glabrous ovules 2 M. aotoides F. Muell.
Mirbelia confertiflora Pedley, sp. nov.
Misapplied name: Mirbelia aotoides auct. non F. Muell; Thompson, Contrib. N.S.W. Nat. Herb. Fl. Ser, 101:19 (1961).
Frutex usque ad 2 m altus; ramuli pilis sparsis appressis sericeis vestiti; stipulae nullae. Folia alternata vel irregulatim verticellata, linearia, acuta, mucronata, revoluta, supra glabra vel minute fuberculata, infra glabra vel pilis paucis appressis secus costam vestita, 1-5-2-5 cm longa, usque 1-5 mm lata; petiolus 1:5 mm longus. Flores in racemis (saepe valde contractis) terminalibus vel axillis superis dispositi; bracteae anguste lanceolatae 3-5 mm longae marginibus leviter incurvis, infra pilis longis adscendentibus albis fuscisve vestitae; calyx 6-7 mm longus pilis densis albis adscentibus vestitus, lobis 3:5-4 mm longis fere aequilongis, superis usque ad 1 mm ab apice connatis; petala unguiculata aurantiacea; vexillum ieviter retusum, 4—3-5 mm longum, 10 mm latum ungue 2-5 mm longo, circa 12 mm lato: alae basi auriculatae, oblongae obtusac, 5-6 mm longae, 2:5 mm latae leviter gibbosae versus basem, ungue 2:5 mm longo et 1-2 mm lato; carina 3+5-4-5 mm longa, 2-3 mm lata, in latere prope basem gidbosa. Staminea filamenta 4—5 mm longa, versus apicem attenuata. Ovarium pglabrum circa 2:5 mm longum: stylus uncinatus aliquatum crassus; ovula 2. Legumina dehiscentia ca 4:5 mm longa; endocarpmm post maturiatem ab exocarpio secedens. Typus: Pediey 1539 (BRI, holo).
Shrub to 2m tall; branchlets with sparse appressed silky hairs; stipules none, Leaves alternate or irregularly whorled, linear, acute mucronate, revolute, glabrous or minutely tuberculate above, glabrous or with a few appressed hairs along the midrib below, 1°5-2:5 cm long, up to 1:5 mm wide; petiole ca i-Smm long. Flowers in racemes’ (often much contracted) terminal or in upper axils; bracts narrow lanceolate 3:5 mm long with slightly incurved margins with dense long white or brown ascending hairs beneath; bracteoles on the pedicel, 3-8 mm long, lanceolate, with dense brown hairs; calyx 6-7 mm long with dense white ascending hairs, the lobes 3-5~4 mm long, nearly equal in length, the upper united fo ca 1 mm of the apex; petals unguiculate, orange; yvexillum slightly retuse, 4—~5-5 mm long, 10 mm wide with a claw 2-5 mm long, ca 1-2 mm wide, alae auriculate at the base, oblong obtuse, 5:6 mm long, 2:5 mm wide, slightly gibbose towards the base, with a claw 2:5mm long and 1-2mm wide, keel 3-54-35 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, gibbose on the side near the base. Staminal flaments 4-5 mm long, attenuate fowards the apex. Ovary glabrous, ca 2:5 mm long; style hooked, rather thick; ovules two. Pods dehiscent ca 4:5 mm long; endocarp separating from epicarp after maturity.
ay
QUEENSLAND: Jolly’s Falls ca 8km N of Stanthorpe, Oct 1956, Shea $42; Oct 1963, Pedley 1539; The Summit, Sep 1958, Avichener; Girraween Nat. Park, near Wyberba, Nov 1971, Ryan 43. NEW SouTH WALES: Boonoo Boonoo, Feb 1905, Boorman; Gibraltar Range; May 1961, Constable NSW 56665,
Mueller based his description of M. aotoides on a single plant collected from the Burnett Ranges but later he referred another specimen (Mt Mitchell, N.S.W., Beckler—duplicate at Kew) to it. In this he was followed by Bentham, and the name M. aoteides came into general use for the Mt Mitchell plant which is in fact a distinct species, M. confertiflora.
M, aotoides is widely spread in Queensland but is nowhere common, It is so like a species of Aofus in all characters except the longitudinal dissepiment in the ovary and seed that one might speculate on the desirability of uniting the genera Aotus and Mirbelia.
Mirbelia aotoides F. Muell., Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. 3:53 (1859), Fragm. 4:12 (1863); Benth., Fi. Aust. 2:35 (1864). Types Burnett Ranges, Mueller (MEL, holo; BRI, photo)
NorTH KENNeEpY District: Paluma Range, 19°S 145°S’E, Sep 1963, Vessey. MIrcHELL Districr: between Torrens Creek and Pentland, Oct 1935, Priest (North Queensland Natur- alists’) Club 824). LeicHHArpr Districr: Mt Playfair Station, in 1956, Biddulph 38; Glinghinda, ca 60 km N of Taroom, Oct 1963, Speck 1873: Carnarvon Range, Oct 1933, White 9464. Dariinc Downs Districr: Miles, Jun 1946, White Herb, Aust. 1159, Sep 1961, Pediey 887; Chinchilla area, Sep 1954, Emerson, BurRnetr District: Hungry Hills between Eidsvold and Mt Perry, jul 1956, Coaldrake,
Mirbelia speciosa Sicb. ex DC, subsp. rimgrosei (F, M. Bailey) Pedley, comb. et stat. nov. Based on M. ringrosei F. M. Bailey, Qd Ag. J, 16:189 (1905). Type: Herberton, Aug 1905, Ringrose (BRI, holo)
Coox Disrricr: Mt Windsor, Mar 1941, Carr, LeicHHarpr Disrricr: Blackdown Tableland, ca 23°50S 149°E, Apr 1971, Henderson, Andrews & Sharpe H609 & H744, Sep 1971, Henderson, Durrington & Sharpe H1207; Carnarvon Ranges, Jul 1937, Yourg. DarLtinc Downs Districr: Fairyland §.F.R. 42, Jul 1948, Anderson, MoRETON Disrricr: Crows Nest, Oct 1921, White, Sep 1922, Kenny, May & Oct 1924, Hrass 18; Helidon- Ravensbourne road, Sep 1961, Hockings & Cockburn; 6 miles [10 km] N of Helidon, Aug 1963, Pedley 1380, Sep 1963, Pedley 1400.
STYLOSANTHES SWARTZ
Following a revision of Stylosanthes by Mohlenbrock (1958) and a review of Malesian species by Nooteboom in van Mecuwen ef al (1961) there has been some controversy about the identity of S. sundaica Taub. Mohlenbrock treated S, sundaica as a synonym of S. humilis HBK., Townsville stylo. Nooteboom not only treated the two as distinct, but placed them in different sections of the genus, S. sundaica in sect. Styosanthes and S. /rumilis in sect. Stylosanthes. Mohlenbrock (1963), without any discussion, accepted Nooteboom’s interpreta- tion of S. sundaica. More recently °t Mannetje (1968) received the problem and suggested that detailed taxonomic studies be carried out.
Through the courtesy of the Director of Herbarium Bogorense I examined Malesian material of S. sundaica and material of S. fusmilis from Australia and New Guinea in the Queensland Herbarium.
38
Plants from Malesia (excluding Papua) usually have two inner bracteoles, and in one case (van Steenis 7357) a rudimentary floral axis. In all other characters (vegetative, floral and fruiting) the Malesian and Australian plants are indistinguishable. In general appearance plants of S. sundaica grown in the open at Brisbane look very like the “Katherine” and ‘Pretty Beach” strains of S. Aumilis grown under controlled environmental conditions at Canberra (Downes et al, 1967). When grown in the open at Gayndah (latitude 25°5°) and Brisbane 5. sundaica, or at least the strain grown, does not flower. This is not inconsistent with the behaviour of the late maturing types of Townsville stylo naturalized in Australia (Cameron, 1967).
I agree with Nooteboom’s observations on 5. sundaica and on the deficiencies of Mohlenbrock’s (1958) paper, but I do not believe that the evidence presented justifies the recognition of S. sundaica as a distinct taxon. It is merely a variant of the extremely variable S. humilis, not worthy of even varietal rank. Mohlen- brock’s description of S, humilis, however, should be amended to include plants which often have two bracteoles and rarely a caducous rudimentary floral axis. It may then be regarded as being somewhat transitional between the two sections, as Mohlenbrock has already treated S. sericeiceps S. F. Blake. The fact that the presence of a rudimentary floral axis and a second inner bracteole is used to distinguish the two sections of Stylosanthes does not give these characters any special properties and make them any less liable to variation at least within some species,
Stylosanthes humilis which is well adapted to dispersal by animal and man was probably introduced from eastern Brazil into Malesia in post-Columbian times, probably by Portuguese in the 16th century. Merrill (1954) discussed the significance of the Portugal-Brazil-Cape of Good Hope-East Indies trade route. S. humilis is an extremely plastic species, as is demonstrated by the behaviour of the plants naturalized in Queensland (Cameron, 1965) which probably have been derived from few introductions and the variant with the rudimentary floral axis and second bracteole could either have been the original strain introduction to Malesia or it could have arisen since.
TEPHROSIA PERS.
The genus Tephrosia in Australia is in need of revision, Some preliminary studies have been made and it is intended that eventually at least a review of the Australian species will be prepared. In the interim the following new com- binations are made and species described:
Tephrosia spechtii Pedley, nom. et stat. nov. Based on T. purpurea (L.) Pers. var. axillaris Bak. f., J. Bot. 64:91 (1926). Type: Groote Eylandt, Brown ‘4115’ (kK, isosyn)
NORTHERN ‘TERRITORY: Hemple Bay, Groote Eylandt, May 1948, Specht 373; Bickerton I, Jun 1948, Specht 620.
Tephrosia rufula Pedley, nom. et stat. nov. Based on T. purpurea (1..) Pers. var. rufescens Benth., Fl. Aust. 2:210 (1864). Type: Gorman Creek, Moreton Bay, Stuart (ex herb. Mueller) (K, lecto, designated here)
T. brachyodon Domin var, rufescens (Benth.) Domin, Biblio. Bot. 89:198 (1926). Based on 7. purpurea var, rufescens Benth.
39
QUEENSLAND: LErIcHHARDT Districr: Springsure, Oct 1933, Whife 9451; Isla Gorge, ca 28 kim SW of Theodore, Aug 1973, Sharpe & Hockings 515, BurNerr District: Dillarnel, Dec 1939, Smith 637; “Narayen”, Feb 1967, Tothill N339, Crawford Hill, Nov 1947, Michael 3038. Moreron Disrrict; Petrie, Novy 1931, Blake 2893; Pine Mountain, 27°29'S 142° 446, Jul 1972, Durringen & Thomas 724, Goodna, Jun 1930, White 6770; Enoggera near Brisbane, Oct 1930, White 7342,
Tephrosia benthamii Pedley, nom. et. stat. nov. Based on T. rosea F. Muell. ex Benth. var. (?) angustifolia Benth., Fl. Aust. 2:2111 (1864). Type: between Darling and Cooper Creek, Neilson (K, holo)
QUEENSLAND: GREGORY Nortu Districr: “Coolane” ca 32 km W of Winton, Oct 1956, Bisset. Warreco District: “Curragh” near Cunnamulla, Jan 1931, Hubbard & Winders 6216; Charleville, Oct 1945, Clemens.
Tephrosia delestangii Pedley, species nova affinis 7. polyzygae F. Muell. ex Benth. foliolis paucioribus latioribus, inflorescentiis densioribus et leguminibus angustioribus differt. Typus: Latz 1835 in NT 31511 (BRI, holotypus).
Suffrutex ramosissimus foliaceus griseus usque 0°5 m altus; ramuli indumento pilorum rectorum appressorum argenteorum usque 1 mm longorum obsiti; stipulae lineares persistentes 3~6mm longae. Folio (9~)13—29-foliata; rhachis (25—)35—-75 mm longa (petiolo 7—12. (-10) mm longo incluso), dense pubescens; foliola obovato-oblonga vel cuneata, obtusa, truncata vel leviter retusa, 8~16mm longa, 3-6mm lata, 2°3—2-8—-plo longiora quam lata, foliclo terminali interdum 9mm lata et 1:5—plo longioro quam lata, discoloria indumento pilorum brevium debillium erectorum sparsorum supra indumento pilorum longiorium -appressorium argenteorum plerumque densorum infra obsita, 4-5 nervis lateralibus conspicuis, praecipue conspicius in pagina supero praedita. Flores in pares in pseudoracemis 4~7—nodis ferminalibus vel in axillas superas dispositi; pedicelli 2-2-5 mm longi; calyx dense appresse pubescens tubo quam lobus inferus longiore, 1-5-2 mm longo, lobo supero (bifido ad circa medium) et laterale 1:5-1-8mm longo, lobo infero 2—2-5.mm longo instructus. Corolla aurantiaca; vexillum tomentosum dorsale, 4mm longum, 4-4-5 mm latum, ungue 1:2~1:5 mm longo; alae quam carina longiores 4mm longae, 2 mm latae unguibus 1-2 mm longis; carina interdum leviter pubescens apicem versus circa 3mm longa, 1-5-2mm lata, ungue eum alarum aequanti; ovarium dense appresse pubescens, 8—10-—-ovalatum; stylus glaber planus. Legumen rectum vel apice interdum sursum, appresse pubescens, 35-40 mm longum; 3-3-5 mm latum. Semina brunnea subcylindrica 2-2:-2mm longa, 1:7~2mm diam; arillus nullus.
Much-branched leafy grey subshrub to 0:5 m tall; branchlets with dense indumentum of straight silvery hairs to 1mm long; stipules linear persistent 3-6mm long. Leaves (9—)13-29-foliolate; rachis (25-)35~75 mm _ long Gincluding petiole 7-12(—20) mm long), densely pubescent; leaflets obovate— oblong or cuneate, obtuse, truncate or slightly retuse, 8-16mm long, 3-6 mm wide, 2-3~2-8 times as long as wide, the terminal leaflet sometimes 9 mm wide and 1-5 times as long as wide, discolorous, upper surface with indumentum of sparse weak short erect hairs, lower with indumentum of usually dense appressed longer silvery hairs, 4—5 lateral nerves conspicuous, especially on upper surface. Flowers in pairs in 4-7—noded terminal pseudoracemes 5—9 cm long or rarely in pairs in upper axils; pedicels 2-2-5 mm long; calyx densely appressed pubescent, the tube shorter than the lower lobe, 1-5-2 mm long, upper lobe (bifid to about the middle) and lateral lobes 1-5-1-8 mm long; lower lobe 2—2-5 mm long, Corolla orange; standard tomentose on the back, 4mm long, 4:5—5 mm wide on claw 1+2-1-5 mm long; wings longer than the keel, 4mm long, 2mm wide, on claw 1-2 mm long; keel sometimes slightly pubescent near the apex, ca 3 mm long, 1:5—2 mm wide on claw as long as that of the wings; ovary densely appressed pubescent, 8-10 ovulate; style flat, glabrous. Pod straight or sometimes upturned at the apex, appressed pubescent, 35-40 mm long, 3-3:5 mm wide. Seeds brown, subcylindrical 2-2-2 mm long, 1-7-2 mm diam.; aril none.
