//-/ THE AVICULTURAL MAGAZINE BEING THE JOURNAL OF THE AVICULTURAL SOCIETY AND THE AVICULTURAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA EDITED BY PHYLLIS BARCLAY-SMITH, M.B.E. VOL. LXV JANUARY, 1959, to DECEMBER, 1959 Hertford STEPHEN AUSTIN & SONS, Ltd. CONTENTS Title-page ......... i Contents ......... iii Alphabetical List of Contributors iv List of Plates ........ vii Officers for the Year 1959 ...... 1 List of Members ........ 3 List of Affiliated Members (The Avicultural Society of South Australia) ....... 33 List of Institutions Subscribing for Avicultural Magazine 34 Rules of the Avicultural Society . . . . 35 The Society’s Medal ....... 38 Magazine ......... 1 Index .......... 187 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Barclay-Smith, Phyllis. The trade in and transport of birds, i oo. Bonner, Kay. Darenth-Hulme, 1959, 175. Boosey, E. J. Some breeding results at Keston — season 1958, 40. Japanese Blue Flycatchers, 58. Maroon patch on wing of female Slatey-headed Parrakeet ( Psittacula | schisticeps) , 143. Our cock lutino Plum-headed Parrakeet — an appeal, 144. Collins, Denby. Breeding of the Rameron Pigeon ( Columba arquatrix ), 169. Conway, William G. An experiment in puffin culture, 1 . A new ration for flamingos, 108. Cummings, W. D. Breeding of the Amethyst Starling at the Keston Foreign Bird Farm, 1958, 44. Dale, David. See Perry, John. Davis, Godfrey. Colours of male and female White-capped Redstart, loss of red colour by birds in j captivity, food for lorikeets, 31. Delacour, J. Bird news from Cleres and Los Angeles, 1958, 18. Notes on the White-capped Redstart and the Silver-eared Mesia, 58. Dilger, William C. Notes on a hybrid thrush (male Blackbird X female American Robin) and notes on a male American Robin paired with a female Song Thrush, 125. [Editor] . Delay in publication of the Avicultural Magazine, 97. Importation of parrots into the United Kingdom, 124. Everitt, Charles. The Purple Whydah, 96. The breeding of the Olive-backed Thrush Hylocichla ustulata swainsoni (Tschudi), 1 12. Lemon (Olive) Doves, 186. Fiennes, R. N. The dangers of feeding seed mixtures in which is incorporated egg yolk, 95. Fletcher, A. W. E. Maned Geese, 30. Inbreeding of geese, 95. Frost, Keith D. Three Amazon Parrots 84. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS V Goodwin, Derek. Observations on Blue-breasted Waxbills, 149. Goodwin, Robert. Breeding of the Black-faced Grassquit Tiaris bicolor in captivity and some notes on the comparative behaviour of the genus, 1 3 1 . Hallstrom, Sir Edward. Some breeding results in the Hallstrom Collection, 77. Hawke, E. H. Breeding results in a collection in Lourengo Marques, 82. Henry, G. M. The Ceylon Junglefowl ( Gallas lafayetti Lesson), 61. ISENBERG, A. H. Juvenile plumage of Magpie-Jays, 143. Johnson, F. E. B. Breeding Temminck’s Tragopan, 146. Johnstone, S. T. Notes from the Wildfowl Trust, 37. Kirkham, R. G. The Birds of Paradise on Little Tobago Island, 86. The treatment of sick birds by injection, 96. Laid lay, J. C. Maned Geese, 59. Lamm, Harold G. See Reuther, Ronald T. Lint, Kenton C. Breeding of the Slender-billed Cockatoo ( Kakatoe tenuirostris) , 107. Naether, Carl. Breeding Galapagos and other doves in California, 135. Newell, J. P. American Ground Dove ?, 1 16. Payne, Claude M. The exchange and mart scheme, 23. Perry, John. Breeding the Red-faced Lovebird ( Agapornis pullaria ) [by David Dale] in South Africa, 1 19. Plath, Karl. A Potoo for the Brookfield Zoo, 1 74. POULSEN, H. Breeding of the Snowy Owl, 17. The parrots at the Copenhagen Zoo, 46. VI LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Prestwich, Arthur A. British Aviculturists’ Club, 24, 52, 138, 180. News and views, 25, 54, 93, 138, 18 1. The Galapagos Dove in freedom and captivity, 66. The Baltimore Hangnest (Icterus galbula), 145. Rand, A. L. Late records of the Cebu Golden-backed Hanging Parrakeet, 177. Reid-Henry, D. M. The trade in and transport of birds, 7. The Hooded Pitta ( Pitta sordida cucullata ), 33. Reuther, Ronald T., and Lamm, Harold G. Successful breeding of the Streamer- tailed Hummingbird (Trochilus polytmus) ,103. Ripley, Dillon. Laysan Teal at Litchfield, 172. Risdon, D. H. S. The trade in and transport of birds, 5. Rothwell, K. G. The importation of Australian parrakeets, 35. Sands, W. M. The use of antibiotics in the treatment of enteritis, 3 1 . Snazle, H. A. Breeding of the Blue-and-Yellow Macaw, 84. Spence, Tom. The Horned Screamer (Anhima cornuta), 97. Throp, J. L. The results of two collecting trips in Mexico, 88. Turner, Brian C. The loss of red colour by birds in captivity, 32. Vane, E. N. T. Some observations on the Cacatuinae — the Cockatoos, 9. Wing patches in females of the genus Psittacula, 186. Wackernagel, Hans. Some results with colour feeding of carotenoids in birds at the Basel Zoological Garden, 20. Wayre, Philip. The ornamental pheasant registry, 2 1 . West, David. The 1958 breeding season in California, 80. Dwarf macaws, 123. Yealland, J. J. London Zoo notes, 23, 52, 92, 136, 178. The White-capped Redstart, 32. The National Exhibition of Cage Birds, 49. The R.S.P.C.A. Hostel at London Airport, 58. D LIST OF PLATES Puffin using wings and feet swimming in tank facing page I Puffin, immature, approximately 45 days old 55 I A pair of Snowy Owls at the Copenhagen Zoo and their young, hatched in June, 1958 3 5 17 * Hooded Pitta ..... 33 33 Family of hybrid Festive X Red- throated Amazon Parrots ..... 33 40 Scallop-necked Pigeon ..... 33 4i Adult male Amethyst Starling .... 33 44 Young Amethyst Starling .... 33 45 The outdoor parrot aviary — Copenhagen Zoo 33 46 The indoor parrot aviary — Copenhagen Zoo 33 47 * Ceylon Junglefowl ...... 33 61 Galapagos Dove ...... 33 74 Blue- and- Yellow Macaw— Parents and young 33 84 * Horned Screamers ...... 33 97 Slender-billed Cockatoo (. Kakatoe tenuirostris ) 33 108 Flamingo ( Phoenicopterus ruber ) — Right wing of one of the test birds ...... 33 109 Hybrid — male European Blackbird and female American Robin ...... 33 128 * Baltimore Hangnest ..... 33 i45 Rameron Pigeon and young .... 33 170 Potoo (, Nyctibius grandis ) in Brookfield Zoo „ 174 and (2 plates) ....... 175 * Denotes a coloured plate. AVICULTURAL MAGAZINE CONTENTS CONTENTS PAGE An Experiment in Puffinculture (with plate), by William G. Conway . . i The Trade in and Transport of Birds ....... 5 Some Observations on the Gacatuinae — The Cockatoos, by E. N. T. Vane . 9 Breeding of the Snowy Owl {with plate), by H. Poulsen . . . . 17 Bird News from Glares and Los Angeles, by J. Delacour . . . .18 Some Results with Colour Feeding of Carotenoids in Birds at the Basel Zoological Garden, by Hans Wackernagel ........ 20 The Ornamental Pheasant Registry . . . . . . . .21 The Exchange and Mart Scheme . . . . . . . . 23 London Zoo Notes, by J. J. Yealland . . .23 British Aviculturists’ Club ......... 24 News and Views ........... 25 Reviews ............ 29 Correspondence ........... 30 VOL. 65 No. 1 PRICE 5/- JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1959 THE AVICULTURAL SOCIETY Founded 1894 President : D. Setli- Smith, Esq. Hon. Secretary and Treasurer s A. A. Prestwich, 61, Chase Road, Oakwood, London, N. 14. Assistant Secretary : .Miss Kay Bonner. Membership Subscription is £1 per annum, due on 1st January each year, and payable in advance. Life Membership £15. Subscriptions, Changes of Address, Names of Candidates for Membership, etc., should be sent to the Hon. Secretary. THE AVICULTURAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Hon. President : Mr. Jean Delacour. President : Mr. Thomas J. Brinker. Secretary : Mr. Otis Wade, 1806 Redesdale Avenue, Los Angeles 26, Calif., U.S.A. The annual dues of the Society are $2.50 per year, payable in advance. The Society year begins 1st January, but new members may be admitted at any time. Members receive a monthly bulletin. Correspondence regarding membership, etc., should be directed to the Secretary. THE AVICULTURAL MAGAZINE The Magazine is published bi-monthly, and sent free to all members of the Avicultural Society. Members joining at any time during the year are entitled to the back numbers for the current year on the payment of subscription. All matter for publication in the Magazine should be addressed to : — The Editor : Miss Phyllis Barclay -Smith, 51 Warwick Avenue, London, W. 9. Telephone : Cunningham 3006. The price of the Magazine to non-members is 5^, post free, per copy, or £1 10 s. for the year. Orders for the Magazine, extra copies and back numbers (from 1917) should be sent to the publishers, Stephen Austin & Sons, Ltd., Caxton Hill, Ware Road, Hertford, England. Telephone : Hertford 2352/3/4. A vic. Mag. 1959. Copyright ] [New York Zoological Society Puffin, Fratercula arctica arctica (Linnaeus), using Wings and Feet Swimming in Tank. (Weight 300—430 grams.) Immature, about \\ months old. Copyright ] [New York Zoological Society Puffin, Fratercula arctica arctica (Linnaeus). Immature, approxi¬ mately 45 Days Old. Weight 197 grams. (Notice down and lack Of development of beak.) [Frontispiece Avicultural Magazine THE JOURNAL OF THE AVICULTURAL SOCIETY AND THE AVICULTURAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA , Vol. 65.— No. I .—All rights reserved . JANUARY-FEBRUARY, 1959 | AN EXPERIMENT IN PUFFINCULTURE By William G. Conway (Curator of Birds, New York Zoological Society, U.S.A.) Scarcely an aviculturist exists who has not some idea of what a puffin is, but very few have ever seen one exhibited in captivity, and until August, 1957, we had never exhibited a puffin at the New York Zoological Park. Three species of puffins are recognized : the Atlantic Puffin (. Fratercula arctico ), ranging from northern Greenland and Franz Josef Land south to Maine and Portugal ; the Horned Puffin (. Fratercula corniculata) , breeding from the Bering Sea south to Forrester Island, Alaska, and the Tufted Puffin (Lunda cirrhata) , found from northern Alaska and Siberia south to California and Japan. Our experience concerns the race Fratercula a. arctica, found from southern Greenland and Iceland to Maine and northern Norway. Lockley places the population of all races of the Atlantic Puffin at more than 15,000,000 and concludes that it is one of the most numerous of all Atlantic sea birds. Of this number we claim two, and their story follows. Atlantic Puffins are rounded, compact, extraordinarily tough birds with a body about a Rock Dove and a half in size. During much of the year they present a drab appearance : black with a white breast ; and grey face. The beak is high and laterally compressed but not especially distinguished. With the advent of the breeding season all this changes. The orange feet become brilliant scarlet and a horny sheath grows over the bill, resulting in a huge affair which appears to start at the top of the puffin’s head and extends to the lowest extremity of his short, round face. At this time, also, a fleshy, grey, wattle-like triangular projection grows above the puffin’s eye, while below it a grey rectangle appears. The puffin’s eyelids seem to swell somewhat and ring the eye with a bright circle of red. In the wild, puffins feed very largely on small fish of several species. 2 W. G. CONWAY - AN EXPERIMENT IN PUFFINCULTURE They have attained considerable fame from their habit of returning to the nest with a number of small fish held in neat formation, crosswise in the bill. In contrast to some published accounts, however, not all of these fish have their heads pointing in the same direction. How the puffin manages to catch one fish and hold it so securely while obtaining another is the problem. Actually, the puffin has i considerable control over both mandible and maxilla, and an elastic, j heavy “ lip ” at the corners of its mouth helps give it a very facile food-gathering apparatus. While hard to describe, it is not hard to see how a puffin can hold one fish in the back of its beak and catch 1 more in front. Puffins nest in burrows and it is possible that they never see their parents clearly, for the “ puffling 55 stays in the burrow, which is usually quite extensive and dark, and the parents walk down into the I burrow to feed it. Instead of helping, or even driving the youngster from the nest, R. M. Lockley has shown that parent puffins merely j taper off in their feeding visits and finally abandon the youngster altogether while it is still in the nest. This usually takes place about the fortieth day of the chick’s existence. After about ten days of enforced fasting, the complaining chick leaves its nest burrow one night and makes its way on foot to the sea. There it enters the water and swims out on to the open ocean. Quite alone, it receives no help or further feeding from its parents. Fifteen million puffins would seem sufficient testimony that the puffin is well enough equipped by nature to learn to live in one of the world’s most rigorous environs by itself. On 30th August, 1957, we received a small shipment of puffins through the efforts of Mr. Stuart Peters, of Canada. Our purpose was to conduct an experiment with these birds to gain experience with their needs in captivity and to find a practical method of keeping them with an eye toward the development of a future “ Puffinry Work in various other zoos in the United States and abroad did not appear encouraging. Hediger related the loss of puffins in Basle, and we were acquainted with several other attempts to keep the species, most of which did not end well. We hoped that nestlings, taken about the time of the fast period and properly handled, would have a good chance of survival. Accordingly, Mr. Peters collected a group of nestlings and placed them in a plane late one night and the next afternoon we had a dozen puffins. I should like to be able to say that we reared them without trouble, and one just does thus and so. Such is not the case. All but four of the puffins were dead within 30 hours of arrival. Each bird was very carefully autopsied but no certain cause of death was established. Every bird appeared in excellent condition with much surplus fat. Even on arrival the birds had appeared in excellent health and, to date, we do not have a W. G. CONWAY - AN EXPERIMENT IN PUFFINCULTURE 3 good hypothesis for their death. The puffins were at somewhat different stages of development, ranging from almost completely downy specimens to well-feathered birds. The four survivors of this holocaust were a mixture of the age groups represented, thus precluding the development of possible explanations on the basis of age. We con¬ cluded that puffins do not ship well under the conditions provided and decided we would be wise to “ break them off 55 at the point of capture. The four remaining birds immediately became the chief centre of interest and feeding problem in the Bird Department. Force-feeding the older examples proved a formidable job indeed, and we soon found that small, whole fish were the only answer. After a week, however, they began picking up these minnow-sized fish from small dishes of water themselves, and it appeared that our problems were mostly those of supply and demand. We found the birds sensitive to interruption such as movement and noise, and at various times had to stop carpenter repair jobs which occasioned pounding nearby. We attempted to induce the chicks to take fish injected with vitamin supplements with more or less success. During this period of their lives our birds were kept in the head keeper’s office within a special wire-floored cage with movable parti¬ tions. Each bird was housed separately and the appearance of this unit was rather like that of a multiple brooder. We felt individual compartments, offering a small area with enclosed back, top, and sides, might promote a greater sense of security to burrow nestlings. From the brooder we intended to move the young puffins to our specially constructed refrigerated penguin quarantine cage with con¬ crete pool as soon as we considered them well started on their food and the younger individuals well feathered. Crowded conditions and some unexpected problems on the waterfowl ponds made it necessary to house sea ducks in the cooler, and thus prevented us from moving our young puffins at an appropriate time. Not until October was the cooler free for use, and by this time three of the four puffins showed unmistakable signs of distress. Breathing heavily, feeding but gradually losing weight, the puffins displayed symptoms frequently associated with aspergillosis. The first bird died on 1 1 th October. Autopsy revealed aspergillosis and results were the same with yet another bird on 26th October. The two remaining puffins were placed in our cooler, one showing considerable distress. This bird and its apparently healthy cage mate were once again subjected to constant force-feedings to avoid the inevitable period of starvation stress while they learned to find their food in new surroundings. In the meantime, their food had been changed to one more practical for the zoo to obtain and considerably more economical than the various minnow-sized fish which we had been 4 W. G. CONWAY - AN EXPERIMENT IN PUFFINCULTURE using. Smelts, whole, such as fed our smaller penguins, were found satisfactory despite their 4 in. to 6 in. size. We placed a few drops of a multi-vitamin preparation on each fish. The ill bird was force-fed daily through the first week in November. Eventually it became so tame that it would sit upon its keeper’s lap while being fed. Amazingly, this bird recovered. While this specimen was not laboratory tested for aspergillosis, its symptoms were identical with those of the two birds which died with the fungus. While I am loath to suggest that I have ever seen a bird recover from severe aspergillosis, I often wonder about this little bird. Later, in conjunction with four Adelie Penguins, some of which arrived with aspergillosis, these birds were carefully tested for the disease. Cloacal, tracheal, and buccal smears were taken and the birds were actually given treatment for aspergillosis though all of the test cultures were negative. Each of our puffins was assigned a number on arrival and careful weight checks were used as an index of feeding and health as well as i a guide to the need for force-feeding. On arrival puffin No. 1 weighed 274 gm., No. 2 weighed 197 gm. On 31st January, 1958, they weighed respectively 450 gm. and 451 gm. It takes puffins several seasons to attain full breeding plumage and ; produce the huge, many-coloured bill sheaths or plates, which increase ! in size at least to the five-year mark and are shed each autumn. Our birds’ beaks have grown considerably and we are gathering photo¬ graphs of them at various periods in the hope of following this process through for particular individuals. Thus far they have shown little red in their feet or beaks, which may reflect an artificial condition suggesting that the food we offer is too low in carotenoids for them to produce normal pigments. We are also making a brief chronicle of the moult of our two birds in the hope of gaining as complete a picture of puffin life as possible. We were surprised, despite the notes of Salomonsen and Heinroth, to find our birds entering a flightless moult in the middle of March, before the breeding season. While, of course, our puffins are being kept under highly artificial conditions and would not, in any event, be old enough to breed, we were still quite amazed by their unusual timing. Salomonsen comments on recovering puffins in flightless condition in the North Atlantic during the same period of the year. Despite our setbacks, we feel the puffin experiment a successful one and think we may now know enough about puffins to keep them in good health. In the near future we anticipate building a “ Puffinry It will be air-conditioned, somewhat cooled, provide an aquarium- fronted pool and a land area which may be modified for burrowing, and we will feed the puffins on supplemented fish with some shrimp or other carotenoid-rich food. THE TRADE IN AND TRANSPORT OF BIRDS 5 THE TRADE IN AND TRANSPORT OF BIRDS I read with great interest the contributions on the above subject in the last two issues of the magazine. The point is, what are we going to do about it, or are we going to sit back complacently and wait for the anti-bird keeping fraternity to act first ? As Phyllis Barclay-Smith points out, there are many people who, given half a chance, would prevent the keeping of any bird whatever in captivity. These people have closed minds on the subject. They will not listen to argument or logic. They are prejudiced from the start and leave no stone unturned to throw the limelight on any event which will reflect badly on aviculture. Let there be one case of neglect or delay in transit of a consignment of birds and they seize on it with enthusiasm and become almost hysterical in their con¬ demnation of the whole practice of importing birds. Unfortunately, such people have the weight of uninformed public sentiment behind them. Ask any non bird-keeping person a spot question : is it or is it not cruel to keep birds in captivity ? and I will bet that in ninety-nine cases in a hundred he will, without thinking reply : “Yes, how would you like to be shut up in a cage ? 