Sra
ne) -

aS

oy

A
"

ae

wipe

from the ‘ TRANSACTIONS OF THE ZoooarcaL Socrmry or Lo
a Part iv., March, 1910.j

a2 ‘i
na% O54

RA ) .
| G () [ Extracted from the ‘ TRANSACTIONS oF THE Zooroetcan Socrery or Lonpon,’ Vol. xix., Part iy. March, 1910.]

v5
RUWENRZORT EX PE DITION REPORTS.

16. AVES.
By W. R. Ocitvie-Grant, 7. Z.S. M.B.O.U., &e.

APPENDIX.—On some Points in the Anatomy of Bradypterus cinnamomeus.
by NW. P. Pyerart, .ZS., M.B.0.U., &e:

Received and read November 17, 1908.
[Puares X.—XIX.* and Text-figures 13-16. ]

INTRODUCTION.

Or the collections formed by the Members of the Ruwenzori Expedition probably
none is so complete as that of the Birds. ‘his is partly due to the fact that as four of
the collectors were specially interested in Ornithology, every effort was made to obtain
examples of all the species to be met with on the range. It is thus pretty certain that
of the different kinds of birds to be found on Ruwenzori very few are not represented
in the present collection.

The only known exceptions are a small Swift, seen at about 10,000 ft. ; an Owl;
possibly a Pigeon, which is described as a “ Black Dove,” and may have been the
young of /aplopelia gacksoni; and a large species of Francolin. ‘The latter frequented
the thickest parts of the forest and, though its cry might constantly be heard,
its skulking habits baffled all the efforts made to procure specimens. Mr. Carruthers
actually succeeded in shooting one, but the bird being only winged instantly disappeared
among the dense jungle.

In addition to these there are also two species, Cryptospiza shelleyi (of which only
the type-specimen is known) and Nectarinia melanogastra, which were not met
with by the present Expedition, but which were procured by Mr. Geoffrey Archer
on Ruwenzori, though the exact locality was not recorded. Kuprinoides nigrescens,
which was also said to have been procured on Ruwenzori by the same collector
(cf. Jackson, ‘ Ibis,’ 1906, p. 547), was no doubt obtained in Ankoli, as is shown by
the date, April the 8th, 1902 (see Archer, Itinerary, p. 506).

It is, of course, more than likely that, in addition to those mentioned, other species
may have been overlooked and that locally distributed forms may occur in valleys which
were not visited by the Expedition. As an instance of this 1 may mention that of a
very handsome Sun-bird (Nectarinia purpureiventris) only one example was procured
by Mr. Gerald Legge during the four months spent in the Mubuku Valley; while

* For explanation of the Plates, see pp. 462-480.
VOL. xIx.—part iv. No. 34.—Warch, 1910. 2M

254 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

Mr. Geoffrey Archer, who remained only a few days in the same locality, procured a
series of examples in all stages of plumage.

Two species peculiar to Ruwenzori, Cinnyris stuhlmanni and Parus fasciiventris,
were procured by Dr. Stuhlmann in 1893, probably high up in the Butagu Valley, on
the west side of Ruwenzori.

The splendid Touraco, Gallirex johnstoni, was discovered on Ruwenzori by Sir H.
H. Johnston in 1901 at an elevation of about 7000 ft.

In addition to these, as already stated in my Preface, before the present Expedition
had reached Ruwenzori, 14 species peculiar to the range had been procured by
Mr. Geoffrey Archer, who spent twenty days on its north-eastern slopes in 1902.

Besides the species peculiar to the Ruwenzori range, many which were obtained on
the lower slopes and in the surrounding country have a much wider distribution and
represent elements of various other faunas, chiefly eastern and western. I have therefore
attempted by means of the following lists to divide the collection as a whole into its
component parts and to give some idea of their relative importance and connections.

It is difficult to account for the occurrence of certain species on Ruwenzori: for
instance, a very large and remarkable Yellow-breasted Bush-Shrike (Laniarius
lagdeni) was met with at 9000 ft. and subsequently procured, in some numbers, by
Herr Rudolf Grauer on the higher slopes of the Mufumbiro Volcanoes, which lie to
the south. This very handsome bird had for many years been known only from the
type-specimen in the British Museum, obtained by Sir Godfrey Lagden in Ashanti, and
its recurrence in the highlands of Central Africa is therefore as unexpected as it is
remarkable. As will be seen from the following list, many West-African species,
especially those found in Cameroon, occur in the Lake-district; but in the case of
L. lagdeni we have to deal with a species which was said to have been originally met
with in the interior of the Gold Coast, where there are no high mountains.

As the investigation of the fauna of Ruwenzori was the main object of the present
Expedition, I shall first deal with the birds which are believed to be peculiar to the
range, and which, so far as I am aware, have not been found elsewhere. ‘These
species, which number 20, are as follows :—

Sitagra aliena Sharpe. 5500-8500 ft. Apalis affinis Grant. 6000 ft.
Cryptospiza jacksoni Sharpe. 6000-8500 ft. » personata Sharpe. 6000-9000 ft.
5 shelleyi Sharpe. (Exact locality » ruwenzori Jackson. 6000-9000 ft.
unknown.) Cossypha archeri Sharpe. 6000-13,000 ft.
Nectarinia dartmouthi Grant. 12,500-14,500 ft. Alethe poliophrys Sharpe. 6500-9000 ft.
Cinnyris alinze (Jackson). 5500-9000 ft. Batis diops Jackson. 6500-8500 ft.
a5 stuhlmanni Reichenow. 10,000- Cryptolopha alpina Grant. 10,000—14,000 ft.
11,200 ft. 3 leeta Sharpe. 6500-9000 ft.
Parus fasciiventris Reichenow. 6500-11,000 ft. Gallirex johnstoni Sharpe. 8500-11,000 ft.
Dryoscopus holomelas Jackson. 6000-9000 tt. Cypselus maximus Grant. 10,000-14,000 ft.
Bradypterus barake Sharpe. 6500-8500 ft. Haplopelia jacksoni Sharpe. 6500-9000 ft.

. W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT——AVES, 258

The following 6 species found on the Ruwenzori range have also been met with
on the Mufumbiro Volcanoes, which lie to the south :-—
Cinnyris regius Reichenow. 6000-10,000 ft.

Turdinus atriceps Sharpe. 6500-9000 ft.
Tarsiger ruwenzori Grant. 6500-12,000 ft.

Cryptospiza ocularis Sharpe. 6000-7000 ft.
Serinus graueri Hartert. 5500-14,000 ft.
Nectarinia purpureiventris Reichenow. 7000 ft.

The portion of the collection which was formed in the neighbourhood of Entebbe,
at the north end of Victoria Nyanza, is of special interest. Entebbe may be regarded as
a great central junction where elements of all the tropical Faunas meet. Most of the
more widely ranging species of birds belonging to the East-African, White Nile, West-
African, Angolan, and South-African Faunas are to be met with there, and probably
there is no spot on the African continent where so many different species are to be
found.

The following 96 species are characteristic of the great central chain of Lakes, some
being confined to the neighbourhood of Victoria Nyanza, while others range north-

wards to the Bahr-el-Jebel, or as far south as Lake Nyasa :—

Oriolus percivali.
Malimbus centralis.

5 fagani.
Cinnamopteryx mpange.
Sycobrotus mentalis.
Heterhyphantes stephanophorus.
Hyphantornis dimidiatus,

35 feminina,

cp castanops.
Sitagra pelzelni.
Amblyospiza melanonota.
Quelea cardinalis.
Pyromelana ansorgei.

os nigrifrons.
3 crassirostris.
Urobrachya pheenicea.

Coliuspasser soror.

Pytelia belli.

Nigrita schistacea.

Nesocharis ansorgei.

Estrilda minor. (South to the Zambesi R.)
> roseicrissa.

Lagonosticta ruberrima.
Neisna nyansve.

Serinus icterus.
Chrysomitris frontalis.

Mirafra zombee.

» tropicalis.
Anthus leggei.
Nectarinia erythrocerca.
Anthothreptes axillaris.
Cinnyris viridisplendens.

tp falkensteini.
53 igneiventris.
- reichenowl.

Zosterops jacksoni.
Anthoscopus roccatii.
Telephonus emini.
Dryoscopus nandensis.
Cisticola carruthersi.

5 emini.

eee bel lite

a3 ehubbi.

3 nuchalis.
Bradypterus alfredi.
Calamocichla nilotica.
Apalis denti.

» jacksoni.
Hminia lepida.
Sylviella barakee.

ss toroensis.

os leucophrys.

256

Burnesia melanops. .

3 reichenowi.
Turdus centralis.
Callene zquatorialis.
Neocossyphus prepectoralis.
Erythropygia hartlaubi.

Alethe carruthersi. }

Crateropus kirki. (Ranging to the Zambesi R.)

Turdinus pyrrhopterus.

Bathmedonia jacksoni.

Xenocichla kikuyuensis.
= letissima.

6500-10,000 ft.

Bleda woosnami.
Alseonax pumilus.

a infulatus.
Muscicapa toroensis.
Chloropeta kenya. 6000—10,000 ft.

= massaica.

5000—10,000 ft.

= gracilirostris.
Megabias zquatorialis.
Trochocereus albonotatus. 6500-8500 ft.

Terpsiphone suahelica.

ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

Terpsiphone emini.
Hirundo emini.
Psalidoprocne albiceps.
A massaica.

Dendromus tniolema. 4
Mesopicus ruwenzori. 6500-8000 ft.
Dendropicus pecilolemus.
Tricholema ansorgei.

ee radcliffei.
Gymnobucco cinereiceps.
Barbatula mfumbiri.

z= centralis.
Trachyphonus elgonensis.
Gymnoschizorhis leopoldi.
Turacus emini.
Caprimulgus ruwenzori.
Irrisor jacksoni.
Melittophagus oreobates.
Eurystomus rufobuccalis.
Galactoehrysea emini.
Francolinus icterorhynchus.

a muleme.

The following 39 East-African species have been met with in the neighbourhood of
Ruwenzori, some of the highland forms being found high up on the range—for instance,
Turdus abyssinicus, which was met with from 6000 ft. nearly up to the snows :—

Pholidauges sharpei. 8500 ft.
Cinnamopterus tenuirostris. 10,000 ft.
Peeoptera stublmanni. 5000 ft.
Lamprotornis porphyropterus. |

Heterhyphantes stuhlmanni. 7000 ft.
Hyphantornis intermedius.
Coluspasser eques.

Cryptospiza salvadorii. 7000-8500 ft.

Lagonosticta rhodoparia.
Serinus kilimensis.

>» Sharpei.
Nectarinia kilimensis.

as melanogastra.

Cinnyris sequatorialis.

>> microrhynchus.
Laniarius erythrogaster.
' Dryoscopus malzacii.

Dryoscopus affinis. (? Also W. Africa.)
Lanius intercedens.
Bradypterus cinnamomeus.
Apalis pulchella.
Geocichla piaggiz.
Turdus abyssinicus.

6500-13,000 ft.

5000-9000 ft.
6000-13,000 ft.
Cossypha heuglini.
Crateropus sharpei.
Phyllastrephus sucosus. 5000-9000 ft.
Batis orientalis.

> puella.
Dendromus nubicus.
Dendropicus zanzibari.
Lybius equaiorialis.
Colius afiinis.
Hapaloderma vittatum.
Rhinopomastus schalowi.

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES.

Merops superciliosus. (Ranging to Mada-
gascar &c.)

Syrnium suahelicum.

bd
Or
oo |

Buteo augur.
Lissotis melanogaster.
Numida ptilorhyncha.

The following 8 species were met with only in the Eturi and East-Congo Forests :—

Spermospiza poliogenys.
Pholidornis denti.
Alethe woosnami.
Phyllanthus czarnikowi.

Stizorhina vulpina.
Erythrocercus congicus.
Trochocercus bedfordi.
Gymnobucco sladeni.

The following 91 West-African species have been met with in the neighbourhood of
Ruwenzori and in the Lake-district, chiefly in the Eturi and Mpanga Forests :—

Lamprocolius splendidus. 5000 ft.
Dicrurus atripennis.

Oriolus lztior.

Malimbus malimbicus.

55 nigerrimus.
Heterhyphantes nigricollis.
Hyphantornis superciliosus.
Pyrenestes ostrinus.

Pyromelana franciscana.
Spermestes cucullatus.

> poensis.

Nigrita fusconota.
> Jluteifrons.
» eanicapilla.

Estrilda nonnula.

Anthothreptes tephrolema.

Cyanomitra cyanolzema.

Cinnyris superbus.

5 bouviert:

» Cchloropygius.

Parus funereus.

Nilaus camerunensis.

Nicator chloris.

Laniarius lagdeni. (Ruwenzori, 9000 ft., and
Mufumbiro.)

major.

3 luhderi.

Dryoscopus leucorhynchus.

2?

Lanius mackinnoni.
Melocichla mentalis.

VOL. XIX.—PaRT IV. No. 35.—March, 1910.

Cisticola lateralis.

35 rufopileata.
Apalis caniceps.
», binotata.
Sylviella carnapi ?
» denti.
Camaroptera superciliaris. (Met with at

Mawambi.)
Stiphrornis xanthogaster. (Met with at
Mawambi.)

Hylia prasina.
Burnesia bairdi.
Cossypha bartteloti.
“e melanonota.
Erythropygia ruficauda.
Alethe poliothorax.
Myrmecocichla nigra.
Macrosphenus flavicans.
Turdinus fulvescens.
ty cerviniveutris.
Criniger calurus.
Xenocichla leucolema.

Andropadus indicator.

35 virens.

a gracilis.

sf curvirostris.
latirostris.

Phyllastrephus icterinus.
Ixonotus guttatus. (Extending to Mawambi,
Eturi R., and Ponthierville, Upper Congo.)

2N

258 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

Campophaga petiti. | Indicator exilis.
Graucalus azureus. Corythzola cristata.
Alseonax epulatus. Musophaga rossz.

- fantisiensis. Centropus occidentalis.

ii comitatus. Ceuthmochares aéreus.
Diaphorophyia castanea. Cercococeyx mechowi.

3 jamesoni. Chrysococcyx flavigularis.

Smithornis camerunensis. Ceratogymna atrata.

#5 rufolateralis. Lophoceros fasciatus.

a sharpei. | Haleyon badius.
Artomyias fuliginosa. | Myioceyx ruficeps. (Avakubi.)
Terpsiphone duchaillui. | Agapornis pullarius.
Elminia longicauda. Pceocephalus aubryanus. (Mawambz)
Hirundo gordoni, Vinago calva.
Psalidoprocne nitens. Columba unicincta.
Dendromus caroli. Francolinus schuetti.
Mesopicus ellioti. Pternistes cranchi.
Dendropicus lafresnayi.

The following 8 species known to occur in Angola were also met with in
the Ruwenzori District :—

Kstrilda paludicola. Cosmetornis vexillarius.

Pyenonotus tricolor.

|

Parus insignis. | Byeanistes subquadratus.
| Halcyon pallidiventris.
|

Terpsiphone ignea. Peeocephalus reichenowi.

The following 4 South-African forms range north to the Ruwenzori District :—

Cinnyris mariquensis. | Irrisor viridis.

Scheenicola apicalis. Turnix nana.

The following 94 widely distributed African species were met with in the neigh-
bourhood of Ruwenzori; their range in other parts of Africa is indicated by the
letters E. (=EKast), N.E. (= North-east), S.E. (= South-east), W. (= West), N.W.
(== North-west), S. (=South), S.W. (=South-west), and T. A. (=Tropical Africa) :—

sj Corvultur albicollis . . . . . . . . E.&S. (Met with up to 14,000 ft.)
iPholidangessverreauxi <<) emeeu ene ec. sWieyiec.S.
Dicrurustatere. 4.) =, 2 eC MEL Vrs Oca:
Omolny molest, 5 Be 6 5 soo 6 oo WE he SENG
Anaplectesmelanotis . . 292.5.) -) . EL) NU.) NW.) Sasawe
Hyphantornis xanthops .... .. H,W..&S8.
SOCEM 6 GS 6 5 o « o 0 JB AW Gols:
53) Polutteolay (h a:-/\2> cee ee ONE SANE
PakaCMeaAS A A 8 5 3 + 6 0 6 \Wowats

Pyromelana flammiceps ...... E& W.

W. RB. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES.

Pyromelana xanthomelas
Coliuspasser ardens .
Sporeginthus subflavus
Vidua serena .
Passer diffusus
Emberiza flaviventris
Motacilla vidua

oA longicauda
Anthus pyrrhonotus
Macronyx croceus
Nectarinia cupreonitens
Anthothreptes zambesiana
Cyanomitra ragazzil.
Cinnyris cupreus . 2
Telephonus erythropterus .

5 minutus

Laniarius similis
Lanius humeralis
Cisticola rufa .

si terrestris

35 erythrops .
- lugubris

Ae strangel

Camaroptera griseovinidis .
Prinia mystacea .
Pratincola salax .
Campophaga nigra
Graucalus czesius .
Melenornis pammelena
Bradyornis murinus .
Parisoma plumbeum
Platystira cyanea .
Cotile cincta

» rufigula
Mesopicus pceocephalus
Indicator variegatus .

a minor .
Centropus superciliosus .
Coccystes cafer

5 jacobinus .
Cuculus solitarius
Chrysococcyx cupreus .

33 klaasi

Metallococcyx smaragdineus .

,W.,& 8.
E., W.,&S
E., W., &S
T. A.

T. A.

H., W., & S.
E., W., & 8.

E. & W.
EL. & W.
ik. & W.
E. & W.
W.&S8.
W.& N.E.

E., N.W., & S.
E.,? W., &S.
W.& S.E.

E. & W.

E., W., & S.
W.&S.

E. & W.

T. A.

E. & W.

E., W., & S.
E.&S.

N.E. & N.W.
E., S.W., & S.

W.&S5.
K. & W.

N.E., W., & S.

K., N.E., & N.W.

N.E. & N.W.
i. & 8.
i. & 8.

5S.

2N

259

Hapaloderma narina

a vittatum .
Colius macrurus .
Caprimulgus fossei

_ natalensis
Cosmetornis vexillarius
Lophoceros melanoleucus .
Upupa africana 5
Melittophagus meridionalis
Merops albicollis .
Eurystomus afer .

Halcyon chelicutensis .

3 semiceruleus .
5D senegalensis
is eyanoleucus

Ispidina picta .
Corythornis cyanostigma
Glaucidiuim perlatum
Bubo lacteus :
Helotarsus ecaudatus
Lophoaétus occipitalis .
Buteo auguralis .

» desertorum
Melierax gabar
Accipiter melanoleucus .
Anas sparsa Stans
(idicnemus vermiculatus
Phyllopezus africanus
Lobivanellus lateralis
Stephanibyx inornatus .
Gallinago nigripennis
Crex egregia
Columba arquatrix
Turtur damarensis

5 semitorquatus
Tympanistria tympanistria
Chalcopelia afra .
Coturnix delegorguei
Exealfactoria adansoni .
Guttera cristata

ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

T. A.
E. & W.
E. & W.
E. & W.
N.E. & S.
S.E. & W.

E., S.W., & S.
W.&S.

E., 8.W., & S.
T. A.

GI iA

T. A.

E. & W.
N.E. & W.
N.E., W., & S.E.
N.E. & S.E.

T. A.

E., N.W., & S.

T. A.
E. & S.W.
E., W.,& S.
T, A.

T. A.

E., S.W., & S.
RS Wi & Se
TA.
EW. & 8.
Ae

fT: uA

YA.
E. & W.

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 261

°
The range of the following 19 species which occur in the Ruwensori District

extends beyond Africa :—

Motacilla flava. | Elanus ceruleus.
Anthus trivialis. | Milvus egyptius.
Sylvia atricapilla. | Circus macrurus.

», hortensis. Querquedula circia.
Phylloscopus eversmanni. | Sarcidiornis melanonota.
3 trochilus. | Glareola pratincola.

Pratincola rubetra. Totanus ochropus.
Merops apiaster. | Crex crex.
>> persicus. | Turtur senegalensis.

Ceryle rudis.

The species represented in the present collection may therefore be classified as

follows :—
Number of species.

Species peculiar to the Ruwenzori range . ee : : 20

Species found on the Ruwenzori range and ales on the Mafarabiec
Volcanoes oe: st 6

Species confined to the raise enzorl District and to ihe rent pedal ain
Ae aiclees: i; 0 eR aoe Bs 2 LS) eee Iter eer nt)
East-African species ranging to the Ruwenzori DINE B Gg oe so! 0 9 OY
Species peculiar to the Eturi and E. Congo Forests 8
West-African species ranging to the Ruwenzori Distric tanec eee OL
Angolan species ranging to the Ruwenzori District 8
South-African species ranging north to the Ruwenzori WH og ol
Widely distributed species found in the Rroeadom IDS Go o o a o CE

Species whose range extends beyond Afriea, found in the Ruwenzori
District 19
Total ee ooo

The following isa list of the 27 new species procured by the Ruwenzori Expedition :—

Malimbus fagani . . . . . . . Grant, Bull. B. O.C. xxi. p. 15 (1907).
Cinnamopteryx mpange . . .- . 56 xxi. p. 15 (1907).
Hyphantornisfeminma. . - . - ~ 3 xxi, p. 15 (1907).
Spermospiza poliogenys. . - . - # 5 xix. p. 32 (1906).
Pyromelana crassirostris . . - . 3 xxi. p. 14 (1907).
Pytelia bellies 7 A xxi. p. 14 (1907).
Renda lesen . 5 5 5 5 6 O RS : xix. p. 26 (1906).
Nectarinia dartmouthi . . . . . of . xvi. p. 117 (1906).
holon Gein 5 5 6 o o Oe A re xix. p. 41 (1907)
Cisticola carruthersi. . . . .- - fe cn Xxili. p. 94 (1909).

belli eee se ss re xxi. p. 7] (1908).

EP]

262 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

Apalisdenti . - . .™%+- « « “Grant Ball. B..O. C. xix. p186(907),
PO aninisM se ail eae tne ie a xvi. p. 116 (1906).
ix. p

Shyigellpclatn SS 6 co 6 6 oo be - xix. p. 21 (11906).
Alethe woosnami ..... =. -~ a a xix. p. 24 (1906).
PE CATEULHELSIG je meee ets # 3 xix. p. 297(1906).
Phyllanthus czarmkowt. . . . . 5 xix. p. 40 (1907)
Bledaxwoosmaniti )s0))-0 er) eee eee fe = xix. p. 87 (1907).
Daas) Seri Ul Wen 20 Lt mere ine ne i 3 xix. p. 33 (1906).
Chloropeta gracilirostris . . . . 55 a xix. p. 33 (1906).
Erythrocercus congieus. . . . . a 5 xix. p. 41 (1907).
Trochocerecus bedfordi . . . . . a =a xix. p. 40 (1907).
Cryptolophaalpina . .... . 5 6 xvi. p. 117 (1906).
Gymnobucco sladeni. . . . . .- 9 5 xix. p. 42 (1907).
Barbatula mfumbiri . . . .. . os ea xix. p. 107 (1907).
Cypselus maximus ..... . in 33 xix. p. 56 (1907).
Caprimulgus ruwenzorli . . . . 5 3 Xxill. p. 94 (1909).

The following new species from Sierra Leone is also described in the present

work :—
Cinnyris kempi Grant, see p. 329.

Throughout this Report I have quoted Dr. Reichenow’s ‘ Die Vogel Afrikas,’ which
is the only descriptive work dealing with the Birds of Africa as a whole. The value of
this great work is generally admitted, but its scientific usefulness is in many respects
greatly lessened owing to the way in which the writings of other ornithologists have
been treated or even ignored by the author. In many instances perfectly distinct and
well-characterised species, which have not been examined by Dr. Reichenow, are
suppressed and placed in the synonymy of some more or less allied form, while quite a
number of supposed geographical races described at length by the author appear to
have no real existence.

Though much of the information contained in the ‘ Végel Afrikas’ is derived from
the twenty-seven volumes of the ‘ Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum,’ that
great work is only referred to in the case of the new species of African birds described
therein. On the other hand, some comparatively useless works are quoted in the
synonymy.

In the lists of specimens procured by the Expedition the letter “d.” placed over
some of the collectors’ numbers indicates that those examples were duplicates not
retained in the series kept for the British Museum. The initials within the brackets
signify the name of the collector, thus :—R. E. D. (=R. E. Dent); D. C. (=Douglas
Carruthers); G. L. (=Hon. Gerald Legge) and R. B. W. (=R. B. Woosnam).

The field-notes and observations by Mr. Woosnam on the local range of the various
species will be found in square brackets with his initials appended to them.

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 203

Family CorvibD&.
CORVULTUR ALBICOLLIS (Lath.).
Corvultur albicollis Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1900, p. 602 [Kenia]; Hartert, Nov. Zool. vu. p. 38
(1900) [Toro]; Reich. Vég. Afr. 11. p. 640 (1908).
a. 9. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 12,500 ft., 16th Feb. [No. 108. &. E. D.|

Iris dark brown; bill black, white at the tip; feet black.

This Raven was met with by the Mackinder Expedition on Mount Kenia up to an
elevation of 10,000 ft.

[The White-necked Raven was seen on Ruwenzori up to an elevation of 14,000 ft.
A pair had a nest ina cliff overhanging our camp at 12,500 ft., but the species was
not very common at these altitudes and was most numerous below 7000 ft.—&. B. W. |

Family StTuRNID A,

PHOLIDAUGES VERREAUXI Bocage.
Pholidauges verreauxi Jackson, Ibis, 1899, p. 589 [Njemps, Eldoma Ravine].
Cinnyricinclus verreauzi Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 680 (1903) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 569
[Entebbe; Toro].

a. ¢ imm. 60 miles N. of Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3500 ft., 16th Aug.
[No. 1785. D. C.]

Iris pale yellow; bill and feet black.

This example of Verreaux’s Glossy Starling is in an interesting stage of plumage,
showing the change in the contour feathers of the upperparts from the immature to
the adult. Some of the feathers of the back are brown, others brilliant metallic
purple, and many of those on the crown and nape are still in quill.

[A single specimen obtained on the eastern edge of the KEturi Forest, near

Irumu.—R. B. W.]

PHOLIDAUGES SHARPEL Jackson.
Pholidauges sharpei Jackson, Ibis, 1899, pp. 303, 590, pl. xu. [Nandi, Eldoma Ravine].
Pholia hirundinea, Reich. Orn. Monatsb. viii. p. 99 (1900).
Pholia sharpei Reich. Vég. Afr. ii. p. 682 (1903).
a. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., 22nd Jan. [No. 3125, R. B. W.|
bs, 3 5 - 9000 ft., 3rd March. [Nos. 180, 182.
R. B. D.|
Iris bright yellow in the male, yellowish-green or greenish-brown in the female
bill and feet black.
This rare Starling was described by Mr. Jackson from specimens procured by him
at the Eldoma Ravine in 1897. It has also been recorded by Dr. Reichenow from
the north of Lake Nyasa, and was described by him as a new genus of Flycatchers'

264 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

The pair collected by Mr. R. E. Dent were said to be breeding. As suggested by
Dr. Sharpe (cf. ‘ Ibis,’ 1899, p. 590), the adult female resembles the male in plumage,
but has the belly, &c., of a paler cinnamon-rufous; it is, moreover, smaller.

The measurements of the above specimens are as follows :—

Wing. Tail.
in. 1h.
Male- = £72 eee ae 2:00
Hemale <1). Sia 2°35
Hemale™ = 9.) (ae S.O 2:3

[Sharpe’s Starling was occasionally seen on the east side of Ruwenzori from an
altitude of 6500 ft. up to 8500 ft., but was distinctly rare. Parties were sometimes
seen flying in company with the flocks of Cinnamopterus tenuirostris, but whether this
is the usual custom of the species it is difficult to say.—R. B. W.]

LAMPROCOLIUS SPLENDIDUS (Vieill.).

Lamprocolius splendidus Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 692 (1903).
Lamprocolius splendidus glaucovirens Elliot; Hartert, Nov. Zool. vii. p. 39 (1900) [Fort Beni];
Reich. V6g. Afr. ii. p. 693 (1903).

a,b. 6 2. 60 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500-3700 ft., 29th Nov. [Nos. 1016. D.C.;
2011. G. L.]

c,d. 6 %. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 23rd & 24th July. [Nos. 2431.
Gaels dol6. hn. Bas

Adult male and female. Iris white; bill and feet black.

Both pairs of this extremely beautiful Glossy Starling are apparently in freshly
moulted plumage; but the birds killed in July have the tips of the tail-feathers
slightly worn.

There can be little doubt that Z. glaucovirens Elliot is founded on a male example
of L. splendidus (Vieill.). Owing, no doubt, to the lack of specimens in which the
sex had been ascertained, Dr. Sharpe (Cat. Birds B. M. xiii. pp. 172, 173) considered
the sexes to represent distinct species. The specimens referred by him to L. splendidus
with the “throat bluish-purple and the head of the same metallic-green as the mantle ”
are all females; while those with the “throat reddish-purple and the head steel-blue
or steel-green, contrasting with the oil-green of the mantle,” and named L. glauco-
virens, are all males.

The measurements of the four specimens procured by the Expedition are as
follows :—

Wing. Tail.

in. in.
Males). =. = 5 S6vE6:2 4-64-85
Females. . . . 5:6—5°95 4°4—4°5

[This handsome Glossy Starling was seen throughout the journey from Victoria

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 260

Nyanza to the edge of the Eturi Forest. It was not found on Ruwenzori above

an altitude of 5000 ft—AR. B. W.]

CINNAMOPTERUS TENUIROSTRIS (Rupp.).
Cinnamopterus tenuirostris Reich. Vog. Afr. 11. p. 703 (1903); Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 569
[Ruwenzori] ; Sharpe, P. Z.S. 1900, p. 602 [Kenia].
a-d. 6 2 et 2 imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000—-10,000 ft., 6th—28th

d. d.
Jause Nos. LOO wees. Lo. D.C.; 20630 G: 025° 3129) Ro BW,
e-g. ¢ 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 9000-10,000 ft., 21st-25th Feb.

d.
[Nos. 165. R. #, D.; 1268, 1269. D. C.]
h-s. 6 2 et 6 2imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000-9000 ft., 3rd—20th

d. d. d. d.
March. [Nos. 212. R. #. D.; 1283, 1285, 1308, 1385, 1386, 1387. D. C.; 2220,

d. d.

Iris dark hazel-brown or dark brown; bill and feet black. ‘The colours of three
immature birds are similar to those of the adult.

In my notes on the birds collected in Sokotra (cf. Nat. Hist. Sokotra and Abd-el-Kuri,
p. 23) I pointed out the interesting fact that in the young female of the Starling Amydrus
blythi the head and neck are black like those of the male parent, the grey plumage
of the adult female being subsequently assumed. ‘The same peculiarity is noticeable
in the present species. Immature birds, both male and female, resemble the male
parent in lacking all trace of grey edgings to the feathers; but the whole plumage is
much less glossy. In the adult male the feathers of the back and underparts below
the throat are black widely margined with purplish-bronze ; in the young the feathers
of the back are more narrowly edged with bluish-purple and the underparts are dull
black with scarcely any gloss. ‘The tail in the immature bird is shorter than in the
adult.

Wing Tail.

ln. in,

Adult ¢ 6°3 75
oh 59 “ia
Immature ¢ . 5:9 5:8
oe g Ber 5°6

[These Red-winged Starlings were plentiful on Ruwenzori from 6500 to 10,000 ft.
They were usually seen in large flocks flying up or down the valleys; great numbers
used to roost in the tall trees and cliffs around the camp at 10,000 ft., and their shrill
call was one of the few bird-notes that was to be heard above 9000 ft. They appeared
to feed largely upon the berries of the Pedocarpus (P. milanjiana).—R. B. W.]

‘

VOL. XIX.—PART IV. No. 86.—WMarch, 1910. ZNO

266 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZUJUR1 EXPEDITION.

PMopreRA STUHLMANNI Reichenow.
Stilbopsar stuhlmanni Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 706 (1903).
a. 2imm. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 17th Sept. [No. 528. R. E. D.]

Iris yellow; bill and feet black. '

This specimen, which is no doubt immature, has the plumage mostly black with
very little of the oil-green gloss on the underparts which is characteristic of the adult
female; it is also a somewhat smaller bird, the tail especially being shorter.

Adult female. Wing 3-9 inches; tail 3-05.

Immature female. Wing 3°75 inches; tail 2°4.

[This small Red-winged Starling was shot among the tops of high trees.—R. B. W.|

LAMPROTORNIS PORPHYROPTERUS Riipp.
Lamprotornis purpuropterus Reich. Vog. Afr. 11. p. 710 (1903).
Lamprotornis porphyropterus Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 568 [Toro; Ankoli]; Grant, Ibis, 1902,
p- 401, 1907, p. 580.
a,b. 6 2. 70 miles W. of Entebbe, 3700 ft., 30th Nov. & 1st Dec. [Nos. 19.
ie Goo. 2b. W]
c. 2. 100 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 7th Dec. [No. 2022. G. L.]
d. g. 120 miles W. of Entebbe, 4200 ft., 8th Dec. [No. 1051. D. C.]
e. 6. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 5400 ft., 24th April. [No. 1427. D. C.]
NC pete 5 a 5th & 19th May. [Nos. 344. k. #. D.;

2334. G. L.] :

h,i. 3. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 16th & 17th June. [Nos. 1637. D. C.;
2404. G. L.]

Iris white or very pale yellow; bill and feet black.

The characters by which this shorter-tailed form of the Purple-winged Glossy
Starling is distinguished from L. wneocephalus Heugl. have already been pointed out
at some length in my papers in the ‘Ibis,’ quoted above.

The measurements of the above series are as follows :—

Wing. Tail.

in. in.
Males tse. i 3) b39—ol 5-55-5'8
Females . 5°1-5°3 4°6 —5:0

In freshly moulted examples, such as No. 344, killed on the 19th of May, the
feathers of the back and breast are purplish-green; in worn examples, such as
specimen 1051, killed on the 8th of December, the feathers of these parts are mostly
deep violet, while the eaposed portions of many of the quills are brownish-black and
entirely lack the metallic gloss.

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 267

[This Glossy Starling was seen throughout the journey from Entebbe to Ruwenzori ;
it was not observed on the mountains, but was not uncommon in the acacia-country at
the south end of the range.—R. B. W.]

Family DicRURID &.

Dicrurvus AFEr (Licht.).
Dicrurus afer Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 646 (1908).
Buchanga afra Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 567 [Toro].
a. 2. 60 miles W. of Entebbe, 3700 ft., 29th Nov. [No. 17. R. E. D.]
6. ds. 100 miles W. of Entebbe, 4100 ft., 6th Dec. [No. 1035. D. C.]
c. ¢. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 30th April. [No. 260. &. #. D.]
d-g. ¢ et g imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 5th-22nd May. [Nos. 289,

308, 348. 2. B. D.; 1600. D. C] P

h-k. ¢ 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 10th-16th June. [Nos. 446, 461,
464. R. E. D.)

Iris red, claret or reddish-brown in adults, hazel or brown in immature examples ;
bill and feet black.

[This Drongo was seen near Entebbe and along the eastern side of Ruwenzori, as

well as in the upper part of the Semliki Valley —. B. W.]

DIcRURUS ATRIPENNIS Swains.

Dicrurus atripennis Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 651 (1908).

a, 6. 2. Irumu, Eturi Forest, 3000 ft., 16th & 21st Oct. [Nos. 569. KR. £. D.;
3639. R. B. W.]

Iris crimson or claret-colour; bill and feet black.

‘The presence of this West-African Drongo in the Eturi Forest is of interest,
as hitherto it has only been recorded as occurring between Gambia and the Gaboon.
Both specimens are in freshly moulted plumage, most of the tail-feathers in No, 5639
being only partially grown.

The two females measure respectively :—

Wing. Tail.
in. in.
iia Sader 4°3 36
GRENIER vc is bop eno 3°9

{Not uncommon in the forests around Fort Beni, Irumu, and Mawambi.—f, B. W.}|

268 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

Family ORIOLID &.
ORIOLUS ROLLETI Salvadori.
Oriolus rolleti Jackson, Ibis, 1899, p. 595 [Entebbe, Kamassia, Eldoma Ravine, Nandi];
1906, p. 568 [Toro].
Oriolus larvatus rolleti Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 659 (1908).
a. 3. 120 miles W. of Entebbe, 4200 ft., 8th Dec. [No. 1046. D. C.]
b-e. 3 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 2nd—18th May. [No. 310. &. E. D.;

d.
1477, 1534, 1584. D. C.]
f. 2. Mokia, 8.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 19th June. [No. 1646. D. C.]

Iris light red, red, or dark red; bill flesh-colour, pink, reddish-brown, or brown ;
feet grey, dark grey, bluish-grey, or black.

The male (No. 310) shot on the 10th May is marked by Mr. Dent as being a
breeding-bird. It appears to be perfectly adult, but shows scarcely a trace of any
yellow colour on the hind-neck, which is only a little brighter than the back. A
female (No. 1534) shot on the same date has the yellow collar on the hind-neck well
developed (as is the case in all the other birds both male and female), and the feathers
of both the mantle and the breast have narrow dusky shaft-streaks.

[Rollet’s Oriole was obtained near Entebbe and was seen occasionally throughout
the journey to Ruwenzori. It was not uncommon among the taller acacia-trees on
the plains around the south end.—R. B. W.]

ORIOLUS L&TIOR Sharpe.

Oriolus letior Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. vii. p. xvii (1897) ; id. Ibis, 1898, p. 155 [Gaboon] ;
Hartert, Nov. Zool. vii. p. 39 (1900) [Fort Beni].
Oriolus larvatus letior Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 661 (1903).

a. ¢. 50 miles north of Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3500 ft., 15th Aug. [No. 1783.
IDG

b. 2 imm. Mawambi, E. Congo Forest, 3000 ft., 22nd Oct. [No. 3641. Rk. B. W.|

c. 2. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 14th Sept. [No. 3564. k. B. W.|

Male. Iris dark red; bill pink; feet dark grey.

Female. Iris dark chestnut; bill reddish-brown; feet grey.

Immature female. Iris light brown; bill dark brown; feet grey.

This Oriole was originally described in the briefest manner from a specimen from
Gaboon. It also inhabits the Cameroon district, and has been procured by Dr. Ansorge
near Fort Beni.

A marked difference in plumage between the sexes of this species has hitherto been
overlooked and is worth recording. The male, besides having a much wider and more
brilliant yellow collar which extends over the mantle, differs from the female in

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 269

having the inner webs of the innermost secondary-quills widely margined with deep
black, contrasting sharply with the olive-green portion which lies next to the shaft.
In the female the yellow collar is paler and much narrower (much as in males of
O. brachyrhynchus), and the inner webs of the innermost secondaries are olive-green,
gradually shading into dusky olive towards the margin.

The nearly allied O. brachyrhynchus, which ranges from Sierra Leone to Togo,
appears to show the same sexual differences as regards the coloration of the innermost
secondary-quills, but in none of the specimens in the British Museum Collection has
the sex been determined.

[This Yellow-collared Oriole appears to be plentiful in the Congo Forest. It was
not often seen, but a clear mellow note, presumably of this species, was often heard
from among the tree-tops. It was plentiful in the Mpanga Forest, east of Ruwenzori.

—R. B.W]

ORIOLUS PERCIVALI Grant.
Oriolus larvatus Sharpe, Ibis, 1891, p. 243 [part., nos. 301, 324, Elgon].
Oriolus rolleti Jackson, Ibis, 1899, p. 595 [part., nos. 1226, 1228, 1249, Nandi].
Oriolus percivali Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xiv. p. 18 (1903) 5 Reich. Vég. Afr. in. App. p. 836
(1905).
a. 2. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 15th Sept. [No. 520. R. £. D.]

Iris dark crimson; bill ‘bone ”-colour; feet slate-grey.

The type of this species was procured by Mr. A. B. Percival in the Kikuyu Forest,
and there are specimens in the Jackson Collection from Mt. Elgon and Nandi, which
are referred to in the synonymy given above.

The present specimen, a female, differs only from the type in its somewhat smaller
size: wing 5°2 inches; tail 3:5.

Family PLOCEID 4.

MALIMBUS CENTRALIS Reichenow.

Malimbus rubricollis centralis Reich. Vég. Afr. 11. p. 21 (1904).
Malimbus centralis Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 567 [ Kibera, Toro].

a,b. 3. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 17th & 22nd Sept. [Nos. 527.
RE. D.; 360658 baw.

Iris dark brown or dark crimson; bill and feet black.

This is merely a slightly smaller form of M. rubricollis (Swains.), the bill, as pointed
out by Dr. Reichenow, being much more slender than in the typical West-A frican
form.

[Reichenow’s Malimbe was plentiful in the Mpanga Forest. It was only seen among
the tops of the tall trees and never among the undergrowth.—#. B. W.]

270 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

MALIMBUS MALIMBIcuS (Daud.).
Malimbus malimbicus Reich. Vég. Afr, 11. p. 21 (1904); Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 349 (1905).
a. 6. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 24th July. [No. 1756. D. C.]
b. 2. 30 miles N.W. of Fort Beni, 3000 ft., 12th Aug. [No. 2448. G. L.]
c. 6. Irumn, Eturi Forest, 3000 ft., 16th Oct. [No. 568. Rk. E. D.]

Iris dark brown or dark hazel; bill and feet black.
[The Crested Malimbe was found in the Congo Forest, where it frequented the tops
of tall trees.—R. B. W.]

MALIMBUS FAGANI Grant. (Plate X. fig. 1, 3.)
Malimbus fagani Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xxi. p. 15 (1907).

a. 6. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 21st July. [No. 3508. &. B.W. Type
of the species. |

This species is very closely allied to MW. erythrogaster Reich., but differs in having
a smaller bill, the red on the crown and underparts more intense, and the flanks,
thighs, and under tail-coverts mostly black, some of the feathers being more or less
mixed with red. Iris dark brown; bill black; feet brown. ‘Total length 6 inches;
culmen 0-9; wing 3°6; tail 2°05; tarsus 0°9.

The type of this species, a fine adult male specimen, has been compared with male
and female examples of JM. erythrogaster Reichenow, collected by Dr. W. J. Ansorge
in Southern Nigeria, and kindly sent me for examination from the Tring Museum.
‘These agree well with Dr. Reichenow’s description and figure of the types of
M. erythrogaster, which were procured by Dr. Zenker at Jaunde, Cameroon.

Though the differences mentioned above are not very pronounced, they seem to
indicate that the specimen from Fort Beni represents a distinct form.

MALIMBUS NIGERRIMUS (Vieill.).
Ploceus ngerrimus Reich. Vig. Afr. i. p. 50 (1904).
Melanopteryx nigerrima Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 862 (1905); Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p.566 [Toro].
Malimbus nigerrimus Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 278 [Upper Congo].

a-e. ¢ et d imm. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 5000 ft, 19th—24th July.

'Nos. 482. B, BE. D.; 1726. D. C.; 2421, 2434, 2435. @. L.]

f. &. 40 miles N.W. of Fort Beni, 3000 ft., 13th Aug. [No. 2449. G@. Z.]

g,h. 6 2 Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 14th-17th Sept. [Nos. 522.
TG es 3000: Ut aay

Adult male. Iris yellow or light yellow; bill black; feet brown.

Adult female. Iris dirty yellow ; bill dark horn-colour ; feet brown.

| Vieillot’s Black Malimbe was very numerous in the clearings in the Congo Forest
and a few were also seen in the Mpanga Forest, east of Ruwenzori. It was nesting in

W. BR. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. ZG.

huge colonies, and in one place a tall tree had at least 100 nests of this bird hanging
from its branches.—R. B. W.|

ANAPLECTES MELANOTIS (Lafr.).
Anaplectes melanotis Reich. Vig. Afr. ili. p. 26 (1904); Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 338 (1905)
[part.] ; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 276 [S.W. Uganda].

a, b. 6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft. 26th & 30th April. (Nos. 244,

Alaa tae de 7 De
¢ 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft. 5th & 31st. May. [Nos. 4053.
ihe EH: D. > 1500 2D5e|

e. ¢. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 6th June. [No. 5457. R. B. W.]

Adult male. Iris reddish-brown, chocolate, or hazel; bill scarlet; feet brown or
mauve.

Adult female. Iris dark brown or hazel; bill red; feet brown or light brown.

The female (2) shot on the 30th of April is in very worn plumage, the feathers,
especially those of the breast, having the terminal half more or less worn off.
All three males are moulting, and many of the scarlet feathers of the head and throat
are being renewed.

[A few examples of the Red-winged Anaplectes were found in the acacia-forest on
the plains round the south end of Ruwenzori, but the species was by no means

common.—R. B. W.]|

SycoBROTUS MENTALIS (Hartl.).

Ploceus mentalis Reich. Vég. Afr. iii. p. 35 (1904).
Sycobrotus mentalis Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 871 (1995).
Sycobrotus nandensis Jackson, Ibis, 1899, p. 615.

a. 6. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 15th Sept. [No. 16. #. EF D.|

Iris crimson ; bill slate-blue ; feet flesh-colour.

This bird is no doubt a male of S. mentalis (Hartl.) and closely resembles the
female type of S. nandensis Jackson, but the underparts are much brighter yellow,
especially on the chest and breast. As in the type of S. nandensis, there is an inter-
rupted half-hidden line of black spots down the middle of the chest, formed by some of
the median feathers having one web partially black; the grey back and upperparts are
slightly paler and have a distinct yellowish tinge. ‘Total length 5-5 inches ; wing 3°3 ;
tail 2°05; tarsus 0°85.

Dr. Hartert has kindly forwarded from the ‘Tring Museum the type of S. entaiis
(Hartl.), procured by Emin at Buguera (Wadelai); also four examples collected
by Herr R. Grauer in the Mpanga Forest. ‘These latter show considerable variation
as regards the amount of yellow on the throat, one having the throat almost entirely

272 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

black, while another has the middle of the throat mostly yellow and closely resembles
the type of S. mentalis, There can be little doubt that the type of S. nandensis is a
female of the present species, and that the name should be added to the synonymy.

In the type of S. mentalis (a male) the wing measures 3°4 inches ; in five males from
the Mpanga Forest the wing measures 3°1-3°3; and in the type of S. nandensis
(a female) it measures 3:2.

[The Black-chinned Grey-backed Weaver was not uncommon in the Mpanga Forest,
and was also observed in the Congo Forest.—fk. B. W.|

HeTERHYPHANTES STUHLMANNI Reich.
Symplectes stuhlmanni Hartert, Nov. Zool. vii. p. 42 (1900) [ Uganda; Toro; Unyoro].
Ploceus stuhlmanni Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 40, pl. xii. fig. 3 (1904).
Othyphantes stuhlmanni Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p.453 (1905) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 566 [Toro].
a,b. 3 et ¢ imm. 130 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000-4200 ft., 10th Dec. [Nos. 45.
Re Hs Dy Nols, BV
ce. ¢6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 29th Dec. [No. 55. R. E. D.]
d,é. i ~ BH 5th & 6th Jan. [Nos. 1105.

d.
DACs Vii2 =e iB. VY
fH. 6 2 et 2 imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., Ist-24th Feb.
a.
[ Nos. 139. BE. De; 1266. D.C.; 2137, 2169NGs 4
k-p. 6 2 et 9 imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000-6000 ft., 14th—25th

O,

d. d. d.
March. [Nos. 2196, 2197, 2222, 2230, 2234, 2247. G. L.]
qg. 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 11th May. [No. 1546. D. C.]
Tr 2. 5 a 3 29th June. [No. 1712. D. C.]

Adult male and female. Iris white or pale yellow; bill black; feet brown, light
brown, or flesh-colour.

Immature. Iris hazel or dark brown (one marked “ grey”); bill and feet brown.

. The immature bird differs from the adult in having the top and sides of the head
olive-green; the mantle and back greenish-olive, more heavily streaked, and the
underparts paler yellow, washed with buff, especially on the flanks.

This species was not previously represented in the British Museum, though there
were two examples in Mr. Jackson’s collection.

Dr. Reichenow describes the female of H. stuh/manni as having the belly white,
washed with brownish, and the under tail-coverts pale golden. Captain Shelley, on
the other hand, says that the female is nearly like the male in plumage, with the
entire underparts bright yellow. ‘This is no doubt the case, as all our female specimens
differ from the males only in having the olive-green of the nape extending on to the
occiput, whereas in the males the entire top of the head and nape are black. The

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT— AVES. 273

bird described by Dr. Reichenow as the female of his I. stwhlmanni is certainly
neither the adult female nor the young bird of that species; possibly it is the female
of H. emint Hartl., which more or less answers the description as regards the colour
of the belly, &c.

I may here mention that both Dr. Reichenow and Captain Shelley have united
Heterhyphantes zaphirot (Grant) from Abyssinia with H. emini, the latter stating that
H. zaphiroi with its black back is merely the summer plumage of H. emini. There is
no evidence to prove that the feathers of the back in //. emini become uniform black
in summer, or vice versa, quite the contrary. In the nearly allied H. reichenowi
Fischer, which has the abdomen yellow, the feathers of the back remain black
throughout the year. All the evidence goes to prove that H. zaphiroi is a perfectly
distinct species. The British Museum possesses an adult male from Adis Ababa
procured by Captain Welby. This specimen, like the female type and a second
specimen sent by Mr. Zaphiro, has the mantle and back entirely black. ‘The date of
capture is not recorded.

[Stuhlmann’s Weaver was seen near Entebbe and at Fort Portal; it was numerous on
Ruwenzori up to an elevation of 7000 ft., both on the eastern and western sides.—

R. B.W]

HETERHYPHANTES STEPHANOPHORUS Sharpe.

Heterhyphantes stephanophorus Sharpe, Ibis, 1891, pp. 117, 253, pl. vi. fig. 2; Shelley,
B. Afr. iv. p. 379 (1905).
Ploceus stephanophorus Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 43 (1904).

a-d. 2 et 2 imm. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 13th-23rd Sept.
[Nos. 509, 539, 506. R. H. D.; 3999. BR. B. W.]

Adult female. Iris crimson or chestnut; bill black; feet slate or grey.

The female of this species is readily distinguished from that of the nearly allied
western representative H. melanogaster (Shelley). In the present species the yellow
on the crown scarcely extends beyond the posterior margin of the eye, whereas in the
latter species the entire crown is yellow.

In the males of this species the extent of the yellow on the crown seems to vary
somewhat. In the type-specimen from Mau, as well as in birds from Nandi and
Mount Elgon, the yellow extends considerably behind the eye; while in birds from
Toro it is shorter and does not usually extend, beyond the posterior margin.

[A few examples of Jackson’s Yellow-headed Black Weaver were found in the
Mpanga Forest, but they were rather uncommon. ‘They appeared to frequent
the undergrowth and not the tree-tops.— 2. B. W.|

VOL. X1x.— Part Ivy. No. 37.—March, 1910. 2P

274 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

HETERHYPHANTES NIGRICOLLIS (Vieill.).
Ploceus nigricollis Reich. Vog. Afr. ui. p. 44 (1904).
Heterhyphantes nigricollis Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 381 (1905).

a-e. 6 @. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 23rd & 24th July. [Nos. 491.

R. EB. D.; 1745. D. C.; 2429, 2432, G. L.; 3513. B. BW]

f. &. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft.. 9th Aug. [No. 3536, R. B. W.]

g. Imm. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 20th Sept. [No. 549. RB. E. D.|

Adult male. Iris brown or dark brown ; bill black; feet grey or bluish-brown.

Adult female. Iris light or dark brown; bill black; feet grey or slate-colour.

Immature. Bill dusky (pale horn-colour in skin).

In the oldest male examples the back is deep black like the broad nuchal band with
which it is confluent, and the feathers of the rump and upper tail-coverts are mixed
with black and olive. In younger male examples the back is strongly washed with
olive and contrasts more or less sharply with the black nuchal band; the rump and
upper tail-coverts are olive.

[Vieillot’s Black-and-Yellow Weaver was not uncommon in the forest near
Fort Beni and was also met with in the Mpanga Forest. It has a very remarkable
double note, both soft and musical, like the striking of two or three glass finger-bowls
at the same time.—R. B. W.]

CINNAMOPTERYX MPANG Grant.

Cinnamopteryx mpange Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xxi. p. 15 (1907).

a. 6. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 20th Sept. [No. 3591. &. B. W.
Type of the species. |

This species is most nearly allied to C. tricolor (Hartl.), but the black on the head
is continued on to the nape and the yellow band across the upper mantle is much
narrower, being confined to three or four series of the shorter feathers, which are
merely tipped with yellow and have the blackish basal portion separated by a white
band. Iris dark brown; bill black; feet dark brown. ‘Total length ca. 6 inches ;
culmen 0:8; wing 3°5; tail 2°05; tarsus 0:9.

Since I described this Weaver I have recently examined three males of this species
procured by Mr. Jackson’s collectors in the Kibera Forest, Toro. Two agree in all
respects with the type, but in the third specimen the yellow band across the mantle
is rather wider, and in this respect approaches the West-African C. tricolor.

[A single example of this Chestnut Weaver was obtained in the Mpanga Forest,
east of Ruwenzori. It was one of a pair which had a nest suspended at the end of a
thin bough, about 60 ft. from the ground. The nest was about three parts finished by
the middle of September, when we moved our camp. Unfortunately we failed to

obtain the female.—R. B. W.]

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES.

Or

i)

HypHAnTorNIS DIMIDIATUS Antin. & Salvad.

Ploceus dimidiatus Reich. Vig. Afr. i. p. 69 (1904).
Hyphantornis dimidiatus Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 436 (1905).

a. 3. 40 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 27th Nov. [No. 2009. G. L.]

6. Imm. 100 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 7th Dec. [No. 2023. G. L.]

c,d. 3. 120 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 8th & 9th Dec. [Nos. 3044, 3048.
ewe VV

e-g. 2 et ¢ imm. Mubuku Valley, 8.E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 23rd—26th March.
[Nos. 1409, 1410, 1418. D. C.]

h-k. 3 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 5th April. [Nos. 2272, 2273,
2275. G. L.]

l-p. 3 2. Mokia, §8.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 4th-25th May. [Nos. 304, 370, 371.
he EDs: No2oe ee. onsl. i. B. W.|

Ga Oe Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 17th June. [No. 2407. G. L.]

r. d. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 22nd July. [No. 1742. D. C.]

Adult male and female. Iris brown or dark brown; bill black in male, lower
mandible brown in female; feet brown.

This Weaver was found breeding at Mokia on the 9th and the 25thof May. There
are full-plumaged males killed in November, December, April, May, and July. One
male specimen dated the 8th of December is in nearly full plumage, but still retains
some of the heavily black-striped feathers of the female plumage on the back, while
the underparts are mixed with buff feathers. Another male specimen killed on the
5th of April, as well as a specimen marked female (No. 3321) obtained on the 4th
of May (in full male plumage, vide supra), have black shaft-stripes to the feathers of
the mantle.

©

This species ranges from Wadelai in the north to South Ruwenzori in the south,
and extends eastwards to Entebbe. It is quite distinct from H. jacksoni Shelley,
which ranges from Arusha and Kilimanjaro to Lake Baringo and Entebbe. Captain
Shelley states that there are in the Jackson Collection specimens of H. jacksoni
procured at Butiaba, on Albert Nyanza; but this is certainly an error, as one of the
specimens in question, a full-plumaged male, is clearly referable to H. dimidiatus.
I have examined full-plumaged males of both species from Entebbe, where their
ranges meet.

The adult male of Z. jacksoni may be recognized by having the culmen nearly
straight, the black of the head continued on to the hind-neck, the mantle, like the
back of the neck, bright yellow, and the breast and belly deep chestnut.

In H. dimidiatus the culmen is curved; the black of the head does not extend

* Marked “9,” but with plumage like that of the adult male, except that the black on the occiput is
mottled with reddish-orange and the back is striped.

276 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

beyond the occiput and is divided from the olive-yellow mantle by a bright yellow
collar; the breast is orange-chestnut ; and the belly is mostly yellow, only the sides
and flanks being washed with orange-chestnut.

The female of //. jacksont is easily distinguished from the female off. dimidiatus,
as the following comparative table of characters will show :—

H. dimidiatus, 9. | H. jacksoni, 2.
General colour of the back and rump pale General colour of the back and rump olive, the
brown, the mantle streaked with black ; mantle streaked with black ; upper tail-

|
|
|
upper tail-coverts sandy-brown. | coverts bright olive-green.
|
|

Throat white; breast and sides of the body Throat and rest of the underparts pale yellow,
pale buff; middle of the belly and under slightly washed with buff on the sides of
tail-coverts whitish. the body and flanks.

[Antinori’s Black-headed Weaver was plentiful all round the south end of
Ruwenzori below 5000 ft. and at Fort Beni. It was generally seen singly or in
pairs.— Rk. B. W.]

The eggs of H. jacksont are figured from specimens in the Jackson Collection
(Pl. XIX. figs. 2, 4 (eggs)).

HYPHANTORNIS INTERMEDIUS (Riipp.).
Ploceus intermedius Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 72 (1904).
Hyphantornis intermedius Grant & Reid, Ibis, 1901, p. 622 (S. Abyssinia) ; Shelley, B. Afr. iv.
p- 401 (1905) [part. ].
a. 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 25th April. [No. 3273. R. B. W.]
ats One mers 39 x 10th-30th May. ([Nos. 396. R. E. D.;

d. d.
1586, 1602. D. C.; 2361, 2387. G. L.]
g. 2 imm. Mokia, $.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 18th June. [No. 470. R. £. D.]

Adult male. Iris white or cream-colour; bill black; feet grey or blue.

Adult female. Iris pale yellow or yellow; bill dark horn-colour or brown; feet
grey or slate-colour.

Immature. Iris dark brown; otherwise as in the female.

The Ruwenzori birds appear to be fairly typical examples of HH. intermedius, but
the type from Abyssinia has the nape and occiput rather more strongly washed with
brownish-orange. The nearly allied //. cabanisi Peters, the southern representative
of the present species, has the occiput and nape bright yellow and appears to be a
perfectly distinct form. Captain Shelley, who does not keep the two forms separate,
has followed the ‘Catalogue of Birds’ in referring certain specimens in the British
Museum from Lamu and Pangani to the southern form, 1. cabanisi, which he says
is found south of the Equator; but, in my opinion, they should really be referred to

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. abd

the northern form, H. intermedius. The only adult male procured by Mr. Pease at
Daira Aila, in Southern Abyssinia, is clearly referable to H. intermedius.

I have examined full-plumaged males of typical H. intermedius from Shoa, Southern
Abyssinia, Lamu, Pangani, and from South-east Ruwenzori; and of //. cabanisi from
Nyasaland, Matabele, Bamangwato, and Damaraland.

[The Intermediate Masked Weaver was only met with on the plains at the south-
east end of Ruwenzori.—k. B. W.]

HYPHANTORNIS FEMININA Grant.
Hyphantornis feminina Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xxi. p. 15 (1907).
a. 6. 30 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 26th Nov. [No. 2006. G. Z.]
b. 2. 40 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 27th Nov. [No. 3010. R. B. W.]
c. é. 80 miles W. of Entebbe, 3700 ft., 28th Nov. [No. 2010. G. L.\
dn. 6 2. Mokia, ee eae 3400 ft., 28th-30th April. [Nos. 256, 258.

ig. Ds 1464. DOP 2 296, 2301, 2 302, 2308. G. L.; 3294, 3296, 3297. Diplape M oN

o-z. & 2. Mokia, S.E. Rawensr 2400 ft., eae ce May. [Nos. 321, 322 *,
328, 827, 363. R. BE. D.: 2

y, 2 9. Molde som. i
HED |

The adult male does not appear to differ in any marked particular from typical
males of H. abyssinicus (Gmel.). Iris pink, red, orange, chestnut, or brown; bill
dark horn-colour or black; feet brown or flesh-colour. Total length 5:8 inches ;
culmen 0°85; wing 3°5; tail 2°05; tarsus 0:9.

The adult female differs from the female of H. abyssinicus (Gmel.), which has the
chin and throat yellow and the rest of the underparts buff, in having the underparts
mostly yellow, much as in H, cucullatus (Mill.). Freshly moulted females (April to
May) have the mantle and back washed with dull greenish-yellow, while in a winter
specimen (November) these parts are greyish-brown in strong contrast to the head
and nape, which are washed with yellow. ‘otal length 5:8 inches; culmen 0°85;
wing 3°16; tail 1:85; tarsus 0 87.

There are numerous examples of this form in the Jackson Collection from various

Sulifl «2390. G edn e Baio? 3356, 3370. R. B.W.]
vuwenzori, 3400 ft., 4th & 6th June. [Nos. 423, 434.

localities in Uganda.

[This large Weaver was plentiful on the plains at the south-eastern end of
Ruwenzori and also at Fort Beni. It was breeding in large colonies in the acacias
and hundreds of nests might be seen in a single tree—R. B. W.]

* Types of the species.

278 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

HypHANTORNIS XANTHOPS Hartl.
Ploceus xanthops Reich. Vog. Afr. 11. p. 88 (1904).
P. wv. jamesoni (Sharpe) and P. «. camburni (Sharpe); Reich. |. c. p. 90 (1904).
Xanthophilus xanthops Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 483 (1905) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 566 [Toro].
Hyphantornis wanthops Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 277 [Lakes Kivu and Tanganyika}.

a-d. 9 et ¢ 2 imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 14th—28th March.
[Nos. 216. R. #. D.; 2229, 2254. G. £.; 3219. R. B. W.]

e,f. ¢imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 4th & 5th April. [Nos. 2269,
2274. G. L.|

g. 3. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 18th May. [No. 2362. G. L.]

h,i. 6 imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 5th & 6th June. ([Nos. 428.
R. EF. D.; 3459. Rk. B. W.]

Adult male. Iris yellow; bill black ; feet brown.

Adult female. Iris cream-colour ; bill black ; feet flesh-colour or brown.

Immature. Iris grey or dark brown; bill yellow (dark at the base) ; feet brown or
slate-colour.

Dr. Reichenow regards 7. camburni Sharpe and H. jamesoni Sharpe as subspecies
of H. xanthops. There can, however, be no doubt that the type of H. camburni,
from the Nairobi Forest, isa quite young male example of H. xanthops; while the type
of H. jamesoni, from the Umvuli River, is a nearly adult male of the same species,
but with less yellow on the head. Captain Shelley has very properly united all under
H. xanthops, but at the same time he maintains that the southern form from south
of the Zambesi (7. jamesoni) is a greener bird, while that found to the north is brighter
and yellower (H. aurantiigula Cab. and H. camburni). ‘The series in the British Museum
seems, however, to show that birds from the south when fully adult are almost, if not
quite, as bright as examples from the more northern parts of this bird’s range. Of two
male birds collected by Mr. Carruthers at Lakes Kivu and Tanganyika respectively,
that from the former and more northern locality has the back greener and the crown
much less brilliant, the difference being no doubt entirely due to age.

[A few examples of Hartlaub’s Golden Weaver were seen on the plains on the east

side of Ruwenzori—R. B. W.|

HYPHANTORNIS CasTANOPS (Shelley).
Ploceus castanops Reich. Vég. Afr. iii. p. 96 (1904).
Xanthophilus castanops Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 471 (1905).
a,b. 6 2. Fort Portal, 3500 ft., 5th July. [Nos. 3499, 3500. &. B. W.]
Iris very pale yellow; bill black ; feet brown.
The male, a very fine specimen, has the lores and chin black, and, in this respect,
differs slightly from any of the specimens in the British Museum or in the Jackson

Collection.

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 279

[A few exampies of the Nile Brown-throated Weaver were seen at Fort Portal.
They were breeding in July; their nests, rather small in size and almost perfectly
round, were composed of fine strips of grass and creepers not very compactly woven
together. There were five or six nests hanging from the boughs of a small tree, but
only one pair of birds appeared to inhabit the tree—R. B. W.]