40
Northern Territory: Stuart Highway, Daly Waters turn-off, Feb 1969, Mfust 432 (BRI); Daly Waters, Mar 1972, Byrnes 2501 (BRI); 50 miles [80 km] 8 of Borroloola road junction, McArthur River, ca 17°18’S, 135°37’E, Jun 1971, Leatz 1535 (BRI). Queensland: BurKE District: Adels Grove, 130 km NNE of Camooweal, Feb 1946, de Lestang (BRI).
T, delestangii has been collected in only three rather widely separated localities. It occurs on skeletal soils on hillsides.
Tephrosia virens Pedley, sp. nov. affinis T. spechtii Pedley et T. macrocarpae Benth. ab illa foliolis paucioribus grandioribus a hac foliolis saepe paucioribus infra pubescentibus sine mucrone nervis paucioribus lateralibus et inflorescentiis axillaribus differt. Typus: Lavery 19 (BRI, holotypus).
Frutex virella usque 2m altus; ramuli angulares mox teretes sericei vel interdum glabrati; stipulae lineares 2-4mm longae. Folia 3-vel minus plerumque 5-~foliolata; axis sericeus, 6-18 (—28) mm longus (petiolo 5—13{—16) mm longo incluso) folioli anguste obovati vel obovati, obtusi vel aliquando retusi, 20~35 mm longi, 5~15 mm lati, 2~4-4—plo longiora quam latum, foliolo interdum grandiori, supra glabri vel indumento pilorum sparsorum brevium appressorum et infra pilorum brevium appressorum obsita; 4-8 nervi laterales conspicui; petiolulus 1:5-2-Smm longus dense sericeus. Flores 1-7 in gricibus axillaribus apparenter sessilibus vel perspicue racemosis, axe post lapsum florium manifeste cicairicata, 1:-4mm longo. Corolla aurantiaca vel aurantiaco-ruber; vexillum dorsale tomentosum, 4-56 mm longum, 7-10 mm latum ungue I[:5—-3mm longo; alae carinam fere aequantes 46mm longae, 2:5-4mm latae ungue 2-2-5 mm longo; carina 4-5 mm longa, 2~3 mm lata ungue 2~3.mm longo. Calyx appresse pubescens; tubus 1-8-2 mm longus, lobus inferus ~~ subulatus, 2-5-4 mm longus, lobi laterali 2-2-5 mm longi et lobus superus 2-3 mm longus ad circa medium bifus. Ovarium sericeum, 8-9 ovulatum; stylus planus glaber, Legumen planum sursum apice sparse appresse pubescens 5—6cm longum, 4~5 mm latum, 6~9— sperum. Semina lenticula circa 3-4 mm longa, 2-2-5 mm lata, sine arillo,
Greenish shrub to 2 m tall; branchlets angular becoming terete, sericeous or sometimes glabrate; stipules linear 2-4 mm long. Leaves 3— or less commonly 5—foliolate; axis sericeous, 6—18(—28) mm long (including petiole 5—-12(—16) mm long), leaflets narrowly obovate or obovate, obtuse or occasionally retuse, 19—35 mm long, 5-15 mm wide, 2-4-4 times as long as wide, the terminal one sometimes larger, upper surface glabrous or with indumentum of sparse short
appressed hairs, lower surface always with indumentum of sparse appressed hairs, _
4.8 lateral veins conspicuous; periolule 1:5-2:S’mm Tong, densely sericeous, Flowers in groups of 1-7 in the axils apparently sessile or distinctly racemose the axis conspicuously scarred after flowers have fallen, 1-4mm long. Corolla orange or orange-red; standard tomentose on the back, 4:5-6 mm long, 7-10 mm wide on claw 1:5--3 mm long; wings as long as, or slightly longer than, the keel, 3:4-6mm long, 2-5-4 mm wide on claw 2—2-5 mm long; keel 4-5 mm long, 2—3 mm wide on claw 2~3 mm long. Calyx appressed pubescent; tube 1-8-2 mm long, lower lobe + subulate, 2-5-4 mm long, lateral lobes 2-2-5 mm long and upper lobe, 2—3 mm long bifid to about the middle. Ovary sericeous, 8—9 ovulate; style flat glabrous. Pod flat upturned at end, sparsely appressed pubescens, 5-6cm long, 4-5 mm wide, 6-9 seeded. Seeds lenticular, ca 3-4 mm long, 2-2-5 mm wide, without an aril,
Western Australia: Liveringa, Fitzroy River, Apr 1927, Ewart comm. Gardner (KK). Northern Territory: 61 km from Tanami towards Gordon Downs, 19° 41'S, 129° 25’ B, Aug 1971, Gittins 2369 (BRI); 21 miles NW of Wavehill police station, Jun 1949, Perry & Lazarides 2854 (BRI, K)}; 52 miles N of Tennant Creek, Apr 1948, Per. ry 634 (BRI, K); Limbunya, 17° 18’S, 129° 45'E, Apr 1974, Dunlop 3510 (BRI). Queensiand: BuRKE Districr: 107 miles (170 km) from Camooweal on road to Burketown, Jun 1966, Pedley 2055 (BRI, K); Mt. Isa, Mar 1949, McFarlane (BRI), Oct 1974, Specht & Rogers 96 (BRI), Jan 1958, Lavery 19; Adels Grove, 130 km NNE of Camooweal, Feb 1947, de Lestang 197 (BRI); 14 miles SW of “Kamileroi” Stn, Aug 1953, Lazarides 3973 (BRI, K); Lawn Hill, May 1940, Jensen 66 (BRI).
41
In the eastern part of its range 7. virens occurs on shallow soils with high levels of copper but collectors’ notes indicate that in the Northern Territory it is found on shallow soils derived from sandstone and limestone, unlikely to be high in copper,
Bibliography
Benson, L. (1941). The Mesquites and Screw-beans of the United States. Amer. J. Bot. 28 :748-754,
BENTHAM, G. (1841}. Notes on Mimoseae, with a short synopsis of Species. J. Bor. (Hooker) 4:323-417.
Brack, J. M. (1920), Additions to the flora of South Australia, No. 18, Trans, & Proc, Roy. Soc, South Australia 44:374-378.
BRENAN, J. P. M. (1967), Leguminosae subfam. Caesalpinioideae in E. Milne-Redhead & R. M. Polhill (ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Crown Agents for Overseas Governments and Administrations, London,
Burkart, A. (1940). Materiales para una monografia del genero “Prosopis”. Darwiniana 4:57-128.
CAMERON, D. F. (1965). Variation in flowering time and in some growth characteristics
ef Townsville tucerne (Stylosanthes humilis), Aust. J. Exper. Agric. Anim. Husband. 5:49,
CAMERON, D, F. (1967). Flowering in Townsville Lucerne (Stylosanthes humilis), I. Studies in controlled environments. Aust. J. Exper. Agric. Anim. Husband. 7:489-494.
Downes, R. W., STAPLES, I. B., CoLMAn, P. A. & PepLey, L. (1967). The effect of day- length and temperature on the growth and reproduction of six strains of Townsville lucerne (Stylosanthes fuanilis), Ausi, J, Exper, Agric, Anim, Husband, 7:351-356,
GRAHAM, J. D, (1960). Morphological variation in mesquite (Prosopis, Leguminosae) the lowland of north-eastern Mexico. South-west Nat. 4:187-193.
HATTINK, T. A. (1974). A revision of Malesian Caesalpinea, including Mesonenron (Legum- inosae-Caesalpianaceae). Reinwardtia 9:1-69.
Hurcuinson, J. (1964), The Genera of Flowering Plants. Dicotyledones. Vol. 1, Oxford University Press, London,
Tounston, M. ©, (1962). The North American mesquite Prosopis sect. Algarobia (Legum- inosae) Brittonia 14:72-90.
“t MANNETJE, L. (1968). Stylosanthes sundaica Taub. Plant introduction Rey. §(2):3.
Marecuat, R. & Bauprtr, J. C. (1974). Deaux combinations nouvelles dans la genre Macrop tilttim Urb. (Papilionaceae). Bull, Jard, Bot, Nat. Belg, 44:443-444,
MEEUWEN, M, S. VAN, Nooresoom, H. P. & Sreenis, C. G. G. J. vAN (1961). Preliminary revisions of some genera of Malaysian Papilionaceae I. Reinwardtia 5:419-456,
Merritt, FE. D. (1954). The Botany of Cook’s Voyages. Chronica Botanica 14(5/6):164-384.
MoBLENBROCK, R, H. (1958). A revision of the genus Stylosanthes. Ann, Miss. Bot. Gard. 44:299-355,
MoOHLENBROCK, R. H. (1963). Further considerations in Stylosanthes (Leguminosae) Ritodora 65:245-258,
Pepiey, L. (1973). The names of come legumes cultivated in Queensland. Od J. Agric. Anim, Sct. 30; 195-197,
ROWELL, C. M. gr. (1969). The taxonomy and phytogeography of Prosopis L. in J. L. Shuster (ed,), Literature on the mesquite (Prosopis L.} of North America. Texas Tech, Univ., Lubbock, Texas.
SCHMITZ, A. (1972). Contribution palynologique 4 la taxonomiie des Bauhiniege (Caesalp- injaceae) Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg, 43:369-423,
bE Wir, H. C. BD. (1956). A revision of Malaysian Baulineae, Reinwardtia 3:381-539.
42 .
Addendum
Burkart’s treatment of Prosopis (J. Arnold Arbor. vol. 57. 1976) differs to some extent from the one presented here. P. pallida HBK. and P. limensis Benth. are treated as being conspecific, with White 2390 being cited under P. pallida. Everist 5902 which I have referred to P. flexuosa is cited by Burkart under P. velutina. The specimen (in fruit) is however a good match for Wedermann 455 (K, in flower) referred by Burkart to P. flexuosa.
spomguaste “+ cedure cQRRS PIE npn Reman
cpeepaghamaeeereed tt te
sci QO TATRA SLE UIST ote
Austrobaileya 1 (1): 43-46 (1977)
ALLOSYNCARPIA TERNATA, A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF MYRTACEAE SUBFAMILY LEPTOSPERMOIDEAE FROM NORTHERN AUSTRALIA
By S. T. Blake*
Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane
Summary
Allosynearpia §. ‘T. Blake with one species A. ternata S. T. Blake has flowers partly fused into small heads, circumsciss calyx-tube, many free stamens, 2—celled ovary with hori-
zontal ovules, I-seeded capsules, large seeds with large much convoluted cotyledons and unique branched septate hairs.
In 1955 Mr. W. Bateman then Forest Officer at Darwin collected a specimen with flowers partly connate in small heads and old infructescences of a tree in the northern part of the Northern Territory that could not be reconciled with any known genus of the Myrtaceae to which family the species certainly belonged, but the “fruits” appeared so abnormal that it could not certainly be determined whether the mature fruit was dry or fleshy; these structures eventually proved to be the connate lower parts of the calyx-tubes from which sced and endocarp had fallen away. Bateman collected other material including wood samples but this did not resolve the doubt. The structure of the wood also could not be recon- ciled with that of any known genus. Mr. L. Beens who succeeded Mr. Bateman collected abundant flowering material from another locality in 1965 but it remained for Mr. N. Byrnes to collect good fruiting specimens with secd in 1972 before the relationships of the species could be satisfactorily studied.
As byproducts of the search for relationships the nature of the hairs found in some genera was examined, a reinvesligation of the floral structure of Hucalypt- opsis was carried out, and embryos from some genera were studied.
Allosyncarpia S, T. Blake; genus novum ob fiores fructusque sessiles in capitulis partim connatos Syacarpiam Ten. revocat, ob calycis tubum supia ovarium circumscissum atque stamina pernumerosa partim deflexa atque seminis solitarii formam Eucalyptopsem C, T. White simulans, quoad ovula seminaque horizontalia, folia terna ab utraque differt et ob inflorescentiam elongatum pills ramosis dense indutam insigna.
Flores hermaphroditi. Tubus calycis + turbinatus supra ovarium productus, post anthesin pars libera circumscissa; lobi 5S herbacei latissime triangulares. Petala 5 trullato- ovato basi latiuscula subcuneata vix unguiculata, sepalis longiora, Stamina pernumerosa libera in secriebus pluribus dense congesta petalis longiora exteriora in alabastro interiora semper deflexa; antherae subquadratae versatiles connectivo parvo loculis parallelis longitud- inalitor dehiscentibus, Ovarium omnino adnatum apice leviter convexum plabrum circum
* Died 24 February (973.
44
stylum haud depressum, 2-loculare; ovula 6-10 campylotropa, crassa, horizontalia, peltata; placenta lata haud crassa in medium dissepimentum fere omnino adnata. Stylus teres calycem haud superans glaber; stigma parvum. Fructus semisuperus capsularis apice dehiscens 2 valvis loculo altera fere semper abortivo; post dehiscentiam exocarpii pars libera mox tandem etiam endocarpium totum secedentia. Semen wnicum depresse ovoideum, horizontale, pelt- atum hilo magno; terta tenuis; embryo semen implens; cotyledones cornei, crassi inaequales; radicula brevissima—-Arbor sempervirens perulis carens; folia terna, dorsiventralia, pellu- cido-punctata, pinnatim nervosa vena intra-marginali distincta; flores parvi sessiles 3(—5) nim capitata parte inferiore connati, capitulis pedunculatis in racemis laxis elongatis vel paniculis angustis terminalibus vel etiam axillaribus dispositis; inflorescentia tota pilis minimis ramosis septatis dense tomentosa.
Species typica adhuc unica A. ternata S. T, Blake Australiae septentrionales incola.
Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube <: turbinate, produced above the ovary, the free part circumsciss after flowering; lobes 5 herbaceous very broadly triangu- lar. Petals 5 trullate ovate with a relatively broad subcuncate base, longer than the sepals. Stamens very numerous closely packed in several series, longer than the petals, all deflexed in bud, the inner ones persistently so; anthers subquadrate, versatile, with a small connective and parallel cells opening throughout in longitudinal slits. Ovary entirely adnate, slightly convex and glabrous on top, not depressed around the style, 2-locular; ovules 6-10 campylotropous, thick, horizental, on an adnate scarcely thickened placenta about the middle of the dissepiment, Styles terete not exserted, glabrous; stigma small. Fruit semisuperior, capsular loculicidally dehiscing at the apex into 2 valves, one cell usually abortive; endocarp of the free part soon falling at length followed by the separa- tion of the entire endocarp. Seed 1, depressed ovoid, horizontal, peltate with a large hilum; testa thin; embryo filling the seed; cotyledons horny thick, unequal; radicule very short; phimule undeveloped.—-Evergreen tree without bud scales; leaves ternate, dorsiventral, punctate, pinnately veined with a distinct intra- marginal vein; flowers small, sessile, connate by their lower parts into heads of 3, the heads pedunculate, in long loose terminal or also axillary racemes or panicles, the whole inflorescence densely tornentose with very small irregularly branched septate hairs.