5 5 Public sentiment or opinion — call it what you will — is a very powerful force and in the face of it Governments are apt to make laws which may be sweeping and comprehensive in their effect. It only needs a few more cases like the affair at Nairobi to be brought to light and public opinion may be so incensed that we may all wake up one morning and find we can’t get any more birds. The obvious place to prevent the abuse of the bird trade is at the source of supply. If the Governments of the countries of origin could be persuaded to enforce regulations for the proper care and transport of their birds, all would be well, but this would be a tall order. It must be remembered that some species which we cherish over here are considered vermin in their native habitats. I was once told that Ring-necked and Plum-headed Parrakeets are such a pest in India that it was considered more profitable to trap them wholesale and consign them alive to Europe than to spend money on cartridges to shoot them. Likewise we have all heard the tales of the appalling suffering which must be inflicted on Australian birds by the deliberate poisoning of water holes and the laying of poisoned grain to kill cockatoos. If these stories are true, are the people who do this sort of thing really going to care how the birds are sent away, or where they go, as long as they are got rid of? The second, but less effective way, is to tackle the problem at our end — the receiving end. I say less effective because whatever regula¬ tions are enforced about importation into the United Kingdom these 6 THE TRADE IN AND TRANSPORT OF BIRDS will not prevent abuses in other countries. Nevertheless, we would at least be putting our own house in order. It is no use appealing to the better natures of the dealers and exhorting them to insist on minimum size cages, etc. I am not here referring to the bona fide bird importers who have good reputations to uphold, but there are, unfortunately, others who are only concerned j with importing birds as cheaply as possible, and selling them as soon ' as possible, to obtain a quick financial return. Some sort of legislation ; is necessary if these people are not to continue to bring the whole of our hobby into disrepute. All goods imported have to pass through H.M. Customs and it seems to me that here is where some sort of regulation could be 1 enforced. Would it not be possible for the Avicultural Society to draw up a set of rules on the lines quoted by Phyllis Barclay-Smith I and advocated by John Yealland and submit these to the relevant Government Department, coupled with the suggestion that any birds 1 imported under conditions not up to these standards be refused admission to the country ? How much better if these suggestions were to come from ourselves as a responsible Society, than from “ the other side ”. At least we 1 should be showing our bona fides as genuine aviculturists. Moreover, j and this is important, we should be more likely to obtain a favourable j hearing if and when any law is passed. Talking of “ genuine aviculturists ” brings me to another point, and that is, that not nearly enough of us are making a concerted effort to j breed birds and establish aviary-bred strains. The trouble is we never wake up to the need to do this until it is almost too late. This is what nearly happened with British birds, but for the timely formation of the British Bird Breeder’s Association. And look at parrakeets, when the import ban was lifted a few years ago I actually overheard several parrakeet breeders say that they had given up the commoner species because “ it would no longer be worth while breeding them ” — presumably not financially worth while ? How they must have changed their tune when the ban was suddenly clapped on again ! Let us face it — nearly all the seed-eating birds and many insect and fruit-eaters show a pronounced desire to breed in our aviaries given the right conditions, but apart from parrakeets, pheasants, and waterfowl, how many of us make a sustained effort to establish aviary- bred strains of the “ cheaper ” birds ? Why not — because they are too cheap ? Surely if a species is worth keeping at all, it is worth breeding — not just once to say you have done it but regularly and consistently. I know we are all collectors at heart, we like to keep as many species as possible, with the result that we tend to become “Jacks of all trades, masters of none ”. But if only more of us would specialize THE TRADE IN AND TRANSPORT OF BIRDS 7 and concentrate on trying to establish aviary-bred strains of a few species which appeal to us like Teague with his Gouldians, Norris with his Mountain Bluebirds, and Nicholson with Red-headed Parrot Finches — these men are the true aviculturists — we could in time become independent of importations except in special circumstances, e.g. for a change of blood. We call ourselves the Avicultural Society. As I understand it the word aviculture means the breeding and rearing of birds, not just the mere keeping of them. The Society offers medals for first | breedings — an excellent scheme, but why let it rest at that ? Too many of us, I am afraid, having achieved success once are either content to rest on our laurels or turn to other species, with the result that the first generation of aviary-bred stock is dispersed and lost. D. H. S. Risdon. Dudley, Worcs. I would like to add a contribution to the debate upon the subject raised by our Editor in the September-October issue, but more par¬ ticularly my intention is to put a query against two points submitted by Mr. T. Spence in his comments on the original article. In the November-December number of the Magazine, page 159 and half-way down the page, Mr. Spence writes : — “ Incidentally, we owe a great debt to the R.S.P.C.A. for this hostel and I fear that few of us recognize this.” (He is referring to the hostel run by the R.S.P.C.A. at London Airport where livestock is taken for purposes of inspection, feeding, watering, etc., whilst awaiting either owners to turn up or for further transport to other destinations.) I suggest that whilst some very useful work is done in this way by the Society, and possibly many instances of bad conditions are brought to light and either remedied or greatly ameliorated, there are certainly occasions where interference by officials of the Society or anybody else can do much harm. Have they any legal right to open boxes and handle animals which are destined for other people ? Supposing a valuable hawk escaped through such interference, and savaged the Inspector or some other animal in the place ; who would stand the blame ? Supposing a rare bird got away altogether, what excuse could the Society offer to the person whose property the bird was ? Supposing a very nervous bird, such as a wild-caught hawk would certainly be, were to take fright and die in a fit through being suddenly inspected by a human being at close quarters, would the Society not be liable to be sued for heavy damages ? Anybody who has experience of wild hawks or game birds will know 8 THE TRADE IN AND TRANSPORT OF BIRDS very well that I am not exaggerating this possibility of death or serious injury from fright. The handling of these birds is the job of a very experienced specialist, and in any case it is highly doubtful if a hawk would feed on such an occasion, no matter how hungry, nor how tasty the proffered refreshment. It is far better left alone and quiet unless 1 there is obviously something very seriously wrong with the package. The second point in Mr. Spence’s article arises out of his suggestion that we should allow all sorts of other official inspections to bedevil our lives. On page 160, second paragraph, we read : “I believe that no one should be permitted to import the fauna of another country unless the accommodation the importer can provide is suitable.” (Splendid idea ! — But who is to decide what is “ suitable ” ?) “ I feel that only people accredited by, and whose premises have been inspected by, say, the Nature Conservancy, should be permitted to keep the wild fauna of any country.” I will wager a hat that there are very few officials of any body, Nature Conservancy included, who would be competent to decide upon what is suitable accommodation for some hypothetical obscure foreign bird. What is more than likely is that they would send someone rushing off to the London Zoo for the necessary information, and we all know that much of the Zoo accommodation is inappropriate ! Then we have to consider that the vast majority of birds imported are brought in by dealers who always hope that these birds will soon be off their hands. Are we to have a crowd of inspectors attached to every dealer so that each person who buys a Waxbill can be followed home and his arrangements for the bird inspected ? My feeling is that we are much better off acting as our own police force. We are the ones who know if a dealer is a bad egg, whose place is dirty and who always has sick birds in crowded cages, and who is mainly interested in the profit to be taken from his business. We are the ones who decide whether to do business with him or to leave him to go bankrupt. After all, these premises are already subject to official inspection by law and it does not work ! Otherwise why are there still thousands of smuggled lovebirds and parrakeets openly offered for sale week by week ? I certainly agree with Mr. Spence in his anxiety to see these bird- traffic scandals cleaned up, but I submit that we do no good by seeking more and more intrusion from Officialdom. Let us rather educate ourselves thoroughly in the needs and general details about a bird, so that when we do acquire one we already have proper knowledge, and accommodation in which to look after it. D. M. Reid Henry. Woodford Green, Essex. E. N. T. VANE - SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE CACATUINAE 9 SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE CACATUINAE— THE COCKATOOS By E. N. T. Vane (Great Missenden, Bucks, England) There has been a considerable hiatus since Peters’ Checklist of the Birds of the World , Volume III, covering the Psittacidae, was published in 1937. During the greater part of this period little opportunity was available for further review of the position, although it was obvious that the scope of a work of such monumental dimensions was almost certainly beyond the limits of the lifetime of any single individual and eventually some amendments would be necessary. Two rather obviously discordant elements stood out in his arrange¬ ment of the White Cockatoos, namely the positions of (1) the Blue¬ eyed Cockatoo, Kakatoe galerita ophthalmica (Sclater), from New Britain, and (2) the Red-vented or Philippine Cockatoo, Kakatoe hamaturopygia (Muller), from the Philippines. Dr. Hans von Boetticher, writing in UOiseau in 1938, criticized these two points in particular ; he also remarked upon the position of the Glossy Black Cockatoo, Calyptor- hyncus lathami (Temminck). This paper only came to my notice quite recently and prompted further inquiry which, with the assistance of Mr. R. W. Sims, of the British Museum (Natural History), who has kindly looked up many early references and checked these notes, leads to the following conclusions. The Cockatoos naturally fall into two main groups, the Black and the White. Peters divided the former into three genera : (i) Probosciger Kuhl, the Great Palm Cockatoos, (ii) Calyptorhyncus Desmarest, the Black Cockatoos proper, and (iii) Callocephalon Lesson, the Gang-gang Cockatoo. The White Cockatoos he arranged in one genus divided into five sub-genera which will be referred to more fully later on. Black Cockatoos Probosciger , which has a number of vernacular names such as Palm Cockatoo, Great Black, Giant, Goliath, Aratoo, etc., is a mono- specific genus of which five sub-specific or geographic races are recognized. These races differ only slightly in size, except one, stenolophus , which has a distinctly slender feather formation in the crest. So remarkable is this genus that Boetticher considered that it may well deserve an entirely separate sub-family. The generic characteristics of Probosciger are : colour black, a bare pinkish facial patch, crest long with slender lanceolate feathers, bill very large and deeply notched, with the upper mandible much compressed and narrower than the 10 E. N. T. VANE - SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE CAGATUINAE lower. Their range extends from the northern tip of Cape York, Australia, throughout New Guinea and the surrounding islands (Fig. i). The second genus, Calyptorhyncus , was divided by Peters into two sub-genera, ^anda and Calyptorhyncus. Boetticher, however, believed that the Glossy Black Cockatoo (C. lathami in Peters), merited sub¬ generic rank as the head was browner, the bill shorter and wider, particularly in the lower mandible, he therefore revived Harrisornis ; Mathews (Aust. Av. Rec ., 2, 1914). To add support to this contention, Sir Edward Hallstrom has already recorded that he found the digestive system of this Cockatoo to differ from other Black Cockatoos (Avic. Mag. r954, p. 163). The full title of this bird would therefore become Calyptorhyncus ( Harrisornis ) lathami (Temminck). Thus, this genus would be composed of three sub-genera : — Sub-genus 1. Zanc^a Mathews containing the White- tailed Black Cockatoo, Calyptorhyncus baudinii Lear, from south-west Australia, and the Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoo, Calyptorhyncus funereus (Shaw), from eastern Australia and Tasmania. These two species resemble each other closely and may well be regarded as the two geographic repre¬ sentatives of different areas. They differ in the colour of the auricular patches and markings of the under- tail. Recently sub-species of baudinii have been named, but as they only appear to differ in the size or shape of the bill, it may be more satisfactory to regard them as variations until more information is available, as has been suggested by Ernst Mayr with regard to the “ Triton ” sub-species mentioned later. Sub-genus 2. Calyptorhyncus Desmarest, consisting of one species, magnijicus. The Red-tailed or Banksian Cockatoos, of which four sub¬ species or geographic races are accepted in various areas of Australia, only differing very slightly from each other. The sexes differ con¬ siderably in this sub-genus (Fig. 2). Sub-genus 3. Harrisornis Mathews. The Glossy Black Cockatoo as 1 detailed above. The generic characteristics of Calyptorhyncus are black colour, long tails with outer feathers shorter, crest feathers short and broad. Bill short, high, and very broad. The third genus of Black Cockatoos is Callocephalon Lesson, which is the well-known distinctive Gang-gang, a dark grey bird with the edges of each feather pale bordered. In the male the crest is red with soft, curled, rather fern-like feathers. The cere is covered and the tail shorter. It is a mono-specific genus although a somewhat doubtful sub-species is listed. Callocephalon fimbriatum (Grant) being the nominate race (Fig. 3). E. N. T. VANE - SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE GAGATUINAE I I i. Probosciger. 2. Calyptorhyncus magnificus. $ 3. Callocephalon fimbriatum. $ 5. Cacatua moluccensis. Crest partially erected. 6. Cacatua ophthalmica. Crest flat. 4. Cacatua alba. Crest fully erected. 12 E. N. T. VANE - SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE CAGATUINAE 12 7. Cacatua e. galerita. Crest erect. 195©- 8. Cacatua e. triton. Crest flat. 9. Lophochroa leadbeateri . o. Eolophus e. sanguinea. 11. Eolophus ducorpsius ducorps. 12. Eolophus e. goffi.nl . 13. Licmetis tenuirostris. E. N. T. VANE - SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE GACATUINAE 13 White Cockatoos Peters placed the White Cockatoos in five sub-genera under one generic group. First the Kakatoe Cuvier, in which were the Greater and Lesser Sulphur-crested species, also the Great White, the Moluccan and Blue-eyed Cockatoos and, for reasons known only to himself, the Philippine Cockatoo. Secondly, the Lophochroa Bonaparte, the Lead- beater’s. Thirdly, Ducorpsius Bonaparte, the Short-crested Ducorp’s, Goffin’s, and Bare-eyed Cockatoos. Fourthly, the Licmeiis Wagler, Slender-billed Cockatoos, and finally Eolophus Bonaparte, the Galahs or Roseate Cockatoos. In the first place, Peters’ choice of Kakatoe Cuvier as the generic name is not accepted as correct by some scientists. Ernst Mayr (. American Museum Novitates , No. 947, September, 1937) gave the following reasons : “ The generic name £ Cacatua ’ Brisson ( Orn ., iv, p. 204, 1760) has been in use in the ornithological literature for a period of more than one hundred years. It is the name used in the Cat. Birds , in Sharpe’s Handlist , in Salvador’s Orn. Pap. Mol., and in every single monograph of the parrots published during the last century. Recently Mathews replaced it by Kakatoe Cuvier, which in my opinion is nothing but a nomen nudum. I shall continue to use the generic name Cacatua Brisson until more valid reasons for its rejection have been advanced.” He does, in fact, retain the name in his Checklist of the Birds of New Guinea , 1941. This retention of the prior name is most helpful in rearranging the classification of the White Cockatoos more satis¬ factorily, as will be seen. With regard to Peters’ first sub-genus “ Kakatoe ”. Boetticher stated — and he was undoubtedly correct in saying so — that he could not accept Kakatoe ophthalmica (Sclater), the Blue-eyed Cockatoo of New Britain, as a mere sub-species or geographic race of Kakatoe galerita (Latham) ; ophthalmica does not have a narrow, upcurving crest, filamented when erect, like other members of the galerita group. On the contrary, it has a broad-tipped, rounded, and flat crest, which opens fan-wise when erected, as in the Great White {alba) and Rose-crested ( moluccensis ) Cockatoos of the Moluccas. He therefore proposed to place these three species in a separate sub-genus, Plyctolophus Vieillot, of which moluccensis Gmelin was the type species. His next step was to propose that the short-crested Philippine Cockatoo ( hcematuropygia ) should be moved from its obviously incorrect position here. So he suggested it should be placed in a more appropriate position with the “ Ducorpsius ” short-crested Cockatoos, quite over¬ looking the fact that hcematuropygia was, in fact, the type species of Kakatoe Cuvier, which made such a revision impossible. By reverting to the prior name of Cacatua Brisson, however, it is possible to correct two errors in one change over. The White Cockatoos may now be rearranged on the lines suggested by Boetticher as follows : 14 E. N. T. VANE - SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE CAGATUINAE Genus I. — Cacatua Brisson (Type, C. alba , designated Salvadori, 1891) Sub- genus 1. — C. cacatua Brisson. Colour white or nearly white ; bill black with exposed cere. The crest feathers are broad- tipped and lie flat along the crown when depressed, but open fan-wise across the front of the head. Species (i) C. alba. The Great White Cockatoo of the northern, Moluccas (Fig. 4). (ii) C. moluccensis. The Rose-crested Moluccan Cockatoo » of the southern Moluccas (Fig. 5) . (iii) C. ophthalmica. The Blue-eyed Cockatoo of New Britain < (Fig. 6). Sub-genus 2. — C. eucacatua Mathews 1917. (Type P. galeritus Latham, original designation). Colour white ; bill black with exposed cere. Crest long with up-curving filamented feathers which open lengthwise over the head. Species (i) galerita (Figs. 7-8). (ii) sulphurea Their habitat extends through Australia, New Guinea, and the surrounding islands across to the islands of the Timor Sea. The Greater Sulphur-crested, galerita , includes the Triton Cockatoo of New Guinea, of which form Peters listed no less than five sub-species. Mayr has made a careful study of these birds and came to the con¬ clusion that although individual specimens do vary in size or shape of bill to slight degree, these differences were not constant, nor related to any particular geographic distribution. Fie therefore combined them once more as one sub-species, Cacatua galerita triton Temminck, adding, “ without forgetting that they differ in size considerably.” This might be a more satisfactory plan to adopt with the three Australian sub¬ species, which again are all very similar, only varying in size of bill or body size or length of wing. The skins found in museums are almost impossible to separate definitely into distinct geographic races according to their labels. Of the Lesser Sulphur-crested Cockatoos, sulphurea , only one is readily distinguished by the characteristic colour of the crest, namely the Citron- or Orange-crested Cockatoo of Sumba, citrino-cristata. The remaining five sub-species are island races, varying slightly in size, but being insular types they are not subject to geographic overlapping and there would be little likelihood of intergrading to make distinction more difficult. E. N. T. VANE - SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE CACATUINAE Genus II. — Lophochroa Bonaparte Species i. — Lophochroa leadbeateri (Vigors). Body colour white with deep pink suffusion on underparts ; crest again long and up-curving with filamented feathers when erect. The bill is whitish and the cere covered with small feathers. Leadbeater’s (Major Mitchell’s, Pink Cockatoos, etc.) appear to stand between the black-billed, bare-cered white cockatoos and the short- crested, whitish-billed, covered-cered cockatoos, having affinity to both. Their territory is confined to the continent of Australia, where four races are recognized ; all very similar (Fig. 9). Genus III. — Eolophus Bonaparte Sub-genus 1. — Eolophus Bonaparte 1854. The body colour of this sub-genus is grey on the upper parts and rose-pink on the under parts. The crest is shorter and lies close to the crown when depressed. Bill white, cere covered with small feathers. The well-known Roseate Cockatoos of Australia (Galahs) were, in Boetticher’s opinion, entitled to sub-generic rank and he placed them under Ducorpsius Bonaparte 1857, but Eolophus takes priority if the two are to be united. Their unusual colour would, indeed, seem to justify segregation. Three sub-species or geographic races are listed. Sub- genus 2. — Ducorpsius Bonaparte. Body colour white. Otherwise similar characteristics as above. Species (i) E. ducorps (Bonaparte), Ducorp’s Cockatoo from the Solomons (Fig. 11). (ii) E. sanguinea (Gould), Goffin’s Cockatoo from Tenimber (Fig. 12) and the Bare-eyed Cockatoo from Australia, where three races are recognized (Fig. 10). (iii) E. hrematuropygia (Muller) from the Philippines. Trans¬ ferred from Peters’ Kakatoe. Genus IV. — Licmetis Wagler The characteristics of this genus resemble those of the foregoing, with the exception of the unique bill which has the upper mandible greatly elongated. This has an apparent use to enable the bird to unearth certain roots which form part of its diet. It is confined to Australia, where two local races are recognized under one species (Fig. 13). One other doubtful problem remains. Should the Cockatiel, Nymphicus hollandicus , be classified as a member of the Cacatuinae ? Boetticher thinks not, he would prefer to return it to the Platycercinae. However, the position is doubtful. No broadtail cock ever shares incubation duties with his hen, yet all the Cacatuinae do so. Again, Dr. F. H. Glenny is carrying out considerable research into the classi¬ fication of the parrots by anatomical characteristics — the clavicles and carotid artery formula — and he still places the Cockatiel with the 1 6 E. N. T. VANE - SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE GACATUINAE cockatoos. Pending some further valid reason to justify another change over, it seems more satisfactory from present knowledge to leave the Gockatiel among the cockatoos. Classification proposed : — Sub-family Cacatuin^e. — The Cockatoos Black Cockatoos Genus : Probosciger Kuhl. Species : aterrimus (races : aterrimus , alecto , goliath , stenolophus, intermedius) . Genus : Calyptorhyncus Desmarest. Sub- genus : Calyptorhyncus Desmarest. Species : magnijicus (races : magnificus , macrorhyncus, naso , samueli) . j Sub- genus : /panda Mathews. Species : baudinii (races : baudinii, latirostris (?)). funereus. Sub- genus : Harrisornis Mathews. Species : lathami. Genus : Callocephalon Lesson. Species : jimbriatum (races : jimbriatum , superior .) White Cockatoos Genus : Cacaiua Brisson. Sub- genus : Cacatua Brisson. Species : alba. moluccensis. ophthalmica. Sub- genus : Eucacatua Mathews. Species : galerita (races : galerita, Jitzroyi, rosinte , triton). sulphurea (sulphur ea, djampeana , abbotti , occidentalism citrino- cristata, parvula ) . Genus : Lophochroa Bonaparte. Species : leadbeateri (races : leadbeateri , mungi, mollis , superflua). Genus : Eolophus Bonaparte. Sub- genus : Eolophus Bonaparte. Species : roseicapilla (races : roseicapilla , kuhli , howei). Sub- genus : Ducorpsius Bonaparte. Species : ducorps.