HYPHANTORNIS SUPERCILIOSUS (Shelley).
Ploceus superciliosus Reich. Vog. Afr. iit. p. 96 (1904).
Pachyphantes superciliosus Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 448 (1905).
d.
a-e. 6 2. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 22nd July. [Nos. 490. R. E. D.;

1741. D. C.; 2422, 2423, 2494. G. LJ

Iris brown or dark brown ; upper mandible black, lower mandible grey ; feet brown.

When volume xii. of the ‘Catalogue of the Birds’ was written the series of
examples of this species in the British Museum included only West-African specimens,
which ranged from the Gold Coast to the Loango Coast and northwards to Shonga on
the River Niger. The species is known, however, to occur in Liberia and to extend
eastwards to the Lakes. There are four examples in the Jackson Collection from
Lewekala, in Uganda, killed in the month of August, and these, like the July specimens
in the present collection, are in full or nearly full breeding-plumage.

|The Compact Weaver was only met with in the neighbourhood of Fort Beni, where
it was not uncommon.—R. B. W.]

SITAGRA ALIENA Sharpe. (Plate XIX. fig. 18, egg.)
Sitagra aliena Sharpe, Bull. B.O.C. xii. p. 21 (1902); Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 565
[Ruwenzori].
Ploceus alienus Reich. Vig. Afr. iti. p. 68 (1904).
Hyphanturgus alienus Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 392, pl. xxxix. fig. 2 (1905).
a-h. $ 2 et ¢ 2 imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-7000 ft., 5th-20th Jan.

[Nos. 65, 68, 81, 86, 117. R. E. D.; 1103, 1116, 1139. D. C1]

t7,k. ¢ 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6500-7000 ft, 6th & 11th Feb.
[Nos. 2145, 2154. G. Z.]

l-s. 6 2 et ¢ 2imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000-9000 ft., Sth—26th

March. [Nos. 194. R. #. D.; 1369, 1370. D.C; 2215, 2244, 2245, 2249. G. L.;
3235. R. B. W.|

Iris red or dark red; bill black; feet brown, blue-grey, or slate-colour.

A fine series of this handsome Weaver was collected in all stages of plumage from
the quite young bird to the fully adult. Descriptions of some of these plumages will

280 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

be found in Captain Shelley’s work, but they require modification, being partly based
on assumption.

Seven adult males have the entire head and throat black, the latter bordered by a
wide chestnut area. .

Six adult females have the chin and upper part of the throat black and the lower
part of the throat deep chestnut, like the surrounding area.

Two skins marked ¢, one in the Jackson Collection and the other (No. 117)
procured by Mr. Dent, have the throat like that of the adult females described above,
the black feathers not extending beyond the upper part of the throat. Mr. Dent notes
that his specimen was “ breeding,” and though it is difficult to believe that so careful a
collector can have made a mistake, it seems probable that he has accidentally marked
“*¢”’ on the label where he meant to mark “ @ .”

An apparently fully adult female shot by Mr. Legge (no. 2244) has only the chin
black, the whole throat being chestnut.

Five specimens (two males and three females) are in partially immature plumage,
with the base of the under mandible whitish and with many of the feathers of the head
and throat olive, like the back. The black feathers on the throat are confined to the
upper part in males and females alike.

In a younger female the entire head and throat are olive-colour, the feathers of the
upper chest being tinged with orange, indicating the position of the chestnut area.

In a still younger male the middle of the breast and belly is white tinged with
buff and mixed with a few yellow feathers on the sides.

The nest found on the 23rd of January contained two eggs, of a long oval shape
and devoid of gloss. ‘The ground-colour is creamy-white thickly speckled with brick-
red and with a few underlying spots of dull lavender-grey. ‘They measure respectively
‘93 by -58 and *88 by °59.

[The Alien Weaver was found on Ruwenzori from an elevation of 5500 ft. up to
8500, frequenting both the forest and the more open country below. A nest found at
an altitude of 6000 ft. was suspended from the end of a bough, about 10 ft. above the
ground, and was composed almost entirely of the thin tendrils of creepers with a few
fine strips from blades of grass.—R. B. W.]

SITAGRA OCULARIA (Smith).

Ploceus ocularius p. 45 and P. 0. crocatus (Hartl.) p. 46, Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. (1904).
Hyphanturgus ocularius Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 385 (1905).

a,6. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 29th & 31st Dec. [Nos. 1075.

d.
D. C.; 2036. G. L.]
c,d. g et 2imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000-6000 ft., 3rd & 7th April.
[Nos. 2266, 2280. G. L.]

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 281

ei. 6 2 et ¢ Qimm. Mokia,S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 5th-29th May. [Nos. 301,

385. 3910 Rh. Be De lols, 0. C. : 3904. Tey Be Wall

k. 3. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 24th July. [No. 496. R. HE. D.]

Adult male. Tris varies from pale yellow to dark brown; bill black; feet pink, grey,
or slate-colour,

Adult female. Iris white or cream-colour; bill black; feet slate- or blue-grey.

According to Dr. Reichenow the bird from Equatorial and East Africa, as far south
as Nyasaland, &c., belongs to a rather smaller and more richly coloured race, which
has been named S. crocata (Hartlaub). I have compared typical examples of this
form from Equatorial Africa with the type of S. ocularia (Smith) and with a series of
specimens from Natal and other parts of South Africa, and am unable to see any
difference in plumage, though the bill of the southern form is, on the whole, slightly
longer, but the difference is trifling. The male (/) from Fort Beni killed on the 24th
of July is marked “breeding” by Mr. Dent.

[This Spectacled Weaver was seen occasionally on the plains around Ruwenzori, both
on the east and west sides, but it was not very numerous. It frequented chiefly the
dense and tangled vegetation along the streams.— R. B. W.]

SITAGRA PELZELNI (Hartl.).

Icteropsis pelzelni Jackson, Ibis, 1899, p. 610 (Entebbe); Hartert, Nov. Zool. vii. p. 40 (1900)
(Lake Edward); Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 566 (Toro).

Ploceus pelzelni Reich. Vog, Afr. il. p. 75 (1904).

Sitagra pelzelni Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 394 (1905).

a-c. 6. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 17th—28th June. [Nos. 1641, 1684, 1705. D. C.]

Adulé male. Iris dark hazel or pale yellow; bill black; feet dark mauve, dark grey,
or brown.

These birds are in worn plumage and rather dull in colour, especially on the
underparts.

[ Pelzeln’s Slender-billed Weaver was only seen near the south end of Ruwenzori,
where it was very rare.—. B. W.|

SITAGRA LUTEOLA (Licht.).
Ploceus luteolus Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 76 (1904).
Sitagra luteola Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 397 (1905); Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 565 [Toro].
a,b. 6%. 100 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 6th Dec. [Nos. 3030, 3031.
its Bs, W «|
c. éimm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 9th May. [No. 3340. Rk. B. W.)
The adult male in the present collection differs somewhat from all the adult male
VOL. XIX.—PaRT 1v. No. 38.—WMarch, 1910. 2Q

282 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

specimens of S. dwteola in the British Museum in having the black extending somewhat
further back over the crown, about 3 mm. behind the posterior margin of the eye
while the mantle and back have rather distinct dusky streaks. Specimens in the
Jackson Collection from ‘Toro agree with the Entebbe bird in the latter respect, but
as regards the extent of black on the head they resemble typical S. duteola. It must
be noted that all the specimens in the British Museum bearing dates were killed
during the summer months between May and July, while both the birds from Entebbe
in the present collection and those in the Jackson Collection from Toro were obtained
in winter, in December and March respectively, so that the striped back may be, and
probably is, characteristic of the winter plumage.

[Lichtenstein’s Slender-billed Weaver was seen, very occasionally, on the eastern
side of Ruwenzori below an altitude of 5500 ft., also at Entebbe.—R. B. W.]

AMBLYOSPIZA MELANONOTA (Heugl.). (Plate XIX. figs. 15 & 16, eggs.)

Amblyospiza melanotus Reich. Vég. Afr. iti. p. 100 (1904) ; Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 307 (1905).
Amblyospiza melanonota Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 567 [Toro].

a. 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 28th April. [No. 3288. 2. B. W.]

Ub eh DS 69 5 e 3rd & 22nd May. [Nos. 1486. D. C.;
2382, 2383. G. L.]

é, f. 2. Mokia, 8.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 16th June. [Nos. 466, 467. R. H. D.}

g. 6 imm. Butagu Valley, W. Ruwenzori, 4000 ft., 28th July. [No. 2439. G. L.|

Adult. Iris dark brown; bill black (in the male); upper mandible olive, lower
yellow (in the female) ; feet dark grey or black.

The male specimens have the head, neck, mantle, and chest very dark chestnut,
darker than in the majority of specimens from Uganda and from the White Nile; one
of Mr. Jackson’s specimens from Entebbe, Uganda, is, however, equally dark in
colouring.

The birds procured at South-east Ruwenzori in May were breeding, and one female
(No. 2382) is marked as having been shot off the nest.

Two clutches of eggs were procured on the 17th and 22nd of May. They are of a
rather long oval form and slightly glossy. One set of three eggs has the ground-colour
pale pinkish-white, spotted, especially towards the larger end, with maroon-red.
The second set of two eggs has the ground-colour pale red, marked with darker spots
of the same colour. They measure from 85 to ‘95 in. in length and from *58 to °6 in
breadth.

[Only a few examples of Heuglin’s Grosbeak-Weaver were met with on the plains at
the south-east of Ruwenzori, but on the west between Fort Beni and the foot of the
mountains they were quite numerous. When flying they much resembled the Common
Hawfinch. ‘They frequented the tall reeds along the streams, but only such streams as

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 285

were among or near trees. The nest of this species is, I think, the most compact and
beautiful built by any of the Weavers ; it is attached to two tall reeds and is composed
of very fine strips of grass or reed-leaf. Both birds take part in its construction, and a
nest we had under observation took about fourteen days to complete.—F. B. W.]

SPERMOSPIZA POLIOGENYS Grant. (Plate X. fig. 2, 2.)
Spermospiza poliogenys Grant, Bull. B.O.C. xix. p. 32 (1906); id. Ibis, 1908, p. 278
[ Kasongo, Upper Congo]. :
a. 2. 20 miles N. of Fort Beni, Semliki Valley,.3000 ft., 11th Aug. [No. 1770.
D.C. Type of the species. |

The female is similar to the adult female of S. guttata (Vieill.), but the cheeks aa
sides of the face are dark grey like the crown; some of the feathers on each side of
the breast are tipped with scarlet and form an indistinct patch.

Iris dark brown; bill red and black; feet dark brown. Total length 5:3 inches ;
wing 2°8; tail 2:0; tarsus 0°88.

A single adult female specimen was procured by Mr. Douglas Carruthers in the
thick forest. A second less mature female example of the same species was procured
by the same collector on the Upper Congo on the 7th February, during his return
journey to the West Coast.

[A single specimen of the Grey-cheeked Weaver-Finch was obtained in the Eturi
Forest between Fort Beni and Irumu.—A. B. W.]

PYRENESTES OSTRINUS (Vieill.).
Pyrenestes ostrinus Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 106 (1904) [part.]; Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 284
(1905).
a. ¢. Mawambi, E. Congo Forest, 3000 ft., 27th Oct. [No. 3643. FR. B. W.]

Iris chocolate-colour ; bill dark bluish-grey ; feet light brown.

The size of the bill appears to vary greatly in the males of this species. In the
present specimen it is moderately developed, while in two examples in the British
Museum, from Gaboon and Tingasi respectively, it is very large and strong.

[Vieillot’s Notch-billed Weaver was occasionally seen in the E. Congo Forest.—
ee We)

QUELEA QUELEa (Linn.).
Quelea quelea Sharpe, Cat. Birds B. M. xiii. p. 257, pl. x. fig. 3 (1890) ; Shelley, B. Afr. iv.
p. 111 (1905). |
Quelea intermedia (Reich.) ; Sharpe, Cat. Birds B. M. xiii. p. 259, pl. x. fig. 4 (1890).
Quelea sanguinirostris Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 108 (1904).
Quelea sanguinirostris lathami Reich, t.e, p. 110 (1904).

bo
2)
bo

284 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

a-d. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 19th-22nd March. [Nos. 217.
a.
R, FE. D.; 1384. D. C.; 2219, 22381. G. L.]

e-g. 3%. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 4th-19th June. [Nosu427. RB. E. D.;
1627, 1650. D. C.]

h,i. 6. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft. 22nd & 24th July. [Nos. 489,
495, R. E. D.|

Adult male and female. Iris varies from hazel to dark brown; eyelids red ; bill
coral-red ; feet vary from rose or pink to yellowish-brown or brown.

Adult males (a-d) of the Black-fronted Dioch, all killed in March and some of them
marked “breeding,” vary greatly in colour ; in some the crown and chest are rosy, while
in others these parts are sandy buff. Again, in some specimens there is a strongly-
marked black band across the forehead, while in others it is narrow and ill-defined.

QUELEA CARDINALIS (Hartl.).
Quelea cardinalis Reich. Vog. Afr. iil. p. 112 (1904) ; Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 119 (1905) ;
Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 270 [Lake Tanganyika ].
a.[{¢ imm.] 60 miles W. of Entebbe, 3700 ft., 29th Nov. [No. 3017. R. B. W.|

Iris dark brown ; bill and feet brown.
(The Cardinal Dioch was only procured near Entebbe.— Lf. B. W.|

PYROMELANA ANSORGEL Hartert.

Pyromelana ansorgei Uartert, in Ansorge, Under Afr. Sun, App. p. 344, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1899) ;
Reich. Vég. Afr. iii. p. 117 (1904) ; Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 102 (1905) ; Neumann, Bull.
B.O.C. xxiii. p. 47 (1908).

Pyromelana xanthochlamys Sharpe, Bull. B.O.C. xiii. p. 10 (1903).

Penthetria hartlaubi Cab. and Coliuspasser dubiosus Neumann, Bull. B.O.C. xxiii. p. 47 (1908).

a—-c. ¢6 2 imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 14th-19th March.
[Nos. 1381, 1382. D. C.; 2194. G. L.]

d. ¢. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 22nd July. [No. 488. R. #. D.]

Adult male. Iris dark brown; bill and feet black.

Immature male and female. Iris dark brown; upper mandible black, lower brown,
whitish towards the base; feet dark brown.

I have compared the adult male in the present collection with the type-specimen of
P. ansorgei Hartert from Masindi, Unyoro, and also with the type of P. xantho-
chlamys Sharpe from Hoima, Unyoro (not Ruwenzori, as stated by Captain Shelley).
There can be no doubt that all three specimens belong to the same species.
Mr. Alexander also procured a specimen at Gudima, on the Kibali River. All the
four specimens mentioned above are males in full breeding-plumage ; the adult female

is still unknown.

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 285

Prof. Neumann has shown that Penthetria hartlaubi Cab. and Coliuspasser dubiosus
Neumann are males of this species in winter-plumage.

Three immature birds (a—-c) procured in the Mubuku Valley are almost certainly
referable to the present species; they have black under wing-coverts as in the adult
male and generally resemble that bird, especially as regards the size and shape of
the bill.

The immature female may be described as follows :—

Top of the head and upperparts black, each feather margined on the sides with
sandy-buff, the margins being narrowest on the feathers of the forehead ; superciliary
stripe and sides of the neck mostly buff; cheeks mottled black and buff ; underparts
buff, whitish on the middle of the belly, the chest and sides of the breast being
darkest, each feather with a small subterminal triangular black spot at the extremity ;
upper wing-coverts, quills, and tail-feathers black, margined with sandy-buff; under
wing-coverts black: wing 2°8 inches; tail 2°0.

The immature male resembles the above, but is somewhat larger and the chest is
marked with brighter yellowish-buff: wing 3:0 inches ; tail 2°15.

[A few examples of Ansorge’s Bishop-bird were seen near Fort Beni in the Semliki
Valley. The male procured was breeding.—R. B. W.|

PYROMELANA FLAMMICEPS (Swains. ).
Pyromelana flammiceps Reich. Vég. Afr. iii. p. 118 (1904) ; Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 104 (1905) ;
Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 561 [Toro]; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 269 [Lake Tanganyika and
Kasongo ].

a. 6. Lower Semliki Valley, 2500 ft., 11th Oct. [No. 564. Rk. E. D.|

Tris dark brown ; bill black ; feet flesh-colour.

This specimen of the Fire-crowned Bishop-bird is in worn breeding-dress, and has a
few feathers of the winter-plumage beginning to make their appearance on the throat.
It is an interesting specimen, having a distinct black band 3 mm. in width above
the base of the culmen.

There is a perfectly similar specimen in the British Museum procured by Sir H.
H. Johnston at Nandi; and out of four specimens sent by Emin from Tingasi, two
have a well-marked narrow black band across the forehead, one has a narrow line of
black feathers, while the fourth has the forehead orange-scarlet to the base of
the culmen.

I have examined a large series of males in breeding-plumage and make the
following notes :—

13 adult males from Sierra Leone. Mostly with a single row of black feathers at the base of the
culmen; the remaining specimens have the forehead orange-scarlet to
the base of the culmen.

8 Bs 5S Gold Coast. As above.

286 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

2 adult males from Niger district. With a narrow line of black feathers.
2 56 3 Landana. With some black feathers.

2 s iy Lower Congo. One specimen with a narrow line of black feathers and
one without. -

1 a a Benguela. With two rows of black feathers.

8 3 > Nyasaland. Some with black feathers, others without.

] ec = Zanzibar. With one line of black feathers.

| es . Pangani. Without any black feathers.

| ss A Malinda. As above.

2 5 - Mombasa. With a single row of black feathers.

2 33 55 Abyssinia. With two rows of black feathers.

4 tn 5 Tingasi. Two specimens with a narrow black band across the base of the

culmen, one with a single line of black feathers, and one without
any black.

oe 5 Nandi. With a well-marked black band.

” ip Lower Semliki River. As above.

It is thus evident that the black band across the forehead, when present, is most
developed in birds from Equatorial Africa, but since specimens both with and without
a black band occur in the same locality, it is obviously a character of little importance.

PYROMELANA NIGRIFRONS Bohm.
Pyromelana nigrifrons Hartert, Nov. Zool. vii. p. 41 (1900) [Toro; Fort George, Lake
Edward]; Reich. Vog. Afr. il. p. 122 (1904).
Pyromelana sundevalli Shelley (nec Bonap.), B. Afr. iv. p. 98 (1905); Grant, Ibis, 1908,
p- 268 [Lake Tanganyika and Kasongo ].
a. ¢ imm. 120 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 8th Dec. [No. 39. R. E. D.]
b. 2imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 19th March. [No. 1338. D. C.]
c-e. 6. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 25th-28th April. [Nos. 1431, 1432. D. C.;
2299. G. L.] a.
f-k. 3. Mokia, 8.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., lst-15th May. [Nos. 1472, 1473, 1474,

1564. D. C.; 2339. @. L.]

Adult male. Iris dark hazel or dark brown; bill black; feet brown or light brown.

Adult female. Iris dark brown ; bill and feet brown.

In male specimens in breeding-plumage the amount of black on the chin varies
greatly ; in some specimens there is only a trace of it, while in others the whole chin
is conspicuously black. In examples procured from §.E. Ruwenzori the mantle varies
from uniform cinnamon slightly washed with red to cinnamon washed with scarlet
and laterally streaked with black.

It would appear that the specimens procured by Doggett and referred by me to
P. wertheri Reichenow (ef. ‘Ibis,’ 1905, p. 207) are merely paler-backed forms of

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 287

P. nigrifrons. The true P. werthert from the Wembere Steppes is said to have the
black on the forehead extending backwards to the crown, as in the South African
P. oryx, whereas both the specimens of P. nigrifrons from Ruwenzori and the birds
referred by me to P. wertheri have the black on the forehead less developed and not
extending beyond the eye.

[The Red Bishop-bird was not uncommon among the reeds along the streams
intersecting the plains at the south end of Ruwenzori.—. B. W.|

PYROMELANA FRANCISCANA (Isert).
Pyromelana franciscana Sharpe, Ibis, 1902, p. 119; Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 122 (1904) ;
Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 90 (1905).
Pyromelana franciscana pusilla Wartert, Bull. B.O.C. xi. p. 71 (1901).
a. 3. Lower Semliki Valley, 2000 ft., 10th Oct. [No. 561. R. E. D.]

Iris dark brown; bill black ; feet flesh-colour.

A fine adult male of the Red-throated Bishop-bird in the present collection has a
wing measuring 61 mm. Dr. Hartert has separated the form found at Lake Stephanie
under the name P. f. pusilia, on account of its supposed smaller size (wing 60 to
63 mm.), but I agree with Dr. Sharpe and others in regarding it as synonymous with
P. franciscana.

[A few were seen on the Semliki River near the north end of Ruwenzori. ‘The male
procured was breeding.—k. B. W.]

PYROMELANA XANTHOMELAS (Riipp.).
Euplectes xanthomelas Reich. Vig. Afr. i. p. 128 (1904).
Pyromelana xanthomelas Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 76 (1905); Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 268
[Mufumbiro, Lakes Kivu and Tanganyika].
a. 6. Luimi Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., Ist Oct. [No. 3620. R. B. W.]
b. ¢. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 14th March. [No. 2193. G@. L.|
The male example of Riippell’s Black-and-Yellow Bishop-bird killed in October is
beginning to assume winter-plumage, while that killed in March is in full winter-
plumage. Both are rather smaller than Abyssinian specimens and have a wing

measuring 2°85 inches (72 mm.).
[A few were seen on the north-east slopes of Ruwenzori, below 6000 ft., but the

species was very uncommon.—R. B. W.}

PYROMELANA CRASSIROSTRIS Grant. (Plate X. fig. 3, [ ¢ J.)
Pyromelana crassirostris Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xxi. p. 14 (1907).
a.{¢.| North end of Ruwenzori, 3500 ft., 19th Aug. [No. 2462. G. L. Type
of the species. |

288 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

This species is most nearly allied to P. phenicomera G. R. Gray, but is smaller; the
bill is shorter, stouter, and deeper, its length being 16 mm., and the depth of the upper
mandible at the gape 7 mm. (whereas in P. phenicomera it measures only 53 mm.) ;
the yellow shoulder-patch is much less extensive and is not continued over the
scapulars. Iris dark brown; bill dusky; feet brown. Total length ca. 5:0 inches;
wing 2°55; tail 1:95; tarsus 0°82.

[The only known example of the Thick-billed Bishop-bird was procured by
Mr. Gerald Legge on the northern slopes of Ruwenzori, below 4000 ft.—R. B. W.]

URoBracuyA PH@NICEA (Heugl.).
Urobrachya phenicea Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 180 (1904) ; Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 65 (1905) ;
Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 269 | Mufumbiro ]. x

a-e. d et d imm. 120 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 8th & 9th Dec. [Nos. 3041,
3042, 3048, 8049, 3050. R. B. W.]

f. 6. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 16th Sept. [No. 3575. R. B. W.]

g. 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 17th May. [No. 1577. D. C.]

h. @. Hf - is 15th June. [No. 2402. G. L.]

i. 6. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 20th July. [No. 483. R. E. D.]

k,l. ¢ 2. 60 miles N. of Fort Beni, 3500 ft., 16th Aug. [Nos. 1787, 1788. D. C.]

Adult male. Iris dark brown or dark hazel; bill light grey or bluish-white; feet
dark brown or black.

Adult female. Iris dark brown or dark hazel ; bill brown or horn-colour; feet brown
or light brown.

The adult males shot in July, August, and September are in full breeding-plumage.

Three of the adult birds collected on the 8th and 9th of December have nearly
assumed their winter dress, while the fourth is still in the black breeding-plumage.

The two females (Nos. 1577 and 2402) have the lesser wing-coverts conspicuously
margined with dark orange, forming a well-marked patch on the shoulder; No. 1788
has the lesser wing-coverts rather inconspicuously margined with yellowish. All three
birds appear to be perfectly adult, and No. 1577 is marked “breeding” by Mr. D.
Jarruthers. The pale-shouldered specimen (No. 1788) was one of a pair (of which
the male, No. 1787, is in perfect breeding-plumage) and is in worn plumage. Possibly
the orange shoulder-patch is not assumed till after the second moult.

[Heuglin’s Fan-tailed Whydah was seen throughout the journey from Victoria Nyanza
to the Congo Forest, but was not met with on Ruwenzori above an altitude of

5000 f.—R. B. W.]

COLIUSPASSER ARDENS (Bodd.).

Penthetria ardens Jackson, Ibis, 1899, p. 598 [Entebbe]; 1906, p. 560 [Toro].
Coliuspasser ardens Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 185 (1904); Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 40 (1905).

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 289

a.[¢*]imm. 100 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 6th Dec. [No. 2020. G. L.|

d.
b. Imm. 120 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 8th Dec. [No. 40. R. E. D.|
c-l. ¢ 2 et 6 imm. Mubuku Valley, E. cet a ft., Ist & 28th March.

d. d.
ENos17 7%, 213; 22ehowee Do 1406, 1407, 1419; 1420, 1421. DSC. 2258. G. Ls.)
m,n. 6. M ace S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400-4000 ft., 8th May & 22nd June. “Tos. 1522

1668, D. C]
Adult male (in breeding-dress). Iris dark brown or dark hazel ; bill and feet black.
Adult female. Iris dark hazel; bill and feet brown.
Young males and females. lris brown, dark brown, or dark hazel; bill and feet
brown.

[The Red-collared Whydah was not found on Ruwenzori above 5000 ft.—R. B. W.|

Var. CoLIUSPASSER CONCOLOR (Cass. ).

Coliuspasser concolor Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 154 (1904) ; Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 44 (1905).

a. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 28th March. [No. 2256. G. L.]

Tris dark brown; bill black; feet dark brown.

There can be very little doubt that the Black Whydah is merely a melanistic form
of C. ardens in which the scarlet or orange band across the chest, characteristic of the
typical form, is wanting. There are four male specimens of so-called C. concolor in
the British Museum and two in the Jackson Collection. Of these, four show no trace
of a pectoral band, but in two specimens it is very faintly indicated. These inter-
mediate forms are considered by Captain Shelley to be hybrids between C. ardens and
{. concolor, but the fact that the black form is found in widely scattered localities
along with typical specimens of C. ardens seems to indicate that it is merely a colour-
variety of that bird.

|Cassin’s Black Whydah was only met with on the plains below the mountains.—

R. BW]

COLIUSPASSER SOROR (Reichenow).
Coliuspasser soror Reich. Vég. Afr. iii. p. 138 (1904) ; Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 53, pl. 29. fig. 2
(1905).
a. 6. 120 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 9th Dec. [No. 44. R. E. D.]
Iris dark brown; bill and feet black.
A male of Reichenow’s Yellow-shouldered Whydah assuming winter dress. The
species was not met with on Ruwenzori.

* Marked 2 by Mr. Legge.
VOL. XIX.—PART Iv. No. 39.—Warch, 1910.

bo
t=°]

290 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

COLIUSPASSER EQUES (Hartl.).
Penthetriu eques Hartert, Nov. Zool, vii. p. 41 (1900) [Holulu R., Semliki] ; Jackson, Ibis,
1906, p. 561.
Coliuspasser eques Reich. Vig. Afr. ili. p. 141 (1904) ; Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 45 (1905).
a. 6. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 26th April. [No. 1437. D. C.]

(PRD AL. Fy “A a Ist & 22nd May. [ No. 2312, 2384. G. L.]
d. 6 imm. ,, Pe a 12th June. [No. 1624. D. C.]

Adult male. Ivis dark brown or dark hazel; bill blue or blue-grey; feet black.

Adult female. Iris, bill, and feet brown.

The specimen (No. 2312) killed on the Ist of May, and said to have been a breeding-
bird, still retains some of the feathers of the winter-plumage.

[Speke’s White-winged Whydah was plentiful on the plains around the south end
of Ruwenzori, but was not met with on the mountains.—#. B. W.|

SPERMESTES CUCULLATUS Swains.

Spermestes cucullatus Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 149 (1904) ; Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 167 (1905).
a. 6. 80 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., lst Dec. [No. 1024. D. C.]
b-h. ¢ 2 et ¢ Qimm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5500-6000 ft., 8th—21st Feb.

a. d. a.
[Nos. 148, 149. R. £. D.; 1242, 1248, 1244, 1245, 1246. D. C.]
i-y. 6 2 et ¢ Qimm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5500-7000 ft., 4th-21st

d. d. d. d, d.
March, [Nos. 186, 201. R. E. D.; 1336, 1337, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1355, 1356, 1365,

1393, 1304, 1308. D. C. 3201, 3232, 3234. R. BW]

Adult male and female. Iris dark brown or dark hazel; upper mandibles black,
lower blue-grey ; feet dark brown or blackish.

[Swainson’s Bronze Mannikin was found on Ruwenzori up to an altitude of 7000 ft.
it was not met with there during the months of December and January, but between
February and April, when the millet was ripe, it appeared in great numbers, usually
in small flocks of from ten to twenty individuals.— AR. B. W.|

SPERMESTES POENSIS (Fraser).
Spermestes poensis Reich. Vég. Afr. it. p. 152 (1904) ; Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 164 (1905) ;
Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 271 [Upper Congo].
Spermestes poensis stigmatophora Reich. t. c. p. 153 (1904).
Spermestes stigmatophorus Hartert, Nov. Zool. vii. p. 41 (1900) [Ituri Forest] ; Jackson, Ibis,
19066, p. 562.
a. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 3lst Jan. [No. 135. R. £. D.]

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 291

b-m. ¢ 2 et 6 Qimm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-7000 ft., 6th—23rd

March. [Nos. 1299, 1300, 1328, 1341, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1389, L415. D. C.; 3215,
3231. R. B. W.]

n,0. ¢ 2. Mawambi, E. Congo Forest, 2500 ft., 30th Oct. [Nos. 576, 5
R. E. DJ

Adult male and female. Iris dark brown or dark hazel; bill blue-grey or slate-
colour; feet dark brown or black.

According to Dr. Reichenow, these birds should be separated from typical S. poensis
under the name S, p. stigmatophora Reichenow, but I agree with Captain Shelley and
consider that it is not possible to recognize more than one form. Specimens from
Fernando Po, Cameroon, &c. are precisely similar to those collected by the present
expedition.

[The Southern Black-and-White Mannikin was met with on Ruwenzori up to an
altitude of about 6500 ft., where the forest commences. It was not seen during the
months of December and January, but was numerous from February till April.—

RB. Wi

PYTELIA BELLI Grant. (Plate XI. fig. 4, ¢.)
Pytilia melba Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 163 (1904) [part.].
Pytelia melba Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 273 (1905) [ part. ].
Pytelia belli Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xxi. p. 14 (1907) [S.E. Ruwenzori]; id. Ibis, 1908, p. 274
[| N.W. of Lake Tanganyika].
a-c. 6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 25th-30th April. [Nos. 1460. D. C.;
3272, 3282. R. B. W.]| ate
d-n. 3 2. Mokia,S. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 2nd— es ae [Nos. 291, 305, 377*

Rk. E. D.; 1476, 1564, 1581, 1589 DC: 2340, 2347, 2 TG, 2a.)
0, p. 6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 26th aon cae 1692, 1693. D. C.]

The male of this species differs from the male of P. melba (Linn.), which it
resembles in the darker markings of the breast and belly, in having the grey of the
cheek extending beneath the eye to the lores; and the red of the throat continued
over the greater part of the chest, of which only the base is yellow. Iris reddish-
brown; bill red; feet brown. Total length ca. 4:8 inches; wing 2:2; tail 1:95;
tarsus 0:7.

The female has the breast darker grey than in the female of P. melda and the
markings of the underparts, especially on the sides and flanks, darker. Iris hazel or

* Types of the species.

292 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

reddish-brown ; upper mandible black, lower pink, reddish-brown or dull red; feet
brown. Total length ca. 46 inches; wing 2°25; tail 1:9; tarsus 0°65.

The under tail-coverts in the ten adult males of P. belli display great variation, and
we find every intermediate stage between birds in which these feathers are uniform buff
and those in which they are strongly marked with transverse bars of black. Mr. D.
Carruthers procured a male of this form from the north-western shore of Lake Tan-
eanyika, 3000 ft., in which the bars on the under tail-coverts are fairly well marked.
‘There are also male examples in Mr. Jackson’s collection from Kibwesi, in Ukamba,
and Lake Albert, and there is a specimen in the British Museum procured by Emin
at Kibiro on Lake Albert.

‘This species is easily distinguished from the two nearly allied forms, viz.: P. melba
(Linn.) from South Africa, and P. soudanensis Sharpe (=P. affinis Elliot), which ranges
from the White Nile to Lado and through Somaliland as far south as Lamu. It
is more distantly related to P. jessei Shelley, which inhabits Northern Abyssinia, and
to P. citerior Strickl., which ranges from the White Nile into Senegambia.

As the key given by Captain Shelley [cf Bull. B. O. C, xiii. p. 76 (1903)] for that
section of the genus Pyfelia which includes P. melba and its nearest allies does not
seem satisfactory and does not include P. belli, I append the following :-—

1. Chest orange-yellow ; some red on the head.
a. Feathers of the upper breast blackish, conspicuously marked with
twin-spots of white ; upper tail-coverts dull crimson ; lower part of
the chest dull orange-yellow.
a’. Scarlet of throat not extending over the chest.
a. Sides and flanks more or less ocellated with white like the
breast, and not conspicuously barred ; under tail-coverts
WITHOUGGMANSVETSe bars! | .. (. nee 0. of) CmmmeamelucE.
b*. Sides and flanks conspicuously and widely barred with black
and white; under tail-coverts with indistinct dusky bars . . P. soudanensis ¢.
+’. Scarlet of throat extending over the greater part of the chest, only
the base of which is dull orange-yellow . . . . ... . . P.belig.
+. Feathers of the upper breast with narrow dark markings forming
either cross-bars or imperfect ocelli; upper tail-coverts bright
scarlet ; chest bright orange-yellow.
6’. Feathers of the breast and flanks with narrow black bars . . . P. citerior g.

1

c', Feathers of the breast and flanks more or less ocellated . . . . P.jessei 3.

(A good many examples of Bell’s Pytelia were met with in the acacia-forest
on the plains around the south end of Ruwenzori. <A nest was found placed in a
low acacia-bush about 18 inches from the ground. It was domed and composed

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 295

of fine grass and the down of some flower; the entrance was a small hole on one side
close to the top. Unfortunately one of the birds was shot before any eggs had been

laid.— R. B. W.]

Nigrita FuscoNnota Fraser.
Nigrita fusconota Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 168 (1904); Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 138 (1905).
a. @. 10 miles N.W. of Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 0th Aug. [No. 500.
eH), |

Iris dark brown ; bill and feet black.

This bird, which was shot in a forest-clearing, was breeding. It has the under-
parts somewhat greyer than in most of the specimens in the British Museum from
I’ernando Po, Cameroon, &c., but one male specimen from Cameroon is similar in this
respect. As regards the colour of the upperparts, the back is of a rather darker
shade of brown than is to be found in any of the birds before us.

Nierita Luremrons Verreaux.
Nigrita luteifrons Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 168 (1904) [part., nec Fernando Po]; Shelley, B.
Afr. iv. p. 146 (1905) [part.].
a. 6. Mawambi, E. Congo Forest, 3000 ft., 22nd Oct. [No. 3640. R. B. W.}|

Tris light brown; bill black; feet light brown.

This specimen agrees with typical male examples from Gaboon, Cameroon, &c.,
but is distinctly smaller, especially as regards the bill, than male birds collected by
Mr. E. Seimund at Fernando Po. ‘These latter have the golden-buff colour on
the forehead brighter and extending further back over the crown, and the wing longer,
while they are altogether somewhat larger birds. I have named this insular form
N. alexanderi, after Mr. Boyd Alexander, who obtained examples of it during his
expedition to Fernando Po in 1902.

The species has been described as follows :—

Nigrita alexanderi Grant.

Nigrita luteifrons Alexander (nec Verreaux), Ibis, 1903, p. 350.
Nigrita alexanderi Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xxi. p. 16 (1907).

Adult male. Similar to N. luteifrons, but larger and with a longer, stouter bill;
the golden-buff on the forehead extending backwards over the crown to behind the
eyes. Iris black; bill black; legs and feet flesh-colour. Total length 4:4 inches;
culmen 0°33-0°35 ; wing 2°3-2°4; tail 1:6; tarsus 0°6.

Adult female. Similar to the female of N. luteifrons, but rather larger. Wing
2°35 inches.

294 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

The following is a comparative table of measurements :—

Culmen from

nasal opening. Wing.
in. in.
4 dg. Near Mawambi, Congo Forest . . ... .- 026 | 2:3
ee fo] Gaboon (Verreaur) = > © eee. - 0:28 2-3
S |[d-] » (DuChailu). ........ 0-3 2:3
= B/[é.] 3 MW As horbes) ene, 0:26 2-3
= > \ go. Efulen, Cameroon (G. LZ. Bates). . . . . . 03 2-35
7 3 ” 2» ” Die bp) oy a 0:28 272
ee 3 ” ” 9 ot ie-waes ios 0°29 2°3
Ba Charon (GOED) pb 6 6 0 6 6 5 3 6 0:26 2:3
¢@. Fish Town, Fernando Po (H. Seimund) . . . 0°35 9°35
alas! 32 » - ae 0:35 2-4
S g 3. ” ” ” cq. 1a) BG 0°33 2°35
2 cs \ d. Santa Isabel, _ ,, s | ae 0°35 2°35
= 3. ” ” ” & Jao 0°33 2°3
gimm. SantaJsabel, Fernando Po (E.Seimund). . 0°31 9:35

[A single example of the Pale-fronted Negro-Finch was obtained in a clearing in
the Congo Forest near Mawambi.—k. B. W.]

NIGRITA CANICAPILLA (Strickl.).

Nigrita canicapilla Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 170 (1904) ; Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 141 (1905).
a. é. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 21st July. [No. 2419. G. L.]
Iris orange; bill and feet black.

The most easterly localities hitherto recorded for Strickland’s Negro-Finch are the

Aruwimi River (Jameson) and Kibonge (Bohndorff), both about 350 miles to the
west of Fort Beni.

The male from Fort Beni, though somewhat smaller than typical examples of
JN. canicapilla from Fernando Po, especially as regards the size of the bill, does not
appear to be separable from them, ‘The wing measures 2°55 and the tail 1:8 inches.

NIGRITA SCHISTACEA Sharpe.
Nigrita schistacea Sharpe, Ibis, 1891, pp. 118,251; Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 169 (1904) ;
Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 145 (1905).
Nigrita sparsimguttata Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 170 (1904).
Nigrita diabolica Jackson (nee Reich. & Neumann), Ibis, 1906, p. 562 [Toro ; Ruwenzori].
a. 6. 40 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 27th Nov. [No.1]. R. #. D.]
b,c. 6 2. 100 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft, 6th Dec. [Nos. 1039. D. C.;

a.
3033. R. B. W.]

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 295

d,e. 6 2. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 20th Sept. [Nos. 543, 944.
R. E. D.)
f. ¢. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 11th Jan. [No. 83. R. E. D.]

Iris orange, light brown, or dark hazel; bill black; feet dark brown or black.

Captain Shelley is no doubt correct in assuming that WV. sparsimguttate
Reichenow is synonymous with the present species.

Immature examples have the whole of the upperparts uniform dark grey; subse-
quently the black on the forehead is assumed, then the grey on the rump, and the
white band bordering the black forehead and sides of the head, as well as the white
spots on the lesser and median wing-coverts, make their appearance.

[Jackson’s Negro-Finch was met with here and there throughout the journey, from
Victoria Nyanza to Ruwenzori, where it was found up to an altitude of 7000 ft.—

R. BW)

NESOCHARIS ANSORGEL (Hartert). (Plate XI. figs. 1,¢ ; 2, 2.)
Pytelia ansorgei Hartert, Bull. B. O. C. x. p 26 (1899) [Luimi (Wimi) R., Toro]; id. Nov.
Zool. vii. p. 42 (1900) ; Neumann, Bull. B. O. C. xxiii. p. 47 (1908) [Lake Kivu].
Cryptospiza ansorget Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 175 (1904).
Chlorestrilda ansorget Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 177 (1905).
Chlorestrilda capistrata Shelley, t. c. p. 177 [part., Meswa and Buguera (Emin)].
a. 6. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 18th Sept. [No. 534. R. E. D.]

A single male example of this rare and very beautiful little Waxbill was procured
by Mr. Dent. I have compared it with the type-specimen, which was obtained by
Dr. Ansorge on the Luimi River in Toro, and which has been sent me by Mr. Walter
Rothschild for comparison.

I quite agree with Capt. Shelley that the present species cannot be placed in
either of the genera Pytelia or Cryptospiza, both on account of its Bullfinch-like
bill and for other reasons. He therefore created the genus Chlorestrilda, making
©. ansorgei the type, but he overlooked the fact that the present species was obviously
co-generic with Nesocharis shelleyi Alexander, a highland species from Fernando Po
(cf. Bull. B. O. C. xiii. p. 48 (1903)], and with NV. capistrata (Hartl.) [=W. sharpii
(Nicholson) |, which ranges from Senegambia to Dahomey.

The type-specimen of N. ansorgei, a male in very poor condition, was described by
Dr. Hartert as having the “sides of the chest golden-olive,” but, as is shown by the
beautifully prepared skin in the present collection, this colour extends across the
entire chest in a wide band.

Two adult males and a female were also procured by Mr. Jackson's collectors in
the Kibera Forest, Toro, where the species was said to be plentiful. ‘The female,
which is figured on Plate XI. fig, 2, differs from the male in having the chest grey

206 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

like the rest of the underparts. It closely resembles the type—also a female—of
N. shelleyi Alexander, but is much larger and has a much stronger bill.

N. ansorget (Hartert). N. shelleyi Alexander.
in. | * in.
a-d. 3 (including the type¢ Wing . . 20 | a. 9 (type ofthe f Wing . . 17
of the species) ; e. ¢. Tae ee | species). Vales 10

(‘The only example of Ansorge’s Olive-backed Waxbill met with by the Expedition
Was procured in the Mpanga Forest, to the east of Ruwenzori. It was shot by
Mr. R. E. Dent in the top of a tall tree.—R. B. W.|

CRYPTOSPIZA OCULARIS Sharpe.
Cryptospiza ocularis Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. xin. p. 8 (1902): Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 562 ;
Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xix. p. 42 (1907); id., Ibis, 1908, p. 270 [Mufumbiro ].

a.
a,b. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 28th Dec. [Nos. 1065. D. C.;
3058. R. B. W.] ‘
cf. 6 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 20th-31st Jan, [Nos. 128.

d.
Bo TG, Dien. 220; 212954. Es}
g-l. 6 2 et 2 imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-6500 ft., 1st-24th Feb.

[Nos 171. RB. E. D.; 2132, 2134, 2135, 2136. @. LJ
mt. 6 2 et ¢ 9imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., 11th-19th March.
A d.
[Nos. 1320, 1323, 1994, 1325, 1376. DCs: 2189, G. L.; 3203, 3230. &. B. W.]

Adult male and female. Iris dark brown or dark hazel; bill black; feet brown or
dark brown.

As already pointed out, this species has been united with C. reichenowi
Hlartlaub by Dr. Reichenow, but it is really a distinct form.

(Sharpe’s Crimson-wing was met with on Ruwenzori at an altitude of between 6000
aud 7000 ft.,and, like most of these small Weaver-Finches, frequents the rough country
below the forest-line, especially old sites of cultivation and crops of millet. This
species was never seen in large flocks as was the case with Spermestes cucullatus and

S. poensis.—R. B. W.]

CRYPTOSPIZA SALVADORII Reichenow. (Plate XI. fig. 5, 3.)
Cryptospiza salvadorii Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 174 (1904) [part.]; Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 277
(1905) ; Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xix. p. 42 (1907).

a-k. 6 2 et 2imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-7000 ft., 11th-19th
d. d. d. d.
March. (Nos. 203. R. B.D.; 1321, 1822, 1863, 1375. D. C.; 2202) 2210. G. 7.;
5204, 321 uo202. A. BAW.)

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 29

~

l. ¢. Butagu Valley, West Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., lst Aug. [No. 2444. G@. L.]

Iris dark brown; eyelids red in the male; bill black; feet brown or dark brown.

As already briefly noted (vide supra, Bull. B. O. C.), Salvadori’s Crimson-wing is a
very distinct species from C. australis Shelley, from Nyasaland, although Dr. Reichenow
has included the latter under the present heading.

C. australis is an altogether much darker bird than C. salvadorii.

The British Museum possesses six examples of C. australis, of which three, though
apparently fully adult, differ somewhat from one another in plumage and are somewhat
puzzling. ‘The three adult examples are as follows :—

a. {Sex not ascertained.] Milanji Plateau, 6000 ft., 2nd Nov.

b,c. 9. Chiradzulu, July. (Specimen “4” is the type of the species.)

These have the bill entirely black and the underparts brown, tinged with olive.

Specimen “a” has some of the feathers across the upper mantle tipped with dull
crimson, forming an irregular band.

Specimen ‘“c” has a number of small dull crimson feathers about the base of
the bill.

Without additional material it is impossible to ascertain the cause of these differences,
as all three birds appear to be fully adult.

The three remaining examples are no doubt immature :—

d. 2. Kombi, Masuka range, 7000 ft., July.

é,f. 6 2. Chiradzulu, June.

In “d” the bill is black as in the adult; in “e” and “f” the base of the upper
mandible is brownish and the basal part of the lower mandible pale yellowish-horn-
colour.

All three immature specimens have the underparts paler than in the adults, the
brown plumage being largely mixed with olive.

Specimens of €. salvadorii from Ruwenzori agree perfectly with the birds procured
by Doherty on the Kikuyu Escarpment.

[Salvadori’s Crimson-wing was found on Ruwenzori at an altitude of between
7000 and 8500 ft. This species is very similar, both in habits and appearance, to
(. ocularis, but is less numerous and found at rather higher altitudes. It was seen on
some of the open ferny ridges among the forest at 8500 ft— Ak. b. W.]

CRYPTOSPIZA JACKSONI Sharpe.
Cryptospiza jacksoni Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. xiii. p. 8 (1902) ; Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 175
(1904) ; Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 280, pl. xxxv. fig. 2 (1905); Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 565.

d.
a—d. ¢. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 28th-30th Dec. [Nos. 49, 50,

d.
56. R. HE. D.; 2038. G. L.]
VOL, XIxX.—PART IV. No. 40.—March, 1910. 2s

298 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

e-h. 6 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-7000 ft., 15th-19th Jan. [Nos. 10.

R. BE. D.; 1153, 1154, 1169. D. Cal
i,k. 2 et g¢ imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., Ist & 8th Feb.
[Nos. 2133. G. Z.; 3153. R. B. W.] ,

lL-s. ¢ 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6500-7000 ft., 5th-17th Mar. [Nos.

d. d. d. d, d.
We Rh. BD. 1295, 1326, 1330, 1331. DC aise eel. G. 0.5 SZ Wy |

Tris dark brown or dark hazel; bill and feet black.

The female of Jackson’s Crimson-wing has not previously been described, but
there is a series of ten adult males and seven adult females in the present collec-
tion, which shows that the latter differ in coloration from the former in the following

particulars :—

Males. Females.

Dark crimson of the crown extending | Hind part of the crown with the sides
nearly to the occiput, only the middle crimson, and the whole of the middle part
feathers of the hind crown being grey. | _ grey like the hind-neck.

Sides of the head dark crimson and ex- | Sides of the head bright crimson and
tending in a large patch behind the restricted to a large patch surrounding
eye on to the sides of the neck. the eye, not extending on to the sides

of the neck.

Grey band across the hind-neck more or | Grey band across the hind-neck wider and
less interrupted by the dark crimson | not interrupted.
sides of the head.

An immature male differs from the adult in having the head and neck entirely grey
without any trace of crimson. The crimson of the back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and
flanks is duller in tint, and the coloured tips of the feathers are much narrower, so
that their grey bases are visible and produce a mottled appearance.

[This species was met with on Ruwenzori at an altitude of between 6000 and
$500 ft. It appeared to be a semi-forest bird, and, though it frequented the adjacent
millet-crops and rough grass-country, on being disturbed usually disappeared into the
forest. It was often met with among the undergrowth, in the darkest parts of the
forest, far from the outskirts.—2. Bb. W. |

CRYPTOSPIZA SHELLEY! Sharpe.
Cryptospiza shelleyi Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C,. xiii. p. 21 (1902) [Ruwenzori]; Shelley, B. Afr.
lv. p. 280, pl. xxxv. fig. 3 (1905); Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 563.
The type of this species was presented to the British Museum by Mr. F. J. Jackson.
A single adult male example was procured by Mr. Geoffrey Archer on the 22nd of

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 299

February, 1902, and is said to have been obtained on Ruwenzori, but the exact
locality is not recorded. It was not met with by the members of the Expedition.

EstTrRILDA MINOR (Cab.).
Estrilda astrild minor Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 180 (1904) [part. ].
Estrilda minor Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 198 (1905) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 564: [Toro] ; Grant,
Ibis, 1908, p. 275 [Mufumbiro; N. of Lake Tanganyika].
a. 6. 80 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., Ist Dec. [No. 1025. D. C.]
6-d. 3 et cimm. 100 miles W. of Entebbe, 4100 ft., 5th & 6th Dec. [Nos. 1056,
O37, L038. 0. CA
e-g. ¢ et ¢ imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 23rd & 28th March.
[Nos. 2235. G. L.; 3264, 3265. R. B. W.]
h,i. ¢ 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 5400 ft., 14th May. [Nos. 1556, 1557. D. C.]
Adult male and female. Iris hazel, dark chestnut, or dark brown; bill red; feet
varying from brown to blackish.
[The Lesser Waxbill was not met with on Ruwenzori above an altitude of 5000 ft.,
but was not uncommon on the dry plains round the south end of the range.—

R. B.W))

EstritDA PALUDICOLA Heugl.

Estrilda paludicola Heuglin, J. f. O. 1863, p. 166; 1868, p. 9, pl. 1. fig. 2 [Gazelle R.] ;
Hartert, in Ansorge, Under Afr. Sun, App. p. 346 (1899) | Unyoro; Uganda]; Reich.
Vig. Afr. iii, p. 184 (1904) ; Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 214 (1905) [part.].

a.b. o 2. 60 miles N. of Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3500 ft. 16th Aug.
[Nos. 1789, 1790. D. C]

Iris and bill red; feet dark brown.

The pair of birds obtained by Mr. Carruthers to the north of Fort Beni are
undoubtedly referable to Heuglin’s Pale Waxbill, first described from the Gazelle
River. ‘The three birds procured by Mr. F. J. Jackson’s collectors in Toro and referred
to the present species by Captain Shelley in his work on ‘The Birds of Africa” have
been incorrectly identified, and are really referable to L. roseicrissa Reichenow, having
the characteristic umber-brown crown, of the same colour as the back.

I have seen a fairly large series of examples of both the present species and
E. roseicrissa, including nine specimens of the former from the Tring Museum. From
these it is evident that the rosy flanks are equally characteristic of both species, and
are probably due partly to age and partly to season.

Immature birds of this species are apparently hardly to be distinguished from
immature specimens of H. roseicrissa, the crown being of much the same brown colour

as the back.

S2

’

300 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

‘The localities from which undoubted specimens of EL. paludicola have been examined
are as follows :—Lado, ‘Tingasi, 60 miles north of Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, Unyoro,
Mntebbe, and Kavirondo. ‘The species has also been obtained in Angola by Mr. C. H.
Pemberton. °

{Not uncommon in the clearings in the Eturi Forest between Fort Beni and

Irumu.—R. B. W. |}

ESTRILDA ROSEICRISSA Reichenow.
Estrilda roseicrissa Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 184 (1904) ; Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 215 (1905) ;
Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 276 [Lake Kivu].

a,b. 6 2 imm. 80 miles W. of Entebbe, 3700-3800 ft., 2nd Dec. [Nos. 22.
Rk. E. D.; 3024. Rk. B. W.)

c. ¢. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 26th April. [No. 1436. D. C.]

d,e. Q et d imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 2nd June. [Nos. 5442,
3443, 2. B. W.]

Adult male. Iris reddish-brown ; bill coral-red ; feet black.

Adult female. Iris dark orange; bill pink; feet dark brown.

‘The specimens mentioned above are no doubt typical examples of Emin’s Rosy-
flanked Waxbill, the type of which was procured at Bukoba on the west shore of
Victoria Nyanza. I have recently recorded and made notes on an adult pair sent by
Mr. Carruthers from Lake Kivu.

The immature specimens in the present collection differ from the adults in having
the bill dusky along the culmen and cutting-edges of the mandibles; the back uniform
brown, without any trace of fine dusky cross-bars, and the pink wash on the flanks and
vent barely indicated.

I have examined specimens of E. roseicrissa from Toro, Bukoba, S.E. Ruwenzori,
and Lake Kivu.

[This little Waxbill was plentiful on the plains round the south end of Ruwenzori,
but was not met with on the mountains.—2#. B. W.]

ESTRILDA NONNULA Hartl.
Estrilda nonnula Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 188 (1904); Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 226 (1905) ;
Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 564 [ Ruwenzori].
a. é. 90 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 4th Dec. [No. 3026. R. B. W.] 2
b-d. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 28th & 30th Dec. [Nos. 1061,

1062, 1072. D. C)

e, f. det dimm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 6th & 15th Jan. [Nos. 73.
R. BE. D.; 2085. G. L.]

g. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 22nd Feb. [No. 1256. D. C.]

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 301

h-r. gets Qimm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-7000 ft., 11th—-16th March.

[ Nos. 1352, 1353, 1339, 1354. D.C.; 2208, G. L.; 3200, 3223, 3224, 3228, 3229.
Tee Baye

Adult male. Tris dark brown or dark hazel; bill black and red; feet black.

Curiously enough, the above series of seventeen specimens does not include a single
adult female; the latter differs from the male in having the underparts greyer.

[Hartlaub’s Black-crowned Waxbill was met with everywhere throughout the
journey, except in the Eturi Forest. It was a common species on the mountains up
to an elevation of 7000 ft., and in company with many other species of small Weaver-
Finches was to be seen in thousands feeding upon the native crops of millet.—

R. BW)

SPORAGINTHUS SUBFLAVUS (Vieill.).
Estrilda subjlava Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 186 (1904) [part.]; Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 207 (1905).
Sporeginthus subflavus Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 275 [| Mufumbiro Volcanoes |.

a. °. N. Ruwenzori, 3500 ft., 19th Aug. [No. 3551. R. B. W.|

b. ¢. Lower Semliki Valley, 2500 ft., 11th Oct. [No. 3625. Rk. B. W.]

Adult male. Iris scarlet ; bill scarlet ; feet light brown.

Adult female. Iris bright orange ; bill pink; feet pale flesh-colour.

The male (4) of the Northern Zebra-Waxbill is a very brilliantly coloured specimen,
rather more so than any example in the British Museum.

[The species was met with only to the north-west of Ruwenzori, between the Semliki
River and Irumu.—R. B. W.|]

LAGONOSTICTA RUBERRIMA Reichenow.
Lagonosticta brunneiceps ruberrima Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 198 (1904).
Lagonosticta brunneiceps Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 258 (1905) [ part. ].
Lagonosticta ruberrima Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 564 [Toro]; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 271 [S.W.
Uganda; Lake Edward ; Lake Tanganyika].
a. d. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 26th April. [No. 3284. &. B. W.)
bi. 6 Getgimm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 2nd—26th May. [Nos. 1562,

1563. D. C.; 3309, 3336, 3350, 3366, 3416, S422 kB. We

k-m. ¢ 2 et gimm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 10th—25th June. [Nos, 1688.
D. C.; 3462, 3466. Rk. B. W.|

Adult male and female. Iris hazel, reddish-brown, or chestnut ; bill pink or dull
pink ; feet brown or dark brown.

This darker Equatorial form of the Brown-capped Fire-Finch (L. brunneiceps Sharpe)
appears to be a fairly well-marked form. I have already referred to it in the paper
on Mr. Douglas Carruthers’s collection published in ‘'The Ibis,’ as quoted above.

302 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

[A nest of this species was found on the plains at the south end of Ruwenzori
(3400 ft.). It was placed in a low fence surrounding a native garden, and was composed
of small sticks, roots, and grass. It was partially domed and, on the 10th of June,
contained three pure white eggs, which measure respectively *55 X°44) "54°45, and
-53'44 in. This bird often builds its nest in the thatch of native huts.—A#. b. W.|

LaGonosticra RHODOPARIA Heugl.
Lagonosticta rhodopareia Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 200 (1904) ; Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 250,
pl. xxxiv. fig. 1 (1905); Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 565 [Toro]; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 272
[ Mufumbiro Volcanoes ; Lake Kivu |.
Lagonosticta rubricata hildebrandti p. 167, and L. r. hematocephala, p. 168, Neumann, Orn.
Monatsb. xv. (1907).
Lagonosticta ugande Salvad. Boll. Mus. Torino, xxi. no, 542, p. 2 (1906) [Fort Portal].
a. ¢. 12 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 24th Nov. [No. 2004. G. Z.]
b. ¢. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 25th Jan. [No. 2113. G. L.]
c. gimm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 19th March. [No. 1380. D. C.]

Adult male. Tris dark brown ; bill horn-blue or slate-blue ; feet brown or black.

Immature male. Tris dark brown; bill blue-grey, black at the tip; feet dark brown.

I have already fully stated my reasons (‘ Ibis,’ 1908, p. 272) for differing entirely from
the conclusions recently arrived at by Prof. Neumann, and for regarding all the birds
described under the above names as synonymous with L. riodoparia Heugl. In the
colour of the upperparts the type of that species closely resembles examples in the British
Museum collected by Lord Lovat in Southern Abyssinia, and also birds from the
Gessima River, Likipia, B.E. Africa. Lord Lovat’s specimens were doubtfully referred
to L. congica Sharpe (cf. ‘Ibis,’ 1900, p. 127), but whether the type of that species is
merely an immature example of L. rhodoparia requires further confirmation.

[The Rosy Black-billed Fire-Finch was obtained near Entebbe, and two specimens
were procured on the east side of Ruwenzori at an elevation of 6000 ft. in January
and March. Possibly the species may be more numerous at some other season of the

year.— Rh. B. W.]

NerIsnA Nyans# Neumann. (Plate X. fig. 4, 6.)
Neisna dufresneyi nyanse Neumann, J. f. O. 1905, p. 350.
Neisna minima Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xvi. p. 117 (1906).
Neisna nyanse Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 274 [Mufumbiro Volcanoes ; Lake Kivu].

d.
a,b. dgimm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 30th Dee. |[Nos. 1073,
1074. D. C.]
c-e. d eto Qimm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft. 6th-29th Jan.

d.
[Nos. 1106 *, 1175. D. C.; 2125. G. L.]

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 303

f. 2imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 6th Feb. ([No. 3148.
Ty. Bee S|

g-r. ¢ Get ¢ Qimm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-7000 ft., 14th—25rd
March. [Nos. 1342, 1349, 1350, 1351, 1359*, 1390, 1391, 1396, 1397, 1413, 1414.
DC3

This species is closely allied to N. quartinia (Bonap.), but somewhat smaller and
has the middle of the belly more ochraceous. In one male example (No. 1549) there
is a distinct dull orange-scarlet patch on the middle of the upper breast. In the
deeper colour of the belly it approaches WV. kilimensis (Sharpe), but differs in having
the throat and breast pearl-grey instead of smoky grey.

Iris dark brown or dark hazel; upper mandible black, lower red ; feet dark brown
or black.

The immature bird differs from the adult in having the back uniform olive, without
any trace of the narrow dusky cross-bars which characterise the adult. Bill black,
or with some red on the lower mandible ; in other respects it resembles the adult.

When I described this species as new under the name N. minima, | was not aware
that it had already been named by Professor Neumann. The type of WV. nyanse,
procured by Emin Pasha at Bukoba, on the western shore of Victoria Nyanza, is in the
Berlin Museum.

[The Nyanza Waxbill was plentiful in the Toro district, around Fort Portal, and on
the east side of Ruwenzori up to an altitude of 7000 ft., but was not met with below
5000 ft., where the land slopes down towards Lake George. It was particularly
fond of the seeds of a large thistle which grows on the mountains.—F. B. IW. |

VIpUA SERENA (Linn.).
Vidua serena Reich. Vig. Afr. iil. p. 217 (1904); Shelley, B. Afr. iv. p. 16 (1905) ; Jackson,
Ibis, 1906, p. 560 [Toro].
a. 6. 30 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 26th Nov. [No. 3007, R. B. W.|

d.
(eee PAULI 53 4200 ft., 8th Dec. [No. 1049. D. C.]
c-h. 6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 9th-19th May. [Nos. 1530, 1531,

d.
1567, 1568, 15907. D. C.; 3442. Rk. B. W.]
i-n. 6 2 et 2imm. Mokia, 8.E. Ruwenzori, 10th-15th June. [Nos. 443, 444,

d, d.
445, 453. R. E. D.; 2403. G. L.]
o. ¢ juv. Butagu Valley, W. Ruwenzori, 4000 ft., 20th July. [No. 2442. G. L.]

* Types of Neisna minima Grant.
+ No. 1590, marked as a female, is almost certainly an immature male; the middle tail-feathers are very
long, 8*1 inches, while the remainder of the plumage is much like that of the female. As a rule, the black

plumage of the head and back is assumed before the long tail-feathers appear.

B04 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

Adult male and female. Iris dark brown or dark hazel ; bill scarlet or red; feet
black.

Immature male. Tris dark brown ; bill and feet brown.

[The White-breasted Whydah was met with throughout the journey from Victoria
Nyanza to the edge of the Eturi Forest. It was most amusing to watch the male of
this species escorting his harem. In a very excited and fussy manner he would fly from
bush to bush or hover around the females with a curious jumpy flight, all the time
keeping up a continuous twittering and chirping.—R. B. W.]

Family FRINGILLID&.

PassER DIFFUSUS Smith.

Passer diffusus Shelley, B. Afr. iii. p. 251 (1902) ; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 279 [Upper Congo].

Passer griseus Vieill. Nov. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xii. p. 198 (1817) ; Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 230
(1904).

Passer diffusus ugande and P, d. occidentalis Hartert, Nov. Zool. vii. p. 44 (1900).

a. 3. 60 miles W. of Entebbe, 3700 ft., 29th Nov. [No. 3015. R. B. W.|

b. 2. 130 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 10th Dec. [No. 2028. G. L.]

c. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., 30th Jan. [No. 2126. G. L.]

d,e. & @. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 22nd & 23rd March.
[Nos. 1405. D. C.; 2236. G. L.]

f. 3. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 30th April. [No. 2306. Ge)

g,h. 6 et d juv. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 15th & 22nd May.
[Nos. 329, 353. R. E. D.]

i. 6. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 19th July. [No. 3504. RB. B. W.]

Adult. Iris brown or reddish-brown ; bill black; feet brown.

The specimens in the present collection lead me to believe that Captain Shelley may
be right in uniting P. swainsoni (Riipp.) (= Passer griseus abyssinicus Neum.) with
P. diffusus Smith. Certainly the birds procured in the Mubuku Valley (speci-
mens c—é) closely approach the Abyssinian form in the greyer colour of their underparts
and in the absence of a distinct white patch on the throat. The male has the
underparts grey as in P. swainsoni, but the two females have the belly white
as in typical P. diffusus, and are only to be separated from that form by the colour
of the throat, which, though somewhat paler than the cheeks, is not pure white.
‘Thus we find that the birds from the Mubuku Valley (5000-7000 ft.) agree
with P. swainsoni from the highlands of Abyssinia, while the specimens from
Entebbe, $.E. Ruwenzori, and Fort Beni do not differ from ordinary white-throated
examples of P. diffusus.

The specimen from Fort Beni appears to be an old bird and has the top of the

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 305

head very grey, most of the feathers being in worn plumage, in marked contrast to the
reddish-brown mantle.