Type and only species: A. ternata S. T. Blake from northern Australia.
Allosyncarpia ternata S$. T. Blake, species nova adhuc unica. Typus: Beens 30 prope Oenpelli in Australia boreali lectum (BRI, holotypus) atque Byrnes 2443 (BRI paratypus).
Arbor usque ad 18m alta cirtice griseo rimoso induta, surculis perjuvenilibus inflores- centiaque exceptis glabra. Folia ternata breviter vel brevissime petiolata; petiolis 1-10 mm longis; laminae coriaceae, anguste ovate vel anguste - ellipticae, acntae vel acuminatae, basi acutae, supra + nitidae infra pallidiores obscurioresque, vena intramarginali a margina incrassato 0-5-0-9mm distanti atque utrinsecus costam nervis lateralibus primariis 16-22 praeditae hi cum costa angulum 450°-60° facientes fere recti atque venis secundariis minus regularibus et reticulationibus prominentibus interpositi, pro more 7°5—-llcem longae 1:2—2-8cem latae et 3°5-6 nim longiores quam latiores. Inflorescentia angusta, laxa, racemiformia vel paniculata, 10-17-mm longa, pilis minutis, ramosis septatis cano albido- tomentosa; rami pedunculique inferne temi sursum oppositi bracteati bracteis caducissimis; pedunculi 5-10mm longi apicem versus par bractearum primo gerentes; bracteolae (?) minimae ad flores laterale adnatae. Flores sessiles 3-ni uniseriati, ad apicem ovariorum connati. Calyx turbinato-campanulatus, + 4mm longus, tomentosus, supra ovarium longius productus post anthesin circumscissus; sepala 5 latissime triangularia acuta et + acuminata, 1-2—1-3.mm longa + 1-3 mm lata. Petala 5 late trullato ovata, tomentosa et ciliata, punctata, venulosa sepalis longiora 1:5-2 mm longa. Stamina § seriata, 2-4mm longa in alabastro omnia deflexa, exteriora longiora tandem erecta vel patentia antherae subquadratae 0:4mm longae lataeque, dorso fere ad apicem glandula parva gerentes. Ovarium apice leviter sonvexum glabrum. Capitula frugifera 3~1 fructus gerentia vel 3-loba vel transverse ellipsoidea vel irregulariter globosa, + 10mm alta, usque ad 15mm lata + 5mm crassa.
45
Fructus semisuperior parte libera fere semiglobosa sed compressa verrucosa, loculo altero abortivo altero monospermo. Semen horizontale, a dorso visum irregulariter ovatum, a latere visum subreniforme, - 7-7-5mm longum, 5-6mm latum, 4-5 mm crassuim; testa brunnea admodum rugulosum; cotyledones pallidi, punctati.
Tree up to 18 m high with grey fissured fibrous bark glabrous except for the inflorescence and the very young shoots. Leaves ternate, shortly or very shortly petiolate; petioles 1-10 mm long; blades coriaceous narrowly ovate or narrowly -& elliptic acute or acuminate, acute at the base, somewhat shining above, paler and duller beneath, primary lateral veins in about 16~22 pairs at an angle of 50°-60° with the midrib running nearly straight to the intramarginal vein, with several less regular secondary laterals and prominent reticulations between the intramarginal vein 0:5—0:9 mm from the outside edge of the thickened margin, mostly 7-5~{1 cm long and 1-2~2:8 cm wide, mostly 3-5—6 times as long as wide; reversion shoots? subsessile, only 3 times as long as wide.
Inflorescence narrow, racemiform or paniculate 10-17cm long densely whitish tomentose with minute branched septate hairs; branches and peduncles ternate or sometimes opposite above with very early caducous bracts near the top and two pairs of minute bracteoles (?) nearly entirely adnate to calyx tube of the lateral flowers; no terminal peduncle. Flowers sessile 3~nate in a linear series connate for about 3 their length (to the top of the ovaries), Calyx turbinate campanulate + 4mm long, 3-5—4 mm wide at top, tomentose, the tube produced above the ovary for 1-1-5 mm and circumsciss at the level of the ovary after anthesis; sepals 5 very broadly triangular acute and =: acuminate, +: 1:2-1:3 mm long, + 1:5 mm wide. Petals 5 broadly trullate ovate, tomentose, ciliate, dotted and venulose, longer than the sepals, 1-5-2 mm long.
Stamens in about 5 series, 2—~4mm long, all deflexed in bud, the inner 2 series remaining so at anthesis. Anthers 0:4mm long and wide with a small subapical gland at the back. Ovary slightly convex and glabrous on top; style slightly swollen in the middle half. Fruiting heads + 3-lobed when 3 fruits mature or transversely ellipsoid or irregularly globose when 1 or 2 fail to mature, -+ 10mm high up to 15 mm wide, -— 5 mm thick. Fruits semisuperior, the free part about semiglobose but compressed laterally, one cell abortive, the other _with one seed, at length falling from the calyx tube after the seed has been shed leaving only the united bases of the calyx tube, persistent on the peduncle.
Seed horizontal depressed ovoid as viewed from above, somewhat reniform in side view, = 7-7-5 mm long, 5-6 mm wide and 4—5 mm thick, testa brown, somewhat rugose; cotyledons pallid, dotted. |
Worthern Territory: Darwin & GuLr Disrreicr: 16 miles NE of Oenpelli, bank of Birraduk Ck, in fringing forest, 60 m, Novy 1965, Beens 30 (wood sample W.107), (1. f., bk.); Waterfall Ck, South Alligator R, on creek bank, Jan 1972, Byrnes 2443, (ir); springs along headwaters of South Alligator R., Jun 1936, Rateman (old infructescences) and same loc.? in 1955, Bateman (1. fl, weathered remains of fr.)}; South Alligator R. (?same loc.) Nov-Dec 1959, Bateman (1. fl.).
The outstanding characters of Allosyncarpia are the elongated panicles or racemes of small heads of partly connate flowers with the calyx-tube produced above the ovary and this free part circumsciss after anthesis falling with the entire sepals and the very numerous free stamens in several continuous series the outer of which are about as long as the petals, the 2-celled ovary with comparatively few horizontal ovules, the semi-superior connate loculicidally dehiscent usually l-—seeded fruits with finally deciduous endocarp and upper part of exccarp and plump peltate but horizontal seed with large broad much
46
contorted cotyledons nearly hiding the short radicle, and the peculiar branched septate hairs in the inflorescence unlike any other hairs observed or reported for the Myrtaceae. The partly connate capitate flowers with free sepals and petals and connate fruits recall Syncarpia and the calyx tube circumsciss above the ovary, stamens densely packed in several series with the inner ones persistently deflexed, 2-celled ovary and usually solitary large plump peltate seed suggest some relationship with Eucalyptopsis, while the ovary is not depressed around the style in any of them. Syncarpia and Eucalyptopsis have opposite leaves, very different inflorescences, simple non-septate hairs or none at all and erect seeds, while Syncarpia also has a persistent calyx, 1—2 seriate stamens, 3—locular ovary, many ovules erect from a basal placenta, narrow seeds with a basal hilum and radicle about half as long as the cotyledons, and conspicuous bud-scales. On the other hand Euvcalyptopsis has the flowers free in the head with entirely adnate sepals shed together with the tightly appressed petals as a calyptra, peltate placenta, less twisted cotyledons, (7?) persistent pericarp and no intramarginal vein in the leaves,
Eucalyptopsis C. T. White, J. Arnold Arb, 32:139-141, Pl. I (1951), was described as having an irregularly lobed calyx, no petals and stamens in four groups, but it is now clear that the single flower available has split during drying. The material now available shows that the sepals are entirely adnate in the bud as a very short broad calyptra which is somewhat irregularly circumsciss immediately above the stamens and often remains attached by a small part to one side of the expanded flower; there are four imbricate petals tightly appressed to one another and to the sepals and falling with them. The structure of the operculum and its adherence in the open flower recalls that of Eucalyptus ferminalis and related species. The very numerous stamens are crowded in about five continuous series. White suggested that its closest ally was Pleuro- calyptus Brogn. & Gris. from New Caledonia which has a somewhat similar calyptrate calyx tending to split into irregular lobes, but the calyx-tube is persistent and the petals persist on the open flower while the arrangement of the stamens in one series opposite the sepals and more than one opposite the petals, the almost superior (perigynous) 4—5—celled ovary with a depression around the style and bifid basal placentas with marginal ovules as well as the alternate leaves set this genus apart from any of the others considered in this paper; the hairs are simple and non-septate.
Eucalyptopsis is perfectly glabrous but Syncarpia is more or less pubescent at least on very young shoots and the top of the ovary with simple non-septate hairs. Choricarpia Domin, based on Syncarpia leptopetala F. Muell. and originally distinguished from Syncarpia because of the free though densely packed flowers with only 20 stamens and 2-celled ovary with a solitary erect (base) ovule in each cell has 2—armed hairs with a short central stalk (malpighiaceous hairs) as in the South American Calyptranthes and Marlieria of the Myrtoideae. Bentham followed Mueller’s placement of Syncarpia with some misgiving and with the suggestion that it might prove to be generically distinct, in Benth. & Hook., Gen. Pl. 1:709 (1865), Fi. Aust. 3:266 (1867) and J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 10:145-6 (1867). Baillon referred the species wrongly determined as Syncarpia laurifolia to a new monotypic section of Metrosideros, Metrosideros sect, Sarcynpia Baill. Hist. Pl. 6,362, 363 (1877). A second species C. subar- gentea (C, T. White) L. Johnson (Syncarpia subargentea C. T. White and S. subargentea C. 'T, White var. latifolia.C. T. White) has similar. 2~armed hairs but I have not seen ripe fruits or seeds of either. The genus further differs from Syncarpia in having no bud-scales.
sg goa te RRP oem 253 "Sr yp ARNE te 6 NTO sa LINDEN
soe PARERDEAES
Se UR TEAR a TA
SEEDS
Sy Ra TTT
eh WOE STEAL TRTETS
: t & ba a A i : Ay #
ICSE ORR TR
aetna ec PS ENT 7
Austrobaileya 1 (1): 47-48 (1977)
THE GENUS VERTICORDIA (MYRTACEAE) IN NORTHERN | AUSTRALIA
By N. B. Byrnes
Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane
Summary
Two new species of Verticordia, WV. decussata and V.
ECH » Geen. verticillata from Northern Australia are described and some notes on distribution are given.
The genus Verticordia is generally restricted to the south western part of Australia and in “Flora Australtensis”, Bentham listed only one species, V. cun-
ninghanui Schau, north of latitude 18°S. A further two taxa have been found north of this latitude.
Verticordia decussata S$, T. Blake ex N. Byrnes, sp. nov. affinis V. cunninghamii
Schau. sed foliis decussatis valde confertis et floribus parvioribus differt Typus: Dunlop 3652 (BRI, holotypus; DNA, isotypus ).
Frutex patulus usque ad 2m altus. Felia decussata, valde conferta rectangularia, 1-2-5 mm longa ca 0-4mm lata, obtusa, punctata, supra profunde canaliculat Flores albi, axillares in pedicellos breves. Bracteolae caducae, alabastrum includentes ca 3 ithe longae, unaquae que carina distincta in acumen desinens, Calycis tubus costis 10 interdum haud prominentibus. Lobi calycis ad 5mm dongi, divaricate ramosi. Petala Jate ovata irregulariter serrata, ca 3mm longa. Stamina et staminodia ca 2mm longa. Stylus conicus
ca 5mm longus, annulo ciliorum infra apicem, Ovarium uniloculare placentatione basilari et ovulis 8-10, Fructus ignott.
sessilia, coriacea,
Shrub to 2m high, spreading. Leaves decussate, very crowded, sessile coriaceous, rectangular, 1-2-5.mm long, about 0:4 mm_ wide, obtuse, deeply channelled above, punctate. Flowers white on short axillary pedicels. Bracteoles enclosing bud, about 3mm long, each with a distinct keel ending in a point caducous. Calyx tube with 10 ribs, sometimes indistinct. Calyx lIebes to § anit long, divaricately branched. Petals broadly ovate, irregularly serrate, about 3 mm long. Stamens and staminodes about 2mm long, Style conical, about 5 mm long
with a ring of cilia below the apex. Ovary unilocular with 8-10 ovules borne basally. Fruit unknown.
Northern Territory: Edith R., 14° 09 S 132° 18 FB Sep 1974 holo; DNA, iso); above UDP Falls, Jul 1973, Gittins 2693 ROS Bests we Nourlangie Rock, Jul 1972, Martensz AB 168 (DNA); Nourlangie Rock Tony 19 ot Fox 495 (DNA) & Jul 1972, Byrnes 2760 (DNA); Nourlangie Rock area, Nov 1972 AM, eo B776 (DNA); Oenpelli, Oct 1948, Specht 1112 (PERTH). Be tala
Range. This species is confined to the Northern Territory
and to date h been found south of 15°S latitude. ale nas not
Habitat. Sandstone areas usually growing in crevices or on shallow sandy soils
This species has been known for a considerable time but only recently ha sufficient collections been made to give a reasonable representation of the Bente Dr. S. T. Blake suggested the name and intended to describe the species (Specht & Mountford, Am.—Aust. Exp. to Arnhem Land 3:273. 1958) but did not
continue with the work. The very tightly packed decussately arran 4 + ’ a . Cc oA enable determination of stcrile material. y ged leaves
48
Verticordia verticillata N. Byrnes sp, nov. affinis V. cunninghamii Schau. sed foliis verticillatis, staminodiis brevioribus et stylo longiori differt. Typus: Dunlop 3089 (BRI, holotypus; DNA, isotypus).
Verticordia cunninghamii Schau. var. longistyla C. A. Gardner.
Frutex ad 5m altus. Folia verticillata, }inearia, plerumaque falcata, triqnetra, apiculata, sessiia 1-3 cm longa, ad 1mm lata, punctata inconspicue. Flores albi, axillares in pedicellos ad icm longus plerumgue in panicula frondoso dispositi, Bracteolae caducae, alabasirum includentes, ca 5mm longae, carina in acumen distincta desinens. Calycis tubus costis S hand prominentibus, Lobi ealycis 6-8 mm longi, divaricate ramosi, Petala ovata, irregulariter serrata, 4--6:mm longa. Stamina ca 3mm longa; staminodia ca 2mm longa et ambo longi- tudine + partem superantia in tubum conata. Stylus 1—1-2cm longus, pilis apicem versus. Ovarium unitloculare, placentatione basilari et ovulis 8-10 in annulo, Fruetus ex calyce leviter aucto semine uno continens constatus.
Shrub to 5m high. Leaves verticillate, linear, usually falcate, triquetrous, apiculate, sessile, 1-3 cm long and up to 1 mm wide, inconspicuously punctate. Flowers white, axillary on pedicels to 1 cm long and usually in a leafy panicle. Bracteoles enclosing the flower buds, about 5 mm long, each with a keel ending in a distinct point, caducous. Calyx tube with 5 indistinct ribs. Calyx lobes 6-8 mm long, divaricately branched. Petals ovate, 4-6 mm long, irregularly serrate. Stamens about 3 mm long; staminodes about 2 mm long, both fused together into a tube for more than 4 of their length. Style 1-1-2 cm long with hairs below the apex. Ovary unilocular with 8-10 ovules borne basally in a ring. Fruit a slightly enlarged calyx containing a single seed.