* sanguinea (races : sanguinea, subdistincta, ashbyi, goffini). hcematuropygia. Genus : Licmetis Wagler. Species : tenuirostris (races : tenuirostris, pastinator ) . Genus : Nymphicus Wagler. Species : hollandicus. * Peters spells this ducrops, but the text he quotes refers to a plate entitled Ducorps, which was rather obviously intended and also was prior to the text. Avic. Mag. 1959. lllISfliil ■HP Copyright] [ H . Poulst A Pair of Snowy Owls at the Copenhagen Zoo and Their Young, Hatched in June, 1958. H. POULSEN - BREEDING OF THE SNOWY OWL 17 BREEDING OF THE SNOWY OWL By H. Poulsen (Copenhagen, Denmark) In August, 1949, the Copenhagen Zoo got eight young Snowy Owls from Greenland. Four of them were presented to other zoos and four birds remained in our zoo and later on proved to be two pairs. Each pair was kept in its own aviary and we hoped that at least one of them would breed. Sometimes in spring one female was seen sitting in a corner of the aviary giving soft, clucking notes. We thought it was an indication of breeding, but no eggs were laid. Last winter we changed the females hoping that the new pairs would breed. Unfortunately after a short time one female died. In late April we saw the other female frequently sitting in a corner of the aviary and in the middle of May she had eggs. We do not know exactly when the first egg was laid as we would not disturb her, but on 1 8th April there were two eggs. The eggs were laid on alternate days until there were six round white eggs. The female started to sit constantly on the eggs when the second egg was laid and she carried out the incubation alone. No nest was made, the female had only made a depression in the sand. In the middle of June one young hatched. In all three young hatched, the other eggs were addled. We do not know exactly when the first young hatched as we would not disturb the female, but the average incubation period is stated to be thirty- three days. The three Snowy Owls were the first ones to be reared in our garden. The owls are fed once a day with dead white rats, and the male brought the food to the sitting female, passing it to her or laying it at the nest. The young were fed by the female only while in the nest, and by both parents after they left at about three weeks old. The parents tore out small pieces of the rats and fed them to the gaping young. At first the young had white down and when about two months old they had their juvenile plumage and could fly. At present they resemble the female, having white feathers with more or less brown bars. The old male is pure white with a few brown spots and bars on the upperside. The Snowy Owls are the most attractive owls in our collection, on account of their beautiful white plumage, their golden eyes, and because they are largely diurnal. They can, however, be seen sitting motionless for hours only now and then fixating flying birds. Snowy Owls are usually silent, especially outside the breeding season ; I have, however, heard the male’s hooting, and low cackling notes from the female when showing pre-coition display and low clucking when sitting on the eggs. Further, I have heard cheeping whistles from the owlets when begging for food with swaying heads and 1 8 J. DELAGOUR BIRD NEWS FROM CLERES AND LOS ANGELES flapping wings. When one enters the aviary and an owl is forced back it snaps the bill and hisses with lowered body, extended wings, and raised body-feathers. * * * BIRD NEWS FROM CLARES AND LOS ANGELES, 1958 By J. Delacour (Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.) Despite the wet and cold weather which prevailed through the spring and summer at Cleres, a satisfactory number of waterfowl and game-birds have been reared in 1958. The young geese suffered somewhat from the excess of rain, but some Magellan, Ashy-headed, Emperors, and Snows survived. The ducks were more successful, as they were kept indoors and without bathing water until they started feathering, a method which proves very satisfactory in wet years. Among them are three Sharp-winged, four Versicolor, two Cape Teal, four Hawaiian, nine Philippine Mallards, four White-eyes, and fairly large numbers of Bahama, Common Pintails, American and Chiloe Wigeons, Black Ducks, Shovellers, Cinnamon Teal, Red-heads, Rosy bills, Red-crested Pochards, Carolinas, and Mandarins ; four Southern Pochards were the first bred at Cleres. A special mention should be made of a pair of Brazilian Teal, wild caught birds, of the lesser sub-species, which had lived at Cleres for seven years without laying ; this year the female laid four clutches and twenty-three young were reared. Twenty Spicifer and seven white Peafowl were raised as well as a few common ones, and Wild Turkeys. There were five Red Jungle- fowl ; eight Blue Eared, four Versicolor, seven Elliot’s, three Mikado Pheasants ; two White-crested, seven Horsfield’s, five Swinhoe’s Kalijs ; six Cheer ; one Grey Peacock Pheasant, and five Siamese Firebacks, as well as Goldens, Amhersts, and Melanistic Pheasants. Pairs of Palawan and Bronze-tailed Peacock Pheasants have been added to the collection, as well as Edwards’ and Brown Eared Pheasants sent from America for a welcome change of blood. A number of Lovebirds of different species also bred ; Fischer’s in particular, of which we keep about twenty pairs in a large grassy aviary, produce over a hundred young every year. A number of Toucans, Rollers, Starlings, and other exotic birds have been recently acquired as well as Lories and other parrots, and the collection keeps growing. My Los Angeles aviaries now number sixteen. I found that doves and finches bred better if fewer pairs were kept together. For reasons of overcrowding, no Mountain Witches, Bleeding-hearts, Bartlett’s, J. DELACOUR - BIRD NEWS FROM CLERES AND LOS ANGELES 1 9 Chiriquis, and Blue-headed Ground Pigeons have been reared this year. I hope they will do better now that such pairs have been isolated from other large doves. On the other hand, one pair of the rare and nearly extinct Grey-headed (G. caniceps) has reared five, one egg per clutch ; one pair of montana , eight ; one pair of martinica, four ; Brush Bronze-wings, three. Small doves have done well : eight Blue ( pretiosa ), twelve Peruvian, four Cape, eight Pigmy, and many Diamond Doves. A happy surprise was the rearing of a young bird by a pair of Moustache Ground Pigeons (G. mystaceo ), a now very rare species from the Lesser Antilles, after six years of sterility. In the same large aviary, a similar accomplishment was performed by a pair of Philippine Pheasant- tailed Doves, also after six years of inaction. One must never lose patience with birds ! Jamaican Violet-necked Doves also reared two young. The various finches, much overcrowded, did not do very well, the only interesting happening being the rearing of three Australian Blood Finches (P. phaeton ). Besides many beautiful Tanagers and Sugar Birds, which I have mentioned before, newcomers worthy of notice are a pair of the beautiful Orange-breasted Green Cotingas ( Pipreola jucunda) and a male of Rieffer’s (P. riefferii) from Colombia, several Long-tailed Manakins from Costa Rica, and ten Sunbirds sent from Kenya and presented to me by Mr. Maurice Machris ( JVectarinia johnstoni, N. famosa, jV. tacazze, JV*. pulchella). These Sunbirds do very well out¬ doors the year round in the mild climate of Southern California. Each pair, or individual, is kept in a different aviary which they share with doves, finches, and many other birds, even Humming Birds (Black- chinned and Costa’s). The latter and the Sunbirds are fed on a mixture of honey and beef extract, which does not spoil before twenty- four hours, adding to this diet small insects, which are rather scarce in the winter but abundant during the warmer months. It is amusing to witness the incessant chase they give them. Ringed Teal, Hooded Mergansers and Ruddy Ducks now live on the stream. The American Flamingos, which had become hopelessly white through lack of carotene, have now regained their full pink colour since carrot juice (preserved) and grated fresh beet have been added to the soaked biscuit. It was interesting to notice that a pink suffusion was already showing after a few weeks, apparently without a moult. 20 H. WACKERNAGEL - COLOUR FEEDING OF CAROTENOIDS IN BIRDS SOME RESULTS WITH COLOUR FEEDING OF CAROTENOIDS IN BIRDS AT THE BASEL ZOOLOGIGAL GARDEN By Hans Wackernagel (Basel, Switzerland) It is known that most of the yellow, orange and red pigments of the bird’s skin and plumage are carotenoids. It is further known that these i carotenoids are not synthesized by the bird. They have to be present in the food and are merely deposited in the bird’s body either unchanged or transformed to a certain degree. These findings account for the much regretted fact that so many birds which are brilliantly coloured in nature fade in captivity. The bird-keeper who wants to retain these colours in his captive animals is faced with the problem of finding; the right carotenoids and supplying them in adequate amounts to the; birds in his care. In the Basel Zoo work was started on these problems in 1956 and a few experiments in this field are worth mentioning. The most satisfying results were obtained in a group of Sunbirds (Nectariniidae) of East Africa. Here we added to the liquid food, which consists of a solution of honey, meat extract, condensed milk, and vitamins in water, > the synthetic carotenoid, canthaxanthin, from the firm F. Hoffmann- La Roche and Co., Ltd., Basel.1 This deep orange-red carotenoid, which occurs in nature in the mushroom cantharellus was used in a 1 per cent stabilized dry form. A small quantity (the amount held on j the point of a knife) was dissolved in \ litre of liquid. The following birds responded to this supplementation of their food. After moulting on canthaxanthin a male Beautiful Sunbird ( Nectarinia pulchella) developed a good breeding plumage with the red patch in the centre of the chest. This red patch, however, was not so red as in nature, but seemed to be just canthaxanthin-coloured. At the time of writing this bird is again in its non-breeding plumage. Before the use of canthaxanthin its breast patch was only dull brownish in colour. The second bird to respond was a male Variable Sunbird ( Cinnyris venustus jalkensteini) . After the moult its breast and belly, which had been whitish, became golden-yellow. This is, as can be ascertained by the illustration in C. W. Mackworth-Praed and C. H. B. Grant’s Birds of Eastern and North-Eastern Africa and by a skin in the Basel Museum, just the natural colour. In this case the bird transformed the orange canthaxanthin into a yellow compound apparently natural to this race. The last case was a female Scarlet-chested Sunbird ( Chalcomitra 1 cf. Steinegger, P., Streiff, K., and Zeller, P. : Pigmentation of Egg Yolks and Broilers by the Addition of Synthetic Carotenoids to the Poultry Feed. Mitteilungen aus dem Gebiete der Lebensmitteluntersuchung und Hygiene , Vol. 48, 1957, No. 6, published by the Eidg. Gesundheitsamt, Bern, Switzerland. THE ORNAMENTAL PHEASANT REGISTRY 21 \ senegalensis) . This bird died and an immediate examination revealed quite clearly that the body fat was dyed orange. Dr. A. Winterstein of the firm F. Hoffmann-La Roche and Co., Ltd., was so kind as to examine the specimen further. He found 50^ of unchanged canthaxan- thin in the adipose tissue by way of chromatographic and spectroscopic determination. The plumage of the female Scarlet-chested Sunbird is of olivaceous colour and does not display any yellow or red. It can be mentioned here that Mr. G. Glatt, Birsfelden, Switzerland, has had quite spectacular results by using canthaxanthin in the food for red Canaries (Hybrid Canary X Red Siskin, Spinus cucullatus) . To another foodstuff, a fat-soluble extract from alfalfa (commercial product), which is rich in yellow carotenoids, two species, which always faded badly up to the present time, reacted favourably. These are the Scarlet Cock of the Rock ( Rupicola peruviana sanguinolenta) and the Scarlet Ibis ( Endocimus rubra). They are each represented by one individual at the Basel Zoo. The addition of the above-mentioned extract to their food produced a very marked deepening, although no full development, of the red colour of their plumage. Finally, a visible improvement in colour was attained in the Basel group of Flamingos. These birds profited from a supplementation of their food with a Scottish seaweed meal. The cause of this improve¬ ment is not yet clear. It could be the carotenoid fucoxanthin which is still present in fresh seaweed meal. Seaweed meal which has been stored for a long time does not seem to have any effect. We tried this seaweed meal since other foodstuffs rich in red carotenoids, e.g. fresh crustaceans, were not available in large quantities. Recent observations point to the fact that alfalfa extract probably gives a favourable effect, too. * * * THE ORNAMENTAL PHEASANT REGISTRY Reynolds Farm, Great Witchingham, Norwich, Norfolk Registrar : Philip Wayre The response to the registration forms sent out in the May-June issue of the Avicultural Magazine has been good. Most collections have now been recorded, although a few forms are still coming in. From the following table it at once becomes apparent that there are really only adequate stocks existing in this country of the four common species of pheasants, Silver, Reeves’, Golden, and Lady Amherst’s. Of the rarer species the few that are left are highly inbred and no amount of re-mating amongst existing collections can rectify this. The number of representative collections in the British Isles at the moment probably does not exceed half a dozen and it is clear that unless something constructive is done in the very near future many 22 THE ORNAMENTAL PHEASANT REGISTRY forms will cease to exist in this country. Where these birds are also scarce in their natural range, their extinction cannot be long delayed unless numbers are artificially propagated. Pheasant breeders in the United States of America are, of course, doing wonderful work in the propagation of certain species, but this does not remove the threat of extinction from several forms. Species. Satyr Tragopan Temminck’s Tragopan Himalayan Monal . Black Kalij Black-breasted Kalij Nepal Kalij . White-crested Kalij . Silver .... Edwards’ Pheasant . Imperial Pheasant . Swinhoe’s Pheasant. Vieillot’s Crested Fireback Siamese Fireback Bornean Fireback . Blue Eared Pheasant Brown Eared Pheasant Cheer Pheasant Elliot’s Pheasant Mikado Pheasant . Scintillating Copper Pheasant. Reeves’ Pheasant Golden Pheasant Lady Amherst’s Pheasant . Grey Peacock Pheasant . N. Sumatran Bronze-tailed Peacock Pheasant. The Crested Argus . Green Peafowl Black-winged Peafowl White Peafowl Californian Quail . Chinese Painted Quail Bob White Quail Rain Quail Indian Chukor Persian Chukor Indian Painted Partridge . Uganda Crested Guinea Fowl. Sclater’s Guinea Fowl Vulturine Guinea Fowl . Sonnerat’s Jungle Fowl . Ceylon Jungle Fowl Common Jungle Fowl Tragopan satyra Tragopan temmincki Lophophorus impejanus Lophura leucomelana moffitti Lophura leucomelana lathami Lophura leucomelana leucomelana Lophura leucomelana hamiltoni Lophura nycthemera nycthemera Lophura edwardsi Lophura imperialis Lophura swinhoii Lophura rufa Lophura diardi Lophura ignita Crossoptilon auritum Crossoptilon mantchuricum Catreus wallichi Syrmaticus ellioti Syrmaticus mikado Syrmaticus soemmerringi scintillans Syrmaticus reevesi Chrysolophus pictus Chrysolophus amherstw Polyplectron bicalcaratum Polyplectron chalcurum scutulatum Rheinartia ocellata Pavo muticus Pavo cristatus Pavo cristatus Lophortyx calif ornica Excalf actoria c. chinensis Colinus virgininus Coturnix coromandelica Alectoris gueca chukar Alec tor is graca werce Francolinus pictus Guttera edouardi sethsmithi Guttera edouardi sclateri Acryllium vulturinum Gallus sonnerati Gallus lafayettii Gallus g. gallus No. of Un- collec¬ M. F. sexed. tions. i 1 13 1 1 19 9 16 12 14 1 1 4 2 4 6 6 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 12 144 30 42 U 13 8 1 1 1 1 43 56 21 27 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 21 20 5 14 5 5 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 12 7 21 10 9 7 20 1 1 1 1 7 7i 89 12 34 271 237 54 59 87 107 42 46 5 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 10 3 1 1 5 40 25 10 15 1 1 1 5 1 4 16 20 11 14 1 1 1 3 5 2 3 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 6 12 4 1 4 2 5 1 1 1 The numbers of Common Jungle Fowl are not included, since it is felt that none are pure bred with the exception of the one male in the London Zoo. LONDON ZOO NOTES 23 THE EXCHANGE AND MART SCHEME I would like to remind members that subscriptions to the scheme are now due and should be sent to me at “ The Malt House, Barford, Warwickshire The subscription is 5^. per annum expiring on the 31st day of December in each year. Full details of the scheme were set out in the January-February, 1958, number but if any member of the Society wishes to obtain par¬ ticulars, I will willingly forward them. Members of the scheme are entitled to send in to me as often as necessary lists of birds wanted or for sale or exchange by them, and I will do my best to put them in touch with others who may have the birds they seek or want the birds they have for exchange or disposal. Last year quite a number of members of the Society joined and many took advantage of the offers, but to make the scheme the success which everyone hopes it will be many new members are required. It is, therefore, up to the members of the Society to give their support generously. This year the colour plate fund has benefited by £3 gs. 3 d., the surplus income. Claude M. Payne. * * * LONDON ZOO NOTES By J. J. Yealland David Attenborough and Charles Lagus returned from their “ Zoo Quest ” to Paraguay on 18th December, and in addition to some mammals, reptiles and amphibians they brought four young White- crested Guans (Pipile jacutinga), a. Crested Cariama ( Cariama cristata ), two young Maximilian’s Parrots, two Canary-winged Parrakeets, and a Magellan Eagle-Owl, the whole collection being presented by the B.B.C. Television Service. A Mikado and an Elliot’s Pheasant have been presented by the Leckford Estates, Ltd., a Painted Quail by Mr. P. L. Wayre, three Speckled Pigeons by Mr. I. M. Walker, one of the West African Green Pigeons ( Treron australis ; also known as T. calva) by the Rev. R. Gates, and a Formosan Black Bulbul ( Microscelis nigerrimus) , new to the collection, by Mr. J. R. Newmark. Two Ashy-headed Geese, bred at St. James’ Park, have been received in exchange. Two Black-footed Penguins have been hatched and the Cereopsis Geese that reared two young last winter are nesting again. 24 BRITISH AVIGULTURISTS5 CLUB BRITISH AVIGULTURISTS5 CLUB The sixty-fifth meeting of the Club was held at the Rembrandt Hotel, Thurloe Place, South Kensington, on Monday, 12th January, 1959, following a dinner at 7 p.m. Chairman : K. A. Norris. Members of the Club : Miss J. Barnes, A. W. Bolton, Miss K. Bonner, W. D. Cummings, J. O. D’eath, B. Dittrich, Squadron-Leader C. Everitt, Mrs. C. Everitt, Miss R. Ezra, Colonel H. B. Finch, Dr. E. F. Gleadow, Dr. R. Gottlieb, H. J. Harman, L. W. Hill, Major E. F. Housden, F. E. B. Johnson, M. Kendall, Miss E. M. Knobel, Miss M. H. Knobel-Harman, Dr. F. B. Lake, A. J. Lambert, P. H. Maxwell, F. Mosford, G. S. Mottershead, S. Murray, A. A. Prestwich, D. M. Reid-Henry, R. C. J. Sawyer, T. Spence, E. O. Squire, Newton R. Steel, P. Sutton, E. N. T. Vane, Mrs. E. N. T. Vane, C. H. Wastell, Mrs. C. H. Wastell, J. J. Yealland. Members of the Club, 38 ; guests, 24 ; total, 62. The Chairman welcomed four overseas visitors : Mr. Jiri Felix, Chief Zoologist at the Prague Zoo, Mr. Zdenek Veger, President of the Association of Exotic Bird Breeders of Czechoslovakia, Mr. Howard Jarman, sometime President, Avicultural Society of South Australia, and Mr. Paul Hansen, of Odense. Mr. Philip Wayre showed two coloured films, “ The Gyr-Falcon in Iceland ” and “ Barnacle Geese in South Uist The first was made in the north-east of Iceland in the summer of 1956, in collaboration with Dr. Gordon Jolly. It opens with views taken on the road from Reykjavik to Akureyri, followed by shots of Harlequin Ducks, Long-tailed Ducks, Eiders and Red-necked Phalarope. These sequences are followed by shots taken from a hide at a Gyr-Falcons’ eyrie in the Odadahraun Desert. Seven eyries were found of which four were definitely and five probably occupied. The film includes sequences of both birds at the nest and feeding the young. There are also shots of Ptarmigan at the nest, taken in the same area. This is believed to be the first full-length film on the Iceland Gyr- Falcon to be produced. The second film deals mainly with the flocks of Barnacle Geese wintering on the Machair of South Uist, but also includes sequences of Grey-lag Geese, Curlews, Dunlin, Whooper Swans and other birds in the area. The Chairman, himself well known for his photographic studies of birds, was able to use his expert knowledge to summarize the highlights. The quality and interest may be judged from his remark that he understood Miss Phyllis Barclay-Smith, unavoidably absent, had seen these films seven times and would, doubtlessly, be disappointed at missing the present showing. NEWS AND VIEWS 25 The very unpleasant weather conditions prevented quite a number of regular members from attending. A great pity as they missed seeing two really remarkable films. The next meeting of the Club is on Monday, 9th March, 1959. Arthur A. Prestwich, Hon. Secretary. * * * NEWS AND VIEWS Members will be delighted to learn that Dr. Edward Hindle has had a glacier named in his honour — Hindle Glacier, South Georgia. * * * Breeding reports, 1958. Mrs. Ruth Goodbrand, British Columbia, Gouldians nested in an old jam tin and reared four black-headed young ; Green Singing Finches reared six. M. Scott Henderson, Mandarin Mynahs hatched three young, reared one. F. E. B. Johnson, three Temminck’s Tragopans and twelve Elliot’s Pheasants. Dr. K. G. Rothwell, one King Parrakeet (see 1958, 149). * * * It is pleasing to note that three of the four 1958 awards of the American Pheasant Society were awarded to members* of our Society. Master Breeder’s Award for Pheasant Culture, *Dr. D. S. Newill. Master Breeder’s Award for Waterfowl Culture, Elmer Heft. Master Breeder’s Award for Partridges and Doves, * Jerome Buteyn. Achievement Award, *Jean Delacour. * * * The Bronze Medal of the Avicultural Society of South Australia has been awarded to H. J. Key for the first breeding of the Spur¬ winged Plover Lobibyx novae-hollandiae , and to W. Curl for breeding the Pin-tailed Whydah (St. Helena Waxbills as foster-parents). The Simon Harvey Memorial Medal for the outstanding breeding achievement of the 1957-58 season was awarded to H. J. Key for his success with the Spur-winged Plover. * * * In spite of really adverse weather — the temperature exceeded 70 0 on only three occasions during the whole summer — Sir Crawford McCullagh, Bart., experienced quite a satisfactory breeding season. The following young parrakeets were fully reared : 6 Many- coloured, 12 Red-rumped (7 normal, 5 yellow), 6 Bauer’s, 6 Splendid, 3 Elegant, 1 Bourke’s, 1 Princess of Wales’s, 3 Rock Pebblers, 5 Layard’s, 1 Plum-headed, 1 lutino Ring-necked, 1 Yellow-bellied X Yellow-rumped hybrid ; and Lovebirds — 6 Nyasa, 5 Peach-faced, 7 Masked (6 normal, 1 blue). 26 NEWS AND VIEWS After over six years Kenneth Smith has relinquished his position of Superintendent of Paignton Zoological and Botanical Gardens to build a new Zoo Park at Trinity, Jersey, Channel Islands, in con¬ junction with Gerald Durrell, who is at present in the Argentine on another of his collecting expeditions. The Zoo, which will not be ready for public opening until Easter, should prove a great attraction on the island. Tropical bird and parrot houses are included in the lay-out. * ❖ * Brian C. Turner sends further news of his Virginian Cardinals (see 1957, 175). He writes : “Again this past season resulted in two nests. In the case of the first three young hatched from three eggs. One youngster soon disappeared and the remaining two died (or were killed) before fledging. The second nest had three eggs, one of which I placed in a Greenfinches’ nest. This egg hatched but the chick died within twenty-four hours. The other two eggs hatched but again were only alive for about a week. Unfortunately the hen Cardinal broke a leg and died last month.” * * * L. J. Praill is a comparative newcomer to aviculture, but within just a few years he has built up one of the most extensive collections of psittacine birds in the country. During the past breeding season nearly 200 young of some twenty-five species were reared. This certainly augurs well for 1959 ! The full results are : 11 Pennant’s, 1 Crimson-winged, 1 Barnard’s, 3 Bauer’s, 3 Rock Pebbler, 9 Mealy Rosella, 5 Red Rosella, 2 Golden-mantled Rosella, 15 Bourke’s, 7 Turquoisine, 3 Elegant, 9 Splendid, 30 Red-rumped, 5 Stanley, 5 Cockatiel, 1 Golden-crowned Conure, 10 Red-bellied Conure, 1 Ring-necked (split-lutino) ; Lovebirds — 30 Black-cheeked, 1 1 Nyasa, 15 Peach-faced, 1 Masked, 5 Madagascar, 11 Fischer’s. A pair of Brown’s hatched three, but let them die when they were ten days old. * * ❖ P. E. Schneider, San Gabriel, California, reports : “ My out¬ standing success this past breeding season was the rearing of ten Rock Peplar or Regent Parrakeets from three pairs. One pair was 1957 hatched and was only eleven months old when they had three young in the nest. I have found that the easiest and earliest method of sexing young Regents is by the culmen. fThe young males are brighter, glossier, and smoother. The young females are duller in colour, not as shining, and a rougher culmen. I have never seen this fact recorded anywhere.” NEWS AND VIEWS 27 Mrs. Feme Hubbell, San Diego, California, writes : “ Success at last ! Our Pionus menstruus hatched three babies. One was very weak and soon died, another they let get cold, and between the parents and myself we have a lovely bird four months old — hatched 26th July. It is now on its own. We have it in the house and it is starting to talk. There is very little blue on the head or neck ; just a few pink feathers under the tail. The Blue-and-yellow Macaws had their usual two babies ; four Alexandrines from one nest ; four Plum-heads from one nest, with one male half blue. Our Lineolated nested four times, hatching some sixteen babies ; four pied Cockatiels ; two baby Rosy-br easts.” * * * The Rev. J. R. Lowe reports an interesting experience with a pair of Half-masked Weavers or, as he refers to them, Ruppell’s Weavers. In late August the male began to weave a nest with fresh, broad grass blades : it was suspended from the wire-netting roof of an open flight. The female took no interest in the weaving, which was com¬ pleted in about the second week of September, nor did she appear to examine the nest until it had turned from green to brown. The entrance to the nest was from below, and the nest cavity was to the right in the form of a pouch. Consequently, it was very difficult to determine what was happening inside. The first of four or five eggs was laid probably on the 16th. On 3rd October examination with a finger revealed no eggs but a mass of young. The female fed well, using many mealworms : the male did not visit the nest or take any interest. The weather was appalling, continuous heavy rainstorms. Some protection was provided by a sack fastened to the roof of the flight, but the nest was frequently covered with raindrops which ran down the sides. The nest was not lined in any way, but the weaving had been beautifully done and was very strong and efficient. Unfortunately, after a stormy night on the 5th-6th a young one was found to have been thrown out of the nest. * * * Joel Kuperberg, Manager of the Caribbean Gardens, Naples, Florida, sends some notes of a near-success with Screamers. He writes : “ During the week ending 24th October, a pair of Black¬ necked Screamers ( Chauna chavaria) took up housekeeping in a nest of their building. This nest had been constructed atop a 30 ft. pine tree within full view of the public visiting our attraction. Nesting began about 24th October ; apparently only two eggs were laid. On or about 18th November the parent(s) were first observed feeding by regurgitation (as best could be observed from the ground). The young leaped or were pushed from the nest (as with Wood Ducks) on 28th November. There were two young ; no sign of 28 NEWS AND VIEWS egg-shell or other eggs was found in the nest. The “ chicks ” crossed about 150 feet of ground, thrashed across a 20 ft. canal, and took up residence on an island in our waterbird pond. The parents remained with them at all times. The young were feeding on vegetation immediately after reaching the island. The chicks were described by our aviculturist, Mr. Ralph Currier, as yellow, down-covered (no evidence of “ quills ”), flightless, and non-swimming (actually having negotiated the water in a most unswimming-like manner !). Early on the morning of 2nd December, one of the young was found, freshly dead, within the 8 ft. diameter “ corral ” we had constructed for their protection. Death may have been due to the crushing force of a parent Screamer’s foot. Currier removed the other chick immediately, and hand-raised it in our incubator house. This survivor appeared to be flourishing on a diet of grass (which was consumed in prodigious quantities), high protein meal, and mineral supplements. It was found dead on the morning of nth December. We certainly hated to lose the little fellow ! Mr. Currier has hope that the parents will attempt another nesting in the near future as they have mated several times since the loss of their young.” * * * Members will wish to congratulate very heartily Alec Guinness on the Knighthood that was conferred on him in the New Year Honours List. * * * Warmest congratulations, too, to Major E. F. Housden on the award of an O.B.E. It is interesting to note that he now joins his brother Dr. Leslie Housden who already has an O.B.E. They are, of course, sons of the late J. B. Housden, one of the fifty-two Original Members of the Society and first Auditor. The third generation of the family is represented by Dr. Leslie’s son Edwin, at present a District Officer in Barotseland Protectorate. A. A. P. REVIEWS 29 REVIEWS CAGE BIRDS IN COLOUR. By J. J. Yealland. H. F. and G. Witherby, Ltd., London, 1958. Price 9^. 