Dr. Reichenow thinks that the White-throated Sparrow should be known as Passer
grisea (Vieill., 1817), and there can be no doubt that the description of “ Fringilla
grisea” agrees very well with examples of the present species; but as Vieillot states
that the type came from the “‘ United States,” that it had a forked tail, and that its total
length was only 4? inches instead of 6 inches, I prefer to use the name given by
Smith to the South African bird in 1836.

[The Common Grey-headed Sparrow was not found on Ruwenzori above an altitude
of 7000 ft., and was rarely seen above 5000 ft.—R. B. W.]

SERINUS ICTERUS.
Serinus butyraceus Shelley, B. Afr. i. p. 193 (1902).
Serinus icterus barbatus (Heugl.); Reich. Vog. Afr. iti. p. 271 (1904).
Serinus icterus Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 280 [Lake Tanganyika ].
a,b. g et Qimm., 120 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 8th Dec. [Nos. 37, 38.
ee ED:
c,d. 6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 26th April. [Nos. 3274, 3275.
Rk. B. W.|
e-l. ¢ 9. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 3rd—22nd May. ([Nos. 278. &. E. D.;

a. a. a. d.
1523, 1524, 1592, 1593; 1605. D. C.; 2370. G@. L.]
m,n. 6 9. Mokia, SE. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 15th & 16th June. ([Nos. 455,
459. Rk. E. D.)

Adult male and female. Iris dark brown; bill brown or dark brown (two marked
black, R. L. D.); feet brown or dark brown.

{The Common Yellow-fronted Canary was met with throughout the journey from
Lake Victoria to Fort Beni in the Semliki Valley, but it was not met with on
Ruwenzori above an altitude of 6000 ft—R. B. W.]

SERINUS GRAUERI Hartert.
Poliospiza striolata Jackson (nec Riipp.), Ibis, 1906, p. 560 [Ruwenzori].
Serinus striolatus grauert Wartert, Bull. B. O. C. xix, p. 84 (1907).
Serinus graueri Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 280 [ Mufumbiro Volcanoes |.
a-c. 6 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenz6ri, 6000 ft., 28th Dec. [Nos, 1063,
1064. D.C.; 2033. G. L.]
d-l. $ 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-7000 ft., Ist-20th Jan. [Nos.
d.
102. &. #. D.; 1084, 1173. Oe: 2054, 2079, 2083, 2089. G. L.; 3065. Rk. B. W.)
m,n. 6 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 and 10,500 ft., 8th & 20th Feb.
(Noss L638: 2. FD. 5 sloo a Be W.|
VOL, XIX.—PaArT Iv. No, 41.—AZarch, 1910. 27

306 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

o-s. ¢ 2 et Qimm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-7000 ft., 13th—21st

March. [Nos. 1338, 1399, 1400. D. C.; 220ieae. 3208. R. B. Wi

t, uu. ¢ imm. et 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 10,000 and 13,200 ft., 3rd &
oth April. [Nos. 1424. D.C.; 3266. Rk. B. W.)

v, w. ¢ 2. Butagu Valley, W. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., lst Aug. [Nos. 1767. D. C.;
goa2. Rh. B.W.]

Adult male and female. Iris light brown or dark brown; bill brown or horn-colour ;
feet light or dark brown.

Dr. Hartert has separated the Streaked Seed-eater from Ruwenzori under this
heading on account of its darker plumage. The upperparts are much darker brown
than in S. striolatus (Riipp.); the quills are margined on the outer web with olive-
brown tinged with green, instead of yellowish-green; and the underparts are rufous-
buff instead of whitish-buff.

The species was subsequently procured by Mr. Carruthers on the Mufumbiro
Volcanoes.

Immature birds differ from the adult in having the underparts, especially the chin
and threat, washed with yellowish, and the middle of the belly streaked with black
like the rest of the underparts.

[| Grauer’s Streaked Seed-eater was found on Ruwenzori from an elevation of 5500 ft.
up to 14,000 ft. It was most plentiful among the rough scrubby country just below
the forest-line. A good many were also met with in the swampy valleys in the ‘Tree-

R. BW

heath zone.

SERINUS KILIMENSIS (Richmond).
Crithagra kilimensis Richmond, Auk, xiv. p. 155 (1897) [Kilimanjaro].
Serinus albifrons Shelley, B. Afr. i. p. 210 [part.], pl. xxv. fig. 2 (1902).
Poliospiza albifrons Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 257 (1902) [part.] ; Jackson, Ibis,.1906, p. 559
[ Ruwenzor1}.
d.
a,b. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 30th & 31st Dec. [Nos. 1076.
D. G.; 2040. G. L]
cf. 3 @. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-7000 ft.. 2nd-27th Jan.

[ Nos. 2050, 2110, 2111, 2114. G. LA
gi. 6 Qet dimm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-8000 ft., 21st-23rd Feb.
[Nos. 2161, 2162, 2166. G. Z.]
k. g. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6500 ft., 8th March. [No. 1305. D. C.]
Adult male and female, Iris hazel or dark brown; bill brown, lighter at the base
of the lower mandible ; feet brown or dark brown.
The type-specimen of S. a/bifrons Sharpe was obtained at Kikuyu and is characterised

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. O7

Oo

by having a distinctly white forehead nearly 0:2 inch in width. Two other specimens
from Roromo, Kikuyu, as well as one from Nairobi and one from the Waso Nanyuki
River, Western Kenya, agree with the type in having the forehead white.

In four males the measurement of the wing varies from 3°15 to 3:4 inches, and in
one female it is 3:2.

Fifteen adult specimens of S. 4ilimensis, from the Mau Escarpment, Eldoma Ravine,
and Nandi, have the forehead entirely brownish-black, with scarcely any trace of
white, and are on the whole rather larger than typical examples of S. albifrons. In
eight males the wing-measurement varies from 3°35 to 3°7 inches, and in seven females
it varies from 3°35 to 3°55.

Two male specimens in the Jackson Collection from Mount Elgon (one some-
what immature) have the belly conspicuously washed with rufous-buff, and in this
respect nearly resemble birds from Nandi, which have the belly brighter than in birds
from the Eldoma Ravine and Mau Escarpment. The wings of these two specimens
measure respectively 5°6 and 3°55 inches.

At Toro and on Ruwenzori a rather smaller-billed race is met with, and, like the
bird found on the Mau Escarpment, has scarcely a trace of white on the forehead.

It will thus be seen that the form which ranges from Ruwenzori to the Mau Escarp-
ment is different from typical S. a/iifrons from Kikuyu, and should no doubt bear the
name of S. kidimensis (Richmond), with which I have identified it.

The immature bird agrees with the description of the young of S. albifrons given by
Captain Shelley, but the throat is almost uniform black, with barely a trace of the
whitish cross-bars characteristic of the adult.

(The Western Brown Canary was met with on Ruwenzori from an altitude of
5500 feet up to 8500 feet ; it was, however, a very rare bird, and was not met with

anywhere else.—F. B. W.]

SERINUS SHARPE] Neumann.

Serinus sharpet Neumann, J. f. O. 1900, p. 287; Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 266 (1904) ; Grant,
Ibis, 1908, p. 280 {Mufumbiro Volcanoes].

Serinus shelleyi Neumann, Orn. Monatsb. xi. p. 184 (1903).

Serinus imberbis (Cab.) ; Shelley, B. Afr. ii. p. 203 (1902).

a. 3. 150 miles W. of Entebbe, 5000 ft., 12th Dec. [No. 1055. D. C.|
6. ¢. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 20th Sept. [No. 3586. R. B. W.]
c. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 30th Dec. [No. 57. R. E. D.]

d. 6. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 19th May. [No. 2369. G. L.]
Adult male and female. Iris dark brown or dark hazel; bill brown, olive-brown, or
horn-colour ; feet brown or dark brown.
Serinus shelleyi Neumann bears a much closer relationship to 8. sharpec Neumann
A DZ

305 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

than the latter does to S. su/phuratus (Linn.). A series of specimens can be laid out
showing that the largest-billed example of the South African bird with a wing of about
3°3 inches intergrades more or less completely with the small-billed S. shelleyi with a
wing of about 3:0 inches. I have examined typical examples of S. stlphuratus from
South and South-east Africa as far north as Macamac, near Lydenburg, in the
‘Transvaal ; of S. sharpei from Lakes Naivasha and Nakuro and Eldoma Ravine, all to
the east of Victoria Nyanza, and from Melsetter in Northern Gazaland; and of
S. shelleyi from Mount Elgon, Entebbe, Mpanga Forest, Ruwenzori, Mulema, Nyasa-
land, and Tete, on the Zambesi.

The type of S. shelleyi is said by Prof. Neumann [¢f. Orn. Monatsb. xi. p. 184 (1903) |
to be in the Berlin Museum, and to have come from Kafuro, Karagwe, to the west of
Victoria Nyanza; but there is a specimen in the British Museum from Tete, procured
by the Livingstone Expedition, which is marked in Prof. Neumann’s writing as
« Serinus shelleyi Neum. typus.” This bird appears to be in rather abnormal plumage,
having the dark markings on the head and upperparts nearly obsolete.

After examining all the material available I can only conclude that S. sw/phuratus is
barely separable from S. sharpez, and that S. shelleyi must be regarded as synonymous
with the latter, or else as a very slightly smaller race. The comparative measurements
of a number of specimens in which the sex has been properly ascertained is as

follows :—
Serinus sharpet. Serinus shelleyt.
6g... . wing 3'15-3°3 in. 76... wing 2-9 —3'05 in.
Bie Be Gane yy CHILE EY 3 » 2'80-2°95 ,,

I may here remark that male examples of the large-billed form from Zululand
differ considerably from Cape specimens, and have the green wash on the breast much
reduced. They closely resemble S. sharpei, except as regards the size of the bill.

[A few examples of Sharpe’s Canary were seen in the acacia-country around the
south end of Ruweuzori and again near Fort Portal, but they were rather uncommon.—

R. BW

CHRYSOMITRIS FRONTALIS (Reichenow).
Spinus citrinelloides frontalis Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 275 (1904).
Chrysomitris frontalis Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 279 [Mufumbiro Voleanoes].

a-f. é 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 28th—31st Dee. [ Nos. 1068, 1071,

d. d.
1078, LOs9n-: C.< 203IeGals; 3059 Ke Bie
g,h. ¢. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 4th & 30th Jan. [No. 2128. G. L,

3068. R. BW]

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 309

il. 6 9 et 2 juv. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 4th-24th Feb.
[Nos. 170. R. £. D.; 2143. G. L.; 3154. R. B. W.]
m-s. 6 2 et 2imm, Mubuku Valley, KE. Ruwenzori, 5000-7000 ft., 8th-24th March.

d d.
[Nos. 222. R. LE. D.; 1306, 1403, 1404. D. C.; 2187, 2199. G. L.; 3206. R. B. W.|
t. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., 10th April. [No. 228. R. E. D.]

u-w. ¢ 2. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 19th—23rd July. [ Nos. 1727. DE Gee
2427, 2428. G. L.]

Adult male. Iris brown, dark brown, or hazel; bill brownish-horn-colour ; feet
brown. The blackish streaks on the back seem to vary considerably with age. In
what appears to be the oldest male (No. 1403), with the brightest olive-yellow back,
they are much reduced, taking the form of narrow shaft-streaks; while in a second
male (No. 3059), marked “breeding,” the feathers of the upperparts are olive with black
middles, producing a somewhat spotted appearance.

As the female of this species does not appear to have been described, I take this
opportunity of characterizing it :—

Adult female. Differs from the female of C. citrinelloides (Riipp.) in having the
yellow band across the forehead and the yellow eyebrow-stripes well developed and the
underparts uniform yellow. In both these respects it resembles the male of C. frontalis
but is not quite so brightly coloured below, while the narrow black frontal band, black
sides of the face and chin of the latter are absent, the lores and cheeks being olive-
green and the chin yellow.

3

Iris dark brown or hazel ; bill brownish-horn, lighter on the lower mandible; feet
brown or light brown.

Total length ca. 4:5 inches ; culmen 0°55; wing 2°55; tail 1:8; tarsus 0°55.

The young female is much browner than the adult and has the plumage of the under-
parts soiled yellow, with the chest, upper breast, sides, and flanks streaked with dusky.

[Reichenow’s Yellow-fronted Canary was plentiful on both the east and west sides
of Ruwenzori up to an elevation of 7000 ft. It was also seen at Fort Beni—R. B. W.|

EMBERIZA FLAVIVENTRIS Steph. (Plate XIX. figs. 1 & 5, eggs.)
Emberiza flaviventris Shelley, B. Afr. ii. p. 143 (1902); Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 284 (1904).

a-d. 6 2 et so 2imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 3rd—16th May. [Nos.
293. fH. H. D.; 1537, D.C.; 2321. G. L.; 3364. R. B. W.)

e-g. 6 2. Mokia, §.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 3rd-17th June. [Nos. 447. R. BE. D.;
1635. D. C.; 3450. BR. B. W.)

Adult male and female. Iris dark brown; bill brown or blackish, lower mandible
paler; feet brown or light brown.

The male from $.4. Ruwenzori (No. 1635), killed on the 17th of June, is moulting

510 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

and in rather an interesting stage of plumage, the mantle being nearly uniform light
red; but among the worn plumage several new feathers of a darker chestnut colour
margined on the sides with sandy-buff are making their appearance.

A young female (No. 2321) has the feathers of the mantle very distinctly streaked
with black, more so than in the adult female; the feathers of the chest have dark
brown shaft-streaks, and the white tips of the median wing-coverts are bisected by
black shaft-streaks.

This species is readily distinguished from the allied HL. poliopleura (Salvad.) by having
the feathers of the back uniform grey, while in the latter they have very distinct biack
middles.

The eggs of this species figured on the accompanying Plate form part of Mr. F, J.
Jackson’s collection.

(The Common Golden-breasted Bunting was met with only at the south end of
Ruwenzori among the acacia-trees.—R. b. W.]

Family ALAUDID &.

Mirarra ZOMB& Grant.
Mirafra zombe Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xii. p. 27 (1902).
Mirafra fischeri Shelley, B. Afr. iii. p. 43 (1902) [part.]; Reich. Vog. Afr. iii, p. 339 (1904)
[part.]. :
a-e. 3 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 25th-29th April. [Nos. 237,

082. R. E. D.+ 1434, 1443. D. €.; 2293. @. LJ

yas) oY et Oem: Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 3rd—26th May.
‘Nos. 256, 315, 332, 376. R. E D.; 1513, D. C.; 2324, 2346, 2352, 2353, 2360,
O38], 2394. G. L.; 3354. R. B.W7]

#,u. 9. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 13th & 16th June. [No. 3473, 3487. &. B. W.]

Adult male and female. Iris brown or dark hazel; bill brown or black, lighter on
the lower mandible ; feet brown or flesh-colour.

This dark mountain-form allied to M/. fischeri was originally described from specimens
procured by Mr. A. Whyte on the plains of Zomba, and on the lower slopes of the
Milanji Plateau at an elevation of 5000 ft. It is very interesting to find what is
apparently exactly the same dark form occurring on the plains to the south-east
of Ruwenzori at a similar elevation. Dr. Reichenow, who has apparently never
examined specimens of J. zombe, has united it with W. fischeri; but there can
be no doubt that it is a very distinct and easily recognized form, which takes the
place of MW. fischeri on the higher ground over at least a part of the range of the latter

species.

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. oll

[This little Lark was very numerous in the acacia-country on the plains around the
south end of Ruwenzori, but was not seen on the mountains above an elevation of
4000 ft. While hovering in the air it makes a curious drumming noise with its

wings.—R. B. W.]

MIRAFRA TROPICALIS Hartert.
Mirafra africana tropicalis Hartert, Noy. Zool. vii. p. 45 (1900) [Lake Districts and Uganda] ;
id. Bull. B. ©. C. xix. p. 92 (1907).
Mirafra africana Shelley, B. Afr. 111. p. 51 (1902) [part.].
a—c. 6. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 25th—29th April. [Nos. 240.
he Be DNAS Sy ia: C.]
d-k. 6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., Sth-24th May. [Nos. 331.

R. E. D.; 2336, 2341, 2342, 2343, 2351, 2392. Gai

l,m. 6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 4th June. [Nos. 424, 425. R. H. D.|

Adult male and female. Iris hazel; bill dusky horn-colour or brown, whitish on
the lower mandible; feet brown or light brown.

I have compared the above-mentioned series of specimens with the type of A. tropi-
calis Hartert, from Bukoba on the west coast of Lake Victoria; they agree perfectly
with one another and evidently represent a well-marked subspecies. Dr. Hartert has
already pointed out that Captain Shelley was mistaken in supposing that MM. occi-
dentalis (Hartl.) from Gaboon is synonymous with WM. tropicalis, and has shown that
the former is in reality more nearly allied to the South African form M. africana
[cf. Bull. B. O. C. xix. pp. 93 & 94 (1907)].

[Hartert’s Rufous-naped Lark was plentiful on the plains around the south end of
Ruwenzori, but was not found on the mountains. It frequents the acacia-country,
and is constantly to be seen perched on the top of some low bush uttering from time
to time a long single note.—R. B. W.|

Family MoTACILLID&.

MOTACILLA vipUA Sundey.
Motacilla vidua Shelley, B. Afr. ii. p. 268, pl. xii. fig. 1 (1900) ; Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 296
(1904).

a. d. 40 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 27th Nov. [No. 2008. G. L.]

6. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., 3rd Jan. [No. 3064. R. B. W.)

Adult male and female. Iris dark brown ; bill and feet black.

[The African Pied Wagtail was met with throughout the journey, and occurred on
Ruwenzori up to an elevation of 7000 ft. It was an extraordinarily tame and familiar
bird, seeming to prefer the vicinity of habitations. At each base-camp formed by the

512 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

Expedition, a pair of these Wagtails built a nest in the roof of our house, almost as
soon as it was finished.— Rk. B. W.]

MoracILLa LoNGICAUDA Riipp. .

Motacilla longicauda Shelley, B. Afr. ii. p. 274 (1900) ; Reich. Vog. Afr. mi. p. 301 (190+).

a,b. g 2 tvixad. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 18th Sept. [Nos. 535,
535 a. R. E. D.]

Iris brown; bill black; feet slate-colour.

Neither of these specimens appear to be fully adult. In the male the third
pair of tail-feathers have the greater part of the outer web and a broad band down the
margin of the inner web black ; the fourth pair have a black line down the middle third
of the outer web, and the two outermost pairs are pure white. In the female (which has
the tail-feathers in moult) the third pair have the outer web mostly black, but no black
on the inner web, the fourth pair have a black line down the middle third of the outer
web as in the male, and the two outermost pairs are pure white; moreover, the second
pair of normally black tail-feathers (which are worn and apparently remains of the
first plumage) are irregularly marked with white towards the tip.

[A pair of the Long-tailed Pied Wagtail were obtained in the Mpanga Forest,
and a pair of Wagtails believed to be of the same species were seen on a stream
in the Congo Forest. When flying up or down the streams in the forest they always
kept close to the water, and their flight was straight and swift, more like that of a
Kingfisher than a Wagtail—R. B. W.]

MoraciLLa FLAVA Linn.
Motacilla flava Shelley, B. Afr. ii. p. 286 (1900).
Budytes flava Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 303 (1904).
a. 6. 40 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 27th Nov. [No. 3011. R. B. W.)
b,c. 2 imm. 80 miles W. of Eutebbe, 3500 ft., 2nd Dec. [Nos. 2014,
2015. G. L.]
d. ¢imm. 100 miles W. of Entebbe, 4100 ft., 6th Dec. [No. 1040. D. C]
e-g. 6 2imm. 120 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., Tth & 8th Dec. ([Nos. 34,
Boneh, HL. D> 2024 Gea.
h. ¢. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 2°th Dec. [No. 53. &. £. e)|
i. g imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., Ist Jan. [No. 62. &. £. D.}
Adult male. Iris dark brown; bill dark brown; feet black or dark grey.
Some of the specimens have a good deal of olive-colour in the middle of the grey
crown, and in that respect approach VM. campestris Pall.
[A good many examples of the Common Yellow Wagtail were seen between

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 313

Entebbe and Ruwenzori and occasionally met with on the mountains up to an elevation

of 6500 feet.— Rk. B. W.]

AnTHUS PyRRHONOTUS (Vieill.).
Anthus pyrrhonotus Shelley, B. Afr. 11. p. 307 (1900).
Anthus leucophrys sordidus Reich. Vog. Afr. 11. p. 818 (1904).

a, 6. 3. 60 miles W. of Entebbe, 3700 ft., 29th Nov. [Nos. 1d, 16. R. E. D.]

c,d. 3 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 4th & 8th May. [Nos. 300. A. £. D.;
Zou. G. 1

e-i. 6 2 et ¢g imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 3rd-17th June. [Nos. 417.
R. E. D.; 2398, 2406. G. L.; 3479, 3480. Rk. B. W.]

k. 2. 60 miles N. of Fort Beni, Semliki Valiey, 3500 ft., 17th Aug. [No.
ney)

Adult male and female. Iris dark brown ; bill brown or blackish, lower mandible
yellowish ; feet flesh-colour or brown.

All these birds appear to be typical examples of A. pyrrhonotus (Vieill.). I am
unable to distinguish the subspecies A. gou/di Fraser, the length of the hind claw
being in my opinion too variable a character to place much reliance on. For instance,
among the present series some specimens have the hind toe equal in length to the
hind claw, while in others it is much shorter.

[This Pipit was met with near Entebbe and on the plains round Ruwenzori, but
it did not ascend the mountains. It has a habit of suddenly flying up perpendicularly
into the air to a height of 20 or 50 feet and then dropping head first, with closed
wings, almost to the ground, only opening its wings just before alighting. I have
noticed it doing this repeatedly, for half an hour at a time, generally in the evening,
over some open patch of ground where it could run about freely in search of insects.—

R. B.WI

ANTHUS TRIVIALIS Linn.
Anthus trivialis Shelley, B. Afr. ii. p. 299 (1900); Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 311 (1904) ;
Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 559 [Toro].
a. 6. 120 miles W. of Entebbe, 4200 ft., 8th Dec. [No. 1045. D. C]
b. Adult. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 29th Dec. [No. 54. R. EB. D.]
Cf: & 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-7000 ft., Ist—27th Jan.

[Nos. 61. B. E, D.; 2065, 2071, 2117. @. .]

g, h. cs. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 18th & 21st March. ([Nos.
1372: D. C.; 2226. G. £.\

Adult. Iris hazel or dark brown; bill brown or blackish, lower mandible light brown ;
feet light brown, brown, or flesh-colour.

VoL. x1x.—part 1v. No. 42.—March, 1910. 24

514 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

[The Tree-Pipit was seen on Ruwenzori as late as the 18th of March, and was
met with up to an elevation of 7000 ft. It was seen near Entebbe in December.

—R. B.W.]

ANTHUS LEGGEI Grant. (Plate XIII. fig. 4, ¢.)
Anthus leggei Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xix. p. 26 (1906).

a,b. ¢ 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., Tth & 24th May. ([Nos. 2544,
2391. G. L. Types of the species. | 4,

c,d. 6. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 22nd & 23rd May. [Nos. 3396,
3404. R. B. W.]

e,f. 6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 6th & 17th June. [Nos. 432. R. E. D.;
Vos: Co

This species is most nearly allied to A. brachyurus Sundey., from which it differs
chiefly in its somewhat smaller size, the white ground-colour of the underparts, avd
the very strong black markings on the chest and breast. Iris dark brown; upper
mandible black, lower mandible brown; feet brown, pale brown, or pale flesh-colour.

é. Total length ca. 4°5 inches ; wing 2°5; tail 1°55; tarsus 0°64.

OF age i Se Aig ants 5, 2° 45-2-°5; tail 1:35-1:5; tarsus 0°64.

[This very small Pipit was found only on the plains round the south end of
Ruwenzori, and did not ascend the mountains. It was not a common bird and most
difficult to procure, as it was impossible to see it while on the ground on account of
the long grass. It was very reluctant to take flight, but, when once on the wing, flew
with remarkable swiftness, usually rising to a considerable height and settling a long
way off —R. B. W.]

Macronyx croceus (Vieill.).
Macronyx croceus Shelley, B. Afr. iii. p. 4 (1902); Reich. Vig. Afr. ili. p. 321 (1904).

a.
Entebbe, 3500 ft., 18th Nov. [No. 1002. D. C.]
12 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 24th Nov. [No. 3002. Rk. B. W.]
40 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 27th Nov. [No. 10. &. £. D.|
100 miles W. of Entebbe, 4100 ft., 4th Dec. [No. 2017. G. L.]
Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 24th April. [No. 233. R. £. D.]
d.
jf-m. 6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 1st-29th May. [Nos. 265, 338,
a. d. a.

a90) . #. D:; 2313, 2336, 2337, 2348. G. L.|

m. 6. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 13th June. [No, 452. R. E£. D.]

Adult male and female. Iris hazel to dark brown; upper mandible black, lower
mandible bluish-horn colour; feet brown or light brown.

There is a specimen of J/. croceus in the British Museum procured by Lord Delamere

BWiiwn GBD GB aA

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 315

on the Athi River, B.E. Africa, which is in a remarkable stage of plumage and unlike
that of any other specimen which I have examined. ~The sides and flanks are pale
sandy, heavily streaked with black shaft-stripes, and the yellow on the underparts
is restricted to the middle of the breast and belly. ‘The bird is probably a female
attaining its first adult plumage, many of the feathers being only partly grown, but the
light colour of the sides and flanks is peculiar, though probably only individual.

Through the kindness of Count Salvadori and of Mr. Walter Rothschild I have been
able to compare the type-specimen of MJacronyx ascensi Salvadori [cf. Bull. Mus. Tor.
xxii. no. 570 (1907)], from Lake Meru, with a typical specimen of VW. fulleborni
Reichenow, from Ngomingi, Uhehe Country (Marwitz), sent to the Tring Museum by
Dr. Reichenow ; also with two specimens of Macronya procured in Angola respectively
by Dr. W. J. Ansorge in July and by Mr. C. H. Pemberton in December. These latter
agree exactly with the type of MZ. ascens?, and though they are shghtly brighter yellow
on the breast and greyer on the rump than the typical specimen of JZ. fulleborni, 1
think it highly probable that all should be included under the latter heading. ‘The
typical specimen of MW. fulleborni, which was killed in the month of August, is in partly
worn plumage, but the feathers of back and rump have been recently moulted, which
may account for their browner colour.

|The Yellow-throated Long-claw was plentiful from Entebbe to Ruwenzori and en
the plains all round the mountains below 5000 ft—. B. W.|

Family NECTARINIID.

NECTARINIA ERYTHROCERCA Heugl.
Cinnyris erythrocerius Shelley, B. Afr. 11. p. 49 (1900).
Nectarinia erythrocerca Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 493 (1905) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 556
[Toro]. ;
Nectarinia erythroceria Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 282 [Lake Edward ].
a,b. 6%. 60 miles W. of Entebbe, 3700 ft., 29th Nov. [Nos. 3013, 3014.
R. BW.)
c-e. 6. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 24th-28th June. [Nos. 1679, 1700,

1701. D. €.)

Adult male and female. Iris dark brown ; bill and feet black.

As already recorded, in my paper on the “ Birds collected in Uganda and the Upper
Congo,” this species was procured by Mr. Carruthers a little to the north of Lake
jdward, which is probably the most southerly and westerly point from which it has
been obtained.

In the four males mentioned above the colour of the upper tail-coverts varies con-
siderably. Nos. 3013 and 1700, from Entebbe and S.E. Ruwenzori respectively, have

vio
a ad

316 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

the upper tail-coverts mostly peacock-blue, while in Nos. 1679 and 1701, both from
S.E. Ruwenzori, they are bright purple. ‘This difference is no doubt caused by
weathering. ‘The under tail-coverts also vary greatly: in some specimens they are
quite black, while in others they are widely tipped with purple. ‘

[ Heuglin’s Wedge-tailed Sun-bird was seen between Entebbe and Ruwenzori, and at
the foot of the mountains on the east side. It was not an uncommon bird at the
south-east end of the range, and it was also seen at Fort Beni—R. B. W.]

NEcTARINIA MELANOGASTRA Fischer & Reichenow.

Nectarinia melanogastra Shalley, B. Afr. ii. p. 25, pl. i. fig. 2 (1900) ; Reich. Vog. Afr. iii.
p. 496 (1905).
Nectarinia melanogaster Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 554 [ Ruwenzori J.

There is an adult male of this species in Mr, Jackson's collection, which was
procured by Mr. Geoffrey Archer on Ruwenzori on the 13th of February, 1902, but
the exact locality is not recorded. ‘The species was not met with by the members of
the Expedition.

NECTARINIA CUPREONITENS Shelley.
Nec‘arinia cupreonitens Shelley, B. Afr. i. p. 21 (1900).
Nectarinia famosa (Linn.) ; Reich. Vég. Afr. iii. p. 499 (1905) [part.].

a-c. 6 et ¢ imm. Butagu Valley, W. Ruwenzori, 4000-5400 ft., 25th July.
[Nos. 1759, 1760. D. C.; 2437. G. L.]

Tris dark brown ; bill and feet black.

After a careful examination of all the specimens of V. famosa (Linn.) and W. eupreo-
nitens Shelley, both in the British Museum and in Mr. Jackson’s collection, I find that
the present form can be recognised by its shorter and more curved bill, as well as by
its slightly smaller size, from examples of V. famosa trom South Africa, and should be
kept separate.

According to Mr. A. Stark and Cuaptain Shelley, birds of this genus after
the breeding-season assume a change-plumage like that of the adult female.
Against this theory 1 may mention that among the large series of specimens of
N. famosa collected by Mr. Claude Grant in South Africa there are full-plumaged
males procured throughout the whole year. All the evidence points to the fact that
the birds which Captain Shelley and others supposed to be adult males in change-
plumage are really younger males in an intermediate hen-like plumage, which is assumed
after the first plumage and retained during the first year. ‘The metallic wings and
long middle tail-feathers, like those of the adult, are then assumed, but the head and
rest of the upperparts as well as the breast remain much like those of the female, but
are intermixed with a few scattered metallic feathers. Subsequently the metallic back
and breast of the fully adult male are acquired. There are numerous immature males

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 17

Ss)

in the British Museum collection in which the metallic feathers of the back are
obviously moulting, many being only partially grown, but there is not a single
specimen with the metallic back which is assuming the olive-brown plumage, and if
this intermediate plumage was really an eclipse plumage such specimens would certainly
be found among the large series I have examined. I therefore assume that males of
the genus Nectarinia, unlike the males of Cinnyris, do not assume the fully adult
plumage during the first year, and that during that period they are clad in an inter-
mediate and partly hen-like plumage.

[A few examples of the Northern Malachite Sun-bird were met with just at the foot
of the mountains on the west side of Ruwenzori, near the mouth of the Batagu River.
They were not uncommon at this spot, but were never met with again throughout the

whole journey.—R. B. W.]

N&ECTARINIA KILIMENSIS Shelley. (Plate XIX. fig. 9, egg.)
Nectarinia kilimensis Shelley, B. Afr. 11. p. 28, pl. i. fig. 1 (1900); Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 502
(1905) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 555 | Toro].

d.
a-e. ¢. 90 to 120 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 4th-9th Dec. [Nos. 43. R. E. D.;

d. d.
1031, 1043. D.C.; 3027, 3047. Rk. B. W.]
fi. ¢ @ et ¢ imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 28th—-31lst Dec.

d.
[Nos. 1067. D. C.; 2032, 2035, 2042. G. L.]
d.
k-o. 6 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., Ist-24th Jan. [Nos. 70.

d.
Rein Ds W080 es e200n, 21120 CG. L.> 3001 BB. W|
p. éimm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., 25th Feb. [No. 175. R. E. D.|
g-@. 3 Q. 33 ss <5 9000—6000 ft., 16th & 23rd March.

[ Nos. 206, 210, OPI EHe De. 1363, 1364, D. C.; 2205, 2207, 9209. G. ib

y. 6imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 7th April. [No. 2281. G. Z.]

z. 2. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 24th July. [No. 2433. @. L.]

Adult male and female. Iris dark hazel or dark brown ; bill and feet black.

1 am rather doubtful if specimen 2433 is really a female of NV. kilimensis, for it has
the general colour of the underparts brownish-yellow. 1t, however, closely resembles
a female from Toro in the Jackson Collection, which latter has the underparts inter-
mediate in colour between typical yellow-breasted WV. kilimensis and the browner-
breasted bird from Fort Beni.

The egg figured on the accompanying Plate forms part of Mr. F, J. Jackson's
collection, and was procured on the Mau Downs on the 18th of December, 1895.

(‘The Kibmanjaro Bronze Sun-bird was met with almost everywhere throughout the

318 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

journey wherever the tree Erythrina tomentosa grows. We met with it on Ruwenzori
up to an elevation of 7000 {t., but it was not found in the dry acacia-country around
the south end of the range, where this tree is very scarce. All the Sun-birds, but more
especially those with long bills, which enable them to probe the deep cup of the
flower of E. tomentosa, are greatly attracted by its clusters of scarlet blossom. NV. kili-
mensis appears to feed on it almost exclusively, and, so far as our experience went,
the species is not found where this tree does not occur—R. b. W.]

NECTARINIA DARTMOUTH! Grant. (Plate XII. figs. 1, ¢ ; 2, 2.)
Nectarinia dartmouthi Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xvi. p. 117 (1906).
a-p. 6 2 etd 9 imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 12,000—-13,000 ft., 29th &

d. d. d. d.
30th: Jan. [Nos. 1191, 1192, 1193, 1194, 1195, 0196, 1197, 1198, 1199; 1201 eDNC.;
d. d. d.
Bios*, 5194, 3155. oldb, dliog. A. ba)
g-w. ¢ Get dimm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 12,500—-13,000 ft., 15th &

19th Feb. [Nos. 155, 156, 161*. R. E. D.; 3166, 3167, 3168, 3169. R. B. W]

a—a’. ¢. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 13,000-14,500 ft., 3rd & 5th April.
[Nos. 230, 230.a. R. E.D.; 1425, 1436. D. C1]

The male of this splendid alpine species is most nearly allied to that of NV. salvadori
Shelley, having the same rather short and but slightly curved bill, but is easily distin-
guished by having the upperparts of a rather darker green, shading into dark greenish-
blue on the rump. The upper tail-coverts, margins of the tail-feathers, belly, sides, and
flanks are of the same greenish-blue tint. Iris dark hazel; bill and feet black.
Total length about 10-4 inches; culmen 1:1; wing 3:2; middle tail-feathers 6:5,
lateral tail-feathers 2°3; tarsus 0°8.

The female is very similar to that of VV. johnstoni Shelley, but is easily distinguished
by the shorter and straighter bill.

The occurrence of this remarkably handsome Sun-bird dwelling on the highest
parts of the range, close to the limit of vegetation, was perhaps the most important
discovery made by the Expedition. It has been named in honour of the Harl of
Dartmouth, who was one of the principal subscribers to the Ruwenzori Expedition.
His son, Mr. Gerald Legge, was one of the most successful collectors who took part in
this memorable exploration.

(This beautiful Sun-bird was found only on Ruwenzori, where it frequented the
lobelia- and groundsel-zone from an elevation of 12,500 ft. up to 14,500 ft. In the early
morning, when the sun generally shines upon the higher parts of the range for a few
hours before the clond-bank has accumulated, these regions seem alive with the males

* Types of the species.

(eo)

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. dl

of this beautiful green Sun-bird and their more sombrely clad wives. Their short
cheerful song is heard on all sides, uttered from the top of a tall lobelia-spike or bunch
of giant groundsel. It is a very pretty sight to see them feeding upon the lobelias, as
they cling to the side of the tall flower-spike. With their legs held horizontally so as
to keep the body away from the flowers, they swiftly probe the long pale blue tubes of
the blossom with their curved beaks. ‘The males are incessantly fighting with one another
or flirting with the females, and each pair seems to claim a certain district as its own,
from which all trespassers are hastily and noisily chased. They show little or no fear
of man, and one actually settled upon the barrel of Mr. Carruthers’s gun while he was
standing still. Where found they are extremely plentiful, but as they are never met
with below 12,500 ft. they do not occur among the tree-heaths, and apparently feed
entirely upon the lobelia-blossoms.

In dark misty weather few of these birds were to be seen, but their song was often
heard in spite of mist and rain. They were breeding in January, which is the driest
month of the year, and some of the young were already fledged. Unfortunately, we
failed to find a nest.—k. B. W.|

NECTARINIA PURPUREIVENTRIS (Reichenow).
Cinnyris purpureiventris Shelley, B. Afr. 11. p. 89 (1990).
Nectarinia barake Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. xiii. p. 8 (1902), p. 50 (1903) [Ruwenzor ].
Nectarinia purpureiventris Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 503 (1905) [ Migere, Mufumbiro]; Jackson,
Ibis, 1906, p. 555 [ Ruwenzori}.

a. 6imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., 10th March. [No. 2179. G. L.|

Tris dark brown; bill and feet black.

The only example of this remarkably handsome Sun-bird procured by the Expedition
is a male assuming the metallic breeding-plumage.

In the Jackson Collection there are numerous examples from Ruwenzori, procured
by Mr. G. Archer, and, among them, males in full breeding-plumage shot in February
and October. There is also a male, killed on the 13th of February, assuming the
metallic plumage, and yery similar to the bird in the present Collection, which was
procured on the 10th of March. ‘This would seem to indicate that the metallic
plumage is assumed in February and March; but I have satisfied myself that both these
specimens are ¢mmature birds assuming theiy metallic dress and not adult birds coming
out of an“ eclipse” plumage. ‘This species was first procured by Stuhlmann at Migere,
on the Mufumbiro Volcanoes.

[A single specimen of Baraka’s Sun-bird was shot by Mr. Gerald Legge in the
Mubuku Valley, on the east side of Ruwenzori, at an altitude of 7000 ft. This was
the only occasion on which the species was met with during the whole expedition
around the mountains. It is a remarkable fact that Mr. Geoffrey Archer should have

320 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

obtained nearly a dozen examples of this species on Ruwenzori, either in the Mubuku
or Luimi Valleys, both of which were visited by the Expedition.—R. B. W.]}
ANTHOTHREPTES AXILLARIS Reichenow. '
Anthothreptes axillaris Shelley, B. Afr. ii. p. 143 (1900).
Anthreptes axillaris Reich. Vog. Afr. 11. p. 44.2 (1905).
a. g. 20 miles N.W. of Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 11th Aug. [No. 505.
R. E. D.)
b. 2 [ts imm.]. Irumu, Eturi Forest, 3000 ft., 16th Oct. [No. 565. R. E. D.|

Adult male. Iris dark brown; bill dusky; feet olive-brown.

Immature male? Iris hazel; upper mandible black, lower light horn-colour ; feet
slate-colour.

This very distinct species is new to the British Museum. Specimen “6,” marked
“9” by Mr. Dent, is probably an immature male; for the female is said to have no
pectoral tufts, while in the present specimen the tufts are distinctly indicated by a few
yellow feathers tipped with orange. ‘The bill, too, is much shorter than in the adult
male.

[A few of these little Grey-crowned Sun-birds were met with in the Eturi Forest
between Fort Beni and Irumu. ‘They appeared to frequent the undergrowth and
not the tree-tops, but so few were seen that we could not be certain on this point.
Tt is, however, an interesting one, for birds were very rarely found to inhabit both
the undergrowth and the tree-tops.— A. B. W.|

ANTHOTHREPTES ZAMBESIANA Shelley.
Anthothreptes hypodila Shelley, B. Afr. ii. p. 151 (1900) [part.].
Anthreptes hypodila Reich. Vog. Afr. iil. p. 442 (1905) [part.].
Anthothrepies zambesiana Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 286 [S.W. Uganda].
a. &. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., 27th Jan. [No. 2116. G. L.]
6. 8s " ae 6500 ft., 6th Feb. [No. 1219. D. C.]
c,d. 2 et dimm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., 24th March. [Nos.
3257, 3258. R. B. W.]
e. 6. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 6th May. [No. 1506. D.C]
f. ¢. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 22nd July. [No. 1787. D.C]
2. Mawambi, Congo Forest, 3000 ft., 29th Oct. |No. 3646. R. B. W.]
h. ¢ imm. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 21st Sept. [No. 553. R. E. D.]
Adult male and female. Iris dark brown ; bill and feet black.
I have already explained my reasons for keeping A. zambesiana distinct from
A. hypodila (Jard.) in my paper on Mr. Carruthers’s collection published in ‘ The Ibis,’
vide supra.

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES, 321

[A few examples of the Zambesi Collared Sun-bird were met with in the Eturi and
Congo Forests and in the Mpanga Forest to the east of Ruwenzori, as well as on the
mountains up to 7000 ft.; but they were distinctly scarce. A nest of this species was
found on Ruwenzori at 7000 ft. ; it was placed among the leaves of a giant lobelia
(Lobelia giberroa), about 8 feet from the ground, and was composed of very fine grass
and the thin tendrils of creepers. Unfortunately the nest was forsaken when only

half built.—R. B. W.]

ANTHOTHREPTES TEPHROLEMA (Jard. & Fraser).
Anthothreptes tephrolema Shelley, B. Afr. ii. p. 156 (1900).
Anthreptes tephrolema Reich, Vog. Afr. mi. p. 445 (1905).
a-c. 6 %. 10-40 miles N.W. of Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000-3500 ft., 10th-
13th Aug.. [Nos. 503, 507. R. E. D.; 1781. D.C.)
Adult male and female. Iris reddish-brown or dark brown ; bill and feet black.
The female No. 507 is marked by Mr. Dent as “ breeding; shot in clearing in
forest.”
[The Grey-chinned Collared Sun-bird was obtained only in the Eturi Forest, near
Fort Beni, where it appeared to be a rare bird.—R. B. W.|

CYANOMITRA RAGAZZI Salvad.
Cyanomitra obscura Shelley, B. Afr. 11. p. 125 (1900) [part.].
Chalcomitra obscura Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 450 (1905) [part., nee Fernando Po].
Chalcomitra obscura ragazzii Reich. Vog. Afr. ui. p. 451 (1905).

a. 6. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 23rd July. [No. 3514. R. B. W.]

b. 3. 30 miles N. of Fort Beni, 3900 ft., 12th Aug. [No. 1779. D.C]

c-e. 6 2. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 17th & 21st Sept. [Nos. 526,
R. E. D.; 3600, 3601. &. B. W.]

Adult male and female. Iris brown or dark brown; bill and feet dark brown or
black.

According to Dr. Reichenow, the birds from the Mpanga Forest should be called
C. ragazza (Salvad.); but the differences between them and the birds from West Africa
are too slight to warrant any separation. With this conclusion Captain Shelley fully
agrees.

Birds from Fernando Po are slightly larger, and have the underparts greenish-
white: in birds from the mainland of Africa these parts are generally olive.

The type of Nectarinia obscura Jardine was procured in Fernando Po, and
therefore the name @. ragazzii must be retained for the specimens trom the African
Continent. The British Museum possesses a typical specimen of C. ragazzii (Salvad.)
from “ Foresta di Fekerie-ghem,” Shoa, killed on the 6th of May, 1885, and received
part Iv. No. 43.—WMarch, 1910. DIeX

VOL. XIX.

322 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

in exchange from the Turin Museum. It is apparently not quite fully adult and still
possesses traces of yellow on the throat and underparts, characteristic of immaturity.
It is the specimen 6 (155) [ef. Salvad. An. Mus. Civ. Genov. xxvi. p. 247 (1888)],
and is marked as “2,” but is certainly a male with the yellow pectoral tufts well
developed.

[This curious Sun-bird was plentiful both in the Eturi Forest and in the Mpanga
Forest to the east of Ruwenzori. It was never seen except when darting hither
and thither among the undergrowth with a surprisingly swift and jerky flight,
uttering, as it flew, a short sharp note.—2#. B. W.]

CYANOMITRA CYANOLAMA (Jard.).
Chalcomitra cyanolema Reich. Vog. Afr. in. p. 456 (1905).

a. 2. 10 miles N.W. of Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 10th Aug. [No. 3538.
ye Se 4 |

b. 2. Avakubi, Eturi Forest, 2500 ft., 31st Oct. [No. 581. R. EF. D.]

Adult female. Iris dark brown ; bill and feet black.

[Ihe above-mentioned female examples of the Blue-throated Brown Sun-bird,
obtained in the Eturi Forest, were the only ones seen.—f. B. W.|

CINNYRIS VIRIDISPLENDENS Reichenow.
Cyanomitra verticalis Shelley, B. Afr. ii. p. 127 (1900) [part.].
Chalcomitra verticalis viridisplendens Reich. Vég. Afr. 111. p. 454 (1905).
a,b. 6 2. 120-140 miles west of Entebbe, 4000-4500 ft., 9th & 11th Dec.
[Nos. 46. R. E. D.; 3046. &. B. W.)
c,d. 6 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 28th-29th Dec. [Nos. 1066,
1069. D. C.]
e-i. 6 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., Ist-25th Jan. [Nos. 109, 114,

: d.
Va fae a pee O 1081. DCS 2072.1G. L.|]
k,l. 6 29. Mukubu Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 22nd & 28th March. [Nos. 226.
ROE. De 1401s D: Gi
m-o. 6 2. Mukubu Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 3rd & 5th April. [Nos. 2267,

d.
DADO ead.) Ge wlan
p,q. 6. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 5th & 24th May. [Nos. 1615. D.C.;

3397. Jigs) ean S| 5 Ht
r-v. 6 &. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 27th-29th June. [Nos. 1696, 1697,
1708, 1709, 1710. D. C.]
w, ¢. Butagu Valley, W. Ruwenzori, 4500 ft., 28th July. [No. 498. &. #. D.|

Iris dark brown; bill and feet black.

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 323

All the male specimens in the present collection clearly belong to this rather larger,
longer-billed, and greener-throated form of C. verticalis (Lath.). The West African
birds have the bill somewhat shorter, and as a rule the throat is distinctly blue,
though in a large series a few specimens which are intermediate as regards the colour
of the chin and throat can be found. Moreover, the male of C. verticalis has the
breast and underparts of a blackish-grey tint (in C. viridisplendens these parts are
dark grey) and the female has the underparts of a soiled white tint, relatively much
lighter than in C. viridisplendens, which is grey below and rather darker on the throat
and chest.

Young males of C. viridisplendens in first plumage have the crown bright olive,
with a few metallic-green feathers on the throat, the chest blackish mixed with some
metallic-green plumes, and the rest of the underparts yellowish-olive.

Young females have the crown like that of the young males, but the throat and
chest are yellowish-olive like the rest of the underparts.

[The eastern form of the Green-headed Olive Sun-bird was obtained near Entebbe,
and was met with throughout the journey to Ruwenzori; it was not seen on the

mountains above 7000 ft.—R. B. W.|

CINNYRIS ALINa (Jackson),
Cyanomitra aline Jacks. Bull. B. O. C. xiv. p. 94 (1904); id. Ibis, 1906, p. 558 [Ruwenzori].
Chalcomitra aline Reich, Vog. Afr, iii. p. 841 (1905).
a-e. gd et ¢ imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-9000 ft., 7th-23rd Jan.
[Nos 01 hh Os eens 163, LS. 0. Ce s08ta in. Be W,))
f-@. 6 2 et ¢imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6500-9000 ft., 3rd—28th Feb.

[Nos. 172, 173, 174, Tie es OR 1258, 1259, 1274, D. C.; 2141, 2146, 9147, 2148.
G. L.; 3145. R. B. W.]

rt’. 6 2 et gimm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5500-8000 ft., 4th-25th
March. [Nos. 185, 200, 208. R. F. D.; 1294, 1310, 1340. DAC: 2178, 2180, 2181,
2182, 2183, 2192. G. L.; 3202, 3209, 3220, 3256, 3209, 3261. Taba VV )|

k’. g. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., Ist April. [No. 2263. G. L.]

v.29. N. Ruwenzori, 7700 ft., 27th Sept. [No. 559. &. H. D.]

Adult male and female. Iris crimson, reddish-brown, chestnut, or hazel; bill and
feet black.

In the original description of the type-specimen the sex (male) is not stated, and
no mention is made of the pale chrome-yellow pectoral tufts which are characteristic
of that sex.

The female has never been described, but differs from the male only in lacking the
pale yellow pectoral tufts.

2x 2

324 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION. ©

Young males have the crown, chin, and throat blackish, usually with a few metallic
feathers, the mantle olive, without the orange wash found in the adult, and the
breast and rest of the underparts greyish, washed with olive.

[Jackson’s Purple-throated Sun-bird was found on Ruwenzori at elevations of from
5500 to 8500 ft. It was plentiful both in the forest and below it, feeding largely
upon the scarlet flowers of Erythrinw tomentosa. Females of this species were
remarkably difficult to obtain; when numbers of these birds were feeding in the
same tree the proportion of males to females was always as great as eight to one.
This was the case during the whole time we remained in the mountains, so that the
possible explanation that most of the females were engaged in incubation would not
hold good.—R. B. W.|

CINNYRIS AQUATORIALIS Reichenow.
Chalcomitra equatorialis Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 464 (1905) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 557
[Toro].
a,b. ¢. Entebbe, 3500 ft., 21st & 26th Nov. [Nos. 1005. D. C.; 3005. R. B. W.]
e. ¢. 100 miles W. of Entebbe, 4100 ft., 7th Dec. [No. 1042. D. €.]
d-g. 6 2 et 2 imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 16th-26th March.
(Nos. 223. R. FE. D.; 1402. D.C.; 2204, 2250. G. L.]
h. 3. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 28th April. [No. 1448. D. C.]

iy. 6 2 et ¢ 2imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 4th-29th May. Nos.
d. d. d.
302, 307, 384, 393. R. H. D.; 1603, 1604, 1616. D. C.; 2327, 2328, 2338. G. L.; 3318,
d. d. d. d.
3319, 3326, 3422, 3425, 3426. Rk. B. W.]

2,@. 6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 3rd & 16th June. [Nos. 3446,
3490. &. B. W.)

6. 9. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 6th July. [No. 1720. D.C]

Adult male and female. Iris dark brown; bill and feet black.

All the above-mentioned specimens belong to the larger form of C. acik Antinori,
which has been separated by Dr. Reichenow under the above name. ‘The latter states
that the metallic green of the top of the head and chin is of a different colour in the
two forms; “but this does not appear to be really the case. The only real difference
seems to be one of size, the more northern C. acik being altogether smaller and having
a much shorter bill.

Culmen. Wing.

in. in.
aaleoanlen Cracik’~) S.) eee 0; S6=0:87 2°6—2°66
C. equatoriahs . . . . 1:07-1:15 2°9-3°05

Mr. G. Archer notes that he did not meet with this species on Ruwenzori, though
he procured specimens in Toro.
|The Larger Scarlet-chested Sun-bird was seen throughout the journey from Entebbe

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 325

to the edge of the Eturi Forest ; but on Ruwenzori it did not ascend above 5000 ft.—

R. BW]

CINNYRIS FALKENSTEINI Fisch. & Reichenow.
Cinnyris falkensteini Shelley, B. Afr. ii. p. 66, pl. iii. fig. 1 (1900) ; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 282
[N.W. of Lake Tanganyika].
Cinnyris venustus falkensteini Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 474 (1905).
¢. 100 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 6th Dec. [Nos. 3032. R. B. W.|

This specimen was procured by Mr. Woosnam on the 6th of December, about
100 miles to the west of Entebbe, and on the following day he obtained typical
examples of C. igneiventris, showing that the ranges of these two forms meet at this
spot. ‘The bird is a fully adult male, with the orange pectoral tufts and yellow belly
and flanks characteristic of C. falkensteini.

CINNYRIS IGNEIVENTRIS Reichenow.
Cinnyris venustus ignewentris Reich. Vég. Afr. iii. p. 475 (1905).
Cinnyris igneiventris Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 282 (Lake Kivu).
a-g. 5 et 2 juv. 100-150 miles W. of Entebbe, 4th-12th Dec. [Nos. 1032,

1047. D. C.; 2030. @. L.; 3034, 3035, 3040. RB. W.]

h. &. Fort Portal, 5200 ft., 5th July. [No. 3501. R. B. W.]

il. ¢ 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 3rd—6th Jan. [Nos. 64.
R. E. D.; 3066, 3147. &. B. W.]

m,n. ¢. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-8000 ft., Ist & Sth Feb. [Nos. 138.
Re B.D. 122) Dee

o-g. 6 2imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000-7000 ft., 9th-13th March.
[Nos. 2190, 2191. G. £.; 3190. R. B. W.]

Adult male and female. Iris brown or dark brown; bill and feet black.

[The Fire-bellied Sun-bird was plentiful near Entebbe, and was not uncommon
throughout the journey to Ruwenzori, where it was occasionally seen up to an elevation
of 8000 ft. A few were also met with at the south end of the range, put they were rather
rare there.—K. B. W. |

Crnyyris cupreus (Shaw), (Plate XIX. fig. 7, egg.)
Cinnyris cupreus Sheliey, B. Afr, ii. p. 36 (1900); Reich. Vog. Afr. iil. p. 475 (1905) ;
Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 556 [ Entebbe].

a. 6. 30 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 26th Nov. [No. 3006. R. B. W.]

b. ¢ imm. [?2 ad.J. 150 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 11th Dec. [No. 3053.
eb. Ws |

c,d. ¢ imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 28th Feb. [Nos, 3183,
3184. R. B. W.]

326 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.
e-k. 6 9. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 1st-28th May. [Nos. 389. &. E. D.;

1499, 1543. D. C.; 2311, 2316. @. L.; 3328. BR. B. W.]

I,m. ¢ 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 4th-16th June. [Nos. 3453, 3491.
R. B. W.]

n. ¢ imm. Mokia, 8.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 6th July. [No. 1721. D. C.]

Adult male and female. Iris dark brown; bill and feet black.

Specimen 5053 is marked as being a male, but has every appearance of being a
female in worn plumage with some freshly moulted feathers on the back and chest.

Two eggs taken by Mr. Woosnam (with the female specimen No. 3453) are of a
rather blunt-pointed oval shape and devoid of gloss. The ground-colonr is pale
yellowish-white, obscurely clouded and smeared with grey, sparingly marked with
rounded spots and short irregular streaks of brownish-black. ‘They measure respectively
“68 X°52 and 66 X°5 in.

An egg in the British Museum referred to this species and taken at Witu was
received with the Crowley Bequest. It is much smaller than those collected by
Mr. Woosnam and measures *61 X°41 in., and is also differently marked. It, however,
agrees with the description and measurements of eggs of C. cupreus given by Nehrkorn
icf. Kat. Kier Samml. p. 76 (1899)].

(The Common Copper-coloured Sun-bird was seen near Entebbe and on the plains
around the E. and S.W. of Ruwenzori, but it was not met with on the mountains.
A nest found on the 5th of June was suspended from the bough of an acacia-tree about
5 ft. from the ground; it was composed of fine grass and the down of plants and
contained two eggs.— Rk. B. W.]

Cinnyris SUPERBUS (Shaw).
Cinnyris superbus Shelley, B. Afr. ii. p. 41 (1900); Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 477 (1905).

a-c. 6 2. Ft. Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 21st July. [Nos. 484, 485. Re Ee
3907. R. B.W.)

d. g. Avakubi, E. Congo Forest, 2500 ft., 31st Oct. [No. 3652. R. B. W.]

Iris dark brown, bill and feet black.

(‘The Superb Sun-bird was not uncommon around Fort Beni on the eastern edge of
the Eturi Forest, and was met with sparingly in the clearings in the forest between
Fort Beni and Mawambi. It was not observed in the forest near Irumu.— FR. B. W.]

CINNYRIS MARIQUENSIS Smith.
Cinnyris mariquensis Shelley, B. Afr. ii. p. 51 (1900); Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 479 (1905).
Cinnyris mariquensis suahelicus Reich. 1. ¢.
Cinnyris osiris Shelley, 1. c. p. 53 [part.].

a. d. 100 miles W. of Entebbe, 4100 ft. [No. 1044. D.C ]

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANI—AVES., Jd20

Iris dark hazel; bill and feet black.

This bird, a nearly adult male, belongs to the typical South?African form, which it
resembles in every particular, including the length of the bill. Cinnyris suahelicus
Reichenow should be referred to the synonymy of C. mariquensis, and not to that of
C. osiris as quoted by Captain Shelley [B. Afr. ii. p. 53 (1900)],

[The Southern Bifasciated Sun-bird was met with only between Entebbe and
Ruwenzori.— Rk, B. W.]

CINNYRIS MICRORHYNCHOS Shelley.
Cinnyris microrhynchus. Shelley, B. Afr. ii. p. 55 (1900).
Cinnyris mariquensis microrhynchus Reich. Vog. Afr, 11. p. 481 (1905).

a. 6. Mokia, 8.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 28th April. [No. 3290. Rk. B. W.]

(= cr es a 9th-31st May. [Nos. 402. #. FL D.; 1527,
1565, 1566. D. C.; 3405. &. B. W.]

g. 36. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 16th June. [No. 3496. Rk. B. W.|

Adult male and female. Iris dark brown ; bill and feet black.

The six male examples from S.E. Ruwenzori included in the present collection are
somewhat puzzling, and, though I think they must all belong to one species, they
vary one from another considerably in the colour of their plumage. First, as regards
the colour of the under tail-coverts: in three specimens (Nos. 402, 1566, 3496) these
parts are black with a dull purplish gloss; in one (No, 1565) they are brilliant metallic
purplish-blue margined with bluish-green; while in the remaining two (Nos. 1527,
3290) they are intermediate in colour, being black tipped with greenish-blue. In the
bird with the brilliant under tail-coverts the metallic purplish-blue bands across most
of the feathers of the maroon-red breast-band are more strongly developed, and many
of the feathers on the breast are tipped with purplish-blue. This is apparently an old
male in the fullest plumage. One specimen (No. 1527) has the breast-band much
brighter, some of the feathers being dull vermilion, and has the wing-measurement
2:2 inches and that of the tail 1-4. In the remaining five specimens the wing varies
from 2°25 to 2:4 and the tail from 1°65 to 1°75, the difference in the length of the
latter being considerable.

In Mr. Jackson’s collection I find two specimens from Mount Mauneu and the
River Voi, both in the Teita district. One of these, from the Voi River, neariy
resembles specimen No. 1527 from S.E. Ruwenzori in possessing a brighter breast-band
and in having the measurements of the wing and tail equally small, 2-1 and 1:4 inches
respectively ; the second bird, from Mount Maungu, has the maroon breast-band
washed with purple, the under tail-coverts black tipped with greenish-blue, the wing-
measurement 2°25 and that of the tail 1:6.

It must be added that the bird from the Voi River, killed in December, is in very

3°

328 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION,

worn plumage, while that from Mount Maungu, killed in April, is freshly moulted ;
but this difference could scarcely account for the difference in length of the tail, and
it must be further noted that the short-tailed bird from S.E. Ruwenzori (No. 1527),
killed in May, was procured with three long-tailed specimens shot in the same locality
and during the same month. The matter requires further investigation.

[The Least Bifasciated Sun-bird was obtained only on the plains on the S.E. of
Ruwenzori, where it was not uncommon.—R, B. W.]

CINNYRIS BOUVIERI Shelley.
Cinnyris bouviert Shelley, B. Afr. 11. p. 57 (1900); Reich. Vg. Afr. i. p. 483 (1905).
a. 6. Mubuku Valley, E, Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 28th Feb. [No. 5185. R. B. W.]

Iris dark brown; bill and feet black.

This bird closely resembles the type-specimen of C. bowviert from Landana, but is
somewhat larger as regards the measurements of the wing and tail; while the bill is
a trifle shorter, and very much shorter than in the type-specimen of C. tanganyice
Grant, which I recently described from the western shores of Lake Tanganyika

(cf. ‘Ibis,’ 1908, p. 283).

Culmen. Wing. Tail.

in. in. in.
Type of Cinnyris bouviert. . . . . . OF9 271 14
Male from Eastern Ruwenzori. . . . 08 2°3 50
(Maes Ot Cs VOL 3 py oo 8 IO 2°20 1:55

The Ruwenzori bird appears to have rather less blue on the forehead; but the
pecimen is in worn plumage with much of the green metallic plumage of the upper-
parts and throat weathered to a pinkish-bronze colour.

The type of C. tanganyice is further distinguished from the other specimens men-
tioned above by its differently coloured orange-and-yellow (not scarlet-and-yellow)
pectoral tufts.

The discovery of this West-African species on Ruwenzori greatly extends its known
range.

[A few examples of Bouvier’s Sun-bird were seen between Entebbe and Ruwenzori
and at the foot of the mountains on the east side to the north of the Mubuku Valley ;
but they were not found among the acacia-country around the south end, where
C. microrhynchus, a very similar species, was so plentiful—R. B. W.]

CINNYRIS CHLOROPYGIUS (Jardine).
Cinnyris chloropygius Shelley, B. Afr. ii. p. 83 (1900) [part.].
Cinnyris chloropygius lihderi, p. 486, and C. c. orphogaster, p. 487, Reich. Vég. Afr. iii.
(1905).
Cinnyris preussi Sharpe (nec Reich.), Ibis, 1908, p. 338 [Camaroon].

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 329

a. 3. 40 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 27th Nov. [No. 1013. D. €.]
d.
b-g. 5 @. a Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 20th-23rd July. [Nos. 1730, 1740,

1746, 1748, 17% 50. DacCamso00. hk. B. W.|

Adult male and female. Iris dark brown or black; bill and feet black.

Dr. Reichenow recognizes three subspecies of this bird, viz. :—

1. Cinnyris chloropygius (Jard.), ranging from Senegambia to the Niger.

2. C. e. lihderi Reichenow, ranging from Cameroon to Loango.

3. C. c. orphogaster Reichenow, ranging from the Upper Nile, above Lado, south-
wards to the Lakes.

With all the available material arranged geographically it is easy to recognize two
forms, viz. that found in Sierra Leone, with its conspicuously olive underparts, and
that inhabiting the Gold Coast, Niger, Cameroon, Fernando Po, and Gaboon, ranging
southwards to Loango, and eastwards along the Congo to the Aruwimi and Welle
Rivers, Tingasi, Semliki Valley, and Entebbe. I find it impossible to separate the
west coast birds (C@. ¢. liihderi Reich.) from the specimens procured in the neigh-
bourhood of the Lakes (C. ¢. orphogaster Reich.) ; for though some individuals from
Fantee, Cameroon, &c. have the breast and belly of a more olive and less brownish
tint, the bulk of the specimens are indistinguishable from one another.

The point which I wish to emphasize is that the type of C. chloropygius (Jard.} from
the Niger River belongs to the darker-breasted form and not to the olive-breasted bird
from Sierra Leone, as has been supposed by Dr. Reichenow and Dr. Hartert. The
Sierra Leone bird is therefore, so far as I can discover, without a name, and I propose
to call it

Cinnyris kempt, sp. 0.
Cinnyris chloropygius Reich. (nec Jard.) Vog. Afr. in. p. 486 (1905).
Adult male. Differs from C. chloropygius (Jard.) in being rather smaller, wing 1°8
to 1-9 inch, and in having the lower breast and belly, as well as the flanks and under
tail-coverts, conspicuously olive.

There is a female example of C. chloropygius (No. 1748), procured by Mr. Carruthers
in company with the adult male (No. 1746), which has the yellow chest and breast
obscurely streaked with dusky, and in this respect differs from most of the female
specimens in the British Museum which have been referred to C. chloropygtus.

[A single specimen of the Little Scarlet-collared Sun-bird was obtained near
Entebbe. It was not met with again until we reached Fort Beni in the Semliki
Valley, where it was numerous. It was also seen in some of the clearings in the
Eturi Forest between Fort Beni and Irumu.—&, B. W.}

VOL. XIx.—ParT lv. No. 44.—WMarch, 1910. 2Y

330 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

CINNYRIS STUHLMANNI Reichenow,
Cinnyris stuhlmanni Shelley, B. Afr. ii. p. 80 (1900) ; Reich. Vg. Afr. iii. p. 488 (1905).
a-d. 6 2 et ¢ imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 10,000-11,000 ft., 27th—

d.
3lst.Jan. [Nos. 1203, 1204. D. C.; 3128, 3140. &. B. W.]
e-h. ¢ et ¢ imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 9000-11,000 ft., 2nd—20th Feb.