~ Northern Territory, Eva Valley Stn, 14° 14’ § 133° 00’ E, Oct 1973, Dunlop 3089 (BRI, holo; DNA, iso); Groote Eylandt, May 1948 Specht (BRI); Oenpelli, Sep 1948, Specht 1041 (BRE, PERTH); East Alligator R. area, Aug 1973, Parker 174 (BRI, DNA) & Jul 1972, Lazarides 7576 (BRD; c@ 1-5 miles NW of Cannon Hill Airstrip, Aug 1972, Martensz AE 248 (BRI); Springvale, Giles (BRI); Adelaide R., Jun 1943, Tyack Bake (BRI); Katherine, Musspratt SS0396 (DNA); 20 miles W of Katherine, Sep 1961, Speck 1661 (BRI, PERTH): Eva Valley Stn, Oct 1973, Robinson EV70 (DNA). Western Australia. 15° 45° § 128° 44° E, Sep 1970, Scarth-Johnson S57 (BRI); Deception R., Langfield 391 (PERTH): Wyndham Rd, Sep 1970, Scarth-Johnson 560 (PERTH): near Mt. Hann, Jul 1921, Gardner (PERTH) tholotype of V. ci#nninghaniii var. longistyla); 14 miles from Kununurra on Wyndham Rd., Oct 1966, Thompson 15 (PERTH).
Range. The northern part of the Northern Tetntoty and the Kimberley area of Western Australia. Habitat. Gn a wide range of well drained soils in monsoonal areas.
This species closely resembles V. Cunninghamii in the field and has been confused with it in herbaria but differs from it in having verticillate leaves with indistinct oil glands, a much longer style and comparitively shorter staminodes. Details of these characters were examined on the type material of V. cunninghamii (Cunningham’s collection) at Kew by A. Kanis (pers. comm.). This enabled the clarification as to which taxon was the undescribed species.
In C. A. Gardner “Bot. Notes, Kimberley Div. of W.A. 74 (1923)” V. cun- ninghamii var. longistyla was described. Examination of the type material revealed that it belongs to this taxon.
Originally the generic description (de Candolle, Prod. 3:208. 1828) included only opposite leaves. Bentham (FI. Aust. 3:16, 1866) expanded the description to include alternate leaves and now an addition needs to be made to include this species with its verticillate leaves. It is typical of the genus in all other characters examined.
V. cunninghamii is the most common species in Northern Australia and has the greatest range, extending from the Queensland border near the Nicholson R. to the western Kimberley area of Western Australia.
Austrobaileya | (1): 49-62 (1977)
POLYCARPAEA (CARYOPHYLLACEAE) IN AUSTRALIA
By L. PEDLEY
Queensland Herbarrum, Brisbane
SUMMARY
Diagnoses and a key to the twelve species occurring in Australia are given, Taxa described for the first time are:—P. arida, P. fallax, P. microphylla, P. coryinbosa var. minor, P. corymbosa vat. torrensis and P. spirostylis subsp. compacta, New combinations are: P. breviflora var. gracilis (based on P. synandra var. gracilis Benth,), P. spirostylis subsp. densiflora and subsp. glabra Coased on P. synaidra var, densifiora Benth, and 2. glabra White & Francis respectively). Other names placed in synonymy are: P. brevianthera Ewart & Cookson, P. burtonii F. M. Bailey, P. gamopetala Berhaut, P. longiflora var, leucantha Benth., #. parviflora Domin, P. pumilio Domin, P. spirostylis var. intercedenrs Domin var. intricata Domin, and var. resulans Domin, P. synandra F. Muell, P, triloba Ewart & Cookson and Reesia erecta Ewart. The name P. breviffora F. Muell, has been misapplied to the taxon described as P. corymbosa var, minor, The record of P. spicata Arn. from Australia is considered doubtful.
Some species of Polycarpaea are of interest to geobotanists (White & Francis 1926, Cole 1965) and in recent years there has been a demand for the correct identification cf Australian material of the genus. Bakker (1957) provided an account of Malesian species, but there has been no treatment of the genus in Australia since Bentham (1863).
The taxonomy and nomenclature of Australian species proved to be somewhat confused. These notes fall short of a full revision, mainly because of the brief descriptions which lack detail about the ovary, capsule and seeds,
Key to taxa
I. Corolla lobes free or united into tube Jess than 0:5 mm tong: staminodes* sometimes presenl, sepals less than 5mm long, sometimes without distinct midribs
Corolla lobes united into a tube more than 0:5 mm long; staminodes absent; sepals up
to 13mm long with distinct midribs 13
2. Leaves less than 2 mm iong, as long as the internodes 2 P, microphylla
Leaves more than 4mm long, usually shorter than internodes _ 3
3, Staminodes present as linear projections inside petals; sepals 4-5 mm long with deiinite midribs
Staminodes absent; sepals often without definite midribs 6
4, Stems glabrous; sepals tinged with red, glabrous; capsule ca % as long as corolla 1 P, ylolacea Stems sparsely pubescent; sepals white; capsule at least + as long as corolla 5
* See Bakker for discussion on morphology of staminodes
50
5, Sepals ca 4mm long, hirsute towards base 2 P ostaminodina Sepals 4:5~5'5mm long, not hirsute, slightly fimbriate 3 P. fallax
6. Several stems from a rosette of broad obovate or oblong radical leaves” or simple stem with a pair of basal + orbicular leaves 7
Stems simple, or if much branched then without rosette of broad leaves 9
7. Single stem with pair of broad basal leaves; corolla 1:3mm long with a_ distinct fold inside at base 6 P., diverstfolia
Much branched with basal rosette; corolla ca 3-5 mm long, corolla without fold 8
8. Plant pubescent; heads sessile, surrounded by herbaceous floral leaves: sepals without midribs 7 P. inyolucrata
Plant glabrous; heads pedunculale with scarious bracts; sepals with midribs *P, spicata
GS, Capsule {-seeded; much branched herbs; leaves with fine setaceous points ca 0-5 mm long 8 P. holtzei
Capsule with at least 5 seeds; sparingly branched; leaves usually with shorter points 10
10. Inflorescence subtended by floral leaves longer than the inflorescence 5 P. arida Inflorescence not subtended by floral leaves 4 P. corymbosa, 11
11. Sepals with + distinct midribs; capsule 1-4-2 mm long; leaves as long as or longer than the internodes 4b. P. corymbosa var. torrensis
Sepals without midribs; capsule to 1-4mm long; leaves shorter than internodes 12 12. Sepals often reddish at base to c# 2:5 mm long; petals 0-7-1-1 mm Jong 4b P. corymbosa var. miner
Sepals white; 2:5-3:5 mm long; petals 0-6-1-4mm long 4a P. corynibosa var. corymbosa
[3. Stems pubescent; calyx white or suffused with pink, 5-9 mm long; corolla 2-8-7-5 mm
long 10 P. longiftora Stems glabrous; calyx with pink or purplish midrib, not white or suffused with pink 14 14. Sepals less than 4mm long and corolla less than 2:6mm long 12 P. breviflora 15
Sepals more than 4-5 mm long and corolla more than 3-4mm long 11 P. spirostylis 16
[5. Sepals ovate, white (midrib not coloured), inflorescence rather open i2a P. brevifiora var. breviftora
Sepals narrowly ovate, white with distinct purplish midrib, inflorescence rather compact 12b P, breviflora var. gracilis
16. Inflorescence open, pedicels more than 0-8 mm long; sepals 6-13 mm long 17 Inflorescence compact, pedicels less than 0-8 mm long; sepals 4-5-7 mm long 18
17. Sepals 7-13 mm long with purplish midribs; petals only shortly bifid: staminal filaments
shorter than the corolla lla P. spirostyiis subsp. sptrostylis Sepals 6-7mm long with red-brown midribs; petals deeply bifid (1mm or more); staminal filaments longer than the corolla lb P. spirestylis subsp. glebra
18. Sepals 6-7 mm long with purplish midribs, acute lle P. spirostylis subsp. densiflora
Sepals 4-5-Simm long with red-brown midribs, not noticeably acute lid P. spirostylis subsp. conipacta
* See p. 61
31
J. Polycarpaea violacea (Mart.) Benth.,, Fl. Aust. 1:165 (1863). Based on Aylmeria violacea Mart., Nov, Acta Physcio-Med. Nat. Cur. 13:277
(1826), Type: Crokers I, April EF Cunningham (BRI, K, MEL,
iso?——see below).
Achyranthes violacea (Mart.) Spreng., Syst. Cur, Post. 102 (1827). Based on Alymeria violacea.
Alymeria rosea Mart., Nov. Acta Physcio-Med, Nat. Cur. 13:277 (1826). Type: Ex herb. Lambert (K, iso).
Achyranthes rosea (Mart.) Spreng., Syst. Cur. Post. 103 (1827). Based on Alymeria rosea.
Stems glabrous erect with rather short internodes, Leaves glabrous, rather broad. Bracts white without prominent midribs, 2-3 mm long; pedicels ca 2mm long, pubescent. Sepals 5 mm long tinged with red, with prominent midrib rather broad in basal 2mm; petals obtuse or obtusely bifid, up to 2mm long; anthers shorter than corolla; staminodes not prominent. Capsule ca 4 as long as corolla.
Range: Extreme northern part of the Northern Territory. Northern Territory: Crokers I., Apr ne Cunningham (BRI, K, MEL); near
Darwin, Mar 1914, Aen 122 (K): 14 miles [22 km] E of Darwin, Mar 1964, Adams 909 (CANB, K); Humphy Doo, Mar 1961, McKee 8315 (K); Delissaville, Cox’s Pen., Mar 1948, Specht 78.
Two sheets are segregated at K as types. One is Cunningham 267. On the other, one fragment labelled Alymeria violacea Mart. which was sent by Martius is probably also part of the Cunningham collection. The other fragment on the same sheet is merely labelled Aylmeria rosea Mart. “ex herb Lambert”, This may be an isotype of A. rosea.
2, Polycarpaea staminodina F. Muell., Rep. Babbage Exp. 8 (1858). Type: Head of Sturt Creek, Feb 1856, Mueller (MEL, holo).
Sparingly pubescent erect herb, Leaves recurved, pubescent. Bracts at base 2°5-3:5 mm long, often bilobed at apex; pedicel pubescent, Sepals usually hirsute at base, with a definite midrib, ca 4mm long; petals ca 1-2 mm long, shortly bilobed; staminodes linear 1-3} as long as petals. Capsule about half as long as petals,
Range: North-western part of the Northern Territory.
Northern Territory: Victoria River, Apr 1856, Mueller (K); Cullen & Ferguson River,
in 1927, aie (K); 12 miles [20 km) SW of Katherine, Jun 1949, Perry 1975 (BRI, CANB, K, MEL).
3. Polycarpaea fallax Pedley, sp. nov. affinis P. staminodinae F. Muell. sepalis glabris brevioribus et petalis longioribus differt. Typus: Specht 708 (Holotypus: BRI; isotypus: K, MEL).
Herb erecta ad 0-5 m alta caulibus sparsim pubescentibus. Folia 1-2 cm longa concaya; stipulae subulatae ca 4mm longae. Inflorescentiae terminales + compactae; bracteae ca 5 mm longae, anguste ovatae, bifidae laciniataeve apice, fimbriatae basi; pedicelli pubescentes., Sepala 4-8—5-5 mm Jonga costis + prominentibus lanceolata ovatave leviter fimbriata prope basin; petala 1-8-2mm longa ca 0-4 mm lata leviter erosa vel obtusa apice. Stamina: filamenta ca 1-6mm longa; antherae oblongae vel sagittatae 0.4mm longae. Capsula globosa ca 1-8 mm longa,
52
Erect herb to 50 cm high with sparsely pubescent stems, Leaves 1-2 cm long, concave; stipules subulate, ca 4mm long. Inflorescences terminal -- compact; bracts ca 5mm long, ovate lanceolate, bifid or laciniate at the apex, fimbriate at the base; pedicels pubescent. Sepals 4°8—5-5 mm long with =: prominent midribs, lanceolate or ovate slightly fimbriate near the base; petals 1 -8~2 mm long, ca 0:4 mm wide, slightly erose or obtuse at the top. Stamens: filaments ca 1-6 mm long; anthers oblong or sagittate, 0:4 mm long. Capsule globose, ca 1-8 mm long.
Range: Northern part of the Northern Territory and the lower part of the Ord River basin in Western Australia.
Western Australia: 27 miles [43 km] NNE of “Denham River”, Jul 1949, Perry 2537 (BRI, CANB, MEL); near Kununurra, 15° 45'S. 128° 44’E., Sep 1970, Searih-Johnson 559 7 coh K). Northern. ‘Territory. Port. Darwin, in- 1884; Holter: aie and Jul" 1886," ‘Tenison= —
P. fallax ee Been confused with a longiflora (Section Pianchonia) but the presence of staminodes points to a relationship with P. staminodina in section Aylmeria,
4, Polycarpaeca corymbosa (L.) Lam., Tabe. Encycl. Meth. Bot. 2:129 (1797). Based on Achyranthes corymbosa L., Sp. Pl. t:205 (1753). Type: not seen.
Pubescent, sometimes glabrescent; leaves <7: glabrous up to 2-5 cm long. Bracts often fimbriate, usually 2—-lobed, 2—4-5 mm long; peduncles hirsute. Sepals with or without distinct midribs, white or slightly thickened and reddish at the base, 1-8-3-7 mm long; petals =: acute, obtuse or slightly erose, 0:6—-1-4 mm long, 3-3 as long as the sepals; anthers usually shorter than the petals. Capsule 1—2 mm long.
4a. P. corymbosa var. corymbosa Sepals |-9-3-7 mm long; petals 0:6—1-4 mm long; capsules 1-1-6 mm long, Leaves not as long as internodes; calyx without reddish tinge towards the base.
Range: Coastal and subcoastal districts of Australia north of about 22°S lat. in both Western Australia and Queensland.