6d. net. The title-page of this book is somewhat misleading for it was trans¬ lated and adapted from the Danish text written by G. Mandahl-Barth ; the name of the translator is not mentioned. The illustrations, all in colour, are from paintings by Henning Athon and 157 species are depicted ; the majority show males in breeding dress, but in a number of species the females are also included. A general dissertation on the care of cage-birds is followed by notes on the species under review ; these include a description of the range and habitat, and food, nests and eggs in the wild with some information concerning the birds in captivity. This book is attractively presented and the process used for the illustrations is most effective. P. B-S. A STUDY OF BLACKBIRDS. By D. W. Snow. George Allen and Unwin, Ltd., London, 1958. Price 21s. net. Dr. Snow has for four years made a close, thorough, and compre¬ hensive study of the Blackbirds in the Oxford Botanic Garden, an area which is urban at one end and almost rural at the other. As he states in the introduction to his book A Study of Blackbirds , during this time he was able to collect information on nearly a hundred colour- ringed birds of each sex living in or near the Botanic Garden, and, of these, the histories of about forty birds of each sex were recorded in some detail. It is specifically stated that the book does not set out to be a mono¬ graph, but it certainly contains a wealth of information about this familiar bird and deals with plumage and moults, food and feeding habits, threatening and fighting, pair-formation and pair-bond, and care of the fledged young, to mention only a few aspects. In the chapter on “ Breeding Success ” Dr. Snow mentions the various hazards to eggs and young and found that exactly 50 per cent of the nests started in the Botanic Garden and immediate surroundings produced fledged young. Carrion Crows were the chief enemy, but cats not so serious, and the author mentions that, though this was not the case in the Botanic Garden, small boys are important egg-predators of suburban Blackbirds in some areas. The illustrations, by Robert Gillmor, whose work is already known to the readers of the Avicultural Magazine, are delightful. * * * P. B-S. 3° CORRESPONDENCE ENCOUNTERS WITH ANIMALS. By Gerald Durrell. Rupert Hart-Davis, London, 1958. Price 16 s. net. This book is mainly a collection of amusing and sharply observed glimpses of some of the more curious creatures occurring in the con¬ tinents of Africa and America. It is divided into four parts, background for animals, animals in general, animals in particular, and the human animal. The first part contains accounts of the succession of life observed respectively in the “ Black Bush 55 of West Africa and the Lily-Trotter Lake in British Guiana and includes an entertaining description of the way a Jacana mother protected her brood from a Cayman. The second part deals with animal courtships, animal architects, animal warfare, animal inventors, and vanishing animals. Aviculturists will find the descriptions of courtship in the King Bird of Paradise and the Satin Bower-bird of special interest, also the chapter on animal architects and the way some of the more remarkable birds’ nests are constructed. As might be expected, the greater part of the book is concerned with mammals, but these charming stories will appeal to naturalists of all kinds as well as to the general reader. The excellent illustrations are executed by Ralph Thompson. E. H. * * * CORRES PONDENCE MANED GEESE I was most interested to read Mr. J. C. Laidlay’s article in the recent issue of the Magazine, more particularly as I was one of the many people who were not lucky enough to acquire a pair of the goslings. One of his remarks has given me food for thought and might well provoke discussion among those of us who keep waterfowl. I quote : “ waterfowl usually do not breed successfully when closely related and if the practice is continued over a period of years, complete infertility results.” It is well known that wild geese in a state of nature tend to remain in family parties in between breeding seasons. That is to say the Pink-foot goslings hatched last spring will have migrated south with their parents and will remain with them, barring accidents, until next spring when the old pair return north to start another family. It would, therefore, appear very likely that in the wild state a large number of pairs are, in fact, brother and sister. It would be most interesting to have the Wildfowl Trusts’ view on this point. It must surely be the case also that when one acquires a pair of ducks or geese (I am speaking only about the ornamental varieties, not domestic breeds) from one of the establishments which breed them, it will be the rule rather than the exception that a brother and sister pair will be sent. In the rarer species, like Maned Geese, where very few are bred each year, this must surely be self-evident. I shall be most interested to hear any comments from other members on these points. Undercliff, A. W. E. Fletcher. 136 Chester Road, Helsby, Cheshire. CORRESPONDENCE 31 COLOURS OF MALE AND FEMALE WHITE-CAPPED REDSTART, LOSS OF RED COLOUR BY BIRDS IN CAPTIVITY, FOOD FOR LORIKEETS I have just read Dr. Searle’s most interesting letter in our Magazine. I can assure him that the cock and hen White-capped Redstart are alike in plumage. I watched a pair of these lovely birds feeding their young in a nest among rocks by the side of a mountain stream at a place called Gulmarg above Srinagar in Kashmir, and both birds appeared alike, but what a pity to keep these lovely birds in captivity at all. In Dr. Vevers’ letter on the loss of red colour by birds in captivity, I was particularly interested in the statement that some red browns owe their colour to melanins for Red : Avadavats sometimes go black in captivity, but how can we keep the red ? Many years ! ago I wrote a letter to our Magazine on melanism in Avadavats in captivity. So far as the loss of red in Bulbuls is concerned, does not the correspondence show how unwise 1 it is to generalize and say “ Bulbuls do or do not lose their red in captivity ”. I must have seen hundreds of Red-cheeked Bulbuls wild and have kept many in captivity and my experience is that the red on the cheek of the Bulbul becomes lighter and the area of colour smaller in birds kept in cages. It would probably help members if Mr. Boosey would tell us the conditions under which he kept his Bulbuls and the food he gave them. Also my experience is that when wild the feathers on the vent, or the seat of the trousers, of Red-cheeked Bulbuls is not red at all but a lovely deep salmon and that colour also faded in captivity. Will Mr. Boosey tell us whether the red on the seats of his Bulbuls’ trousers is red or scarlet or a deep salmon ? It may have been the bright Indian sunlight which coloured my vision. Further, have members noted how the orange on the face of the Orange-cheeked Waxbill fades both in area and in colour in captivity ? Mine when first imported really deserved their name. The orange on the face looked like orange sealing wax, yet after the moult, though kept in an outdoor aviary, the orange faded into a small area of brown and I saw the same thing in the case of Orange-cheeked Waxbills in the bird house in the London Zoo. What is Mr. Boosey’s experience in this matter ? I was also very interested in the account of the breeding of the Yellow-backed Lory. Mr. Risdon writes that every conceivable variety of food was offered. I remember many years ago in an article on the breeding of Swainson’s Lorikeets, Dr. Amsler describes how he fed his birds in war-time, the 1914 war, on ground rice pudding made with milk and honey-sugar. I used to get this rice mould made by our cook in India, though with brown sugar instead of honey-sugar, and I reared successfully some Blue-winged Parrakeets which would have died if reared on the ordinary satto or gram flour which food rears the Ring-necked successfully. Dr. Amsler’s article is well worth reading. Godfrey Davis. Beresfords, Boughton Monchelsea, Near Maidstone, Kent. THE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN THE TREATMENT OF ENTERITIS Following our recent correspondence in the Magazine in respect of enteritis I have had a further letter from Professor Kirkpatrick in which he points out that one of the statements contained in his letter in the November-December, 1958, Magazine, has, in the light of some information recently published been rendered incorrect and he feels that the correction should be drawn to your attention. He states : — “ In the Journal of Wildlife Management, 22 ; 446-449, appears an article, ‘ Ulcerative Enteritis in the Pheasant, Blue Grouse, and California Quail,’ by Buss, Conrad and Reilly. The new fact is that enteritis was found in a flock of young pheasants densely concentrated at the New York State Delmar Game Farm. Until this report, we did not know that pheasants were susceptible.” W. M. Sands. “ Silver Birches,” Farrar Lane, Adel, Leeds, 16. 32 CORRESPONDENCE THE LOSS OF RED COLOUR BY BIRDS IN CAPTIVITY Recent correspondence on the subject of loss of red colour by birds kept in captivity i leads me to write of my own experience with Choughs (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocor ax). It is, well known that in the case of wild adults the bill and legs are bright red. When I first started keeping Choughs, my specimens were fledglings which, of course, lacked ; the red colour, the soft parts being a brownish black, with a trace of yellow. As the birds matured, a dull red colour was assumed, but it never approached the intensity of red characteristic of the species. My attention was drawn to this by the intense colour of birds exhibited in the National Cage Birds Show, which, incidentally, are almost always over-coloured and also the bills are usually overgrown. I wrote to one or two of the exhibitors and was informed that red pepper was included in their diet. My birds were eighteen months old when I commenced adding small amounts of red pepper to their food. The birds soon developed a rich red colour of the soft parts, which quickly surpassed the natural depth of colour, taking on a decidedly purple cast. This unnatural tint waned when the food was discontinued but to make quite sure that the development of the red colour was not an age factor coincident with my colour feeding, no more colour food was fed for twelve months. Very slowly the intense red faded giving place to the previous dull red colour level. I might add that during the breeding season, just after colour feeding, a nest was built by the birds, but no eggs ; were laid. During the subsequent winter one bird died. The red colour did not reappear during the next breeding season, but again a nest was built. Colour feeding was recommenced, and the rich hue returned after a few : weeks. Uncertain as to whether or not the colour food was harmful to the birds I discontinued feeding it, which was followed by a gradual loss of colour. It now happened that a second bird died, after being ill for some time, steadily losing strength, i despite the fact that the body condition seemed good. Shortly after, another bird became very unwell, wheezing to such an extent that its whole body vibrated and an audible rattle could be heard as the bird gasped for breath, during which time the bill was held partially open revealing saliva bubbling in its throat. In my opinion it had no hope of recovery. As a “ kill-or-cure ” measure I immediately started colour feeding i once more, when to my surprise a rapid recovery was made. Coincidence ? Perhaps. | However, I now include red pepper mixture regularly in the diet and so far have had ■ no more casualties. The amount is limited to just sufficient to maintain a normal degree of coloration. As a matter of convenience my three Fieldfares have the same staple diet and are remarkably healthy. This season they were actually carrying nesting material, j Their bills tended to develop a slightly rosy flush when the colour food concentration was high, but were otherwise completely normal. My Virginian Cardinals have access to this food and have nested for the past four years although no young have reached maturity. The red colour of the male, although not as brilliant as a wild bird, is, J nevertheless, rather better than one frequently sees in specimens which have been cap¬ tive for some years. From the foregoing I conclude that the feeding of capsicums to Choughs is definitely beneficial and, of course, does produce a natural degree of coloration if used judiciously. I have ascertained that the red pepper mixture which I use contains 45 per cent Spanish red pepper and 45 per cent paprika, which is a rich source of vitamin C. I would endorse the comments of Dr. H. Gwynne Vevers that the myth that red foods produce red colours is quite false, unless they contain substances which are either the pigments found in the birds or substances from which these pigments or similar ones can be synthetized by the bird’s system. Clearly, wild Choughs do not have access to capsicums and I would be very interested to know what food source supplies these requirements in nature. 14 Heath Road, Ipswich. Brian C. Turner. j THE WHITE-CAPPED REDSTART Dr. K. C. Searle asks for information on the White-capped Redstart ( Chaimarrhornis j leucocephala) . This bird is also known as the White-capped Water Redstart, for it frequents streams in the Himalayas and western China. Whistler says that it breeds at elevations between 6,000 feet and 16,000 feet, descending to the foothills for the winter. The sexes are alike in plumage. Zoological Society of London. J. J. Ye ALL AND. THE AVICULTURAL : SOCIETY : FOR THE STUDY OF BRITISH & FOREIGN BIRDS IN FREEDOM & CAPTIVITY Officers for the Year 1959 President D. SETH-SMITH Vice-Presidents J. Sped an Lewis, J. Delacour, Miss E. Maud Knobel, E. J. Boosey, Allen Silver Miss P. Barglay-Smith Miss K. Bonner F. Grant Dr. E. Hindle F. T. Jones Dr. F. B. Lake The Rev. J. R. Lowe F. Mosford G. S. Mottershead Council Sir Crawford MgCullagh, Bart. K. A. Norris W. R. Partridge G. M. Payne A. A. Prestwich R. S de Q. Quincey E. N. T. Vane P. L. Wayre J. J. Yealland Executive Committee Miss P. Barglay-Smith Miss E. M. Knobel Miss K. Bonner A. A. Prestwich E. J. Boosey D. Seth-Smith Hon. Secretary-Treasurer A. A. Prestwich 6 i Chase Road, Oakwood, London, N. 14 Assistant Secretary Miss Kay Bonner Editor Miss Phyllis Barclay-Smith 51 Warwick Avenue, London, W. 9 Auditor J. Watkin Richards, Certified Accountant STEPHEN AUSTIN AND SONS, LTD. PRINTERS, HERTFORD List of Members of the AVICULTURAL SOCIETY ist JANUARY , i959 SPECIAL NOTICE. — It is particularly requested that Members will give notice to the Hon. Secretary of any error in their addresses or descriptions in this List in order that it may be corrected. The date attached to each name is that of the year of election or restoration to the Membership. * Life Members. ** Hon. Life Members. PRESIDENT 1894 Seth-Smith, David, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. ; “ Brabourne,” 7 Poyle Road, Guildford, Surrey. VICE-PRESIDENTS 1921 Boosey, E.J., F.Z.S. ; Brambletye, Keston, Kent. 1916 Delacour, Jean, F.Z.S. , M.B.O.U. ; Los Angeles County Museum, Exposition Park, Los Angeles 7, Calif., U.S.A. 1916 Knobel, Miss E. Maud, F.Z.S., M.R.I. ; 86 Regent’s Park Road, London, N.W. 1. 1924 Lewis, J. Spedan, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U.; Longstock House, Stockbridge, Hants. 1904 Silver, Allen, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. ; Birdsacre, Llantarnam, Mon. HONORARY FELLOWS 1937 Barclay-Smith, Miss Phyllis, M.B.E., F.R.G.S., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. ; 51 Warwick Avenue, London, W. 9. 1958 Berlioz, Professor Jacques ; Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 55 Rue de Buffon, Paris (Ve), France. 1938 Crandall, Lee S., C.M.Z.S. ; New York Zoological Society, 185th Street and Southern Boulevard, New York 60, N.Y., U.S.A. 1946 Derscheid, Jean-Pierre, F.Z.S. ; 35 Avenue Jeanne, Brussels, Belgium. 1911 Ghigi, Professor Alessandro, C.M.Z.S., M.B.O.U.; Laboratorio di Zoologia Applicata Alla Caccia, Universita di Bologna, S. Giacomo 9, Bologna, Italy. 1943 Hallstrom, Sir Edward, F.R.Z.S., C.M.Z.S. ; 462 Willoughby Road, Willoughby, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia. 1937 Lendon, Alan, M.B., B.S., F.R.C.S., F.R.A.C.S. ; 66 Brougham Place, North Adelaide, South Australia. 1928 Webb, C. S., C.M.Z.S.; P.O. Naro Moru, Kenya Colony. MEMBERS 1952 Abbott, R. ; 60 South Street, Cottingham, E. Yorks. 1956 Abrahams, P. R. ; Clifton Tavern, 1 Stainsby Street, St. Leonards-on-Sea, Sussex. 1956 Acooli, Baidyanath, B.A., F.Z.S. ; 8/5A., Barrackpore Trunk Road, Calcutta 2, India. 4 LIST OF MEMBERS 1949 Adamson, Reginald Maurice, M.B.O.U. ; c/o 18 Pembroke Street, Bedford. 1957 Aird, I. A. ; Barton House, Lockinge, Wantage, Berkshire. 1953 Albrecht-Moller, J. L. ; Christen Kolds Alle 1, Kastrup, Denmark. 1944 Alder, Edward ; 49 Swinburne Road, Abingdon, Berks. 1951 Alderson, Mrs. H. G. ; 146 Regent’s Park Road, London, N.W. 1. 1957 Ali, Yousif Haj ; Shorja Street, Khan Al-Dejaj, Baghdad, Iraq. 1952 Allen, Dr. G. A. ; 1328 Allen Park Drive, Salt Lake City 5, Utah, U.S.A. 1929 Allen, Miss Geraldine Russell, O.B.E. ; Davenham Hall, Northwich, Cheshire. 1925 Allen, M. T., M.A., F.Z.S. ; Ravenswood, 42 Watford Road, Northwood, Middlesex. 1931 Allison, N. G. ; Kingsmead, Cheyham Way, Cheam, Surrey. 1958 Almandoz, Dr. Carlos ; Quinta “ Guirintar ” Avenida Avila No. 26, San Bernardino, Caracas, Venezuela. 1956 Anderdon, G. ; Henlade House, Taunton, Somerset. 1951 Andersen, Dr. C. Norden ; Jens Bangs Stenhus, 0steraa 9, Aalborg, Denmark. 1923 Anderson, Alister ; 6 Charlotte Square, Edinburgh. 1949 * Anderson, A. R., F.R.H.S. ; 45 Wigorn Road, Bearwood, Smethwick 41, Staffs. 1948 *Anderson, J. W. H. ; “ Roukenglen,” 381 Musgrave Road, Durban, South Africa. 1954 Anderson, L. ; Brunsfield, Abbotsford Road, Galashiels, Selkirk, Scotland. 1 955 Anderson, L. C. ; 71 Upney Lane, Barking, Essex. 1958 Anderson, M. C. ; 197 Ryan Street, Broken Hill, N.S.W., Australia. 1956 Anderson, Rae V. ; 4918 N. Ryland Avenue, Temple City, Calif., U.S.A. 1958 Anderson, V. R. ; 127 York Street East, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia. 1956 Andrews, R. M., Jr. ; 5 Shiba Park, Tokyo, Japan. 1950 Appelman, Dr. F. J. ; Boreelstraat 7, The Hague, Holland. 1947 Appleyard, R. ; Ixworth, Nr. Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk. 1952 Ara, Leo A. ; 9 Park Mansions, Park Street, Calcutta, India. 1956 Armstrong, J. M. ; 389 Upper Newtownards Road, Belfast, N. Ireland. 1956 Armstrong, R. ; 10 Church Avenue, Buranda, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. !955 Astles, F. C. ; The Aviaries, Magpie Hall Road, Kingsnorth, Ashford, Kent. 1 958 Attenborough, David, M.A., F.Z.S. , M.B.O.U. ; 5 Park Road, Richmond, Surrey. 1929 Auburn, F. W., F.Z.S. ; Willow Creek, Arkley Lane, Arkley, Herts. i955**Bailey, J. ; 122 Hamilton Road, Golders Green, N.W. 11. 1956 Bailey, Mrs. P. M. ; Swn-y-Wylan, Borth-y-Gest, Portmadoc, N. Wales. 1958 Bain, John G. ; “ Craigmarloch,” Colzium, Kilsyth, Glasgow. 1958 Baines, Tom R. ; Curator, Calgary Zoological Society, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 1949 * Baird, W. G. ; 109 Russell Street, Palmerston North, New Zealand. 1957 Baker, Ronald S. ; Warooka, South Australia. 1958 Ballack, C. H. ; 4 Olga Street, Florida Ext. No. 4, Transvaal, South Africa. I904**Bamford, William ; Bridgecroft, 70 Kent Road, Harrogate. LIST OF MEMBERS 5 1932 Banks, Geoffrey ; Potters Wood, Sutton Road, Barr Beacon, Nr. Walsall, Staffs. 1956 Banks, H. ; 26 Bishopscote Road, Luton, Beds. 1956 Barclay, A. ; Battlehill, Huntly, Aberdeenshire. 1953 Bard, H. ; 5 Alpha Road, Hutton, Brentwood, Essex. 1956 Bardell, I. W. M. ; 6 Browning Close, Fairbridge Park North, Umtali, Southern Rhodesia. 1952 Barker, W. J. ; College Road, Stanthorpe, Queensland, Australia. 1934 Barlass, J. C. ; 9 Norfolk Road, Lytham, Lytham St. Annes, Lancs. 1919 Barnard, T. T., M.C., M.A., Ph.D., F.L.S., F.Z.S. ; Furzebrook, Wareham, Dorset. 1956 Barnes, Miss J., F.Z.S. ; 32 Portsea Hall, Connaught Square, London, W. 2. 1958 Barnett, Mrs. Ernest ; 1033 West 120 Street, Los Angeles 44, Calif., U.S.A. 1958 Barnicoat, F. C. ; 207 St. Amant Street, Malvern, Johannesburg, South Africa. 1950 Barr, Thomas ; Beanscroft, Kilmarnock, Ayrshire. 1955 Bartrop, J. A. W. ; 138 King’s Head Hill, Chingford, E. 4. 1958 Bastidon, Jean ; B.P.-90, St. Raphael, Var, France. 1954 Batchelor, F. W., F.Z.S. ; The Dell, 37 Manor Way, Beckenham, Kent. 1952 Bates, C. ; Norton Cottage, Peter Lane, Warley, Halifax, Yorks. 