[Nos. 162, 1624. R. E. D.; 1213, D. C.; 3164. B. B. W]

7. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 11,000 ft., 5th April. [No. 3267. R. B. W.]

Adult male and female. Iris dark brown; bill and feet black.

This remarkably interesting species was known only from male specimens procured
by Stuhlmann. The exact locality where they were obtained was not indicated by
the collector; but, from the information now at our disposal, it is practically certain
that they were procured high up in the Butagu Valley on Western Ruwenzori.

Adult male. Perfectly similar in plumage to the male of C. reichenow?, but much
larger. Culmen 1:1—1°15 inch ; wing 2°55—-2°6; tail 2°25—-2°35.

Adult female. Similar to the female C. recchenowi, but much larger. Culmen 1-0—
1-1; wing 2°35—-2-45 ; tail 1-7-1°9.

Specimen 162, killed on the 20th of February, is an immature male in partially
adult plumage.

{Stuhlmann’s Double-collared Sun-bird, which is known only from Ruwenzori,
inhabits a belt little more than a thousand feet in width, and extending from about
10,000 ft. up to 11,200 ft.—that is, from the upper edge of the bamboo-zone to the
lower half of the tree-heath. It is by no means a common bird; but is perhaps most
plentiful at 10,000 ft., just where the tree-heaths and bamboos intermingle, and it is
absolutely confined to that belt. The male has a short bright song, and, when in full
plumage, is a very handsome bird. When courting, it gives quite a miniature display
before the female, hopping around her with its wings drooping and quivering, and with
the two beautiful yellow pectoral plumes raised and spread like fans at right angles to
the body. It is a curious fact that, except for its larger size, this Sun-bird exactly
resembles in every detail C. reichenow?, a species which is found 3000 ft. lower down
the mountains, and which also inhabits the surrounding plains. Possibly this increase
in size is the result of the cooler climate at higher altitudes. B. W.|

CINNYRIS RELCHENOWI Sharpe.
Cinnyris reichenowi Shelley, B. Afr. ii. p. 82 (1900) ; Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 490 (1905) ;
Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 556 [Ruwenzori].
a, ¢. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 28th Dec. [No. 3056. R. B. W.|
b-e. 5 2. > a4 6000-7000 ft., 2nd-17th Jan. [Nos. 71.

a. d.
R. BE. D.; 1094: D. C.; 2090. G. .; 80625h2 5. W.|

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT— AVES. 331

fig. 6%. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-7000 ft. 11th & 25th Feb.

(INosi fo. RMED Do sal227: Dd: C.|
ht. 6 2 et ¢ imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-8000 ft., 7th-26th March.

d. d. d. d.
[Nos. 190. &. #. D.; 1802, 1317, 1327, 1362. D. C.; 2186, 2200. G. Z.; 3205, 32.49,

3253, 3955, 3262. R. B. W.]

Adult male and female. Iris dark brown ; bill and feet black.

This species is very closely allied to the form inhabiting Cameroon and Fernando Po,
which has been named C. preussi Reichenow, and may perhaps be distinguished from
C. reichenowt by having the outer webs of the wing-coverts and quills edged with
brighter olive. There is no difference in the length of the wing-measurement, which,
in a large series of specimens from Ruwenzori, Kisumu, and Nandi, varies from 55 to
57mm.

I have little doubt that C. preussi should be added to the synonymy of the present
species; but I have only been able to examine three male examples of the Western
form.

The female of this species does not appear to have been described; but it agrees
with the description of the female of C. preussi given by Dr. Reichenow, except that
the throat and crop are said to be grey, whereas in the present species they are olive
like the rest of the underparts.

[Reichenow’s Double-collared Sun-bird was met with between Entebbe and
Ruwenzori. It was plentiful on the east side of the range up to an elevation of
7000 ft., and was occasionally seen as high as 8000 ft.—R. B. W.]

CINNYRIS REGIUS Reichenow.
Cinnyris regius Shelley, B. Afr. ii. p. 86 (1900) ; Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 491 (1905) ; Jackson,
Ibis, 1906, p. 557 [Ruwenzori].
a-l. 6 2 et ¢ imm, Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzeri, 6000-9000 ft., 9th-26th Jan.

d. d. d. d.
[Nos. 105, 113. &. EH. D.; 1129, 1142, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1186. D. €.; 2082.

a.
Gal 30905 Bebra
m—o. d. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000-9000 ft., 2nd-10th Feb. [Nos.

d. d.
1202: D.C; 2040 G ein alO0: fe. B. W.|
p-a. 6 Qetgimm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-9000 ft., 4th-23rd March.

d. d. a. d.
Nos. 1288, 1289, 1292, 1329, 1360, 1361, 1378. D. C.; 2184. G. Z.; 3198, 3221,

d. d.
3222, 3254. R. B. W.]

i!-d'. 6 9. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000-1000 ft., 2nd & 6th April.
[Nos. 2264, 2278. G. L.; 3268. R. B. W.] s

7A NG

332 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

é. 2. Butagu Valley, W. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., Ist Aug. [No. 1765. D. C.]

Adult male and female. Iris dark brown or dark hazel ; bill and feet black.

As neither Captain Shelley nor Dr. Reichenow gives a description of the female of
this fine Sun-bird, I take this opportunity of doing so.

Adult female. General colour above greyish-olive, the feathers of the crown with
dusky middles; superciliary stripes, cheeks, and underparts pale olive, washed with
yellow on the middle of the abdomen; wings greyish-black, both the quills and
coverts margined on the outer web with tawny olive; under wing-coverts white
tinged with yellow ; axillaries and edge of shoulder pale yellow ; tail-feathers black.
Wing 1-9-1°95 inch ; tail 1-4.

The large series of thirty specimens includes three immature males moulting into
the adult plumage; two of these were procured on the llth and 15th of January
respectively, and a third was killed on the 12th of March.

[The Red-breasted Wedge-tailed Sun-bird is found on Ruwenzori from an elevation
of 6000 to 10,000 ft.; but it is most numerous in the forest-zone between 7000 and
8500 ft. The male sings a short sparkling song, which one is often surprised to hear
in the darkness of the forest and in the mist at 10,000 ft.

At present this species is known only from Ruwenzori ; but, although no specimen
was obtained, Mr. Carruthers assures me that he saw and heard it among the bamboo-
forests at 8000 ft. on the Mufumbiro Volcanoes, which lie to the south of Lake Edward.
There, it may be noted, he obtained a specimen of Tarsiger ruwenzori, a species
previously known only from Ruwenzori.—R. B. W.|

Family Dic #1D &.

PHOLIDORNIS DENTI Grant. (Plate XIII. fig. 1, ¢.)
Pholidornis denti Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xix. p. 41 (1907).

a,b. 6 2. Avakubi, KE. Congo Forest, 2500 ft., 31st Oct. [Nos. 578,579. &. ESD:
Types of the species. |

This fine new species is most nearly allied to P.rushia (Cass. ), but is easily distinguished
by having the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts, as well as the lower breast,
belly, and under tail-coverts, of a much brighter yellow; and the feathers of the
mantle, wing-coverts, and scapulars with conspicuous pale sandy margins. As in
P. bedfordi Grant, the outer margins of the quills are uniform black and not edged
with olive, as in P. rushi@. Iris crimson in the male, grey in the female; upper
mandible black, lower mandible yellow with the tip black ; feet yellow.

Male. Total length ca. 3:1 inches; wing 19 ; tail 0°95; tarsus 0°51.

Female. a BOs. she Pete eee oLs0:; ip Oia

The male is marked by Mr. Dent as “ breeding.”

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 333

[A pair of this beautiful little Flower-pecker were shot in the Congo Forest near
Mawambi by Mr. R. E. Dent. They frequent the tops of the tall trees, and, though
probably not uncommon, are very difficult to get.—R. B. W.]

Family ZosTEROPID&.

ZOSTEROPS JACKSONI Neumann.
Zosterops jacksoni Shelley, B. Afr. ii. p. 184 (1900) ; Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 430 (1905).
Zosterops scotti Neumann, Reich. t. c. p. 431 ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 554 [Ruwenzori].

a. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 28th Dec. [No. 3057. R&. B. W.|

a.
b-g. ¢ 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-8000 ft., 1st-26th Jan. [Nos. 69,
du) ed d. d.
87, 111, 132. R. #. D.; 1102, 1111, 1172. D. C.; 2045, 2052, 2081, 2087. G. L.;

d.
3077, 3078, 3096, 3120. k. B. W.| -
r—u. ¢. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-8000 ft., 10th-16th March. [ Nos. 1357,

d.
398. -D: Cos 2NSomGehe 3199. . B. Wi
v. 2. Butagu Valley, W. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., Ist Aug. [No. 3531. R. B. W.|
w. ¢. Mpanga Forest, 5000 ft., 16th Sept. [No. 3568. R&R. B. W.]

Adult male and female. Iris dark brown; bill black; feet blackish, brown, or
greenish-grey.

After a careful examination of a very large series of Zosterops from Ruwenzori, Toro,
Uganda, and Kavirondo, 1 agree with Capt. Shelley that Z. scotti Neumann, from
Ruwenzori, cannot be separated from Z. jacksoni Neumann, from Mau, Nandi,
Elgon, &c.

An unusually small and brightly-coloured male was procured in the Mpanga
Forest. In this specimen the wing measures 2°25 inches and the tail 1°55; whereas
in most of the males from Ruwenzori the wing measures 2°4—2°5 inches and the
tail 1-8; one bird, however, from the latter locality closely approaches the bird from
the Mpanga Forest in size, having the wing 2°3 inches and the tail 1°6.

[Jackson’s White-eye was found on Ruwenzori at elevations of from 5000 to 10,000 ft.
It was very plentiful in the forest-zone, and perhaps the most numerous bird in the
mountains. It was also plentiful in the Mpanga Forest, but was not seen in the

Congo Forest.—#. B. W.]

Us
vo
roe

ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

Family PARID &,
Parus FuNeREus J. & E. Verreaux.
Parus funereus Shelley, B. Afr. ii. p. 227 (1900) ; Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 510 (1905).
Parus nigricinereus Jackson, Ibis, 1899, p. 638, pl. xiii. [Nandi].
a. ¢imm. 40 miles N. of Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3500 ft., 13th Aug.
(No. 1780. D. C.]
b. ¢. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 18th Sept. [No. 531. R. E. D.)

Adult male. Tris crimson; bill and feet black.

Immature male. Iris reddish-brown ; bill black ; feet dark grey.

The adult male agrees perfectly with the type-specimen of P. funereus from
Gaboon. The immature specimen from Fort Beni is in the stage of plumage described
by Mr. Jackson as P. nigricinereus.

[A few examples of the Dusky Black Titmouse were seen in the Eturi Forest and
also in the Mpanga Forest, to the east of Ruwenzori. They were always observed
high up in the tree-tops—R. B. W.]

Parus INSIGNIS Cabanis.
Parus insignis Shelley, B. Afr. ii. p. 231 (1900); Grant, Ibis, 1905, p. 206 [Mulema, S. Uganda].
Parus niger insignis Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 512 (1905).
Pentheres leucomelas Jackson (nec Riipp.), Ibis, 1906, p. 554: [Toro ].

a-d. 3 2 et 6 2 imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 2nd-22nd May. [Nos. 268.

d.
R. E. D.; 3398, 3394, 3395. R. B. W.)
e-g. ¢ 2. Mokia,S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 3rd-21st June. [No. 1661. D. C.; 3447,

3448. iB. W.|

h. 3 imm. Mokia, §.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 7th July. [No. 1722. D. C.|

Adult male and female. Iris dark brown ; bill and feet black.

The series includes both old and young birds. The latter have the plumage of the
upperparts black, almost devoid of gloss, and the underparts brownish-black ; whereas
in the adult both the upper- and underparts are black, strongly glossed with greenish.
_ As already pointed out in my paper on the Doggett Collection from S. Uganda, the
range of the present species extends much further north than had been supposed by
Captain Shelley or Dr. Reichenow.

A male bird from Toro (No. 995) has been referred by Mr. Jackson to P. leucomelas
Riipp., but is really referable to the present species.

There are a number of examples of the true P. leuwcomelas in Mr. Jackson’s collection
from Entebbe, Elgon, &c. The species is easily distinguished from P. tnsignis by
having the feathers of both the upper- and underparts black glossed with purplish-
blue, instead of dull oily green.

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 339

[Cabanis’s Black Titmouse was met with throughout the acacia-country on the
plains around the south end of Ruwenzori. It was, comparatively speaking, a rare
species on the east side of the range, but on the west, in the Semliki Valley, it was
one of the commonest birds.—F, Bb. W. |

PARUS FASCHVENTER Reichenow.
Parus fasciiventer Reich. Orn. Monatsb. i. p. 31(1893) ; id. Vog. Afr. i. p. 515 (1905).
Parus fasciiventris Shelley, B. Afr. ii. p. 237 (1900).
Pentheres fasciiventer Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 553 [Ruwenzori].

a—e. 6 9 et ¢ imm. Mubuku Valley, Eastern Ruwenzori, 6000-8000 ft., 6th—23rd

d.
Jan. [Nos. 84. R. #. D.; 1107, 1145, 1146, 1182. D. C.]
f-k. & 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000—10,000 ft., Ist-25th Feb. [Nos. 270.

a.
D, Cos 2142) GE 2NG683G. 0.; 3143. 2. BW]
l-p. ¢ 2 et dg imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-8500 ft., 8th—25th March.

[Nos. 197, 198, 214. RB. B. D.; 1412, D. C.; 2246, 6. ‘66

Adult male and female. Iris brown or dark brown; bill black; feet blue-grey or
slate-grey (in one example, olive-green).

_ A fine series of this Titmouse was collected on Ruwenzori. ‘The species is apparently
peculiar to the range. On the 13th of January Mr. Carruthers procured a male
(No. 1146), which he has marked “ breeding.”

A quite young bird (No. 198) differs from the adult in having the feathers of the
occiput and nape brownish edged with black (instead of uniform black) ; the chin and
middle of the throat black; the cheeks, sides of the head and throat, as well as the
chest, greyish-brown (in the adult all these parts are black). The rest of the under-
parts whitish-buff, inclining to tawny on the flanks (instead of white) ; the black stripe
down the middle of the breast indicated by a few blackish feathers; the light margins
of the quills and wing-coverts yellowish-white (instead of pure white). The outer pair
of tail-feathers are much shorter than the middle pair; whereas in the adult they are
of nearly the same length.

[The Grey-backed White-breasted Tit was found on Ruwenzori from the forest-line at
about 6500 feet up to an elevation of 11,000 feet, where it frequented the tree-heaths.
It was, however, but rarely seen as high as this, and only when it had ascended the
valleys. It is really a bird of the forest-zone, where it is not uncommon.—A. B. VW. |

ANTHOSCOPUS ROcCATIT Salvad. (Plate XIII. fig. 2, ¢.)
Anthoscopus roccatit Salvad. Boll. Mus. Tor. xxi. no. 542, p. 2 (1906) [Entebbe ].
a-d. ¢ @. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 10th-23rd May. [Nos. 1610. D. C.;

d.
3346, 3347, 3348. R. B. W.]

336 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

e, f. ¢. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 feet, 8th July. [Nos. 479. &. H. D.; 1725.
DAC. |

Adult male and female. Iris dark hazel or dark brown; bill dusky, bluish-grey, or
black; feet grey, dark grey, or dark blue.

The above-mentioned series collected at Mokia is apparently similar to specimens
from Entebbe which have been described by Count Salvadori under the name A. roccatii.

This is quite a distinct species, but perhaps most nearly allied to A. punctifrons
(Sundev.) from North-east Africa and to A. capensis (Gmel.) from S. Africa.

It has the colour of the upperparts of a dark olive-green; in A. punctifrons they
are yellowish-olive and in A. capensis brownish-olive: the underparts are pale
yellowish-white, intermediate in colour between the almost white-breasted A. puncti-
frons and the yellow-breasted 4. capensis. From both these species it may be easily
distinguished by having the fore part of the forehead yellow, with no trace of black
tips to the feathers, and though some of these are more or less indistinctly tipped with
greyish, the forehead has a uniform yellow appearance.

[A very few examples of Roccati’s Penduline Titmouse were seen among the acacia-
trees on the plains around the south end of Ruwenzori.—R. B. W. |

Family LaNIID«&.

NILAUS CAMERUNENSIS Neumann.
Nilaus nigritemporalis Jackson (nec Reich.), Ibis, 1906, p. 552 [Toro].
Nilaus afer camerunensis Neum. J. f. O. 1907, p. 364.
a. 6. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 29th April. [No. 255. R. E. D}

a.
b-d. 6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 8th-29th May. [Nos. 381,382. R. #.D.;
2350. G. L.|
e-i. 6 2 et 6 imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., Ist-26th June. [Nos. 1660,

d.
1677, 1691. D. C.; 3487, 3438. R. B. W.]

Adult male and female, Iris dark brown (in one specimen olive-brown) ; bill black,
grey at the base of the lower mandible; feet bluish, bluish-black, or dark grey.

I have referred the above-mentioned specimens with some doubt to JV. camerunensis
Neum., which was founded on a single female specimen from South Cameroon. The
females from Ruwenzori agree fairly well with the description of that bird, and there
is no reason geographically why they should not belong to the same species; but before
this point can be definitely settled it will be necessary to compare adult male specimens
from the two localities. 'The males from §.E. Ruwenzori, on the whole, most nearly
resemble WV. minor Sharpe, and, as in that species, the markings on the sides form a

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 337

confluent longitudinal band, not streaks as in NV. afer, though they are of the same
deep chestnut-colour; in V. minor they are light reddish-chestnut. It is, of course,
quite possible that the birds from S.E. Ruwenzori may prove to be a distinct form,
but until males from Cameroon are available for comparison this question cannot be
settled. Birds of this genus appear to be rare and local, and are comparatively seldom
procured. Hitherto Mr. Bates has not sent home a single specimen from West Africa.

The wing-measurement in four adult males from S.E. Ruwenzori varies from 3°15 to
3°25 inches; in two adult females it measures 3°15 and 3°35 inches respectively.
Three young birds (a male and two females) differ from the adult female in having the
greater wing-coverts tipped with pale whitish-buff and the throat slightly streaked
with blackish. In the youngest specimen (a male) the under tail-coverts are buff with
a few black cross-bars, while the white feathers down the middle of the back have a
black subterminal bar.

Two quite young specimens from Toro have been regarded by Mr. Jackson as adult
specimens of NV. nigritemporalis Reich., but they are really referable to the present
form, which belongs to the group with the white eyebrow-stripe.

[This Bush-Shrike is not uncommon throughout the acacia-country around the south
end of Ruwenzori and in the Semliki Valley.—2#. B. W.]

TELEPHONUS EMINI Reichenow.
Pomatorhynchus australis emini Reich. Vog. Afr. u. p. 547 (1903).

a. ¢. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 29th Dec. [No. 3060. R. B. Wl
b-d. 2. 5 an es dth—-20th Jan. [Nos. 1114. D. C.;

d.

2059, 2100. G. L.]
e. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 27th March. [No. 2252. G. L.|
is oe SA oy a 4th April. [No. 2270. G. Jb,

g,h. d. Mokia, 8.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 14th & 31st May. [Nos. 324,400, RE. D.}

Adult male and female. Iris hazel, dark brown, purple-brown, or slate; bill black ;
feet slate-colour.

| Emin’s Bush-Shrike was not uncommon along the lower slopes.of Ruwenzori and on
the plains below : a few were seen up to an elevation of 6000 feet» The species was
breeding at the end of December.—R. b. W.] “

TELEPHONUS ERYTHROPTERUS Shaw. (Plate XIX. figs. 21 & 23, eggs.)

Pomatorhynchus senegalus Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 547 (1903); Jackson, [bis, 1906, p. 552 [Toro].
a,b. 6 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 27th March. [Nos. 1422. D.C;
22034 G. |
c. 6. South Ruwenzori, 3000 ft., 24th April. [No. 232. R. L. D.]
VoL. Xix.——PArt Iv. No. 45.—March, 1910.

IS
NS

338 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

d-g. 6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 26th & 27th April. [Nos. 238, 241.

d.
POD PARR Gs Juss 20k” Hale Will
h-l. ¢ 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft.,2nd-9th May. [Nos. 278, 281. &.E.D.;

a.
1481. D. C.; 2354. G. L.] 5

m-o. 6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 3rd-16th June. [Nos. 429. R. E. D.;
2405. G. L.; 3445. &. B. W.]

Adult male and female. Iris bluish-grey, purple-grey, dark grey, or dark brown;
bill black ; feet slate-colour or bluish.

Prof. Neumann (cf. J. f. O. 1907, pp. 8371-378) has written an elaborate account of
T. senegalus and its allies, and he recognizes 13 subspecies, of which no less than 6 are
described asnew. Ihave examined the extensive material in the British Museum and
compared the specimens with his paper, but am unable to agree with his conclusions.
The birds procured by the Ruwenzori Expedition appear to be indistinguishable from
specimens from the Transvaal &c. (7. s. erythropterus apud Neumann) and from
Cameroon and Gaboon (T°. s. cumerunensis). Like them they have the posterior half
of the eyebrow-stripe rufous-buff, whereas in the true 7. senegalus it is white.

Three eggs are of a slightly pointed oval form and somewhat glossy. They are
white with irregular dashes, dots, streaks, and blotches of dull maroon-red and purplish-
grey, the markings being more or less concentrated into a zone round the larger end.
They measure respectively 95 X°7; -91X°69; -9X°69 in.

[This Bush-Shrike was very numerous throughout the acacia-country around the
south end of Ruwenzori and in the Semliki Valley. It was found breeding in May
and June. The nest, which was placed in a low acacia-bush about three feet from the
ground, was composed of small sticks and roots, and lined with fine roots. It contained

three eggs.— Rf. B. W.]

TELEPHONUS MINUTUS Hartlaub.
Pomatorhynchus minutus Reich. Vég. Afr. 11. p. 552 (1903).
Antichromus minutus Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 553 [Toro].
Telephonus minutus minutus Neumann, J. f. O. 1907, p. 368.
a. 2. 150 miles W. of Entebbe, 5000 ft., 12th Dec. [No. 1058. D. C.]
6. ¢. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 21st March. [No. 2227. G. L.]
c. 6. South Ruwenzori, 3000 ft., 19th June. [No. 2409. G. L.]
Adult male and female. Iris mauve or light claret-colour ; bill black ; feet bluish-
grey or olive-grey.
[A few examples only of the Lesser Bush-Shrike were seen on the eastern slopes of
Ruwenzori, and again on the plains near Lake Edward. It was not a common bird.

—R. B. WW]

W. R. OGILVIN-GRANT—AVES. 339

NicaTor cHLORIS (Less.).
Nicator chloris Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 554 (1903) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 552 [Toro]; Grant,
Ibis, 1908, p. 292 [Ponthierville, Upper Congo].
a-c. get ¢imm. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 20th-22nd July. [No. 487.
RE. DD. 1729. Ds 0793509. KR. B. W.|
d. 2. 50 miles N. of Fort Beni, 3500 ft., 15th Aug. [No. 1784. D. C.]
e. ¢. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 15th Sept. [No. 517. R. E. D.|

Adult male and female. Tris hazel or dark brown ; bill black ; feet slate-grey, grey,
or dark grey.

The male is very much larger than the female.

Male. Wing 4:2-4:25 inches.

Female. Wing 3°65 inches.

The male (No. 487) is marked by Mr. Dent “ breeding.”

[The Spot-winged Bush-Shrike was plentiful throughout the Eturi Forest, and a
few were seen in the Mpanga Forest, east of Ruwenzori. It frequented both the
undergrowth and the tree-tops. The only sound I ever identified as belonging to this
bird was a loud, harsh, chattering note.—R&. B. W.]

LANIARIUS SIMILIS (Smith).

Chlorophoneus sulfureopectus chrysogaster Reich. Vog. Afr. 11. p. 562 (1903).

Laniarius sulphureipectus Grant, Ibis, 1905, p. 203 [S. Uganda].

Chlorophoneus chrysogaster Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 550 [Toro ; Ankoli].

Laniarius similis Grant, Ibis, 1907, p. 589 [Baro River}.
a. 3. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 28th Feb. [No. 3182. 2. B. W.]
b-d. 6 2° etimm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 24th-28th April. [Nos. 235.

R. ELD); 1446, DSC. 229%. G. L.| 4

e-l. ¢ 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 1st-19th May. [Nos. 1471, 1490, 1491,

d. d.
1501 D.C). 235 (Gea 3s03, 3980. h..BaWel
m,n. 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., Ist & 17th June. [Nos. 405. R. E. D.;
d.
2408. G. L.]
Notes on this species will be found in my paper on the collection of birds from the
Sobat and Baro Rivers, quoted above.

[The Yellow-fronted Bush-Shrike was not uncommon in the acacia-country around the
south end of Ruwenzori and on the lower slopes of the mountains up to 5800 ft.—

R.B.W.)

340 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

LANIARIUS ERYTHROGASTER (Cretzschm.). (Plate XIX. fig. 22, egg.)
Laniarius erythrogaster Reich. Vég, Afr. ii. p. 586 (1903); Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 551 [Toro];
Grant, Ibis, 1907, p. 589 [White Nile, Sobat, and Baro Rivers].

a-c. 6 2. 70-80 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500-3600 ft., Ist Dec. [Nos. 1021, 1022.
TBS (OW Rea rel ep

d,e. 6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 28th April. [Nos. 250. R. # D.;
2286. G. L.]

fv. ¢ Get ¢dimm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 4th-29th May. [Nos. 290,

d. d. d. d. d. d.
205, 387, 343, 364,°365, 366, 372, 373, Bidweh. &. D:; 1492, Taga Taiass. NC:

2356. G: L.;, 3344, 3361. HB: W.)
w-y. 6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 2nd—5th June. [Nos. 415, 419, 431.
hie Be |

Tris cream-colour; bill and feet black.

Several immature birds in the present collection differ from the adult in having
the breast-feathers fringed with buff, and a few small feathers at the base of the upper
mandible yellow.

Two eggs of this species were procured by Mr. R. B. Woosnam at Mokia on the
11th of May, 1906. They are of a rather pointed form and somewhat glossy. ‘The
ground-colour is pale blue, spotted and blotched with umber-brown and lilac-grey, the
markings being most numerous round the larger end, where they form a distinct zone.
Both measure ‘9 X°7 inch.

[The Scarlet-bellied Bush-Shrike was met with near Entebbe and throughout the
journey to Ruwenzori. ‘The species was very numerous in the acacia-country at the
south end of the range and in the Semliki Valley. Its musical note was one of the
most familiar sounds at the south end, but it was never seen on the mountains.—

B.B.Wi)

LANIARIUS LAGDENI Sharpe.

Laniarius laydeni Sharpe, P. Z.S. 1884, p.54, pl.v. [Ashanti]; Grant, P. Z. S. 1908, pp. 287,
289 [Ruwenzori and Mufumbiro Voleanoes].
Malaconotus lagdeni Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 600 (1903).

a. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 9000 ft., 29th March. [No. 2259. G. L.]

Iris light grey ; bill black ; feet slate-blue.

The type-specimen of this extremely rare species was procured by Sir Godfrey Lagden
in Ashanti in 1883, and, so far as I am aware, has remained unique till it was again
met with by the Ruwenzori Expedition in 1906.

Its occurrence in the highlands of Ruwenzori is very remarkable and of the greatest
interest. The present specimen, an adult female, differs from the type only in having

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 34]

the throat of a less brilliant orange-yellow and in being slightly smaller. The type is
no doubt a male.

The measurements are as follows :—

Type {ts |. Ashanti.—Wing 4:6; tail 4°15 inches.

2. KE. Ruwenzori, 9000 ft.—Wing 4:4; tail 4°3 inches.

Several additional specimens have more recently been procured by Herr R. Grauer
on the higher slopes of the Mufumbiro Volcanoes, which lie to the west of Lake Kivu.

[A single female specimen of this beautiful Bush-Shrike was obtained by Mr. Gerald
Legge in the Mubuku Valley at an altitude of 9000 feet. It was seen among the tops
of some tall trees in company with another bird, probably the male, which unfortunately
escaped. These examples were the only ones seen. The ovaries of this female were
slightly enlarged.— 2. B. W.]

LANIARIUS MAJOR (Hartl.).
Laniarius major Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 580 (1903) ; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 290 [N.W. of Lake
Tanganyika].

a. S. 80 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., Ist Dec. [No. 1022. D. C.]

6. 5. 100 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 6th Dec. [No. 30. R. E. D.]

c,d. 9. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 and 6500 ft., 16th & 21st Jan.
(Nos. 2103. Gy Eolas. BW, |

Adult male and female. Iris reddish-brown or dark hazel; bill black; feet slate-
grey or black.

{The Greater Bush-Shrike was met with here and there between Entebbe and
Ruwenzori, and on the mountains it was occasionally met with up to an elevation of

6500 feet.—R. B. W.]

LaNiaRivs LUHDERI (Reichenow).
Laniarius liihderi Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 584 (1903).
Dryoscopus coronatus Sharpe, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 205, pl. xxxiii. fig. 2 [ Gaboon].
Laniarius castaneiceps Sharpe, Ibis, 1891, pp. 445, 598 [ Mt. Elgon].

a-c. 6 2. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 18th-24th Sept. [Nos. 537,
D0/. 1. L. Di 3609) habe VW.)

Adult male. Tris dark brown; bill black ; feet blue-grey.

Adult female. Tris crimson ; bill and feet black.

In the figure of this species given in the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society,’ the
crown is incorrectly coloured, and should be of a dark chestnut, quite different from
the breast. In the male (No. 3609) the light tips of the median wing-coverts are
mostly pale yellow; one of the females (No. 537) shows traces of yellow, but in the
second female (No. 557), which is marked “‘ breeding,” the tips of the median wine-

coverts are pure white, as is the case in all other specimens in the British Museum.

342 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

Dr. Sharpe has described an immature female (the type of LZ. castaneiceps) as having
the “median wing-coverts dusky, tipped with white, slightly tinged with yellow, and
forming a band”; so probably the yellow tips to these feathers in the male in the
present collection indicate traces of immaturity. -

[A few examples of Liihder’s Bush-Shrike were seen in the Mpanga Forest, east of

Ruwenzori.—f. B. W.]

Dryoscopus MaLzactt Heugl.
Dryoscopus cinerascens Reich. Vig. Afr. u. p. 596 (1903) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 552
[Toro; Ruwenzori].

Dryoscopus malzacii Grant, Ibis, 1907, p. 588 [Baro River].
g. 120 miles W. of Entebbe, 4200 ft., 8th Dec. [No. 1050. D. C.]

a.
b. g. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 22nd Jan. No. 2108. G. L.]
Casey: i in 6000 ft., Ist Feb. [No. 2131. G@. Z.]
GG Chon = = 7000 ft., 14th March. [Nos. 3213, 3214.
FR. BW “4

f; 6 imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 3rd April. [No. 2265. G. Z.]
g-p. & 2 et g imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., Ist-21lst May. [Nos. 323.

R. E. D.; 1539, 1571. D. C.; 2331, 2378, 2379. G. L.; 3302, 3311, 3312. R. B. W]

q,7- 6. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 16th & 27th June. [Nos. 1698. D. C.;
3495. R. BW. |

s. 6 imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 5400 ft., 2nd July. [No. 472. R. E. D.]

t. 2. Lower Semliki Valley, 2500 ft., 11th Oct. [No. 563. R. #& D.)

[A few examples of this Bush-Shrike were seen at the north and south ends of
Ruwenzori among the acacia-trees. On the mountains it was seen in the Luimi and
Mubuku Valleys as high as 6500 ft., but it was always rather a rare bird. It has a
very curious note, quite unlike that of any other Shrike.—R. B. W.]

DryoscoPus NANDENSIS Sharpe.

Dryoscopus nandensis Sharpe, Ibis, 1901, p. 41, pl. u. fig. 1 [Nandi].
Dryoscopus angolensis nandensis Reich. Vog. Afr. 11. p. 590 (1903).

a. 6. Irumu, Eturi Forest, 3000 ft., 16th Oct. [No. 3627. R. B. W.]

Iris dark brown; bill black; feet dull flesh-colour.

The type of this species from Nandi is a somewhat immature bird, as may be seen by
the buff margins to some of the secondary-quills and the buff feathers among the
axillary plumes, as well as the pale horn-coloured tip and edges of the lower mandible.

In the adult the inner margins of the quills and the axillary plumes are greyish-
white and the lower mandible is entirely black.

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 343

Mr. Woosnam states that this Puff-back Shrike was shot among the tree-tops and
that the specimen procured was the only one met with during the journey.

Dryoscopus arFinis (G. R. Gray).

Dryoscopus affinis Reich. Vog. Afr. 11. p. 590 (1903); Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 290 [ Ponthierville,
Upper Congo].

a. 9. Mawambi, K. Congo Forest, 3000 ft., 27th Oct. [No. 3644. Rk. B. W.]

Tris orange ; bill black ; feet grey.

This specimen, with its white lower back and pale grey rump, is a typical example
of D, affinis, which, according to Reichenow, is the East African representative form.
As already, remarked in my paper referred to above, it is very doubtful whether the
West African examples, which have been separated under the name of D. senegalensis
(Hartl.), are really distinct from D. affinis.

[A single example of this Puff-back Shrike was obtained in the Congo Forest near
Mawambi, but its note was frequently heard high up in the trees.—2. B. W.]

DRYOSCOPUS HOLOMELAS Jackson.
Dryoscopus holomelas Jackson, Bull. B. O. C. xvi. p. 90 (1906); id. Ibis, 1906, p. 551

[ Ruwenzori].

a-l. ¢ 2. Mubuku Valley, EK. Ruwenzori, 6000-9000 ft., 9th-27th Jan. [Nos. 78,

119. BR. E. D.; 1123, 1124, 1137, 1164. D: 2075, 2106, 2115, 2124. G. L.; 3088.
R. B. W.) |
m. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., 24th Feb. [No. 3177. R. B. W.]
nr. 3. e ¥ 6000-8000 ft., 5th—-24th March. [Nos. 189.

R. E. D.; 2239, 2240, G. L.; 3207, 3247. B. B. W,]

s. 6. Butagu Valley, W. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., lst Aug. [No. 3526. R. B. VA

Tris dark brown or reddish-brown; bill and feet black.

This small-billed species is quite distinct from D. lewcorhynchus (Hartl.), and has the
black plumage of a rather duller and greyer shade, while in the latter it is purplish-
black.

All the specimens procured by the Expedition appear to be fully adult birds with
black bills.

[This Black Bush-Shrike was found on Ruwenzori at elevations of from 6000 to
9000 ft. It isreally a bird of the forest-zone, but it is occasionally met with lower
down as wellas in the bamboo-zone above. It has the most marvellously versatile range
of notes it is possible to imagine. From the depths of some tangled mass of creepers
one might hear, first a low harsh scraping or chattering sound, followed by some
of the most beautiful flute-like notes. After a moment or two of silence an

344 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION,

extraordinary clicking sound would commence (such a sound as is made by quickly
bending and letting fly the tip of a strong quill tooth-pick), followed by a succession
of quick high-pitched piping notes. A search for the performer usually resulted
in finding nothing, so cunning were these birds in sneaking away through the
undergrowth without being seen, and it was some time before we discovered the
author of these strange noises.—2. B. W.]

DRryYoscoPUS LEUCORHYNCHUS Hart).

Laniarius leucorhynchus Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 573 (1903); Sharpe, Ibis, 1908, p. 531
[Cameroon].

a. 3. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 18th July. [No. 3502. R. B. W.)

Iris dark brown ; bill and feet black.

The members of the Expedition did not recognize the differences between this species
and D. holomelas, which was met with on the west as well as on the east side of
Ruwenzori, and consequently they did not trouble to procure a series of specimens.
Dr. Reichenow states that the white bill in this species is a characteristic of the very
old bird ; but this is clearly an error, as all the specimens in the British Museum with
a white bill are obviously quite young, and in one from Efulen, Cameroon (Bates Coll.),
the tail is only partially grown.

LaNIUS INTERCEDENS Neumann.
Lanius excubitorius intercedens Neumann, J. f. O. 1905, p. 228 [Hawash Valley to Victoria
Nyanza].
Lanius intercedens Grant, Ibis, 1907, pp. 590, 591.
af. 6 2 et 2 imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 25th-30th April. [Nos.

d. d.
1466, 1467. D. C.; 2285, 2289, 2290, 2307. G. L.]
g-q. ¢ 2 et 6 imm. Mokia, 8.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 5rd—19th May. [Nos. 271,

d.

279, 288, 294, 298, 822, 347, 349. R. E. D.; 1485, 1517. D. C] .

rt. 6 @. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 4th-24th June. [Nos. 457. R. E. D.;
1680. D. C.; 3455. Rk. B. W.]

Adult male and female. Iris dark brown; bill and feet black.

|Neumann’s Long-tailed Grey-backed Shrike was very numerous all through the
acacia-country around the south end of Ruwenzori and in the upper part of the Semliki
Valley. It was a conspicuous object, even from a distance, perched on the topmost
bough of an acacia-tree, or flying, as they do, in a perfectly straight line from one tree

to another. Its low note has a curiously musical sound, like several notes in harmony.

—_R. B. W.]

or

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. d4!

LANIUS MACKINNONI Sharpe.
Lanius mackinnoni Grant, Nov. Zool. ix. p. 468 (1902) ; Reich. Vog. Afr. 1. p. 617 (1903).

a. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 28th Dec. [No. 48. R. FE. D.]

DOM Sx. b 55 ss Ist & 20th Jan. [Nos. 59. #. £. D.;
3122. BR. B. W.]

d,e. 6 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 3rd & 25th Feb. [Nos. 141.
ee Lee D.; 81812 Re Baya

f-h. ¢ 2%. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-6500 ft., Ist-6th March. [Nos.
WGs RoE. D. 129s 01D: C:)

i,k. & 2. 10 miles N.W. of Fort Beni, 3000 ft., 10th Aug. [Nos. 2446. G. L.;
3540. Rk. B. W.]

Adult male and female. Iris dark brown ; bill and feet black.

The specimens killed in August are in very worn plumage and in full moult, the old
feathers of the back being much browner than the new ones. ‘The collection also
contains specimens in partial moult (chiefly the tail-feathers) procured in January,
February, and March. A female killed in December [ No. 48] is marked ‘ breeding.”

[A few examples of Mackinnon’s Shrike were met with on Ruwenzori up to the
forest-line at an elevation of 6500 ft., but they were not numerous. They were also
seen in some of the clearings in the Eturi Forest between Fort Beni and Irumu.—

R.B. Wi

LANIUS HUMERALIS Stanley.

Lanius humeralis Grant, Nov. Zool. ix. p. 466 (1902) ; Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 609 (1903).
Lanius humeralis congicus Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 610 (1903).
Fiscus humeralis Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 550 [Toro].

a,b. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 27th March. [Nos. 1423. D.C;
22 GL.

c. 6. Mokia, $.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 8rd May. [No. 272. RB. E. D.]

Adult male. Iris dark brown ; bill black; feet dark grey or black.

Dr. Reichenow considers that the representatives of this species, ranging from
Angola to the Lake District, should be separated under the name of L. h. congicus, on
account of the markings of their outer tail-feathers, which are said to be black with
only the tip and outer web white. In this respect the specimen (No. 272) from S.E.
Ruwenzori agrees with the description of L. congicus and differs from most Kast African
specimens of L. humeralis in the British Museum, which have the greater part of the
outer tail-feathers white. These range from North Abyssinia southwards to Natal and
westwards to Victoria Nyanza. There is a large series of this species in the Jackson
Collection from Kikuyu, Eldoma Ravine, Nandi, Elgeyu, Mt. Elgon, Entebbe, and
oro, and, among these, specimens are to be found from several localities with the

VOL. x1x.——ParT Iv. No. 46.—March, 1910. 3A

346 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

outer tail-feathers marked as in L. congicus. Of the two adult males from Eastern
Ruwenzori, one must be referred to typical L. humeralis and the other to L. congicus,
if the difference in the markings of the tail-feathers is to be regarded as of subspecific
value, but it seems doubtful if this character is of any great importance. It must,
however, be added that in the British Museum there are no specimens from the
Congo district for comparison.

[A few examples of the Eastern Fiscal-Shrike were seen on the east side of Ruwen-
zori, but were not met with above an elevation of 5000 ft—R. B. W.]

Family SYLVIID&.

MELOCICHLA MENTALIS (Fraser).
Melocichla mentalis Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 588 (1905); Grant, Ibis, 1907, p. 594 [Baro
River], 1908, p. 298 [Tanganyika].
Melocichla mentalis atricauda Reich.; Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 539 (1905).
a. 3. Entebbe, 3500 ft., 20th Nov. [No. 1. &. E. D.]
b-e. ¢ 2. 100-130 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 6th—9th Dec. [Nos. 31, 33,
AV BD L053. DCs
fH. 62. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 28th & 29th April. [Nos. 1450,

d. d.
1455. D. C.; 2303. G. L.; 3289. R. B. W.] :
k-n. 3. Mokia, 8.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 8th-30th May. [Nos. 303, 393. R. E. D. ;

a.
15765 D, 6; 3358: Ro. W.]
o-u. 6 Qets¢ 2imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 2nd—30th June. [Nos. 410.

R. E. D.; 1628, 1629, 1630, 1713, 1714. D. C.; 3477. RB. B. WW]

y. Adult. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 8th July. [No. 47. R. £. D.]

w. ¢. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 20th July. [No. 2417. G. L.]

Iris cream-colour, yellow, or light brown ; bill black, basal part of the lower mandible
white or pale slate-colour ; feet varying from slate-blue to dark grey.

The two subspecies of this large Grass-Warbler have already been discussed at some
length in my paper on the birds from the Sobat and Baro Rivers quoted above. ‘The
splendid series procured by the Expedition, and representing the greater part of the
year, includes several immature examples. These may be recognized by the narrow
sandy margins to the feathers of the occiput, nape, and mantle, as well as to the
secondary quills, but in other respects the plumage is similar to that of the adult.

[This species was seen at Entebbe and throughout the journey to Ruwenzori. It was
not uncommon at the north and south ends of the range and was also met with in the
Semliki Valley, but it was never seen on the mountains.—Z. B. Wea

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 347

CisTICOLA RUFA (Fraser).
Cisticola rufa Reich. Vog. Afr. 11. p. 567 (1905).

a. 3. 80 miles W. of Entebbe, 3800 ft., 2nd Dec. [No. 3023. R. B. W.]

b. &. 120 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 8th Dec. [No. 3038. R. B. W.]

c,d. &. Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 26th & 28th Sept. [Nos. 3615, 3617. Baal

e. &. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 4000 ft., 8th May. [No. 1520. D. C.]

Iris pale brown or olive-brown ; bill olive-brown, yellowish-brown, or black (in May) ;
feet light brown.

(The small Rufous Grass- Warbler was obtained near Entebbe and a few were seen
at the north end of Ruwenzori. A single specimen was killed at the south end of the
range on the bare grassy foot-hills. It was by no means a common bird.—R. B. W.]

CISTICOLA TERRESTRIS (Smith).
Cisticola terrestris Reich. Vig. Afr. ili. p. 558 (1905).
a. &. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 25th April. [No. 1429. D. C.]

(SPA Ae &, i" » Ist-19th May. [Nos. 1515, 1591. D. €;

S301, 3338: hy Baia
fH. ¢ @. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 12th-17th June. [Nos. 1641*. D. C.;
3468, 3470, 3471. Rk. B. W.)

Iris pale brown, olive-brown, or hazel; bill black, base of lower mandible grey;
feet light flesh-colour or pale brown.

[The small Terrestrial Grass- Warbler was a very common species on the plains around
the south end of Ruwenzori, especially in the flat open country, where there was no bush.
Anyone who has travelled in Africa must be familiar with these little birds, which, rising
suddenly from the grass, fly up into the air, and, circling round and round, utter a
continuous clicking sound. Sometimes they rise to such a height that they are lost to
sight, but even then their clicking note can still be distinctly heard. —f. B. Wa

CiIsTICOLA CARRUTHERS! Grant.

Cisticola carruthersi Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xxiii. p. 94 (1909).

a. 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 17th June. |No. 1640. D.C. Type of the
species. |

Iris pale brown; bill black; feet pale brown.

This species is allied to C. lugubris, but may be at once recognized by the following
points :—The bill is long and slender (as in the genus Camaroptera); the outer webs
of the primary-quills are brownish (not rufous) ; and the whole upper surface of the tail-
feathers is black tipped with white, while on the under surface the wide subterminal
black bands are scarcely distinguishable from the greyer basal portion of the feathers.

Total length ca. 4:8 inches; culmen 0:58 ; wing 2°2; tail 2:05; tarsus 0°82.
3A 2

o48 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

CisticoLA ERYTHROPS (Hartl.). (Plate XIX. fig. 11, egg.)
Cisticola erythrops Reich. Vég. Afr. iii. p. 568 (1905); Sharpe, Ibis, 1908, p. 317
[Cameroon].
a. 3. 80 miles W. of Entebbe, 3800 ft., 2nd Dec. [No. 3022. RUB. W.]
b. 3. 150 miles W. of Entebbe, 5000 ft., 12th Dec. [No. 1057. D. C.]
c. 2. Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 28th Sept. [No. 3518. 2. B. W.]
d. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 3lst Dec. [No. 1077. D. C.]
e,f. 6%. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 28th April. [Nos. 3286, 3287. 2.

g-p. 6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 3rd-25th May. [Nos. 354. R. HE. D.;

1483, 1528, 1595. D. C.; 2332, 2388. G. L.; 3810, 3314, 3413. R. B. W.]

qr. 6. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 3rd & 4th June. [ Nos: 42. tid 2D. ;
3454. Rk. B. W.|

s. 6. Butagu Valley, W. Ruwenzori, 4000 ft., 30th July. [No. 2440. G. L.]

Iris pale brown, hazel, or olive-brown ; upper mandible black, lower whitish or
blue-grey ; feet pale brown or flesh-colour.

A pair of birds killed on the 28th of April (Nos. 3286 and 3287) had a nest with four
eggs, which may be described as follows:—Of a regular oval shape and distinctly
glossy. The ground-colour pale greenish-blue, spotted and blotched, especially round
the larger end where the markings form a zone, with light red and purplish-grey.
The four eggs measure respectively 69 x°51, 70 X52, "70 X°53, ‘71 X°53 in.

The nest, which was placed in a low bush about three feet from the ground, was
formed by fastening three leaves together; it was not domed, but lined with fine grass
and the down of plants. It contained four slightly incubated eggs.

[The Buff-breasted Grass-Warbler was seen near Entebbe and throughout the
journey to Ruwenzori. It was plentiful on the plains all round the mountains, but was
never met with above 5000 ft. It seems chiefly to frequent the small water-courses
and streams and the edges of swamps.—. B. W.]

CISTICOLA LATERALIS (Fraser).
Cisticola lateralis Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 562 (1905).
a. 3. Lower Semliki Valley, 2000 ft., 10th Oct. [No. 3623. R. B. W.]

Tris light hazel ; bill dark horn-colour ; feet light brown.

[This Grass-Warbler was met with at the extreme north end of Ruwenzori on the
spurs projecting into the Semliki Valley near Lake Albert, and also among the acacia-
country in the Semliki Valley N.W. of the range. In the field it could be at once
distinguished from C. chubsi—which it resembled in appearance—by its pleasant song,

which is composed of loud clear notes, quite unlike that of any other species of Cisticola

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 349

to be met with in the district. ‘The two species were never found in the same locality,
for C. lateralis was not seen above 2500 ft., while C. chubbi was never met with below

5000 f.—R. B. W.]

CisTICcOLA EMINI Reichenow.
Cisticola emini Reich. J. f. O. 1892, p.56 [Bussisi, S. of Victoria Nyanza]; Grant, Ibis, 1908,
p. 297 [N.W. of Lake Tanganyika].
Cisticola rufopileata emini Reich. Vog. Afr. in. p. 562 (1905).
Cisticola woosnami Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xxi. p. 72 (1908).

d.
a-i. ¢ 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 24th-30th April. [Nos. 251, 252.

d. d,
R. E. D.; 1428, 1440, 1441, 1445, 1459, 1463. D. C.; 3280. R. B. W.]
k-y. 6 etd Qimm. Mokia, $.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 5th-30th May. [Nos. 286,

9864, 319, 328, 335, 395. R. E. D.; 1575. D. C.; 3339, 3340 *, 3351, 3353, 3369,
3371 *, 3384, 3387. A. B. W.|

z. é6imm., Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 2nd June. [No. 3444. R. B. W.]

I have re-examined the large series of Grass-Warblers, which I at first considered
to represent a distinct species and separated under the name of C. woosnami, and am
now satisfied that they should have been referred to C. emini Reich.

The species is nearly allied to C. pileata Reich., and, like that species, has the lores
white, but the bill is shorter, the culmen more curved, the under mandible always pale
horn-colour, the top of the head browner, not chestnut, and the upperparts much
lighter and of an olive-brown. Tris hazel; upper mandible black, lower mandible
whitish horn-colour ; feet flesh-colour.

The male, besides being larger than the female, is easily distinguished by having the
sides and flanks olive-grey: in the female these parts are bright buff. This sexual
difference in plumage explains the differences noted in the bird collected by
Mr. Carruthers at Baraka (ef. ‘ Ibis,’ 1908, p. 297).

Young birds have the upperparts, including the crown, uniformly reddish-brown ;
the chin, throat, and middle of the breast being washed with yellow, as is usual among
young birds of this genus.

$. Total length ca. 5-0 inches; culmen 0°58; wing 2°6; tail 2:1; tarsus 0°9.

OF eS x Alor tA iae = TOPS 4, Bellare yf assis se RRS.
[Although Emin’s Grass-Warbler so closelyresembles C. chubbi in appearance, both
its habits and notes are totally different and it frequents a different kind of country.
C. chubbi, which is found on Ruwenzori from 5000 to 8000 ft., is essentially a bird
of the elephant-grass country, and is never seen among the short grass and acacia-
trees at the south end of the range. (. emini is met with only in the acacia-country

* Types of Cisticola woosnami Grant.

350 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

at the foot of the mountains at an elevation of 3400 ft., and is never found among the
elephant-grass at 5000 ft. ‘The note of C. emini, which is a curious long trill, is quite
unlike that of C. chubbi. Both species are very numerous where they occur, but they
are never found together. C. eméni is a bird of rather retiring habits and is not often
seen, except when it utters its curious note. Then the male bird takes up a
position in some high acacia-tree and, sitting motionless, gives forth every few minutes
a long trill which seems to be ventriloquised, for, as a rule, it is most difficult

to locate.—R. B. W.]

CISTICOLA BELLI Grant.
Cisticola belti Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xxi. p. 71 (1908).

a. 3d. Mokia, 8.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 3lst May. [No. 3434. Rk. B.W. Type
of the species. |

The single male specimen is most nearly allied to C. chubbi Sharpe, and as in that
species the lores are black, but it differs in the following particulars :—The bill is long
and more slender; the back and wing-coverts greyer brown; the tail much shorter
(i.e. 54 mm. as compared with 65 mm. in C. chubdi), with the middle pair of feathers
conspicuously barred, and the outer pairs tipped with grey and edged with white (not
with buff or clay-colour). The outer edges of the primary-quills are conspicuously
rufous-brown.

From C. emini Reichenow, which is also found in the same locality, it may be at
once distinguished by having the bill longer and less curved; the under mandible
black instead of pale horn-colour; the lores black instead of white ; and the back greyer,
contrasting with the reddish-brown crown. Iris hazel; bill black; feet light brown.

Total length ca. 5°2 inches ; culmen 0°65; wing 2°35; tail 2°05; tarsus 1:0.

This species is named in honour of Mr. W. A. Bell, one of the Subscribers to the
Ruwenzori Expedition.

{A single specimen of Bell’s Grass-Warbler was shot in the papyrus-swamp on the
edge of Lake Edward at an altitude of 3000 ft. In appearance it closely resembles
C. chubbhi, which is found on Ruwenzori from 5000-8000 ft., but is mever seen in the
vicinity of Lake Edward, where the present species occurs, (C. lateralis again,
which it also resembles, is found at the north end of the range and near Lake
Albert, but inhabits the dry acacia-country. A third species, C. emini, which also
resembles C. belli, is found near the same locality, but inhabits only the dry acacia-
country at the foot of the mountains and is never seen or heard near the papyrus-
swamps on the lake. ‘These three species of Cisticola (C. chubbi, C. lateralis, and
C. emini) have distinctive and striking notes, which could not have failed to attract
attention if heard in the papyrus-swamp. C. belli was evidently breeding, as the
testes in the male procured were much enlarged. Although only one specimen was
obtained, others were seen in the same locality.— 2. B. W.}

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 301

CisticoLa cHUBBI Sharpe. (Plate XIX. fig. 14, egg.)
Cisticola chubbi Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 561 (1905); Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p.545 (Ruwenzori) ;
Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xxi. p. 73 (1908).
a-d. 6 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 30th & 31st Dec. [Nos. 58.

d.
R. FE. D.; 2039, 2041, 2043. G. L.] x
e-p. 6 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 1st-28th Jan. [Nos. 125,133.

4 d. d. d.
ieee l0S2 ei sammlso. 099. 1138. D. Crs 2046; 2123: Gols olOs SIT:
Hee BW .| d.

qg-t. 6 9. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 8th & 11th Feb. [Nos. 152,

d.
153, 2. EL. Ds sloomolons &. 2. W |
ua’. 6 2 et ¢imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000-7000 ft., 9th—23rd

March. [ Nos. 2A DL: W334, 1352. DSC 207 6, 2291, GE SoZlGw S252
hes BD. W..|

Iris chestnut, hazel, or dark brown; bill black ; feet flesh-colour or light brown.

An immature male differs from the adult in having the upperparts reddish-brown,
almost like the crown, the dusky subterminal spots to the tail-feathers very indistinct,
and the tips of the feathers light rust-colour.

Two eggs are of a regular oval form and somewhat glossy. The ground-colour is
pale blue, very finely marked all over, but especially round the larger end, with light
red. They measure respectively *78 ‘56 and °75 X*56 inch.

[Chubb’s Grass-Warbler was found on Ruwenzori from 5000 ft. up to the forest-
line and in all the open clearings up to 8000 ft. On reaching Ruwenzori this species
was one of the first birds to attract attention, not only on account of its numbers and
its fearlessness of man, but because of its loud note and curious habits. The male
birds seem to spend almost the whole day in singing, always two and sometimes
three or four joining together. As a rule, however, two are to be seen on a tall grass-
stem close together and facing each other. With tails spread they bob up and down,
bowing to each other and turning round and round in the most amusing manner,
while at the same time they keep up an incessant babel of noise. Suddenly one will
fly off to another spot and be followed by the others, when the same performance is
repeated. ‘The song always sounds as if each of the birds was singing a different part,
and for this reason we nicknamed them the “ Duet Grass-Warblers.” A nest found
in January was placed in a bunch of dead grass about 5 feet from the ground. It
was domed and composed of blades of dead grass and roots, lined with finer grass
and roots. It matched its surroundings so perfectly that it was quite invisible.—

R. BW.)

352 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

CISTICOLA RUFOPILEATA Reichenow.
Cisticola rufopileata Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 561 (1905); Sharpe, Ibis, 1908, p. 318
[Cameroon ].
a,b. 6 9. Mawambi, E. Congo Forest, 2500 ft., 30th Oct. | Nos. 3648, 3649.
sD. We

Tris hazel; bill black; feet flesh-colour.
[A pair of Reichenow’s Rufous-headed Grass-Warbler was obtained in a small
clearing in the Eastern Congo Forest near Mawambi; the song was very similar to

that of C. chubbi—R. B. W.]

CISTICOLA NUCHALIS Reichenow.
Cisticola robusta nuchalis Reich. Vog. Afr. il. p. 555 (1905).
a. 6. 30 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 25th Nov. [No. 3004. &. B. W.]
b. ¢. 120 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 8th Dec. [No. 2025. G. L.]
c. é. Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 26th Sept. [No. 3616. R. Bb. W.]

Tris light brown; bill black; feet brown or flesh-colour.

There is a large series of specimens of C. nuchalis in Mr. Jackson’s collection, which
have also been examined.

[This Grass-Warbler was seen near Entebbe and on the plains on the east side of
Ruwenzori, where it was not uncommon.—R. B. W.|

CISTICOLA LUGUBRIS (Riipp.).
Cisticola lugubris Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 552 (1905).
a-g. 6 etimm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 13th-20th June. [Nos. 1653,

d. d.
1654, 1655, 1656, 1657. D. C.; 3472, 3488. R. B. W.]

h-k. 6. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 22nd—24th July. [Nos. 1739, 1757.
D.C. 3622. h. B. W.]

Iris pale brown or hazel; bill black; feet pale brown or pale flesh-colour,

Eight of the specimens procured proved to be males; in the other two the sex was
not ascertained.

No. 1657, which is almost certainly the young of this species, has the general colour
of the upperparts reddish-brown, the feathers of the crown, as well as those of the
mantle, being streaked with black; the middle tail-feathers and the margins of the
outer pairs reddish-brown; and the flanks and under tail-coverts buff, much brighter
than in the adult.

(The Mournful Grass-Warbler was met with occasionally on the plains at the south
end of Ruwenzori, but was a very uncommon bird. , A few examples were also seen on
the edge of the Eturi Forest near Fort Beni. The song of this bird is totally different

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 393

from that of any other species of Cisticola, and resembles the last half of the song of
the Yellow Bunting (Emberiza citrinella)— k. B. W.)

CISTICOLA STRANGEI (Fraser).
Cisticola strangei Reich. Vog. Afr. m1. p. 545 (1905).

a,b. 3. Near Entebbe, 3500 ft., 20th & 26th Nov. [Nos. 2. R. FE. D.; 1012.
TURNOR)

c. 6. 100 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 5th Dec. [No. 2018. G. Z.]

d-k. 6 2 et d imm. Mokia, 8.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 26th & 27th April. [Nos.
POO 240, 20, ephopoamee sD. C5 2204. G. Ms 3206, 3211. 2. Baye

Ls. 6 9 et ¢imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 7th-23rd May. [Nos. 333,

334, 336. BR. E. D.; 1514, 1519, 1548. D. C.; 3380, 3401. Rk. B. W.]

t,u. [3d ]-2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 18th—2lst June. [Nos. 1644,
1662. D. C.]

Iris light brown or hazel; bill, in the male, blackish, with the lower mandible
partly or entirely whitish horn-colour ; in the female, light horn-colour; legs varying
from flesh-colour to pale brown.

In the present collection the females and immature males differ somewhat from the
adult males, and it is with some hesitation that I have referred them to C. strangei.
They have the occiput and nape more or less rufous-brown, the feathers of the crown
and upperparts deep black widely margined with pale rufous-brown, and the flanks
and under tail-coverts of a rather bright pale buff. In males of typical C. strangei
procured in the same locality (S.E. Ruwenzori) and at the same season, the upperparts
are altogether darker, the feathers of the crown and back of a browner black margined
with dark greyish-brown, while the flanks and under tail-coverts are pale greyish-buff.
It should be noted that the adult males are all in more or less worn plumage, whereas
the two immature males and five females are in freshly moulted plumage. ‘The bill of
the male is larger and blacker than that of the female.

Males. Wing 2°7—2°75 inches.

Females. Wing 2°25—2°35 inches.

[Strange’s Grass-Warbler was seen near Entebbe and during the march to
Ruwenzori. It was numerous on the plains all round the mountains, but was never
seen above an altitude of 3400 ft. It was oneof the most conspicuous species of the
genus Cisticola, for it has a loud note, which is often uttered while the bird is
hovering about above the grass—F. B. W.|

SCH@NICOLA APICALIS (Cabanis),
Schenicola apicalis Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 577 (1905) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 545 [Toro |.
a. Adult. 40 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 27th Noy. [No. 1015. D. C.]
VOL. xIx.—ParT iv. No. 47.—March, 1910. 3B

354 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

6. ¢. Luimi Valley, N.E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., Ist Oct. [No. 3621. R. B. W.]
c. ¢. South Ruwenzori, 3000 ft., 20th June. [No. 2410. G. L.]

Iris light brown or hazel ; upper mandible blackish, lower pale horn-colour ; feet

brown or light brown.
The male bird procured by Mr. Legge on the 20th of June was breeding, and there is
a note on the label stating that the sinews in the legs were like wire. ‘This specimen
is in very worn plumage and the feathers of the head and throat are in moult.
[The Fan-tailed Reed-Warbler was found all round Ruwenzori below 5000 ft., but not
in the elephant-grass country. It was not uncommon in the Semliki Valley near Lake

Edward.—l. B. W.]

Genus BRADYPTERUS.

The species comprising this genus are of particular interest for the following reasons.
They may be naturally divided into two sections :—

I. Possessing 12 tail-feathers, with the shafts moderately stiff and with the vanes normally
developed.

. brachypterus (Vieill.). S.E. & S. Africa.

" abyssinicus Blundell & Lovat. N.E. Africa (S. Abyssinia).

. sylvaticus Sundev. 8S. Africa.

. nyass@ Shelley. S.E. Africa (Nyasaland).

. alfredi Hartl, C. Africa (Lake Albert : Ruwenzori).

. babeculus (Vieill.). S.E. & 8. Africa.

. victorint Sundev. 8S. Africa.

. cinnamomeus (Riipp.). E.& C. Africa. Typical examples of this species from the
mountains of Shoa, Mount Kenya, and Kikuyu possess 12 tail-feathers, but in a
large series of specimens from Ruwenzori only 10 tail-feathers are found, though
one example has the abnormal number of 11 (six on the right side and five on the
left). It is thus evident that the birds from Ruwenzori, though differing in no
way in plumage from specimens from Shoa, show symptoms of becoming gradually
differentiated into a distinct form, a point which appears to be of the greatest
interest. It will be seen that the specimen of B. cinnamomeus from Ruwenzori
figured by Mr. Pycraft to show the pterylography possesses only 10 tail-feathers.

be by by bs by bats

(See Appendix, text-figure 14, p. 455.)
10% Possessing 10 pointed tail-feathers, with stiff shafts and with narrow disintegrate webs.

B. barake Sharpe. C. Africa (Ruwenzori).

B. lopesi Alexander. W. Africa (Fernando Po).

B. camerunensis Alexander. W. Africa (Peak of Cameroon, 7000 ft.).

? B. castaneus Reichenow, W. Africa (Bangwa Dist., N. Cameroon). I have not been able
to examine an example of this species, which appears to be nearly allied to B. baraka.

It was, at first, my intention to separate the species with 10 tail-feathers under a
new generic name, on account of the very different character of their tail-feathers,

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 359

which recall those of the genus Stipiturus, but the fact that in the species 2. cinna-
momeus a somewhat intermediate type is found possessing either 10 or 12 tail-feathers,
seems to indicate that all the species must be considered co-generic.

BRADYPTERUS BARAK (Sharpe). (Plate XVI. fig. 3, ¢.)

Phlexis rufescens Sharpe (nec Sharpe, 1876), Bull. B.O.C. xiii. p. 9 (1902).
Bradypterus rufescens Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 580 (1905).
Bradypterus barake Sharpe, Ibis, 1906, p. 546 [Ruwenzori].

a,b. ¢ 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000-8000 ft., 7th & 15th Jan. [Nos.
52. D.Cl 2 S0nGaenaebe WV |
ef. ¢ 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000-9000 ft., 3rd—26th March. [Nos.