Western Australia: Between Ashburton and Yule Rivers, Clement (K); between De Grey R. and Lagrange B., in 1879, Forrest and Carey (MEL); Derby, Apr 1927, Ewart (MEL); near the Ord River, in '1886, O’Donneil (MEL). Northern Territory: Victoria River, Feb 1856, Mueller (MEL); 12 miles (20 km] SW of Hooker Creek, Apr 1959, Chippendale NT 2230 (MEL); Katherine, Apr 1964, Adams 952 (MEL); Newcastle Waters, in 1887, Giles (MEL): Arnhem Land, Apr-June 1928, Basedow 17 (K). Queensland: Burke District: Adels Grove, Jun 1950, de Lestang 476 (BRI); Sweers I, Jun 1901, J. F. Bailey (BRI); Einasleigh River, Armit 547 (MEL); “Chudleigh Park”, 110 miles [174 km] N of Hughenden, Feb 1931, Hubbard & Winders 7609 (BRI, K). Coox Disrricr; 2:5 miles [4km] 8 of Somerset, May 1948, Brass 18696 and 19481 (BRI, K): 8 miles [13 km] W of Musgrave T.O., 13°48’S 143°22’F, Jun 1968, Pedicy 2657 (BRI); near Tolga, Apr 1962, McKee 9406 (BRI, K); Lizard 1, Aug 1848, Macgillivray 392 (K). Norra KENNepy District: Cleveland Bay, in 1896, Mattingley (MEL): Don River, Edgecombe Bay, in 1886, Birch (MEL), SouTH Kennepy Disrricr: Upper Belyando, in 1883, Emunerson (Mey Port Curtis District: Rosedale, May 1930, Devey D75 (BRI).
4b, P. corymbosa var. minor Pediey, var. nov. a P. corymbosa var. corymbosa floribus parvis (sepala 1+8—2-2 mm longa; petala 0-7—-1:1 mm longa at capsula 0-1~—1-{ mm longa) et sepalis area incrassata triangulare rubra saepe basi instructis dignoscenda. Typus: Pedley 1234 (BRI, holo; K, MEL, iso).
33
Misapplied name: P. breviflora auct. non F. Muell: Benth., Fl. Aust. 1:166 (1863). :
Distinguished from P. corymbosa var. corymbosa by the smaller flowers. (Sepals 1:8-2-2imm long; petals 0-7-1-lmm and capsule 0-8-1:6 mm long) and the sepals often with a reddish triangular thickened area at the base.
Range: Coastal and semi-arid areas of north-eastern Northern Territory, Queens- land and north-eastern New South Wales. One specimen from New Guinea.
Northern Territory: Bulman, 13° 38'S 134° 25’B, Apr 1963, Cole Bulman 10 (K); “Beswick” [14° 30’S 133°R], Apr 1962, Nelson 261 (MEL). Queensland: Burke DIsrrict: N of “Riversleigh”, Jun 1963, Gittins 807 (BRI). Cook Districr: Gilbert River, Bick (BRI); Palmer River, in 1895, Field (MEI.}; Yorkey’s Knob beach near Cairns, May 1962, McKee 9477 (BRI). Norrn KENNgepy District: “Cashmere”, Mar 1875, Armut 154 (MEL); Herbert River, Rockingham Bay, Sep 1869, Dallachy (MEL); Edgecumbe Bay, Michael 1185 (BRI). Mitcuent District: Jericho, Mar 1946, Clemens (BRI, K). Sournh KENNEDY District: Cape River, Bowman (MEL); Port Mackay, Diefrich 2480 (MEL). LEICHHARDT District: 9 miles [14 km] E of “Mantuan Downs”, Apr 1946, Everist 2541 (BRI); Spring- sure, sine coll, (BRE, MEI); Gracemere, Mar 1871, O’Shanesy 1296 (MEL). Wipe Bay District: Burnett Heads, Michae/ 1752 (BRI). Moreton District: Islands of Moreton Bay, Aug 1855, Mueller (K, MEL). Dartinc Downs District: 12 miles [20 km] W_ of Westmar [27° 55'S 149° 35°R], Apr 1963, Pedley 1234 (BRI, K, MEL). New South Wales: Warialda, Jul 1905, [Rupp?] (MEL); Crow Mtn, Barraba, Jul 1913, Rupp (MEL); Narrabri, Jan 1883, Betche (MEL). Papua: CENTRAL District: Bootiess Bay near Port Moresby, Jun 1960. Womersiey & Thorne NGF 12858.
4c. P. corymbosa var. torrensis Pedley, var. nov. a P. corymbosa var. corymbosa foliis internodia sequantibus vel eis longioribus et sepalis costis = manifestis instructis dignoscenda. Sepals 2-5-3mm_ longa; petala 0-7~1-1 mm longa. Capsula 1-4-2 mm longa pilis paucis longis basi vestitis. Typus: Badu L, Bick 83. (BRI, holo).
Distinguished from P. corymbosa yar. corymbosa by the leaves as long as or longer than the internodes and sepals with <¢ distinct midnerves. Sepals 2°5—3 mm long; petals 0-7-1 mm long. Capsule 1-42 mm long with a few long hairs at the base.
Range: The northern part of Cape York Peninsula and islands of Torres Strait,
Cook Disrricr: Albany L, Aug 1855, Mfveller (K, MEL); Badu L, May 1911, Bick 83 (BRI): Thursday IL, in 1878, Chalmers (MEL); Cape York, Daemei (K, MEL); Somerset, June 1897, Bailey (BRI),
Polycarpaea corymbosa, a pantropical species exhibiting a considerable range of variation, should properly be examined throughout its range if a satisfactory classification is to be arrived at. The following observations may assist other workers on the species. :
On the whole, specimens from Australia resemble South American ones more closely than they do ones from Africa, Brenan and Taylor (Kew herb. records) noted that P. brasiliensis Comb. appeared to be different, but not specifically so from P. corymbosa from Asia and Africa, and that Chodat and Hassler had made the combination P. corymbosa var, brasiliensis for Paraguayan specimens, They considered the plant described as P. nebulosa by Lakela (1963) to be a slight variant of P. brasiliensis.
In view of the wide distribution and the complexity of the variation of the species I am reluctant to complicate the taxonomy of the species by describing two more infra-specific taxa, but within Australia both are sufficiently distinct to warrant at least varietal rank.
54
P. corymbosa var. torrensis is well defined in both foliar and capsular characters, The well defined rib of its sepals distinguishes it from the other varieties, Both Bentham (1863) and Bakker (1957) regarded the absence of a rib on the sepals as distinctive character of P. corymbosa, but accounts of the species vary from country to country and there are often inconsistencies between descriptions and illustrations. For example, Rohrbach (1872) stated that the midrib of P. corymbosa was hardly prominent (“vix prominente”) but it is weli enough defined in the plate: The plant drawn is remarkably similar in general appearance to P. corymbosa var, torrensis.
P. corymbosa var. minor is not as well defined as var. forrensis. I have applied the name to a variant found on sand in inland and coastal localities that varies more in general appearance than in any single character. [t has somewhat smaller flowers and its sepals are tinged with red at the base. The taxon has been generally wrongly referred to as either P. breviflora or P. corymbosa var. breviflora. The misidentification is discussed under P. breviflora (p. 60),
5. Polycarpaea arida Pedley, sp. nov. affinis P. corymbosae (L.) Lam, inflores- centiis foliis floralibus longis ++ subtentis differt. Typus: Zyerist 3964 (BRI, holo; K, MEL, iso),
Herba perennis ad 10cm alta; caules pubescentes pilis albis crispis vestiti: stipulae anguste ovatae integrae vel profunde laciniatae, foliis breviorae. Folia linearia 5-10 mm longa, mucronulata glabra, ea inflorescentiam condensam corymbosam subtentia inflores- centiam aequantia vel eam longiora, Bracteae sine castis sepala +: aequantes; pedicelli pubescentes, Sepala 2-5-3:5mm longa sine costis sed basibus crassis cartilagineis ca 0-3—-0-5mm longis; petala 0-6-1-1mm longa obtusa integra; stamina petalis brevioria filamentis 0:-3mm longis et antheris globulis 0-2mm diam. Capsula 2mm _ longa.
Perennial to 10cm tall; stems pubescent with white crisped hairs; stipules narrowly ovate, entire or deeply lanciniate, shorter than the leaves. Leaves linear 5—10 mm long, mucronulate glabrous, those subtending the condensed corymbose inflorescence as long as or longer than the inflorescence. Bracts without midribs, about as long as the sepals; pedicels pubescent. Sepals 2:5-3-5 mm long without midribs but with thick cartilaginous bases ca 0-3-0-5 mm long; petals 0-6—-1-1 mm long, obtuse, entire; stamens shorter than the petals with filaments 0-3 mm long and globular anthers 0:3 mm in diameter. Capsule 2 mm long.
Range: Arid parts of northern Australia.
Western Australia: “Mt House”, Apr 1955, Lazarides 5160 (BRI); Mt Squires, Barrow Ra, Aug 1891, Helis (MEL). Northern Territory: Glen of Palms, in 1872, Giles (MEL); James Range, in 1886, Schwartz (MEL); Finke River, in 1879, Kempe (MEL}; Coglin River, near Charlotte Waters, May 1926, Basedow 9 (K). South Australia: Vicinity of Lake Eyre, Andrews comm. Schomburgk CK), Queensland: Grecory Nortu DrsTricr: ca 100 miles [160 km] W of Windorah, Jun 1949, Everist 3964 (BRI, K, MEL); Thylungra, May 1963, Macdonald 432 (K). Warreco District: “Offham”’, 40 miles [64km] W of Cunnamulla, Apr 1947, Geary (BRI). New South Wales: Mt Poole, near Wilcannia, in 1887, Bauerien (MEL); Wankeroo Hills, 20 miles [32 km] N of Broken Hill, Jun 1928, Morris 2048 (BRI, K).
6. Polycarpaea diversifolia Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:102 (1925). t. 20 f. 8-15 Type: between Ashburton and Yule River, Clement (PR, holo; K, iso).
Annual with a pair of persistent orbicular basal leaves, ca 12 mm and 9 mm wide. Stems pubescent with crisped hairs. Upper leaves linear ca 2 mm long and 1mm wide, Inflorescence rather loose; bracts ca 3:5 mm long. Sepals without midribs, 2-5-3 mm long; corolla 1-2-1:3mm long with obscure folds inside at the base; staminal filaments 0:4 mm long. Capsule depressed globular, 0-4 mm long, O0'6mm in diameter.
55
Range: North-western Australia.
Western Ausiralia: between Ashburton and Yule Rivers, Clement (K, PR). Northern Territory: C.5.LR.0, Research Station, Katherine, Apr 1964, Adams 952 (K}.
J have seen only two collections of P. diversifolia, It appears to differ from P, corymbosa in being an annual and in having obscure folds inside the petals at the base, but the two may prove to be conspecific. 7
7. Polycarpaea involucrata F. Muell., Rep. Babb. Exped. 9 (1858). Type: Sturts Creek and Upper Victoria River, Mar 1856, Mueller (MEL, holo; K, iso?)}.
Similar to a species of Alternanthera in general appearance. Much branched; stems pubescent. Lower leaves rosulate, spathulate; upper — sessile, 5-9 mm long and 2mm wide with crisped hairs on midribs below; stipules ca 3-4 mm long. Flowers <+ sessile in heads subtended by leaves ca 7 mm long; sepais 3-5~4-5 mm long, the outer ones thickened at the base; corolla 1-2 mm long, rather stout; staminal filaments 0:6mm long. Capsule top-shaped with stout capitate stigma.
Range: Known only from type and one other locality in the Northern Territory.
Northern Territory: O.T, Station, 16°37°S 153°03°E, May 1947, Blake 17663 (BRI); Victoria River, May 1968, Byrnes NB 710 (BRI).
8. Polycarpaea holtzei Maiden & Betche in Ewart & Davies, Fl. North. Terr. 109 (1917). Type: Pine Creek, Feb 1914, Allen (K, iso).
P, pumilio Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89:102 (1925). Type: between Ash- burton and Yule River, Clement (PR, holo; K, iso).
Much branched; stems with hairs ca 0-4mm long, Leaves appearing verti- cellate, linear, glabrous, with a fine point ca 1mm long; stipules white laciniate almost as long as the leaves. Flowers in terminal coymbs; bracts ca 3 mm long, fimbriate; pedicels ca 0-8 mm long, sparsely hairy; sepals glabrous, without ribs 1-7—2-8 mm long, fimbriate or deeply and rather irregularly bifid; petals brown, obtuse, 0:4—0-6 mm Jong; anthers Jonger than the filaments. Capsule 0:8 mm long obovoid, 3—valved, 1—seeded.
Range: Along north-western coast of Western Australia through the Kimberley region to the north-western part of the Northern Territory.
Western Australia: Harding River, in 1895, Cusack 101 (MEL); between Gasgoyne & Fortescue Rivers, in 1885, King (MEL); Nickol Bay, in 1876, Crouch (MEL); near “Mt House”, Apr 1955, Lazarides 5160 (Kk, MEL). Northern Territory: Port Darwin, in 1890, Holtze 1011 (MEL): Darwin, Nov 1929, Bleeser 179 (MEL); [18 km] $ of Batchelor, Mar 1961, Chippendale NT 7729 (K); Edith River, Jan 1965, Wilson 246 (i).
The flowers of the type of P. heltzei are smaller than those of the type of P. pumilio, but there is little doubt that the two are conspecific. P. holtzei is unusual in Polycarpaea in having a 1-seeded capsule. It could well constitute a distinct section.
9. Polycarpaea microphylla Pediey, sp. nov.; a speciebus Australiae bene distincta, antem facie et habitu P. hassleranae Chod, ex America australi similis,
Typus: Brass 415 (BRI, holo). Herba ramosissima perennis usque ad 15cm alta caulibus hirsutis foliis in verticillaum
3-foliatum dispositis. Folia acicularia 1:5-2mm longa internodia aequantia; stipulae folia aequantes. Flores singulatim vel in fasciculis paucifloris in extremitatibus ramulorum dispositi;
56
bracteae ovatae inteprae acuminatae vel profunde bifidae fimbriates vel margine minute serrato, 1-2 mm longae; sepals lanceolata vel ovata acuminata 2:5 mm longa interdum subtiliter pubescentia, petala lanceolata obtusa 1-5-2 mm longa; filamenta staminea 0-5-1 mm long, antherae elongatae sagittatae ca 0-5 mm longae; ovarium glabrum sessile 3-valvatum ca Imm longum, stylus tenuis 0-6-1 mm longus. —
Branched perennial herb to 15 cm high with hirsute stems, Leaves acicular 1-5-2 mm long in whorls of three, as long as the internodes; stipules as long as the leaves. Flowers single or in few-flowered fascicles at the end of the branches; bracts ovate entire acuminate or deeply bifid, fimbriate or minutely serrate on the margins, 1-2 mm long; sepals lanceolate or ovate acuminate 2-5 mm long sometimes finely pubescent; petals narrow lanceolate, obtuse, 1-5—2mm_ long; staminal filaments 0-5-1 mm long, anthers elongate, sagittate ca 0-5 mm long; ovary glabrous, sessile, 3—valved, ca 1 mm long, style slender 0-6-1 mm long.
Range: Sporadically distributed from Katherine in the Northern Territory to the extreme north-west of Queensland.
Northern Territory: Katherine Gorge, May 1968, Byrnes NB 679 (DNA); Robinson River, Jul 1925, Brass 415 (BRI). Queensland: Burke District: N of “Riversleigh”, Jun 1963, Gittins 807 (BRI).
Polycarpaea microphylla is remarkably similar in general appearance to P, hasslerana Chod. which is confined to south-western Brazil (Matto Grosso) and Paraguay. It has larger flowers and shorter leayes however. It is possible that both species have evolved from P. corymbosa.