10^2 Bates, H. T. ; Palos Verdes Bird Farm, 4146 Pacific Coast Highway, Walteria, California, U.S.A. 1953 Bath, P. C., F.Z.S. ; Roxton Park, Roxton, Beds. 1945 Baty, I. ; 53 North Road, Ponteland, Newcastle-on-Tyne. 1956 Baxter, Miss Evelyn V., LL.D., F.R.S.E., M.B.O.U. ; The Grove, Upper Largo, Fife, Scotland. 1957 Baxter, M. C. ; Hatch End, Ham Street, Ham, Surrey. 1957 Bayntun, F. S. ; 52 Woodbourne Avenue, Streatham, London, S.W. 16. 1955 Bean, D. ; 46 Argyll Street, Corby, Northants. 1958 Bedingfield, H. N. ; The Staithe, Stalham, Norfolk. 1957 Beecroft, D. W. ; 257 Grandstand Road, Hereford. i923**Beever, G. ; 61 Longley Road, Huddersfield. 1956 Behrent, F. W. ; No. 2. Line, R.D., Wanganui, New Zealand. 1926 Bell, W. Dennis ; Sloelands Farm, Chesham, Bucks. 1948 Bellars, C. G. ; 55 Riley Road, Overport, Durban, South Africa. 1952 Benedict, Burton, Ph.D. ; The London School of Economics and Political Science, University of London, Houghton Street, Aldwych, London, W.C. 2. 1951 Bennett, Clive ; 2 Henry Street, off Viaduct Street, Ardwick, Manchester 11. 10=17 Bennett, T. Stuart, O.B.E., M.I.B.E., M.I.M.E. : 1 Cadogan Lane, Pont Street, London, S.W. 1. 1954 Benvie, Capt., D. M. ; Heughhead, Friockheim, By Arbroath, Angus, Scotland. i9o6**Beresford-Webb, G. M. ; Norbryght, South Godstone, Surrey. 1955 Bergman, Sten, D.Sc. ; Ronninge per Stockholm, Sweden. 1954 Berkouwer, A. ; Eendenkooi, Bakkerswaal, Lekkerkerk, Holland. 1957 Berlin, Jack ; 2907 W. Colorado Blvd., Los Angeles 4, Calif., U.S.A. 1956 Berrow, D. ; 49 Englestede Close, Handsworth Wood, Birmingham 20. 1955 Berry, N. A. ; Parattah, Tasmania, Australia. 1921 Best, C. ; Westminster Bank House, Kirkgate, Newark, Notts. 6 LIST OF MEMBERS 1952 Bettison, L. J. ; R. R. No. 2, Oliver, B.G., Canada. 1953 Beulcke, Marcel ; 54 Jan Breijdellaan, Kortrijk, Belgium. 1955 Bevington, Mrs. D. ; Gallowbrook, St. Neots, Hunts. 1956 Beyer, Charles E., Jr. ; 1 17 South Layton Drive, Los Ane:eles 49, Calif., U.S.A. 1939 *Bhavnagar, Raol Shri Dharmakumarsinhji of, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. ; Dil Bahar, Bhavnagar, Saurashtra, India. 1952 Biallosterski, W. ; Roos en Beeklaan 32, Santpoort, Holland. 1957 Bice, Claude W., Ph.D. ; R. T. French Co., 1 Mustard Street, Rochester 9, N.Y., U.S.A. 1957 Billmeir, J. A., C.B.E. ; Westbrook, Elstead, Godaiming, Surrey. 1958 Binks, Arthur Sydney ; 20 Weston Avenue, Queensbury, Bradford, Yorks. 1945 Birch, P. A., F.Z.S. ; “ Avian Vale,” Dodford, Nr. Bromsgrove, Worcs. 1954 Birchall, Mrs. E. J. ; “ Sundown,” Storrs Park, Bowness-on-Windermere, Westmorland. 1956 Bird, Robert ; 60 McKenzie Street, Leichhardt, N.S.W., Australia. 1952 Bird, W., F.R.P.S., F.I.B.P. ; The Coach House, 54 Gwendolen Avenue, Putney, S.W.15. 1948 Birrell, Mrs. J. Dalziel ; Christmas Cottage, Brick Kiln Common, Wisborough Green, Sussex. 1950 Birtles, Albert ; 169 Royds Street, Rochdale, Lancs. 1952 Blaauw, A. F. H., O.B.E. ; “ de Wissel,” Rysbergen (N.-B.), Holland. 1956 Black, F. ; 95 Woodlands Road, Sparkhill, Birmingham 1 1. 1958 Blake, Miss Pamela A. ; 98 Von Brandis Street, Krugersdorp, Transvaal, South Africa. 1957 Blakely, Ronald ; Lincoln Park Zoo, 100 W. Webster, Chicago 14, Ill., U.S.A. 1937 Bland, W. P., F.Z.S. ; 3 Station Approach, Meols, Hoylake, Cheshire. 1956 *Blood, Dr. Benjamin D. ; Burgos 730, Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 1951 Bloom, R. T. ; The North of England Zoological Society, Chester. 1956 Blum, A. J. ; P.O. Box 114, Mt. Healthy, Cincinnati 31, Ohio, U.S.A. 1946 Blythe, Hylton, F.Z.S. ; “ Bay View,” 7 Clieveden Road, Thorpe Bay, Essex. 1956 Bolton, A. W., F.Z.S. ; St. Frederick, King’s Road, Chalfont St. Giles, Bucks. 1956 Bond, F. ; Mountway Road, Bishops Hull, Taunton, Somerset. 1949 *Bonner, Miss Kay ; 61 Chase Road, Oakwood, London, N. 14. 1940 Bonny, J. W. ; Springfield, 166 Whitegate Drive, Blackpool, Lancs. 1957 Booth, J. ; 15 Brookside Crescent, Middleton Junction, Nr. Manchester. 1958 Bostock, Gilbert H. ; Stanley House, Spot Acre, Stone, Staffs. 1958 Bourke, James J. ; 20 Bertram Street, Burwood E.13, Victoria, Australia. 1956 Bouts, Willy H. ; Biesterweg 84, Eindhoven, Holland. 1958 Bowman, P. ; Sunderlandwick, Driffield, Yorks. 1957 Bowman, W. R. ; 266 Yardley Wood Road, Birmingham 13. 1951 Bradley, R. H. ; 13 Waubesa Street, Madison 4, Wisconsin, U.S.A. 1950 Brain, William, F.Z.S. ; Haynes, 30 Rushworth Road, Reigate, Surrey. 1951 Bratley, G. W. ; 39 Westfield Avenue, Pontefract, Yorks. 1956 Brearley, A. R. ; 30 Cambridge Street, St. Neots, Hunts. 1956 Brlant, J. H. ; 5 Greenlands Drive, Burgess Hill, Sussex. 1957 Briggs, C. J. R. ; 17 Chatham Road, Battersea, London, S.W. 11. LIST OF MEMBERS 7 1949 Brock, Donald S. ; 5840 Seminary Court, Oakland 5, California, U.S.A. 1933 Brookes, Miss F. C. ; Massam Hall, Old Leake, Boston, Lines. 1931 Brown, E. J. ; 29 Dean Road, Bitterne, Southampton. 1957 Brown, G. Rayson ; 250 West Duarte Road, Arcadia, Calif., U.S.A. 1958 Brown, Horace ; Bridge Farm, Kirton Holme, Boston, Lines. 1956 Brown, J. Hatchell ; “ The Willows,” Roadside Delivery, Broadford, Victoria, Australia. 1956 Brown, L. M. ; Silver Street, Coningsby, Lincoln. 1946 Brown, Ralph ; The Pleasants, Aberdour, Fife, Scotland. 1950 Brown, Dr. Reginald E. B. ; 6 Barker Street, Newcastle, N.S.W., Australia . 1924 Brown, W. Ferrier ; 85 Yew Tree Road, Southborough, Tunbridge Wells, Kent. 1957 Bruns, Mrs. Lucille Z. ; 1 1 7 Paloma Avenue, Long Beach, Calif., U.S.A. 1947 Bruyneel, J. ; Domaine de Steenokkerzeel, R6gie, Belgium. 1042 *Bryce, Mrs. Peter Cooper ; Florestal, Hope Ranch, Santa Barbara, Calif., U.S.A. 1957 Bryce, Wallace E. ; 1309 Eighth Avenue, Safford, Arizona, U.S.A. 1928 Buchanan, A. ; 33 Townhill Road, Dunfermline, Fife. 1956 Buckingham, D. C. ; “ Rest Harrow,” Shenley, Herts. 1938 Buckingham Jones, C., LL.M. ; c/o Barclay’s Bank, Ltd., The Quadrant, Buxton. 1925 Bucksey, Mrs. D. E. ; Bellevue, Green Lane, Hambledon, Portsmouth, Hants. 1957 Bufton, Reginald P. ; Primrose Cottage, Llandegley, Llandrindod Wells, Radnor. 1953 Bunton, Dr. P. H. ; “ Elim,” P.O. Addo, Cape Province, South Africa. 1953 Burbridge, J. H. ; Ambleside Water Gardens and Aviaries, Lower Weare, Axbridge, Somerset. 1956 Burt, F. J., F.Z.S. ; “ The Hollies,” 78 Tollers Lane, Old Coulsdon, Surrey. 1952 Burton, M., D.Sc., F.L.S., F.Z.S. ; British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, S.W. 7. 1957 Buteyn, Jerome ; Star Route, Box 17, San Luis Rey, Calif., U.S.A. 1942 Buxton, J. Leavesley, F.Z.S. ; Brightlea, 227 Streetsbrook Road, Solihull .Birmingham. 1953 *Cafferty, Miss D. I. ; 662 Wellington Avenue, Chicago 14, Ill., U.S.A. 1957 Callegari, Pier-Francesco ; Via Barbiani 6, Ravenna, Italy. 1933 Campey, A. D., B.E.M. ; “ Northlands,” PIull Bridge Road, Beverley, E. Yorks. 1934 Capron, C. N. ; 1020 South L. Street, Lake Worth, Florida, U.S.A. 1958 Cardy, C. S. M., R.S. ; Irish Guards, K.R.T.C., P.O. Box 300, Nakuru, Kenya. 1956 Carey, R. J. P. ; Dominion Museum, Wellington, New Zealand. 1958 Carey-Hughes, Dr. J. ; 315 Hong Kong Bank Building, Hong Kong. 1954 Carlsson, T. ; Skolgatan 9, Malmberget, Sweden. 1958 Carpenter, A. E. ; 6 Orient Street, S. Fremantle, Western Australia. 1956 Carpenter, Mrs. B. ; 89 Underhills Road, Orinda, Calif., U.S.A. 1955 Carpentier, J. ; Diepestraat 59, Antwerp, Belgium. 8 LIST OF MEMBERS 1918 Carr, Percy ; Ormond Lodge, Newbold-on-Stour, Nr. Stratford-on- Avon. 1958 Carss, J. W. ; 141 Broadway, Tynemouth, Northumberland. 1952 Carthew, W. R. ; P.O. Box 49, Vereeniging, South Africa. 1950 Cartwright, K. G. ; “ The Gables,” 10 Brick-Kiln Street, Quarry Bank, Nr. Brierley Hill, S. Staffs. 1954 Castan, Dr. R. ; 16 Brd. President Fallieres, Gabes, Tunisie. 1953 Castle, D. F. ; “ Clive Cottage,” 51 Stockens Green, Knebworth, Herts. 1954 Chadwick, J., F.Z.S. ; Sewerby, Bridlington, E. Yorks. 1956 Chamberlain, Miss C. Pearl ; Gt. Broadhurst Farm, Heathfield, Sussex. 1958 Chamberlain, Thomas ; “ The Three Elms,” Drew Street, Brixham, Devon. 1956 Channing, Mrs. Y., F.Z.S. ; 14 Sycamore House, Maitland Park Villas, Hampstead, N.W. 3. 1932 *Chaplin, The Right Hon. the Viscount, F.L.S., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. ; Wadstray House, Blackawton, Nr. Totnes, Devon. 1957 Chatt, R. E. W. ; “ Glendene,” Surig Road, Canvey Island, Essex. 1951 Cheesman, M. R. ; 4888 South 1300 E, Salt Lake City 7, Utah, U.S.A. 1930 Chichester, Mrs. H. G. ; Galgorm Castle, Ballymena, Co. Antrim, N. Ireland. 1956 Chilston, Viscount ; Chilston Park, Sandway, Nr. Maidstone, Kent. 1956 Chilvers, W. ; Walmsley House, Hambleton, Selby, Yorks. 1957 Christensen, Douglas A., M.D. ; Kendrick, Idaho, U.S.A. 1914 Christie, Mrs. G. ; Kellas, By Elgin, Morayshire. 1957 Church, Miss M. E. ; I.M. Marsh College of Physical Education, Barkhill Road, Aigburth, Liverpool 17. 1958 Chynoweth, A. ; Glynn, Whitecross, Wadebridge, Cornwall. 1945 Clarence, Capt. A. A. ; 25 Elms Avenue, Parkstone, Dorset. 1957 *Clark, Major A. G. ; The Sherwood Foresters, 206 Maldon Road, Colchester, Essex. 1949 Clark, G. T., “ Maidsmere,” Finstall, Bromsgrove, Worcs. 1942 Clark, Mrs. G. T., F.Z.S. ; “ Maidsmere,” Finstall, Bromsgrove, Worcs. 1957 Clarke, Daryle ; 30 Sixth Avenue, New Norfolk, Tasmania, Australia. 1957 Clarke, K. F. ; The Glebe House, Weston-under-Wetherley, Nr. Leaming¬ ton Spa, Warwicks. 1957 Clayden, A. E. ; 1 Westfield Terrace, Tadcaster, Yorks. 1957 Clayden, Lt.-Col. H. W. ; Woodlands, Wyre Forest, Nr. Kidderminster, Worcs. 1952 Clayton, S. ; Heathfield, St. Philip’s Road, Newmarket, Suffolk. 1956 Clear, Professor Val ; 303 Cottage Avenue, Anderson, Indiana, U.S.A. 1957 Clegg, J. ; 135 Lower Mickletown, Methley, Nr. Leeds, Yorks. 1938 Clements, O. E., L.D.S., R.C.S.(Eng.) ; 1 Bayswater Road, Highlands, Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia. 1949 Clemitson, J. W. ; 25 St. Paul’s Gardens, Whitley Bay, Northumberland. 1957 Cobb, G. T. ; 59 Windmill Street, Whittlesey, Nr. Peterborough, Northants. 1957 Collingwood, R. N. ; 19 Wellwood Gardens, Morpeth, Northumberland. 1956 Collins, D. ; Bella Farm, Wharram, Mai ton, Yorks. 1956 Collins, Mrs. G. ; 9 Glen Almond Street, New Plymouth, New Zealand. 1957 Conradie, W. S. ; 29 Wellington Avenue, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa. LIST OF MEMBERS 9 1954 Conway, W. G. ; New York Zoological Society, Bronx Park, New York 60, N.Y., U.S.A. 1950 Coombs, E. W., F.Z.S. ; “ The Woodlands,” Walderslade Road, Chatham, Kent. 1958 Cooper, Miss Ann ; 8 Sayers House, Red Lion Hill, East Finchley, N. 2. 1926 Cooper, Mrs. C. M. ; “ Villa D’Este,” Burges Road, Thorpe Bay, Essex. 1953 Cooper, Mrs. F. D. ; Dunstan Lodge, Churchdown, Gloucester. 1958 Copperwaite, F. ; 254 High Street, Fremantle, Western Australia. 1957 Corbett, David R. ; 9 Wellgarth, Ashness Gardens, Greenford, Middlesex. 1951 Corbett, R. C. U. ; Itchen Abbas Cottage, Nr. Winchester, Hants. 1956 Corb ridge, J., M.B.O.U. ; 47 Kenyon Lane, Moston, Manchester 10. 1942 Corwin, Saul C. ; 165 Broadway, New York 6, N.Y., U.S.A. 1955 Costa, Dr. C. Fernando; Rua Dr. Antonio Martins No/11, Estoril, Portugal. 1926 Cotterell, Lt.-Col. Sir Richard C., Bart. ; Garnons, Hereford. 1956 Cowan, John C. ; 41 Birdwood Circus, Bicton, Western Australia. 1950 Coward, D. M., F.Z.S. ; 18 Longfellow Avenue, Wellsway, Bath. 1925 Cowley, H. ; The Manor House, Bubbenhall, Nr. Coventry. 1947 Cowlishaw, A. G. ; The Chalet, 35 Aylesbury Street, Bletchley, Bucks. 1933 Cox, Mrs. B., F.Z.S. ; Barstobrick, Castle Douglas, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland. 1956 Cox, D. W. ; 32 Beamsley Road, Frizinghall, Shipley, Yorks. 1958 Cox, Leonard ; Rosario House, Thornwood Common, Epping, Essex. 1952 Coyne, Major S. F. ; The Sherwood Foresters, Normanton Barracks, Derby. 1958 Craig, N. ; 2 Athlone Drive, Grasmere Road, Dewsbury, Yorks. 1956 Creed, C. W. G., F.Z.S. ; Dalhousie, 47 Gordon Avenue, Highams Park, London. E. 4. 1958 Creswell, J. ; Farthinghoe, Nr. Brackley, Northants. 1956 Crockford, W. A. ; 67 Davenport Avenue, Hessle, E. Yorks. 1929 Crofts, Robert T. ; 85 Reeves Avenue, Cross Heath, Newcastle, Staffs. 1949 Crone, G. H. ; Jan Luykenstraat 16, Amsterdam, Holland. 1948 Cummings, W. D., F.Z.S. ; The Keston Foreign Bird Farm, Ltd., Bram- bletye, Keston, Kent. 1952 Cunningham, A. M., F.Z.S. ; 21 Kitchener Road, East Finchley, London, N. 2. 1957 Curl, Walter S. ; 475 Grand Junction Road, Myrtleholme, Adelaide, South Australia. 1955 Curlewis, Dr. B. Warren ; 86 Crescent Road, Newport, N.S.W., Australia. 1957 Curry-Lindahl, Dr. Kai, M.B.O.U. ; Nordiska Museet and Skansen, Stockholm, Sweden. 1956 Curtis, Lawrence ; Fort Worth Zoo and Aquarium, Fort Worth, Texas, U.S.A. 1939 Dabner, P. L. ; 56 Arkwright Road, Sanderstead, Surrey. 1946 Dalborg-Johansen, J. ; Dyrlaege, Jernbanegade 6, Odense, Denmark. 1949 Dalgety, C. T., F.Z.S. ; Broomy Lodge, Linwood, Ringwood, Hants. 1948 Danhier, M. F. ; 186 Chaussee de Charleroi, Brussels, Belgium. LIST OF MEMBERS 10 1950 D arman, H. J., F.Z.S., F.R.H.S. ; 44 Fraser Road, Walthamstow, London, E. 17. 1932 Darnton, Mrs. I., M.B.O.U. ; Sissinghurst Court, Cranbrook, Kent. 1956 Darnton, R. E. ; Sissinghurst Court, Cranbrook, Kent. 1956 Dauncey, A. N. ; 123 Ridgeway, Edgbaston, Birmingham 17. 1956 Davey, H. ; 3 The Crescent, Lower Willingdon, Nr. Eastbourne, Sussex. 1958 Davey, R. J. ; 7 Carlyon Road, Playing Place, Nr. Truro, Cornwall. 1957 Davidson, L. R. ; 71 College Bounds, Fraserburgh, Aberdeenshire. 1956 Davies, Dr. D. H. ; P.O. Box 736, Durban, Union of South Africa. 1954 Davies, G. C. N. ; P.O. Box 1155, Louren$o Marques, Portuguese East Africa. 1927 Davis, Sir Godfrey, I.C.S., F.Z.S. ; Beresfords, Boughton Monchelsea, Nr. Maidstone, Kent. 1956 Day, J. ; 7 Fitzilian Avenue, Oak Road, Harold Wood, Essex. 1950 Day, J. N. E., M.Sc., Ph.D. ; 18 Homewood Road, St. Albans, Herts. 1952 Deacon, D. R. ; 41 Hilders Road, Western Park, Leicester. 1951 Dean, A. W. S. ; Sudbrook Manor, Sudbrook, Grantham, Lines. 1956 Deane, R. S. W. ; c/o Utilities Dept., T.T.I., Pointe-a-Pierre, Trinidad, B.W.I. 1952 Deans, G., F.R.Z.S.(Scot.) ; 3 New Edinburgh Road, Dalkeith, Mid¬ lothian. 1953 D’eath, J. O., F.Z.S. ; The Grove, Hadley, Barnet, Herts. 1953 de Beaumont, Mrs. G. ; Blairlogie House, Menstrie, Clackmannanshire, Scotland. 1954 de Carvalho Monteiro, A. ; Pra£ados Restauradores 13-20 D., Lisbon (2), Portugal. 1917 Decoux, A. ; G£ry, Aixe-sur- Vienne, Haute-Vienne, France. 1958 Deegan, F. H., D.C. ; 9445 Hobart Street, Dallas 18, Texas, U.S.A. 1948 de Goederen, G. ; Orteliuskade 74, Amsterdam- W, Holland. 1957 de Jong, J. ; Lijsterlaan 51, Vlaardingen, Holland. 1957 Dempsey, John ; P.O. Box 1725, Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia. 1 903** Dennis, Mrs. H. E. ; Lower Nash, Nutbourne, Pul borough, Sussex. 1924 Denny, Mrs. H., C.B.E., J.P., F.Z.S. ; The Chantry, Horsham, Sussex. 1930 de Pass, Gerald V., F.Z.S. ; The Old Kennels, Satwell, Nr. Henley- on-Thames. 1932 de Pledge, Miss Beryl Isabel, F.Z.S. ; 9 Beaufort House, Beaufort Street, Chelsea, London, S.W. 3. 1956 de Roeck, A. ; 58 Avenue Arthur Goemaere, Antwerp, Belgium. 1948 Desai, Pradyuman K. ; Takhteshwar Plot, Bhavnagar, Saurashtra, India. 1957 de Souza, Mrs. Addie Costa Bir ; P.O. Box 1264, Mombasa, Kenya Colony. 1958 Detry, Guy ; Avenue des Princes No. 1, Wavre, Belgium. 1956 Dewhurst, Miss S. ; Dungarthill, Dunkeld, Perthshire, Scotland. 1951 Diedrich, W. W. ; Koningin Wilhelminalaan 354, Voorburg, Holland. 1955 Diercxsens, Louis ; President, Society Royale de Zoologie d’Anvers, 26 Place Reine Astrid, Antwerp, Belgium. 1958 Dietz, S. D. ; 1402 S.-gth Street, Fargo, North Dakota, U.S.A. 1956 Digby, R. D. ; Highcroft, 60 Downhall Road, Rayleigh, Essex. 1955 Diggle, A. ; 10 Cross Hill Street, High Crompton, Shaw, Nr. Oldham, Lancs. J955 Dilger, Professor W. C., Ph.D. ; Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, U.S.A. LIST OF MEMBERS II 1958 Dineen, Mrs. D. E. ; 145 High Street, Colliers Wood, London, S.W. 19. 1958 Dittrich, Bernard; “Reimill,” Lower Road, Cookham Rise, Maidenhead, Berks. 1958 Dolan, James M., Jr. ; 1469 West Avenue, New York 62, N.Y., U.S.A. 1953 Dolton, K. W. ; Sundown, Oakleigh Avenue, Hallow, Worcester. 1924 *Doqly, Thomas L. S. ; Whimbrel, Kirklake Road, Formby, Nr. Liverpool. 1955 Dopfer, Frau Erika ; Hercules Strasse 8, Kassel, Germany. 1953 Dossche, Arm. ; Toekomststr. 38, St. Amandsberg-Ghent, Belgium. 1955 Douetil, B. N. ; “ Chalfont,” Wayneflete Tower Ave., Esher, Surrey. 1957 Douglas, George A. ; 172 Stamford Street, North Rockhampton, Queens¬ land, Australia. 1958 Downton, Mrs. A. G. ; “ Dry bridge,” Churchill, Kidderminster, Worcs. 1956 Draper, M. F. ; “ Wessex,” Dummer, Basingstoke, Hampshire. 1947 Dring, W. T., F.Z.S. ; 12 East Park Street, Chatteris, Cambs. 1957 Dufferin and Ava, The Marchioness of ; 4 Hans Crescent, London, S.W. 1. 1947 Dufour, Colonel John ; 167 Avenue de Belgique, Antwerp, Belgium. 1939 Dulanty, Brian H., F.Z.S. ; Fisheries Cottage, Chorley Wood, Herts. 1922 Dunmore, Oscar E., F.Z.S. ; 31 Mickleton Drive, Evington, Leicester. 1930 Dunster, Capt. J. E. ; Bucklebury Village, Nr. Reading, Berks. 1956 Dupont, A. ; 25 Ermitage, Wavre, Belgium. 1945 Durrell, Gerald M., F.Z.S. ; Jersey Zoo Park, Les Augres Manor, Trinity, Jersey, Channel Islands. 1927 Duyzend, P. ; Koppeldijk 24, Huize, “ Casarca,” Zeist, Holland. 1958 Dyas, Mrs. J. P. ; 16 King’s Head Hill, Chingford, Essex, E. 4. 1954 Eastman, J. G. ; Reedlings (Bird Reserve), Newdigate, Dorking, Surrey. 1936 Eaves, W. L., F.Z.S. ; 581 Warwick Road, Solihull, Birmingham. 1958 Edwards, K. W. ; 14 Lake Road, Keswick, Cumberland. 1954 Egan, E. ; 16 Tewkesbury Avenue, Droylsden, Nr. Manchester. 1958 Eliscu, Juliette M., M.D. ; 727 N. Pearl Street, Joplin, Missouri, U.S.A. 1955 Ellis, C. W. ; Corsham Court, Corsham, Wilts. 1957 Ellis, M. W. ; 60 Buckmaster House, Holloway Road, London, N. 7. 1958 Elphick, H. R. ; 35 Woodlands Avenue, Eastcote, Ruislip, Middlesex. 1949 *Enehjelm, C. H. F. af, C.M.Z.S. ; Hogholmens Djurgard, Helsingfors, Finland. 1935 Engelbach, Dr. Pierre ; 10 Rue Copernic, Paris (i6e), France. 1942 England, M. D. ; Aros, Limpsfield, Oxted, Surrey. 1955 Esson, Mrs. M. D. ; 3 Western Avenue, Gidea Park, Romford, Essex. 1950 Evans, F. J., F.Z.S. ; 51 Brunswick Road, Leyton, London, E. 10. 1929 Evans, Miss Joan ; Townsend, Middle Wallop, Hants. 1955 Everitt, Sqn.-Ldr. C. ; 5 Brooklyn Grove, South Norwood, London, S.E. 25. 1955 Everitt, Mrs. C. M. ; 5 Brooklyn Grove, South Norwood, London, S.E. 25. 1956 Ezra, Miss Ruth M. ; Chestnut Lodge, Old Common, Cobham, Surrey. 1958 Faber, Miss M. V. ; “ Baurisheen,” Oughterard, Co. Galway, Eire. !955 Fairbarns, Andrew ; 3 b Queens Mead Road, Shortlands, Kent. 12 LIST OF MEMBERS 1949 Fancutt, Frank, F.Z.S. ; 86 Linden Drive, Alvaston, Derby. 1957 Farmer, H. W. ; 328 McCrae Street, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia. 1946 Faudell, G. L. ; 45 Dickason Road, Heathmont, Ringwood, Victoria, Australia. 1958 Felton, F. L. ; Rudhall, Nr. Ross-on-Wye. 1958 Fernandes, Mario Coutinho ; Av. da Boavista No. 753, Porto, Portugal. 1957 Fernebach, S. ; 32 Powell Road, Allendale, New Jersey, U.S.A. 1958 Ficken, Robert W. ; 709 E. State Street, Ithaca, N.Y., U.S.A. 1951 Field, Mrs. B. ; Whitebrook, Widbrook Common, Cookham, Berks. 1950 Fierlafijn, J. ; Karel Oomstraat 24, Antwerp, Belgium. 1953 Finch, Colonel H. B., M.C., F.Z.S. , A.M.I.M.E. ; “Revesby,” Hutton Road, Ash Vale, Nr. Aldershot, Hants. 1952 Fioravanti, The Marquis ; Bellosguardo 14, Florence, Italy. 1958 Flavel, Lindsay M. ; Kingston, S.E., South Australia. 1956 Fletcher, A. W. E. ; 136 Chester Road, Helsby, Cheshire. 1956 Flintoft, Mrs. J. W. ; Box 727, Issaquah, Washington, U.S.A. 1948 Fogg, H. ; 190 Station Road, Wylde Green, Sutton Coldfield, Nr. Birmingham. 1925 Fooks, F. E. ; Cleres, Seine Inferieure, France. 1932 Fooks, H. A. ; Grizedale Lodge, Hawkshead, By Ambleside, Westmorland. 1958 Forrester, Bevan ; 1 13 Balfour Street, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia. 1957 Foster, Miss E. V. R. ; Market Street, Lurgan, Co. Armagh, N. Ireland. 1953 Foster, P. ; 44 Huntley Road, Cheadle Heath, Stockport, Cheshire. 1958 Foster, Peter J. ; 32 Denton Street, Hendon, South Australia. 1951 Fothergill, Miss S. A., F.Z.S. ; 8 Whitelands House, Sloane Square, London, S.W. 3. 1953 Frampton, P. ; 53 Brunker Road, Broadmeadow, N.S.W., Australia. 1958 Francis, A. W. ; 49 a Tisbury Road, Basement Flat, Hove, Sussex. 1958 Franks, A. J. ; “ Brackenwood,” Birmingham Road, Walsall, Staffs. 1954 Franks, D. C. ; Argyll, 75 Old Road, Harlow, Essex. 1957 Fraser, A. J. ; Chief Warden of Fauna, Fisheries Dept., 108 Adelaide Terrace, Perth, Western Australia. 1933 Frayne, Ralph ; 50 Cantley Lane, Bessacarr, Doncaster. 1958 Frelinghuysen, Griswold ; Woodstock, Vermont, U.S.A. 1958 Frost, Keith D. ; Frost and Company, 206 K. R. Hunte’s Building, (P.O. Box 8), Lower Broad Street, Bridgetown, Barbados, B.W.I. 1958 Frost, L. V. ; 35 Echuca Road, Mooroopna, Victoria, Australia. 1950 Frost, R. ; 48 Station Road, Brimington, Chesterfield. 1947 Frostick, W. B., M.B.O.U. ; 26 Minster Precincts, Peterborough, Northants. 1957 Fryer, E. ; 58 Stroud Road, Gloucester. 1957 Fulton, R. A. ; 99 John Street, New York 38, N.Y., U.S.A. 1929 Furner, A. C. ; Oakdene, 115 Whitaker Road, Derby. 1 950 Gadd, J. A. ; 75 Holly Road, Aldershot, Hants. 1948 Galland, John F. ; 197 Fraser Street, Howick, Pietermaritzburg, Natal, South Africa. 1956 Gardiner, H. ; Great Wasketts, Gardiner’s Lane, Crays Hill, Billericay, Essex. 1956 Garner, J. F. ; The Cabin, Far Street, Bradmore, Nottingham. 1951 Garner, R. ; 1 Arno Vale Gardens, Woodthorpe, Nottingham. LIST OF MEMBERS *3 1951 Garratt, J. C. ; “ Crossways,” Sea Avenue, Rustington, Sussex. 1957 Garwood, Ray S. ; Riverland Aviaries, Winkie, River Murray, South Australia. 1949 Gary, Frank L. ; Earlham, Georgetown- Wrightstown Road, Columbus, Newjersey, U.S.A. 1950 Gasr, Miss D., F.Z.S. ; “Twa Noon,” Lincoln Road, Chalfont-St.-Peter, Bucks. 1956 Gaved, P. H. ; “ Causeway House,” Yatton, Nr. Bristol. 1956 Geary, R. ; Peacehaven Cottages, Willington, Derby. 1957 Geddes, W. ; 50 Glover Street, Redditch, Worcs. 1948 Geertsema, Lt.-Colonel C. C. ; Soestdijk Palace, Baarn, Holland. 1950 Gemmill, John ; Aikenhead, Kilmarnock, Ayrshire. 1956 Gent, Mrs. O. L. ; 88 High Street, Berkhamsted, Herts. 1948 *Gerard, Lord, F.Z.S. , M.B.O.U. ; Blakesware, Ware, Herts. 1956 Gerrits, H. A. ; 667 Rijksstraatweg, Wassenaar, Holland. 1957 Gibbs, John R., M.R.C.V.S. ; P.O. Box 151, Tororo, Uganda, East Africa. 1948 Gill, J. M. ; Kahfax, 14 Station Approach, South Ruislip, Middx. 1946 Gillen, John ; Ballycraigy, Ballymena, Co. Antrim, N. Ireland. 1955 Gillmor, R. A. F. ; 58 Northcourt Avenue, Reading, Berks. 1955 Gilmour, E. F., A.M.A., M.S.B.E. ; Director, Doncaster Museum and Art Gallery, Waterdale, Doncaster. 1953 Gjessing, G. A. ; “ Woodberry Hill,” Konnerud, Drammen, Norway. 1956 Glass, W. G. ; 25 Olympia Hill, Morpeth, Northumberland. 1956 *Gleadow, Dr. E. F. ; The Mill House, Farningham, Kent. 1928 Glenister, A. G., C.B.E., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. ; The Barn House, East Blatchington, Seaford, Sussex. 1931 Glover, P. H., F.Z.S. ; Isa Lei, 2 Round Hill Road, Livermead, Torquay, Devon. 1953 Glover, P. J. ; P.O. Box 12, Ruiru, Kenya Colony, East Africa. 1950 Godwin, J. H. ; “ Cherry Dell,” Alderton Drive, Ashridge Park, Berkhamsted, Herts. 1950 Goetz, L. Dale ; 3116 Ernst Street, Franklin Park, Illinois, U.S.A. 1950 Gomm, F. A. ; The Cave, Amersham Road, Hazlemere, High Wycombe, Bucks. 1953 Good, Mrs. E. H. ; Buckland Fields, Lymington, Hants. 1957 Goodbrand, Mrs. J. S. ; P.O. Box 610, Duncan, British Columbia, Canada. 1958 Goodfellow, F. C. ; 3 Dorset Cottage, Albion Road, Sandhurst, Camberley, Berks. 1958 Goodman, Robert ; Batts Farm, Warlingham, Surrey. 1945 Goodwin, Derek, M.B.O.U. ; c/o Bird Room, British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, S.W. 7. 1956 Goold, S. E. ; 3 Shaw Street, Devonport, Tasmania, Australia. I945 Gordon, Mrs. Beatrice Hood Claeson, F.Z.S. ; Cluny Castle, Mony- musk, Aberdeen. 1951 Gordon, W. H., Jr. ; 4412 West Sixteenth Street, Lubbock, Texas, U.S.A. 1956 Gordon, W. O. ; 160 Wantirna Road, Ringwood, Victoria, Australia. 1958 Gottlieb, Dr. R. ; “ Delrow,” Courtshill Road, Haslemere, Surrey. 1954 Graham, G. ; 56 Market Square, Duns, Berwickshire. 1958 Graham, Mrs. Joy ; 27 Manor Park, London, S.E. 13. 1958 Graham, Richard A. ; 1809 Meadow Drive, Champaign, Ill., U.S.A. 1956 Graham, Robert C. ; June Road, Stamford, Conn., U.S.A. 1935 Grant, Frank ; Parklands, Stoughton Lane, Evington, Leicester. *4 LIST OF MEMBERS 1953 Grantham, R. H. ; 13 St. Wilfrids Road, New Barnet, Herts. 