M8. he ED ae Cs: 3192, 3276. B. BY Wi

Iris dark brown or dark hazel; bill blackish, lower mandible mostly light horn-colour
or greyish ; feet brown, light brown, or pale olive-green.

The birds are all fully adult and differ in no way from the type-specimen.

This species appears to be very closely allied to B. castaneus Reich. from Cameroon,
but the latter is described as having the throat white.

{| Baraka’s Reed-Warbler was found on Ruwenzori from an elevation of 6500 up to
8500 ft., and inhabited the darkest parts of the forest-zone, especially where there
was dense undergrowth. Like Bradypterus cinnamomeus, this bird always appeared
wet and draggled from creeping about among the dripping undergrowth. It seemed
very rarely to use its wings.— ft. B. W.|

BRADYPTERUS CINNAMOMEUS (Riipp.).
Bradypterus cinnamomeus Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 581 (1905); Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 545
[Ruwenzori ].
Bradypterus rufoflavidus Reich. & Neumann ; Reich. Vég. Afr. iii. p. 582 (1905) [immature |.
a-c. 5 et 6 vixad. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000-9000 ft., 8th-23rd Jan.
[Nos. 1117, 1157, 1183. D. C]
d-h. 6 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000—10,000 ft., 10th-28th Feb. [Nos.

d.

IGG H. LALO eases Cr) 3158, 3170, 302i BW.)
i. Imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 9000 ft., 10th March. [No. 1315. D. €.]
k-o. 6 2. Butagu Valley, W. Ruwenzori,/000 ft., lst August. [Nos. 499. R. E. D. ;

1763, 1764. D. C.; 3529, 3533. R. B. WI
Tris brown or hazel ; bill blackish, lower mandible lighter ; feet brown or light brown.
An immature bird {No. 1315] shot by Mr. Carruthers differs from the adult in
having the top of head and upperparts, except the wings and tail, olive-brown,
with scarcely a trace of rufous. The superciliary stripes, sides of the face, chin, and

3B 2

13

56 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

~

e

throat, as well as the middle of the breast and belly, of a pale soiled yellowish colour.
The pectoral band, which is interrupted by a yellow patch in the middle, as well as the
sides and flanks, dark tawny brown. Wing 2°25 inches; tail 2°4. Iris dark hazel ;
bill black, yellow at the base of the lower mandible; feet very light brown.

Remarks on some points in the anatomy of this species by Mr. W. P. Pycraft will
be found in the Appendix to this paper, p. 454.

| Riippell’s Reed-Warbler was found on Ruwenzori from an elevation of 6500 to
13,000 ft. It frequented the undergrowth, especially where it was densest, and was
particularly numerous at about 10,000 ft., where the bottoms of the valleys were
swampy and full of low rank vegetation. Among this it was always to be found
creeping about and constantly uttering a single note, almost exactly like that of the
Hedge-Sparrow. Both B. cinnamomeus and B. barakw have also a loud short song of
stridulous notes, which they often utter with startling suddenness. One cannot fail to
remark the striking resemblance of the song of these two birds to that of Cetti’s
Warbler (Cettia cetti), and their habits are exactly the same. Another marked point
of resemblance is the extraordinary development of the leg-muscles and the tough
wiry sinews—in fact, the three species are so much alike that one almost wonders
they should have been separated generically.—2. B. W. |

BRADYPTERUS ALFREDI Hartl. (Plate XVI. fig. 1, 2.)
Bradypterus alfredi Reich, Vog. Afr. iii. p. 579 (1905).

a. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 5th April. [No. 2276. G. L.]

Tris dark brown ; upper mandible black, lower slate-colour; feet brown.

I have compared this bird with the type-specimen in the Tring Museum, which was
obtained by min at Njangabo, in Ndussuma, to the west of Lake Albert, and find that
they are quite similar. ‘This species is new to the British Museum.

[A single specimen of this rare Reed-Warbler was obtained by Mr. Gerald Legge on
the east side of Ruwenzori among the grass and dense vegetation below the forest-line
at 5000 ft. It had the great development of leg-muscles and wiry sinews noticed in
other species of the genus Bradypterus and in Schenicola apicalis.—R. B. W.|

CALAMOCICHLA NILOTICA Neumann.
Calamocichla ansorgei nilotica Neumann, Nov. Zool. xv. p. 246 (1908).

a. Immature [?2]. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 27th March. [No.
2261. G. L.|

6. ¢imm. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 24th July. [No. 3521. R. B. W.|

Iris dark brown ; bill brown; feet dark grey or slate-blue.

Professor Neumann, who has recently devoted much time and attention to the study of
this difficult group of birds, has referred both specimens in the present collection to a

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES, 507

new subspecies which he has called Calamocichla ansorgei nilotica. As pointed out by
Professor Neumann, this form may be distinguished from C. rufescens Sharpe & Bouvier
by the much larger hind claw, 11-12 mm. in length.

[This Reed- Warbler occurs near Entebbe and all round Ruwenzori below 5000 ft. It
is seldom seen, owing to its habit of keeping to the dense patches of elephant-grass and
reeds, but its harsh raucous notes never fail to betray its presence.—2. B. IW. |

SYLVIA ATRICAPILLA (Linn.).
Sylvia atricapilla Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 650 (1905).

a,b. . Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., 9th & 27th Jan. [Nos. 82. Rk. HL. D.;
ZS: G. L5|

c. 2. Mubuku Valley, KE. Ruwenzori, 6500 ft., 11th Feb. [No. 3161. Rk. B. W.]
os - 7000 ft., 16th March. [No. 3225. R. B. W.]

[The Blackcap was met with only on E. Ruwenzori at an elevation of from
6000-7000 ft. It had the iris hazel or dark brown; the bill blackish-brown, dark
brown, or grey; and the feet grey, olive-grey, or bluish-grey.—F. B. W.]

hs Che sé

SYLVIA HORTENSIS Linn.
Sylvia simplex Lath.; Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 649 (1905).
a. 3. 130 miles W. of Entebbe, 4200 ft., 9th Dec. [No. 1052. D. C.]
b. 3. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 16th March. [No. 205. R. EF. D.]

[The Garden-Warbler was seldom seen. The iris is dark brown or dark hazel: the
bil black, lighter on the lower mandible; and the feet slate-colour or grey.—R. B. W.|

PHYLLOSCOPUS EVERSMANNI (Bonap. ).
Phylloscopus trochilus eversmanni Hartert, Vg. Pal. Faun. pt. iv. p. 509 (1907).
a. d. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., 8th Feb. [No. 3150. &. B. W.]

This appears to be an adult male of Eversmann’s Willow-Warbler.
Wing 2°9 inches. Both the remiges and rectrices are in moult.

PHYLLOSCOPUS TROCHILUS (Linn.).
Phylloscopus trochilus Reich. Vég, Afr. iii. p. 644 (1905),
a. Immature. Entebbe, 3500 ft., 21st Nov. [No. 6. R. E. Dz}
6. 9. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 16th March. [No. 207. R. E. D.)
The female Willow-Warbler, shot in March, is in full moult.

APALIS DENTI Grant. (Plate XIV. fig. 3, 9.)

Be 5

Apalis denti Grant, Bull. B.O.C. xix. p. 86 (1907).

a. 2. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 16th Sept. [No. 521. R. £. D.
Type of the species. |

398 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

This species is most nearly allied to A. rufogularis (Fraser), but is distinguished by
having a shorter bill, with the under mandible entirely black, the throat and chest of
a paler and brighter brick-red, and the breast and belly pure white, without any trace
of olive.

Iris hazel ; bill black ; feet flesh-colour.

Total length 4:3 inches; wing 1:9; tail 1°85; tarsus 0:72.

[A single specimen of this new species was shot by Mr. R. E. Dent in the top of a
tall tree in the Mpanga Forest. It was the only specimen seen.—. B. W.]

APALIS AFFINIS Grant. (Plate XIV. fig. 2, 2.)
Apalis affinis Grant, Bull. B.O.C. xvi. p. 116 (1906).
Apalis porphyrolema Jackson (nec Reich, & Neumann), Ibis, 1906, p. 546 [Ruwenzori].
a.b. 3 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 11th January. [Nos. 88, 89.
RE. D. Types of the species. |
This Alpine species is most nearly allied to A. porphyrolema Reich. & Neum., but
has the throat-patch of a much darker chestnut-colour.
Iris light hazel; bill black ; feet light brown.
Total length about 4°5 inches; culmen 0°5; wing 2:0 ; tail 2-1; tarsus 0-7.
| During the first week of our stay on Ruwenzori Mr. R. E. Dent one morning shot
four examples of this little bird out of a flock of six or eight individuals. ‘They were
seen in the top of a tall tree in the forest at 6000 ft. ‘Two of them were much knocked
about by the shot or splinters of wood, and, thinking that we were certain to procure
many more specimens during our stay, only a pair was preserved. Unfortunately these
proved to be the only ones met with by the Expedition. It is remarkable that the
two new species of the genus Apalis should have been obtained by Mr. Dent under
almost exactly similar circumstances.
A. affinis must be a very rare bird, and probably A. denti is equally so.—R. B. W.]

APALIS CANICEPS (Cassin).

Eremomela caniceps Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 638 (1905).

a. 6. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 22nd July. [No. 3511. RB. B. W.]

Iris light hazel; bill black ; feet dark flesh-colour.

The characters of the genus Apalis require revision, for the present species
certainly belongs to this genus and not to Hremomela. The tailis longer and graduated
as in A. thoracica (Shaw & Nodd.) (the type of Apalis), and not short and square-
ended as in £. flaviventris (Burch.) (the type of Hremome/a).

[A single specimen was obtained on the edge of the Eturi Forest, at Fort Beni. It
was breeding at the end of July.—2&. B. W.]

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT— AVES. * 359

APALIS JACKSONI Sharpe.

Apalis jacksoni Reich. Vog. Afr. 11. p. 608 (1905).

a,b. ¢ 9. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 18th & 19th Sept. [Nos. 3582,
3583. L. B. W.]

Iris dark brown ; bill black ; feet light brown.

The only example in the British Museum of this beautiful little Bush-Warbler is the
type-specimen, which was procured by Mr. Jackson on Mount Elgon. His collector
subsequently procured an adult male and two females at Kibiran, Toro.

[A few examples of Jackson’s Bush-Warbler were met with in the Mpanga Forest,
east of Ruwenzori. ‘They were seen only in the tree-tops.—2. Bb. W.]

APALIS BINOTATA Reichenow.

Apalis binotata Reich. J.f. O. 1896, p. 41, pl. v. [Cameroon: 3]; id. Vég. Afr. ui. p. 608
(1905) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1908, p. 320 [R. Ja, Cameroon].

a. 2. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 15th Sept. [No. 3567. R. B. W.|

Tris light chestnut ; bill black ; feet light brown.

As pointed out by Dr. Sharpe, the sexes in this species differ slightly from each
other in plumage; the bird described and figured by Dr. Reichenow with a white
patch on either side of the throat being the male, while the female has a broad band of
white on either side extending from the chin to the base of the throat.

‘The present specimen differs slightly from typical female specimens from Cameroon
in having the white streak on each side of the throat reduced in width and the bill
distinctly shorter (-05 inch as compared with -06).

Female specimens from Toro in the Jackson Collection are indistinguishable from
Cameroon birds.

[This species of Bush-Warbler was very plentiful in the Mpanga Forest.—k. B. IW. |

APALIS PERSONATA Sharpe.
Apalis personata Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 608 (1905); Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 547 [Ruwenzori |.
af. ¢ 2 et ¢ imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-9000 ft., 6th—25th Jan.

a.
{Nos. 70, 106, 126. R. #. D.; 1112, 1121, 1143. D. C.]
g. ¢. Mubuku Valley, KE. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 6th Feb. [No. 1218. D. C.]
h-q. 6 9 et ¢ imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-9000 ft., 8th—22nd

d. d. d. i "
March. [Nos. 1303, 1316, 1319, 1367, 1395, 1408. D. €.; 3194, 3226, 3237. BR. B. W.]
Iris hazel or light brown ; bill black ; feet brown, hight brown, or flesh-coloured.

‘Three males (Nos. 106, 3226, 3237) have the hinder part of the crown mixed with
olive-coloured feathers like those of the back. ‘This appears to be a sign of immaturity ;

360 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

but in other respects they resemble the adult, which has the entire crown sooty black.
One male (No. 1112), apparently an old bird, has the black feathers of the crown separated
from the olive-coloured mantle by a narrow slate-grey collar. Another male (No. 1143)
has olive-green patches, instead of yellow, on either side of the blackichest ; this also is
probably a character due to age, as the bird shows traces of the grey nuchal collar
referred to in specimen No. 1112.

(The Masked Bush-Warbler was met with on Ruwenzori up to 9000 ft. and was
numerous in the forest-zone, almost always frequenting the tree-tops, though it was
also occasionally to be found among the undergrowth.—R. B. W.]

APALIS RUWENZORII Jackson. (Plate XIV. fig. 4, ¢ .)

Apalis ruwenczorii Reich. Vég. Afr. iii. p. 606 (1905) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 547 [Ruwen-
zor].

a-d. 3. Mukubu Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-8000 ft., 13th-18th Jan.

a.
[Nos. 1147, 1155. D. C.; 2095. G. L.; 3105. R. B. W.]
ée. ¢. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., llth Feb. [No. 1226. D. C.]
Hex aces ae - Af 6000-9000 ft., 6th—25th March. [Nos. 199.

d. d. a. a.
R. FE. D.; 1296, 1297, 1298, 1318, 1874. D. 6; 2242, 2248. G. L.; 3196, 3197,

3097. R. B. Wi]

r. Adult. Butagu Valley, W. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., Ist Aug. [No. 3528. R. B. W.]

Iris hazel or light brown; bill black ; feet brown or flesh-colour.

(The Ruwenzori Bush-Warbler was met with from 6500 ft. up to 10,000 ft., but it
was rarely seen above 8500 ft. It was numerous in the forest-zone and lower margin of
the bamboos, and was always to be found skulking about among the dense undergrowth
or in some tangled mass of creepers hanging from the lower branches of a tree. This
species was never seen in the tree-tops, while the two other members of the genus
(A. personata Sharpe and A. affinis Grant) found on Ruwenzori frequent the tree-tops
almost entirely —R. B. W.]

APALIS PULCHELLA (Cretzschm. ).
Phyllolais hildegarde Sharpe; Grant & Reid, Ibis, 1901, p. 649 [S. Abyssinia].
Phyllolais pulchella Grant, Ibis, 1902, p. 419 [White Nile]; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 548
[Toro }.
Apalis hildegarde Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 603 (1905).
Apalis pulchella Reich. 1. c. p. 610.

d.
a-e. 6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 26th-30th April. [Nos. 1444, 1447,
1458. D. C.; 3283, 3298. R. B. W.]

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 361

d. d.
f-u. ¢ 2. Mokia, 8. E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 5th-23rd May. [Nos. 261, 320.

Ki Be Ds; 1516, 1549, 1580. D.C. ; 3325, 3333, 3367, 3368, 3372, 3373, 3377, 3378,
3379, 3400. R. B. W.]

Iris hazel or light brown ; bill brown, light brown, or flesh-colour; feet pale brown
or flesh-colour.

The fine series of this species in the present collection makes it clear that P. hilde-
garde Sharpe must be regarded as a synonym; the supposed different colour of the
bill, which I at one time regarded as a distinctive character, being evidently of no
importance.

[The Beautiful Bush-Warbler was plentiful all around the south end of Ruwenzori,
both on the plains at the foot of the mountains and in the Semliki Valley. Its
favourite haunt was the tops of the smaller acacia-trees.—R. B. W. |

Einia Lepipa Hartlaub.

Eminia lepida Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 613 (1905) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 547 [Toro].

a,b. 6 @. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 and 7000 ft., 5th & 9th Jan.
[Nos. 66, 80. R. E. D.]

c,d. ¢ 9. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 tt.otm Keb. (iNos, slialesilo2:
he Bo W.||

e. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., 8th April. [No. 3270. R. B. W.]

f». ¢ @ et Qimm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3rd—26th May. [Nos. 346, 355.
R, E, D.; 1538, 1573, 1574, 1582, 1601, 1614: D. O.; 2367, 2401. G. Z.; 3313.
RYBOW.|

q. 6. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 18th July. [No. 3505. 2. B. W.]

Adult. Iris hazel, reddish-brown, or chestnut; bill black; feet light brown or fesh-
colour.

Immature. Differs from the adult only in having the chestnut on the throat and
under wing-coverts paler. Iris grey; bill black; feet pale yellow.

[A few examples of Emin’s Bush-Warbler were found on Ruwenzori up to 7000 ft.,
but they were uncommon, ‘They were plentiful on the plains below the mountains,
frequenting the more dense vegetation along the banks of streams. ‘Two nests were
found, one at the beginning of May and the other at the end of July, but both
contained young birds. One nest was suspended from a single creeper hanging over a
stream, under a great mass of tangled vegetation and creepers forming quite a tunnel.
The other was in a very similar situation, but was placed among the creepers and not
suspended. Both nests were partially domed and composed of fine roots and moss.
‘This bird has a short but very loud song composed of flute-like notes.—R. B. W.]

VOL. XIX.—PART Iv. No. 48.— March, 1910. 5) ©

362 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

SYLVIELLA BARAK Sharpe. (Plate XIX. fig. 6, egg.)

Sylviella barake Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. vii. p. 6 (1897) [Entebbe] ; Grant, Ibis, 1900, p. 156.
Sylvietta virens Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 631 (1905) [ part. ].

a-d. 6. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 22nd—24th July. [Nos. 1747. D.C.;
3510, 8517, 3525, R. B. W.]

Iris hazel or light brown; bill dusky horn-colour ; feet flesh-colour or brown.

This species can be distinguished from fully adult examples of the very closely
allied &. virens (Cassin) by having the superciliary stripe, as well as the chin and
throat, dull whitish instead of rufous, the chest less rufous, and the upper breast
greyer. Less mature examples of the two forms appear to be indistinguishable. The
West African S. virens is a rather more brightly coloured bird on the throat and
chest.

‘The specimens in the present collection are no doubt fully adult, and No. 3510 is
marked “ breeding” by Mr. Woosnam.

The egg figured forms part of Mr. F. J. Jackson’s collection.

[A few examples of Baraka’s Crombec were seen in the Eturi Forest between Fort
Beni and Irumu.—P. B. W.}

SYLVIELLA TOROENSIS Jackson.

Sylvietia toroensis Reich. Vég. Afr. 111. p. 632 (1905).
Sylviella toroensis Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 548 [Kibera R.].

a-c. ¢ 2 et ¢ imm. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 14th & 21st Sept.
[Nos. 8560, 3595, 3602. Rk. B. W.]

Adult. Iris hazel; bill horn-colour; feet brown.

Immature. Differs from the adult in having the upperparts strongly washed with
dark olive, the lores greyish, the sides of the throat pale yellowish, and the chest grey
washed with yellowish in the middle. Iris olive-brown ; bill horn-colour; feet ight
ereenish-brown.

| A few examples of the Toro Crombec were seen in the Mpanga Forest, E. of Ruwen-

zori.—R. B. W.|

SYLVIELLA LEUCOPHRYS Sharpe.
Sylvietta leucophrys Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 631 (1905).
Sylviella leucophrys Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 549 [Ruwenzori].

a. Adult. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 19th Sept. [No. 542. &. £. D.|
bf. 6 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000-8500 ft., 15th-16th Jan.

d.
[Nos. 94. R. BE. D.; 1134, 1140, 1141, 1156. D. C.]

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 365

g-k. 6 2 et imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-7000 ft., 3rd—22nd Feb.

a.
[Nos. 146. R. FH. D.; 1214, 1224. D.C.; 2164. &. L.]
L-q. ¢ 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6500-8000 ft., 3rd—24th March.

[Nos. 179, 192, 193. B. E. D.; 3242, 3243, 3260. B. B. W.]

r. Adult. Butagu Valley, W. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., lst Aug. [No. 2445. G. L.]

Iris hazel, dark chestnut, or brown; bill and feet brown or flesh-colour.

One adult female (No. 1140) differs from the rest of the series of specimens in
having the upperparts more olive and less brownish, especially on the rump.

An immature bird (No. 146) differs chiefly fron’ the adult in having the eyebrow-
stripe less developed and the breast smoky grey, the middle of the throat being
suffused with the same colour.

|The White-eyebrowed Crombec was found on Ruwenzori up to $500 ft., fre-
quenting the dense undergrowth both in the forest-zone and below it. It was also
found in the Mpanga Forest.—&. B. W.|

SYLVIELLA CARNAPI Reichenow 2?
Sylviella brachyura Grant, Ibis, 1900, p. 155 [part., Equatorial Africa] ; id. Ibis, 1907, p. 593.
Sylvietta carnapi Reich. Vég. Afr. iii. p. 628 (1905).
a,b. 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 26th & 29th April. [Nos. 1435, 1456.
DG's
c-k. 6 2. Mokia, 8.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., Ist-24th May. [Nos. 1509. D. C.;

2375. G@. L.; 3300, 3352, 3389, 3402, 3407, 3408. RB. W]

l. g. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 7th June. [No. 438. R. HE. D.|

This form ranges from the Bahr-el-Zeraf and Bahr-el-Jebel to Lake Edward. It
appears to be the same as S. carnapi Reich. from Cameroon, but I have no birds from
that locality for comparison. Dr. Reichenow’s description, however, seems to agree
with the birds from Mokia. They may be described as follows :—

Adult male and female. Most nearly allied to S. brachyura Lafr., but differ in
having the chin, throat, breast, sides, and flanks of a much richer rufous-buff, and the
bill distinctly shorter. The upper surface seems to be of much the same brownish-
grey colour in both forms.

g¢. Wing 2°25—2°35 inches.

2. 45. 2°05—2°2 x

Tris hazel, chestnut, or light brown; bill dark brownish horn-colour; feet flesh-
colour or very pale brown.

With a large series of specimens of both forms the difference between the two is at
once apparent.

364 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

The above-mentioned specimens are not so richly coloured on the underparts as in
S. olivie Alexander [cf. Bull. B. O. C. xxiii. p. 16 (1908)].

[This small species of Crombee was not uncommon in the acacia-country on the
plains around the south end of Ruwenzori and in the Semliki Valley near Lake Edward.
It seemed to frequent the acacia-trees almost exclusively.— 2. B. W.|

SYLVIELLA DENTI Grant. (Plate XIII. fig. 3, 3.)
Sylviella denti Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xix. p. 25 (1906).
Sylviella batesi Sharpe, Ibis, 1908, p. 319 [R. Ja, Cameroon].
a. 3. 10 miles N.W. of Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 10th Aug. [No. 3539.
Rh. B.W. Type of the species. |
This species is most nearly allied to S. flaviventris Sharpe, from which it differs
chiefly in being somewhat larger ; in having both mandibles entirely black; the back
dark olive without any brownish tinge; the feathers surrounding the eye and on the
cheeks whitish with black tips, giving these parts a distinctly spotted appearance; the
chest and breast dull olive-green and the belly and rest of the underparts pale yellow.
Iris hazel; bill black; feet reddish-brown. ‘Total leneth about 3 inches; wing 2;
tail 0-75; tarsus 0°66.
This species ranges to the Southern Cameroon, whence it has been described as
S. batest.
[‘The single example of Dent’s Crombec obtained near Fort Beni, on the edge of the
Eturi Forest, was the only one seen.—R. B. W.]

CAMAROPTERA SUPERCILIARIS (Fraser).
Camaroptera superciliaris Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 621 (1905).
a 3d. Nr. Mawambi, E. Congo Forest, 20th Oct. [No. 3637. R. B. W.]
Iris dark brown ; bill black ; feet brown.
The discovery of this species in the Eastern Congo Forest greatly increases its
known range. It was known to occur in West Africa from the Gold Coast to the

KKamma River.
| This example of the Yellow-browed Bush-Warbler was the only one met with.—

R. B.W.)

CAMAROPTERA GRISEOVIRIDIS (v. Miill.). (Plate XIX. fig. 10, egg.
Camaroptera chrysocnemis Licht.; Grant & Reid, Ibis, 1901, p. 648.
Camaroptera griseoviridis Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 616 (1905) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 549
[Toro].
a-c. 6 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5500 ft., 21st Feb. [Nos. 1249, 1250,

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 365

d,e. 6. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 26th April. [Nos. 3279, 3285.
‘Re Be We

foe. ¢ 2 ets Qimm. Mokia,S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 3rd—31st May. [Nos. 287,
328, 339, 340. R. E. D.; 1510, 1544, 1550, 1598. D. C.; 2322, 9355. G. L.; 3329,
3330, 3531, 3349, 3382, 3383, 3388, 3435. 2. B. W.]

y, 2 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., lst & 27th June. [Nos. 408. A. EF. D.;
1699. D. C.]

Iris hazel; bill black; feet flesh-colour or light brown.

The egg figured forms part of Mr. F. J. Jackson’s collection.

[The Grey-breasted Bush-Warbler was very numerous on the plains all round the
mountains, but was never seen on Ruwenzori above 5500 ft. It was met with
throughout the journey across the Congo Forest, and was seen as far down the Congo
as Coquilhatville. Its habits are very similar to those of the Common Wren, and its

note, which is continually uttered, is almost identical with that of the Common
Stonechat.—R. B. W.]

STIPHRORNIS XANTHOGASTER Sharpe.

Stiphrornis xanthogaster Sharpe, Ibis, 1905, p. 476, pl. ix. [Cameroon] ; Reich. Vog. Afr.
ili. p. 624 (1905) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1908, p. 325.

a. 6 (Pimm.). Nr. Mawambi, E. Congo Forest, 3000 ft., 24th Oct. [No. 3642.
Tie Ba 5

Iris dark brown ; bill black; feet grey.

An immature male assuming the adult plumage (?) has the upperparts strongly
washed with olive and the wings and tail in moult, the former being nearly complete,
while in the latter the feathers are all less than an inch in length. ‘The underparts
resemble those of the adult male, but many of the feathers of the chin and throat are
in moult.

This species was recently described by Dr. Sharpe from specimens procured by
Mr. G. L. Bates in Southern Cameroon.

[A single specimen of this beautiful Orange-breasted Bush-Warbler, the only one
seen, was obtained in the Congo Forest near Mawambi. It was hopping about among
the undergrowth.—R#. B. W.|

HYLIA PRASINA (Cass. ).

Hylia prasina Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 622 (1905) ; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 292.
a. 2. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 16th Sept. [No. 3569. Rk. B. IV.)
6. 2. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 9th Aug. [No. 1768. D. C.]

566 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

c,d. g. Nr. Mawambi, E. Congo Forest, 3000 ft., 18th & 20th Oct. [Nos. 573.
it D) = BOSonk...B. Ws)

Iris brown, dark hazel, or chocolate ; bill dark brown or black; feet olive-green.

A male (No. 573) and a female (No. 1768) are marked ‘“ breeding.”

Some important notes on this species will be found in my paper published on
Mr. Carruthers’s collection from the Upper Congo (‘ Ibis,’ 1908, pp. 292-293).

[This Tree-Warbler was met with in the Congo Forest throughout the journey ;
also in the Mpanga Forest to the east of Ruwenzori.—R. B. |V.|

PRINIA MYSTACEA Riipp.
Prinia mystacea Reich. Vég. Afr. iii. p. 590 (1905). 4
a-c. 6%. Near Entebbe, 3500 ft., 20th-27th Nov. [Nos. 3. R. E. D.; 1006,

Ws DEC
d-g. 2 et ¢ imm. 80-120 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500-4000 ft., 2nd—8th Dec.

a.

[Nos. 21, 23. R. EF. D.; 1027. D. C.; 3039. &. B. W.]
h. ¢. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 5th April. [No. 231. R. #. D.|
i-n. 6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 26th-29th April. [Nos. 245, 252.

a.
ROE. Dy 1442 D.C. - 3278, 8295. 8k. B. Way Fy
o-v. 6 2. Mokia, S. E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 8th-31st May. [Nos. 299, 356, 401.

R. B. D.+ 3337, 3341, 3376, 3414, 3415. R. BW]

w, 2. 6. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 23rd July. [Nos. 2425, 2426. G. L.]

Iris hazel ; bill brown or black; legs flesh-colour or brown,

A quite young bird has the brown colour of the upperparts washed with rufous,
and the chin, throat, and chest pale yellowish-white.

[The Tawny-flanked Wren-Warbler was numerous on the plains all around Ruwen-
zori, but was never seen on the mountains above 5000 ft. It seemed to frequent the
acacia-trees more than the grass, and when disturbed always flew to the top of a
neighbouring acacia-tree.— LR. b. W.|

3URNESIA MELANOPS Reichenow & Neumann.
Burnesia melanops Reich. & Neum. Orn. Monats. iii. p. 75 (1895).
Prinia melanops Reich. Vég. Afr. iii. p. 597 (1905).
a,b. 6 2. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 16th Sept. [ Nos. a0; Soll
R. B. W.)
c. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 20th Jan. [No. 1171. D.C.]
die. &. ¥ y 5500) ft, %th March; Nossal; 192)
R. KF. D.|

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 367

Iris yellow or light hazel; bill black; feet black or greyish-brown.

[A few examples of the Black-faced Wren-Warbler were seen in the Mubuku
Valley below the forest-line, but the species was decidedly rare there: at the north
end of the range it was numerous among the rough country and straggling forest at
6500 ft. It was also plentiful in the Mpanga Forest, EK. of Ruwenzori, frequenting

the thick undergrowth, among which it might always be heard, but was very seldom

seen.—t. B. W.]

BURNESIA BAIRDI (Cass. ).
Prinia bairdi Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 597 (1905).

a,b. 6 2. 20 miles N.W. of Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 11th Aug.
[Nos. 3542, 3543. R. B. W.]

The birds from Fort Beni agree perfectly with typical specimens from Cameroon.

[Baird’s Wren-Warbler was plentiful in the Eturi Forest between Fort Beni and
Irumu, but it was not seen further west than Mawambi. It was usually found among
the dense vegetation on the edge of the forest around the native-clearings and

villages.—R. B. W.]

BURNESIA REICHENOWI Hart.
Prinia reichenowi Reich. Vig. Afr. 1. p. 595 (1905).
Burnesia reichenowi Jackson, lbis, 1906, p. 549 [Toro]. F
a-c. ¢. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 14th-24th Sept. [Nos. 3559, 3610,
3611. #. B. W.]|
d. ¢. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 23rd Jan. [No. 1184. D. C.]
hye 2. 3 _ 5500 and 6500 ft. 4th & 19th March.
[Nos. 183. R. #. D.; 3241. R. B. W.) ni
g-k. ¢ 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 10th-19th May. [Nos. 1641, 1542.

D.C. 2368, 2372. G. B

l,m. 2. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 5000 ft., 23rd July. [Nos. 1743, 1744. D. C.]

Iris bright chestnut ; bill black; feet reddish-brown,

| Reichenow’s Wren-Warbler was found on Ruwenzori up to 6500 ft., the lower limit
of the forest-zone, and inhabited the more open’ cultivated ground. It was also found
on the plains all around the mountains, and at Fort Beni on the edge of the Eturi
Forest. I have often heard this little bird singing beautifully, late in the evening and
in the early morning.—R. B. W.]

568 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

Family TurDID &.

GEOCICHLA PIAGGLE (Bouv.). (Plate XIX. fig. 3, egg.)
Geocichla piaggie Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 683 (1905) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 543 [Ruwen-

zori].
a,b. 6 9. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 8000 ft., 11th & 13th Jan. [Nos. 1132,
1149. D.C]

ce, d. 2 imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 and 8000 ft., Ist & 24th Feb.
[Nos. 1386..R2. #. D.; 1264. D. C.]

e. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 9000 ft., 10th March. [No. 1311. D.C]

Iris dark hazel; bill black; feet light brown.

The immature bird has the upperparts browner than in the adult, the feathers of
the head and back streaked along the shaft with pale rufous, and there is a V-shaped
black band at the extremity of the feathers on the cheeks, sides of the throat, chest,
breast, and flanks.

Two eggs are of a regular oval shape and somewhat glossy. ‘The ground-colour is
pale greenish-blue, marked all over with small blotches and spots of chestnut and
purplish-grey. ‘They measure respectively 1-1 X°78 and 1:05 x -76 inch.

Both eggs are considerably damaged, the female having been shot on the nest.

[The Central-African Ground-Thrush was met with on Ruwenzori at altitudes of
from 5000 to 9000 ft. It appeared chiefly to frequent the upper parts of the forest-
zone, but it was arare bird and seldom seen. A nest, found on the 10th of March at an
altitude of 8600 ft., was placed in the fork of a small tree about 5 feet from the
ground, and resembled that of the Blackbird. It contained two eggs.— Rk. B. W.]

TURDUS ABYSSINICUS Gmel.
Turdus abyssinicus Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 689 (1905) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1906, p. 543 [Ruwen-
Zorl|.
Merula 1a Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. xiv. p. 19 (1903) [Ruwenzori] ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906,
p- 543.
Turdus baraka Reich. V6g. Afr. i. p. 687 (1905).
a—c. 6 9. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-12,000 ft., 22nd—31st Jan.
lINos: 122, R. Ho Ds; 1189. D.C_; 3142, heavy |
d+. 62. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000-12,500 ft., 6th-16th Feb
[Nos Wot, 157. 4.28. D.; 3 49.2. Bowe
g-k. 6 2 et 2 imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000-9000 ft., 3rd—
30th March. [Nos. 1286. D.C.; 2206, 2208, 2260. G. L.]
Tris dark hazel or dark brown ; eyelids yellow ; bill orange ; feet yellow or yellowish-
brown.

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 369

I cannot distinguish the Ruwenzori birds, which have been named 7. baraka, from
typical 7. abyssinicus. Dr. Sharpe, in a note in Mr. Jackson’s paper in ‘ The Ibis’ for
1906, states that he has arrived at the same conclusion.

[The Abyssinian Thrush has the widest range of any bird on Ruwenzori; it was
found in the hot tropical valleys at 6000 ft., almost side by side with its near relative
T. centralis of the plains, and was also met with all the way up the mountains to the
snow-line. One was actually shot on the Mubuku glacier, but unfortunately it fell
down a crevasse and was lost. The species was plentiful at 10,0 0 ft., and quite
a number were seen between 12,000 and 13,000 ft. An old nest was found at
an altitude of 11,500 ft.; it was placed in the fork of a tree-heath. This species
certainly breeds on Ruwenzori up to an altitude of 12,500 ft., and probably much

higher.—R. B. W.]

‘TURDUS CENTRALIS Reichenow.

Turdus pelios centralis Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 690 (1905).
Merula centralis Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 542 [Toro].

a. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 19th March. [No. 2218. G. Z.]

b. 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 28th April. [No. 1451. D. C.]

c-0. 62 et ¢ 9 1mm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 3rd—24th May.
[Nos. 284, 285, 325. R. HE. D.; 1484, 1507, 1508, 1525, 1597, NG 2 ESCs 3320,
3410, 3411. R. B. W.]

p. 6. Mokia, $.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 17th June. [No. 1636. D. C.]

q. d. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 21st July. [No. 2420. G. Z.]

The majority of the specimens in the present collection, but not all, appear to be
slightly darker on the upperparts than typical examples of 7. pelios from Abyssinia.

[This darker form of the Ethiopian ‘Thrush was met with plentifully at Entebbe and
throughout the journey to Ruwenzori. It was also found all round the foot of the
mountains and at Fort Beni on the edge of the Eturi Forest. It frequents almost
exclusively the banana-plantations and cultivated lands, and probably obtains much of
its food from the fresh deposits of irrigation. It was found in the lower valleys
of Ruwenzori up to 5000 ft., above which its place was taken by Z. abysstaicus.—

iS Bs We.

CALLENE 2ZQUATORIALIS Jackson.
Callene equatorialis Jackson, Bull. B. O. C. xvi. p. 46 (1905) [Lumbwa |.
a, 6. 2 et 2 imm. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 21st Sept. [Nos. 3558,
3605. Rk. B. W.]
The type-specimen, which was procured by Mr. Jackson at Kericho, in Lumbwa,

2

VOL. XIx.—Parr Iv. No. 49.—WMarch, 1910. 3D

370 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION,

appears to be an adult male, but the sex is not indicated. There are three adult
female specimens from Toro in the Jackson Collection which agree perfectly with the
adult female from Mpanga, and all differ slightly from the type in having rather more
white on the middle of the breast—a difference which is probably due to sex, or may be
individual.

This species is easily distinguished from C. cyornithopsis Sharpe, from Cameroon, by
its rust-red flanks and under tail-coverts.

[A few of these little birds were found in the Mpanga Forest, where they appeared
to inhabit the undergrowth only.—R. B. W.]

CossYPHA ARCHERI Sharpe. (Plate XVI. fig. 2, ¢.)
Cossypha archeri Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. xiii. p. 9 (1902) [Ruwenzori].
a-c. ¢ 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-9000 ft., 5th-26th Jan. [Nos.

d.
1096, 1148, 1185. D. C.]
d-h. 6 2. Mubuku Valley, E, Ruwenzori, 7000-11,000 ft., 2nd-23rd Feb. [Nos.

1405 RE. De 2boosG. Ls 3159, 3165, 3176. R. B. W.]

i, k. ¢ 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6500-8000 ft., Sth & 18th March.
[Nos. 1307. D. C.; 3233. Rk. B. W.]

This species was first described from a male procured by Mr. Geoffrey Archer. The
female does not differ in plumage from the male, but is slightly smaller—wing 2°75-2°9
inches.

[ Archer’s Robin-Chat was found on Ruwenzori from 6000 ft. up to 13,000 ft. It
was one of the few birds that were fairly numerous in the bamboo-zone. It has a
curious melancholy piping note, like a cart-wheel which wants oil and creaks each time
it comes round to a certain spot. It frequents the undergrowth only and is never seen
up in the trees.—R. B. W.]

CossYPHA HEUGLINI Hartl.
Cossypha heuglini Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 758 (1905) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 544 [Toro].
a,b. 6 2. 120-150 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 9th & 11th Dec. [Nos. 2027.
Gals 3052. 1. B. iW.
c, d. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 20th Jan. [No. 2101, 2102. G. L. |
e. ¢ imm. = . = 27th March. [No. 225. #. E. D.|

f. 2imm. Mokia, $.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 28th April. [No. 2297. G. L.]
g-q. 6 8 et ¢ Qimm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 3rd—26th May. [Nos.

dee mead Gag id: d.
345, 367, 368, 378, 381. R. E. D.; 1487, 1512, 1526. D. C.; 3385, 3392. R. B. W.]

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. ae

d.
rx. ¢ et ¢ 2 imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., Ist-l6th June. {Nos. 404,

412, 420, 435, 465. R. B, D.; 3460, 3489. R. B. W.)

Iris brown or dark hazel; bill and feet black.

Immature birds have the greater wing-coverts and innermost secondary quills narrowly
tipped or spotted at the extremity with pale orange-buff. The development of the
light chestnut nuchal collar and the colour of the mantle appears to be vary greatly in
different individuals, irrespective ofage ; but, as a rule, the older birds have the mantle
greyer, while in younger examples it is strongly washed with rufous-olive.

[ Heuglin’s Robin-Chat was seen throughout the journey from Entebbe to Ruwenzori.
It was very plentiful on the plains around the south end of the mountains, but was
never seen on the range above 5500 ft. This bird has some wonderful flute-like notes,
but too disconnected to be really called a song.—R. B. W.)

CossYPHA BARTTELOTI Shelley.
Cossypha bartteloti Shelley, Ibis, 1890, p. 159, pl. v. [Yambuya].
Cossypha cyanocampter bartteloti Reich. Vig. Afr. ili. p. 758 (1905).
a. 6. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 20th Sept. [No. 3587. Rk. B. W.]

Iris dark brown; bill black ; feet dark brown.

This specimen, a fully adult male, resembles the type of C. bartteloti from the Aru-
wimi River both in its paler coloration and smaller size. Culmen 0°75 inch, wing 3:2,
tail 26. ‘The olive-brown feathers of the buck are fringed with dark bluish-slate-colour,
but in this respect it resembles a fine male example of C. cyanocampter (Bonap.)
from the River Ja, Cameroon. Most of the Cameroon birds have the chin, throat, and
breast darker cinnamon-rufous than in C. bartteloti, but this is by no means invariably
the case, and it seems that the latter form is barely separable from C. cyanocampter
except in size. C. periculosa Sharpe, from the River Danger, Gaboon, is another
doubtfully distinct form, with the mantle a trifle browner and darker than in typical
C. cyanocampter. ‘The type-specimen appears to be fully adult and the slightly darker
colour of the back is probably individual.

In the type-specimen of C. bartteloti the middle tail-feathers are missing, and the figure
given in the ‘ Ibis’ is therefore misleading, as it represents a bird with a cinnamon-

rufous tail.

CossyPHA MELANONOTA (Cab.).
Cossypha verticalis melanonota Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 762 (1905) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1908, p. 124
[S. Cameroon ].
a. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5500 ft., 21st Feb. [No. 1252. D. C.]
6. 6imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 8th May. [No. 2349. G. L.]

3D 2

372 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

c. 2imm. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley. 3000 ft., 20th July. [No. 2418. G. L.]

Iris dark hazel ; bill and feet black.

This form differs only from C. verticalis Hartl. in having the mantle slightly darker.

Specimen @ is marked “breeding.” Specimen ¢ is a young female in a very
interesting stage of plumage: the feathers of the crown appear spotted, being rufous
margined with black, and amongst them a few white feathers of the adult plumage
are making their appearance. Specimen 4 is in nearly mature plumage, but the wing-
coverts are margined with greyish-brown and spotted at the extremity with pale rufous.

[A few examples of the Black-backed Robin-Chat were met with in the lower valleys
on the east side of Ruwenzori, but they were never seen above an elevation of 5000 ft.

and were rather rare birds. A single specimen was shot in the dry acacia-country at
the south end.—R. B. W.!

NEOCOSSYPHUS PRAPECTORALIS Jackson.

Neocossyphus prepectoralis Jackson, Bull. B. O. C. xvi. p. 90 (1906) [ Kibera, Toro] ; Grant,
Tbis, 1908, p. 300 [part., Mpanga] ; Alexander, Bull. B. O. C. xxiii. p. 15 (1908).

a. 2. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 13th Sept. [No. 3553. Rk. B. W.]

The specimen procured by Mr. Douglas Carruthers at Kasongo, Upper Congo,
and provisionally referred by me to the above species, has now been separated by
Mr. Alexander under the name of WV. granté.

[The single example of this rare species shot among the dense undergrowth was the
only specimen seen.—F. B. W.]

ERYTHROPYGIA RUFICAUDA Sharpe.
Erythropygia ruficauda Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 773 (1905).
af. 6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 3rd-19th May. [Nos. 292. R. E. D.;

1488, 1601 DS Ce: 9345. G. Ls: 3845, 338g. Wy |

g-i. 6 et ¢imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 6th-24th June. [Nos. 1665,
1676. D. C.; 3456. RB. B. W.]

Iris dark hazel or brown ; bill black, yellow at the base of the lower mandible ; feet
varying from brown to pale flesh-colour.

[Sharpe’s Chestnut-tailed Ground-Robin was not uncommon on the plains and dry
hills at the south end of Ruwenzori, wherever there were acacia-trees, and it was also
observed in the Semliki Valley. It has a short sweet song, generally uttered from the
top of an acacia-bush.—R. B. W.]

ERYTHROPYGIA HARTLAUBI Reichenow.
Erythropygia hartlaubi Reich. Vig. Afr. iil. p. 775, pl. xxix. fig. 1 (1905).
Cossypha griseistriata Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. xiii. p. 8 (1902) [type examined: Kangow’s,
Toro].

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 313

b. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft. 15th & 22nd Jan. [Nos. 101,
Ba E. D. |

é. Mubuku Valley, KE. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., Ist Feb. [No. 137. R. E. D.]

Iris dark brown or hazel; bill brown or black; feet brown or light brown.
Specimens 6 and ¢ are marked “ breeding.”

a,
123.
Cc

[A few examples of Hartlaub’s Ground-Robin were met with in the Toro district
and in the valleys on the east side of Ruwenzori up to 6000 ft. ‘These birds were only
observed among the elephant-grass and were by no means common. ‘Towards evening
one occasionally saw one of them perched on the top of a tall grass-stem, giving vent to
a succession of loud clear whistles, and I once saw one near the ground, bobbing up
and down on a grass-stem and going through a kind of dance, with its tail spread
out like a fan; but I failed to ascertain the cause, as there was no other bird near it.
Perhaps it was only joy at having found an open space among the endless elephant-

erass.— Rk. B. W.|

ALETHE POLIOTHORAX Reichenow.

Alethe poliothoraxz Reich. Vig. Afr. 11. p. 746, pl. xxvii. fig. 1 (1905).

Alethe moort Alexander, Bull. B. O. C. xii. p. 37 (1903) [Fernando Po].
a. dé imm. Mubuku Valley, EK. Ruwenzori, 8000 ft., 13th Jan. [No. 2080. G. Z.]
6. 3 vix ad. a es 7000 ft., 30th Mar. [No. 2259. G. Z.]

Iris reddish-brown ; upper mandible black, lower slate-grey ; feet slate-blue.

This species has hitherto been recorded only from Cameroon and Fernando Po.
Mr. Alexander has kindly lent me the type of A. moort Alex., which appears to be
synonymous with A. poliothorax, and closely resembles the Ruwenzori specimens. They
differ, however, in the following points :—

Specimen @, which is obviously an immature bird, as is shown by its swollen gape,
has the general colour of the back deep orange-brown, rather than deep chestnut-brown,
and the crown is reddish-olive-brown instead of dark vandyke-brown. Specimen 6,
a somewhat older bird, has the back of a more chestnut tint, much as in the type of
A. moori, but the crown is reddish-olive-brown as in specimen @. ‘The underparts are
alike in all three specimens.

[‘T'wo examples of this rare Robin-Chat were obtained by Mr. Gerald Legge in the
forest-zone of Ruwenzori at an elevation of from 7000 to 8000 ft. They were shot
while skulking along in the thick undergrowth. The species has a curigus harsh
note. It was not met with either in the Congo or Mpanga Forests.—Rk. B. W.|

ALETHE POLIOPHRYS Sharpe.

Alethe poliophrys Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. xiii. p. 10 (1902) [Ruwenzori]; Reich. Vég. Afr. iii.
p. 749 (1905); Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 544.

374 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

a,b. g et 2 imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000-8000 ft., llth & 16th
van. Nos. 1133. D. Co; 3113 Bb. Wy
c-e. 6. Mubnku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6500-8000 ft., 9th-24th Feb. [Nos. 1223,

f-l. 6 Q et ¢imm. Mubuku Valley, KE. Ruwenzori, 7000-9000 ft., 1lst-24th March.

[Nos. 195, 196, 197. B. E. D.; 1277. D.C.; 2212, 2937. G. L.]

Iris dark brown, chestnut, or dark hazel; bill black; feet whitish, pale flesh, or pale
brown.

The type-specimen of this very distinct species was procured by Mr. Geoffrey Archer
during his short visit to Ruwenzori in February 1902.

[The Grey-eyebrowed Robin-Chat was found on Ruwenzori at elevations of from
6500 to 9000 ft., frequenting the forest-zone and the lower edges of the bamboo. It
appeared to be particularly fond of the soldier-ants and might often be seen attacking
a cclumn of these insects as they crossed a path or open spot. Whether it really ate
the ants, or merely snatched away the eggs they were carrying, was a point we could
never decide; probably the eggs were the attraction, for it seems difficult to imagine
anything more unsatisfactory than a meal of angry soldier-auts.—R. B. W.]

ALETHE WOOSsNAMI Grant. (Plate XV. fig. 1, ¢.)
Alethe woosnami Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xix. p. 24 (1906).

a. 6. Eturi Forest near Irumu, 3000 ft., 18th Aug. [No. 3550. R. B. W. Type
of the species. |

In general appearance the adult male of this species is similar to A. diademata
(Bonap.), but is rather larger and has all the tail-feathers black to the tip. The upper-
parts, especially the lower back and rump, are more rufescent.

The iris is hazel, the bill black, and the feet grey. Total length 7:2 inches;
wing 3°9; tail (in moult) 3°15; tarsus 1°05.

[A single specimen of Woosnam’s Robin-Chat, the only one seen, was obtained at
the bottom of a densely-wooded valley which joins the Eturi Forest near Irumu.—-

R.B.Wi

ALETHE CARRUTHERSI Grant. (Plate XV. fig. 2, ¢.)
Alebhe carruthersi Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xix. p. 25 (1906).
a. ¢. 150 miles W. of Entebbe, 5000 ft., 12th Dec. [No. 1059. D.C. Type of
the species. | .
b,c. ¢. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 14th & 21st Sept. [Nos. 35957,
359 Te fay «|

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 375

d. 3. 20 miles N. of Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 11th Aug. [No. 1772.
D.C.|

This species is most nearly allied to A. castanonota Sharpe, but has the upper-
parts darker and of a more reddish-brown colour, instead of bright chestnut, the
throat pure. white, the chest and sides brownish-buff, and the middle of the breast
and belly white. Iris dark hazel or chocolate ; bill black ; feet pale brown.

¢. Total length 6:0 inches; wing 3° ; tail 2:15; tarsus 1:05.

There are two female examples of this species from Toro in Mr. Jackson’s collection.

2. Total length 6-0 inches; wing 3:4; tail 2°25; tarsus 1-05.

[Carruthers’s Robin-Chat was decidedly a rare bird. A few examples were met with
in the Eturi Forest and in the Mpanga Forest to the east of Ruwenzori.—f. B. W.|

PRATINCOLA RUBETRA (Linn.).
Pratincola rubetra Reich. Vég. Afr. iii. p. 731 (1905) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 545.

a,b. 9 et 2imm. 40 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 27th Nov. [Nos 12. B.ED;
S002. hk. Bo Wal

c-g. 6 2 et 3 imm. 90-150 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 4th-l1th Dec. [Nos.
36. R. E. D.; 2019. G. L.; 3028, 3037, 3054. R. B. W.]

Iris dark brown; bill and feet black.

[The Whinchat was seen during the march from Entebbe and in the Toro district.—

R.B.W.|

PRATINCOLA SALAX Verr.
Pratincola salaw Verreaux, Rev. Mag. Zool. 1851, p. 307 [Gaboon]; Reich. Vog. Afr. iii.
p. 733 (1905).
Pratincola axillaris Shelley, P. Z. S. 1884, p. 556 [Kilimanjaro : type examined ].
Pratincola salax pallidigula Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 734 (1905) [ Buea, Cameroon].
a. é. 12 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 24th Nov. [No. 3001. R. B. W.]
b,c. ¢. 120-150 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 8th & 11th Dec. [Nos. 3046, 3055.
eB Wel
d-f. 6 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., Ist-19th Jan. [Nos. 60.
R. E. D.; 2053, 2098. G. L.]
g,h. ¢ 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 20th Feb. [Nos. 1247, 1248.
D.C.)
i. ¢. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 19th March. [No. 1383. D. C.]
Iris dark hazel or dark brown ; bill and feet black.
The chestnut band across the chest, bordering the black neck, varies greatly in extent
in different individuals, quite irrespective of season. In most specimens it is well
defined and about half an inch in width, but in some it is much reduced or represented

376 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

only by rufous edges to the black feathers at the base of the neck. It would seem as
though the examples in which the chestnut has nearly disappeared were very old birds,
for a quite young male in first plumage, with the wing-coverts margined with pale
rufous and the breast and belly strongly washed with the same colour, has a wide
chestnut band across the chest.

Mr. Carruthers procured a somewhat remarkable specimen (No. 1248). It is marked
“9.” The upperparts resemble those of the normal adult female, but are somewhat
darker. The sides of the head, cheeks, and chin are sandy-brown, much like those of
the ordinary female, but the throat and fore-neck are black as in the male; there is a
chestnut band across the chest, and the rest of the underparts are white. This indi-
vidual does not appear to be a young male, and there can be little doubt that it is an
instance of a very old female assuming plumage like that of the male. Similar instances
have been recorded. In Sokotra, I myself procured an undoubted female of Saaicola
montana Gould in male plumage (cf. Nat. Hist. Sokotra and Abd-el-Kuri, p. 42).

A female of P. salaz from Kenya, shot by Dr. R. E. Drake-Brockman, approaches
the bird procured by Mr. Carruthers, having the feathers of the throat and fore-neck
black, mixed with sandy-brown, but in other respects it is similar to normal females.

From typical P. salax from Gaboon Dr. Reichenow has separated the bird found at
Buea, Cameroon Peak, under the name of P. s. pailidigula, disregarding the fact that
Captain Shelley’s name P. aaillaris was given to the bird from the same locality
(Cameroon, 7000 ft.) and has many years’ priority. ‘The latter is added to the synonymy
of P. salax, to which P. pallidigula is certainly also referable.

[This Stonechat was met with throughout the journey from Entebbe to Ruwenzori,
and was found on the mountains as high as 6800 ft., where the forest commences —

R. BW.)

MyYRMECOCICHLA NiIGRA (Vieill.).
Myrmecocichla nigra Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 706 (1905) [part.]; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 299
[Upper Congo].
a-c. 6 2. 40-50 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 27th & 28th Nov. [Nos. 13, 14.
RE. D> 3009: BeBe,
d-g. 6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 4th-24th May. [Nos. 297. &. EF. D.;

a.
2330, 2371, G. L.; 3393. R. B. W.]
¢ 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 7th-15th June. [Nos. 436, 454.

Iris dark brown; bill and feet black.

The characters which distinguish this Black Chat from MW. arnotti (Tristr.) are fully
set down in my paper published on Mr. Carruthers’s collection and referred to above.
Though united under one heading by Dr. Reichenow they are really very distinct

species.

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. omit

(The Black Bush-Chat was seen near Entebbe and during the march to Ruwenzori.
It was plentiful on the plains all round the mountains, especially at the south end, but
was never found above 5000 ft— Rk. Lb. W.]

Family TIMELIID &.

CRATEROPUS KIRKI Sharpe.

Crateropus jardinei kirki Reich. Vog. Afr, iii. p. 659 (1905).
Crateropus jardinei hypostictus Cab. & Reich.; Reich. t. c. p. 660.

a,b. 2. 100 miles W. of Entebbe, 4100 ft., 4th Dec. [Nos. 25, 26. R. B.D.)

c,d. 2 et 9 imm. Mokia, $.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 24th & 28th April. [Nos.
234, 249. R. E. D.|

e-l. 6 2 et 2 imm. Mokia, S8.K. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 2nd-3lst May. [Nos. 36
399. R. E. D.; 1495, 1496, 1559. D. C.; 2314, 2318. G. L.]

Adult. Iris yellow; bill and feet black.

Jmmature. Iris dark grey ; bill black ; feet brown.

This species differs from C. gardinei Smith, from 8. Africa, in being altogether some-
what smaller. Immature birds have the breast and belly pale brownish-white,
slightly washed with rufous on the sides, and exhibit a stage of plumage which
Dr. Reichenow has regarded as representing a separate subspecies, C. jardinei kirki.
His C. 7. hypostictus is founded on the adult of this form, which must be known as
C. kirki, that name having priority.

The type of C. kirki is an immature bird from Mazaro, near the mouth of the
Zambesi.

In four adult males the wing-measurement varies from 3°75 to 4 inches.

In five adult females the wing-measurement varies from 3°9 to 41 inches.

In three immature females the wing-measurement is 3°85 inches.

In typical C. jardinet the wing-measurement varies from about 4°3 to 4°55 inches.

CRATEROPUS SHARPE! Reichenow.
Crateropus melanops sharpet Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 661 (1905).
Crateropus sharpti Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 541 [Toro].
a. d. 100 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 7th Dec. [No. 32. Rk. £. D.]
b,c. 2. Mokia, 8.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 25th & 30th April. [Nos. 2284, 2305.
G. L.|
d,e. 6. Mckia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 26th & 28th May. [Nos. 380, 388.
fie
,g. 6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 14th & 15th June. [Nos. 456. R. E. D.;
2396. G. L.]
VOL. XIX.—ParT Iv. No. 50.—WMarch, 1910. 3 E

8 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

Iris white ; bill black ; feet black or brown.

[ Both Kirk’s and Sharpe’s Babbling-Thrushes were seen throughout the journey from
Entebbe to Ruwenzori. ‘They were very common birds in the acacia-country at the
south end of the range and in the upper Semliki Valley. ‘They were always observed
going about together in noisy parties, and were very inquisitive-—L. B. W.|

PHYLLANTHUS CZARNIKOW! Grant. (Plate XVII. fig. 1, ¢.)
Phyllanthus czarnikowi Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xix. p. 40 (1907).

a. ¢. Mawambi, E. Congo Forest, 3000 ft., 18th Oct. [No. 3633. R. B. W.
Type of species. ]

Czarnikow’s Babbler is most nearly allied to P. bohndorffi (Sharpe), but differs in
having the forehead, fore-part of the face, and the chin black; the feathers of the
crown blackish, with grey margins; and the chestnut of the upper- and underparts
darker in colour. Iris claret-colour ; bill pale yellow; feet pale greenish-grey.

Total length ca. 8°5 inches; culmen 1:05; wing 46; tail 3-2; tarsus 1°45.

In the type of P. bohndorffi, which is no doubt an immature bird, the feet are
whitish (in the dry skin).

Mr. Alexander procured three examples of this species on the Welle River.

[The type-specimen of Czarnikow’s Babbling-Thrush was obtained in the Congo
Forest, and was the only one seen. It was shot among the dense undergrowth.—

R.B.W)

MACROSPHENUS FLAVICANS Cassin.
Macrosphenus flavicans Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 615, pl. xxii. fig. 3 (1905) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1908,
p- 117 [Cameroon }.
Macrosphenus zenkeri Reich. t. ce. p. 615, pl. xxii. fig. 4 (1905).
ac. 6 2 et ¢d imm. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 21st & 23rd July. [Nos.
492, 494. R. E. D.; 1733. D. C.]
d. ¢. 20 miles N.W. of Fort Beni, 3000 ft., 11th Aug. [No. 506. &. £. D.|
¢. ¢. Avakubi, E. Congo Forest, 2500 ft., 31st Oct. [No. 3653. L. B. W.]
Iris yellow, dark brown in the immature male; bill black; feet grey or bluish-ash.
There can be no doubt that, as has already been suggested by Dr. Sharpe, MW. zenkeri
is founded on immature examples of J. flavicans. In addition to the young male
(specimen ¢) mentioned above, there is an immature female in the British Museum
procured at Efulen, Cameroon, by Mr. G. L. Bates, which agrees exactly with the
description and figure of I. zenkeri given by Dr. Reichenow.
(‘This Long-billed Bush-Warbler was seen only in the Congo Forest, where it was not
uncommon. It was usually observed climbing about among the tangled masses of
creepers which hung from the trees.—R. B. W.]

(oe)
~I
Ne}

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVBES.

TURDINUS FULVESCENS (Cassin).

Turdirostris fulvescens Cass. P. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 54 (part.) [R. Camma].

Turdinus fulvescens Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 736 (1905) [part.] ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1908, p. 120
{Cameroon ].

Turdinus albipectus Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 738, pl. xxx. (1905); Sharpe, Ibis, 1908, p. 121
[ Cameroon ].

Turdinus bocaget Salvad. Boll. Mus. Tor, no. 442, p. 1 (1903) [Fernando Po].

Turdinus barake Jackson, Bull. B. O. C. xvi. p. 90 (1906) [Toro].

a. s. Irumu, Eturi Forest, 3000 ft., 17th Oct. [No. 3630. Rk. B. W.]

Iris brown; bill and feet dark horn-colour.

Dr. Reichenow has doubtfully referred 7. cerviniventris Sharpe, from Conde, near the
mouth of the Congo, to the synonymy of 7’. fulvescens Cassin, the types of which were
procured by Du Chaillu on the Camma River, Gaboon. The British Museum possesses
the type of the first-named species and two cotypes of the latter, also from the Camma
River (Du Chaillu), and on comparing these it is at once apparent that they belong to
two totally different species. I quite agree with Mr. Alexander in regarding 7. albi-
pectus Reichenow as synonymous with 7. fulvescens. They are separated from one
another in Dr. Reichenow’s ‘‘ Key to the Species” by the length of the wing, which is
said to be 80 mm. long or more in 7. fulvescens. This, however, is not the case and
the length is quite correctly given by Cassin as 5 inches (=76 mm.). In 7. albipectus
the wing is said to measure 73 mm.

The British Museum now possesses a series, both adult and immature, of typical
examples of 7. bocaget Salvad. from Fernando Po, and there can be no doubt that this
name must also be added to the synonymy of 7. fulvescens.

In my opinion Dr. Reichenow has admitted far too many species of Z’urdinus, and
the bird he describes as 7. bocagei is certainly the redder-winged, redder-tailed, and
whiter-breasted immature stage of 7’. fulvescens (Cass.).

T. barake Jackson is no doubt also referable to 7. fulvescens, and is founded on a
nearly adult female of that species. Mr. Jackson compared it with the grey-throated
T. jacksoni Sharpe, to which it is not very closely allied.

Adult males have the breast and underparts greyer, with less olive-brown on the
flanks and less white in the middle of the belly.

Adult females and younger birds have the sides and flanks olive-brown and the
middle of the belly white, sometimes very white in younger birds.

Younger birds have also the upperparts, wings, and tail much more rufous, and the
feathers of the breast indistinctly margined with brownish-olive, producing a faintly
scaled appearance.

[This Babbler was plentiful in the Eturi Forest, where it frequented the darkest
parts and was generally to be seen in small parties of four or five individuals hopping
along close to the ground among the densest undergrowth and continually uttering a

3E2

380 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

low twittering note. ‘The birds always appeared to be following a definite course and
did not wander aimlessly about. Both in their habits and notes they exactly resembled
Alcippe gacksoni Sharpe, from Ruwenzori, but they were never to be met with on the
mountains, although found both to the east and west of the range.—Ri B. W.]

TURDINUS CERVINIVENTRIS Sharpe.

Turdinus cerviniventris Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. xi. p. 3 (1901) [Conde, Congo R.].

a. 3. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 21st Sept. [No. 3598. R. B. W.]

In many specimens of 7. cerviniventris the feathers of the throat have indistinct grey
shaft-streaks, producing a general greyish appearance. In others the throat is pure
white. I cannot see that this difference has any connection with either distribution or
age. Mr. Alexander has kindly sent me his fine series for comparison.

I may here remark that 7. reichenowi Sharpe [nomen emend., cf. Hand-l. iv. p. 33
(1903)] is a pure synonym of 7. cefviniventris, being founded on T. rufiventris Reich.
(nec Salvad.) Orn. Monatsb. i. p. 177 (1893), a name given to specimens collected by
Dr. G. Zenker in Cameroon. The British Museum possesses two specimens procured
by the same collector in the same locality. ‘These I have compared with the type of
T. cerviniventris from the Congo, and there can be no doubt that they belong to one
and the same species.

[A few examples of this Babbler were seen in the Mpanga Forest, Eastern Ruwenzori.
Its habits were similar to those of 7. fulvescens.—R. B. W.|

TURDINUS PYRRHOPTERUS (Reichenow & Neumann).
Turdinus pyrrhopterus Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 738 (1905).
Turdinus jacksoni Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. xi. p. 29 (1900) [ Nandi].
Turdinus pyrrhopterus kivuensis Neumann, Bull. B. O. C. xxi. p. 55 (1908) [Mufumbiro
Volcanoes]; Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xxi. p. 60 (1908).
a-d. 6 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Rawenzori, 6000-9000 ft., 9th-18th Jan. [Nos. 98.
it, BD AN2S, VGSs DCs: 3089. KB. Wel
é,f. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6500-8000 ft., 7th & 24th Feb. [Nos.
1220, 1267. D. C.]
g, h. 6 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000-8000 ft., 20th & 22nd March. [Nos.
3246, 3250. R. B. W.]
i. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 9000 ft., 8th April. [No. 3269. R. B. W.]