10, Polycarpaea longiflora F. Muell., Rep. Babbage Exped. 8 (1858). Syntypes: two specimens—Victoria River, May 1856, Mueller (MEL; K, iso?).
P. longiflora var. leucantha Benth. Fl. Aust. 1:165 (1863). Type: Victoria River, Mueller CK, holo; MEL, iso).
Reesia erecta Ewart, Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria 26 (n.s.): 9 (1913); Willis, Vict. Nat. 61:175 (1945). Type: near Pine Creek, Aug 1904, Niemann (MEL, holo).
Erect perennial rather woody at the base, stems pubescent. Leaves sub- glabrous to pubescent, shorter than the internodes, Bracts acuminate 6-7 mm long, fimbriate in the lower part. Pedicels 2-5 mm long, pubescent. Sepals oblong acute fimbriate in the lower part, with a definite midrib, (S—)6—8(—9) mm long ca 2mm wide; petals united at base into a tube,
Range: The north-western part of Western Australia and the northern part of the Northern Territory.
Western Australia: Barrow I., Nov 1953, Hill 430 (&); between Ashburton & Yule R., Clentent (K); Nickol Bay, in 1874, Crouch (MEL); Dampier Arch., in 1875, Walcott (MEL); Yule River, in 1878, Forrest (MEL); Roebuck Bay, in 1889, Tepper (MEL); Greville I., Aug 149/1821, Cunninghany CK); Cambridge Gulf, in 1886, Ranford & Nyniasy (MEL). Northern Territory: 40 miles [64 km] W of Wavehill Police Station, Jun 1949, Perry 2272 (BRI, MEL). Port Darwin, in 1879, Forrest (MEL); $7 miles [91 km] SE of Adelaide River, Mar 1963, Lazarides 6842 (K); 9 miles [14 km] S of Batchelor, Mar 1961, Chippendale NT 7745 (K); 66 miles [105 km] NE of “Creswell”, Jul 1948, Perry 1664 (BRI, K); Settlement Creek, Apr 1922, Brass 147 (BRI). Queensland: Burke Districr: near mouth of Settlement Creek, Jun 1948, Perry 1242 (BRI, K).
57
There is an intergrade from plants with white sepals through those tinged with pink to plants with violet sepals. The width of leaves of no taxonomic significance so that recognition of P. lfongiflora var. leucantha is not justified. Willis has discussed the identity of Reesia erecta.
1L. P. spirostylis F. Muell., Rep. Babb. Exped. 8 (1858).
Erect herb up to 4Qcm high branched at the base, glabrous except for a few hairs sometimes in the axils of the leaves and bracts. Leaves linear mucronulate 1-3 cm long. Inflorescence terminal, corymbose, open or compact; bracts narrowly ovate to ovate, sometimes amplexicaule, sometimes ciliolate or laciniate towards the top; pedicels up to 2mm long. Sepals with brownish, reddish or purplish midribs 4-5—13 mm long, narrowly ovate; corolla 3:4-10 mm long, occasionally as long as the sepals, the tube 2-5- 6mm long the lobes sometimes deeply bifid; staminal filaments shorter than to longer than the corolla.
11a. P. spirostylis subsp. spirostylis, Type: Tropical Australia, Mueller (MEL, holo; K, iso)
P, burtonii F, M. Bailey, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qd 1:85 (1884). Syntypes: Walsh Range, between Tate River & Thornborough, Burton 3 (BRI; MEL, iso); Herberton, Stuart (BRI)
P. spirostylis var. burtonii (F, M. Bailey) Domin, Biblioth, Bot, 89:99 (1925). Based on P. burtonii.
P. spirostylis var. rostilans Domin, op. cif. 100 (1925). Type: Locis subrudis in xerodrymio apud opp. Chillagoe, Feb 1910, Demin (PR, holo}.
P, spirostylis var. intercedens Domin, op. cit. 100 (1925). Type: Apud fil. Walsh R., prope opp. Chillagoe, Feb 1910, Domin (PR)
Inflorescence open with pedicels 0-8-2 mm long. Sepals with purplish midribs, 7-13 mm long; petals shortly bifid 7-10mm long united into a tube 4-6 mm long; staminal filaments shorter than the corolla.
Range: South-eastern Cape York Peninsula, headwaters of Gilet Flinders and Burdekin Rivers south to about 20°S,
BuRKE District: “Mt Sturgeon”, N of Hughenen, Feb 1931, Hubbard & Winders 7572 (BRI, K). Coox Disrricr: Gilbert River, Mar 1925, Brass 448 (BRI); Einasleigh River, Armit 1072 (MEL); Mt Molley, Apr 1932, Brass 2450 (BRI); Hodgkinson River, in 1882, Gulliver (MEL); ca 20 miles [32 km] SE of Chillagoe, Jun 1970, Leroy (BRI): Granite Creek, ca 8 miles [13 km] W of Mareeba, Apr 1967, Pedley 2247 CBRI); Stannary Hills, Jan 1962, Gittins 537 (BRI}, Norra KENNEDY Disrricr: Millstream Falls, Ravenshoe, Jun 1913, Bick (BRI); Rockingham Bay, Jun 1866, Dallachy (MEL); 100 miles swamp, Herbert River, Mar 1875, Arnit 123 (MEL). Sours KENNEDY District: Collinsville, 147°S5V’E, 20°34’S, Oct 1969, Zinunerman (BRI).
P. spirostylis subsp. spirostylis sometimes grows on soils containing high concentrations of copper and zinc and has been used as an indicator of copper deposits. It often grows on country without any sign of mineralization.
P. spirostylis var. rosulans and P. spirostylis yar. intercedens were based on rather young plants of P. spirostylis subsp, spirostylis,
58
11b, P. spirostylis subsp. glabra (White & Francis) Pedley, stat. nov. Based on _ P. glabra White & Francis, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qd 37:152 (1926). Type: Mt Isa, Dugald Silver Lode, Apr 1924, Miller (BRI, holo).
P, synandra F. Muell., Rep. Babb. Exped. 8 (1858). Type: not seen— see below.
P. spirostylis yar. intricata Domin, Bibl. Bot. 89:100 (1923). Type: Burketown, Ball (PR, holo).
Inflorescence open with pedicels more than 0-8mm long. Sepals with red-brown midribs 6-7 mm long; corolla (4—)5~—6 mm long united into a tube 2:5-3-2 mm long, the lobes bifid (1 mm or more); staminal filaments longer than the corolla. |
Range: The extreme north-western part of Western Australia, the Northern Territory, western Queensland and northern South Australia.
Western Australia: 17°17’S 123°05’B, in 1879, Carey (MEL); near the Ord River, in 1886, O’Donneli (MEL). Northern Territory: Victoria River, Mueller (MEL); Plum Tree Creek, S. Alligator River, Feb 1969, Byrnes 1371 (BRI, DNA); Settlement Creek, Apr 1922, Brass 148 (BRI); near Central Mt, Stuart, Jun 1924, Ewart (MEL); Ingallana Creek, 21 miles [34km] NW of “Anningie” (ca 21°35’S 133°E), Jul 1958, Chippendale NT 4713 (BRI, MEL). Queensland: Burke District: Lawn Hill, May 1940, Jensen 68 (BRI); Mt Isa, Feb 1931, Winders in Hubbard 7397 (BRI, K); 20 miles [32km] W of Cloncurry, 20° 42'S 140°12’F, Apr 1971, Beaumont 7055 (BRI). Mircuert Disrricr: near the Alice River, Birch (MEL). Grecory Souty Disrricr: Near Eyre Creek, in 1877, Kayser MED, South Australia: Wonamulla [Woolnomulla Bluff, 136°14’S 30°10’E], Mueller (MEL),
P. spirostylis subsp. glabra has smaller flowers than P. spirostylis subsp. spirostylis with deeply bifid lobes and staminal filaments longer than the corolla. There are intermediates where the ranges of the two meet and subspecific rank is appropriate. Bakker (1957) observed under P. spirostylis that Hubbard 7397 “differs in having bifid petals and filaments slightly longer than the petals”.
White and Francis noted in the protologue to P. glabra that it grew on silver-lead lodes. Cole (1965) has demonstrated the plant’s ability to grow in such situations is due to its low uptake of minerals on heavily mineralized soils.
I have taken P. glabra as the basionym because the plant has been generally referred to in geobotanical literature as P. glabra and because there are some difficulties in the typification of the earlier P. synandra. The type of P. synandra has not been located. The type locality was given by Mueller as Wirrawirraloo, which is the name of a creek near Woomera, South Australia. No specimen with this locality was found at either Kew or Melbourne. At MEL there is a sheet (MEL 49121) on which are mounted two whole plants and three fragments. All represent one species. The sheet bears a label C(initialled by Bentham) written by Mueller—-‘‘Polycarpaea synandra ferd. Mueller/Victoria River. ferd Mueller”, The fragments are in two packets attached to the sheet. On one is written “Polycarpaea synandra Victoria River”; on the other “Polycarpaea synandra Wonamulla”. The last locality is, from the coordinates given in the introduction to the Report of Babbage’s Expedition, the same as or close to Woolnomulla Bluff which is about 150 km north-west of the type locality given by Mueller,
In the absence of a specimen from the type locality the fragments in the packet marked Wonamulla are taken as representative of P. synandra. They were collected by Mueller close to the type locality and were seen by Bentham.
39
lic. P. spirostylis subsp. densiflora (Benth.) Pedley, comb. et. stat. nov. Based on P. synandra var. (?)}densiflora, Benth., Fl. Aust. 1:165 (1863).
Lectotype: Cape Flinders, Jul as ‘
P, gamopetala Berhaut, Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Natur. 25 (ser. 2): 212 (1953). Type: Senegal. Ex herb. DC., Herb. Moquin—Tandon (P, holo).
Inflorescence compact with pedicels less than 0:8mm long. Sepals with purplish midribs, 6-7 mm long; corolla 4-5-5:5 mm long united into a tube 3-4 mm long, the lobes entire or slightly bilobed; staminal filaments about as long as the corolla,
Range: Amhem Land (?) and Cape York Peninsula.
Northern Territory, 4 miles [(6km] NE of “Mountain Valley”, Apr 1962, Nelson 188 (BRI, DNA, MEL). Queensland: Coox Disrricr: Mapoon, May 1911, Bick 109 (BRI); Musgrave Tele. Office, Mar 1893, Jacobsen (BRI); Kennedy road, 44 miles [70 km] beyond (N of) Laura, Jul 1965, Gittins 975 (BRI, MEL}
Cunningham (K)
P. spirostylis subsp. densiflora and P. spirostylis subsp. spirostylis differ in the slightly smaller flowers and more compact inflorescences of the latter. The ranges of the two are distinct. I have some doubt about the identity of some specimens from the Northern Territory, but they belong here rather than with other subspecies.
There are two syntypes of P. synandra var. densifiora at Kew and possibly another at Melbourne. One at Kew has been chosen as lectotype: the others from Port Denison and Rockhampton are referred to P. spirestylis subsp. compacta.
Behaut expressed doubt that P. gamopetala was native to Africa. He recog- nised that it belonged to section Planchonia but was unable to place it and therefore described it as new. Berhaut’s doubts were justified. The specimen at Paris should be referred to P. spirostylis var, densiflora.
11d. P. spirostylis subsp. compacta Pedley, subsp. nov. Inflorescentia compacta pedicellis minus quam 0-8mm longis instructa. Sepals 4-5-5 mm longa costis porphyreis ornata; corolla 3-5-4mm longa lobis non profunde incisuratis instructa, in tubum conjunctis; filamenta staminea corolla breviora, Typus: Speck 4720 (BRI, holo; K, MEL, iso).
Inflorescence compact with pedicels less than 0-8 mm long. Sepals 4-5—5 mm long usually with reddish-brown midribs; corolla 3-5—4 mm long with lobes not deeply notched united in a tube ca 2:5 mm long; staminal filaments shorter than the corolla.
Range: South-eastern Gulf of Carpentaria to central Queensland.
Burke District: 16 miles [26 km] W of Croydon, Tul 1960, Trapneli 206 (BRI), Coox District: Cumberland, Gilbert River [18°15’S 143°30’F], May 1937, Brass 8830 (BRI). NORTH KENNEDY District: Port Denison, Fitzalan CK, MEL, syntype of P. synandra var. densiflora). MrrcHett Disrricr: near the Alice River, in 1884, Birch (MEL). Soutu KENNEDY DISTRICT: “Cerito” [21°13’S 147°45’E], May 1964, Adams 970 (BRI, CANB). Porr Curtis Disrricr: Rockhampton, [? Thezet] (MEL), Leicunarpr Disrreicr: Lake Elphinstone, Dietrich (MEL)
P. spirostylis subsp. compacta resembles P. spirostylis subsp. densiflora (and P. breviflora var, gracilis) in having compact heads but differs from the other subspecies in having smaller flowers.
60
12. P. breviflora F. Muell., Rep. Babb. Exped. 9 (1858),
Perennial herb glabrous except for a few long hairs in axils of leaves and bracts. Bracts acute or acuminate sometimes laciniate in lower half, 2-3 mm long. Sepals white with prominent midrib, (2-5-)3-4mm long, white with white or purplish midribs; corolla (1:2-)1:5-2:6mm long with a_ tube 0-5--1:0mm long and bifed lobes. Stamens almost as long as the corolla.
i2a. P. breviflora var. brevifiora, Type: Gulf of Carpentaria, Mueller (MEL, holo; K, iso).
P, corymbosa var. breviflora CF. Muell.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot, 89:10 (1925), based on P, breviftora.
P. brevianthera Ewart & Davies, Fl. North. Terr. 109 (1917). Type: Roper River, in 1911, Baldwin Spencer (MEL, holo).
P, triloba Ewart & Cookson in Ewart & Davies, op. cit. 109 (1917). Type: Georgina River, 1888, Henry (MEL, holo).
P, parviflora, Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 89: 100 (1925). Type: Locis subnudis in xerodrymio apud opp. Cloncurry, Feb 1910, Domin (PR, holo).
Inflorescence spreading; sepals white, ovate.
Range: North-eastern part of Arnhem Land, north-western to central inland Queensland.
Norihern Territory: Katherine Gorge, Mar 1971, Dunlop & Byrnes 2162 (DNA); 7 miles [11 km] NW of “Alexandria”, Mar 1956, Chippendale NT 1945 (BRI, MEL): Manners Creek”, May 1955, Chippendale NT 1141 (BRI, MEL); 25 miles [40 km] NE of “Tarlton Downs”, May 1955, Lazarides 5239 (BRI, MEL). Queensland: Burke Disrricr: 14 miles [22km] N of Turn-off Lagoon, Jun 1966, Ped/ey 2076 (BRI); Doomadgee Mission, Whitehouse (BRE); Mt Isa, Feb 1931, Winders in Hubbard 7417 (BRI, K); Cloncurry, in 1883, Palmer 77 (MEL). GREGory Nortru District: “Oban”, ca 62 miles [100 km] SE of Mt Isa, Dec 1947, Everist 3349 (BRY); Diamantina Lakes, Oct 1941, Walker (BRI). MITCHELL Disrrict: Prairie, Feb 1931, Hubbard 7074 (BRI, K); near Blackall, Feb 1938, Everist 1588 (BRI).