1956 Grassby, J., F.R.H.S. ; “ The Glen,” Mobberley, Nr. Knutsford, Cheshire. 1956 Gravem, Nicholas, Jr. ; 200 Elm Avenue, Mill Valley, Calif., U.S.A. 1958 Graves, Miss D. ; 62 Furthergreen Road, Catford, London, S.E. 6. 1951 Gray, J., A.R.I.B.A. ; “ Braemar,” 2 Dryburn Road, Durham Moor, Durham. 1957 Green, Ernest W. ; 39 Bowen Street, Levin, New Zealand. 1 957 Green, F. A. ; The Pyket, 31 Church Lane, Little Billing, Northampton. 1954 Greenway, K. W. ; “Highbank,” Heath Road, Bladon, Nr. Oxford. 1952 Gregory, J. J. ; 66 Carew Road, Hamden, Conn., U.S.A. 1954 Grewcock, K. R. E. ; 36 Station Road, Marston Green, Nr. Birmingham. 1952 Grice, H. ; Mount Pleasant, Hanging Grimston, Kirby Underdale, York. 1953 Griffiths, A. V., F.Z.S., M.R.G.V.S. ; Dol-llan, Llandyssul, Cards. 1946 Griffiths, William, D.F.LI. ; 19 Ethelbert Road, Wimbledon, London, S.W. 20. 1947 *Griswold, John A. ; The Zoological Society of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Girard Avenue, Philadelphia 4, Pa., U.S.A. 1956 Griswold, Professor Oliver ; 4273 Ingraham Highway, Miami 33, Florida, U.S.A. 1956 Groen, Dr. H. D. ; Rijksstraatweg 252, Haren, Groningen, Holland. 1957 Groom, Charles W. Jr. ; 34 Samuel Street, Peakhurst, Sydney, N.S.W. Australia. 1951 Ground, W. J. ; “ Albion House,” 61 Pinchbeck Road, Spalding, Lines. 1917 Groves, Hon. Mrs. McGarel ; Battramsley House, Lymington, Hants. 1951 Gruber, H. F., F.R.Z.S. (Scot.) ; 9 Churchill, Morningside, Edinburgh 10, 1951 Gudmundsson, Dr. F., M.B.O.U. ; Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 532, Reykjavik, Iceland. 1958 Guinness, Sir Alec, C.B.E. ; Kettlebrook Meadows, Steep Marsh, Petersfield, Hants. 1947 Gulliver, V. S. ; 33 Vale Road, Aylesbury, Bucks. 1957 Gunderson, J. H. ; Dos Pueblos Ranch, RFD 1, Goleta, Calif., U.S.A. 1958 Guppy, C. G. ; “ The Green,” Newbridge-on-Wye, Llandrindod Wells, Radnor. 1927 Gurney, Miss Diana ; North Runcton Hall, King’s Lynn. 1956 Guthrie, James K. ; 3150 Valencia Avenue, San Bernardino, Calif., U.S.A. 1942 Guy, Charles P. ; Lamorna Bird Farm, Combe-in-Teignhead, Newton Abbot, S. Devon. 1957 Gwynne-Evans, Mrs. B. M. ; 6 Eldon Road, London, W. 8. 1958 Haagner, C. H. ; Box 115, Potchefstroom, Transvaal, South Africa. 1939 Hadden, Norman G. ; Underway, West Porlock, Somerset. 1 956 Hafidh, Abdulilah, Governor of the Central Bank of Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq. 1956 Hagan, Miss Mary ; Lismara, Whiteabbey, Belfast, N. Ireland. 1951 Haith, J. E. ; Park Street, Cleethorpes, Lines. 1948 Hale, O. ; Laithfield, Digswell, Welwyn, Herts. 1955 Hall, D. B. ; 3 Rowdeford Cottages, St. Edith’s Marsh, Bromham, Wilts. 1955 Hall, W. C. ; 40 Smith Street, Chelsea, London, S.W. 3. 1957 Halloran, R. ; 42 Parliament Street, Derby. 1937 Halverson, A. W. ; 5705 West Erie Street, Chicago 44, Ill., U.S.A. 1946 Hansen, Paul ; Gormsgade 3, I. Sal, Odense, Denmark. 1952 Hansen, Svend T. ; Ny Skelgaardsvej 21, Kastrup, Amager, Denmark. LIST OF MEMBERS l 5 1958 Hanson, Richard M. ; 68io-i5th N.E., Seattle 15, Washington, U.S.A. 1954 Hargreaves, J. E. ; 256 Upper Batley Lane, Batley, Yorks. 1949 Harman, H. J. ; 10 Haydon Road, Dagenham, Essex. 1954 * Harmon, T. D. ; 3601 W.-102 Street, Inglewood 2, Calif., U.S.A. 1954 Harrap, K. S. ; Box 8228, Belmont, Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia, South Africa. 1950 * Harris, A. J., Jr. ; Rte. 1, Box 24, Pendleton, Virginia, U.S.A. 1958 Harris, Collin ; 41 Harp Road, East Kew, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 1951 Harris, Mrs. E. ; 11 Prince Albert Street, Dudley, Worcs. 1956 Harris, J. E. ; Wood Lawn, Uttoxeter, Staffs. 1958 Harris, Nigel J. L. ; Wood Lawn, Uttoxeter, Staffs. 1956 Harrison, J. F. ; Front Street, Fleming Field, Shotton, Co. Durham. 1956 Harrison, J. G., M.A., M.B., M.R.C.S., M.B.O.U. ; “ Merriewood,” St. Botolph’s Road, Sevenoalcs, Kent. 1957 Harrison, James M., D.S.C., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. ; Bowerwood House, St. Botolph’s Road, Sevenoaks, Kent. 1957 Harrison, R. I. ; 165 Southfield Road, Middlesbrough, Yorks. 1956 Hartshorne, James M. ; The Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, U.S.A. 1945 Harvey, Arthur W. H. ; Rydal, Long Rock, Penzance, Cornwall. 1955 Harwood, P. ; Glebe Road, Darlington, Western Australia. 1957 Hasler, G. E. ; 62 Lindsworth Road, Kings Norton, Birmingham 30. 1930 Hastings, P. H. ; 182 Sultan Road, Landport, Portsmouth. 1952 Hawke, E. H. ; Box 796, Lourenco Marques, Portuguese East Africa. 1956 Hawkins, Roland W. ; Conservatory- Aviary, West Park, Pittsburgh 12, Pa., U.S.A. 1953 * Hawley, W. M. ; 703-1581 Avenue, New Westminster, B.C., Canada. 1956 Haworth, C. T. ; Old Falinge, Rochdale, Lancs. 1946 Hayward, Mrs. D. A. ; Invermay, Highland Avenue, Brentwood, Essex. 1950 Heard, A. C. ; The Cedars, Baschurch, Shrewsbury. 1958 Hearn, A. ; 405 Cedar Road, Camp Hill, Nuneaton, Warwickshire. 1947 Heath, R. E., B.A., M.B.O.U. ; 2 Pembroke Court, Edwardes Square, London, W. 8. 1957 Heatley, Mrs. Seymour ; Churchtown House, Churchtown, Dundrum, Co. Dublin, Eire. 1955 Hediger, Professor Dr. H. ; Zoologischer Garten, Zurich, Switzerland. 1958 Helmerson, Bengt ; Box 105, Pixbo, Sweden. 1958 Henderson, Robert ; 7 Featherhall Crescent South, Corstorphine, Edinburgh. 1957 Henderson, Rodney ; 1 7 Pascoe Terrace, Barmera, South Australia. 1952 * Henderson, Major W. B. ; Viewfield House, Bankfoot, Perthshire. 1957 Henley, C. ; Riverhead Farm, Market Weighton, York. 1956 Henry, Rev. B. C. R. ; B.M.S. Station, G. Udayagiri, Ganjam District, Orissa State, India. 1945 Henry, B. R., M.B., B.Ch., D.P.H., J.P. ; Four Winds, Comber, Belfast, N. Ireland. 1958 Henry, George A. ; 2749 E. 2nd Street, Lond Beach 3, Calif., U.S.A. 1952 Henry, G. M. ; “ Ainsgarth,” Fore Street, Constantine, Falmouth. 1955 Heslop, H. J. ; Witton Lodge, Simonstone, Nr. Burnley. 1958 Hessey, B. S. F. ; Carlton Lodge, Eastfield, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol. 1958 Higginbotham, John, Jr. ; 4912 Milam, Dallas 6, Texas, U.S.A. 1958 Higginbottom, J. ; Belle Vue Zoological Gardens, Manchester 12, Lancs. LIST OF MEMBERS 16 1956 Higginson, A. H. ; Stinsford House, Dorchester, Dorset. 1958 Higgs, George E. ; 8 Bradwell Road, Loughton, Bletchley, Bucks. 1958 Hill, J. C. ; 14 Chestnut Drive, Bexleyheath, Kent. 1957 Hill, L. W., F.R.H.S. ; “ Birdland,” Bourton-on-the-Water, Glos. 1939 Hill, W. G. Osman, M.D., Ch.B., F.L.S., F.Z.S. ; Lancaster House, Prince Albert Road, London, N.W. 8. 1958 Himmatsinji, M. K. ; Jubilee Ground, Bhuj, Kutch, India. 1945 Hindle, E., M.A., Sc.D., Ph.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S. ; The Athenaeum, Pall Mall, London, S.W. 1. 1926 Hirst, Robert S., F.Z.S. ; Swincliffe House, Gomersal, Nr. Leeds. 1954 Hobday, Miss S. I. ; 149 Holland Park Avenue, London, W. 11. 1947 Hodges, J. R., Ph.D. ; 23 Ashridge Gardens, Pinner, Middlesex. 1956 Hodgson, Frank J. ; 30 Hobart Avenue, East Lindfield, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia. 1955 * Hoffmann, L. ; Tour du Valat, par Le Sambuc, B.D.Rh., France. 1956 Holberry, F. H. ; 29 Alvan Street, Higher Openshaw, Manchester 11. 1958 Holdsworth, Keith ; Whitefield House, Whitefield Lane, Tarbock, Lancs. 1956 Holland, H. ; Stamford Park (Joint) Committee, Stalybridge, Cheshire. 1922 Hollas, Mrs. K. E., F.Z.S. ; Hothersall Hall, Ribchester, Nr. Preston, Lancs. 1930 *Hollond, Miss Gladys M. B. ; Great Ashfield House, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk. 1951 Holm, Bjorn ; Drottninggatan 12, Boden, Sweden. 1958 Holmes, C. ; 46 Meagill Rise, Otley, Yorks. 1957 Hood, Mrs. Ruby P. ; 575 Cypress Avenue, Colton, Calif., U.S.A. 1954 Hooper, S. F. ; 35 Frederick Terrace, Wisbech, Cambs. i95i**Hopkinson, Miss E. M. ; “ Wynstay,” Balcombe, Nr. Haywards Heath, Sussex. 1928 Horne, Douglas Percy ; Lloyds, Leadenhall Street, London, E.C. 3. 1956 Horsham, Ronald J. E., F.Z.S., M.I.A. ; Box 3456 Cape Town, South Africa. 1954 Hoskins, N. ; The Cottage, Park Road East, Uxbridge, Middx. 1934 Housden, Major E. F., O.B.E., M.C., T.D., M.A., F.Z.S. ; 126 Bessborough Road, Harrow. 1 948 Housden, Edwin J. T., B.A. ; Senanga, Barotseland Protectorate, Northern Rhodesia. 1933 Housden, Leslie, O.B.E., M.D. ; Roundhead Cottage, Old Basing, Basingstoke, Hants. 1942 Hovell, S. ; 29 Woad Lane, Long Sutton, Spalding, Lines. 1956 Howell, J. Z. ; Aberdeen and Pembroke Roads, Saint Davids, Pennsyl¬ vania, U.S.A. 1958 Hubbard, R. A. ; 5 Manor Way, Boreham Wood, Herts. 1957 Hubbell, Mrs. Russell ; 3521 Chamoune, San Diego 5, Calif., U.S.A. 1952 Huddart, B. J., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. ; Shirley House, Marsh Lane, Taplow, Bucks. 1958 Hudson, Harold W. ; 34 Hampton Street, Hampton S.7, Victoria, Australia. 1956 Huebner, H. B. ; Route 4, Box 420, Niles, Michigan, U.S.A. 1950 Hughes, N. D. ; 1 High Street, Hampton Hill, Middx. 1956 Hughes, P. ; Furneaux Pelham Hall, Buntingford, Herts. 1956 Hughes, Mrs. Rose ; 928 Teetshorn Street, Houston 9, Texas, U.S.A. 1958 Hugo, Reginald G. ; 1371 Canterbury Road, Punchbowl, N.S.W., Australia. LIST OF MEMBERS *7 1957 Hulley, P. ; 34 Divine Road, Milton Park, Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia. 1958 Humphries, G. ; “ Paize,” Poughill, Nr. Bude, North Cornwall. 1957 Hunt, A. C. ; “ Culwulla,” Private Bag, Inverell, N.S.W., Australia. 1953 Hunt, W. G. ; 26 Middle Street, Brixham, Devon. 1939 Hurlburt, Dr. W. E. ; Vineland, Ontario, Canada. 1930 Hutchinson, G. Rowland ; 736 Remuera Road, Auckland, New Zealand. 1947 Huyton, A. E. ; 55 Victoria Road, Great Crosby, Liverpool 23. 1956 Hyde, D. O. ; Yamsay Ranch, Chiloquin, Oregon, U.S.A. 1957 Hyland, D. E. ; P.O. Box 5, Ficksburg, O.F.S., South Africa. 1957 Hynd, A. R. ; 1 Wauchope Place, Langholm, Dumfriesshire, Scotland. 1956 Hyndman, Ian V. ; 353 Lower Heidelberg Road, East Ivanhoe N. 21., Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 1940 *Iles, Gerald T., F.Z.S. ; c/o 3819 Avenue Calixa-Lavallee, Montreal, Canada. 1939 Indge, H. J., F.Z.S. ; Trimstone, Thorpe, Surrey. 1953 Inglis, J. F., F.R.Z.S.(Scot.) ; The Vale Hotel, Alford, Aberdeenshire. 1954 Ingram, Mrs. P. ; 96 Holland Road, Hove 2, Sussex. 1948 Irving, G. J. ; 2 Grove Road, Egremont, Cumberland. 1952 *Isakson, Dr. E. W. ; 168 West 12th Street, Ogden, Utah, U.S.A. 1926 Isenberg, A. H. ; 451 Portola Road, Portola Valley, California, U.S.A. 1958 Jahnke, Larry ; St. John’s University, Department of Conservation, Collegeville, Minnesota, U.S.A. x953 J as aw all a, C. M. ; “ Hill Crest,” 14 Salisbury Park, Poona, India. r947 *Jasdan, Y. S. Shivrajrhachar of ; The Palace, Jasdan, (Saurashtra), India. 1957 Jeffs, J. H., F.Z.S. ; Green Gables, 2 Church Road, Alsagar, Stoke-on- Trent. 1956 Jersey, The Earl of ; Radier, Longueville, Jersey, Channel Islands. 1956 Jewell, A. ; 54 Oxford Road, Burford, Oxfordshire. 1958 Jinadasa, G. P. ; 44 Kandy Road, Gampola, C.P., Ceylon. 1952 Johnson, F. E. B., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. ; “ Willow Close,” Mill Lane, Hulcote, Bletchley, Bucks. 1951 Johnstone, S. T. ; The Wildfowl Trust, The New Grounds, Slimbridge, Glos. x949 Jones, C. G. ; 8416 Midland Road, Bellevue, Washington, U.S.A. 1956 Jones, D. G. ; 7 Cambrian Road, Richmond, Surrey. x933 Jones, F. Terry, F.Z.S. ; Leckford Abbas, Stockbridge, Hants. x934 Jones, S. B. ; Five Oaks, 97 Liverpool Road, Lydiate, Lancs. x95° Jones, Major V. Dilwyn, M.B.E., M.M., T.D. ; “ Sherwood,” Grosvenor Road, Llandrindod Wells, Radnor. 1956 Joseph, Miss S. R. ; 51 Tudor Close, Brixton Hill, London, S.W. 2. 1956 Kadel, Mrs. M. ; “ Pamaroo,” Roma, Queensland, Australia. x955 Kagawa, Mitami ; Ritsurin Park Zoo, Takamatsu City, Kagawa-Ken, Japan. LIST OF MEMBERS l8 1958 Kay, Herbert ; 7 Seafield Road, Lytham, Lytham St. Annes, Lancs. 1957 Keats, P. A. ; 5 Station Road, Kirby Muxloe, Leicestershire. 1957 Keightly, J. B. ; P.O. Glendale, Southern Rhodesia. 1951 Kellogg, Mrs. F. M. ; 955 Park Avenue, New York 28, U.S.A. 1956 Kelty, Donald W. ; Box 307, Hamilton, Victoria, Australia. 1956 Kendall, M. ; c/o Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, N.W. it 1953 Kendall, S. B., Ph.D., B.Sc., M.R.G.V.S., A.R.G.S., F.Z.S. ; Weir Cottage, Bridge Road, Ghertsey, Surrey. 1955 Kennedy, D. ; Rt. 2, Quitman, Georgia, U.S.A. 1958 Kenyon, Robert P. ; P.O. Box 9, 1923 W. 22nd Street, Lorain, Ohio, U.S.A. 1958 Kenzie, David L. ; 18 Don Road, Devonport, Tasmania, Australia. 1927 Kerr, J. E. ; Harviestoun, Dollar, Scotland. 1958 Kibler, Lewis F., M.D. ; 716 Ohio River Blvd., Sewickley, Pa., U.S.A. 1955 Killick, B. M. ; “ Sandhome,” Raunds, Wellingborough, Northants. 1938 King, H. T. ; Flat B, 36 Magdala Road, Mapperley Park, Nottingham. 1956 Kingston, J. ; “Berwyn,” Bilston Road, Willenhall, Staffs. 1936 * Kinsey, Eric C. ; 17 Southwood Avenue, Ross, Calif., U.S.A. 1950 Kirk, Keith G. ; 54 Station Road, Sutton-in-Ashfield, Notts. 1953 Kirk, R. S., M.B., F.Z.S. ; 3 Park Crescent, London, W. 1. 1948 Kirkaldy, Mrs. M., F.Z.S. ; The Grove, Warley Mount, Brentwood, Essex. 1952 Kirkham, R. G. ; “ The Gables,” Wynnsward Park, Glonskeagh, Co. Dublin, Eire. 1957 Kjelland, Erling G. ; 1728 N. Sedgewick, Chicago 14, Ill., U.S.A. 1956 Klenk, Arthur J. ; Doolette Road, Spearwood, Western Australia. 1954 Klovekorn, Werner ; Pfalzdorferstrasse 61, (22A) Goch/Rhld, Western Germany. 1928 Knobel-Harman, Miss M. H., F.Z.S. ; 19 Connaught Square, London, W.2. 1954 Kraus, F. ; Neuried 1, Miinchen 49, Germany. 1955 Kreuger, R. ; Stockholmsgatan 17, Helsingfors, Finland. 1957 Kuffall, Mrs. M. T. ; 2 The Drive, Mardley Hill, Welwyn, Herts. 1954 Kyme, R. T. ; 30 King Street, Kirton, Nr. Boston, Lines. 1947 Labdon, B. ; Millberne, Cullompton, Devon. 1957 Labrum, V. P. ; “ Labrani,” 28 Borrowcop Lane, Lichfield, Staffs. 1958 Lacey, George M. ; Route 2, Box 217, Fort Myers, Florida, U.S.A. 1929 Laidlay, J. C. ; Holmwood, Isla Road, Perth, Scotland. 1951 Lake, F. B., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.Z.S. ; The White House, 5 Ports¬ mouth Road, Kingston-on-Thames. 1937 Lake, George D. ; Potters Cross House, Iver Heath, Bucks. 1945 Lamb, A. ; Mount Pleasant, Hexham, Northumberland. 1957 Lambert, A. J. ; 1 Beechcroft Close, Sunninghill, Ascot, Berks. 1956 Lampson, Miss B. Locker ; Keepers Cottage, Copthorne, Sussex. 1954 Lancaster, M. C., Ph.D., B.Sc., M.R.C.V.S., F.Z.S. ; 76 Westwood Road, Bemerton Heath, Salisbury, Wilts. 1 957 Lane, G. B. ; Moor Cottage, Arbrook Lane, Esher, Surrey. 1954 Lang, Dr. E. M. ; Zoologischer Garten, Basel, Switzerland. 1950 Langberg, Walther ; Tudskaervej 22, Copenhagen, Vanlose, Denmark. 1958 Langridge, E. A. ; “ Rustic Way,” Church Lane, Northaw, Potters Bar, Middx. LIST OF MEMBERS J9 1919 Law, Satya Churn, M.A., Ph.D., F.Z.S., F.N.I., M.B.O.U. ; 50 Kailas Bose Street, Calcutta, India. 1952 Lawrence, C. C. ; Normacot, Cressing, Braintree, Essex. 1955 Lawrence, K. J., F.Z.S. ; 65 St. Mary’s Road, Kelvedon, Nr. Colchester, Essex. 1930 Lax, J. M. S. ; Southfield, Crook, Co. Durham. 1949 Lazzeroni, Ivo ; 524 South Dancove Drive, West Covina, Calif., U.S.A. 1956 Learnard, R. A. ; 1200 Ring Building, Washington 6, D.C., U.S.A. 1956 Leatherbarrow, R. ; 4 Oxford Street, Finedon, Wellingborough, Northants. 1958 Leber, Miss Joyce ; Mitcham Road, Donvale, Victoria, Australia. 1958 Lee, C. R. ; 21 Church Lane, Bainton, Stamford, Lines. 1953 Lee, N. A. ; 8 Canada Crescent, Bispham, Blackpool. 1957 Leighton, A. L. ; 42 Bramley Avenue, Coulsdon, Surrey. 1946 *Lemon, Miss E. K. ; c/o 1007 Government Street, Victoria, B.C., Canada. 1947 Leslie, John ; 34 Amroth Avenue, Toronto 13, Ontario, Canada. 1949 Lever, H. ; 64 Union Street, Hyde, Cheshire. 1957 Levon, Dr. H. ; Box 497, Welkom, O.F.S., South Africa. 1957 Lewis, Mrs. Karl E. ; P.O. Box 148, Houma, Lousiana, U.S.A. 1958 Lewis, Leslie G. ; Sheriff’s Office, Court House, Narrandera, N.S.W., Australia. 1946 Lewis, W. O. ; “ Milnsbridge,” Bicton Heath, Shrewsbury. x955 Lievens, D. ; Kaaiweg 44, Moerzeke, by Dendermonde, Belgium. 1952 Limberg, Hans ; Harscampstrasse 62, Bad Aachen, Germany. 1951 Lindsay, A. ; P.O. Box 624, Sequim, Washington, U.S.A. 1956 Lindsay, P. A. ; “ Glendene,” Surig Road, Canvey Island, Essex. 1951 Lippens, Comte Leon ; Den Hul, 43 Boslaan, Knocke-Le Zoute, Belgium. 1941 Livermore, John W. ; The Old Stone House Farm, P.O. Box 77, West Redding, Conn., U.S.A. 1956 Longhurst, Mrs. A. R. ; Fisheries Development and Research Unit, Freetown, Sierra Leone, West Africa. 1956 Longney, C. W. ; Oxford Chambers, St. Stephen’s Street, Bristol 1. 1954 Lonsdale, Mrs. E. M. ; Grove House, Stapleford Abbotts, Romford, Essex. 1958 Lorrison, W. R. ; 7 Cedar Court, Portsmouth Road, Long Ditton, Surrey. 1951 Louwman, P. ; Dierenpark Wassenaar, Rijksstraatweg 667, Wassenaar, Holland. 1927 Lowe, Rev. J. R., M.A. ; The Vicarage, Coin St. Aldwyns, Cirencester, Glos. 1955 Luke, J. A. ; Bona Lodge, Aldourie, Inverness. 1947 Lumsden, Lt.-Col. William V. ; Sluie, Banchory, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. 1956 Lupton, H. ; 21 Deneside Mount, Bankfoot, Bradford 5, Yorks. 1952 Luther, H. M. ; 26 Park Crescent, Portland Place, Regent’s Park, London W. 1 . 1 956 Luttmer, J. ; Esher Park Avenue, Esher, Surrey. 1947 Lynch, G., F.Z.S. ; 21 Sunnycroft Road, Hounslow, Middx. 1957 Lyons, Mrs. June R. ; P.O. Box 1947, Durban, South Africa. 1948 Mack, H. G. ; 11 Elora Street, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. 1954 Macleod, N. ; White Lodge, Strathpeffer, Scotland. 1953 Macrae, Miss H. I. ; 15 Forbes Road, Edinburgh 10, Scotland. 1957 Macrow, Peter M. ; c/o Box 15, Kybybolite, South Australia. 1958 Madigan, Mrs. Cynthia B. ; Branwen, Sands Point Road, Sands Point, Long Island, New York, U.S.A. 20 LIST OF MEMBERS 1947 Maitland, Miss M. C. ; North Lodge, Goring-by-Sea, Sussex. 1956 Makin, G. ; “ Ashbourne,” Craven Road, Rainhill, Nr. Liverpool. 1958 Male, W. ; 16 High Street, Potters Bar, Middx. 1958 Malkinson, N. S. ; Wargundy Orchards (Pty.) Ltd., P.O. Box 18, Westminster, O.F.S., South Africa. 1954 Marler, G. J. S. ; Pheasants Nest, Weston Underwood, Olney, Bucks. 1957 Marsh, E. G. ; Cuckoo Paddock, Nempnett, Blagdon, Nr. Bristol. 1957 Marsh, Mrs. E. G. ; Cuckoo Paddock, Nempnett, Blagdon, Nr. Bristol. 1930 Martin, A. ; 26 Somerford Road, Reddish, Stockport. 1951 Mason, H., M.G., F.Z.S. ; 2 Dunstan Road, London, N.W. 11. 1952 Mason, L. M. ; Talbot Manor, Fincham, King’s Lynn, Norfolk. 1956 Matthews, F. A. ; 66 Tindale Road, Artarmon, N.S.W., Australia. 1958 Matthews, T. J. ; 9 Hillside Gardens, Walthamstow, E. 17. 1956 Maxwell, E. A. ; “ Warrambien,” Cove, Dumbartonshire. 1929 Maxwell, P. H., F.Z.S. , M.B.O.U. ; c/o Zoological Society of London, Whipsnade Park, Nr. Dunstable, Beds. 1913 *Maxwell-Jackson, Miss M., F.Z.S. ; Percy House, Scotton, Knares- borough, Yorks. 1922 * Mayer, F. W. Shaw, C.M.Z.S. ; c/o Mr. R. W. Tebb, Lae, New Guinea, via Australia. 1955 Mees, G. F. ; Western Australian Museum, Perth, Western Australia. 1958 Meijer, F. ; Buurtweg y Doom, Holland. 1958 Melvin, C. H. ; 331 27th Street, Hermosa Beach, Calif., U.S.A. 1957 Menichini, Patrick ; Philadelphia Zoological Garden, 34th Street and Girard Avenue, Philadelphia 4, Penn., U.S.A. 1935 Merck, Dr. Wolfgang ; Rupert Strasse 55, Hamburg-Nieustedten, Germany. 1950 Merry, G. ; 89 King William Street, Tunstall, Stoke-on-Trent. 1956 Meyers, Dudley C. ; Messrs. Sinclair Murray and Co., Private Ltd.; 14 India Exchange Place, Calcutta 1, India. 1953 Middleton, L. G. ; The Old Vicarage, Church Town, Nr. Garstang, Lancs. 1951 Midwinter, J. ; 62 Oxford Road, Burford, Oxford. 1958 Milburn, H. ; 25 Windsor Road, Kirkhill, Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland. 1956 Milford, B. F. ; 2 Fairway Avenue, Boreham Wood, Herts. 1957 Millar, Ivan G. ; 141 Seventh Avenue, Royston Park, South Australia. 1958 * Miller, Douglas Scott, M.A.O.U. ; 122 Lawrence Avenue East, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 1951 Miller, H. E. ; “ Westwater,” Tedburn St. Mary, Nr. Exeter, Devon. 1950 Miller, R. C. ; Standard Bank of South Africa, Ltd., Pietermaritzburg, Natal, S. Africa. 1937 Milligan, H. ; Upper Manor Farm, Leckford, Stockbridge, Hants. 1951 Milligan, I. B. ; 5 Silsey Avenue, Sale, Cheshire. 1957 Mills, G. H. L. ; 56 Picton Road, Hakin, Milford Haven, Pembs., S. Wales. 1956 Milne, L. Thornton, M.A.(Agric.) Cantab ; Lower Goombe Farm, East Allington, Nr. Totnes, S. Devon. 1951 Milne, R. S. ; 18 Silverwell Street, Bolton, Lancs. 1929 Milnes-Coates, Gapt. Sir Clive, Bart., O.B.E., F.Z.S. ; 13 Hyde Park Gate, London, S.W. 7. 1937 Milton, Capt. Stanley F. ; 75 Portland Avenue, Gravesend, Kent. 1958 Milward, Victor G. ; P.O. Box 99, Lilongwe, Nyasaland. 1957 Mitchell, Alan G. ; 77 Welford Road, Sutton Coldfield, Warwicks. LIST OF MEMBERS 21 1943 Mitchell, Harold A. ; 2 Stuart Street, East Kilbride, Lanarkshire. 1956 Mitchell, J. ; 33 Chapman Street, Wakari, Dunedin, New Zealand. 1952 Mitchell, R. E. ; 49 Woodlands Avenue, Church End, Finchley, N. 3. 1950 Mitchell-Fox, Mrs. E. M. ; Tresawle, Wheatridge Lane, Livermead, Torquay, Devon. 1956 Miyake, Masami ; P.O. Box 11, Kakogawa-shi, Hyogo-ken, Japan. 1958 Moir, J. ; 8 Hill Crescent, Blackley, Manchester 9, Lancs. 1958 Mondal, Pran Gopal ; Bawali, P.O. Bawali, Dist. 24 — Parganas, West Bengal, India. 1926 Moody, A. F. ; Lilford, Oundle, Peterborough. 1958 Moore, The Rev. C. E., M.A. ; The Vicarage, Holmrook, Cumberland. 1957 Moore, D. R. ; Rose Lea, Leven Road, Yarm, Yorks. 1950 Moore, J. T. ; 17 Gold Street, Wellingborough, Northants. 1928 Moore, Robert T. ; The Moore Zoological Laboratory, Box 388, Occidental College, Los Angeles 41, California, U.S.A. 1954 Morgan, Mrs. A. ; 38 Inham Road, Chilwell, Notts. 1958 Morgan, G. H. ; The Gunns, Takeley, Nr. Bishop’s Stortford, Herts. 1958 Morgan, R. J. ; 36 Fox Road, Whipton, Exeter. 1949 Morny, C. J. ; 52 Draycott Place, London, S.W. 3. 1931 Morrison, A. R. G., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. ; c/o Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China, Kuching, Sarawak. 1956 Morton, Rev. Neville ; 38 Tempest Avenue, Darfield, Nr. Barnsley, Yorks. 1947 Mosford, Frank ; The Elms, Churton Heath, Saighton, Nr. Chester. 1956 Mosheim, E. ; 7 Gardiner Road, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia. 1927 Mott, B. ; Grey Mill Farm, Wootton Wawen, Nr. Henley-in- Arden. 1929 Mottershead, G. S., F.Z.S. ; Zoological Gardens, Chester. 1923 Mountain, Capt. Walton ; Groombridge Place, Groombridge, Kent. 1957 Muff, R. N. ; 6. St. Pauls Avenue, Halifax Road, Bradford 6. 1956 Muirhead, D. W. ; 23 Somerleyton Street, Unthank Road, Norwich, Norfolk. 1956 Mulcahy, S. ; 21 Roberts Road, Haddenham, Nr. Aylesbury, Bucks. 1958 Mullen, Mrs. Grace E. ; 158 N. Hill Street, Pasadena, Calif., U.S.A. 1957 Muller, Roland A. ; Box E., Santee, Calif., U.S.A. 1947 Murray, H. ; Bracken, Cornsland, Brentwood, Essex. 1952 Murray, J. B. ; c/o Messrs. Bovril, Ltd., 123 Chauss6e de Mons, Brussels, Belgium. 1939 Murray, R. J. ; 12 High Road, Camberwell E. 6, Victoria, Australia. 1949 Murray, Samuel, F.Z.S. ; 18 Somerset Gardens, Lewisham, S.E. 13. 1956 McCreery, G. H. ; “ Roydon,” Hazel Croft, Carr Lane, Shipley, Yorks. 1926 *McCullagh, Sir Crawford, Bart. ; Lismara, Whiteabbey, Belfast, N. Ireland. 1958 McEwen, A. ; 157 Wells Road, Knowle, Bristol 4. 1950 McGowan, H. ; 13 Robertson Way, Ash, Aldershot, Hants. 1956 McGrath, Joseph J. ; Curragh Grange, Curragh, Co. Kildare, Eire. 1 953 McHale, J. P. ; 1526 W. Highland Avenue, Chicago 26, Ill., U.S.A. 1954 McKee, Mrs. K. M. ; 2603 Maple Crescent, Rossland, B.C., Canada. 1950 McKenzie, D. L. ; The New Inn, Winchelsea, Sussex. 1955 McLachlan, G. R. ; Museum and Snake Park, 28 Bird Street, Port Elizabeth, S. Africa. 1 955 McLaughlin, T. J. ; The Bungalow, Gordon Ave., Foxrock, Co. Dublin, Eire. LIST OF MEMBERS 22 1955 McLean, A., B.Sc., M.R.C.V.S., D.V.H., F.R.S.I. ; Bellevue Zoological Gardens, Belfast, N. Ireland. 1958 McNaughton, Lindsay ; Melba Estates, P.O. Box 35, Mooketsi, Northern Transvaal, South Africa. 1952 Newell, J. P., Ph.C., M.P.S.I., D.Opt., M.I.O.S. ; 4 Pearse Street, Athlone, Eire. 1930 Newill, D. S., M.D. ; Box 634, Connellsville, Pa., U.S.A. 1953 Newland, R. A. ; 93 Arne Avenue, Parkstone, Poole, Dorset. 1956 Newmark, G. H., C.M.Z.S. ; Court Lees School, South Godstone, Surrey. 