Iris light brown or reddish-brown; bill blackish or grey, lighter on the lower
mandible ; feet slate-grey or brownish-grey.

Professor Neumann has separated a specimen from Mt. Sabjingo (Sabyino), Mufumbiro
Volcanoes, under the name of 7. p. kivuensis on account of its supposed greyer head,
and has referred all the Ruwenzori specimens to that subspecies, When, however,

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 381

these latter were laid out in a series with typical specimens of 7. pyrrhopterus from
Nandi and the Mau escarpment it was found impossible to separate one from the
other,

Younger birds have the crown of the head washed with olive, while in the oldest
examples the grey colour predominates on this part.

[Jackson’s Babbler was met with on Ruwenzori from 6500 up to 9000 ft. It in-
habited the forest-zone and was occasionally seen in the lower parts of the bamboo. It
was usually met with in small parties of four or five individuals, which hopped along
close to the ground among the densest undergrowth and continually uttered a low
twittering note. They always seemed to be travelling in a definite direction. Their
habits and notes exactly resembled those of Zurdinus fulvescens from the Kturi Forest.—

R.B.W:]

Turpinus arricers Sharpe.
Turdinus atriceps Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. xiii. p. 19 (1902) [Ruwenzori] ; Reich. Vég. Afr. i.
p- 740 (1905); Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 541 [Ruwenzori]; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 30
[ Mufumbiro Volcanoes ].

a-g. ¢ 2. Mubyku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-9000 ft., 2nd—20th Jan. [Nos. 99,
d

116. R. E. D.; 2076. G. L.; 3063, 3087, 3092, 3093. R. B. W.]
hl. ¢ 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6500-8000 ft., 10th—26th Feb. [Nos.

d. d.
UIQ, Oxo 2d SAGs als, 3179. 2. Be Wo
m-s. ¢ 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Rawenzori, 6500-8000 ft., 8th-24th March. [Nos.

1304, 1309. D. C.; 2216, 2238, 2241. G. Z.; 3103, 3238. B. B. W.]

t. 2. Butagu Valley, W. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., Ist Aug. [No. 3527. R. B. W.]

Iris dark brown or dark hazel ; bill black ; feet slate-grey or in one example (No. 116)
olive-brown.

[The Black-headed Babbler was found on Ruwenzori from 6500 to 9000 ft., frequent-
ing the forest-zone and occasionally the lower part of the bamboo. In habits it much
resembles 7’. pyrrhopterus, going about in small parties of four or five individuals.
They hop along through the ferns and tangled vegetation, all following the same
direction, and from time to time utter a low twittering note, exactly like that of a
Swallow when in search of a nesting-site. This bird also has a most beautiful
clear song, which was generally uttered from high up in some dense mass of tangled

creepers.—L. L. W.]

BaTHMEDONIA JACKSON! (Sharpe).

Bathmocercus jacksoni Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. xiii. p. 10 (1902) [Kibera, Toro}.
Bathmedonia jacksoni Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 542.
Bathmedonia rufa Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 742 (1905) [part.].

382 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

a-e. 6 2. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 14th—-24th Sept. [Nos. 552.
R. LE. D.; 3560, 3603, 3604, 3614. R. B. W.]

Tris dark brown or dark hazel; bill black; bare skin on the throat blue; feet grey
or blue-grey. .

Though closely allied this species is certainly not synonymous with B. rufa Reich.
In addition to the differences already pcinted out by Dr. Sharpe (ef. ‘Ibis,’ 1906, p. 542),
I may mention that in B. jacksoni the black on the forehead extends rather further
back, to the posterior margin of the eyes, and the belly, sides, and flanks are washed
with olive, as in younger examples of B. rufa from Cameroon, In adult specimens
of B. rufa these parts are nearly uniform dark grey.

‘The females of the two species differ even more than the males, the light creamy
border to the black feathers of the throat and breast in B. jacksoni being dull olive in
B. rufa.

[Jackson’s Bush- Warbler was plentiful in the Mpanga Forest, E. of Ruwenzori. It
frequented only the low undergrowth, especially in low-lying damp places, and was never
seen on the range.—L. B. W.]

Family PYcNONOTIDS.
CRINIGER CALURUS (Cassin).
Criniger calurus Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 382 (1904); Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 304 [Kasongo,
Upper Congo].

a. ds. Irumu, Eturi Forest, 3000 ft., 18th Oct. [No. 5636. R. B. W.]

b. 2. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 21st July. [No. 1734. D. C.]

Iris dark grey or chestnut; bill dark grey, blacker on the culmen ; feet grey.

This species was known only from West Africa, until Mr. Carruthers procured two
specimens on the Upper Congo.

(Two specimens of Du Chaillu’s Bulbul were obtained in the Eturi Forest, but it
appeared to be rather uncommon.—k. B. W.]

XENOCICHLA KIKUYUENSIS Sharpe. (Plate XIX. fig. 20, egg.)
Xenocichla kikuyuensis Sharpe, Ibis, 1891, p. 118 [Kikuyu].
Bleda kikuyuensis Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 539 [Ruwenzori].
Phyllastrephus kikuyuensis Reich. Vog. Afr. 11. p. 393 (1904).

a-u. 6 2 et ¢ imm. Mohs Malley: E. Bayete, 6500-9000 ft., 4th-18th Jan.
a.

d. d.
[Nos. 77, 97, 99. R. E. D.; 1104, 1110, 1115, nls, 1151. D. C.; 2055, 2058, 2074,
9077, 2094, 2097. G. L.; 3085, 3094, 3095, 3102, 3115, 3118. R. B. Wi]

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 383

v,w. ¢. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 10,000 ft., Ilst-3rd Feb. [Nos. 1208,
LANG. DEG

Iris dark brown; bill black; feet olive-brown, greenish-brown, or brown.

The genera forming this section of the Pycnonotide are greatly in need of revision ;
at the present time the species included in them are in a state of confusion. For
instance, such birds as the present species and Xenocichla albigularis Sharpe are both
placed by Reichenow in the genus Phyllastrephus, though structurally they are very
different.

An egg of this species is of a rather blunt oval form and slightly glossy. The
ground-colour is pinkish-white, heavily blotched and clouded with dark brown
and leaden-grey, and with a few indistinct spots of deeper brown. It measures
06 >< 41) in:

[Lhe Kikuyu Bulbul is the most plentiful bird found on Ruwenzori. It frequents
the forest-zone, but was found in the valleys as high as 10,000 ft. It is not a shy bird
and was continually turning up in unexpected places, in the darkest and densest
undergrowth, in the tops of the tallest trees, and in the bamboo-jungles. Although
really one of the most familiar birds to us, it seemed to have a singularly unfortunate
gift of continually appearing to be a quite different bird, and for this reason was con-
stantly being shot by mistake. A nest found on the 4th of March, 1907, on Rawenzori
at 8000 ft., was placed in the undergrowth about 5 ft. from the ground and was composed
of fine roots, grass, and moss ; the female was sitting on a single egg.—F. B. W.]

XENOCICHLA LEUCOLEMA Sharpe.

NXenocichla leucolema Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. xiii. p. 10 (1902) [Toro]; Grant, Ibis, 1908,
p- 802 [ Kasongo, Upper Congo].

Phyilastrephus albigularis Reich. (nec Sharpe) Vég. Afr. iii. p. 400 (1904) [part.].

Bleda albigularis Sharpe (nec Sharpe, 1881), Ibis, 1907, p. 459 [Cameroon].

a. d. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 24th July. [No. 1758. D. C.]

Iris dark hazel; bill black ; feet grey.

As already remarked (‘ Ibis,’ 1908, p. 302), this species appears to be distinct from
Xenocichla albigularis Sharpe [Cat. Birds B. M. vi. p. 103, pl. vii. fig. 1 (1881)] from
Fantee, which is a very much smaller bird. So far as I am aware, the latter is onlv
known from the type-specimen, of which the sex is not indicated.

XENOCICHLA L&TISsiaqA Sharpe.
Andropadus letissimus Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. x. p. 27 (1899) [Nandi]; Reich. Vig. Afr. iii.
p. 410 (1904).
a-c. ¢ 2. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 14th-19th Sept. [Nos. 538.
R. E. D.; 3562, 3574. R. B. W.]

354 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

+

The bill of the female is considerably shorter than that of the male.

¢. Culmen from nasal opening to tip 0°50 inch; wing 4°3; tail 3°9.

Paes ay os sce =e 20s yee as

Tris hazel or dark chestnut; bill black ; feet grey or light green. ©

[This handsome Yellow Bulbul was very plentiful in the Mpanga Forest, east of
Ruwenzori. ‘They appeared to frequent the tree-tops exclusively and were never seen
among the undergrowth. ‘They have a very beautiful clear song of great volume,
I think the finest I have ever heard in Africa—R. B. W.]

Biepa woosnaMi Grant. (Plate XVII. fig. 2, ¢.)
Bleda woosnami Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xix. p. 87 (1907).

a-e. 5 2. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 15th-23rd Sept. [Nos. 515, 554,
508. Rh. H. D.; 3884, 3596 *. R. B. W.)

This species is most nearly allied to B. syndactyla (Swains.), but the bill, especially
in the male, is much shorter and the yellow on the throat and underparts is of a much
brighter colour. Inris hazel; bill grey; feet dull flesh-colour.

3. Total length 8°8 inches ; wing 4:2—4°30; tail 3°8—4:1; tarsus 1°15.

DF 6 GS (hy,0 SONS O=3 GOR Ot33—3'4 5 0! 4,78 aleOe

[A few examples of Woosnam’s Yellow Bulbul were met with in the Mpanga Forest,
east of Ruwenzori. They were always seen in the tall undergrowth, and not in the
trees. Late in the evening I once or twice heard this bird attempting to sing, but the
result was only a combination of several harsh loud notes.—2R. B. W.]

ANDROPADUS INDICATOR (Verr.).
Phyllastrephus indicator Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 890 (1904).
Bleda indicator Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 539 [Toro]; Sharpe, Ibis, 1907, p. 460 [Cameroon ].
Bleda batesi Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. xiv. p. 19 (1903) [S. Cameroon] ; id. Ibis, 1904, p. 634.

a. 6. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 20th Sept. [No. 3592. R. B. W.]

b. 2. 80 miles N.W. of Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 15th Aug. [No. 3549.
ie BVA

¢. Iris white; bill black ; feet dark grey.

2. Iris greenish-grey ; bill black ; feet dark grey.

Mr. Jackson has already called attention to the difference in the colour of the eye in
the male and female.

B. batesi Sharpe appears to be founded on immature birds, which have the outer
tail-feathers pure white. ‘This is clearly proved by a female specimen [No. 290] from
the River Ja, received from Mr. Bates. This bird has the tail in partial moult—
one side retaining the feathers of the first plumage, which are pure white, while

* Types of the species.

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 385

on the other side the new feathers are half-grown and the outer pairs are tipped
with black.

[A few examples of the Honey-Guide Bulbul were seen in the Congo Forest near
Irumu and also in the Mpanga Forest east of Ruwenzori, but they were not common.
The specimens obtained were frequenting the tops of the very tall trees, and, if that is
their usual habit, it would account for so few specimens being obtained, as our collecting-
guns would not kill them at that height —R. B. W.]

ANDROPADUS VIRENS Cassin.

Andropadus virens Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 412 (1904).
Eurillas virens Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 540 [Toro ].

a-b. g. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 22nd & 23rd July. [Nos. 1738.
D. C.; 2430. G. L.]

Iris, bill, and feet dark brown.

This species and the larger paler A. zombensis Shelley, from Nyasaland, may be
distinguished from the allied forms, A. gracilis and A. curvirostris, by the shorter
broader bill; the throat too is yellow, like the middle of the breast.

[The Small Green Bulbul was very plentiful in the Congo Forest, but was not seen
on the mountains.—R#. B. W.]

ANDROPADUS GRACILIS Cabanis.

Andropadus gracilis Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 414 (1904) ; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 303 [Ponthier-
ville, Upper Congo].
Eurillas gracilis Sharpe, Ibis, 1904, p. 635.

a. ¢. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 9th Aug. [No. 1770. D. C.]

6. ¢. Irumt, Eturi Forest, 3000 ft., 16th Oct. [No. 567. R. EL. D.]

c. 2imm. Nr. Mawambi, E. Congo Forest, 3000 ft., 20th Oct. [No. 572. R. FE. D.)

Iris dark hazel or dark brown; bill black ; feet olive or olive-green.

I am a little doubtful about the identification of specimen c. It has the general
colour of the breast brownish-grey with scarcely a trace of yellow, and the sides and
flanks warm olive-brown, while the middle of the breast and belly are white tinged
with yellow. In the adult of A. gracilis these parts are pale rather bright yellow, and
the breast, sides, and flanks are washed with the same colour.

I have already at some length drawn attention to the differences between this species
and A. curvirostris Cassin [cf. ‘ Ibis,’ 1908, p. 303].

There are examples of this species in Mr. Jackson’s collection from Entebbe and
Kitunzi, Uganda.

[The Slender Green Bulbul was plentiful in the Congo Forest. We did not obtain
any examples of this species in the Mpanga Forest to the east of Ruwenzori, but it is
very likely to be found there. It has a low and very sweet song.—R. B. W.|

9

VOL. XIx.—PaRT Iv. No. 51.—WMarch, 1910. 3 F

586 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

ANDROPADUS CURVIROSTRIS Cassin.
Andropadus curvirostris Reich. Vig. Afr. in. p. 413 (1904) ; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 303.
Eurillas camerunensis (Reich.) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1904, p. 636.

a. 2. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 22nd Sept. [No. 3608. R. B. W.]

Iris hazel; bill black; feet olive-green.

ANDROPADUS LATIROSTRIS Strickl.
Andropadus latirostris Reich. Vig. Afr. iii, p. 414 (1904) ; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 304 [N.W.
of Lake Tanganyika}.
Andropadus latirostris eugenius Reich. t.e. p. 415.
Eurillas eugenius Sharpe, Ibis, 1902, p. 114 [Mpanga Forest] ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 540
[Toro; Ruwenzori].
Eurillas efulenensis Sharpe, Ibis, 1904, p. 686 [Cameroon ].
ac. 6 2. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 13th & 14th Sept. [ Nos. 3554,
3565, 3566. R. B. W.]
di. 6 2 et 6 imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-8000 ft., 7th—

& E d. d.
22nd Jan. [Nos. 120, 121. R. LE. D.; 1130. D. C.; 2064. G. L.; 3084, 3091. &. B. W.]
k-n. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-7000 ft., 4th—-24th Feb. [Nos. 2144,

2152, 2170, 2172. @. i

o. ¢gimm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., 24th March. [No. 2243. G. L.|

Iris hazel or dark brown; bill dark brown; feet brown or light brown.

I have already pointed out that A. ewgenius Reich. cannot be separated from typical
examples of A. latirostris from Fernando Po, and I may further remark that
E. efulenensis Sharpe is founded on immature examples of the same species; this may
be seen by the light colour of the bill and the less-serrated upper mandible. Adult
specimens from Efwlen, Cameroon, which have more recently been received from
Mr. Bates differ in no way from A. latirostris.

[The Moustached Bulbul was plentiful in the forest-zone on Ruwenzori up to
8500 ft., and also in the Mpanga Forest and wooded valleys of the Toro district. It
can hardly be said to have a song, but keeps up a ceaseless twittering and chirping in
the tree-tops— Rk. B. W.]

PHYLLASTREPHUS SuUCosUS Reichenow.
Phyllastrephus cabanisi sucosus Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 401 (1904).
Phyllostrephus sucosus Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 541 [Toro].
a-f, 6 9 et 2 imm. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 14th-24th Sept.
[Nos. 532, 533. R. HL. D.; 3556, 3581, 3612, Solo: i. B. Wa)
g. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 9000 ft., 19th March. [No, 3245. R. B. W.|

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 38

a |

Iris brown or olive-brown ; bill brown; feet grey, dark grey, or greyish-brown.

Lam not quite satisfied about the identification of these birds. P. cabanisi was
founded by Dr. Sharpe on a description given by Cabanis of a Bulbul from Angola
allied to P. icterinus (tricolor): consequently there is no type-specimen.

There are three examples named P. cabanisi in the British Museum: one from the
Benito River and two from South Cameroon. If these long-billed specimens with
strong rictal bristles are correctly identified, they are certainly not very nearly allied
to the present species or to P. placidus (Shelley), both of which are considered to be
subspecies of P. cabanisi by Dr. Reichenow. The Mpanga birds are evidently nearly
allied to P. placidus, but are paler and more olive above, and much yellower on the
underparts.

A single specimen of this Bulbul was killed on Ruwenzori at 9000 ft., in the upper
part of the forest-belt, and a few examples were met with in the Mpanga Forest.
They were usually met with in the undergrowth or low down in the trees.— KR. B. W.}

PHYLLASTREPHUS ICTERINUS (Bonap.).
Phyllastrephus icterinus Reich. Vig. Afr. 111. p. 402 (1904).
Bleda tricolor Sharpe, Ibis, 1907, p. 461 [Cameroon].
Criniger icterina Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 204 [Kasongo, Upper Congo].
a,b. ¢ 2. Nr. Mawambi, E. Congo Forest, 3000 ft., 16th Oct. [Nos. 570.
R. E. D:; 3629) Bs Bb. W.|
g. Iris grey; bill dusky ; feet slate-colour.
2. Iris, bill, and feet brown.
[The Yellow-breasted Bulbul was not uncommon in the Congo Forest, but we did
not find it in the Mpanga Forest to the east of Ruwenzori.—k. B. W.|

Ixonotus eurtatus Verr.
Ixzonotus guttatus Reich. Vog. Afr. iii. p. 416 (1904) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1907, p. 463; Grant, Ibis,
1908, p. 802 [Ponthierville, Upper Congo}.
a. ¢. Mawambi, E. Congo Forest, 3000 ft., 29th Oct. [No. 3645. Rk. B. W.]

Iris dark brown; bill brown ; feet dark grey.

As already observed in my paper on Mr. Carruthers’ collection, this species was, so
far as I am aware, hitherto known only from West Africa.

[This Spotted Bulbul was one of the few birds we obtained out of the tops of the
tall trees in the Congo Forest. It was the only example of the species procured.
‘The ordinary *410-bore collecting-gun was almost useless among the tall tree-tops of
the Congo Forest and it was always a great surprise when a bird was shot —

R. BW.)

388 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

Pycnonotus TRICOLOR Hartl.
Pyenonotus tricolor Reich. Vig. Afr. iii. p. 424 (1905).
Pycnonotus tricolor minor Heugl.; Reich. t. ce. p. 421.

a-c. 6%. 20-60 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 26th-29th Nov. [Nos. 2007.

a.
G. L.; 3008, 3016. &. B. W.]
d. 2. 100 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 6th. Dec. [No. 2021. G. L.]

e,f. 6 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft. 30th & 31st Dec.
[| Nos. 2037, 2044. @. L.]

d.
g-l. 6 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 5th-28th Jan. [Nos. 107.

R. E. D.; 2057, 2104, 2121, 2122. @. L.]

m,n. ¢. Mokia, $.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 8th & 30th May. [Nos. 397. RB. E. D.;
3332. R. B. W.|

o. 2. Nr. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3500 ft., 13th Aug. [No. 1782. D. C.]

Iris dark brown ; bill and feet black.

I am unable to recognize P. minor Heugl. as distinct from P. tricolor.

[Monteiro’s Yellow-vented Bulbul was plentiful throughout the journey from
Entebbe to Ruwenzori and was met with all round the mountains as far north as

Jrumu. It was found on Ruwenzori up to 6000 ft., but not above that altitude.—
EOBAW |

Family CAMPOPHAGID &.

CAMPOPHAGA NIGRA Vieiill.
Campephaga nigra Reich. Vog. Afr. 1. p. 518 (1903).
Campophaga nigra Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 538 [Ankoli]; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 304
[S.W. Uganda].

a. 3. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 17th June. [No. 469. &. EF. D.]

Iris dark brown; bill and feet lack,

{A single specimen of the Black Cuckoo-Shrike was obtained in the acacia-country
at the south end of Ruwenzori.—R. B. W.]

CAMPOPHAGA PETITI Oustalet.
Campephaga petiti Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 519 (1903) [female].
Campophaga petiti Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xix. p. 87 (1907) [male, Mpanga Forest].
a. 3. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 20th Sept. [No. 548. &. H. D.]
The adult male of this species is very similar to that of C. nigra Vieill., but is
distinguished by having the under surface of the quills blackish-grey, with or without
the faintest tinge of greenish-yellow on the margins of the inner webs. In @. nigra

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 389

the inner webs are always conspicuously pale greenish-yellow. Iris dark brown; bill
and feet black. Total length ca. 8:0 inches; wing 4:1; tail 3:5; tarsus 0°85. The
single male procured by Mr. R. E. Dent is almost certainly referable to this species.
There is another perfectly similar specimen in the British Museum labelled ““Gaboon
(P. Du Chaillu), Tweeddale Collection,” which has been wrongly identified as C. nigra ;
also an adult female from Angola, procured by J. J. Monteiro and doubtfully referred
to C. hartlaubi Salvad.

I have also examined in the Tring Museum two males and a female of this species,
which, like the bird described above, were also collected in the Mpanga Forest by
Herr R. Grauer: likewise a male from Nandi, Uganda, obtained by Dr. W. J. Ansorge.

[A single specimen of Oustalet’s Cuckoo-Shrike was obtained in the Mpanga Forest
E. of Ruwenzori. It was shot in the top of a tall tree—k. B. W.|

GrRavcaLus casivs Licht.
Graucalus cesius Grant, Ibis, 1900, p. 171.
Coracina cesia Reich. Vog. Afr. 11. p. 514 (1903).
Coracina pura Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 515 (1903).
Graucalus purus Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 538 [ Ruwenzori }.
ag. ¢ 2 et ¢ imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-9000 ft., 4th-18th

a. a.
Jan. [iNos. 93) QoaeRs 2D), 1131, 1150) 16d; D1 C.; 2056: G- L.; 3086-
Jin Tee VA
h—-m. ¢ 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-9000 ft., 3rd—-18th Feb. [Nos. 142,

147. R. E. D.; 1232. D. C.; 2160. G. L.; 3146. R. B. Wi]

nm. 2 imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 8000 ft., 21st March. [No. 3248.
eb aye

Dr. Reichenow and other ornithologists still continue to separate Hast African
examples of this Cuckoo-Shrike from typical G. cwsius from South Africa. Of the
above, eight adult males have the wing-measurements as follows :—(1) 120 mm. ;
(1) 122; (8) 123; (1) 125; (2) 126.

In four adult females the wing-measurements are :—(1) 121 mm. ; (2) 123 ; (1) 127.

In the male type of G. purus Sharpe from Mount Elgon the wing measures 126 mm.

In typical examples of G. cwsiuvs from Cape Colony, &c., the average measurement is
about 127 mm., i.e. about 2 mm. more than in G. purus, and it appears absurd
on that account to retain G. purus as a separate species. There is no difference
in the colour of the plumage.

It has been stated by Dr. Sharpe (cf. ‘ Ibis, 1891, p. 121) that the white margins of
the quills in G. cwsius distinguish that species from G. pwrus, which has the external
edges of the primaries slaty-grey like the back. But the fact is that the white edges

390 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

to the quills are characteristic of the young birds of this species, which ranges from the
mountains of Abyssinia to Cape Colony.

[The Grey Cuckoo-Shrike was not uncommon in the forest-zone of Ruwenzori from
6500 ft. to 8500 ft., but was never seen above or below that elevation. It had a very
curious note, a long-drawn feeble squeak, such as one would expect a mouse or some
very small bird to make; it resembled the note of a young Robin in autumn, but
had almost less volume.—k. B. W.]

GRAUCALUS AZUREUS Cassin.
Coracina azurea Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 516 (1903) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1907, p. 457 [Cameroon ].

a 3. Irumu, Eturi Forest, 3000 ft., 17th Oct. [No. 3634. R. B. W.]

Iris dark claret ; bill and feet black.

This specimen seems to be referable to G. azureus, but is somewhat larger than any
of the West African examples in the British Museum. Wing 4°8 inches; tail 3°8.

[A single specimen of the Blue Cuckoo-Shrike was obtained in the Congo Forest,
and was the only one seen.—R. B. W.]

Family MuSCICAPID &.

MELANORNIS PAMMELANA (Stanley).
Melaenornis pammelaina Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 441 (1903).
Melenornis pammelena Grant, Ibis, 1907, p. 592 [ Baro River |. :
a-d. S$. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 21st-24th May. [Nos. 369. &. E. D.;
2377. G. L.; 3397, 3409. R. B. W.)
e-g. 2 et gd imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 16th June. [Nos. 462, 463,
468. R. E. D.]

Tris brown; bill and feet black.

The males are somewhat larger than the females.

é. Wing 3°75-3°9 inches.

2.) 5 8b 9

[Stanley’s Cuckoo-Shrike was not uncommon in the acacia-country at the south end
of Ruwenzori and in the Upper Semliki Valley, but was not seen on the range. It
was breeding at the end of May.—R. B. W.]

BRADYORNIS MURINUS Finsch & Hartl.
Bradornis pallidus murinus Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 486 (1903).
Bradyornis murinus Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 805 [N.W. of Lake Tanganyika].
a-d. 3 Get? imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft, 26th & 27th April.
[Nos. 242, 243. R. #. D.; 2292, 2295. G. L.]
Iris dark brown ; bill and feet black.

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 39]

[A few examples of this Robin-Shrike were seen in the acacia-country at the south
end of Ruwenzori in the middle of April. From the condition of the testes and
ovaries in the specimens examined they did not appear to be breeding. The species
was not subsequently met with.— RF. B. IV.)

ALSEONAX PUMILUS Reichenow.
Alseonax murinus pumilus Reich. Vog. Afr, ii. p. 459 (1903).
a-h. 3 Q et 6 2imm. Maubuku Valley, KE. Ruwenzori, 6000-7000 ft., 1st-26th Jan.

d. d. d.
Nos. 67, 76, 131. A ED D:; 2047, 2073, 2093. &. L.; 3061, 3070. RB. W.]
t-l. ¢. Mubuku Valley, EK. Ruwenzori, 5500-10,000 ft., 21st-25th Feb. [Nos. 167,

Wiie dina, Wess 1254. D.C.)

m imm.- Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 16th March. [No. 211.
R. E. D.)

n. 6. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 4th May. [No. 3317. R. B. W.]

o. 2 imm. Butagu Valley, W. Ruwenzori, 4000 ft., 30th July. [No. 2441. G. L.}

Tris dark brown; bill dark brown or blackish, lighter towards the base of the lower
mandible; feet brown.

This bird seems to differ from typical A. murinus Fisch. & Reich., which was
described from the Meru Mountains, Massai, in having a paler abdomen, but in this
respect some Abyssinian examples appear to be indistinguishable.

[This small brown Flycatcher was found on Ruwenzori from an altitude of 5000 to
10,000 ft. It frequented chiefly the more rough open country among the cultivated
patches below the forest-line, and was generally to be seen perched on a post or on
the end of a dead bough, from which it could easily fly after passing insects.—

R. BW

ALSEONAX INFULATUS (Hartl.).

Alseonax infulatus Reich. Vég. Afr. ii. p. 457 (1903).
a. 3. Fort Portal, Uganda, 5200 ft., 4th July. [No. 3498. Rk. B. W.] 5
bf. 3. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 17th—-25th June. [Nos. 1638, 1652,

1685, 1686, 1687. D. 0]

Tris dark brown; bill and feet black.

This species is new to the British Museum Collection. All the specimens which
have been named A. pumilus in the Jackson Collection are really referable to the
above.

[Hartlaub’s Brown Flycatcher was met with only in the papyrus-swamps and among
the tall reed-beds along the shores of the lakes.—R. B. W.]

392 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

ALSEONAX EPULATUS (Cassin).
Alseonaz epulatus Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 455 (1903) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1907, p. 445 [Cameroon |.

a,b. g¢ et g imm. 30-40 miles N.W. of Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 12th
& 13th Aug. [Nos. 3545, 3546. R. B. W.|

Iris dark brown; bill brown; feet yellow (adult male), light brown (immature male).

The immature male (No. 3546) has the secondary-quills, flanks, and upper tail-
coverts tipped with sandy-buff.

In the British Museum there is a typical example of this species from Muni River,
Gaboon (Du Chaillu).

{The small Slate-coloured Flycatcher was plentiful in the Kturi Forest, but was not
seen in the Mpanga Forest east of Ruwenzori, although 4. comitatus was found in both.
It seemed to frequent the lower parts of the tall trees, especially where there was little

undergrowth.—R. B. W.|

ALSEONAX FANTISIENSIS Sharpe.
Alseonax fantisiensis Sharpe, Cat. Birds B. M. iv. p. 131 (1879) [ Fantee|.
Alseonax epulatus antisiensis Reich. Vog. Afr. 11. p. 456 (1903).

a. 2. 40 miles N.W. of Fort Beni, 3000 ft., 13th Aug. [No. 3547. R. B.W.]

Iris dark brown; bill brown ; feet black.

It is remarkable that this female example should have been shot by Mr. Woosnam
at the same spot where he obtained a young male of A. epulatus; but there seems to
be no room for doubt that this bird is the true A. fantisiensis, as is shown by the

ashy-grey colour of the upperparts and breast and by its black legs.

ALSEONAX COMITATUS (Cassin).
Pedilorhynchus comitatus Reich. Vig. Afr. 1. p. 461 (1903).
Pedilorhynchus stuhlmanni Reich. t. c. p. 460.
Pedilorhynchus stuhlmanni camerunensis Reich. t. c. p. 461.
Pedilorhynchus camerunensis Sharpe, Ibis, 1907, p. 447 [ Cameroon }.
a. 6. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 20th Sept. [No. 548. R. E. D.]
6. ¢. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 23rd July. [No. 3512. R. B. Wall
Dr. Reichenow has separated the Uganda and Cameroon birds under the above
headings, but I am unable to see any difference whatever between the above-mentioned
specimens and the series sent home by Mr. Bates. All are referable to Butalis
comitatus Cassin (P. Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 35), of which the British Museum contains
typical examples collected by Du Chaillu in Gaboon.
The wing-measurement (60 mm.), as given by Dr. Reichenow in his key to the
species, is misleading. Cassin perfectly correctly gives the wing-measurement of the

type of B. comitatus as 24 inches, which is equal to 63 mm.

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 393

This bird looks like a large specimen of A, epulatus, which was also procured at
Fort Beni.

[Stuhlmann’s Flycatcher was numerous in the Eturi Forest and also in the Mpanga
Forest. Like A. epulatus it was always seen about the lower parts of the trees where
there were open spaces to pursue insects, and was never observed among the dense
undergrowth nor in the tree-tops.—R. B. W.]

STIZORHINA VULPINA Reichenow.
Stizorhina vulpina Reich. Vog. Afr. 11. p. 467 (1903) ; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 805 [ Ponthierville,
Upper Congo ].

a. 2. 10 miles N. of Fort Beni, Semliki, Valley, 3000 ft., 10th Aug.. [No. 1771.
DCs

6. 2. Irumu, Eturi Forest, 3000 ft., 16th Oct. [No. 3628. R. B. W.]

c. 6. Mawambi, E. Congo Forest, 2500 ft., 31st Oct. [No. 580. &. BE. D.]

Iris dark brown ; bill blackish ; feet brown or light brown.

The differences between this species and S. fraseri have already been pointed out in
my paper on Mr. Carruthers’ collection from the Upper Congo, &c.

In the present specimens the wing-measurements vary from 3°65-3°8 inches.

[A few examples of this Chestnut Flycatcher were seen in the Congo Forest through-
out the journey from Irumu to Basoko.—&. B. W.]

MuscicaPa TORUENSIS Hartert.
Muscicapa toruensis Hartert, Nov. Zool. vii. p. 37 (1900) [Toro ].
Alseonax toruensis Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 453 (1908).
a. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 28th Dec. [No. 2034. G. L.]
b-h. 3 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 5th-28th Jan. [Nos. 74.

R. B. D.; VTA. D. C.; 2086, 2119. G. L.; 3067, 3071, 3075. B. B. WI

i,k. ¢. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000-6000 ft., 5th & 17th March. [Nos. 187,
209. R. E. D.|

Iris chocolate or dark brown; bill bluish-grey, black towards the tip; feet very
dark brown or black.

One male example of the Toro Grey Flycatcher (No. 74) has the middle of the
breast and belly grey like the sides, whereas most of the specimens incline to whitish
on the middle of the belly.

[The Toro Flycatcher was found on Ruwenzori only below the forest-line; it was
not a common bird.—L. B. W.]

VOL. ¥1x.—PakT Iv. No. 52.— March, 1910. 3G

394 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

TARSIGER RUWENzORI Grant. (Plate XVIII. fig. 4, ¢ ; Plate XIX. fig. 19, egg.)

Pogonocichla orientalis Jackson (nec Fischer & Reich.), Ibis, 1906, p. 534 [ Ruwenzori].

Tarsiger ruwenzori Grant, Bull. B. O, C. xix. p. 33 (1906) [ Ruwenzori] ; id. Ibis, 1908, p. 307
[ Mufumbiro Volcanoes ].

Tarsiger eurydesmus Reich. Orn. Monatsb. xvi. no. 3, p. 48 (1908).

a-l. ¢ 2 et 6 2imm. Mubuku Valley, Eastern ee 6000-11,500 ft., 5rd—

31st Jan. [Nos. 1090, 1097, 1122, 1127. D. C.; 2062, 2068, 2069, 2127. G. L.;
S103. 0014, SIR eB. ai)

m,n. ¢ etimm., Mubuku Valley, 7000-10,000 ft., 2nd & 24th Feb. [Nos. 2138.
Goes BIS. eB We

o. ¢imm. Mubuku Valley, 6000 ft., 5th March. [No. 188. R. E. D.]

This species is most nearly allied to Z. johnstont Shelley, which it resembles in
having the outer webs of the secondary-quills margined with olive; but it is easily
distinguished by the conspicuous orange-yellow rump and upper tail-coverts, and by
having the yellow on the second pair of tail-feathers confined to the basal half of the
outer web, and the outer pairs widely tipped with black, about 0°7 inch in width.

Iris dark hazel; bill black ; feet olive-brown or greenish-brown.

3. Total length ca. 6:0 inches; wing 3:2; tail 2°7; tarsus 1-0.

ORs anes es 5G: eye ese Pw -9S3.0 Ratan o 4; tarsus 0:95.

Specimen No. 3141, a male shot by Mr. Wodenat at 11,500 ft., is a very richly-
coloured bird, the mantle and back being of a more reddish-olive colour than in any
other specimen, and the breast and sides of a deeper orange-yellow.

Immature birds of this species have the head, mantle, chest, and breast spotted, the
feathers of the upperparts having a buff spot margined with black at the extremity,
while those of the underparts are pale yellow bordered with black. ‘The belly is pale
yellowish-white. ‘The outer tail-feathers are quite differently marked from those of
the adult, being orange-yellow, bordered on both webs at the extremity with black,
whereas in the adult the whole terminal portion of the feather is black.

Mr. Carruthers obtained an adult male example of this species on the Mufumbiro
volcanoes.

Dr. Reichenow has recently re-described this species under the name of Tarsiger
eurydesmus.

‘Two eggs of 7. rwwenzori were procured in the Mubuku Valley, at an elevation of
8000 ft., on the 23rd of January. They are of a rather pointed oval shape and slightly
glossy. The ground-colour is white, finely freckled all over with light red and lilac-
grey, the markings being most numerous towards the larger end. They measure
‘94-61; -9X°62 inch.

[The Ruwenzori Bush-Robin was met with from an altitude of 6500 ft. up to
12,000 ft. It was most numerous in the forest and in the lower part of the

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 399

bamboo, It frequented the undergrowth only, and was never seen in the trees.—
ET Bays

PaRiIsoMA PLUMBEUM (Hartl.).
Parisoma plumbeum Reich. Vog. Afr. 11. p.521 (1905); Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 307 (Ponthier-
ville, Upper Congo ].
a,b. g et Simm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 3rd May. [Nos. 276, 277.

it Ee, P|
c,d. 6 2. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 23rd July. [Nos. 1749, 1751.
D.C.)

e. 2. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., Ith Aug. [No. 3537. RB. B. W.]

Iris dark brown; bill black or dark grey ; feet dark grey or bluish-black.

A young male (No. 277) is in much the same stage of plumage as the bird described
from Mr. Carruthers’ collection in my paper quoted above. The female (No. 1751),
one of the pair shot on the 23rd of July, is in very worn plumage, the grey feathers
on the upperparts inclining to sandy-brown.

[A few examples of Hartlaub’s Tit-Warbler were seen on the plains at the south-
east end of Ruwenzori, and in the open clearings in the Kturi Forest, also near Fort
Portal, but they were everywhere rather scarce.—R. L. W.]

CHLOROPETA KENYA Sharpe.
Chloropeta icterina Sharpe (nec Sundey.), P. Z. S. 1900, p. 608 [ Mt. Kenya, 10,000 ft.].
Chloropeta kenya Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. xii. p. 35 (1901) [ Mt. Kenya, 10,000 ft.].
Chloropeta natalensis kenya Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 465 (1903).
a-c. ¢. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-10,000 ft., 16th—31st Jan. [Nos. 134.
hi. ED; 1206. DaGr 2038.4. L. |
d. 2. Mubuku Valley, K. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., 3rd Feb. [No. 143. RB. E. D.]
e-h. ¢ Qet ¢imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-8000 ft., 4th-23rd March.
[Nos. 1287, 1411. D. C.; 2213, 2214. G. L.]
% 9. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 9000 ft., 12th April. [No. 3271. R. B. W.]
k. ¢. Butagu Valley, W. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., Ist Aug. [No. 1761. D. C.]

Tris hazel or dark brown; bill blackish, lower mandible mostly yellowish-horn-
colour ; feet grey or greenish-grey.

The only difference between this species and C. similis Richmond [ef. ‘Auk,’ xiv.
p. 163 (1897) ], which was obtained on Kilimanjaro at an altitude of 10,000 ft., appears
to be one of size, the wing-measurement being somewhat smaller, 2°15 inches. I may
here remark that Dr. Reichenow seems to have omitted all reference to C. similis (cf:
Vég. Afr. ii. p. 464), while Mr. Oberholser has identified it with C. kenya [cf. Pr. U.S.
Nat. Mus. xxviii. p. 912 (1905)]. I doubt the correctness of this identification for the

2 nn 5)
09 4

596 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION,

reason given above, and also because in the original description of C. similis the sides
of the face and ear-coverts are said to be of the same brownish-green colour as the
upperparts, whereas in C. kenya those parts are washed with yellow. It will be
necessary to compare typical examples of both forms before a definite conclusion can
be arrived at. ‘The shape of the wing varies in different individuals, and too much
reliance cannot be placed on it. In the present series the 3rd primary-quill is some-
times equal in length to the 8th and sometimes to the 9th quill.

Immature birds (Nos. 1287 & 2213) differ from the adults in having the upperparts
brownish-olive instead of dark greenish-olive, and the underparts paler yellow, the
chest and flanks being tinged with cinnamon.

C. kenya.
3 (type of the species). Kenya. Wing 2°3 inches.
g. Kikuyu Escarpment. Wing 2°35 and 2°45 inches.
¢. HE. Ruwenzori. Wing 2°3-2°45 inches.
g 55 9 2'25-2'3 inches.

C. similis.
1 2 (type of the species). Kilimanjaro. Wing 2°15 inches,

[The Kenya Yellow Flycatcher was met with on Ruwenzori from an altitude of
7000 to 10,000 ft. It was most plentiful in the swampy parts of the valleys from 9000
to 10,000 ft., usually keeping to the dense undergrowth. It has a short and very low
but extremely musical song, which is most often to be heard late in the evening.—

R. BW.)

CHLOROPETA MASSAICA Fischer & Reichenow.

Chloropeta natalensis massaica Reich. Vog. Afr. il. p. 465 (1903).

Chloropeta natalensis umbriniceps Neumaun; Reich. t. c. p. 465.

Chloropeta massaica Jackson, Ibis, 1901, p. 91 [Nandi]; Grant, Bull. B. O.C. xix. p. 32
(1906); id. Ibis, 1908, p. 307 [ Lake Kivu].

a. ¢6imm. 140 miles W. of Entebbe, 4200 ft., 10th Dec. [No. 1094. D. C.]

6. 2. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 21st Sept. [No. 551. R. £. D.]
c. 9. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 18th March. [No. 1371. D. C.]
d. 2. Butagu Valley, W. Ruwenzori, 4000 ft., 28th July. [No. 2438. G. Z.]

e. ¢. 60 miles N. of Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3500 ft., 16th Aug. [No. 1786.
DCH

Iris dark hazel ; upper mandible black, lower brown; feet varying from dark grey
to blackish.

A quite young bird (No. 1054) has the upperparts browner than in the adult, the
pale edges of the quills much wider and of a rufous-yellow colour, and the under-
parts, especially the chest, sides, and flanks, washed with cinnamon-buff.

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 397

[The Massai Yellow Flycatcher was observed near Entebbe, all around Ruwenzori,
and in the Semliki Valley near Fort Beni. On Ruwenzori it was found up to an
elevation of 6000 feet, but not higher: at 7000 feet a very similar species, C. kenya,
takes its place and ranges up to 10,000 feet. Its favourite haunts are low-lying damp
places and valleys, where there are tall grasses or reeds and dense undergrowth.—

R. BW

CHLOROPETA GRACILIROSTRIS Grant. (Plate XVIII. fig. 3, ¢.)
Chloropeta gracilirostris Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xix. p. 33 (1906).
a. ¢ imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 12th June. [No. 1623. D.C. Type
of the species. |
This apparently immature bird differs from all known species of Chloropeta in
having a longer and more slender bill and the feet and claws greatly developed.
The latter peculiarity is well shown in the accompanying text-figure 13, in which the

Text-fig. 13,

1. Foot of Chloropeta kenya Sharpe.

On ss 6 gractlivostris Grant.

foot of C. gracilirostris is compared with that of C. kenya, a species of about the same
size as regards the wing-measurement. It is most nearly allied to C. kenya Sharpe,
from which it differs principally in its somewhat darker olive upperparts and in the
absence of a superciliary stripe. ‘The type-specimen has the edges of the flight- and
tail-feathers as well as the upper tail-coverts dull reddish-brown, and the lower back,
sides, and flanks washed with the same colour.

Iris dark reddish-brown; bill brown; feet black.

Total length about 5:4 inches; culmen 0°63, width at the base of the nostrils 0:2;
wing 270; tail 2:4; tarsus 1:0.

[A few of these Flycatchers were found inhabiting the dense papyrus-swamps and
reed-beds along the shores of Lake Albert. They were apparently rather uncommon,
but the difficulty of seeing birds which live in such situations may have misled us
in this respect.— 2. B. W.|

398 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

Batis ORIENTALIS (Heugl.).
Batis orientalis Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 481 (1903).

a,b. 3 2. 100 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 4th & 5th Dec. [Nos. 27. R. E. D.;
3029. Rk. B. W.)

c-g. 5 9 et 9imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 4th-23rd May. [Nos. 1621,
1608. D. C.; 3315, 3362, 3363. R. B. W.]

h. 3. Mokia, $.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 6th June. [No. 3458. R. B. W.]

a. ¢. Lower Semliki Valley, 2500 ft., 4th Oct. [No. 3626. R. B. W.]

Iris yellow; bill and feet black.

[| Heuglin’s White-flanked Flycatcher was obtained near Entebbe and in the acacia-
country at the north and south ends of Ruwenzori, but it was never met with on the
mountains above 5000 ft.—R. B. W.]

Batis PuELLA Reichenow.
Batis puella Reich. Vog. Afr, ii. p. 483 (1903).
a-e. 6 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-8000 ft., 2nd-3lst Jan. [Nos.
1128. D. C.; 2048, 2049, 2070, 2130. G. L.]
Iris bright yellow or greenish-yellow ; bill and feet black.
[The Sylph-like Flycatcher was found on Ruwenzori from an altitude of 6000 to
8000 ft., usually below the forest-line. It was breeding in January.—2. B. W.|

Batis piops Jackson. (Plate XVIII. fig. 2, ¢.)
Batis diops Jackson, Bull. B.O.C. xv. p. 38 (1905) [Ruwenzori]; Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 831
(1905) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 535 [ Ruwenzori].
a-o. 6 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-8000 ft., 4th-20th Jan. [Nos.
d

Y d. d. d. d. d.
92, 104, 119. R. EF. D.; 1100, 1108, 1144. D. C.; 3069, 3080, 3101, 3106, 3107,
S108 609s SING. tab)
p. 6. North Ruwenzori, 7700 ft., 28th Sept. [No. 560. R. E. D.]

Iris yellow or orange; bill and feet black.

It is remarkable that in this species the sexes are perfectly similar in plumage.

[Jackson’s Pied Flycatcher frequented the forest-zone from 6500 to 8500 ft.,
where it was very numerous. It was to be found among the dense undergrowth and
also frequented high trees.— 2. B. W.]

DIAPHOROPHYIA CASTANEA (Fraser),
Diaphorophyia castanea Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 490 (1903); Sharpe, Ibis, 1907, p. 448
[Cameroon]; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 806 [Kasongo and Ponthierville, Upper Congo].
Diaphorophyia leucopygialis Fraser ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 535 [Toro].

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AYVES, 399
d. d.
a-d. 6 %. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 18th—20th Sept. [Nos. 545, 546.
Te He D300 i, SO oat. Hy «|
e,f. 6 2. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 21st & 23rd July. [Nos. 493.
he Be Di V3. DEG.)

Iris plum-colour or mauve, wattle round the eye dark mauve; bill black; feet
mauye.

Mr. Bates has published some interesting notes on the habits of this species (¢f. ‘ Ibis,’
1905, p. 94).

[A few examples of Fraser’s Spectacled Flycatcher were seen in the Mpanga and
Eturi Forests, but they were rather uncommon. They frequented the undergrowth
and were never seen high up in the trees.—#. B. W.]

DIAPHOROPHYIA JAMESONI Sharpe.
Diaphorophyia jamesoni Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 493 (1903).
a-g. 3 2 et ¢ imm. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 15th-23rd Sept.

[Nos. 518, 540, 555. R. E. D.; 3572, 3573, 3579, 3580, R. B. W.]

h,t. ¢. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 20th & 24th July. [Nos. 1728,
1753. D. C.]

Iris dark brown; eyelid turquoise-blue; bill black ; feet mauve.

The female has the crown and the upperparts greyer than in the male, and with
less oil-green gloss.

Quite young males have the upperparts like those of the female, but with even less
greenish gloss. The chin, throat, and upper chest are chestnut, darker on the sides,
and bordered posteriorly with a blackish band, and a few deep green feathers of the
adult plumage are mingled with the chestnut feathers of the throat.

[Jameson's Spectacled Flycatcher was met with throughout the journey through the
Congo Forest from Irumu to Basoko. It was also found in the Mpanga Forest east
of Ruwenzori. It inhabits the darkest parts of the forest, where it usually frequents
the tall undergrowth and is never seen high up in the trees—R. B. W.|

PLATYSTIRA CYANEA (P. L. S. Miiller).
Platysteira cyanea Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 488 (1903) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1907, p. 449 [Cameroon ].
Platystira albifrons Sharpe, Ibis, 1873, p. 159 [ River Loge].
Platysteira cyanea albifrons Reich. t. c. p. 489.
Platysteira cyanea nyanse Neumann, J. f. O. 1905, p. 210.

a. 2. Mokia, S.K, Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 29th April. [No. 3293. R. B. W.]
b,c. 6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 2nd & 22nd May. [Nos. 383. R. #. D.;
TAO C.)]

400 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

d-f. 3%. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 5400 ft., 11th & 15th June. [Nos. 3465, 3478,
3485. Rk. B. W.]

g-k. 3 et ¢ imm. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 21st-24th July. [Nos. 1732,
1735, 1758. D. C.; 3515. R. B. W.]

i. ¢imm. Butagu Valley, W. Ruwenzori, 4000 ft., 30th July. [No. 2443. G. L.]

Iris grey or dark grey; eye-wattle scarlet ; bill and feet black.

P. albifrons Sharpe appears to be founded on somewhat immature male examples
of P. cyanea. Inthe present collection there are males both with and without the
white forehead, shot at Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, and from Fort Beni there are males
clearly showing a transitional stage, in which the white band on the forehead is only
represented by a few white feathers.

Professor Neumann has recognized four subspecies of P. cyanea, but the differences
by which he characterises them seem to be of no value.

[These small Flycatchers were met with here and there all round the eastern and
south-eastern base of Ruwenzori as well as at Fort Beni on the edge of the Congo
Forest. Their note is a curious one, somewhat similar to that of Batis orientalis
Heugl., which consists of two low clear whistled notes, descending and with a
considerable interval between them. P. cyanea utters two very similar notes, but
adds a third and lower note the same number of semitones below the second that the
second is below the first.—R. B. W.]

MEGABIAS ZQUATORIALIS Jackson.

Megabias equatorialis Jackson, Buli. B. O. C. xv. p. 11 (1904) [Entebbe and Toro] ; id. Ibis,
1906, p. 536 [Toro].
Megabias atrialatus equatorialis Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 831 (1905).

a. &. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 17th Sept. [No. 523. Rk. E. D.]

Tris crimson; bill black; feet flesh-colour.

In this species the female has all the tail-feathers, except the outer pair, blackish
narrowly margined with chestnut, whereas in the alhed JZ. atrialatus Cassin all the
tail-feathers are chestnut. The males are practically indistinguishable.

Only one specimen was seen.

SMITHORNIS CAMERUNENSIS Sharpe.
Smithornis camerunensis Sharpe, Ibis, 1905, p. 469 [ 2 only, River Ja, S. Cameroon]; id. Ibis,
1908, p. 451 [ River Ja].
a. 2. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 18th Sept. [No. 3576. R. B. W.]
Iris dark brown; upper mandible black, lower white ; feet light greenish-yellow.
A great deal of confusion has taken place over this species, which is nearly allied
to S. capensis Smith, but is somewhat smaller and has a much darker and more richly

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 4()]

coloured brown back, &c. ‘The sexes are similar in plumage in fully adult birds.
The type-specimen of S. camerunensis is a female. Dr. Sharpe made the mistake of
referring male examples of S. rufolateralis G. R. Gray from 8. Cameroon to this species
(cf. ‘Ibis,’ 1905, p. 469); but on my pointing out this mistake to him it was
subsequently corrected (cf. ‘Ibis, 1908, p. 451). Mr. Bates had now procured a
number of males of S. camerunensis as well as females, and these do not differ in any
way from the type, except that the latter has the crown somewhat streaked. not
uniform as in the adult male and in the most adult females. The female specimen
from Mpanga is likewise perfectly similar to the type, both the wings and tail being
precisely the same length—wing 2°8 inches; tail 1:9. The specimen is evidently
a very mature bird, with the crown black like that of the male, the margins of the
median wing-coverts whitish instead of rufous-buff, and the under tail-coverts with
very narrow dark shaft-streaks. Among Mr. Bates’s birds there is a similarly marked
specimen (No. 1142) in very worn plumage, but the streaks on the under tail-coverts
are wider as in other Cameroon specimens. The sex of this bird was not ascertained.
It may be that the Mpanga bird represents a slightly different form, but more material
is required to settle the point.

[A few examples of the Cameroon Broad-billed Flycatcher were seen, or rather
heard, in the Mpanga Forest, but they were by no means common. ‘The note of this
little bird is, I think, the most remarkable I have ever heard, and it is impossible
to describe it satisfactorily. It is a kind of jarring noise, something like the sound
made by the Greater Spotted Woodpecker hammering upon a dead tree-trunk,
but very much louder and more resonant. I had often heard this sound in the
forest, but for a long time could not discover the cause of it. The natives said it
was made by a Colobus Monkey, but at last I had twice the good fortune to watch the
bird actually making the noise, at a distance of 15 yards from me. Had I not seen
and heard it so close to me, nothing would have persuaded me to believe that it
was not produced by a large animal. It was just the sound one would expect a
large Hornbill, such as Bycanistes subcylindricus, to make. The bird was perched
on the end of a short broken bough, but it did not utter the sound from there.
At short intervals it flew suddenly up and hovered like a great hawk-moth by the
trunk of the tree with its beak almost touching the bark, and in this position gave
forth the extraordinary jarring note. I watched it do this twice in a minute in
exactly the same spot, and then, fearing it might escape, I shot it. ‘The native who
had told me it was a Colobus was with me and seemed as much surprised as I was.
I have since wondered whether the sound is for the purpose of frightening insects
out of the bark or moss. Both S. camerunensis and S. rufolateralis make this curious
sound.—f. &. W.|

VOL. XIX.—PparT 1v. No. 53.—March, 1910. 3

402 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

a

SMITHORNIS RUFOLATERALIS G. R. Gray.
Smithornis rufolateralis Reich. Vig. Afr. i. p. 471 (1903) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1907, p. 452.
Smithornis camerunensis Sharpe, Ibis, 1905, p. 469 [ g, no. 456, Efulen, Cameroon J.

a. ¢. Mawambi, E. Congo Forest, 2500 ft., 30th Oct. [No. 5647. R. B. W.|

A male of this species procured in the Bugoma Forest, Unyoro, was presented to
the British Museum by Dr. C. Christy.

[Gray’s Broad-billed Flycatcher was met with throughout the journey through the
Congo Forest, but was not very numerous. It inhabits the darkest parts of the forest
where the trees are tallest, but does not frequent the tree-tops. Its note is exactly the
same as that of S. camerunensis Sharpe.—R. B. W.|

SMITHORNIS SHARPEI Alexander.

Smithornis sharpei Alexander, Bull. B. O. C. xiii. p. 34 (1902) [Fernando Po] ; id. Tbis, 1908,
p. 384, pl. vu.

Smithornis zenkeri Reich. Orn. Monatsb. xi. p. 41 (1903); id. Vig. Afr. 11. p. 724 (1903) ;
Bates, Ibis, 1905, p.95; Sharpe, Ibis, 1907, p. 452 [S. Cameroon ].

a. 6 imm.? 20 miles N. of Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., llth. Aug.
[Woslii3 20503)

Tris dark hazel; bill black, lower mandible whitish ; feet pale green.

The description of the bird from Fernando Po was published by Mr. Boyd
Alexander on the 23rd of December, 1902, while Dr. Reichenow’s description of
S. zenkeri did not appear till 1903, consequently the former name has priority.
I have compared examples from Fernando Po with Cameroon specimens and they
appear to be perfectly similar.

Mr. Alexander (‘ Ibis,’ 1903, p. 385) has expressed the opinion that S. zenkeri differs
from S. sharpei, but with the material now available for comparison I cannot see that
this is really the case.

The specimen in the present collection does not appear to be fully mature: the bill
is less broad than in Cameroon birds in the British Museum ; the wing-coverts are
more conspicuously edged with rufous; and the white patch on the throat is tinged
with yellow. All these characters are probably signs of immaturity.

Mr. Bates, in his paper quoted above, gives some interesting notes on the habits of this
species. He mentions the loud rattling noise made by the male, his remarks bearing
out what Mr. Woosnam has written above of S. camerunensis and S. rufolateralis.

ARTOMYIAS FULIGINOSA Verr.
Artomyas fuliginosa Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 462 (1903); Sharpe, Ibis, 1907, p. 452 [ Efulen,
Cameroon },
a-c. 6 9. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 23rd & 24th July. [Nos. 2436.
Go, 54350053020) 5h. 6. WV]

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES: 403

d. 2. 40 miles N.W. of Fort Beni, 3000 ft., 13th Aug. [No. 2450. G. L.]

e. 6. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 17th Sept. [No. 524. Rk. E. D.]

Tris dark brown; bill black; feet dark brown.

[| Verreaux’s Dusky Flycatcher was plentiful in both the Eturi and Mpanga Forests.
It was generally to be seen perched high up at the end of a dead bough, from which it
made short flights after passing insects, always returning to the same tree ; sometimes
six or eight might be seen on a single dead tree, but they were more often observed in
pairs. When flying they might be easily mistaken for Martins.—&. B. W.|

ERYTHROCERCUS conGicuUS Grant. (Plate XIV. fig. 1, 3.)
Erythrocercus congicus Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xix. p. 41 (1907).

a. 3. Irumu, Eturi Forest, 3000 ft., 16th Oct. [No. 566. Rk. FE. D. Type of the
species. |
This species is most nearly allied to HE. maecalli (Cassin), but the top of the head
deep chestnut instead of bright chestnut-red.
Tris pink ; bill brown; feet flesh-colour.
Total length ca. 3°8 inches ; wing 2:0; tail 1°75; tarsus 0°65.
Mr. R. E. Dent procured a single example of this beautiful little Flycatcher.

i
vA

‘TROCHOCERCUS ALBONOTATUS Sharpe.
Trochocercus albonotatus Sharpe, Ibis, 1891, p. 121 [ Mt. Elgon]; Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 499
(1903) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 536 [ Ruwenzori].
ai. 3 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000-8500 ft., 2nd—16th Jan. [Nos.

a. d. a.
85. R. H. D.; 1086, 1087, 1158. D. C.; 2051, 2060, 2061. G. LZ. ; 3082, 3121. Rk. B. W.]
k. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 3rd Feb. [No. 1215. D. C.]
lL-p. 3 9. ce a 7000-8000 ft., 4th—24th March. [ Nos. 1290,

a.
1291, 1368, 1416. D. €C.; 3244. Jip aie 1]

Iris dark brown; bill black ; feet dark brown or black.

[This pretty little Flycatcher was one of the most numerous birds inhabiting the
forests on Ruwenzori and was confined to that zone. It was occasionally to be seen
among the lower parts of the bamboo up to an altitude of 8500 ft., but it was never

seen below 6500 ft.— R. B. W.]

‘TROCHOCERCUS BEDFORDI Grant. (Plate XVIII. fig. 1, ¢.)
Trochocercus bedfordi Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xix. p. 40 (1907).
a,b. ¢ 2. Mawambi, E. Congo Forest, 3000 ft., 17th Oct. [Nos. 3631, 3632.
ht. B.W. Types of the species. |

This species is most nearly allied to 7. nitens Cass., but is larger; the general colour

3H 2

404 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

of the plumage is of a bluer-grey ; the crest shorter; and the edges of the wing-
feathers margined with blue.

3g. Iris dark brown; bill and feet slate-blue.

2. Iris dark brown ; bill dark horn-colour ; feet slate-blue.

¢. Total length ca. 6°5 inches; wing 3:0; tail 3-2; tarsus 0°6.

Q. as Gromer ‘gy . CRO (4 GE

An allied species, 7. kibaliensis, has recently been described by Mr. Alexander from
the Kibali River [cf. Bull B. O. C. xix. p. 88 (1907) ].

[The Duke of Bedford’s Flycatcher was a common bird in the forest between
Irumu and Mawambi. Its note exactly resembled that of Zerpsiphone emini, and the
two species might often be seen darting out from the same tree at passing insects.
7. emini was also found in the Mpanga Forest, but 7’. dedfordi was met with only in
the Eturi and Congo Forests.—R. B. W.]

‘TERPSIPHONE DUCHAILLUI Cassin.
Muscipeta duchaillui Cass. P. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 48 [Camma R., Gaboon ].
Tchitrea viridis Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 504 (1903) [part.].
a. 6. Mokia, 8.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 9th June. [No. 3461. Rk. B. W.]
Tris dark brown ; bill and feet light blue.
This adult bird is in nearly black and white plumage, but some of the feathers of
the back are partially chestnut; the five outer and shorter pairs of tail-feathers are
white, more or less bordered with black and with black shafts.

TERPSIPHONE SUAHELICA Reichenow. (Plate XIX. fig. 15, egg.)
Tchitrea perspicillata suahelica Reich. Vog. Afr. 11. p. 509 (1903).

a. 6. 80 miles W. of Entebbe, 3800 ft., 2nd Dec. [No. 3021. &. B. W.]

b. ¢. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 28th April. [No. 1449. D.C]

c-m. 6%. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., dth-24th May. [Nos. 318, 341.
hk. HE. D.; 1504, 1653, 1569, 1585, 1609, 1611, 1620. D. C.; 2359. G. L.]

n—w. ¢ 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., lst-29th June. [Nos. 406, 413, 422,
426, 458. R. E. D.; 1667, 1670, 1711. D. C.; 3449, 3493. &. B. W.]

za. 2. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 23rd July. [No. 3518. &. B. W.]

Great interest attaches to the changes of plumage in this species. Both Mr. Alex-
ander and Prof. Neumann have recently devoted much attention to a study of the series
in the British Museum. In naming the specimens in the present collection I have
followed the views of the former, with which I agree. All have the outer tail-feathers
chestnut, with the exception of specimen No. 1553, in which some of the outer tail-
feathers as well as the middle pair are mostly white. This specimen may be a
hybrid with 7. emini.

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 405

A single egg of this species was procured at Mokia from a small nest placed in the
fork of a low tree. The male bird was shot at the nest.

The egg is of a regular oval form and slightly glossy. The ground-colour is creamy-
white with small light red and dark purplish-grey spots, which are mostly concentrated
in a broad zone round the larger end. It measures ‘78 X°58 in.

[This Paradise-Flycatcher was very plentiful at the south end of Ruwenzori and in the
Semliki Valley. It was also seen near Entebbe, but was not met with on the range.
It was breeding at the end of April and also in June.—R. B. W.]

‘TERPSIPHONE EMINI Reichenow.
Tchitrea emini Reich. Vog. Afr. 11. p. 512 (1903).
a. &. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 13th Sept. [No. 511. &. £. D.|

Iris dark brown; eyelids, bill, and feet blue.

This male has a rather short chestnut-coloured tail, but in other respects appears to
be an adult bird. Both the upper- and underparts are of a brilliant orange-chestnut,
without any shade of brown. An immature male from Toro in Mr. Jackson’s
collection has the underparts partially covered with new feathers of a very similar
orange-chestnut, but all other male specimens in that collection are of a much browner-
chestnut colour.

The British Museum did not contain an example of the present species, only
the closely allied 7. rufiventris (Swains.) being represented. This latter resembles
examples of 7. emini in having the black occipital crest well developed, even longer,
and glossed with steel-blue, while in the allied species 7. négriceps (Hartl.) the feathers
on the crown are much shorter and of a purplish-black colour. 7. rufiventris, moreover,
is easily distinguished from 7’, emini by having the feathers behind the eye as well as the
ear-coverts chestnut instead of black, an important character which has hitherto been
overlooked, though Swainson partially indicated it in his plate [¢f. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 43,
pl. iv. (1837)]. A male of 7. rufiventris in the British Museum (Gambia: Sharpe coll.)
has the outer webs and tips of the greater and median wing-coverts as well as the outer
margins of the innermost secondary-quills white. From this one may infer that the
specimen in question is not in the fullest adult plumage.

In the Jackson Collection there is an adult male from Entebbe, shot on the 30th of
May, 1904, which appears to be a hybrid between 7. emint and T. suahelica. It most
nearly resembles 7. emini, but some of the greater wing-coverts and secondaries are
edged externally with white and the black of the throat is continued on to the upper
breast, which is mixed with grey, while the rest of the underparts are bright chestnut.
‘There is a somewhat similar specimen (No. 1553) in the present collection, which I
have already referred to under the heading 7. swahelica.

406 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

TERPSIPHONE IGNEA Reichenow.
Tchitrea ignea Reich. Vég. Afr. ii. p. 512 (1908).
Terpsiphone ignea Dubois, Ann. Mus. Congo, i. fase. i. p. 13, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1905).

a. 9. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 9th Aug. [No. 1769. D. C.]

b. ¢. 20 miles N.W. of Fort Beni, 3000 ft., 11th Aug. [No. 3541. R. B. W.]

c. 6. Mawambi, E. Congo Forest, 2500 ft., 31st Oct. [No. 3650. R. B. W.]

Iris dark grey or dark brown ; eyelids blue ; bill bluish-grey.