12b. P. breviflora var. gracilis (Benth.) Pedley, comb, nov. Based on P. synandra var. gracilis Benth., Fl. Aust. 1:165 (1863) Lectotype: Port
Essington, Apr oe , Cunningham (K; MEL, iso). Inflorescence rather compact; sepals narrowly ovate, white with distinct purplish midrib.
Range: Coastal parts of Arnhem Land.
Northern Territory: Arnhem’s Land, &rown (MEL); Croker L, Mar 1883, Foelsche 69 (MEL); Melville Bay, 12°11S 136°35°R, Aug 1948, Speehy 917 (BRI, MEL): Port Bradshaw, 12°27’S 136°42’B, Jul 1948, Specht 729 (BRI, MEL); South Bay, Bickerton I, 13°45'S 136° O6’E, Jun 1948, Specht 581 (BRI, MEL).
In general appearance P. breviflora var. gracilis resembles P. spirostylis subsp. densiflora but its flowers are distinctly smaller. Its narrower sepals with prominent purplish midribs and more compact inflorescences distinguish it from P. breviflora var. brevifiora.
61
P. breviflora is distinguished from other species of section Planchonia in having small flowers, It rescinbles P. corymbosa and its allies (section Polycarpaea) but the corolla is united into a short but definite tube. Flowers of P. breviflora sometimes have only rudimentary anthers and are functionally female. The flowers may also be heterostylous. As can be seen from the figures with the original descriptions, one of the differences between P. brevianthera and P, triloba is the somewhat smaller anthers of P. triloba, This difference is of no taxonomic significance.
The type specimen of P, breviflora is extremely poor and it is not surprising that the name has been misapplied. In the protologue Mueller noted that “A plant closely allied to this species and possibly only a variety of it occurs on Moreton [sland”. Bentham (1863) referred Mueller’s specimen (“Islands of Moreton Bay”) to P. breviflora without comment, and, because of the scrappiness of the type material, since then the name P. breviflora has been incorrectly applied to the taxon represented by this specimen. Domin in making the combination P, corymbosa var. breviflora recognised the position of Mueller’s Moreton Bay specimen, but his combination must apply to P. breviflora sens. strict. not to the Moreton Bay plant which is referred to P. corymbosa var. minor.
Because the name P, breviflora has been misapplied for a long time, certainly for the last fifty years, some authors (for example, Burtt 1973) would reject it under Article 69 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature as being a long persistent source of error. If this were done either the name P, brevianthera or P. triloba would have to be applied to the species. The taxonomy and nomenclature of almost all Australian species of Polycarpaea have been in confused state for so long however, that the misapplication of one name is of little significance among a large number of misidentifications. I have therefore retained the name P. breviflora for the species to which it was applied by Mueller.
Excluded species P, spicata Arn.
There is one specimen at Kew labelled “N.W. Coast, Bynoe”. I have seen no other material from Australia and until further specimens are collected I regard the record as a doubtful one. The species occurs in N.E. Africa and India but is absent from Malesia.
References
BaKKER, K. (1957), Revision of the genus Polycarpaea in Malaysia. Act. Ber, Neerland, 6:48-53.,
BENTHAM, G. (1863). Polycarpaea in Flora Australiensis 1:163-167.
Burt, B, L. (1973). Polygala arvensis, chinensis and glomerata. Nofes Rey. Bot, Gard. Edinburgh 32:403-404,
CoLe, Monica M. (1965). The use of vegetation in mineral exploration in Australia. Eighth Commonwealth Min. Metall, Cong. Proc. 6. Paper 13:1429-1458.
LAKELA, OLGA (1963). Annotation of North American Polycarpaea, Rhodora 65:35-44. Roursacw, P. (1872). Polycarpaea in Flora Brasiliensis 14(2):254-25S.
Wuire, C. T. & W. D, Francis (1926), Contribution to the Queensland Fiora, No. 3. Proc. Roy. Sac, Od 37:152-166,
Austrobaileya 1 (1): 63-74 (1977)
NOTES ON QUEENSLAND ORCHIDACEAE, I.
By P. S. Lavarack, National Parks and Wildlife Service of Queensland, Brisbane.
Summary
Two new species of Orchidaceae from Cape York Peninsula are described, These are: Dendrobium tozerensis P. Lavarack sp, noy. and Oberonia carnosa P. Lavarack sp. nov. The following five orchids previously unrecorded in Australia are here recorded for the first time: Bulbophyllum masdevailiaceum Kranzlin, B. leratii (Schlechter) J. J. Smith, Taeniophyllum malianum Schlechter, Eulophia pulchra (Thouars) Lindl, and Schaoenorchis sarcophyla Schlechter, while Didymtoplexus pallens Griff, ig recorded in north Queensland for the first time,
In the course of field work carried out on Cape York Peninsula during 1973-76 several interesting species of Orchidaceae were discovered. One is previously unrecorded in Queensland and five previously unrecorded in Australia, while two are here described as new species.
Didymoplexus pallens Griff., Calc. J. Nat. Hist. 4:383, t. 17 (1884); J. J. Sm., Orchid Java Fig. Atlas 1 f. 51 (1908); Dockr., Aust. Indig. Orchids 1:218 (1969).
Cook District: Tully-Mission Beach Road, about 15km from Tully, Jan 1975, Lavarack N, P. 2600.
This small saprophytic orchid has not previously been recorded from Queensland, although it has been collected in the Northern Territory and other locations from Indonesia to India. For some time a species of Didymoplexus has been known to occur in the coastal lowlands of the Cardwell area in Northern Queensland, but its identity remained unknown. This species showed little agreement with the figure in J. J. Smith’s Figure Atlas of “Die Orchideen von Java” (copied by Dockrill in his “Australian Indigenous Orchids”). Recently some fluid-preserved material of the North Queensland species was sent to Mr. D. Blaxell (then Australian Botanical Liaison Officer at Kew) and he reported that the figures quoted above are misleading and that these specimens are a good match with the type drawing.
D. pallens is a small, delicate saprophyte which apparently flowers after the first soaking summer rains in December or January. It is a plant of the coastal Melaleuca-dominated forests and commonly occurs on small tussocks in areas which are otherwise swampy after heavy rain. It has been collected twice by the author in the area between Ingham and Tully in North Queensland, but possibly is a quite widespread plant in the humid tropics as it is very easily overlooked.
Each plant produces several flowers only one of which is open at any given time. The flowers are glistening white with a yellow-orange group of calli on the mid-line of the labeilum. (See Figure 2a.)
64
Bulbophyilum masdevalliaceum Kranzlin, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34:251 (1904).
Coox Districr: Cape York Peninsula, 4 km west of Hunter Point, 11°30'S; 142°47’E, Aug 1973, Lavarack N.P. 2509 (BRI 193838).
A locally abundant epiphyte in simple notophyll vine forest where it commonly occurs on trees with a fibrous or papery bark—notably Acmena hemilampra (F. Muell. ex F. M. Bailey) Merr. & Perry.
Plant consisting of a creeping rhizome with pseudobulbs about 2-3 cm apart. Pseudobulbs 2-4cem long and 0:5—i cm in diameter, tapered towards the apex and strongly grooved, Leaves lanceolate 6-12 x 2cm with a petiole about 2~3cm long. Inflorescence erect 10-16cm, single flowered. Lateral sepals connate at the base, 5cm long and 1cm at the widest, produced into filiform “tails” 3cm long; red-purple with a cream-yellow margin. Dorsal sepal 3 x Scm shortly caudate, the margins densely ciliate. Petals 5 mm, faleate, apiculate. Labellum delicately hinged with a smaller basal portion about 2-3 % 2mm consisting of 2 short lateral lobes, purple in colour with a yellow throat; midlobe filiform 5-6mm, yellow with a purple tip. Column erect 2-3mm long and about 2mm in diameter with 2 slender pointed stelidia projecting above the anther.
This species belongs to the section Sestochilus. It is easily separated from the other Australian member of this section (8. baileyi) by the elongate lateral sepals and very small petals. It has been recorded from New Guinea, but not previously from Australia as the area in which it occurs has only recently become accessible.
B. masdevalliaceum Kranzlin is very similar to B. blumei CLindl.) J. J. Smith var. longicaudatum J. J. Smith and Smith is of the opinion that “B. masdevalliaceum Kranzlin appears to me to be a large flowered form of the very variable B, blume?” (Smith 1911). However Schlechter disagrees with this stating “This plant (1.e. B. masdevalliaceum) is definitely distinct and not, as J. J, Smith suggests, a large variety of B. blumei (Lindl].) J. J. Smith.” (Schlechter 1928).
The Jardine River plants appear to agree well with the descriptions of both taxa. Mr. Don Blaxell of Sydney, while acting as Australian Botanical Liaison Officer at Kew compared a specimen of this plant with specimens of B. masdevalliaceum from New Guinea and the Solomon Islands and found them to be identical. For this reason and because of Schlechter’s opinion quoted above, I have elected to place the Jardine River species in Kranzlin’s B. masdevalliaceum.
Flowering time is uncertain, plants were collected in flower in August. (See figure 2b.)
Bulbophyllum leratii (Schlechter) J. J. Smith, Bull, Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg Ser. 28:25 (1912). Cirrhopetalum fleratii Schlechter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9:216 (1911). Coox Districr: Cape York Peninsula, Tozer Ramge, 12°45’S; 143°43°R; Sep 1975, Lavarack ™.P. 3502 CBRI 201382).
A rather rare epiphyte growing in dense rainforest at an altitude of about 400 m.
Figure 2a, Didymoplexus pallens Griff. A. Plant, B. | Figura aPs Bulbophyllum masdeyaillaceum Kranzlin.
Flower from the frent, tabellum removed. Portion of plant. |. Petal. J. Golumn Fiower from the side, petals and from the front. K. Flower from the side, sepals removed. O. Lateral sepals. E, petals and sepals removed. L. Labelluns
F, G, Labella from 3 plants, flatlened out, from above.
66
Plant consisting of a creeping rhizome with pseudobulbs 5-10 mm apart, 12-18 mm long and 10~15 mm in diameter, with 4 or 5 prominent angles. Leaves erect, oblong, shortly petiolate, 6-8 x 2-3:5cm, rather thick, Inflores- cence 15-25 cm long, umbellate with 6-10 flowers arranged in a circle. Lateral sepals purple-red, connate for the basal 5 mm, 16-22 mm long and 1-5 mm wide at the dilated base, the apices drawn out into long filiform tails. Dorsal sepal purple-red, consisting of an ovate cuculate basal part 2-5 x 2mm fringed with moderately long cilia, and an apical filiform appendage 2mm long. Petals purple-red, 6 & 1mm at the broadest, with a filiform apical appendage, and with moderately long cilia on the basal half. Labellum white-cream, articulate on the column foot, recurved, fleshy, about 2mm in length. Column 2 mm in length, with a prominent foot 2mm long, stelidia present only as two short teeth near the apex.
The author is indebted to Dr. Gunnar Seidenfaden of Copenhagen, Denmark for assistance in the identification of this species. Dr. Seidenfaden, the author of a recent work on the Cirrhopetalum section of the genus Bulbophyllum (Seiden- faden 1973) writes in a letter to the author: “I have been somewhat doubtful about this taxon (i.e. B, leratii) of which I did not succeed in getting the type specimen or other material. I felt that he (i.e. Schlechter) might just have a small specimen of B. gracillimum at hand. But clearly the flowers you sent me have lateral sepals that are only half as long as what is usual for B. gracillimum and it also seems from the picture that the leaves are relatively broader. So if these seem to be constant in the plants you now have living, I believe it would be reasonable to give Schlechter’s plant specific status.” Previously recorded from New Caledonia, this species appears to be limited in Australia to the Tozer and Janet Ranges, where it is by no means common. Vegetatively it is very similar to the other Australian member of the section Cirrhopetalum—-Bulbophyllum longi- florum Thouars (B. clavigerum (R. D. Fitzg.) F. Muell.)) but may be dis- tinguished when in flower by the much more slender lateral sepals.
Most plants seen were growing low down on the trunks of rainforest trees in deep shade, but a few plants, including one in full flower, were seen on a windswept ridge growing on rather stunted trees. It appears to flower quite freely, each pseudobulb producing several inflorescences.
Flowering time is uncertain. Plants were collected in flower in September and have flowered in cultivation in February. (See Figure 3a.)
Taeniophyllum malianum Schlechter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1:1022 (1914) and fig., op. cit. t. 363 No. 1404 (1928).
Coox Distrricr: Cape York Peninsula, McIlwraith Range, 13°52’S; 143°25’E; Sep 1975, Lavarack N.P. 3501 CBRI 201383).
A locally abundant epiphyte in rather open rainforest from about sea level to about 500 m altitude.
Plant consisting of a short stem (10-20 mm), with the leaves reduced to small bracts which in time split to leave a covering of short stiff hairs; roots green, about {+5 mm thick, somewhat flattened about 20cm long. Inflorescence 2-4 cm; peduncle long, glabrous; rachis short, glabrous with very small, deltoid, densely packed bracts. Up to 15 flowers opening singly, each borne on a very short pedicel. Sepals and petals similar, yellow, oblong, obtuse about 4:5 « 1mm, the sepals slightly longer and broader than the petals. Labellum ovate, obtuse, indistinctly 3-lobed, 4 * 3mm, yellow; spur 4-5 > 1-5 mm diameter at the widest, somewhat dilated at the distal end, almost in line with the midlobe.
67
Figure
3a. Bulbophyllum feratii (Schlechter.) J. J. Smith. A. Portion of plant. B. Flower from the side, petals and sepals removed. C. Flower from the front (note: only half of fateral sepals shown).
2cm
Figure 3b. Taeniophyllum matianum’
Schlechter, D. Plant. £, inflorescence. F. Flower from the front. G. Flower from the side, petals and sepals removed, H. Pollinarium.
68
Column about 1mm long with short acute stelidia. Anther with a prominent straplike rostrum about 0-8 mm long and sharply curved up. Pollinia 4, stripe about 1mm, with a relatively large (about 1 mm) retinaculum.
This epiphyte of the low to moderate elevations of the Mcllwraith Range usually grows low down on the tree trunks or on smaller branches, often forming a dense tangle of unattached or partly attached green roots. The flowers are yellow and no more than one per inflorescence opens at a given time. A large plant will produce 5 or 6 inflorescences.
T. malianum is quite similar to T. flavum Dockr. but may be distinguished by its generally much larger flowers and short, glabrous rachis.
Flowering appears to be spasmodic throughout the year with a possible emphasis on summer. (See Figure 3b.)
Eulophia pulchra (Thouars) Lindl., Genera & Species Orchid. Plants: 182 833).
Limodorum pulchrum Thouars, Orch. Des Austr. Afr. tt. 43, 44 (1822). Eulophia macrostachys Lindl. loc. cit. 183 (1833).