1931 Nicholson, N. ; Edenvale, 16 Weardale Place, Stockton-on-Tees. 1958 Nickon, Donald C. ; 8435 South Peoria Street, Chicago 20, Ill., U.S.A. 1 955 Nicolai, Dr. J. ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Verhaltensphysiologie, Post Landstetten iiber Starnberg, Obb., Seewiesen, Germany. 1947 Nicoullaud, J. G. ; 48 rue Descartes, Chinon, France. 1958 Niedorfer, Max ; 129 Esmond Road, Port Pirie, South Australia. 1954 Nixon, T. F. E. ; “ Honeystones,” Leverington, Wisbech, Cambs. 1947 Noble, R. A. W. ; Little Grange, Canterbury Road, Margate, Kent. 1958 Noon, J. H. ; 16 Avenue Moscicki, Uccle, Brussels, Belgium. 1948 Noordzij, J. H. ; Zanderijweg 52, Apeldoorn, Holland. 1949 Noreen, George W. ; P.O. Box 323, Willamina, Oregon, U.S.A. 1939 Norris, Kenneth A., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. ; Elmstone, 45 Highfield Road, Purley, Surrey. 1953 Oakes, J. H. ; 93 Robinet Road, Beeston, Nottingham. 1956 Oakie, Walter V. ; Ransom Road, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, U.S.A. 1958 Oakley, D. ; 72 Fackley Road, Stanton Hill, Sutton-in-Ashfield, Notts. 1958 O’Connell, P. ; Box 125, Currie, King Island, Tasmania, Australia. 1956 O’Connell, W. C. ; 105 Fayette Circle, South Hills, Covington, Kentucky, U.S.A. 1955 Oliver, C. ; Keepers Lodge, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, N.W. 1. 1950 Olivier, Georges, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. ; 6 rue Ch.-Flavigny, Elbeuf (Seine Inferieure), France. 1945 Olson, Leo B. ; 835 South First Street, De Kalb, Illinois, U.S.A. 1 957 Olssen, Mrs. Marie Earl ; 85-34 — 148th Street, Jamaica 35, New York, U.S.A. 1952 Olsson, C. J. ; Erik Dahlbergsgatan 19, Gothenburg C., Sweden. 1955 O’Neill, Jorge ; Largo do Conde Barao 5, Lisbon, Portugal. 1956 Orlando, Dr. Vittorio ; Via Roma 401, Palermo, Italy. 1954 Orsatti, P. ; 97 Beaver Avenue, Toronto 4, Ontario, Canada. 1957 Ostermeyer, K. A. ; 30a Downbank Avenue, Barnehurst, Kent. 1928 Ostrehan, Clement ; Kington Rectory, Flyford Flavel, Worcester. 1947 Overend, Miss Eunice ; 49 Alexandra Road, Frome, Somerset. 1953 Overlander, D. ; Austrasse 17, Bad Honnef/Rhein, Germany. 1957 Owen, T. C. ; Upper Hilcot Farm, Withington, Nr. Cheltenham, Glos. 1953 Ozanne, H. W. H. ; Istambool Lodge, La Ram£e, St. Peter Port, Guernsey, C.I. 1956 Page, Mrs. B. V. ; “ Greenanore,” Tewin Wood, Welwyn, Herts. 1956 Pallett, L. E. ; “ Peter Pan,” 8 Twynham Road, Maidenhead, Berks. LIST OF MEMBERS 23 1944 Palmella, The Duke of, F.Z.S. ; 116 Rua Escola Polytechnica, Lisbon, Portugal. 1957 Palmer, H. G. ; The Shrubbery, 115 Roman Road, Birstall, Leics. 1955 Palsson, W. F. ; Halldorsstadir, Laxardal, via Husavik, Iceland. 1950 Panting, Peter J., B.Sc., F.Z.S. ; Y Felin Isaf, Drim, Dyffryn, Goodwick, Pembs. 1957 Paoletti, Giovanni ; Societa Italiana A.V.I.E., Borgo San Lorenzo 3, Firenze, Italy. 1957 Pape, T. V. F., F.Z.S. ; “ Hollington,” Kimbolton Road, Bedford. 1954 Paris, P. G. ; Boskenna, St. Buryan, Cornwall. 1958 Parken, Derrick ; P.O. Box 2071, Sarasota, Florida, U.S.A. 1957 Parker, G. ; 23 Hudson Street, Newton Park, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. 1956 Parkes, K. C., Ph.D., M.B.O.U. ; Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh 13, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. 1958 Parsons, John L. ; Box 18, Kimba, (Eyre’s Peninsula), South Australia. 1957 Partridge, G. R. ; 75 The Cottages, Stony Hills, Nr. Ware, Herts. 1952 Partridge, P. B. ; 164 Waverley Avenue, Twickenham, Middx. 1934 Partridge, W. R., F.Z.S. ; The Bungalow, Lower Haselor, Nr. Evesham, W ores. iqtj2 Patten, R. A., B.V.Sc. : “ Dunromin,” Windsor Road, Kellyville, N.S.W., Australia. 1949 Payn, Major W. H., M.B.E., M.B.O.U. ; Hartest Place, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk. 1950 Payne, C. M. ; The Malt House, Barford, Warwick. 1955 Payne, Mrs. C. M. ; The Malt House, Barford, Warwick. 1957 Pearl, H. ; Lords Bridge, Harlton, Cambs. 1957 Pearson, Charles J. ; 685 N. Helena Street, Anaheim, Calif., U.S.A. 1957 Pearson, H. E. ; Pearson’s Bird and Animal Farm, Southbury, Conn., U.S.A. 1958 Pearson, Mrs. M. Forbes ; The County Hotel, Abington Avenue, Northampton. 1940 Peat, Roderick M., F.Z.S. ; 11 Ironmonger Lane, London, E.C. 2. 1958 Pemberton-English, Jack ; c/o City Water Dept. (Ex Wks.), City Hall, Singapore 6. 1958 Perry, A. ; 245 Royal College Street, London, N.W. 1. 1953 Perry, J. A. W. ; 14 New Way, Pinelands, Nr. Cape Town, S. Africa. 1956 Peters, Mrs. Margaret F. ; Plashett Park Farm, Ringmer, Nr. Lewes, Sussex. 1957 Pettengill, David G. ; 518 N. First Street, Libertyville, Ill., U.S.A. 1958 Pflugfelder, John ; 2222 North Clark Street, Chicago 14, Ill., U.S.A. 1958 Phillips, D. H. G. ; The Croft, 27 Shirley Drive, Hove, Sussex. 1954 Phillips, Miss R. F. ; 488 Shirley Road, Hall Green, Birmingham 28. 1935 Phipps, Mrs. L. N., F.Z.S., ; The Manor House, Minster Lovell, Oxon. 1955 Pigg, Nolan ; 3707 Jackson Street, Bellwood, Ill., U.S.A. 1954 Pilcher, R. E. M., M.A., F.R.C.S. ; The Meadows, 39 Spilsby Road, Boston, Lines. 1934 Pitt, W. S. ; Wildwood, Silverdale Avenue, Walton-on-Thames, Surrey. 1924 Plath, K. ; 1 14 S. East Avenue, Oak Park, Ill., U.S.A. 1956 Plumb, T. R. ; The Cayley Arms, Rhos-on-Sea, Colwyn Bay, N. Wales. 1958 Poe, Mrs. Frances ; 147 Linden Avenue, Wilmette, Ill., U.S.A. 1949 Pohle, Prof. Horst C. ; Teachers’ Training College (P.T.P.G.), Tondano, North Celebes, Indonesia. 1937 Polak, Dr. A. C. ; Spoorstraat 15, Amersfoort, Holland. *4 LIST OF MEMBERS 1925 Poltimore, Lady ; Benwell, P.O. Box 6, Bindura, Southern Rhodesia. 1956 Pope, P. A. ; 13 Torrington Road, Ashford, Kent. 1956 Porter, G. J. C., F.Z.S. ; 62 New Park Avenue, Palmers Green, London, N. 13. 1957 Porter, H. D. ; 164 Park Road, Bearwood, Smethwick 41, Staffs. 1914 Potter, Bernard E., M.B., M.R.G.S., L.R.C.P., F.Z.S. ; 39 Devonshire Place, London, W. 1. 1 958 Powell, B. ; Moorabool Road, Batesford, via Geelong, Victoria, Australia. 1958 Powell, G. F. ; 57 Highfield Road, Gheadle Hulme, Cheshire. 1956 Powers, James F. ; 736 Martin Blvd., San Leandro, Calif., U.S.A. 1957 Praill, L. J. ; “ The Knoll,” Church Road, Tupsley, Hereford. 1958 Precious, Mrs. L. ; 16 Albion Street, Northgate, Wakefield, Yorks. 1928 *Prestwich, Arthur A. ; 61 Chase Road, Oakwood, London, N. 14. 1951 Priest, Dr. A. A., D.D.S. ; 434-6 Acheson Building, 2131 University Avenue, Berkeley 4, Calif., U.S.A. 1956 Pritchard, J. P. ; Duke’s Highway, Bordertown, South Australia. 1958 Proctor, M./Sgt. William R. ; 3929 Abron, U.S.A.F. Base, Daws Hill Lane, High Wycombe, Bucks. 1956 Purdy, R. F. W. ; Flat No. 1, “ Riverhome,” The Green, Hampton Court, Middx. 1958 Putters, Fr. ; “ Solskin,” Helvoirtseweg 160, Vught, Holland. 1953 Pye, Brigadier Randall, D.S.O. ; Avenings Farm, Danehill, Sussex. 1948 Quenby, H. F. ; “Standard ” House, High Street, Baldock, Herts. 1958 Quick, E. A. ; 19 Delville Avenue, Durban, Natal, South Africa. 1913 Quincey, R. S. de Q., F.Z.S. ; The Vern, Marden, Hereford. !957 Quinque, Dr. Henry, 4 Rue de Civry, Paris i6e, France. 1957 Radtke, Eldon ; 716 Henry Street, Peru, Ill., U.S.A. 1954 Raeven, Dr. M. A. ; Houwelingenplantsoen 8, Vught, ’s Hertogenbosch, Holland. 1956 Ramsden, J. ; “ Millbrook,” Benton Park, Harrogate Road, Rawdon, Nr. Leeds. 1954 Randau, G. ; Avenida Rui Barbosa 500, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. 1950 Rath, Joseph ; Maria Lutzst. 9, Pfaffenhofen-Jlm (Oberbayern), Germany. 1939 Raven, William H., O.B.E. ; Meadow Cottage, Church Walk. Welles- bourne, Nr. Warwick. 1948 Ray, Mrs. V. E. ; Hulwating Tea Estate, Amhuri P.O., Assam, India. 1947 Reay, J. H. ; Cranmore, The Close, Hillingdon, Middx. 1956 Rebello, Stephen ; 1428 Grand Army Highway, Somerset, Massachusetts, U.S.A. 1958 Records, G. ; 3650 W. 105th Street, Inglewood, Calif., U.S.A. 1955 Redman, D. S., F.Z.S. ; Bleak Hall, Biggleswade, Beds. 1958 Redshaw, Ronald ; 37 Delhi Street, Lidcombe, N.S.W., Australia. 1956 Reed, R. C. ; 1 1 Montah Avenue, Killara, N.S.W., Australia. 1950 Rees, F. A. D. ; Leckford, Stockbridge, Hants. 1956 Reeve, J. M. ; Ash Lea, New Station Road, Bolsover, Nr. Chesterfield. 1956 Reid, G. ; Milton Street North, Nelson, New Zealand. LIST OF MEMBERS 25 1951 Reid-Henry, D. M. ; 43 West View Drive, Woodford Green, Essex. 1958 Reilly, K. P. ; Box 2, Tungamah, Victoria, Australia. 1951 Rendell, R. G. ; 60 Guinions Road, High Wycombe, Bucks. 1957 Reynolds, S. ; P.O. Box 1055, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. 1950 Rich, Joseph W. ; 1073 West nth Street, San Pedro, Calif., U.S.A. 1958 Richards, A. W. ; 1 Kathleen Street, North Ryde, N.S.W., Australia. 1958 Richardson, F. H. ; 220 Seventh Avenue, Bez. Valley, Johannesburg, South Africa. 1955 Richardson, J. ; 106 Bransty Road, Whitehaven, Cumberland. 1949 Richardson, James ; Spencer House, 101 Stockton Lane, York. 1953 Ridley, C. T. ; Birdwarren Farm, Varsity View P.O., Box 217, Charleswood, Manitoba, Canada. 1954 Rigge, J. S. ; Old Broadgate, Millom, Cumberland. 1948 Riis-Hansen, Kai ; Norre Alle 75, Glostrup, Denmark. 1937 *Ripley, S. Dillon, Ph.D., M.B.O.U. ; Kilravock, Litchfield, Conn., U.S.A. 1958 Ripper, Frank A. ; 10 Tyne Street, Burwood E. 13, Victoria, Australia. 1 935 Risdon, D. H. S., F.Z.S. ; The Dudley Zoological Society, Dudley, Worcs. 1943 Robertson, Dr. A. R. ; P.O. Box 95, Kroonstad, O.F.S., South Africa. 1947 Robinson, B. E. ; Field House, Blackborough Road, Reigate, Surrey. 1951 Robinson, G. E. ; 487 Little Horton Lane, Bradford 5. 1956 Robinson, Mrs. J. E., F.Z.S. ; Flat 1, 63 Nightingale Lane, Balham, London, S.W. 12. 1927 Robison, A. W. ; 135 Maiden Lane, San Francisco 8, Calif., U.S.A. 1957 Robson, E. G. ; 114 Woodlands Avenue, Eastcote, Ruislip, Middx. 1952 Rodgers, J. ; 39 Fore Street, Totnes, Devon. 1957 Roer, Bernard ; 6553 N. — 27th Avenue, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A. 1956 Roger, A. S. ; 16 Walton Street, London, S.W. 3. 1957 Rohrlach, M. L. ; 12 Harrow Road, Somerton Park, Adelaide, South Australia. 1955 Rokosky, Emil J. ; Racine Zoological Park, 2131 North Main Street, Racine, Wis., U.S.A. 1951 Rolph, W. ; Undley Lodge, Lakenheath, Suffolk. 1958 Rooke, B. C. ; 15 The Villas, High Santon, Scunthorpe, Lines. 1957 Rooke, P. ; 52 Redbourn Way, Scunthorpe, Lines. 1945 Rooney, James P., M.B.O.U. ; 1514 South 12th Avenue, Yakima, Washington, U.S.A. 1954 Rose, W. H. ; Hill Cottage, Lubenham Hill, Market Harborough, Leics. 1956 Rosseel-Neyrinck, V. ; Iseghemstreet 287, Rumbeke, Belgium. 1 9^4 Rossiter, Dr. N. A. ; Colonial Mutual Bldg., West Street, Durban, Natal, S. Africa. 1953 Roters, J. ; Elk Lumber Co., Box 170, Temiskaming, Quebec, Canada. 1 954 Rothwell, Dr. K. G. ; 51 Lutterworth Road, Leicester. 1954 Rouillard, J. V. ; P.O. Box 72, Stanger, Natal, S. Africa. 1956 Rouse, O. ; “ Mirasol,” Frithwood Lane, Billericay, Essex. 1951 Royden, T. W. E. ; Broad House, Fleggburgh, Norfolk. 1932 Royston, Mrs. Avril ; Box 95, Sotik, Kenya. 1952 Rudkin, F. H., ; 458 Fillmore Street, Fillmore, Calif., U.S.A. 1950 Russell, Barnabas, F.R.S.A., F.Z.S., F.R.H.S. ; 20 Bucklersbury, Hitchin, Herts. 1958 Russell, Frank ; c/o Ward Park, Bangor, Co. Down, N. Ireland. 1956 Russell, K. ; “ Rafso Cottage,” Outwell, Nr. Wisbech, Cambs. 1954 Rutgers, A. ; Deventerweg 95, Zutphen, Holland. 26 LIST OF MEMBERS 1957 Ryan, Mrs. Emily ; 245 West — 51st Street, New York 19, N.Y., U.S.A. 1927 Rycroft, Mrs. V. ; 8 The Mead, Cirencester, Glos. 1954 Salmon, W. G. ; Angley Lake, Cranbrook, Kent. 1956 Salter, Miss G. ; “The Flat,” Primley House, Paignton, Devon. 1957 Sanderson, R. E. ; 89 Darby Street, Lower Dale Road, Derby. 1955 Sanderson, S., 33 Cardinal Avenue, Boreham Wood, Herts. 1953 Sands, W. M., F.Z.S. ; Silver Birches, Farrar Lane, Adel, Leeds 16. 1958 *Sane, Sharad R. ; Prospect Chambers Annexe, Dr. Dadabhoy Naoroji Road, Fort, Bombay 1, India. 1956 Sankey, P. H. ; Tamworth House Restaurant, Hunstanton, Norfolk. 1945 Saunders, Ronald, F.Z.S. ; 1 Regent Parade, Sycamore Road, Amersham, Bucks. 1956 Savory, Major R. G. H., F.I.A.I., F.R.E.S. ; 138 Hatch Road, Pilgrims Hatch, Brentwood, Essex. 1958 Savory, Richard G. H. ; 40 Marne Avenue, Flookburgh, Grange-over- Sands, Lancs. 1957 Sawyer, E. W. ; Suite 610, Quinby Bldg., 650 S. Grand Avenue, Los Angeles 17, Calif., U.S.A. 1949 *Sawyer, R. C. J., F.Z.S. ; 226 Haggerston Road, London, E. 8. 1954 Scamell, K. M., O.B.E. ; Woodbury Cottage, Broad Lane, Newdigate, Surrey. 1953 Scamell, Mrs. K. M., F.Z.S. ; Woodbury Cottage, Broad Lane, Newdi¬ gate, Surrey. 1956 Schlesselman, Edmond A., M.D. ; 450 Blackstone Avenue, Fresno, Calif., U.S.A. 1958 Schmidt, Werner ; Venloerstr. 15, Neuss a. Rhein, Germany. 1949 Schneider, P. E. ; 5113 No. Acacia Street, San Gabriel, Calif., U.S.A. 1955 Schomberg, G. St. George, F.Z.S. ; Sweffling Grange, Saxmundham, Suffolk. 1957 Schothorst, L. ; Verl. Hoofdstraat 29, Hoogezand, Holland. 1957 Schuh, A. ; 648 Houston Avenue, Port Arthur, Texas, U.S.A. 1951 Schumacher, Mrs. H. L. ; 7027 Sycamore Avenue, Seattle 7, Washington, U.S.A. 1914 Schuyl, D. G. ; Kralingseweg 332, Rotterdam O, Holland. 1934 Scott, A. H., F.Z.S. ; Abbotswell, Frogham, Fordingbridge, Hants. 1938 * Scott, Peter, C.B.E., D.S.C., M.A., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. ; The New Grounds, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire. 1956 Scott, W. G. ; 1 Maranoa Crescent, Coburg, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 1928 Scott-Hoprins, Capt. C., F.Z.S. ; Knoll House, Shiplake, Oxon. 1956 Scourfield, J. G. ; 6 Oakland Avenue, Dialstone Lane, Stockport, Cheshire. 1955 Scragg, D. G., F.Z.S., F.R.H.S. ; 4 Drakefield Road, Liverpool 11. 1951 Seago, J., F.Z.S. ; Hall Common, Ludham, Norfolk. 1954 Searle, K. C., M.B., B.S., C.M.Z.S. ; Windsor House, Victoria, Hong Kong. 1951 Sears, John L. ; Reel Hall, Shamley Green, Guildford, Surrey. 1951 Seaton, Major C. P. H. ; 62 Picardy Road, Belvedere, Kent. 1956 Seccull, E. A. ; 6 Cromwell Road, Banbury, Oxon. 1953 Sewell, W. A., F.Z.S. ; Pleasley Road, Skegby, Sutton-in-Ashfield, Notts. 1958 Sharp, C. ; Customs and Excise Dept., Penang, Federation of Malaya. LIST OF MEMBERS 2? 1954 Sharpe, W. G. ; 6 High Street, Flitwick, Bedford. 1957 Shaw, George W. ; 1 17 North Lancaster Avenue, Dallas 3, Texas, U.S.A. 1949 *Sheffler, William J., M.B.O.U. ; 4731 Angeles Vista Boulevard, Los Angeles 43, Calif, U.S.A. 1958 Shelton, Mrs. Zephyr ; 23006 Erwin Street, Woodland Hills, Calif., U.S.A. 1956 Sheppard, J. L. ; 9 Gardeners Road, Bentleigh East, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 1956 Shepperson, L. ; The Chestnuts, March, Cambs. 1953 Sholar, N. P., D.D.S. ; Box 265, Mooresville, N.G., U.S.A. 1957 Shuler, J. B., Jr. ; 43 Kirkwood Lane, Greenville, S.G., U.S.A. 1955 Shynal, J. ; 48 Holly Avenue, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. 1946 Sibley, A. E., F.Z.S. ; 7 Alexandra Gardens, Hounslow, Middx. 1957 Sibley, Charles G. ; Fernow Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, U.S.A. 1955 Simmons, K. E. L. ; Lamorna, Beechwood Ave., Tilehurst, Reading, Berks. 1956 Simmons, K. O. ; 6 Kenpas Highway, Coventry, Warwicks. 1956 Simoes, Francisco Jose ; Quinta das Terras, Pinheiros de Loures, Portugal. 1953 Simoes, Joaquim F. ; L. do Conde Barao, 5, Lisboa, Portugal. 1924 Simpson, H. W. ; 6 Barry Road, Stonebridge, Willesden, London, N.W. 10. 1958 Skinner, Mrs. E. ; 3 Seely Road, Lenton Sand, Nottingham. 1957 Slack, E. E. ; Ivanhoe House, 28 Thompson Street, Langley Mill, Notts. 1947 Slader, W. T., J.P. ; Pentillie, Honiton Road, Exeter. 1956 Slater, C. ; 12 Moorland View, Gleadless, Sheffield 12. 1954 *Slotter, Mrs. C. F. ; Hopewell, New Jersey, U.S.A. 1954 Smart, T. E. ; Castlemead, Tenbury Wells, Worcs. 1957 Smith, A. R. S. C., F.Z.S. ; 17 Eastfield Avenue, Wellshot, Cambuslang, Lanarkshire. 1941 Smith, E. Wilford ; “Lynwood,” 15 Kingsway Road, Leicester. 1954 Smith, F. ; 12 Nabs Head Lane, Samlesbury, Nr. Preston, Lancs. 1947 Smith, Kenneth J., F.Z.S. ; Jersey Zoo Park, Les Augres Manor, Trinity, Jersey, Channel Islands. 1958 Smith, Lawrence R. ; 6121 Bellingham Avenue, North Hollywood, Calif., U.S.A. 1955 Smith, R. G. ; 16 Walton Gardens, Shenfield, Essex. 1952 Smith, Stanley ; 79 Anson Road, Singapore 2, Malaya. 1958 Smith, W. C. ; 4152 Palmetto Way, San Diego 3, Calif., U.S.A. 1917 Smith, W. Procter, F.Z.S. ; Bexton House, Knutsford, Cheshire. 1953 Snazle, H. A., M.B.E., F.Z.S. ; Chessington Zoo, Ltd., Leatherhead Road, Chessington, Surrey. 1946 Soanes, Arthur C. ; The Fishery Inn, Elstree, Herts. 1950 Soar, E. R. ; 233 Long Lane, Hillingdon, Middx. 1957 Sohner, Roger F. ; P.O. Box 206, San Anselmo, Calif., U.S.A. 1957 Sovera, Amedeo ; Hotel Mare Pineta, Cervia (Ravenna), Italy. 1952 Speed, Mrs. D. A. ; 925 Clinton Avenue, Fresno 4, California, U.S.A. 1951 Speel, C. ; Saxenburgerweg 9, Bloemendaal, Holland. 1952 Spence, T., M.R.C.V.S., F.R.Z.S.(Scot.) ; Dunbog, Newburgh, Fife, Scotland. 28 LIST OF MEMBERS 1953 Spilsbury, D. T. ; “ Hill View,” 12 Upper Howsell Road, Malvern Link, Worcs. i 1958 Spofford, Walter R. ; 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse 10, New York, i U.S.A. 1958 Spooner, Frederick H. ; 23 Hubert Road, Selly Oak, Birmingham 29, 1958 Spooner, William G. H. ; 23 Hubert Road, Selly Oak, Birmingham 29. 1958 Springthorpe, W. L. ; “ White Wings,” 29 Whitehall Road, Lower Wyke, Bradford. 1923 Spurway, N. B. ; “ The Hermitage,” Oadby, Leicestershire. 1939 Squire, E. O. ; Bassmead, St. Neots, Hunts. 1954 Staples, H. A. ; 461 East Sacramento Avenue, Chico, Calif., U.S.A. 1956 Steel, Newton R., N.D.A. ; The Hookland Estate, Scaynes Hill, Haywards Heath, Sussex. 1954 *Stephan, H. C. ; “ Hathersage,” Gordons Road, Somerset West, C.P., S. Africa. 1953 Stevens, A. ; 56 Gwencole Crescent, Braunstone, Leicester. 1932 Stevens, Ronald ; Fermoyle Lodge, Costello, Co. Galway, Eire. 1956 Steyn, B. ; c/o Steyns Foundry Pty., Ltd., 242 Edison Road, Pretoria, S. Africa. 1958 Stilwell, Major M. W., M.C. ; Avenida Antonio Augusto de Aguiar 30/10 E., Lisbon, Portugal. 1953 Stiven, H. ; c/o Shell Co. of W.A., Ltd., P.M.B. 2052, Lagos, Nigeria. 1952 Stoddart, R. W. ; Grey Lynn, Flatts Lane, Normanby, Nr. Middles¬ brough, Yorks. 1922 Stokes, Capt. H. S., M.C., F.Z.S. ; 66 Dartmouth Road, Paignton, S. Devon. 1929 Stoney, Miss I. ; Central Lodge, 55 Central Hill, Upper Norwood, London, S.E. 19. 1928 Stormonth-Darling, P. ; Balvarran, By Bridge of Cally, Perthshire. 1957 Stowers, Jhon ; Turners Court, Nr. Benson, Oxon. 1951 Straight, Whitney, C.B.E., M.C., D.F.C., F.Z.S. ; The Aviary, Windmill Lane, Southall, Middx. 1948 Strange, Frank E. ; P.O. Box 207, Redondo Beach, California, U.S.A. 1 958** Stratton, G. B., M.B.E., F.Z.S., A.L.S. ; 31 Coniston Gardens, Eastcote, Pinner, Middx. 1948 Stretch, H. ; Keepers Cottage, Ramridge, Weyhill, Hants. 1 955 Strollo, J. J. ; Box 6344, Honolulu 18, Hawaii. 1930 Strombi, Miss Dora A. ; Eastbank House, Brechin, Angus. 1949 Strutt, Hon. Peter A. ; Bentley Park, Ipswich, Suffolk. 1957 Stuckey, G. ; 18 Suffolk Road, Dagenham, Essex. 1950 Sturgis, A. F. ; 740 Sansom Street, Philadelphia 6, Pa., U.S.A. 1956 Styles, A. E. ; 4 St. Marys Avenue, Stony Stratford, Wolverton, Bucks. 1952 Sundstrom, Miss Britt-Marie ; Ostra Larmgatan 3, Gothenburg, Sweden. 1958 Suter, Miss Olive M. ; 37 Tudor Road, Hampton, Middx. 1938 Sutton, Peter, M.R.C.V.S. ; Brook Farm, Frant Forest, Tunbridge Wells, Kent. 1955 Sutton, Mrs. P., M.R.C.V.S. ; Brook Farm, Frant Forest, Tunbridge Wells, Kent. 1951 Svane, C. H. ; Frederikssundsvej 168, Bronshoj, Copenhagen, Denmark. 1958 Swain, A. J. ; 45 New Road, Bromham, Bedford. igo2**SwAN, J. A., F.Z.S. ; Hazel Mere, Rectory Lane, Sidcup, Kent. 1950 Swan, Mrs. J. A. ; Hazel Mere, Rectory Lane, Sidcup, Kent. LIST OF MEMBERS 29 1958 Swiffen, J. D. ; Hareway House, Barford, Warwick. 1958 Swift, J. H. ; 83 Alderbrook Road, Solihull, Warwickshire. 1948 Sykes, Joseph ; 167 North High Street, Musselburgh, Scotland. 1955 Tack, J. E. ; Tyting Garage, St. Martha’s, Guildford, Surrey. 1958 Tallon, James ; 12 Cowley Avenue, Toronto 18, Ontario, Canada. 1957 Tanner, E. B., B.E.M. ; 53 Dollis Road, London, N. 3. 1954 Tatt, R. H. ; The Willows, Railway Road, Downham Market, Norfolk. 1956 Taylor B. P. ; The Ridge, Forest Way, Tunbridge Wells, Kent. 1956 Taylor, E. L., G.B.E., D.Sc. ; “ The Mu,” Brook, Albury, Nr. Guildford, Surrey. 1956 Taylor, H. E. Davies ; “ Shelsley,” Bishop’s Castle, Shropshire. 1946 Taylor, James, M.B.O.U. ; Alstone Lawns, Alstone, Tewkesbury, Glos. 1956 Taylor, John W., Jr. ; 213 Arundel Street, Landport, Portsmouth, Hants. 1949 Taylor, Lawrence N. ; P.O. Box 1056, Venice, Fla., U.S.A. 1952 Taylor, R. A., F.Z.S. ; 28 Castledon Road, Wickford, Essex. 1945 Taylor, T. G., M.A., Ph.D. ; 16 Derby Road, Caversham, Reading. 1958 Taylor, William ; 69 Birkhall Road, Thorntree Estate, Middlesbrough. 1954 Teagle, W. G., F.Z.S. ; Flat 6, 2 The Paragon, Blackheath, S.E. 3. 1930 Teague, P. W. ; Rowlestone, South Downs Road, Dawlish, Devon. 1954 Temlett, H. ; Doves Rest, P.O. Box 37, Maseru, Basutoland, S. Africa. 1926 Tennant, Hon. Stephen ; Wilsford Manor, Salisbury. 1952 Theaker, J. N. ; The Grove, Swadlincote, Nr. Burton-on-Trent. 1957 Thomas, A. G. ; 188 Walsall Road, Bridgtown, Nr. Cannock, Staffs. 1956 Thomas, R. ; 53 Northwood Way, Northwood, Middx. 1949 Thomas, Ray ; 600 Sarbonne Road, Bel-Air, Los Angeles 24, Calif., U.S.A. I95° Thompson, Lloyd B. ; 2010 Cliff Avenue, North Burnaby, Vancouver, B.C., Canada. 1957 Thomson, T. R. ; Woodbrae, 61 John Street, Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland. 1956 Thorp, Aubrey N.C. ; P.O. Box 109, Maseru, Basutoland, South Africa. 1954 Thorpe, J., F.R.E.S. ; Dean Cottage, Pleasant Style, Littledean, Gloucestershire. 1958 Thurgood, Michael ; 62 Highfield Road, Woodford Bridge, Essex. 1958 Tickle, Edgar A. ; 49 Oakwood Avenue, Purley, Surrey. 1956 Tilley, R. G. L. ; 45 Rue Calamine, Stembert, Verviers, Belgium. 1954 Timmis, W. H., F.Z.S. ; Central Syringe Laboratory, Paddington General Hospital, Harrow Road, W. 9. 1946 *Tinsley, Patrick C. ; Hurn Hall, Holbeach, Spalding, Lines. 1946 * Tinsley, William G. ; The Poplars, Holbeach, St. Marks, Lines. 1956 Tipa, Andrea ; Salita San Rocco, 7/21, Genoa, Italy. 1 956 Todd, A. M. ; 71 Glendower Avenue, Coventry, Warwickshire. 1956 Tomski, Dr. Ricardo ; Caixa Postal 22, Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. !957 Tonnesen, A. Ryder ; 4 Norddalsvej, Holte, Denmark. 1958 Torrance, Dr. G. M. ; P.O. Box 49, Kerikeri, Bay of Islands, New Zealand. 1958 Torrance, R. ; 31 King Edward Street, Newton Park, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. 1957 Touchard, G. ; 19 Rue du Fort-Louis, Dunkerque, France. 1955 Townsend, G. F. ; 94 Littledean Hill, Cinderford, Glos. 30 LIST OF MEMBERS 1954 Trayler, Miss N. E. ; 20 Kensington Place, London Road, Bath. 1951 Trevisick, G. H., F.Z.S. ; Ilfracombe Zoo Park, Gomyn Hill, Ilfracombe, North Devon. 1952 Troubridge, Lady ; Middle Oakshott, Hawkley, Liss, Hants. 1947 *Tuckwell, David ; Asliesk, Alves by Forres, Morayshire. 1939 Tunesi, A. W. ; Elmside, 93 Vicarage Road, Sunbury-on-Thames, Middx. 1957 Turner, Brian C., M.B.O.U. ; 14 Heath Road, Ipswich, Suffolk. 1928 Turner, H. B., M.B.O.U. ; Malverleys, Nr. Newbury, Berks. 1930 *Turner, Walter IT. ; 32 Galston Road, Hornsby, N.S.W., Australia. 1957 Tuttle, L. D. ; 2009 No. Akard, Dallas 1, Texas, U.S.A. 1955 Twell, J. W. ; 82 Berkeley Avenue, Ghesham, Bucks. 1954 Twyford, Lady Ida ; (Address unknown) . 1957 Tyler, H. H. ; 74 Ditmas Avenue, Kempston Hoo, Beds. 1958 Type, Norman P. ; 35 Church Street, New Norfolk, Tasmania, Australia. 1954 Tyrell, T. H. ; Bridge House, Brydekirk, Annan, Dumfriesshire. 1 954 *Ullens de Schooten, G. A., F.Z.S. ; Les Bouleaux, Quatre-Bras, Crainhem, Brabant, Belgium. 1956 Underwood, Sgt. F. W. ; 76345 R.N.Z.A.F., Hobsonville, Nr. Auckland, New Zealand. 1955 Upton, Mrs. P. V., F.Z.S. , M.B.O.U. ; Park Lodge, Margaretting, Ingatestone, Essex. 1955 Usher, P. ; 47 Edinburgh Drive, Kirton, Boston, Lines. 1954 Vaden, J. M. ; 1510 Whispering Pines Drive, Houston 24, Texas, U.S.A. 1 947 Vallen, Dr. J. H. J. M. ; Antoniuslaan 105, Blerick, Holland. 1958 van Cleve, G. Bernard ; 323 S. Fairmount Street, Pittsburgh 32, Pa., U.S.A. 1954 VAN Dam, G. Th. ; Zoo Centrum, Kroostweg 68, Zeist, Holland. 1949 Van den bergh, Walter, G.M.Z.S., C.M.R.Z.S.(Scot.) ; Soci6t6 Royale de Zoologie d’Anvers, 26 Place Reine Astrid, Antwerp, Belgium. 1958 van den Dorpe, G. ; “ Avicolor Bird Farm,” Steenweg op Antwerpen 460, St. Amandsberg, Ghent, Belgium. 