The male differs from the male of 7. nigriceps Hartl. in having the tail dark brown
washed with rufous, instead of chestnut, and the black of the head extends over the
nape, whereas in 7’. nigriceps it terminates on the occiput.

In neither of the male specimens is the tail fully grown, but the moulting-feathers
are of the same reddish-brown colour as the old ones, and there is no reason to suppose
that they will ever become bright chestnut.

The female differs from the female of 7. nigriceps in having the crown and nape
greyish-black, this colour extending even on to the upper mantle, where it becomes
paler ; the throat and sides of the head dark grey and the tail reddish-brown as in the
male. Younger examples of 7. nigriceps have the tail very similarly coloured ; but
the greyish-black head and throat of the female of the present species serve to
distinguish it at a glance from 7. nigriceps.

é. Total length (tail in moult) 7 inches ; wing 3:1; tail 3:5; tarsus 0°6.

5) oh 55 5:7 inches ; wing 2°8; tail 2-4; tarsus 0°6.

I pene little doubt that these birds have Been correctly identified as 7. ignea, a
species originally described from Angola.

(This Brown-tailed Paradise-Flycatcher was not uncommon in the Congo Forest.—

R. BW.)

ELMINIA LONGICAUDA (Swainson).
Elminia longicauda Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 496 (1903) ; Bates, Ibis, 1905, p. 96 [Cameroon ;
habits] ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 537 [Toro] ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1908, p. 457 [ Cameroon ].

a-c. 6 2. 100-150 miles W. of Entebbe, 4100-5000 ft., 4th-12th Dec. [Nos. 47.
R. E. D.; 1030, 1055. D. C.]

d,e. 3%. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 26th Jan. [Nos. 129, 130.
epee D).\

f. Ad. Mubuku ee E. Ruwenzori, 5500 ft., 21st Feb. [No. 1252. D. C.]

GEUR (eh ay si 6000 ft., 9th-15th Mar. [Nos. 1348. D.C. ;
S1Si voles. wt. 2B: W]e

k. 3. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 23rd May. [No. 3403. R. B. W.]
Iris dark brown or dark hazel ; bill and feet black.
|The Long-tailed Blue Flycatcher was seen near Entebbe and on the plains around

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES., 407

Ruwenzori. It was found also in the valleys up to an elevation of 6000 ft., but was
by no means a common bird.—R. B. W.|

CRYPTOLOPHA ALPINA Grant. (Plate XII. fig. 3, ¢ ; Plate XIX. fig. 12, egg.
Cryptolopha alpina Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xvi. p. 117 (1906).

a-k. 3. Mubuku Valley, EK. Ruwenzori, 10,000-13,000 ft., 27th-31st Jan.
[Nos. 1187 #, 1188, 1190, 1302, 1205, D. C.; 3130, 3131 *, 3132, 3138, 3139. B. B. Ww]

Lo. ¢ 2. Mubuku Valley, 10,000-13,000 ft., 1st-20th Feb. [Nos. 159, 160.
R. BE. D.; 1207. D. C.; 3171. B. B. W.]

This species is most nearly allied to C. wmérivirens (Riipp.) and C. dorcadichroa
Reich. & Neum., but has the underparts entirely brownish-buff and the middle of the
abdomen whitish-buff. Iris dark brown; upper mandible brown, lower mandibie
yellow ; feet dark brown. Total length ca. 4:8 inches ; culmen 0°6 ; wing 2°4 ; tail 2-0 ;
tarsus 0°85. .

An egg of this species is of a rather pointed oval shape and slightly glossy. It is
white, spotted all over with light red and lavender-grey, especially towards the larger
end. It measures ‘71 x°51 in.

[The Alpine Flycatcher was met with on Ruwenzori between altitudes of 10,000
and 14,000 ft., but was most plentiful among the tree-heaths which extend from
10,000 ft. to 12,500 ft. Its habits much resembled those of the Chiffchaff or
Willow-Wren and it had a short cheerful song. A nest, found at the end of January,
was placed on a dry ledge of rock under a great overhanging cliff; it was domed like

the nest of a Chiffchaff and composed of fine grass and moss ; it contained three eggs.

—R. B.W]

CryproLopHa L&TA Sharpe.

Cryptolopha leta Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. xiii. p. 9 (1902) [Ruwenzori]; Reich. Vig. Afr. ii.
p- 723 (1903) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 537.

a-h. 36 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-9000 ft., 3rd—18th Jan. [Nos.

d. d. d.
112, #. E. D.; 1091, 1095, 1120. D. C.; 2084. G. L.; 3079, 3117, 3119. 2. B. W.]
7% ¢. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., 23rd Feb. [No. 3175. R. B. W.]

| Ee: ? 8000-9000 ft., 10th—30th March. [Nos. 215.
d. d.
R. E. D.; 1366. D. C.; 2261. G. L. ; 3195, 3236, 3239, 3240. R. B. W.]

d,
ru. ¢ 2. Butagu Valley, W. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., Ist Aug. [Nos. 1766. D.C;
3534, 3535, 3538. R. B. W.]

* Types of the species.

408 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

Iris dark brown or dark hazel ; upper mandible brown or blackish, lower mandible
brewn or yellow ; feet greenish-brown or greyish-green.

| This little bird was found on Ruwenzori at an altitude of between 6500 and 9000 ft.,
inhabiting the forest-zone and the lower parts of the bamboo. It was very plentiful in
the forest and was usually to be seen in small flocks, which were busily searching
for insects at the tops of the trees and moved along like a troop of Long-tailed

‘Tits. It was very numerous in the Butagu Valley on the west side of Ruwenzori
among the bamboo at 7500 ft.

At 10,000 ft. its place was taken by a very similar species, C. alpina, which was met
with up to 14,000 ft—R. B. W.]

Family HIRUNDINID &.
CotiLE crncra (Bodd.).
Riparia cincta Reich. Vog. Afr. 1. p. 894 (1903).
a. 3. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 12th June. [No. 1625. D. C.]
Tris dark hazel; bill and feet black.
[A few were seen on the plains near Lake Edward at the south end of Ruwenzori.

—R. B.W]

CoTILE RUFIGULA Fischer & Reichenow.
Riparia rufigula Reich. Vog. Afr. 1. p. 400 (1903).

a,b. ¢ 2imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 8500 ft., 7th Feb. [Nos. 144,
145. R&R. E. D.|

Iris dark brown ; bill brown ; feet light brown.

hese two immature birds are in fresh plumage, some of the feathers being still in
moult. ‘The upperparts are dark sooty-brown with a distinct, though slight, oily
eloss; the feathers of the chin and throat have distinct dark shafts; the rest of the
underparts are sooty-brown, tinged on the breast with rufous and indistinctly margined,
especially on the under tail-coverts, with pale rufous.

[A few of these Martins inhabited an open ridge in the Mubuku Valley at 8000 feet,
and were seen again in a similar situation in the Luimi Valley.—R. B. W.]

Hirunpo Gorponi Jardine.
Hirundo gordoni Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 418 (1903); Sharpe, Ibis, 1907, p. 444 [S8. Cameroon }.
Hirundo neumanni Reich. t. c. p. 418 [N.W. Massailand ].

a. gimm. Entebbe, 3500 ft., 2lst Nov. [No. 4. R. EF. D.]

%. Imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 6th Jan. [No. 435. R. #. D.]

Both these birds are immature. J have compared an adult specimen from Wadelai

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 409

(Emin), which Dr. Reichenow considers typical H. neumanni, with the type of
H. gordoni. In the former the wing measures 122 mm.; in the latter 120 mm.
The difference in size is therefore of no importance, and the colour of the under tail-
coverts is not constant and cannot be relied on, the type of H. gordont having light
under tail-coverts.

[Gordon’s Swallow was obtained near Entebbe, and was very plentiful on the
plains at the south end of Ruwenzori.—R. B. W.|

Hirunpo emit Reichenow.
Hirundo emini Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 420 (1903).
a. 2. 100 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 7th Dec. [No. 3036. Rk. B. W.]

b. ¢. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 29th Dec. [No. 53. R. EB. D.]
20th Jan. [Nos. 118. &. EF. D.;

5 fo)
Cy d. 3240 zh) ” ” ”

d.
Ss DCs]
é. 9. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., 6th April. [No. 2279. G. L.]
Tris brown or dark brown; bill black; feet brown or dark brown,
[Emin’s Swallow was not uncommon throughout the journey from Entebbe to

Ruwenzori. On the mountains it was seen up to an altitude of 8500 feet.—R. B. W.|

PSALIDOPROCNE ALBICEPS Sclater.
Psalidoprocne albiceps Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 430 (1903) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 532 [Toro ].

d.
a,b. ¢. Entebbe, 3500 ft., 21st Nov. [Nos. 5.-R. E. D.; 1104. D. C.]

ce. ¢. Mokia, 8.E. Ruwenzori, 5400 ft., 30th April. [No. 1465. D. C.]
Ale 18 - a a 27th May. [No. 3420. R. B. W.]

Iris dark hazel; bill black ; feet brown or dark brown.

(The White-headed Rough-winged Swallow was seen near Entebbe, and from thence
throughout the journey to Ruwenzori. It was very numerous on the plains near
Lake Edward at the south end of Ruwenzori, and was also seen at Fort Beni on the
edge of the Eturi Forest.—R. B. W.]

PSALIDOPROCNE MASSAICA Neumann.
Psalidoprocne holomelena massaica Neum. Orn. Monatsb. xii. p. 144 (1904) [Kikuyu] ; Reich.
Vog. Afr. i. p. 829 (1905).
d.
a-d. 6 9. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft. PNose LUST Se. alaliteys
tio: C.]
In spite of what Dr. Reichenow and Mr. Alexander have written, I consider that
Prof. Neumann was fully justified in separating the present East African form from
VOL. XIX.—PaRT Iv. No. 54.—March, 1910. 3 1

410 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

typical P. holomelana from S. Africa. P. massaica is readily distinguished by the paler
and greyer colour of the under wing-coverts and axillaries, which are smoky-brown
in P. holomelena ; the latter also has the green gloss on the upperparts, especially on
the crown, brighter. '

[The Massai Rough-winged Swallow was numerous on Ruwenzori below the forest,
and occurred up to an elevation of 8500 ft.—A. B. W. |

PSALIDOPROCNE NITENS (Cassin).

Psalidoprocne nitens Reich. Vg. Afr. 11. p. 426 (1903), iii. p. 829 (1905) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1907,
p. 444 [S. Cameroon ].
Psalidoprocne nitens centralis Neumann, Orn. Monatsb. xii. p. 144 (1904) [ Eturi].

a. 2. 40 miles N.W. of Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 13th Aug. [No. 508.
Ti. EDs

Tris dark hazel ; bill black ; feet brown.

The above specimen, which is a typical example of Prof. Neumann’s P. n. centralis,
is indistinguishable from examples from Cameroon and Gaboon. The British Musenm
possesses a cotype of P. nitens from the Muni River, Gaboon (Dw Chaillu). The
sooty-brown throat [cf. Sharpe, Cat. Birds B. M. x. p. 204 (1885)] is no doubt a
sign of immaturity.

[The Square-tailed Rough-winged Swallow was always to be seen in the clearings
and about the native villages in the Eturi Forest.—R. Lb. VW. |

Family Picip &.

DENDROMUS CAROLI Malh.

Dendromus caroli Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 168 (1902) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 528 [Toro] ;

Sharpe, Ibis, 1907, p. 443 [Cameroon ].
a. 5. Mawambi, E. Congo Forest, 3000 ft., 2lst Oct. [No. 3638. &. B. W.]
Iris dark brown; bill black; feet pale greenish-yellow
This West African species has been already obtained in Toro by Mr. Jackson’s
collectors, so its occurrence in the Eastern Congo Forest was to be expected.

DENDROMUS THNIOLAMA (Reichenow & Neumann).
Dendromus teniolema Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 172 (1902).
Campothera hausburgi Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. x. p. 36 (1900) [Kenya].
Dendromus teniolema hausburgi Reich. t. ce. p. 172.
a. [2.] Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 18th Sept. [No. 533. R. #. D.]

Iris crimson ; bill dark horn; feet olive.

Ts

. W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 411

Only male examples were included in the British Museum series, so this freshly
moulted female is an interesting addition to the collection. It agrees with a female
in Mr. Jackson’s collection, but is more brightly coloured, especially on the under-
parts, which are strongly washed with greenish-yellow.

Dexpromus nusicus (Gmel.).
Dendromus nubicus Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 178 (1902) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 529 [Toro ;
Ankoli].
a,b. ¢. 80-100 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500-4100 ft., Ist & 4th Dec. [Nos. 28.

R. E. D.; 1023. D. CT
c. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 23rd March. [No. 2232. G. L.|
d. 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 10th May. [No. 1535. D. C.]
Gao. = a a 2ist June. [No. 1658. D. C.]
ft. 2. Semliki Valley, 2000 ft., 10th Oct. [No. 562. Rk. E. D.]
Iris dark pink, dark red, or mauve ; bill black ; feet olive-green or olive-brown.
[The Nubian Woodpecker was obtained near Entebbe and all around the foot of
the mountains, but it was never met with at an elevation of more than 95000 ft.

—R. B.W.)

MESOPICUS RUWENZORI Sharpe.
Mesepicos griseocephalus Shelley (nee Bodd.), Ibis, 1897, p. 547 [Nyasaland] ; 1899, p. 375
[N. of Lake Nyasa] ; Neumann, J. f. O. 1900, p. 201 [Kilimanjaro] ; Reich. Vog. Atr.
ii. p. 185 (1902) [part., Nyasaland].
Mesopicus ruwenzori Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. xin. p. 8 (1903) [| Ruwenzori].
a,b. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 8000 ft., 21st & 23rd Jan. [Nos. 1150.
De Oe 2105. Gada)
ce. 6 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 8000 ft., 2nd—8th Heb, [INos. 12am

1217, 1222. D. C]

a.
fig. ¢. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 8000 ft., Ist Mar. [ Nos. 1275, 1276. D. Cj
[eS mw - , Oth April. [No. 232. &. £. D.]

Iris dark brown; bill black, grey on the lower mandible ; feet grey or dark grey.

i
2)
o

The type of Dr. Sharpe’s MZ. rwwenzori is undoubtedly quite a young bird, and is not
really very closely related to MM. spedocephalus (Bonap.), with which it has been
compared. ‘The adult of I. ruwenzori is closely allied to M. griseocephalus (Bodd.)
from S. Africa, but has a well-developed bright scarlet patch on the middle of the
belly. Captain Shelley has wrongly identified birds from Nyasaland with the latter
form, which, as a rule, has no trace of a scarlet patch on the middle of the belly,
though a male specimen from Drakensburg (#. A. Butler) and a female specimen

312

412 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

=

from Zululand (Gordge) show traces of a dull crimson patch. The range of M. ruwen-
zor7, as at present known, extends from Ruwenzori to Kilimanjaro, Tanganyika, and
Nyasaland.

(‘The Ruwenzori Woodpecker was obtained only at altitudes of from 6000 to
10,000 ft., and was most plentiful in the forest-zone from 6500 to 8000 ft. It was

nowhere numerous.—k. B. W.|

MEsoricus P@OCEPHALUS (Swainson),

Mesopicus pwocephalus Grant, Ibis, 1902, p. 425 ; Jackson, Ibis, 1902, p. 641 | Eutebbe].
a. ¢. 60 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 29th Nov. [No. 1018. D. C.]
6b. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 14th March. [No. 1436. D. C.]

cag. @ 94 Molkia) (GiB. Rowensori, ,3400MepRIN-D4th May.\ IpNowmnaas aie
1545, 1617, 1619. D. C.]

Iris dark brown or reddish-brown; bill black, whitish on the lower mandible ; feet
dark grey.

The relations of this species have already been fully discussed in my paper quoted
above.

[The Goertan Woodpecker was observed near Entebbe and throughout the acacia-
country at the south end of Ruwenzori, as well as in the Semliki Valley. It was
found on the lower slopes of Ruwenzori up to about 5000 ft., but above that its place

was taken by M/. ruwenzori Sharpe.—k. B. W.]

MESOPICUS ELLIOTI (Cassin).

Mesopicos ellioti Hargitt, Cat. Birds B. M. xviii. p. 374 (1890) [type described]; Reich. Vog.
Afr. ii. p. 185 (1902) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1907, p. 443 [Cameroon }.

a. 6. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 19th Sept. [No. 541. Rk. E. D.]

Iris crimson; bill slate-colour; feet olive-green.

This specimen agrees in every detail with the type-specimen, which is also a male
and was procured at the Muni River, Gaboon. The occurrence of this species in the
Mpanga Forest, though not unexpected, is of great interest.

[A few examples of Elliot's Woodpecker were seen in the Mpanga Forest about
30 miles east of Ruwenzori, but the species was never met with on that range.—/?. LW. |

DENDROPICUS ZANZIBARI Malh.
Dendropicos hartlaubi Malh.; Reich. Vog. Afr. 11. p. 198 (1902).
Dendropicus zanzibari Grant, Ibis, 1905, p. 211 [S. Uganda].

a. &. Entebbe, 3500 ft., 21st Nov. [No. 1003. D. C.]

Iris dark red; bill black ; feet dark olive-green.

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 415

There can be no doubt that Hargitt was perfectly right in referring Dendropicus
hartlaubi Malh. to the synonymy of Picus cardinalis Gmel. = (P. guineensis Scop.).
Professor Neumann has attempted to clear up this difficult little group of Wood-
peckers (cf. J. f. O. 1900, pp. 206-207); but he seems only to have added to the
confusion already existing by introducing two new names, neither of which can stand.

DENDROPICUS LAFRESNAYI Malh.
Dendropicos lafresnayei Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 195 (1902).
Dendropicus lafresnayi Grant, Ibis, 1905, p. 211 [S. Uganda] ; 1908, p. 309 [Lake Kivu].

a.

a-c. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 17th-22nd Jan. [Nos. 2092,
2096, 2107. G. L.]

d,e. 3. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 14th & 23rd March. [Nos. 1547.
De C3) 320 lsh. BOW]

fig. 3 2. Mokia, $.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 18th & 20th May. [Nos. 1536. D.C;
2374. G. L.]

h. 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 23rd June. [No. 1669. D. C.]

i. 2. Lower Semliki Valley, 2000 ft., 10th Oct. [No. 3624. R. B. W.]

Iris dark crimson; bill grey or dark horn-colour ; feet olive-green.

[Lafresnay’s Woodpecker was found on Ruwenzori up to 7000 ft., following up
the valleys from the plains. It was not uncommon in the acacia-country along the
foot of the mountains at the south end and in the Upper Semliki Valley.— 2. B. W. |

DENDROPICUS PHCILOLaMUS Reichenow.

Dendropicos pecilolemus Reich. Vig. Afr. u. p. 196 (1902).
Dendropicus pecilolemus Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 529 [Toro].
Dendropicus nandensis Neumann, Orn. Monatsb. ix. p. 184 (1901).

a. 6. 60 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 29th Nov. [No. 1019. D. C.]

b. 2. 100 miles W. of Entebbe, 4100 ft., 4th Dec. [No. 1034. ). C.]

c,d. 2 et ¢imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 14th March. [Nos. 5217,
S218. he BD. Wl

e. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., dth April. [No. 229. &. EH. D.]

Iris dark red ; bill bluish-black ; legs grey, bluish, or olive-brown.

The immature male (No. 3218) has the general colour of the back greyish-brown
tinged with olive, instead of golden-olive, and lacks the yellowish wash on the under
parts, which are whitish-grey. ‘The first primary-quill measures about 1:1 inch, and is
much longer than in any of the adult birds. ‘This specimen agrees exactly with the
bird described as D. nandensis by Prof. Neumann. It was procured along with a
typical female of D. pecilolemus (No. 3217), which was marked “ breeding” and was
probably the parent bird.

414 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

[ Reichenow’s Spotted Woodpecker was obtained near Entebbe and all around the
foot of the mountains. It also occurs in the valleys up to an altitude of about 5000 ft.

—R. BW]

Family INDICATORID &.

INDICATOR VARIEGATUS Less.

Indicator variegatus Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 108 (1902) ; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 8309 [S.W.
Uganda].

a—-c. ¢ et 2? imm. 110-130 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 5th-10th Dec.
[Nos. 29, 42. R. E. D.; 2029. G. L.]

Iris olive-brown ; bill dark horn-colour ; feet dark olive.

I have already drawn attention to the differences in plumage between the adult and
young of this species in my paper on Mr. Douglas Carruthers’ collection quoted
above.

[The Variegated Honey-Guide was seen only during the journey from Entebbe to
Ruwenzori. ‘The note is a curious long-drawn trill.—R. B. W.]

InpDIcATOR MINOR Steph.
Indicator minor Reich. Vog. Afr. 11. p. 110 (1902).
Indicator pygmeus Reich. t. ec. p. 112.
indicator minor teitensis Neumann, J. f. O. 1900, p. 195.

a. 6. Mubuku Valley, KE. Ruwenzori, 5500 ft., 22nd Feb. [No. 1262. D. C.]

Iris dark hazel ; bill black ; feet olive-grey.

I very much doubt if J. pygmaeus Reichenow (= J. minor teitensis Neumann) can
be distinguished from J. minor, except perhaps by the most trifling difference in the
size of the bill and wing. ‘The supposed difference in the measurements given by
Dr. Reichenow (Vég. Afr. ii. p. 104) is due to sex and is of no specific value, the type
specimen of his J. pygmaeus being a female with a wing measuring about 80 mm.

The following measurements clearly illustrate the above remarks :—

Measurements of wing.

[aa —— ay
Male. Female.
mm. mm.
Waliko, Abyssinia . . . .. . 88 _
Wagga Mts., N.Somaliland . . . 87 82
© oF 2 ST, -
Athi River, B.E. Africa . . . . 90 82
Mubeku Valley, E. Ruwenzori . . 89 —
Swaziland, Ss Africare: | 0) -m eeeeo 87 (sex doubtful).

landisiBost. J) co ce Oe —

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 415

[A few of these Honey-Guides were seen in the lower wooded valleys in the central
part of the range, but they were never seen above an altitude of 5500 ft—R. Bb. W. |

INDICATOR EXILIS (Cassin).
Indicator ewilis Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 113 (1902); Sharpe, Ibis, 1907, p. 440 [Cameroon].
a. 2. Irumn, Eturi Forest, 3000 ft., 16th Oct. [No. 569. &. E. D.]
Iris brown ; bil! and feet slate-colour.
The wing measures 2°7 inches (=69 mm.).
[The above-mentioned specimen of this small Honey-Guide (a female) was evidently
breeding. The few observed were only seen in the Eturi Forest.—k. B. W.]

Family CaAPITONID.

LYBIUS HQUATORIALIS (Shelley).
Lybius equatorialis Reich. Vég. Afr. ii. p. 119 (1902); Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 530 [Toro].
a, 6. 3 9. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 22nd & 23rd March. [Nos. 220.
Ey, Des 2208. Maen
c,d. $ 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 10th & 30th May. ([Nos. 394.

R. BE. D.; 1533. D.C]

e. 29. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 13th June. [No. 451. k. £. D.|

Iris dark brown; bare skin round the eye pale yellow; bill whitish ; feet blackish,
dark brown, or grey.

[A few examples of the Equatorial Barbet were seen in the wooded valleys of
Ruwenzori all along the range. ‘The species was by no means common and was never

observed above an altitude of 5000 ft. It was also seen in the Semliki Valley, near

Lake Albert.—R. B. W.]

‘TRICHOLAMA ANSORGE! Shelley.

Tricholema ansorgit Shelley, Bull. B.O.C. v. p. 3 (1895) [Uganda] ; Reich. Vég. Afr. 11.
p. 131 (1902).
_a. 3. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft,, 17th Sept. [No. 629. R. FE. D.]

Iris crimson; bill and feet black.

The type of this species, which was procured by Dr. W. J. Ansorge at Port Alice,
Lake Victoria, is quite a young bird. Adult specimens have now been sent home from
Entebbe (Jackson Collection) and the Mpanga Forest, and show that 7. ansorgei is
really quite distinct from the allied 7. hirsutwm (Swains.) from the Gold Coast. ‘This
fact was not very self-evident when only the type-specimen was available for comparison.

416 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

more especially as the feathers are wanting on the sides of the face, and in that con-
dition it is scarcely possible to distinguish it from immature examples of 7. hirsutum.
It must be further noted that younger birds of this group have the spots on the head
and back, as well as the margins of the wing-feathers, bright golden; whereas in the
adult these markings are pale lemon-yellow and the crown is uniform black.

[The single specimen of Ansorge’s Barbet obtained in the Mpanga Forest was the
only one seen.—k. B. W.]

TRICHOLEZMA RADCLIFFEI Grant.
Tricholema radcliffe’ Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xv. p. 29 (1904).
Tricholema lacrymosum Reich. (nec Cab.) Vg. Afr. iii. p. 824 (1905).
a-g. 6 2 et ¢6 2imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 2nd—22nd May. [Nos.
269, 270, 3116. R. #. D. = 1554, 1555. D: Ci563598. 3399. 2. B. WwW.)
h. 6 imm. Mokia, 3400 ft., 24th June. [No. 1678. D. C.]
i,k. 9 et gd imm. Mokia, 3400 ft., 6th July. [Nos. 1718, 1719. D. C.]

Tris dark brown or yellow; bill and feet black.

Though some doubt has been cast on the validity of this species by Dr. Reichenow
and others, it appears to be well characterised and perfectly distinct from the allied
T. lacrymosum Cab. The adults of the present series all agree with the type-specimens
from Mulema (Doggett). Younger birds differ from the adults in having the black
spots on the sides of the underparts smaller and more oval in shape. No. 5399, a
female procured by Mr. Woosnam, is of special interest as illustrating the change of
plumage from the immature to the adult. When I compared 7. radeliffei with T.
lacrymosum I stated that the latter differed in having the underparts washed with buff
instead of yellow. ‘This, however, is not a reliable character, for specimens from
Mt. Kenya (Delamere), which have since been added to the collection, show that in
freshly-killed examples of both species the underparts are washed with yellow.

(Quite a number of Delmé Radcliffe’s Barbet inhabited the acacia-forest around the
south end of Ruwenzori and the upper part of the Semliki Valley, but they were never
seen on the mountains.—f. B. W.}

GYMNOBUCCO SLADENI Grant.
Gymnobucco sladeni Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xix. p. 42 (1907).

a. 2. Mawambi, E. Congo Forest, 2500 ft., 31st Oct. [No. 3651. Rk. b.W. Type
of the species. |

This species is most nearly allied to G. pelt Hartl., but is distinguished by having
the bill black. It approaches G. cinereiceps Sharpe in the colour of the bill and in
having the feathers of the throat, as well as the basal part of the feathers of the chest,
grey. j It may be at once distinguished from that species by having the head covered

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 417

with feathers. Iris crimson ; bare skin on head black ; feet black. Total length ca. 6-2
inches ; culmen 0°78 ; wing 3°; tail 1-9; tarsus 0-78.

[A single specimen of Sladen’s Barbet was shot in the Congo Forest, where they are
probably not uncommon. In the Mpanga Forest its place appears to be taken by the
closely-allied G. cinereiceps Sharpe, of which two specimens were procured.—

R.B.Wi)

GYMNOBUCCO CINEREICEPS Sharpe.
Gymnobucco cinereiceps Sharpe, Ibis, 1891, p. 122 [Mt. Elgon] ; Reich. Vég. Afr. i. p. 139
(1902); Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 531 [Toro].
a,b. 6. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft. 20th & 21st Sept. [Nos. 550.
Hi. B.D. > 3590) Ra Be Wy |

The colour of the brush-like tufts behind the nasal openings varies considerably in
different individuals. In the type-specimen and other examples collected at Mt. Elgon
in February the tufts are light ochre-brown. In two examples killed at Nandi in May
the tufts are of much the same colour, while in birds from the Mpanga Forest killed
in September and in several from the Kibera Forest, Toro, procured in January,
February, and September, they are deep chestnut-brown. One example, however, from
Toro, killed in October, resembles the type from Elgon, the difference in colour being
no doubt due to wear. Freshly-moulted and worn birds look so different that it
seems desirable to draw attention to the cause.

[Sharpe’s Grey-headed Barbet was plentiful in the Mpanga Forest. It was always
observed high up in the largest trees.— FR. B. W.]

BaRBATULA MFUMBIRI Grant.

Barbatula mfumbiri Grant, Bull. B.O.C. xix. p. 107 (1907) ; id. Ibis, 1908, p. 311 [Mufumbiro
Volcanoes ].
Barbatula leucolaima nyanse Neumann, J. f. O. 1907, p. 347.

The adult male is most nearly allied to B. leucolema (Verr.), but is larger ; the back
black, glossed with dark bottle-green, the chest greyish-white, and the rest of the under-
parts duller and of a more greenish-yellow colour. In the coloration of the underparts
it closely resembles . yacksoni Sharpe, but the rump is pale sulphur-yellow as in
&. leucolema and not bright chrome-yellow. Iris dark brown or dark hazel; bill and
feet black. Total length ca. 4:0 inches; culmen 0:6-0°55; wing 2:3; tail 1:15;
tarsus 0:6—0°65.

The adult female is similar to the male. Total length ca. 4:0 inches ; culmen 0°55 ;
wing 2-2; tail 1-1; tarsus 0°62,

a-c. ¢ 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-7000 ft., 16th-22nd Jan. [Nos.
115. Rk. #. D.; 3097, 3104. &. B. W.]

VOL. XIX.—PaART 1V. No. 55.— March, 1910. 3K

418 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

d-k. ¢ 9. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5500-7000 ft., 22nd-25th Feb. [Nos.

1460, 1261. D. C.; 2163, 2171, 2173, 2174. G. L.; 3180. RB. B. W]

1. ¢. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 13th Sept. [No. 3595. R. B. W.]

The type-specimen of this species was procured by Mr. Douglas Carruthers on
the Mufumbiro Volcanoes at an altitude of 6000 ft. It is precisely the same as the
birds procured by the Expedition on Eastern Ruwenzori at a similar altitude. The
male from the Mpanga Forest shot in September has the chest pale whitish-grey,
paler than in the birds from East Ruwenzori, but in the green gloss of the upperparts
and in other respects it agrees with the present species.

I am unable to distinguish typical examples of B. leucolema from B. 1. togoensis
Neumann (cf. J. f. O. 1907, p. 347).

(‘The Congo Forest teems with small Barbets, and one soon becomes so used to their
persistent piping that one ceases to notice the sound. But although they exist in
such numbers it is only on rare occasions that they are shot or even seen, for they
have a habit of remaining motionless for long periods, perched high up ina tree,
all the while emitting a succession of piping notes at regular intervals. It is most
difficult to tell where the sound is coming from ; and when disturbed the bird darts off
among the thick foliage and is lost until it once more commences piping. ‘This
species was also plentiful in the Mpanga Forest and occurred on Ruwenzori up to
$500 ft., but was by no means numerous.—R. B. W.]

BARBATULA CENTRALIS Reichenow.

Barbatula centralis Reich. Vég. Afr. ii. p. 150 (1902).

a-c. 6 9. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 4th-21st May. [Nos. 217, Ts De
1596. D. C.5 3316, 3357, 3865. 2. B. W.|

f. &. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., Ist June. [No. 3436. R. B. W.]

Wie. he As 3 5 2nd July. [No. 474. &. &. D.]

Iris dark brown; bill and feet black.

These small Barbets require careful revision. At the present time I am sure far too
many species are recognised. Prof. Neumann has recently separated a bird from the
Lower Blue Nile under the name of PB. chrysocoma zedlitz. It differs from L. chryso-
coma in having the pale portions of the feathers of the back deep golden-yellow. This
character may be a good one, but among the females of B. centralis from Mokia,
S.E. Ruwenzori, No. 8316 has the light portions of the feathers of the back pure
white, while Nos. 1596 and 3357, also females procured at the same time and place,
have these parts pale lemon-yellow, although all are undoubtedly of the same species.

In one male the wing measures 2°4 inches; in six females it varies from 2°3 to
2-4 inches (=58-61 mm.).

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 419

In B. chrysocoma [=B. ¢. guineensis Reichenow, Vog. Afr. ii. p. 149 (1902)] the
wing measures 2°2 inches (=56 mm.).

[This small Barbet was found only at the south end of Ruwenzori among the rather
dry acacia-forest on the plains, and in the wooded valleys of the lower part of the range.
It was not very plentiful——R. B. W.|

‘TRACHYPHONUS ELGONENSIS Sharpe.

Trachyphonus elgonensis Sharpe, Ibis, 1891, p. 122 [Mt. Elgon].
Trachylemus purpuratus elgonensis Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 160 (1902).

a. &. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 22nd Sept. [No. 3607. R. B. W.]

Tris crimson ; bill yellow; feet greenish-grey.

The most important character by which this form may be separated from examples
of typical 7. purpuratus Verr. bas been omitted in the original description, the light
streaks on the fore-neck and upper chest being much less numerous and not nearly so
pale in 7. elgonensis. This character is very marked when series of the two forms
are compared. The bill is certainly somewhat smaller; but the size, the crimson
wash on the forehead (though a little brighter in the type-specimens), and the crimson
border to the black of the throat are the same in both species.

[A single specimen of the Elgon Barbet was shot out of a small flock of six or seven
birds in the Mpanga Forest, but that was the only occasion on which the species was

seen.— Rh. B. W.]

Family MUSOPHAGIDA.

CoRYTH ZOLA CRISTATA (Vieill.).

Corytheola cristata Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 26 (1902). F
a,b. 3. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 17th Sept. [Nos. 512, 513.
c. 6. 950 miles N.W. of Fort Beni, 3000 ft., 15th August. [No. 2451. G. Z.]

Iris crimson or dark red; bill yellow, red at the tip; feet black.

[The Great Crested Touraco was common in the Congo Forest and also in the
Mpanga Forest, but it was not seen on the mountains.

The beautiful deep sonorous ‘ curu curu curn” of this bird resounding through the
silent depths of the woods is one of the most impressive and characteristic sounds of
the great Congo Forest.

The native (Swaheli) name for several species of Touracos is “ curu curu.”—R. B. W. |

MvsoPHAGs Ross& Gould.
Musophaga rosse Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 29 (1902); Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 524 [ Ankol1] ;
Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 312 [Lake Kivu].
a. g. Entebbe, 3500 ft., 21st Nov. [No. 7. R. £. D.]

(Sh)
A
bo

420 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

Iris dark brown ; bill yellow, upper mandible orange at the base; feet black.
[Lady Ross’s Touraco was plentiful at Entebbe, but was not seen either in the
Toro district or on Ruwenzori.—k. B. W.|

GYMNOSCHIZORHIS LEOPOLD! (Shelley).
Gymnoschizorhis leopoldi Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 37 (1902); Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 525
[Ankoli] ; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 311 [S.W. Uganda].

a,b. 6 2. Mokia, 8.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 15th & 18th May. [Nos. 1550.
DiGs; 3314. Rh. B. VW.

Iris dark brown; bare skin on the sides of the face and throat black; bill and feet
black.

[A few examples of King Leopold’s Touraco were seen in the acacia-trees around
the south end of Ruwenzori; it was evidently a rare bird.—f. B. W.|

GALLIREX JOHNSTONI Sharpe.
Gallirexr johnstoni Sharpe, Bull. B.O.C., xi. p. 57 (1901) [Ruwenzori]; id. Ibis, 1902, p. 112,
pl. v.; Reich. V6g. Afr. ii. p. 41 (1902).
Ruwenzorornis johnstoni Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 523 [ Ruwenzori }.
a. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 9000 ft., 26th Jan. [No. 3217. Rk. B. W.]
b-h. 3 Q. op y 3 2nd-18th Feb. [Nos. 1209, 1210,

1238, 1237, 1238, 1239. D. C.; 3163. R. B. W.)

i-l. ¢ @. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 9000 ft., 10th March. [Nos. 1312,
1313, 1314. D. C.]

Iris dark hazel or chocolate; eyelid scarlet; bare skin in front of the eye yellow,
that below and behind the eye scarlet; bill light green, black at the tip and pink at
the base; feet black.

A closely allied form of this splendid Touraco has been recently discovered by
Herr R. Graver on the Mufumbiro Volcanoes *, and has been described by Prof.
Neumann as Ruwenzorornis johnstoni kivuenses (cf. Bull. B., O. C. xxi. p. 54 (1908) ].
The fact that that species has the area round the eye feathered as in Gallirex proves
that the genus Ruwenzorernis, proposed by Prof. Neumann, is superfluous.

[Johnston’s Louraco inhabits the upper part of the forest-zone, It is most plentiful
at an altitude of about 9000 ft., among the bamboo and Podocarpus trees, and feeds
largely on the berries of the latter. It was occasionally to be found as low down as
8500 ft., but never lower, and was sometimes seen as high as 11,000 ft.

* Professor Neumann gives the locality “‘ Western Kivu Volcanoes”; but there has evidently been some
confusion about the locality, for Mount Sabjingo (or, as it is more correctly written, Sabyino) forms part of the

Mufumbiro Mountains and lies to the north-east of Lake Kivu.

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AYVES. 421

The note is loud and shrill, totally unlike that of Twracus emini, which has a low-
toned musical “ curung curung” repeated over and over again.

Although chiefly to be met with in the Podocarpus trees, birds might now and then
be seen perched on the end of a long bamboo. Like its ally, 7. emini, it was far more
often heard than seen, and it was some weeks before we identified the shrill laugh so
often heard among the bamboos as the voice of Johnston’s Touraco.—f. B. W.|

‘TURACUS EMINI Reichenow.
Turacus emini Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 50, pl. iv. fig. 2 (1902) ; Dubois, Ann. Mus. Congo,
Zool. (4) i. fase. i. p. 4, pl. iii. fig. 1 (1905) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 523 [| Ruwenzori |.
Turacus schiitti emini Neumaun, Nov. Zool. xv. p. 375 (1908).
a. 2. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 21st Sept. [No. 3595. R. B. W.|
b. ¢. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 9000 ft., 9th Jan. [No. 1126. Dy Gs

d. d.
cl. 6 @. ii a 8000 ft., 2nd—25th Feb. [Nos. 1228, AS)

1930, 1281. D. C.; 2139, 2158, 2159, 2165, 2175. G. L.]

m. 2 imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 9000 ft., lst March. [No. 1280. D. €.|

n. ¢. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 22nd July. [No. 1738. D. C ]

Tris dark brown; eyelid vermilion ; bill black, base of the lower mandible dark red ;
feet black.

[The forest in the central part of the Semliki Valley on the west of Ruwenzori is
undoubtedly the headquarters of Hmin’s Touraco, and there it was extremely numerous.
It was seen throughout the eastern parts of the forest, and westwards as far as
Basoko, and was not uncommon in the Mpanga Forest.

On Ruwenzori it was fairly common throughout the forest-zone, and was seen
up to an altitude of about 9000 ft., but above this its place was taken by Gallirex
johnstoni. The Touracos run so fast and so nimbly along the boughs of the trees
that they appear more like squirrels than birds. They were always difficult birds to
procure, and were far more often heard than seen.—2&. B. W.)

Family CucuLID &.
CENTROPUS OCCIDENTALIS Neumann,
Centropus monachus Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 528 [Toro] ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1907, p. 439
[Cameroon].
Centropus monachus occidentalis Newmann, Bull. B. O.C. xxi. p. 77 (1908) [Ogowe R. ].

a. ¢. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 4th April. [No 2271. @. L.|

b. 2. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 20th July. [No. 2416. G. L.]

Both these examples belong to the darker-backed southern form with brown inner
secondaries, which has very properly been separated by Prof. Neumann from C. monachus
Riipp., from Abyssinia.

422 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

The adult female (?) is in moult, and the partially grown upper tail-coverts resemble
the older feathers, being black glossed with green and barred with buff. In the most
adult female specimens the upper tail-coverts are uniform black glossed with green
and devoid of buff bars. ‘The uniform upper tail-coverts are apparently assumed at an
earlier age by the male than by the female.

CENTROPUS SUPERCILIOSUS Hempr. & Ehr.
Centropus superciliosus Reich, Vog. Afr. ii. p. 65 (1902).

a. @. 80 miles W. of Entebbe, 3700 ft., 2nd Dec. [No. 20. &. & D.]

b. 3. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 5400 ft., 26th April. [No. 239. Rk. #. D.]

ch. 3 9 et ¢ 2 imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 12th-3lst May. [Nos.
282,330, ofo. B.ED; Vool: D.C. 2287Gadn; 3435. KR. B. We)

iI. ¢ 2 et 9 imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., Ist-12th June. [Nos. 416,
£49. fi. &. D.; 3439. Rk. B. W.)

Adult. Iris crimson or red (in No. 8439 dark brown); Dill black; feet blue or
bluish-grey.

Immature. Iris grey or stone-colour; bill black; feet slate-colour.

The colour of the underparts varies considerably in adult examples of this species ;
in some the ground-colour is strongly washed with buff, in others it is nearly white
(as is the case in all adult birds from Sokotra). This difference in tint, however, is
due neither to locality nor season, for two adult males (Nos. 239 and 330) from Mokia,
killed respectively in April and May, represent both types of coloration.

[A few examples of the White-eyebrowed Lark-heel Cuckoo were seen near Entebbe ;
they were very plentiful among the acacia-trees at the south end of Ruwenzori. The
flight of this bird is remarkably weak and laboured, and during windy or rainy
weather it appears quite helpless and almost unable to fly. Unless hustled, it usually
works its way to the top of a thorn-bush as a point of vantage, from which it makes a
blundering dive into the bottom of the next bush.

In the early morning its call might be heard in every direction, and Mr. F. J. Jack-
son has aptly compared it with the sound of water being poured quickly from a large
bottle.—F#. B. W.]

Full details of the habits and call of this Cuckoo will also be found in my paper on
the Birds of Sokotra [¢f. Nat. Hist. Sokotra and Abd-el-Kuri, Birds, p. 43 (1903)).

CoccysTEs caFER (Lichtenstein).
Coccystes cafer Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 76 (1902).
a,b. g. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 27th & 30th April. [Nos. 246. R. E. D.;
1462. D. C.]

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 435

c-f. ¢ 9 et g juv. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., Ist-25th May. [Nos. 352.
A BDL; TAT0SNGI2, De Css 3417. Rk. B. W.]

g- 2. Mokia, 8.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 16th June. [No. 3494. R. B.W.]

Inis dark brown.

The width of the black stripes on the throat and chest appears to be a matter of age ;
they are much narrower in the birds of the year (such as Nos. 1470, 3417), and very
much wider in the adult males (Nos. 246, 1462, 1612) [ef. remarks by Capt. Shelley,
Cat. Birds B. M. xix. p. 222 (1891)].

CoccystEs JAcoBINUS (Bodd.).
Coccystes jacobinus Reich. Vég. Afr. ii. p. 78 (1902); Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 526 [Toro].
a,b. 3. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., Ist-3rd May. [Nos. 1489. D. C.;
SUIS Cras Galle

Iris dark hazel; bill black; feet very dark grey.

CEUTHMOCHARES AEREUS Vieill.
Ceuthmochares aereus Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p.73 (1902) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1907, p. 440 [Cameroon | ;
Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 312 [ Ponthierville, Upper Congo].
Ceuthmochares aereus intermedius Sharpe; Reich. t. e. p. 74.
Ceuthmochares intermedius Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 528 [Toro].
a. 2. 10 miles N.W. of Fort Beni, 3000 ft., 10th Aug. [No. 502. R. E. D.]
b,c. 2. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 17th & 21st Sept. [Nos. 530.
R. E. D.; 3594. B. B. WL]

Iris dark red, chestnut, or crimson ; bill yellow; feet black.

Crrcococcyx MEcHow! Cabanis.

Cercococcyx mechowi Reich. J. f. O. 1897, p. 14, pl. i. (Centrococcyx mechow?) [Togo] ; id.
Vig. Afr. ii. p. 84 (1902) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 526 [Toro]; Sharpe, Ibis, 1907,
p- 436 [Cameroon ].

a. 2. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 20th Sept. [No. 3589. 2. B. W.|

b. ¢ imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000 ft., llth Jan. [No. 35098.
Jie breed

Iris dark brown ; bill horn-coiour (adult) or dark brown with the lower mandible
greenish (immature); feet yellow.

Captain Shelley [¢/. Cat. Birds B. M. xix. p. 265 (1891)] gives a description of this
species, but states that it was only known to him at that date from the description.
Asa matter of fact, the British Museum contained at least two examples, but these
were wrongly referred to Cuculus solitarius Steph., and will be found in the list of

424 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION,

specimens of that species catalogued as follows:—‘“d', é’.

(Aubinn). Shelley Coll.”
C. mechowi is easily recognised by its much longer tail, which in the present

Imm. sk. Gold Coast

examples measures 9 7°6 inches, ¢ imm. 7:4, as compared with about 6 inches in
C. solitarius.

CucuLus souitartus Stephen.
Cuculus solitarius Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 87 (1902) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 527 [ Ruwenzori ;
Toro]; Sharpe, Ibis, 1907, p. 435 [Cameroon]; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 312 [N.W. of
Lake Tanganyika}.

af. ¢ 9 et 2 imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 7000-8000 ft., 7th-25rd Jan.

a,
[Nos. 2078, 2091, 2109. @. Z.; 3083, 3099, 3100. R. B. W.)
g. 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 29th April. [No. 254. R. E. D.]
Hsia She ws, - A 9th & 14th May. [Nos. 1532, 1568. D. C.]

Iris dark brown ; bill black, base of the lower mandible yellow; feet yellow.

An apparently adult male (No. 1558), killed on the 14th of May, is in curious
plumage. ‘The throat is entirely grey, while the bright chestnut band which usually
occupies the fore-neck and chest is merely indicated by a few rufous and buff feathers.
A second adult male (No. 1552), killed at the same place on the 9th of May, is in
perfectly normal plumage.

The female usually has the band across the fore-neck much paler chestnut and
heavily barred with black; but in one female (No. 3083) the chestnut is quite as bright
as in the male, and the black bars are less conspicuous.

Younger birds have the basal part of the outer web of the primaries barred with
buff, and the innermost secondaries and greater wing-coverts narrowly margined at the
tip with white.

[During January and February the forest-zone on Ruwenzori resoundéd with the
notes of the Solitary Cuckoo ; but in March and April the birds had either nearly all
gone or had become silent. ‘The call is made up of three notes, which, according to
Mr. Bates, have been variously expressed ‘‘ Piet-mijn-vrow” or ‘ Za-so-foé,” meaning
“Who brings the news?” It was also heard in the Congo Forest and at the south
end of Ruwenzori, as well as in the Mpanga Forest. On the mountains this species
neyer ascended above an altitude of 8500 ft.—2&. B. W.]

CHrYsococcyx CUPREUS (Bodd.).
Chrysococcyx cupreus Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 94 (1902) ; Stark & Sclater, B.S. Afr. iii. p. 189
(1903) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1907, p. 488 [Cameroon ].
a. 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 28th April. [No. 1452. D. C]

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 425

b-d. ¢ 2 imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 4th-26th May. [Nos. 379.
BB D5 33225 33009he Be IV. |

e-g. 6 Qimm. Mokia, $.E. Ruwenzori, 5400 ft., 11th & 12th June. (Nos. 411,
448. R. EB. D.; 3467. &. B. W.|

Adult. Tris whitish ; bill and feet black.

Immature. Tris light grey; bill reddish-brown; feet dark brown.

The present series includes all stages of plumage, from the immature to the
adult.

A male (No. 379) still in partially immature plumage has been marked ‘ breeding ”
by Mr. Dent. Only the second primary-quill in each wing and the right-hand outer
tail-feather are in the adult plumage—~. e., black with white spots.

[A few examples of the Didric Cuckoo, so called from its note, were seen on the
plains at the south end of Ruwenzori and in the Upper Semliki Valley. They were
breeding at the end of June.—R. B. W.]

Curysococcyx KLAASI (Steph.).
Chrysococcyx klaasi Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 98 (1902) ; Stark & Sclater, B. S. Afr. iii. p. 186
(1903) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1907, p. 437 [Cameroon ].
a. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 18th Jan. [No. 1167. D. C.]
6b. ¢ imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 21st May. [No. 2380. G. L.]
c,d. 3. > 3 “0 Ist & 21st June. [Nos. 407. &. E. D.;

1663. D. C]

Tris dark brown; bill olive-green ; feet green or olive-green.

[Only one specimen of Klaas’ Cuckoo was seen on Ruwenzori, and was procured
just below the forest-line. A few were seen in the acacia-forest at the south end.
They were always very shy birds and difficult to approach.—R. B. W.}

CHRYSOCOCCYX FLAVIGULARIS Shelley.
Chrysococcyx flavigularis Shelley, P.Z.S. 1879, p. 679, pl. 1.; Reich. Vég. Afr. ii. p. 100
(1902) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1907, p. 437 [S. Cameroon].

a. 2. Mawambi, EK. Congo Forest, 2500 ft., 29th Oct. [No. 575. &. E. D.|

When volume xix. of the ‘Catalogue of the’Birds’ was written in 1891 this species
was not represented in the British Museum. The type, a male, which was procured at
Elmina, Fantee, is now in the Stuttgart Museum, and not in the British Museum as
stated by Dr. Sharpe (‘Ibis,’ 1907, p. 437). A male was procured by Mr. Bates at the
River Ja, S. Cameroon.

[The only specimen seen was obtained in the Congo Forest in an open clearing
near a village.—R. B. W.]

VOL. XIx.—PaRT Iv. No. 56.—WMarch, 1910. 33 1h

426 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

METALLOCOCCYX SMARAGDINEUS (Swainson).
Chrysococcyx smaragdineus Shelley, Cat. Birds B. M. xix. p. 280 (1891); Stark & Sclater,
B.S. Afr. iii. p. 185 (1903).
Metallococcyx smaragdineus Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 101 (1902) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 527
[ Ruwenzori] ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1907, p. 437 [Cameroon }.
a. 3. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 20th Sept. [No. 3588. 2. B. W.]

Iris dark brown; bill light green; feet pale blue.

(‘The Emerald Cuckoo was seen only in the Congo Forest and in the Mpanga Forest,
east of Ruwenzori. The one obtained was perched at the top of a tall dead tree and
was uttering a loud shrill note.—2. B. W.|

Family TrRoGoNID &.
HAPALODERMA NARINA (Stephen).
Apaloderma narina Reich. Vig. Afr. i1. p. 212 (1902).
Hapaloderma narina Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 522 [Toro] ; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 312 [Ponthier-
ville, Upper Congo].
a. 2. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 14th Sept. [No. 514. Rk. BE. D.]

Tris crimson; bill pale yellow; feet dark olive.

HAPALODERMA ViTTAaTUM Shelley.
Hapaloderma vittatum Grant, Cat. Birds B. M. xvii. p. 480, pl. xvi. (1892).
Heterotrogon vittatum Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 215 (1902).
a. 2imm. Entebbe, 5000 ft., 12th Dec. [No. 1060. D. C.]
b. ¢. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 16th Sept. [No. 621. Rk. £. D.]
Adult. Iris dark claret-colour; bill pale yellow ; feet black.
Immature. Iris dark hazel; bill black, yellow at the base and on the lower
mandible; feet whitish.
{Both these species of Trogon were seen in the Congo and Mpanga Forests, and
appeared to be rather uncommon birds.—R#. B. W.|

Family CoLiip&.
Couivs AFFINIS Shelley.
Colins leucotis affinis Reich. Vég. Afr. ii. p. 205 (1902).
Colius leucotis Sclater, in Wytsman’s Gen. Ay., Picarie, pt. vi. Coliide, p. 5 (1906).
a. ¢. Entebbe, 3500 ft., 16th Nov. [No. 1001. D. C] a4
b-h. 6 2. Mubuku Valley, EK. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 3rd—20th Jan. [Nos. 63, 103.

d.
Rh. H: D5 W89. D.C); 2066, 2099. G. T3014, 3123. RB

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 427

d.
Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., lst-17th May. [Nos. 264. Rk. E. D.;

i-l. 3 Q
15718: Dy Oe 3323.0. bay. |

m,n. ¢ 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., lst & 6th June. [Nos. 409, 433.
Heel. 2).

Iris slate-colour (November), orange, yellow, or greenish-yellow (January, May,
and June); bill dark grey, culmen and lower mandible whitish ; feet coral-red or
scarlet.

This species was breeding at Mokia in January.

[Shelley’s Coly was plentiful on the plains all around Ruwenzori, and was also met
with on the mountains up to the altitude where the forest-line commences, but
not higher. Unlike C. macrurus, this species usually frequents the lower bushes,
especially those overgrown with a tangled mass of creepers. It is usually to be seen
in small flocks. Often on the approach of danger, instead of at once taking to flight,
all the birds disappear into the bush after the manner of rats or squirrels rather than
birds. If the bush is beaten, they eventually come hurrying out, and, with a great
whirring of wings, fly off chattering to some adjacent thick bush, into which they at once
disappear headlong.—F. B. W’.|

CoLtus MACRURUS (Linn.).
Colius macrourus Reich. Vog. Afr. 1. p. 210 (1902).
Colius macrurus Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 522 [Toro] ; Sclater in Wytsman’s Gen. Av., Picari,
pt. vi. Coliidze, p. 4 (1906).
a-d.-6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 2nd-25th June. [Nos. 1622, 1689.
D. C.; 3441, 3464. Rk. B. W.| a.
e-l. ¢ 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 2nd-7th July. [Nos. 473. R. E. D.;

1715, pea OO 2412, 2413, 2414, 2415. G. L.]

Iris dark red or dark brown (in one, violet) ; eyelid scarlet ; bill black, base of the
upper mandible and cere pink ; feet pink, dull red, or dark mauve.

[A few Long-tailed Colies were seen among the acacias on the plains at the S.E. of
Ruwenzori, but there they were comparatively rare birds; while further round the
mountains on the S.W., in an exactly similar kind of acacia-country, they were very
numerous. ‘They were seen always in small flocks of six or eight individuals, and
were usually to be found among the taller trees. Their note, which is quite different
from that of C. affinis, is a long-drawn clear whistle, but is not very loud, and is
uttered when flying from the top of one tree to another.— FR. B. W. |

428 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

Family CYPSELID&.
CYPSELUS MAXIMUS Grant.

Cypselus maximus Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xix. p. 56 (1907).

a. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 12,000 ft., 30th Jan. [No. 1200. D. C.]
ee oan iy x 10,000 ft., 14th Feb. [No. 154. R. #. D.]

(Types of the species.)

This species, the largest known Swift, is most nearly allied to C. africanus Temm.,
but is much larger and darker. The top of the head and upperpart of the body are
dark sooty-brown, with a slight oily gloss; the cheeks, ear-coverts, pectoral band,
and upper and under tail-coverts, as well as the outer web of the quills and the
tail-feathers, are even darker, and inclining to sooty-black. ‘The bill and tarsus
are also proportionately longer than in @. africanus. Iris dark hazel; bill and
feet black.

¢. Total length ca. 8-5 inches; culmen from the base of the forehead 0°78, exposed
portion 0°52; wing 9:0; tail 3°35; tarsus 0°8.

?. Total length ca. 88 inches; culmen from the base of the forehead 0-78,
exposed portion 0°5; wing 9:2; tail 3°45; tarsus 0°81.

In @. africanus the wing-measurement is as follows:—9 3g, 7:9-8-4 inches ;
29, 7:9-8'3.

[These Swifts were numerous about the higher altitudes of Ruwenzori, and great
numbers were breeding in the high cliffs at 13,000-14,000 ft. They probably also
breed as low down as 10,000 ft., where there are suitable cliffs. One bird was shot
coming out of a crack in a cliff at 10,000 ft. in the Mubuku Valley. A large white-
bellied Swift, which we believed to be of this species, was often seen on the plains
near Lake Edward.—R. B. W.|

Family CAPRIMULGID 4.

CaPRIMULGUS FossEI Hartl. (Plate XIX. fig. 24, egg.)
Caprimulgus fossei Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 865 (1902).
Caprimulgus fossei clarus Reich. t. ec. p. 367.
a-e. det ¢ @imm. Mokia, 8.BE. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 30th May. [Nos. 512,
313. R. H. D.; 3430, 3431, 5432. R. B. W.]
Iris, bill, and feet dark brown.
The young birds have the general colour of the upperparts distinctly paler and greyer
than in the adult. According to Dr. Reichenow, both the subspecies mentioned
above occur at Bukoba, on the W. of Victoria Nyanza ; but the fact is that the so-called

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 429

C. f. clarus is founded on younger specimens, which are paler and of smaller

dimensions.
The five specimens mentioned above measure as follows :—

Wing. Tail.
in. in
& (8480). 2. . 645 (=164 mm.) 5:25 (=133' mm.)
(3431) eee eer) (— GO mms) Sel (29 moms)
36 (8432) 5) = = 6:0 (=153) mm-) 45 (=114 mm.)
@ mm. (6l3)e- 4 6:0) (=—153mm*) 4:5 (=114 mm.)
2 imm, (82). 5. 61 (=156 mm_) {-1 (=104 mm.)

According to Dr. Reichenow, the two first-mentioned specimens should be referred
to C. fossei and the remaining three to C. f. clarus.

Two eggs of this species were procured at Mokia on the 10th of July by Mr. R. B.
Woosnam. ‘They have the usual Nightjar type of coloration, and measure respectively
1:15 0-8 and 1:0 0°8 in. One example will be found figured on Plate XIX. fig. 24.

[The Mozambique Nightjar was numerous on the plains around the south end ot
Ruwenzori. They were often to be seen in the evenings flying in and out close to
the ground among the acacia-trees. They were fond of settling on the euphorbia-
trees to make their “jarring” cry.—R. B. W.|

CaPRIMULGUS RUWENZORII Grant.
Caprimulgus ruwenzorii Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xxiii. p. 94 (1909).

a. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 9000 ft., 3rd March. [Noi 82. ie ED:
Type of the species. |

This species is most nearly allied to C. frenatus Salvad., but is altogether darker,
especially on the underparts, the belly and under tail-coverts, like the breast, being
entirely barred with black and buff. The white spot on the inner web of the first
primary is small, situated on the margin, and does not extend more than halfway
across the web; the two outer pairs of tail-feathers have the terminal half white
(2-4 inches deep on the outer pair), the brown on the margin of the outer web
extending almost to the tip; a group of buff spots on the middle of the chest. Iris
dark brown ; bill black; feet brown. Total length ca. 9°0 inches; wing 6:2; tail 4°25 ;
tarsus 0°66.

A second male example, which is no doubt of this species, was procured in Likipia by
Mr. L. C. Harwood when collecting for Lord Delamere. ‘The tail of this bird is missing.

C. pectoralis Cuv., from 8, Africa, is another closely allied species, but lacks the
group of buff spots on the chest; it, however, resembles C. rwwenzort in having the
primary-quills from the 5th inwards black barred with chestnut.

[A few of these Nightjars inhabited an open ferny ridge on Ruwenzori at an elevation
of from 8000-9000 ft. ‘This species was not obtained on the plains below.—R. B. W.}

430 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

CAPRIMULGUS NATALENSIS Smith.

Caprimulgus natalensis Reich. Vig. Afr. 11. p. 367 (1902); Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 521 [Toro] ;
Grant, Ibis, 1907, p. 601 [Baro R.].

a. 6. 80 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 2nd Dec. [No. 1029. D. C.]

b. ¢. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 30th April. [No. 1461. D. C.]

c,d. ¢ et 2 imm. Mokia,S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 15th & 16th June. [Nos, 3474,
3486. R. B. W.|

Iris dark brown; bill brown ; feet flesh-colour or light brown.

These specimens agree perfectly with birds from Natal. Mr. Alexander has
recently described two very closely allied species or rather subspecies of this group,
viz. C. chadensis, from Lake Chad, and C. gabonensis, from Gaboon [cf. Bull. B. O. C.
xxi. p. 90 (1908)].

[The Natal Nightjar was seen near Entebbe, and a few were met with on the plains
at the south end of Ruwenzori; but it was not a common bird.—R. B. W.]

CoSMETORNIS VEXILLARIUS (Gould).

Macrodipteryx vewillarius Reich. Vig. Afr. 11. p. 371 (1902).

Cosmetornis vexillarius Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 520 [Toro].
a. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 6th March. [No. 3186. R. B. W.]
bi. 6 Q et ¢ 9imm. Mokia, S.E, Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., Ist-30th May. [Nos. 266,

a. d.
280. &. EB. D.; 1482. D.C.; 3299, 3304, 3305, 3428, 3429. R. B. W.) :
k-y. 6 2. Mokia, S.K. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 13th-29th June. [Nos. 1645, 1659,

d. d. d. d. d. a.

1664, 1671, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1681, 1690, 1695, 1706, 1707. D. C.; 3475, 3476.
ROB}

ze. d Q et dimm. Mokia, S.B. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 4th-Sth July. [Nos. 474.

476, 480. RB. E. D.; 1716, 1717, 1724. D. a]

Tris, bill, and feet dark brown.

The large series of this species collected by the Expedition includes all stages of
plumage of both the male and female.

[The Pennant-winged Nightjar was extraordinarily numerous on the dry plains at
the S.E. end of Ruwenzori between the foot of the mountains and Lake George.
It was no uncommon sight in the evenings to see fifteen or twenty of these curious-
looking birds drifting about around the camp, performing curious antics high in the
air—diving, flopping, and twisting about like Lapwings, and often looking more
like tattered pieces of paper blown by the wind than anything else.

The long pennant-like feathers were just beginning to make their appearance in
the first week in May.

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 451

These Nightjars were also seen at Fort Beni and Irumu, but never in such numbers
as at the south end of Ruwenzori.—R&. B. W.]

Family BucEROTID &.
CERATOGYMNA ATRATA (Temm.). :
Ceratogymna atrata Reich. Vég. Afr. ii. p. 239 (1902).
a. ¢. Irumu, Eturi Forest, 3000 ft., 18th Oct. [No. 071. R. E. D.]

Iris crimson ; bill dark horn-colour ; feet black.
[A few examples of the Black Hornbill were met with in the Eturi Forest.—

R. BW)

BYCANISTES SUBQUADRATUS Cabanis.
Bycanistes subquadratus Grant, Cat. Birds B. M. xvii. p. 419 (1892).
Bycanistes subcylindricus Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 241 (1902) [part.].

a,b. 3. 20 miles W. of Entebbe, 25th Noy. [ENioss,95) 10s ev. Ds)

Iris dark brown; bill brown, white at the base of the casque ; feet black.

Dr. Reichenow considers that the W. African B. subcylindricus Sclater is founded
on immature examples of &. swhqguadratus Cab.; but he overlooks the fact that the
type of B. subcylindricus, a female, is a perfectly adult bird, having lived for eight
years in the Zoological Society’s Gardens, Regent’s Park. As stated in the description
and shown in the figure (P. Z. S. 1870, p. 668, pl. xxxix.), it has the greater wing-
coverts black. 3

In addition to the specimens from Entebbe in the present collection there are two
adult birds (sex not indicated) from the same neighbourhood in the British Museum.
All these four specimens have the greater wing-coverts black widely tipped with
white, and at present I see no reason for supposing that B. subguadratus is synonymous
with B. subcylindricus, unless it can be proved that the latter is the female and the
former the male of the same species. In other species of the group the plumage of
the sexes is the same, and the only external difference is to be found in the shape
of the casque.

[This Hornbill was plentiful throughout the journey from Entebbe to Ruwenzori,
but was never seen on the mountains. It was very numerous in the Mpanga Forest
to the east of Ruwenzori. When flying, its wings make almost as much noise as
those of a Swan, and its vocal powers are tremendous. ‘Three or four would some-
times perch on the top of a tall tree and hold a concert, a most extraordinary din of
raucous cawings.— ft. 5. W.|

432 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

Count Salvadori has recently described a large Hornbill (Bycanistes aloysit) (ef. Boll.
Mus. Tor. xxi. no. 542, p. 1 (1906)] procured in the neighbourhood of Entebbe by the
Duke of the Abruzzi. It is said to differ from B. subquadratus in having the terminal
third of the two middle tail-feathers white. I have no doubt that the middle pair
of tail-feathers are missing in the specimen described, and that the second pair
have been mistaken for them. In that case B. aloysii should be referred to the
synonymy'‘of B. subquadratus.