Eulophidium pulchrum (Thouars) Summerhayes, Bull. Bt. Jard, Bruxelles 27:400 (1957).
Coox District: Cape York Peninsula, Nesbit River Area, 13°27'S; 143°28’E; Sep 1974, Lavarack 1077 (BRI 220604).
An uncommon terrestrial orchid occurring on hillsides in the dense shade of closed forests at low altitudes.
Pseudobulbs to about 15 cm long and 2 cm diameter tapering upwards, Leaves 2, lanceolate; lamina to 30cm long and 10cm broad, with 3 prominent veins; petiole to 10 cm long. Inflorescence arising from near the base of the pseudobulb up to 80cm tall, of which the rachis makes up about half. Flowers numerous (at least 15 in the specimens examined) not opening widely, predom- inanily green with a few small areas of brown markings. Dorsal and lateral sepals similar, lanceolate 10-12 + 2-5-3 mm. Petals ovate 10-12 * 5mm, Labellum, in the Australian specimens examined, similar to the petals, but slightly broader with a very shallow saccate base. (In overseas specimens the labellum is described as having a short spherical spur, a 3-lobed blade with the side lobes erect; midlobe much broader than long, broadly cleft, a divided callus at its base) Column 5 mm long * 2mm with no apparent column foot.
The plants from which this description was compiled were collected on the western slopes of the Macrossan Range in 1974 and subsequently flowered in cultivation, Two inflorescences have been examined and both had flowers anomalous in that the labellum was undivided and, in most regards, represented a third petal while there was no indication of the production of pollinia. I am indebted to Mr. Peter Taylor of Kew who confirmed my suspicions about the identity of this species saying: “I have examined your material and compared it with material of Eulophia pulchra (Thou.) Lindl. (£. macrostachya), and in my opinion they belong to that species but are abnormal in having a slightly malformed column and third petal in licu of a lip.” (P. Taylor in litt.)
Whether all Australian plants of this species have these abnormalities remains to be proven. It was apparent that the Howers on the two inflorescences examined were seli-pollinating.
E, pulchra is a widespread species having been previously recorded from Madagascar, Ceylon, India, Malaya, Philippines, New Guinea, New Caledonia and Fiji. Flowering appears to be confined to the winter months, about May to July. (See Figure 4a.)
Figure 4a, Eulophia puichra (Thouars)
Lindl A. Plant. B. Labeljum. C. Petal. BD. Sepal. E. Column from the side. F. Column from ihe front.
b. Schoenorchis sarcophylia Schlechter. G. Plant. H, Labellum from above. I. Labellum and column from the side. J. Column from the front. K. Poilinia, L. Petal. M. Lateral sepal. N. Dorsal sepal.
70
Schoenorchis sarcophyila Schlechter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1:1022 | (1914) and fig., op, cit. t. 347, No. 1340 (1928).
Cook Disrricr: Cape York Peninsula, Leo Creek, 13°45’S; 143°23"R; Aug 1948, Brass 18848 (BRI 080716).
A rare epiphytic orchid at least in the Australian part of its range. Collected only from the outermost branchlets of Tristania exiliflora F. Muell. overhanging the fast-flowing Leo Creek at an altitude of 400m.
Stems 1-5 cm long about 0-25 cm wide, branched in the larger specimens. Leaves linear, fleshy, channelled above, clasping the stem, up to 30mm long and 4mm wide. Inflorescence a sparsely branched panicle up to 5 cm long, with numerous very small flowers. Flowers white about 3mm long. Dorsal sepal elliptical, obtuse, about 1-5 mm long and 1 mm wide; lateral sepals ovate about the same size as the dorsal sepal; petals smaller, oblong about | mm long and 0:75 mm wide. Labellum oblong 3mm long, about 1mm wide, with a well- developed spur about 0-8 mm long which is in line with the midlobe of the labellum. Lateral lobes small and not well defined, midlobe about 1 mm long. Column short and broad 0-8 mm long and 0:5 mm wide with a pair of minute sharply pointed stelidia immediately below the anther. Pollinia 4, ellipsoid, attached by a short stipe to the retinaculum.
This small epiphyte has previously been recorded from New Guinea, Its range in Australia appears to be restricted, as it has only been seen in the vicinity of Leo Creek in the Mcllwraith Range. S. sarcophylla may be readily distinguished from the other Australian member of the genus (S$. densiflora Schlechter) by the position of the spur, which in S. sarcephylla forms a straight line or a very small angle with the midlobe of the labellum. In S. densiflora this angle is approximately 90°.
Flowering time is uncertain but plants have been collected in flower in August. (See Figure 4b.)
Dendrobium tozerensis P, Lavarack, species nova.
Epiphyticum, D, baileyi F. Muell. simile. Caules 20-60 %« 0-1-0-2¢cm internodiis circa 0:6-1°2 cm longis, Folia multa lineari-lanceolata, 3~8 »« 0-4-0-8cm apice inaequaliter biloba, retusa. Flores albi binatim. Sepala dorsalia et petala anguste triangularia, circa 15 “ 2mm, ad apicem acutum angustata. Sepala lateralia similaria praeter bases latiores. Labellum 8-10 *« 4 mm lobis lateralibus deltoideis 3 * 1 mm, midlobo anguste triangulari 5 x 1:2mm margine crenulato praedito et pilis sparsim obtecto, disco crista longitudinali unica praedito, Columna circa 4 < 1-5 mm pede circa 4mm longo instructa, Typus: Coox District: Tozer’s Gap, Cape York Peninsula 12°43’8; 143°12’E, Aug 1975, Lavarack 990 (BRI 220603, holotypus).
Plants epiphytic, growing into large clumps. Stems 20-60 *« 0:1-0:2 cm, leafy in the upper half, the lower half covered with the remains of the sheathing bases of the leaves; internodes about 0:6-1:2 cm long; leaves numerous, linear- lanceolate, tapering gradually towards the apex, 3-8 «x 0-4-0-8¢cm, apex unequally bilobed, base sheathing. Flowers white in all parts, borne in pairs on a short peduncle of about 0:5 cm and a pedicel of about 0-5 cm, from one to 3 pairs of flowers opening at any one time on any stem. Dorsal sepal, lateral sepals and petals all similar, narrowly triangular, tapering to an acute tip, about 15 2mm, the lateral sepals slightly broader at the base. Labellum 8-10 x 4 mim; lateral lobes broadly triangular but with a rounded apex 3 & 1 mm; midlobe narrowly triangular 5 « 1:2mm with a crenulate margin and sparsely covered
+ BO v. A. Plan Labellum fro the fro te. Oe Golan n fro mane
72
in short hairs; disc with a single longitudinal crest. Column short, about 5 & 2:5 mm; with a column-foot about 4mm long; stigma scutiform, Another about 1 <x Imm, about 0-5 mm high, rostrum not developed.
In all the specimens examined (about 15 plants collected from localities as much as 5 or 6km apart) three anthers were present, the two lateral anthers being in all regards similar to the median anther.
Vegetatively this plant closely resembles D. baileyi F. Muell. but may be separated from this when not in flower by the leaf tips which, in D. tozerensis are markedly unequally bilobed, while in D. baileyi they are only minutely so. Florally there are major differences in the shape of the floral segments. Flower colour is quite different being pure white for the former and yellow spotted with red or purple in the latter.
D, tozerensis has so far been collected only in the vicinity of Tozer’s Gap where it is relatively common on the scattered trees growing on open rocky areas which occur in the midst of the rainforest. It occasionally grows on rocks, The flowering time appears to be during the summer in cultivation, but plants were collected in flower in September and it is possible it flowers spasmodically throughout the year. The flowers last for one day only before withering. (See Figure 5.)
Oberonia carnosa P, Lavarack, species nova.
Folia 4-6, 0:5-2-5 *« 0-3-0-8cm, carnosa triangularia ab base ad apicem acutum obtusumve angustata, Inflorescentia 30-60mm longa aurantiaca. Flores multi minuti aurantiaci circa 1mm longi. Sepala 0-6 «x O+-5 mm reflexa. Petala ovata margine crenulati-erosa, 0:8 *« 0:6mm. Labellum 1 « 0-7 mm, 3-lobatum, lobis lateralibus trapeziformibus 0:2 x O-2mm, midlobo 0:8 x 0-5 mm, margine laevi usque emarginato instructo, Celumna 0-4 x O:-3mm late alata. Anthera 0-2 « 0O-2mm rostra brevi sed prominenti praedita. Typus: Coox Disrricr: Tozer’s Gap, Cape York Peninsula 12° 43'S. 143°12’E, Aug 1975, Lavarack 991 (BRI 220602, holotypus).
Plant epiphytic growing into small clumps. Leaves 4—6, 0-5-2-5 x 0-3-0:8 cm, ovate to deltoid usually tapering from the broad base to an acute or obtuse apex, fleshy and light green in colour. Inflorescence orange, 30—60 mm; the peduncle much shorter than the rachis with minute bracts arranged in whorls. Flowers numerous, minute about 1mm long, also in irregular whorls; floral bracts about 0-8mm long, ovary and pedicel about the same length. Sepals 0-6 & 0-5 mm, ovate, reflexed. Petals 0-8 * 0-6mm, ovate, margins crenulate-erose, Labellum 1 x 0-7 mm, 3-lobed; lateral lobes 0-2 «% 0-2 mm, trapeziform; midlobe 0-8 « 0:5, oblong; margin smooth to minutely crenulate, base saccate, apex obtuse or occasionally emarginate. Column 0:4 * 0:3 mm broadly winged below the anther, Anther 0-2 «K 0-2mm with a short but prominent rostrum. Pollinia 4, in 2 pairs, each pair elliptical.
This plant has been collected only from the rocky areas at Tozer’s Gap which were previously described. It is strictly epiphytic often growing adjacent to Dendrobium tozerensis.
While it is generally similar to one or two New Guinea species, O. carnosa appears to be most closely related to O. brachystachya Lindl. from South East Asia. .
Flowering time appears tobe from.about February to June. (See Figure 6.)
73
Figure 6 Oberonia carnosa P. Layarack, sp. nov. A. Plant. B. Portion of inflorescence. CG. Flower from the front. D. Labellum and column from the front. E. Column from the stde. F. Anther from above. G. Petal. H. Poilinia.
74
Acknowledgements
The author is indebted to the following people for help with certain of the identifications: Mr, D. F. Blaxell of Sydney, Dr. G. Seidenfaden of Copenhagen, Dr. L, A. Garay of Harvard University and Mr. P. Taylor of Kew. Mr. L. Pedley of the Queensland Herbarium prepared the Latin diagnoses for Dendrobium tozerensis and Oberonia carnosa. I also wish to express my appreciation to Mr. B. Gray and the Rev. R. Collins, both of Atherton who ably assisted me in the field and, in some cases, made the initial discoveries. The field work during which these collections were made was financed by the Queensland Government Department of Forestry, the National Parks and Wildlife Service of Queensland and the Australian Orchid Foundation.
References
SCHLECHTER, R. (1912). Die Orchidaceen von Deutsch-Neu-Guinea, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regeni Veg. Beth. 1:777.
SEIDENFADEN, G. (1973). Notes on Cirrhopetaluim Lindl. Dansk Bot, Ark. 29 (1). Smity, J. J. (1911), Orchidaceae. Nova Guinea 8 (1):583.
5S. R, Hampson, Government Printer, Brisbane
retirement
PENINSULA
oc 9 0 K
YORK
145
5 | & i Ld 3
9
Fy
: ‘ % i ! ‘ | ? t i f 1 : i] ‘ i ‘ | |
corms
rai
; i 1 ’ Hi CHHLAGOR@ mts" | at TAPERS showing PASTORAL DISTRICTS | 1 } 4 ; ' Meee F Ip 2 t % ¢ a xe | ( % Pu “sy 4 i ui nt t tom #50 no Ba] ! i a q KILOMET ASS et ™ ' “hee, io} 4 t “thee | , ‘ i e UV RK - a “NORTH ™ i : ie mad yw +, a teen KENNEDY an yO cauoow ras cf Loe Fil i 4 * \ wate, Ot ei Sa i ! @CLONcUANY ‘ 4 eset . ‘~, - HUGHENDEN® £ Bonet, lope tal Ne as fee nt re Po oiled t* re 5 Cd ’ ! Ld “ Prd 7+ = \ ne piety en ai ra ene : | Ts r? Trae 7 f Am & mo H i 2} ar { be, Dy = ; } 4 t ef RY WINTONG : i o > ; Imi GRE GO ~ wn P ae | aan Pied hel » iy ot : 2 Rovuia® ‘4 5 w i a % ‘ ia ‘ Pte i | D4 NORTH 4 i, f ogeeraip ' A pocnuanrton, H : ia X, LONOREACH @ Hea ? rj .F { : mit : t a) i | zi i MITCHELL » 3? eft tary, ‘, i | i! ee tN erasure r’, ; 4 al i ‘ a ad } t o} t KACKALL® ry i od mt t “ 4 r ; F of F Pe atte Le, ‘| 4 wie * + i a5 be ee ee ee Sree { aay { x ~—e i e. hd * : : i ok EGORYy WINDORAH to ; 0 7? H rHRCONy t wad SviELe NY o t % ny a . We eer et tae ledialiel & { % basil ! j bee tad i H i ra % « ‘J “Pratl i iL CHARLEVILLE v i i *y 6 ay ha 2 ' H i wt eee FPR, ‘ H BO FS < i MARANOY ( DARLING ff UT H i a ¢ : i BRIGUANE t Pl f : & i L * oO t se e > a S] geondeg H DOWNS \ q 1, o é z ul e H AUSTRALIA 1 a i li 1, 2 ASRONA INST en met | \ f x a eee hy, 4 | bus ec tow earths vet Dac iggs 0 Sg ee Revie tae tte EMR EF OE Ph mF a Dak OT hak BN see kG se tee ff “ Foeaad | i ad i ‘ 1 oN € W $s ouUT H WA LE s bettie eo!) 2 oe Faint mi)
in the citation of specimens from Queensland, the localities are grouped according to the Pastoral Districts shown above, The boundaries of these Districts mostly follow watersheds
except for those between North Kennedy District and South Kennedy District and between Gregory North District and Gregory South District,
Compiled from maps issued by the Survey Office, Department of Lands, Brisbane;
based on State Map 4a.
CONTENTS
Four new species of Eucalyptus. S. T. Blake Miscellaneous notes on Australian Pteridophytes, |. S.B. Andrews .. Notes on So/anum (Solanaceae) in Australia. R. J. F. Henderson
The deletion of Pentapanax Seem. from the flora of Australia.
W. R. Philipson Notes on Leguminosae, |. L. Pedley
_ Allosyncarpia ternata, a new genus and species of Myrtaceae sub- family Leptospermoideae from northern Australia. S. T. Blake
The genus Verticordia in northern Australia. N. B. Byrnes .. Polycarpaea (Caryophyllaceae) in Australia. L. Pediey
Notes on Queensland Orchidaceae, |. P. J. Lavarack
Page
13
23
25
43
47
49
63