LopHoceros FasciaTus (Shaw).
Lophoceros fasciatus Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 248 (1902) ; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 313 [Kasongo,
Upper Congo].
a. 2. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 24th July. [No. 3524. Rk. B. W.]

Iris brown; bill red and cream-colour ; feet black.

LOPHOCEROS MELANOLEvcUs Licht.
Lophoceros melanoleucos Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 249 (1902).
Lophoceros suahelicus Neumann; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 516 [Toro].
a,b. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6500 ft., 20th March. [Nos. 218, 219.
ED).
ce. 6. Mokia, KE. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 12th May. [No. 1552. D.C.]
Iris pale yellow or pale cream-colour; bill red, with a margin of yellow at the
base ; feet black.
[A few examples of the White-and-Black Hornbill were seen up to 6500 ft., but
they were only stray visitors from the plains below.—f. b. W. |

Family UruPip 2.
Upopa arricaNa Bechst.
Upupa africana Reich. Vig. Afr. uu. p. 336 (1902).
a. 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 5th May. [No. 2333. G. L.]
Iris dark brown ; bill black ; feet grey.
[No other example of the African Hoopoe was seen.—k. b. W.]

IRRISOR VIRIDIS Licht.

Trrisor viridis Grant, Ibis, 1902, pp. 433, 434.
Irrisor erythrorynchos viridis Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 840 (1902).
a. @. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 2nd May. [No. 267. Rk. E. D.|

Iris dark brown ; bill and feet red.

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 4538

This specimen appears to belong to the smaller shorter-tailed South African form
of I. erythrorhynchus (Lath.), but the white wing-band is somewhat wider, as in
specimens from Swaziland (cf. ‘ Ibis,’ 1902, p. 434). Specimens collected by Doggett
at Mulema, 8. Uganda, are typical long-tailed examples of J. erythrorhynchus
(cf. Grant, ‘ Ibis,’ 1905, p. 209).

[The Lesser Red-billed Wood-Hoopoe was shot among the acacia-trees on the
plains at the south-east end of Ruwenzori.— Rk. B. W.|

Trrisor JACKSONI Sharpe.
Irrisor jacksoni Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 343 (1902) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 517 [Toro].

a. ¢ imm. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 15th Sept. [No. 519. &. £. Da

b. ¢. 30 miles N. of Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3900 ft., 12th Aug. [No. 1776.
DEC.

Iris dark hazel; eyelid red ; bill and feet red.

[Jackson’s Wood-Hoopoe was often seen in the Eturi Forest and in the Mpanga
Forest, east of Ruwenzori. It was generally seen in flocks of a dozen or more
individuals, climbing about high up in the trees— AR. B. W. |

RHINOPOMASTUS SCHALOWI Neumann.
Rhinopomastus cyanomelas schalowi Reich. Vig. Afr. 11. p. 347 (1902).
Rhinopomastus schalowi Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 517 [Toro].
a. 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 26th April. [No. 1438. D. C.]
b-m. ¢ 2 et dimm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 3rd—31st May. [Nos. 275,

a. de
305, 311, 398. R. #. D.; 1599. D. C.; 2328, 2386. G. L.; 3334, 3330, 3090, 3391.

KYB We|

n. 6. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 2nd June. [No. 3440. Kh. Bo VW

Tris dark brown ; bill and feet black.

All the above specimens, with the exception of No. 311, are typical 2. schalowi,
with a broad white subterminal bar on the outer tail-feathers. In No. 311, which is
a female, the white subterminal markings on the two outer pairs of tail-feathers
are much reduced, being merely spots of white. This bird is therefore a typical
example of R. cyanomelas (Vieill.) from 8. Africa, and should perhaps be referred
to that form.

[Schalow’s Wood-Hoopoe was very plentiful in the acacia-forest on the plains
vround the south end of Ruwenzori; but it was never seen on the mountains.—

R. B.W.)

VOL. X1x.—Part ry. No. 57.-_March, 1910. 3M

454 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

Family MeRopip &.

MELITTOPHAGUS OREOBATES Sharpe. ;

Melitiophagus oreobates Sharpe, Ibis, 1892, p. 320 [Mt. Elgon]; Reich. Vég. Afr. ii. p. 303
(1902) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 518 [Ruwenzori].

a. @. Luimi Valley, N.E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 29th Sept. [No. 3619.
eB. WV ||

b. ¢. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 29th Dec. [No. 1070. D. C.]

c,d. 2 et ¢ vixad, Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-7000 ft., 5th & 9th Jan.
[Nos. (95s Bs Dis AOU. DC.) 5

e,f- 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000-7000 ft., 8th & 16th Feb. [Nos. 2149,
2156. G. L.]

Iris crimson or dark red; bill black ; feet brown, olive-brown, or grey.

Two eggs were taken by Mr. Gerald Legge from a nest in a hole in a bank in the
Mubuku Valley on the 16th of February and the female bird (No. 2156) was shot off
the nest. They are of the usual rounded oval type, very glossy, and pure white. They
measure ‘9 X°75, ‘9°76 inch.

[A few Cinnamon-breasted Bee-eaters were seen along the lower slopes of E. Ruwen-
zori and were occasionally met with up to an altitude of 8000 ft. They were not

very plentiful. R. B. W.]

MELITTOPHAGUS MERIDIONALIS Sharpe.

Melittophagus meridionalis Sharpe, Cat. Birds B. M. xvii. p. 45, pl. i. fig. 4 (1892); Reich.

Vog. Afr. ii. p. 807 (1902) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 518 [Toro].
a,b. 3. 80-100 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500-4100 ft., Ist & 4th Dec. [Nos. 1020,
1033. D. C.]

ce. @. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 14th Mar. [No. 2195. G. L.]
daeAd. 2 a ~ 4th April. [No. 228. &. £. D.]
e-l. 3 2 et @ imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 2nd-18th May. [Nos.

2363, 2364, 2366. G. L.; 3306, 3307, 3308, 3360.—R. B. W.]

m-q. 6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 2nd—14th June. [Nos. 414, 418,
430. R. BE. D.; 2399, 2400. G. L.]

Adult. Iris dark red or crimson ; bill black; feet dark grey, brown, or black.

Immature. Iris brown ; bill black ; feet brown or grey.

[This Bee-eater was seen near Entebbe and was plentiful around Ruwenzori, but was
never met with above an altitude of 6000 ft. It was very numerous at the south end
of the range.—f. B. W.]

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 435

MEROPS ALBICOLLIS Vieill.
Aerops albicollis Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 317 (1902) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 518 [Toro].
a,b. 3 2. Entebbe, 3500 ft., 19th Nov. [Nos. 2002, 2003. G. Z.]
c. 6. 80 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 2nd Dec. [No. 1026. D. C.)
Iris scarlet or dark red; bill black ; feet brown or dirty yellow.
It is difficult to understand for what purpose Dr. Reichenow has followed Reichenbach

and separated this species generically from Merops; even the character said to be
found in the slight difference in the shape of the wing is not constant.

Merops apiasTer Linn.

Merops apiaster Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 320 (1902).

a. 6 imm. 90 miles W. of Entebbe, 3800 ft., 3rd Dec. [No. 24. R. E. Dd.)

b. ¢ imm. Luimi Valley, N.E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., lst Oct. [No. 3622. R. B. We

Iris crimson (a), pale chestnut (4); bill black ; feet brownish-black.

Both these immature birds are in somewhat worn plumage. In specimen a many
of the adult chestnut feathers of the mantle are partially grown, but are still mostly
concealed by the green plumage characteristic of immaturity.

[A few examples of the Common Bee-eater were seen near Entebbe, and a small
flock was met with in the Luimi Valley on Ruwenzori at an altitude of 6000 ft.—

R. BW.)

Merops PErsicus Pall.
Merops persicus Reich. Vog. Afr. 11. p. 322 (1902) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 518 [Toro].

a. 9. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 22nd April. [No. 2282. G. Z.]

6b. g imm. 5 n 19th May. [No. 3386. R. B. W.)

Tris dark brown; bill and feet black.

No. 2282 is a fine specimen almost entirely in freshly moulted plumage. No. 5386
is probably the young of this species, but in some respects it nearly approaches
JM. superciliosus, and may be the result of interbreeding.

MEROPS SUPERCILIOSUS Linn,
Merops superciliosus Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 825 (1902).
a-d. 3 2. Mokia, S.BE. Ruwenzori, 3400.ft., 3rd-24th May. [Nos. 1618. D. C.
2320, 2323, 2376. G. L.|
t-q. 3 Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 7th-18th June. [Nos. 437, 471.
Reh Des 239 MGsean|

Iris scarlet or dark crimson ; bill black ; feet grey.

+O

No. 2376, though in most respects a typical example of the present species, has the

3M Z

436 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

white superciliary stripe tinged with greenish-blue and the crown mixed with feathers
of a similar colour; possibly this colour is due to wear alone, as the greenish
feathers are all in a worn condition, while the new and partially grown feathers are
olive-brown. It would be interesting to know to what extent, if at all, this species
interbreeds with the closely allied MW. persicus.

Family Coraciip&.
EvRYSTOMUS AFER (Lath.).
Eurystomus afer Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 228 (1902).
a,b. 6 2. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 24th July. [Nos. 497. R. E. D.;
1752. D. C.]
Iris dark brown ; bill yellow ; feet grey or dark olive-green.
Wing: ¢ 169 mm., 2? 172 mm.

EURYSTOMUS RUFOBUCCALIS Reichenow.
Eurystomus rufobuccalis Reich. Vég. Afr. ii. p. 231 (1902).

a; 6. ~S 2) 60 "miles Wi of Entebbe; 3700s, 29th Nov. “Nos 10 nie.
2012. G. L.]

ec. 6. 80 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 3rd Dec. [No. 2016. G. L,.|

This form is easily distinguished from #. afer by having the rump and median upper
tail-coverts chestnut-brown like the back, instead of blue; while the underparts lack
the dark shafts to the feathers which form rather a conspicuous character in E. afer.

The wing measures :— ¢ 181-182 mm.; 2 178 mm.

Family ALCEDINID&.

HALCYON CHELICUTENSIS (Stanley).
Halcyon chelicuti Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 271 (1902).
Halcyon chelicutensis Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 516 [Toro]; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 315 [N.W. of
Lake Tanganyika ].
a. 3. Mokia, $.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., Ist May. [No. 2310. G. L.]
ONG i Gt Onna a ¥ Ist & 22nd June. [Nos. 1666. D. C.;
3438. Rh. B. W.)
Iris dark brown ; upper mandible dark red in the male, black in the female, lower
mandible red ; feet red.
[The Striped Kingfisher was plentiful on the plains round the south end of
Ruwenzori. It seems to prefer the dry acacia-country to the streams or lakes.—

R. BW.)

Oo
“~j

a W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 4

HALCYON SEMICERULEUS (Forsk.).
Halcyon seniceruleus Reich. Vog. Afr. ii, p. 276 (1902).
Halcyon semiceruleus centralis Neumann, J. f. O. 1905, p. 190.
Haicyon centralis Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 516 [Toro].
a. 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 28th April. [No. 2298. G. L.]
é,¢. ¢ et ¢ imm. Mokia, 8.E. Ruwenzori, 5400 ft., 22nd & 23rd May. [Nos. 361.
R: E. D.; 1478. D.C)
d. 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 16th June. [No. 460. &. E. D.]

Aduit. Iris dark brown ; bill and feet red.

Immature. Iris dark brown ; bill brown ; feet chocolate.

{The African White-headed Kingfisher was plentiful on the plains at the south end
of Ruwenzori, and was always seen among the dry acacia-country.— 2. B. W.]

HALCYON PALLIDIVENTRIS Cab.
Halcyon pallidiventris Sharpe, Cat. Birds B. M. xvii. p. 235 (1892).
Halcyon swainsoni Reich. (nec Smith) Vog. Afr. i. p. 278 (1902).
H. s. swainsont Neumann, J. f. O. 1905, p. 190.
Halcyon semiceruleus hyacinthinus Reich. ; Neumann, J. £. O. 1905, p. 190.

a. 3. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 10th May. [No. 2358. G. Z.]

58
6. 3. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 24th July. [No. 1754. D. C.]

Iris dark brown; bill and feet red.

It must be evident to anyone who has read Smith’s original description of Haleyou
swainsoni (cf. S. Afr. Quart. J. 1854, p. 143) that Dr. Reichenow is wrong in uniting
that bird with H. pallidiventris Cab. Smith writes that the ‘“ back, middle of the
wing, and tail are blue with a green gloss”
form they are deep hyacinth-blue or purplish-blue. H. swainsond is said to have been

in H. swainsoni, whereas in the present

procured in the interior of South Africa, a somewhat vague locality.

HALCYON SENEGALENSIS (Linn. ).
Halcyon senegalensis Sharpe, Cat. Birds B. M. xvii. p. 242 (1902); Reich. Vg. Afr. ii. p. 282
(1902).
a-g. ¢ 2 et ¢ 2 imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 4th-23rd May. [Nos.
309, 359, 360. R. #. D.; 1494, 1502, 1518, 1570. D. C.]
h. 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 7thyJune. [No. 438. &. & D.)
t. 2. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 2ist July. [No. 486. Rh. £. D.]
Iris dark brown ; upper mandible red, lower black ; feet black.
|The Senegal Kingfisher was plentiful in the acacia-forest on the plains around the
south end of Ruwenzori and was seen at Fort Beni on the edge of the Eturi Forest.
It was never found near water, but seemed to frequent only the rather dry country
covered with acacia-trees. It has a curious loud trilling note, difficult to describe.—

R. BW

438 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

HaLcyon cyaNnoLEvcvs (Vieill.).
Halcyon cyanoleucus Sharpe, Cat. Birds B. M. xvii. p. 245 (1892) ; Reich. Vég. Afr. il. p. 284

(1902).
a. ¢ imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 25th April. [No.1430. D. C.]
6b. ¢ imm, $3 i * 20th May: [No.35%7he 2. D.]

Iris hazel or dark brown ; upper mandible red, lower black (red at the base in the
younger bird) ; feet black.

‘This species closely resembles H. senegalensis, and occurs side by side with it
over the greater part of its range. It has been distinguished by its bluish head and
larger size, but, curivusly enough, the character by which it is most easily distinguished,
viz. the black band behind the eye, has of recent years been lost sight of, though
mentioned and figured by Dr. Sharpe [Mon. Alced. p. 189, pl. 69 (1869)]. It is a very
constant character and found in the young as well as in the adult birds.

T1aLcyon Bapius Verr.
Halcyon badius Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 285 (1902).
a. ¢ imm. 20 miles N. of Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 5000 ft., 11th Aug. [No.
774. D. C.]

Iris dark hazel; bill red ; feet dark reddish-brown.

Ispipina Picta (Bodd.).
Ispidina picta Reich. Vog. Afr. ii. p. 286 (1902) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 516 [Toro].

a. & imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft, 20th April. [No. 2304. G1]

bf. ¢ Gets 2 imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., Ist-24th May. [Nos. 1475,
1606. D. C.: 2315, 2389. G. L.; 3406. &. B. W.]

Adult. Ivis dark hazel ; bill and feet red.

Immature. Iris dark brown; bill black ; feet salmon-pink.

[The little Rose-cheeked Kingfisher was not uncommon along the edge of Lake
Edward and was also often to be seen in the dry acacia-country.—#. Bb. W.]

Myrocreyx ruriceps (Hartl.).
Myioceyex ruficeps Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 289 (1902) ; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 315 | Ponthierville,
Upper Congo].
a. ¢. Avakubi, E. Congo Forest, 2500 ft., Ist Nov. [No. 3654. R. B. ies
Iris dark brown; bill and feet scarlet.
[The small Chestnut-headed Kingfisher was met with in the forest, but not in the
vicinity of water.—&. B. W.]

hs
wo
aS)

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT— AVES.

CoryrTuornis cyaNnostiema (Riipp.).
Corythornis cyanostigma Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 289 (1902).
d.
a-e. 3. Mokia, 8.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 25th-28th June. [Nos. 1682, 1683, 1702,

d.
1703, 1704. D. C.]
{The Malachite-crested Kingfisher was plentiful along the edge of Lake Edward.
It was also often seen in the dry acacia-country.— 2. B. W.]

CERYLE RUDIS (Linn.).
Ceryle rudis Reich. Vég. Afr. 1. p. 295 (1902).
d.
a,b. ¢. Mokia, 8.K. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 29th April. [Nos. 3291, 3292. Rk. B.W.|
Iris dark brown ; bill and feet black.
| The Pied Kingfisher was very numerous on Lake Edward and on the Semliki River.

—R. BW)

Family PSITTACID&.

AGAPORNIS PULLARIUS (Linn.).
Agapornis pullarius Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 21 (1902); Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 514 [Toro | ;
Sharpe, Ibis, 1907, p. 428 [Cameroon ].
a. ¢. 380 miles W. of Entebbe, 3800 ft., 26th Nov. [No. 1011. D.C]
b-e. 6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 18th-29th May. [Nos. 350, 387.

R. E. D.; 2365. G. L.; 3427. B. B. W1]
Iris dark brown or black ; bill pink, red, or scarlet ; feet grey or pale greenish-grey.
[We did not see this Love-Bird on Ruwenzori, though it was plentiful at Entebbe
and a few were seen at the foot of the mountains at the south-east. It was generally
met with in small parties of from six to a dozen individuals.—2. b. W.|

PaocEPHALUS AUBRYANUS (Souanceé).
Poicephalus gulielmi aubryanus Reich. Vog. Afr. 11. p. 10 (1902).
a. 6. Mawambi, E. Congo Forest, 3000 ft., 28th Oct. [No. 474. R. ELD.)
Iris orange ; bare skin on the face yellow ; bill and feet black.
[One example of the Congo Parrot was obtained in the forest to the west of
Mawambi. Very few examples of this species were seen, but the common Grey Parrot
(Psittacus erithacus) swarmed throughout the forest.—2&. B. W. |

PaocePHALUS REICHENOW! Neumann.
Poicephalus meyeri reichenowi Reich. Vig. Afr. ii. p. 14 (1902).
Peocephalus saturatus Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. xi. p. 67 (1901) [N. Ankoli].

440 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

a,b. 6%. 70 miles W. of Entebbe, 3600 ft., 30th Nov. & Ist Dee. [Nos. 2013.
Gla 0202 he Bye

o-f. et ¢ 9 imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 4th-22nd May. [Nos. 285,
301. BR. #. D.; 1497, 1498. D.C] : x

g-i. Q et ¢ imm. Mokia, 8.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 19th June. [Nos. 1647, 1648,
1649. D. C.)

Iris orange or red; bill and feet black or grey.

P. reichenowi is at best a poor subspecies of P. meyeri (Cretzsch.), the upper-
parts being, as a rule, somewhat darker brown than in Abyssinian specimens.

Dr. Reichenow admits no less than five subspecies of P. meyert; but of these, two
at least, P. m. virescens Reichenow and P. m. matschiet Neumann, are, in my opinion,
indistinguishable from typical examples of P. meyeri from Sennar. I think that
in P. transvaalensis and P. damarensis the lower back and rump are always bluer
than in P. meyeri, irrespective of season (¢f. remarks by Mr. Boyd Alexander, ‘ Ibis,’
1900, p. 429).

In two quite freshly moulted males of P. reichenowt (Nos. 283 and 357), killed
in May, the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts are bright grass-green like the
breast and belly. As the plumage becomes worn these parts become bluer, as is clearly
shown by the series before me, which includes specimens procured in June, August,
November, and December.

| Reichenow’s Parrot was seen throughout the journey from Entebbe to Ruwenzori ;
it was not seen on the mountains, but was plentiful in the acacia-country at the south
end of the range and in the Semliki Valley. ‘

This Parrot was never very easy to approach, as it was always careful to fly out on
the opposite side of the tree, usually defeating its pursuers. Its flight is straight and
extremely swift.—. B. W.]

Family BUBONID &.
SYRNIUM SUAHELICUM Reich.
Syrnium woodfordi var. suahelicum Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 669 (1901).
a. 2. Mubuku Valley, KE. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 5th Jan. [No. 3073. Rk. B. W.]
Iris dark hazel; bill and feet yellow.
[One example of this eastern form of Woodford’s Owl was procured on Ruwenzori

at an altitude of about 7000 ft., where the bamboo and forest intermingle ; but it must
be a rare bird cn the mountains.—&. B. W.]

GLAUCIDIUM PERLATUM (Vieill.).

Glaucidium perlatum Reich. Vig. Afr. i. p. 674 (1901) ; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 315 [N.W. of
Lake Tanganyika].

SSS

— EE —————

. W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT— AVES. 44]

a. 3. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 12th June. [No. 2395. G. L.]

Tris light yellow ; bill yellowish-green ; feet yellow.

[A few examples of this Pigmy Owl inhabited the acacia-country around the south
end of the range, but they were by no means common. I only once heard their
curious note, which is a succession of whistles forming an ascending scale with equal

intervals.— hk. B. W.]

Buso Lactevs (Temm.).
Bubo lacteus Reich. Vig. Afr. i. p. 650 (1901).
a. 6. Mokia, $.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 6th May. [No. 1511. D. C.]
Iris black ; bill pale horn-colour; feet grey.
[A few examples of Verreaux’s Hagle-Owl were seen in the acacia-forests on the
plains to the south-east and south-west of Ruwenzori—R. B. W.]

Family FALCONID &.
ELANUS CHRULEUS (Desf.).
Elanus ceruleus Reich. Vég. Afr. i. p. 615 (1901).
a. 2. Mokia, 8.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 26th June. [No. 1694. D. C.|
The Black-shouldered Kite has the iris orange-red, the bill black, and the cere and

feet yellow.

MiLyus 2e@yprius (Gmel.).

Milvus egyptius Reich. Vég. Afr. i. p. 609 (1901).

a. ¢ imm. Mubuku Valley, KE. Ruwenzori, 22nd Jan. [No. 124. RB. E. D.]

OS Ss a es A 8th Feb. [No. 150. RB. E. D.]

Adult. Iris dark brown ; bill and feet yellow.

Immature. Iris dark brown ; base of the upper mandible and the lower mandible
yellow, rest of the upper mandible dark brown; feet yellow.

[The Egyptian Kite was numerous on the plains around the mountains, but more so
on the east side than on the west. It was met with up to an altitude of 7000 ft., but
was not observed above that elevation. On the 7th of March, on the east side of the
mountains, a great company of Kites, not less than 300, was seen in the evening.
They were circling round and round, high in the”air, like Rooks, and travelling towards
the north. On the 10th of August, on the west side of the range, a similar sight was
witnessed, and the birds were again travelling in a northerly direction —2. B. W.]

HEvorarsts Ecaupatus (Daud.).
Helotarsus ecaudatus Reich. Vog. Afr. 1. p. 598 (1901).
a. 6. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 9th June. [No. 441. R. £. D.]
VOL. XIX.—ParT Iv. No. 58.—March, 1910. 3 N

442 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

Iris chestnut ; cere orange ; bill orange-yellow, tip dark horn-colour ; feet orange.

[The Bateleur Eagle was occasionally seen on the lower slopes and on the plains
below the mountains. ‘The one obtained was shot by Mr. Dent with a small-bore
rifle while it was soaring at an altitude of some 400 ft. in the air.—R, B. W.|

LOPHOAETUS OCCIPITALIS (Daud. ).
Lophoaétus occipitalis Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 582 (1901).
a. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 20th March. [No. 1392. D. C.]
Iris dark yellow; cere yellow; bill horn-blue, blackish at the tip ; feet yellow, claws
black.

[The Black-crested Eagle was occasionally seen on Ruwenzori up to an altitude of

10,000 ft.—R. B. WJ

Burro aveur (Riipp.).
Buteo augur Reich. Vig. Afr. i. p. 592 (1901) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 511 (Entebbe; Toro] ;
Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 315 [Mufumbiro Volcanoes].
a. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 9th March. [No. 3191. &. B. W.|
Iris brown ; bill dark grey; cere yellow; feet yellow.
[The Augur Buzzard was not met with above an altitude of 7000 ft—R. Bb. W.]

BUTEO AUGURALIS Salvad.
Buteo auguralis Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 593 (1901).

a. ¢ imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6090 ft., 4th Jan. [No. 1092. D. C.]

b,c. 2 imm. i oe = 6000-7000 ft., 11th Feb. [Nos. 2153.
Gia Gast, WV.)

Iris hazel (male) or whitish (female) ; bill black, horn-blue at the base ; feet yellow.

[The Lesser Augur Buzzard was not uncommon on Ruwenzori up to an altitude of
8000 ft., and was occasionally seen up to an elevation of 12,500 ft—R. B. W.]

BUTEO DESERTORUM (Daud.). -
Buteo desertorum Reich. Vig. Afr. i. p. 594 (1901) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 512 [Ruwenzoni ;
Toro].

a. @vixad. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 24th March. [No. 1417. D. C.]

Iris dark yellow ; bill black; cere yellow; feet yellow.

In this example of the African Buzzard the wing measures 13°4 inches (=340 mm.).
The tail is greyish-brown tinged with rufous and has nine dark cross-bars; in the
fully mature bird the tail-feathers are chestnut with indistinct bars.

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 443

MELIERAX GABAR (Daud.).
Micronisus gabar Reich. Vég. Afr. i. p. 565 (1901).
a. é imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 18th May. [No. 342. Rk. E. D.]

The Red-faced Goshawk has the iris yellow, the bill black, the cere yellow, and the
feet red.

Circus MAcRURUS (Gmel.).
Circus macrourus Reich. Vig. Afr. i. p. 535 (1901).
a. d imm. 120 miles W. of Entebbe, 4000 ft., 9th Dec. [No. 2026. G. Z.]
Iris light yellow ; bill black ; feet yellow.
An immature example of the Long-tailed Harrier with the entire underparts pale
fawn-colour.

ACCIPITER MELANOLEUCUS Smith.
Astur melanoleucus Reich. Vig. Afr. i. p. 551 (1901).
a. 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 24th Feb. [No. 1263. D. C.]

Iris light brown; cere yellow; bill black, light blue-grey at the base ; feet yellow.

A fine adult example of this giant Sparrow-Hawk, which is an extremely rare bird
in the mature plumage.

[The Great Black-and-White Sparrow-Hawk is a rare bird on Ruwenzori. A pair
was often seen in the Mubuku Valley, flying about over the forest, or just below it —

R. B. WI

Family ANATID &.
ANAS SPARSA Eyton.
Anas sparsa Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 115 (1900).
a. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 10,000 ft., Ist Feb. [No. 3144. R. B. W.)
Iris dark brown; bill pinkish-white, mottled with black ; feet orange.
[The Black Duck was occasionally seen on the larger rivers on Ruwenzori up to

an elevation of 12,000 ft. In January one or two pairs were breeding in a broad
swampy part of the Mubuku Valley at about 10,000 ft—R. B. W.]

QUERQUEDULA crrciA (Linn.).
Anas querquedula Linn.; Reich. Vég. Afr. 1. p. 121 (1900).
Querquedula circia Salvad. Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxvii. p. 293 (1895).
a. 6. Fort Portal, Uganda, 5000 ft., 5th March. [No. 2176. Ga
Iris hazei; bill black; feet slate-grey.
[The Garganey was met with only on a small crater-lake near Fort Portal, where
it was not very common.—R. B. W.|

» 7)

ON 2Z

444 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

SARCIDIORNIS MELANONOTA (Pennant).
Sarkidiornis melanotus Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 129 (1900).
a. 2. Fort Portal, Uganda, 5000 ft., Ist July. [No. 3497. R. ue W.)
Iris dark brown ; bill black ; feet grey.
[A flock of about twenty examples of this Comb-Duck was seen on a small crater-
lake near Fort Portal. This was the only occasion upon which they were met with.—
u,b. W..|

Family OTIDID&.

LIssOTIS MELANOGASTER (Riipp.).
Otis melanogaster Reich. Vig. Afr. i. p. 256 (1900) [part.].
Lissotis melanogastra Oberholser, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxviii. p. 836 (1905).
Lissotis lovati Grant, Ibis, 1902, p. 453, pl. xi. & text-fig. 10.
a,b. ¢ 2. 12 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 24th Nov. [Nos. 1009. D. C.;
S00BnnBs Wel
When separating the southern black-winged form of Lissotis from the Abyssinian
species, 1. melanogaster (Riipp.), by an unfortunate oversight I renamed the Abyssinian
bird Z. lovati. This mistake was pointed out by Mr. Oberholser, who has now named
the southern black-winged form L. notophila.
[A few examples of the White-winged Bustard were met with on the plains around
the south end of Ruwenzori, but they were rather uncommon. A pair was also seen
near Entebbe.—R. B. W.|

Family GEDICNEMID &.

CEDICNEMUS VERMICULATUS Cabanis. (Plate XIX. fig. 17, egg.)

C:dicnemus vermiculatus Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 200 (1900).

a,b. ¢ 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 26th May. [Nos. 3418, 3419.
ROBO Wa

Iris pale yellow, speckled with brown; bill black, yellow at the base; feet pale
dirty yellow. ;

An egg of this species procured by Mr. Woosnam is much like that of @. edicnemus
(L.). It is of a slightly pointed oval shape and almost devoid of gloss. The ground-
colour is pale buff, heavily blotched and spotted with dark brown markings, which form
a partial ring round the larger end, and there are underlying small spots of lilac-grey.
It measures 1:8 x 1°32 inch.

[A few examples of the Vermiculated Thick-knee were met with on the plains
around the south end of Ruwenzori, and a nest containing a single egg was found
among the gravel on the shores of a small salt-lake at Kikerongo, 8.E. Ruwenzori.—
fin BW.

° W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 445

Family PARRID&.
PHYLLOPEZUS AFRICANUS (Gmel.).
Actophilus africanus Reich. Vig. Afr. i. p. 267 (1900).
a. 3. Entebbe, 3000 ft., 15th Nov. [No. 2001. G. L.]

Iris dark hazel ; upper mandible slate-blue, lower mandible darker ; feet slate-blue.
[The African Jacana was seen on Victoria Nyanza and on a small crater-lake near

Fort Portal—R. B. W.]

Family GLAREOLID.
GLAREOLA PRATINCOLA (Linn.).
Glareola fusca (Linn.); Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 144 (1900). 3

a-d. 3 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 15th June. [Nos. 3481, 3482, 3483, 3484.
HB. W.|

Iris dark brown; bill black, red at the gape; feet dark brown.

[Great numbers of Pratincoles frequented the open shores of a small salt-lake
at the south-east end of Ruwenzori in June and the early part of July.—F#. B. W.|

GALACTOCHRYSA EMINI (Shelley).
Glareola emini Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 147 (1900).
a. 6. Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 19th July. [No. 481. &. £. D.]
Iris dark brown; bill black, red at the base; feet red.
[Numbers of Emin’s Pratincole were seen flying up and down over the rapids on the
Semliki River. ‘The species was met with again on the Aruwimi River, near its junction

with the Congo.—R. B. W.]

Family CHARADRIID 4.
LOBIVANELLUS LATERALIS (Smith).
Lobivanellus lateralis Reich. Vig. Afr. i. p. 194 (1900).

a. 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 12th June. [No. 450. &. £. D.]

Iris stone-colour ; eyelids yellow; wattles yellow, red at the tip; bill yeliow, tip
black ; feet yellow. ,

[A few examples of this Wattled Lapwing were seen around the shores of Lake
George and among the native cultivations—F. B. W.]

STEPHANIBYX INORNATUS Swainson.
Stephanibyx inornatus Reich. Vég. Afr. 1. p. 179 (1900); Grant, Ibis, 1905, pp. 203, 212
[Mulema, 8. Uganda]; Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 509 [ Toro ].

446 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

a,b. 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 2nd—5th May. [Nos. 1480, 1505. D. C.]
Tris pale yellow ; bill and feet black.
[This Plover was occasionally seen on the plains near Lake Edward.—R. B. W.]

ToTraANUS OCHROPUS (Linn.).

Totanus ochropus Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 222 (1900).
a. @. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 2nd Feb. [No. 141. &. £. D.]
Iris dark brown; bill olive-brown; feet olive.

(A few Green Sandpipers were seen on the rivers on Ruwenzori up to an altitude of
10,000 ft—R. B. W.]

GALLINAGO NIGRIPENNIS Bonap. "
Gallinago nigripennis Reich. Vig. Afr. i. p. 236 (1900).

a. 3. 80 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 2nd Dec. [No. 1028. D. C.]

b. 3. Basoko, Upper Congo River, 1500 ft., 16th Nov. [No. 600. &. E. D.]

Iris dark hazel; bill brown or dark brown; feet greyish-green or pale yellow.

[A few examples of this Snipe were seen near Entebbe and also on the Congo near
Basoko, where one was obtained.—R. B. W.)

Family RaLLIp«#.
CREX CREX (Linn.).

Crex crew Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 277 (1900).
a. 2. 12 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 24th Nov. [No. 2005. G. Z.]

[This was the only example of the Corn-Crake met with during the Expedition —
i. 7B. W.

CREX EGREGIA (Peters).

Orex egregia Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 278 (1900).
a. 2 imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 10th June. [No. 442. R. E. D.]
Iris hazel; eyelids yellowish-brown; bill and feet greyish-brown.

[Two examples of this Crake were scen on the plains to the S.E. of Ruwenzori —

R. B.W

. W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 447

Family CoLUMBID &.

VinaGo cava (Temm.).
Vinago calva Reich. Vog. Afr. 1. p. 394 (1901) ; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 316.

a. S. 40 miles W. of Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft., 13th Aug. [No. 3548.
HEB WV)

Iris light blue; cere and basal part of the bill pink, tip white; feet yellow.

[This Green Fruit-Pigeon was very plentiful in the Congo Forest. It was to be
seen flying about in small flocks of from 10 to 15 individuals, which usually kept to
the tree-tops.— R. B. W.]

HAPLOPELIA JACKSONI Sharpe.

Haplopelia jacksoni Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. xiv. p. 93 (1904) [ Ruwenzori }.

a,b. 2 et 2juv. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 8000 ft., 20th & 21st Jan.
[Nest EI02:0:(C2s sitomh. B. W.|

¢. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6500 ft., 9th Feb. [No. 2150. G. L.|

d,e. ¢ et ¢imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 8000-9000 ft., 13th-30th March.
[Nos. 1335. D. C; 2262. G. L.]

Iris dark reddish-brown, purple, or mauve ; bill black; feet dark pink or dull red.

The type of this species is a quite immature bird, as is evidenced by the shape of
the bill, which is long and thin, and by the rufous edges of the secondary-quills and
of some of the wing-coverts.

The present collection contains two fully adult male examples: these differ from
the type in their larger size and greyer underparts, shading into whitish on the belly,
while the grey tips of the tail-feathers are much wider (1:3 inch) and much more
sharply defined.

The adult female differs from the male. ‘The upperparts are earth-brown, shading
into bronzy-rufous on the upper mantle, nape, and occiput, and there is no trace of
the grey, violet- or green-glossed, mantle which characterises the male; the entire
underparts below the neck as well as the under tail-coverts are rich vinous.

Another specimen (No. 2262), which has been marked ‘‘ 3” by Mr. Legge, has the
upperparts like those of the two adult males mentioned above, but the underparts
are rich vinous like those of the female. It is difficult to account for this inter-
mediate plumage, for the immature male type, though obviously a quite young bird,
does not differ much from the adult male in the colour of the underparts, which are
mostly grey suffused with vinous on the breast.

A quite young female example has the upperparts earth-brown, as in the adult
female, but the quills and wing-coverts are margined with rufous and the feathers of

448 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

the forehead are whitish, tipped with brown; the chin and throat are white; the
breast narrowly barred with dark brown and rufous; and the belly and under tail-
coverts rufous, shading into lighter brown on the sides and flanks.

3 ‘
Wing.
Guadaltn(No-2/50)) 5. eee 6°3 inches.
os) \GNO:91335)) 9 2) eee 61y as
G f immature (No .2262) = een Gus;
gh mena (Inq) 6 Bo 5 6 o 5 Diva mes
OQ ihe Goals 6 5 «6 a a 5 62 ,,
OQ ripavmehins. (NO IYO) 6 « 6 o 3 5: Olas

I may here remark that H. seimundi Sharpe, from Fernando Po, and H. plumbescens
Sharpe, from Efulen, $8. Cameroon, are the adult and young of one and the same
species, the latter name having priority. An adult male example recently sent home
by Mr. Bates from the River Ja, S. Cameroon, agrees perfectly with the type of
HH. seimundt.

[Jackson’s Dove was found only on Ruwenzori; it frequented the forest and lower
half of the bamboo-zone and, though not uncommon, was a difficult bird to procure.
We often saw a Dove in the same region which appeared to be smaller and almost
black in colour, but it was always met with among the thickest and darkest parts
of the forest and for some months we failed to obtain a specimen. We nicknamed
this bird the “ Black Dove.” Eventually Mr. Carruthers shot what we believed to be
a “Black Dove,” and it proved to be a young example of H. jacksoni. Whether this
was really the bird we named the “ Black Dove” or not is uncertain, for it was always
very shy and remarkably strong on the wing, and never conveyed the impression of
being an immature bird.—R. B. W.]

CoLUMBA ARQUATRIX Temm.
Columba arquatriz Reich. Vig. Afr. i. p. 463 (1901).
a-f. 6 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 9000 ft., 16th-18th Feb. [Nos. 1234,

d. d

E d,
1236, 1240, 1241. D. C.; 2157. G. L.]
@. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 9000 ft., Ist March. [No. 1278. D. C€.]
Iris dark grey, eyelids yellow; bill and feet bright yellow.
Dr. Reichenow has described as C. sjéstedéi an allied species from Cameroon with

1255,
q.

the head entirely grey.

[The Spotted Wood-Pigeon was found on Ruwenzori up to 10,000 ft. In December
vast flocks frequented the lower slopes of the mountains, but early in March not one
was to be seen in the same locality, though higher up the mountains, at 8000-9000 ft.,
they were numerous from the middle of February till the middle of March. They

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES. 449

were feeding upon the berries of the Podocarpus trees, and were then quite unfit
for human food; indeed, they are probably poisonous if eaten constantly, as we found

to our cost.—R. B. W.]

CoLUMBA UNICINCTA Cassin.
Columba unicincta Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 401 (1901).

a,b. 3 2. Mpanga Forest, Fort Portal, 5000 ft., 13th & 19th Sept. [Nos. 511.
HSE: D. > 3585. h. By W.

‘This species is new to the British Museum. ‘There are examples in the Jackson
Collection.

[This fine Wood-Pigeon was plentiful both in the Congo and in the Mpanga Forests,
but was an extremely difficult bird to obtain, as it frequented the tops of the tall trees.
Although its deep mournful cooing was constantly to be heard, it was seldom seen
within shot. It was not met with in the forest-zone on Ruwenzori, although at
certain times C. arquatriz was numerous there.——R. B. W.|

'TURTUR SENEGALENSIS Linn.
Turtur senegalensis Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 406 (1901) ; Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 316 [N.W. of
Lake Tanganyika].
Stigmatopelia senegalensis Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 509 [Toro].
a. 2. 100 miles W. of Entebbe, 4100 ft., 6th Dec. [No. 1041. D. C.]
b-g. 3 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., Ist-19th May. [Nos. 1468, 1469,
1540, 1579, 1587, 1588. D. ©]
Tris dark hazel; bill black; feet dull red.
[The Senegal Turtle-Dove was very plentiful on the plains in the dry acacia-country

around the south end of Ruwenzori, but was not seen on the mountains. It was met
with near Entebbe and Fort Portal—R. B. W.]

‘TURTUR DAMARENSIS F'insch & Hart].
Turtur capicola damarensis Reich. Vég. Afr. i. p. 414 (1901); Grant, Ibis, 1905, p. 205
| Mulema ].

a. @ vix ad. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 19th May. [No. 1594. D. C.|

Iris dark hazel; bill black; feet dull red.

(‘The Damaraland Turtle-Dove was plentiful at the foot of the mountains around
the south end of Ruwenzori, but did not appear to occur above 5000 ft. It was
always a remarkably shy bird.—R#. B. W.|

VOL. XIX.—PaART Iv. No. 59.—March, 1910. 30

450 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPBEDITION.

‘TURTUR SEMITORQUATUS (Riipp.).
Turtur semitorquatus Reich. Vég. Afr. i. p. 409 (1901); Grant, Ibis, 1905, pp. 203, 204
| Mulema and 8.W. Ankoli].
Streptopelia semitorquata Jackson, Ibis, 1906, p. 508 [Entebbe ; Ruwengori].
a. S. 12 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 24th Nov. [No. 1008. D. C.]
6. Ad. 80 miles W. of Entebbe, 3800 ft., 3rd Dec. [No. 3025. R. B. We
c-g. 3 2. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 1st-20th January. [Nos. 72.

R. E. D.; 1085, 1088, 1109. D. C.; 3124. RB. Wi)

Iris dark hazel, with a ring of red or orange; eyelids red ; biil black; feet red, dull
red, or pink.

|The Half-collared Turtle-Dove was plentiful all round the range and ascended to
the lower margin of the forest-zone, but was never seen above 7000 ft.—R. B. W.]

‘TYMPANISTRIA TYMPANISTRIA (‘Temm._).
Tympanistria tympanistria Reich. Vég. Afr. i. p. 424 (1901).
a. 3. 120 miles W. of Entebbe, 4200 ft., 8th Dec. [No. 1048. D. C.] i
b,c. 3. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6000 ft., 18th & 20th Jan. [Nos. 1166,
aT. G4]
d. 3 imm. - 4 a 5000 ft., 14th March. [No. 2198. @. L.]
e, f. 8. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 11th & 23rd May. [No. 358. R. #. D.;

d.
1547. D. C.]
Tris dark hazel; bill black, dark reddish-brown, or mauve; feet dull red.

[This beautiful Dove was occasionally seen on Ruwenzori up to 7000 ft. It was
rather uncommon below the mountains, but was met with throughout the journey.—

R.B. Wi

CHALCOPELIA AFRA Linn.
Chalcopelia afra Reich. Vig. Afr. i. p. 426 (1901) [part.]; Erlanger, J. £. O. 1905, p. 132,
pl. vii. fig. 1; Oberholser, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxviii. p. 844 (1905) ; Jackson, Ibis, 1906,
p- 509 [ Ankoli].
a. d. 12 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 24th Nov. [No. 1007. D. C.]
b, ¢. 2 et ¢ imm. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 5000 ft., 23rd—28th March.
[Nos. 2233, 2255. G. L.]
d-f. 3 2. Mokia,S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 10th-24th May. [Nos. 314. R. E. D.;
3375, 3412. Rh. B. W.]
g-t. 6 2. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 15th-16th June. [Nos. 1631, 1632.
D. C.; 3492. &. B. W.)

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT— AVES. Ao

Iris dark hazel, eyelids red; bill red, pink, or mauve; feet red or pink.

All these specimens appear to be typical examples of C. afra Linn., with the wing-
spot purple in freshly moulted specimens, but this colour becomes green with wear
and exposure.

[The Purple-spotted Dove was met with from Entebbe to Fort Portal and all round
the foot of the mountains, but was never seen above 6000 ft—R. B. W.]

Family TURNICID @.
TuRNIx NANA Sundey.
Turniz nana Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 303 (1900).
a,6. 6. Mokia,S.E. Ruwenzori, 3rd & 8th May. [Nos. 263. R. E. D.; 2319. G. L.|
Gs Gis fe. es 17th June. [No. 1643. D. C.]
Iris grey or hazel; bill brown or horn-colour ; feet brown or flesh-colour.

jae his little Button-Quail was met with only on the dry plains around the south end
of Ruwenzori.—k. B. W.]

Family PHASIANID &.
COTURNIX DELEGORGUE! Deleg.
Coturnia delegorguei Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 507 (1901).
a. 6. Southern Ruwenzori, 3000 ft., 23rd June. [No. 2411. G. L.]
Iris hazel; bill black; feet flesh-colour.
[ Delegorgue’s Quail was a rather uncommon bird and appeared to frequent those
localities where the grass was very short and the soil dry.— hk. b. W.|

[;XCALFACTORIA ADANSONI (Verr.).
Excalfactoria adansoni Reich. Vog. Afr. 1. p. 509 (1901).
a,b. 3. Mokia, $.K. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 4th & 17th May. [Nos. 1572. D. C.;
d.
2326. G. L.|
c-e. So. a 5 a 4th & 17th June. [Nos. 1642. ).C.;
a,
3451, 3402. R. B. W.|
Iris red, dark red, or pink; bill black ; feet yellow.
[A few examples of Adanson’s Painted Quail were seen on the plains round the
south end of Ruwenzori.—R. B. W.]

452 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

FRANCOLINUS SCHUETTI Cabanis.
Francolinus schuetti Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 468 (1901).

a-c. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6500 ft., 22nd & 25th ue: [Nos. 1257,
Wee ais 3173. ch, Be W..\|

d. 6. Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori, 6500 ft., 83rd March. [No. 1282. D. C.]

Iris dark brown; bill and feet bright red.

[Schuett’s Francolin was not uncommon in the Toro district above 4000 ft., and was
occasionally seen on the east side of Ruwenzori up to 6500 ft. It was not found at the
south end of the range, its place being taken by Pternistes cranchi.—R. B. W.|

F'RANCOLINUS ICTERORHYNCHUS Heugl.
Francolinus icterorhynchus Reich, Vig. Afr. i. p. 476 (1901).
a. 6. N. Ruwenzori, 2000 ft., 20th Aug. [No. 3052. R. B. W.]
Iris dark brown ; bill and feet yellow.
[A few examples of this Francolin were seen near the north end of Ruwenzori
between the Semliki River and Irumu. They might sometimes be seen perched on the
lower branch of a tree.—R. B. W.]

FRANCOLINUS MULEM& Grant.
Francolinus muleme Grant, Ibis, 1905, p. 212 [Mulema, 8. Uganda].
a. 2. 20 miles W. of Entebbe, 3500 ft., 24th Nov. [No. 8. &. Z. D.]

Iris dark brown ; bill dark horn-colour ; feet olive-yellow.
This Francolin was first procured by the late Mr. Doggett at Mulema, S. Uganda,
and in $.W. Ankolli.

:
j
‘
'
‘
{
:

PTERNISTES CRANCHI (Leach), (Plate XIX. fig. 8, egg.
Pternistes cranchi Reich. Vig. Afr. i. p. 457 (1901).

a-c. 6. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 29th April. [Nos. 1453, 1494. D. C.;
2300. G. L.]

d,e. ¢ et ¢ imm. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 28th May. [Nos. 1561. D. C.;
3424. R. B. W.]

f-h. 6 et & vix ad. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 13th-19th June. [Nos.
1626, 1634, 1651. D. C]

Iris dark brown; bare skin round the eye and on the throat red; bill and feet red.

Six eggs of this species are of a blunt oval shape and somewhat glossy. ‘They are
uniform pale lilac-buff, rather finely pitted and mottled all over with white. They
measure from 1°52 to 1°55 inch in length and 1°8 in width.

* W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT— AVES. 458

[Cranch’s Bare-throated Francolin was numerous on the plains among the acacia-
country around the south end of Ruwenzori. It was seldom seen during the heat of
the day, but towards sunset its hoarse call resounded on all sides and the old cocks were
often to be seen perched on the top of an ant-heap. P. cranchi was met with in the
Toro district up to 4000 ft., its place being taken above that altitude by Francolinus
schuett?. A nest of this species was found at the edge of a native path; the eggs, six
in number, were placed in a slight hollow lined with a little grass and feathers, under
the shelter of a large tuft of grass.— RF. B. W.]

NuMIDA PTILORHYNCHA Licht.
Numida ptilorhyncha Reich. Vog. Afr. i. p. 445 (1901).
Numida ptilorhyncha toruensis Neumann, J. f. O. 1904, p. 410 | Toro}.
a. 6. 70 miles W. of Entebbe, 3700 ft., 29th Nov. [No. 18. &. E. D.]
b. ¢. Mokia, S.E. Ruwenzori, 3400 ft., 28th May. [No. 3423. #. B. W.]
Cues ee a - 9th June. [No. 386. R. E. D.|
Iris dark brown; bill horn-colour or brown, base of the upper mandible reddish ;
wattles and bare skin blue; feet dark brown or dark grey.
[The Abyssinian Helmeted Guinea-fowl was not found on Ruwenzori, but was
numerous below the mountains in the more open country, especially at the south end
of the range.—Rk. B. W.]

GUTTERA CRISTATA (Pall.).
Guttera cristata Reich. Vég. Afr. i. p. 450 (1901); Grant, Bull. B.O.C. xxiii. pp. 14, 31
(1908).
Guttera cristata granti Reich. t. c. p. 451.
Guttera cristata seth-smithi Neumann, Bull. B.O.C. xxiii. pp. 13, 31 (1908) [Unyoro}.
Guttera cristata suahelica Neumann, |. c. pp. 14, 31 [Lindi, German E. Africa].
a 2. 20 miles N.W. of Fort Beni, Semliki Valley, 3000 ft, 11th Aug.
[No. 2447. G. L.]
Tris dark brown; bill horn-colour; bare skin on the head blue, and on the throat
and fore-neck red; feet black.
[A large flock of these Crested Guinea-fowl was met with in the Kturi Forest near
Fort Beni.—R. B. W.]

454 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

APPENDIX.

On some Points in the Anatomy of Bradypterus cinnamomeus.
By W. P. Pycrart, /.Z.8., M.B.0.U., &e.

I. Inrropucrory.

Tue following short notes on the pterylosis and certain muscles of the wing and leg
in Bradypterus cinnamomeus were made on a single specimen, preserved in spirits,
taken on Western Ruwenzori at an altitude of 7000 feet. This specimen is now in
the British Museum (Natural History) (vide anted, p. 355).

Il. PreryLograpay.

Since the pterylosis of this bird presents no very striking peculiarities, it will not be
necessary to describe each tract minutely ; only those features, in short, which seem to
be peculiar to this genus, and possibly some allied forms, will be described in detail.

Pteryla capitis (text-fig. 14 a, pt.cap.)—This tract is very thickly feathered, the
continuation of the apterion colli lateralis, which in Phylloscopus, for example, extends
forwards to embrace the whole side of the head as far as the eye—save for a circle of
feathers surrounding the aperture of the ear,—is here only traceable with difficulty,
and is interspersed with tiny semiplumes, as also is the apterion colli laterale through-
out its length.

Pt. spinalis (text-fig. 14 a, pt.sp.).—The most striking feature of this tract is the
broad fan-shaped saddle which is formed over the middle of the back, terminating
immediately over the pre-acetabular ilium.

Pt. caudalis (text-fig. 14 a, pt.c.).—There are 10 rectrices, which have rather stiff
shafts and loose, almost discontinuous vanes.

Pt. colli ventralis (text-fig. 14 6, pt.col.v.).—This tract, from the middle of the neck
forwards to its Junction with the pt. capitis at the throat, is reduced to a double row
of small weak feathers. Rather below the middle of the neck it bifurcates, forming
two broad well-defined bands, which, passing backwards, merge with the pt. ventralis.

Pt. ventralis (text-fig. 14 b, pt.vent.).—This tract. is rather broad; at the level of
the knee, however, it suddenly narrows and is continued backwards on either side
of the abdomen, finally converging to meet in front of the cloacal aperture.

Pt. femoralis (text-fig. 14 a, pt,fem.)—Though narrow, this tract is sharply defined
and extends in a transverse direction from the middle of the thigh backwards to the
base of the rectrices.

W. P. PYCRAFT- AVES: APPENDIX. 459

Pt. cruralis (text-fig. 14 6, pt.cr.).—This is not a very sharply defined tract, and the
feathers become semi-plumous towards the knee.

Pt. humeralis (text-fig. 14 a, pt.h.) —Sharply defined and narrow, this tract offers no
peculiarities worthy of special comment.

Pt. alaris:—

Metacarpo-digital remiges or primaries (text-fig. 15, p. 456).—The tenth, counting
from the wrist outwards, relatively long, extending as far as the distal 3 of the 9th
remex ; the covert of this remex is very short. ‘The 5th to 7th remiges subequal, and

Text-fig. 14.

Pterylosis of Bradypterus cinnamomens.
a, dorsal aspect; 6, ventral aspect.

longest in the wing. The extreme shortness of the outer primaries is a noticeable
point. Secondaries 9, but the 9th much reduced.

The coverts offer no points calling for comment.

The Podotheca.—The acropodium is covered by 3 large and 3 small distal scutes ;
the planta by a single plate.

The Claws are moderately large and strong.

456 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

The Rhamphotheca.—Vhere is the faintest perceptible trace of a notch at the tip
of the beak, and the nostrils are somewhat pear-shaped in outline, tapering forwards.
They are protected by a membranous operculum having a thickened free edge, and
the aperture posteriorly exposes a portion of a turbinal scroll. .

Rictal bristles are barely traceable ; the aperture of the ear is large and opens
upwards and forwards.

Pterylosis of Bradypterus compared with allied Forms.

Unfortunately it has been found impossible to institute a series of comparisons
between the pterylosis of Bradypterus and any considerable number of allied forms.
An attempt has been made, however, towards this much desired end by contrasting
bradypterus with one or two genera which are at any rate distantly allied.

Text-fig. 15.

The extended wing of Bradypterus, showing its rounded character.

Bradypterus differs from Sylvia and Phylloscopus in the shape of the dorsal expansion
of the pt. spinalis, which is fan-shaped and of considerable width, and this constitutes
a striking difference, since in the genera just referred to this region of the tract takes
the form of a long oval. Bradypterus differs even more from Acrocephalus, for in the
latter this expansion is of a A-shape, the stem and arms being very broad; they join
two similar but very slender arms, which rapidly converge and form a narrow stem,
continued backwards to the uropygium. Thus a small more or less diamond-shaped
apterium is formed immediately over the pre-acetabular region of the ilium.

Acrocephalus, Sylvia, and Phylloscopus all agree, however, in having rictal bristles,
and these are barely traceable in Bradypterus. Bradypterus, again, is peculiar among
these genera on account of the great length of the 10th primary.

Acrocephalus, on the other hand, is peculiar in the specialized character of its feet,
since the toes and claws are conspicuously long, while the plantar surface of the toes

W. P. PYCRAFT—AVES: APPENDIX. 457

shows a decided adaptation to the bird’s mode of life—clinging to reeds; and this
because the proximal portion of the toes, and especially of the hallux, is markedly
expanded and closely granulated, so as to afford a hold of smooth-stemmed rushes.
There is no approach to this in the foot of Bradypterus.

Ill. Myouoay.

The condition of the deltoideus major and gastrocnemius muscles only need be
described for the purposes of this paper.

Wing-Muscles.

The deltoideus major in Bradypterus is in a condition rather more primitive than
that of the Whitethroat and Chiffchaff, but is slightly more specialized than in
Acrocephalus ; while in all these genera this muscle has preserved more of its primitive
character than is usual among the Passeres.

Text-fig. 16.

AN
in

Wing-muscles of Bradypterus, slightly diagrammatic.

al We Ze Tua Th
A. A

MTT

\ \ an AN
iS AA

The longus division (text-fig. 16, d.m.l.) is divisible into two layers. The outer rises
from the inner aspect of the expanded free end of the furcula; while the inner and
immediately underlying moiety, which is nearly as large as the outer, arises from the
acrocoracoid. ‘These two divisions, obviously derived from a two-headed condition of
a single muscle, fuse midway down the arm to be inserted in the form of a thick
fleshy stump on to the ectepicondylar process of the humerus, but distinct from the
delt. maj. brevis.

VOL. XIxX.—ParT Iv. No. 60.—WMarch, 1910. 3 P

458 ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE RUWENZORI EXPEDITION.

The brevis portion is of large size, extending the whole length of the humeral
shaft. With regard to its origin it may be noticed that, in addition to the usual
attachment to the os humero-scapulare (text-fig. 16, 0.h.s.), it has also a ligamentous
slip from the neck of the scapula.

In Acrocephalus the longus division has similarly two points of origin, and fusion
between the two moieties does not take place till midway down thearm. The muscular
belly thus formed is continued downwards to be inserted in common with the tendon
of the brevis division. This tendon looks, indeed, as if it really belonged to the d. m.
brevis, and as if the Jongus division had grafted itself on to the drevis portion just before
this passes into tendon.

Leg-Muscles.

Of the leg-muscles of Bradypterus only the gastrocnemius is of sufficient interest
to demand notice here.

The external head is very thick, fleshy, and spindle-shaped; the belly terminates in
a point rather below the middle of the tibial shaft, where it gives place to a long
tendon joined almost at once by the tendons of the middle and tibial heads. ‘The
belly, at about its middle, and just below the biceps loop, sends off a thin sheet of
muscular fibres to the middle head.

The tibial, like the external head, is very strongly developed, and ends in a point
running parallel with, and anchored to, the tendon proper to this head by a thin sheet
of tendinous tissue. The tendon, it will thus be seen, is rather peculiar, for, instead of
forming a continuation of the extremity of the fleshy portion of the muscle, it is given
off from the post-axial border of the belly—that is to say, the tendinous portion of
the muscle becomes concentrated rather high up, and not at the end of the muscle
as is usual,

The middle head is short and thick, and sharply truncated distally, giving place
very suddenly to a tendinous sheet which runs parallel to, and is fused with, the tendon
of the tibial head just described. Lower down the leg, however, this tendinous sheet
develops a fairly well-marked and typical tendon along its middle, and this eventually
joins the tendons of the external and middle heads. But this head shows a decided
tendency to fuse with the tibial head, and this condition is actually reached in the
Whitethroat, where it passes into the tibial head near the middle of that division.
In Acrocephalus the middle head is extremely feeble, taking the form of a thin sheet of
muscle terminating abruptly as in Bradypterus, and attached, as it were, to a delicate
tendinous sheet stretched between the terminal halves of the fleshy bellies of the
external and internal heads. Not until this sheet has nearly approached the ankle-
joint is the characteristic tendon developed.

Not the least interesting fact about the gastrocnemius of Bradypterus is the fact
that the fused tendons of the external and tibial heads are ossified. This ossificatior:

W. P. PYCRAFT—AVES: APPENDIX. 459

extends downwards to about the level of the distal } of the tibial shaft, and upwards
along each tendon as far as the fleshy portion of its respective muscle.

My attention was drawn to this fact by Mr. Woosnam, who, in skinning specimens
of this bird, found these tendons difficult to sever.

IV. Summary.

Owing to the fact that I had but a single specimen of Bradypterus for dissection,
which it was desirable to keep as complete as possible, and but little material for the
purposes of comparison, it is not possible to say anything definite as to the probable
systematic position of this genus. It is certainly distinctly separable from the genera .
with which it has been compared. My colleague Mr. Ogilvie-Grant is inclined to
think it may stand somewhere near Cetti’s Warbler, and I hope shortly to have
specimens of that bird for dissection in order that this point may be tested.

The relatively shallow keel on the breast-bone and the great development of the
gastrocnemius muscle show that it is not much addicted to flight, and the peculiar,
almost discontinuous character of the tail-feathers may be taken as further evidence on
this head.

2 5)
Ook A

PLATE X.

Z
Fig.

bo

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. Malimbus fagani Grant, 3, p. 270.
g

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES.

PLATE X.

Spermospiza poliogenys Grant, 2, p. 283.
Pyromelana crassirostris Grant, 3 , p. 287.
o

. Neisna nyanse Neumann, ¢, p. 302.

=
.

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PLATE XI.

PLATE ‘XI.

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Trans Lol. Soc FA MAGE AT

J.Green,Chromo lth

2? NESOCHARIS ANSORGEI,(Hartert)¢2. 3.CRYPTOSPIZA SALVADORII, Reichenos

A, PYTELIA BELLI, Grant. &.

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, VOL. XIX.—ParT Iv. No. 61.—March, 1910. 3-9

466 W. R. OGLLVIE-GRANT—AVES.

PAGE exalt

Figs. 1 & 2. Nectarinia dartmouthi Giamt, ¢ 9, pois:
Fig. 3. Cryptolopha alpina Grant, 3, p. 407.

WMO AP NaS HE
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PLATE XIil

468

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES.

PLATE XIII.

. 1. Pholidornis denti Grant, 3, p. 332.

2. Anthoscopus roccatii Salvadori, ¢ p. 339.
. Sylviella denti Grant, 3, p. 364.
. Anthus leqget Grant, 3, p. 314.

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; Gig Ge. VA WA S4 ; WA

1 PHOLIDORNIS DENTI,Grant.¢ 2. ANTHOSCOPUS ROCCATII,Salvad

SYLVIELLA DENT, Graz 4, ANTHUS LEGGEI,G

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PEATE XL.

470

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES.

PLATE XIV.

Fig. 1. Erythrocercus congicus Grant,
. Apalis affinis Grant, 3, p. 358.
» denti Grant, 2, pi do7.

H= OF LO

5 ruwenzorti Jackson, 3, p. d

Frans Loot Soo Vt AN PSCAN.

d.Green,Chromo hth

LERYTHROCERCUS CONGICUS, Grants" 2. APALIS AFFINIS, Grant.c
3.APALIS DENTI,Grant.@. 4. APALIS RUWENZORI,Grant.o

N, 4
nia ; f

PLATE XV.

bo

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES.

PLATE XV.

. 374.

Fig. 1. Alethe woosnami Grant, 3
2. 4, carruthersi Grant, g

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VOL. XIX.—ParT Iv. No. 62.—March, 1910. 2B iL

W. RK. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES.

PLATE XYL.

Fig. 1. Bradypterus alfredi Hartlaub, 2, p. 306.
2. Cossypha archert Sharpe, 3, p. 370.
3. Bradypterus barake Sharpe, ¢, p. 355.

Frant Lo Soc Vb AN FCAV

YPTERUS ALPREDI, Hartl. 9 2.COSSYPHA ARCHERI, Sharpe. oi

if

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PLATE XVIL :

BRQ

476 W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES.

PLATE XVII.

Fig. 1. Phyllanthus czarnikowi Grant, 3, p. 378.
2, Bleda woosnami Grant, ¢, p. 384.

J.Green,Chromo hth

1.PHYLLANTHUS CZARNIKOWI,Grant.¢ 2.BLEDA WOOSNAMI, Grant d

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PLATE XVIIL

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W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES.

PLATE XVIII.

Batis diops Jackson, ¢ , p. 398.
Chloropeta gracilirostris Grant, ¢. p.
Tarsiger ruwenzori Grant, ¢, p. 394.

Sy]

. Trochocercus bedfordi Grant, 2, p. 403.

39

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PLATE XIX

oul 2
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t

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t

480

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT—AVES.

PLATE XIX,

. Emberiza flaviventris, p. 309.

. Hyphantornis jacksoni, p. 276.
. Geocichla piagge, p. 368.

. Hyphantornis jacksoni, p. 276.
. Emberiza flaviventris, p. 309.

. Sylviella barake, p. 362.

. Cinnyris cupreus, p. 325.

. Pternistes cranchi, p. 452.

Nectarinia kilimensis, p. 317.

. Camaroptera griseoviridis, p, 364.
. Cisticola erythrops, p. 348.
. Cryptolopha alpina, p. 407.

Fig. 13.
14,
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
90).
OT.
22.

23

(Eaes.)

Terpsiphone suahelica, p. 404.
Cisticola chubbi, p. 351.
Amblyospiza melanonota p. 282.
(Edicnemus vermiculatus, p. 444.
Sitagra aliena, p. 279.

Tarsiger ruwenzori, p. 394.
Xenocichla kikuyuensis, p. 382.
Telephonus erythropterus, p. 337.
Laniarius erythrogaster, p. 340.

. Telephonus erythropterus, p. 337.
24.

Caprimulgus fossei, p. 428.

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