1957 VAN DER Breggen, Dr. Ph. ; “ Wittenstein,” Kamperveen, Holland. 1953 van der Mark, R. R. P. ; De Kweekhoeve, van Helvoortlaan 31, Woerden, Holland. 1956 van Dijk, G. ; Avicentra, Schilde, Antwerp, Belgium. 1950 van Dijk, H. C. ; Fabriekstraat 6, Tilburg, Holland. 1948 van Dijk, H. J. ; Animali, Eindhoven, Holland. 1 950 van Dijk, N. ; Bisschop Aelenstraat 50, Tilburg, Holland. 1934 VAN Heyst, A. F. G. A. ; No. 12, Plesmanlaan, Bussum, Holland. 1956 van Heyst, H. P. ; Huize “ de Kimpenkamp,” Groenlo, Holland. 1950 van Leeuwen, J. Docters ; Hoveniersweg 37, Tiel, Holland. 1955 VAN Maarion, W. ; Nelson Aviaries, 7i5-6th Street, Nelson, British Columbia, Canada. 1953 VAN Oosten, J. R. ; 2167 E. Crescent Drive, Altadena, Calif., U.S.A. 1957 VAN Schalkwyk, J. ; P.O. Box 195, Uitenhage, C.P., South Africa. 1951 van Vollenhoven, P. ; Burgem Knappertlaan 128, Schiedam, Holland. 1951 van Wachem, R. H. ; Joh. Geradtsweg 44, Hilversum, Holland. 1 937 Vane, E. N. T., F.Z.S. ; Fairacre, Chiltern Road, Ballinger, Gt. Missen- den, Bucks. LIST OF MEMBERS 3* 1958 Vanner, N. A. ; 50 Bridge Street, Banalla, Victoria, Australia. 1 957 Vaughan, R. J. ; Bramley House, Spot Lane, Bearsted, Nr. Maidstone, Kent. 1955 Veld, S. A. Man in’t ; “ Eikenoord,” Deventerstraat 494, Apeldoorn, Holland. 1958 Venner, E. A. ; 7 Churchill Road, Weston-super-Mare, Somerset. 1956 Vermet, D. ; Landgoed “ Zoomland,” Bergen op Zoom, Holland. 1928 Vierheller, George P. ; St. Louis Zoological Park, St. Louis 10, Mo., U.S.A. 1957 Vine, K. N. R. ; 105 Austhorpe Lane, Crossgates, Leeds 15. 1947 Vinson, Mark ; c/o Martins Bank, Tunbridge Wells, Kent. 1954 Vlemmix, H. P. ; “ Simba ” Vogels en Dieren, Bisschop Zwijsenstraat 1 16, Tilburg, Holland. 1957 von Wettberg, Bishop W. ; Rockhouse Hill, Oxford, R.F.D. 2, Seymour, Connecticut, U.S.A. 1957 Vowles, R. A. ; Paston Lodge, Sway Road, Brockenhurst, Hants. 1936 Voy, Miss Hilda ; Lynchets, Longbridge Deverill, Warminster, Wilts. 1948 Vucovigh, Payson ; 15731 Fargo Avenue, Hanford, California, U.S.A. 1957 Wade, Otis ; 1806 Redesdale Avenue, Los Angeles 26, Calif., U.S.A. 1957 Wagner, Mrs. Catherine ; 18142 Archwood Street, Reseda, Calif., U.S.A. 1956 Wah, Lim Koon ; P.O. Box 1405, Singapore, Malaya. 1955 Wahlgren, J. O. ; 24 Garth Road, Kingston-on-Thames, Surrey. 1947 Wait, F. R., F.Z.S. ; “ Thorney croft,” 17 Hillway, Woburn Sands, Bucks. 1952 Waite, J. ; 6 Attwood Street, Kidsgrove, Staffs. 1948 Wakefield, Mrs. C. H. ; 1437 Alameda de las Pulgas, Redwood City, Calif., U.S.A. 1958 Walden, J. J. ; Chambers’ Nurseries, Nevendon Road, Wickford, Essex. 1957 Walker, J. A. ; Inchcross Farm, Bathgate, West Lothian, Scotland. 1936 Waller, H., F.Z.S. ; Oldway, Pilgrims Way, Westhumble, Dorking, Surrey. I95I Wallin, Mrs. O. H. ; 11543-36 N.E. Avenue, Seattle 55, Washington, U.S.A. 1951 Walmsley, J. H. ; P.O. Box 1368, Port Elizabeth, Cape Province, S. Africa. 1957 Ward, B. L. ; Washway Road, Holbeach, Nr. Spalding, Lines. !957 Warford, Dr. Frederick S. ; Rm. 1512, 490 Post Street, San Francisco 2, Calif., U.S.A. 1952 Waring, S. D. ; 13 Oakhill Road, Maghull, Nr. Liverpool, Lancs. 1956 Warner, Mrs. Jean S. ; 21 Hope Terrace, Edinburgh 9. 1952 Wastell, C. H. ; “ Mon Abri,” Stapleford Abbotts, Romford. Essex. 1956 Wastell, Mrs. C. H. ; “ Mon Abri,” Stapleford Abbotts, Romford, Essex. 1958 Waters, N. C. ; 8 Long Lane, Catfield, Gt. Yarmouth, Norfolk. 1956 Waterston, G., F.R.S.E., M.B.O.U. ; 5 Charlotte Square, Edinburgh 2. 1958 Watkins, Irvine B. ; Phelps Dodge Copper Products Corporation, 213 West First Street, Charlotte 1, N.C., U.S.A. 1932 Watkins, T. R. Holmes ; Oronsay, The Ellipse, Griffithstown, Mon. 1956 Watmough, W. E. G., F.Z.S. ; Lintonholme, Crag Lane, Rigton, Huby, Leeds. 1953 Watson, A. ; 24 River Street, Brechin, Angus, Scotland. 1913 Waud, Capt. L. Reginald, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. ; Bradley Court, Chieveley, Nr. Newbury, Berks. I955 Wayre, P. L., M.B.O.U. ; Reynold’s Farm, Great Witchingham, Norwich. !954 Weale, L. C. P. ; 13 Overton Road, Southgate, London, N. 14. LIST OF MEMBERS 32 1956 Weatherill, R. G. ; The Queen’s Head Hotel, Charing, Kent. 1935 Webber, Leonard C. ; 6 Grand View Parade, Epping, N.S.W., Australia. 1956 Webster, J. H. ; Ashgrove, Knockholt Pound, Kent. 1950 Weinman, Major A. N., O.B.E., C.M.Z.S. ; The Zoological Gardens of Ceylon, Allan Avenue, Dehiwela, Colombo, Ceylon. 1947 West, David ; 209 N. 18th Street, Montebello, California, U.S.A. 1958 Westerman, Gene C. ; 2837 South 8900 West, Magna, Utah, U.S.A. 1958 Westgarth, R. ; 62 Orsmond Street, Hindmarsh, S. Australia. 1956 Weston, C. D. ; Bradgate House, Groby, Leicestershire. 1956 Weston, J. T. Y. ; 4 Lynmouth Road, Leicester. 1932 Wharton-Tigar, Mrs. N., F.Z.S. ; Abbey Gate, Parry’s Lane, Stoke Bishop, Bristol 9. 1950 Wheatley, Mrs. Grace, R.W.S., F.Z.S. ; 57 Cadogan Place, London, S.W. 1. 1956 Wheeler, Eric R. ; St. Sebastien, Iberville County, Quebec, Canada. 1 947 Wheeler, T. E., F.Z.S. ; Lynwood, Onslow Avenue, Cheam, Surrey. 1 947 Wheeler, Mrs. T. E., F.Z.S. ; Lynwood, Onslow Avenue, Cheam, Surrey. 1955 * White, Dr. Lawrence F. ; 1345 North Vermont Avenue, Los Angeles 27, Calif., U.S.A. 1953 Whitehouse, N. V. ; 185 George Street, Brisbane, Australia. 1935 Whitmore, G. E. ; 40 Charlemont Avenue, West Bromwich, Birmingham. 1956 Wickline, Lyle ; 6603 King Avenue, Bell, California, U.S.A. 1953 Wicks, Mrs. E. ; Silver Springs, Beaufort Road, St. Leonards-on-Sea, Sussex. 1924 Wildeboer, Dr. H. ; “Tuanna,” 244 Saltshouse Road, Hull, E. Yorks. 1950 Wilkins, E. E. ; 52 Shenstone Road, Hollywood, Nr. Birmingham. 1958 Wilkinson, J. W. ; 24 Crown Street, Rochdale, Lancs. 1955 Wilkinson, N. ; “ Four Ways,” Biddulph Park, Biddulph, Stoke-on- Trent. 1957 Willem, Francq, ; Brusselbaan 33, Saint-Pieters-Leeuw (Post Ruisbroek), Belgium. 1957 Williams, B. M. ; Tyn-y-Bryn Estate, P.O. Box 72, Ruiru, Kenya Colony. 1957 Williams, Cavin ; 5 Cleaver Park, Belfast, N. Ireland. 1948 Williams, H. P. ; 2 Burcote Road, Pype Flayes, Birmingham 24. 1956 Williams, J. P. ; The Old Farm, Tunstead, Norwich, Norfolk. 1 957 Williams, Peter O. ; “ Northfield,” Sherborne, Cheltenham, Glos. 1 905** Williams, Sidney, F.Z.S. ; Millgarth, Nyewood Lane South, Bognor Regis, Sussex. 1950 Williams, T. J. ; Cartref, Sylva Gardens North, Craig-y-Don, Llandudno, N. Wales. 1951 Willmott, J. D. ; Box 488, Mount Dora, Florida, U.S.A. 1948 Willsher, Mrs. G. A. ; 37 Springfield Road, Thornton Heath, Surrey. 1948 * Wilson, Calvin D., M.A. ; Tracy Aviary, Liberty Park, 589 East 13th South, Salt Lake City 4, Utah, U.S.A. 1950 Wilson, G. ; Taormina, 25 Bushmead Road, Eaton Socon, St. Neots, Hunts. 1956 Wilson, J. B. ; Gartary Farm, Clackmannan, Scotland. 1958 Wilson, J. I. ; 510 Metropolitan Bank Building, 117 N.E. First Avenue, Miami 32, Florida, U.S.A. 1953 Windecker, Dr. W. ; Zoologischer Garten, Riehler Strasse 173, Koln- Riehl, Germany. 1954 Wingate, W. A. ; 46 Jewry Street, Winchester, Hants. 1958 Wingstedt, C. E. ; 71 Appledore Road, Gabalfa, Cardiff. LIST OF MEMBERS 33 1957 Wise, Major J. A. R. ; Tregye Farm House, Carnon Downs, Truro, Cornwall. 1956 Wolf, Miss P. K. ; Hanstead House, Bricket Wood, Nr. St. Albans, Herts. 1953 Wood, G. ; 8 Forge Meads, Wittersham, Nr. Tenterden, Kent. 1957 Wood, Graham ; The Coppice, South Down’s Road, Bowdon, Cheshire. 1945 Wood, H. Wallace ; Oak Hall, Hythe, Kent. 1940 Wood, W. J. ; 61 Milson Road, Cremorne, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia. 1956 Woodhouse, S. ; 184 Jameson Avenue, Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia. 1958 Woodnutt, John G. ; 35 Palace View, Shirley, Croydon, Surrey. 1957 Woods, L. A. ; 56 Evans Street, Moonee Ponds, Victoria, Australia. 1957 * Woods, S. H. ; 16 Bell Davies Road, Littlehampton, Sussex. 1950 Wright, S. A., F.Z.S. ; 59 Ashridge Gardens, Palmers Green, London, N. 13. 1956 Wyatt, D. P. ; 168 Parkway, Welwyn Garden City, Herts. 1 957 Wyatt, Kenneth A. ; 3306 Newton Street, Torrance, Calif., U.S.A. 1934 Yealland, John J., F.Z.S. , M.B.O.U. ; The Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, N.W. 1. 1956 Young, D., M.R.C.V.S. ; Beech Cottage, East Shaw Lane, Midhurst, Sussex. 1932 Younger, Mrs. L. ; 244 Cranmer Court, Sloane Avenue, London, S.W. 3. 1957 Younkin, Louis W., Jr. ; 2927 W. — 135th Place, Gardena, Calif., U.S.A. 1953 Zabaldano , J. B. ; 15702 E. Nelson Avenue, Puente, Calif., U.S.A. 1957 Zillessen, Paul E. ; c/o North Penn Employment Service, 327 W. Main Street, Lansdale, Pa., U.S.A. THE AVICULTURAL SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA (ADELAIDE) List of Affiliated Members Barlow, R. R. ; Cypress Terrace, Blackwood, South Australia. Breakey, A. ; 4 King George Avenue, Brighton, South Australia. Burfield, C. C. ; 12 Forest Avenue, Black Forest, Adelaide, South Australia. Clyma, M. ; 28 Avenue Road, Frewville, South Australia. Dunstone, Dr. L. J. ; 30 Malvern Avenue, Malvern, South Australia. Fechner, C. H. ; 29 Woodville Road, Woodville, South Australia. Hogg, G. ; 66 Wattle Street, Fullarton, South Australia. Hutchinson, H. J. ; Coulls Road, Athelstone, South Australia. Long, D. E. ; 20 Kyle Street, Glenside, South Australia. Manfield, H. ; c/o Zoological Gardens, Adelaide, South Australia. McKechnie, R. ; 6 Eric Street, Plympton, South Australia. Schmidt, C. G. ; 64 Botting Street, Albert Park, South Australia. Seppelt, Oscar ; 57 Northumberland Street, Tusmore, Adelaide, South Australia. Sewell, H. S. ; 14 Stannington Avenue, Toorak East, Adelaide, South Australia. Wright, R. ; Langdon Avenue, Clarence Park, South Australia. 34 LIST OF MEMBERS LIST OF LIBRARIES, SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS, AND ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETIES WHICH SUBSCRIBE FOR THE AVICULTURAL MAGAZINE Cambridge, University of ; Department of Zoology, Balfour Library, Downing Street, Cambridge. Carnegie Dunfermline Trust ; Abbey Park House, Dunfermline, Scotland. Chicago Natural History Museum ; Roosevelt Road and Lake Shore Drive, Chicago 5, Illinois, U.S.A. Detroit Zoological Park Commission ; 8450 W. Ten Mile Road, Royal Oak, Michigan, U.S.A. Director of Parks ; City of Portsmouth, Parks Department, Alexandra Park, Portsmouth. Friends of the Los Angeles Zoo ; Five-fifty South Flower Building, Los Angeles 17, Calif., U.S.A. Harvard University ; Museum of Comparative Zoology Library, Oxford Street, Cambridge 38, Mass., U.S.A. Hatheway School, South Lincoln, Mass., U.S.A. McGill University ; Redpath Library, 3459 McTavish Street, Montreal, P.Q., Canada. New York Zoological Society ; 185th Street and Southern Boulevard, New York 60, N.Y., U.S.A. Ohio State University ; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Botany and Zoology Building, Columbus 10, Ohio, U.S.A. Quebec Zoological Gardens ; Orsainville, P.Q., Canada. Royal Zoological Society Natura Artis Magistra. ; Plantage Kerklaan 40, Amsterdam-C., Holland. Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Murrayfield, Edinburgh 12. Royal Zoological Society of South Australia ; Zoological Gardens, Adelaide, S. Australia. Seattle Public Library, Seattle 4, Washington, U.S.A. Sheffield City Libraries ; Central Library, Surrey Street, Sheffield 1. Societe Royale de Zoologie d’Anvers ; 26 Place Reine Astrid, Antwerp, Belgium. Southport Corporation ; Curator of Hesketh Park, Southport. Taronga Zoological Park Trust ; Box 20, P.O. Mosman, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia. The Director of Nature Conservation ; P.O. Box 152, Stellenbosch, South Africa. Toronto University ; Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology, ioo Queen’s Park, Toronto 5, Ontario, Canada. Zoological Board of Victoria ; Zoological Gardens, Parkville N. 2, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Zoological Society of San Diego ; P.O. Box 551, San Diego 12, Calif., U.S.A. RULES OF THE AVIGULTURAL SOCIETY 35 Rules of the Avicultural Society Last amended , 8th September , 1958. 1. — The name of the Society shall be The Avicultural Society, and its object shall be the study of British and foreign birds in freedom and in captivity. Poultry, domestic Pigeons, and Canaries shall be outside the scope of the Society. The year of the Society, with that of each volume of the Society’s Magazine, which shall be known as the Avicultural Magazine, shall commence with the month of January and end on the 31st December following. 2. — The Avicultural Society shall consist of Ordinary, Life, Honorary Life Members, and Honorary Fellows, and the last shall be restricted in number to ten, and be elected by the Council. 3. — The Officers of the Society shall be elected, annually if necessary, by Members of the Council in the manner hereinafter provided, and shall consist of a President, one or more Vice-Presidents, a Secretary-Treasurer, an Assistant Secretary, an Editor, and a Council of fifteen Members. The President, Vice- Presidents, Secretary-Treasurer, Assistant Secretary, and Editor shall be ex officio Members of the Council. 4. — New Members shall be proposed in writing, and the name and address of every person thus proposed, with the name of the Member proposing him shall be published in the next issue of the Magazine. Unless the candidate shall within two weeks after the publication of his name in the Magazine, be objected to by at least two Members, he shall be deemed to be duly elected. If five Members shall lodge with the Secretary objections to any candidate he shall not be elected, but the signatures to the signed objections must be verified by the Scrutineer. If two or more Members shall object to any candidate the name of such candidate shall be brought before the Council at their next meeting, and the Council shall have power to elect or to disqualify him from election. 5. — Each Member shall pay an annual subscription of £1, to be due and payable in advance on the 1st of January in each year ; and, on payment of the subscription shall be entitled to receive all the numbers of the Society’s Magazine for the current year. Life Member’s fee, £15. 6. — Members intending to resign their membership at the end of the current year of the Society are expected to give notice to the Secretary before the 1st of December, so that their names may not be included in the “ List of Members ”, which shall be published annually in the January number of the Magazine. 36 RULES OF THE AVIGULTURAL SOCIETY 7. — The Magazine of the Society shall be issued on or about the first day of every month, and forwarded, post free, to all the Members who shall have paid their j subscriptions for the year ; but no Magazine shall be sent or delivered to any Member j until the annual subscription shall have reached the hands of the Secretary-Treasurer . Members whose subscriptions shall not have been paid as above by the first day in November in any year shall cease to be Members of the Society, but may be readmitted, at the discretion of the Council, on payment of the annual subscription. 8. — The President, Secretary-Treasurer, Assistant Secretary, and Editor shall be elected for a term of five years, and, should a vacancy occur, it may be temporarily filled by the Executive Committee (see Rule 10). At the expiration of the term of five years in every case it shall be competent for the Council to nominate the same officer, or another Member, for a further term of five years, unless a second candidate be proposed by not less than twenty-five Members of at least two years’ standing, as set forth below. In the November number of the Magazine preceding the retirement from office of the President, Secretary-Treasurer, Assistant Secretary, and Editor, the Council shall publish the names of those members whom they have nominated to fill the vacancies thus created ; and these Members shall be deemed duly elected unless another candidate or candidates be proposed by not less than fifteen Members of at least two years’ standing. Such proposal, duly seconded and containing the written consent of the nominee to serve, if elected, in the capacity for which he is proposed, must reach the Secretary on or before the 1 5th of November. 9. — The Members of the Council shall retire by rotation, three at the end of each year of the Society (unless a vacancy or vacancies shall occur otherwise) and three other Members of the Society shall be recommended by the Council to take the place of those retiring. The names of the three Members recommended shall be printed in the November number of the Avicultural Magazine. Should the Council’s selection be objected to by fifteen or more Members, these shall have power to put forward three other candidates, whose names, together with the signatures of not less than fifteen Members proposing them, must reach the Secretary by the 15th of November. The names of the six candidates will then be printed on a voting paper and sent to each Member with the December number of the Magazine, and the result of the voting published in the January issue. Should no alternative candidates be put forward, in the manner and by the date above specified, the three candidates recommended by the Council shall be deemed to have been duly elected. In the event of an equality of votes the President shall have a casting vote. If any Member of the Council does not attend a meeting for two years in succession the Council shall have power to elect another Member in his place. 10. — Immediately after the election of the Council that body shall proceed to elect three from its Members. These three, together with the Secretary- Treasurer, Assistant Secretary, and Editor, shall form a Committee known as the Executive Committee. The duties of the Executive Committee shall be as follows : — (i) In the event of the resignation of any of the Officers during the Society’s year, to fill temporarily the vacancy until the end of the year. In the case of the office being one which is held for more than one year (e.g. Secretary-Treasurer, Assistant Secretary, or Editor) the appointment shall be confirmed by the Council at its next meeting. RULES OF THE AVIGULTURAL SOCIETY 37 (ii) To act for the Council in the decision of any other matter that may arise in connection with the business of the Society. The decision of any matter by the Executive to be settled by a simple majority (three to form a quorum). In the event of a tie on any question, such question shall be forthwith submitted by letter to the Council for their decision. The Executive shall not have power (i) To add to or alter the Rules ; (ii) To expel any Member ; (iii) To re-elect the Secretary-Treasurer, Assistant Secretary, or Editor for a second term of office. It shall not be lawful for the Treasurer to pay any account exceeding £10 unless such account be duly sanctioned by another Member of the Executive. It shall be lawful for the Secretary-Treasurer or Editor to pledge the Society’s credit for a sum not exceeding £100. Should a Member wish any matter to be brought before the Council direct such matter should be sent to the Secretary with a letter stating that it is to be brought before the Council at their next meeting, otherwise communications will in the first place be brought before the Executive. A decision of a majority of the Council, or a majority of the Executive endorsed by the Council, shall be final and conclusive in all matters. 11. — The Editor shall have an absolute discretion as to what matter shall be published in the Magazine (subject to the control of the Executive Committee). The Secretary and Editor shall respectively refer all matters of doubt and difficulty to the Executive Committee. 12. — The Council (but not a committee of the Council) shall have power to alter and add to the Rules, from time to time, in any manner they may think fit. Five to form a quorum at any meeting of the Council. 13. — The Council shall have power to expel any Member from the Society at any time without assigning any reason. 38 RULES OF THE AVICULTURAL SOCIETY The Society’s Medal {Instituted ist November , i8g6) RULES The Medal may be awarded at the discretion of the Council to any Member who shall succeed in breeding, in the United Kingdom, any species of bird which shall not, in the opinion of the Council, be known to have been previously bred in captivity in Great Britain or Northern Ireland. Any Member wishing to obtain the Medal must send a detailed account for publication in the Magazine within about eight weeks from the date of hatching of the young, and furnish such evidence of the facts as the Council may require. The Medal will be awarded only in cases where the young shall live to be old enough to feed themselves, and to be wholly independent of their parents. The question of awarding a Medal for the breeding of local races or sub-species of species that have already been bred shall be at the discretion of the Council. No Medal can be given for the breeding of hybrids. The account of the breeding must be reasonably full so as to afford instruction to our Members, and must appear in the Avicultural Magazine before it is published or notified elsewhere. It should describe the plumage of the young, and be of value as a permanent record of the nesting and general habits of the species. These points will have great weight when the question of awarding the Medal is under consideration. In every case the decision of the Council shall be final. The Medal will be forwarded to each Member as soon after it shall have been awarded as possible. The Medal is struck in bronze (but the Council reserve the right to issue it in silver in very special cases) and measures vS>' Set in the charm oj an old English Garden at the lovely Village oj BOURTON-ON-THE- WATER LAI NGS SELECTED REARWELL BIRD SEEDS THE NEW BIRD SEED SERVICE FOR BREEDERS. A SERVICE WITH SIX STAR FEATURES BACKED BY LARGE-SCALE ORGANIZATION I POSSESSING MANY OLD-ESTABLISHED AND POWERFUL TRADING CONNECTIONS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. THE SIX-STAR ^ ADVICE BUREAU. Free Expert Advice, Illnesses of Cage Birds, etc. Among our consultants who are at your disposal for free advice is Mr. Alf Martin, well- known judge and authority on British and foreign birds. National winner with over 1,000 other firsts. ^ SUPERLATIVE CLEANLINESS. Our seed is cleaned by modern machinery incorporating the newest engineering features to ensure that the seed you buy from us is the cleanest possible. ^ LABORATORY TESTING. Our laboratories are constantly testing seed for nutritive content — seek¬ ing to give you even better seed and more-balanced foods for your birds. JAS. LAING SON & COMPANY ( (Manchester) LTD. SERVICE . . . Jf PRICE FAIRNESS TO CUSTOMERS. Our superlative seed is sold to you at competitive prices and carriage saving by ordering larger quantities is passed back to you. ^ SAME DAY DESPATCH. Our works in Trafford Park, Manchester, are ideally situated for the speediest delivery. ^ GUARANTEE OF COMPLETE SATIS¬ FACTION. Every delivery carries with it our guarantee that if you are not completely satisfied, money will be refunded in full provided we are advised within 14 days of despatch. ASHBURTON ROAD, TRAFFORD PARK, MANCHESTER 17 Telephone : Telegrams : TRAfford Park 3451 (10 lines). “ TINCTA ”, Manchester. n JTf on ORNITHOLOGY D^IUI%l|5 and aviculture Avicultural Magazines — various bound volumes and parts. Bird Notes (the old Foreign Bird Club magazine), complete set of 23 volumes, also odd bound volumes and parts. Foreign Birds , various parts. Ibis , various volumes. The Foreigner , Volumes I to V, also parts. Reichenow : Papageien (Parrots), 33 coloured plates of 257 figures. Stuart-Baker : Indian Pigeons and Doves ; Indian Ducks ; Game Birds of India , Burma , and Ceylon ; many coloured plates ; Birds of India (Fauna of British India), 8 volumes, also Cuckoo Problems. Butler : Foreign Finches in Captivity , first edition, 60 hand-coloured plates, also second edition ; Birds of Great Britain and Ir eland , 2 volumes, 115 coloured plates, also How to Sex Cage Birds. Cox and Harding : Coursing and Falconry. Verner : My Life among the Wild Birds of Spain. Crawshay : Birds of Tierra del Fuego3 21 hand-coloured plates. Frogatt : Some Useful Australian Birds. Leach : An Australian Bird Book , new edition. Hudson : Birds of La Plata , 2 volumes, 22 coloured plates. Iredale : Birds of Paradise and Bower Birds, also Birds of New Guinea3 2 volumes, many coloured plates. Murphy : Oceanic Birds of South America , also Bird Islands of Peru. Nicoll’s Birds of Egypt, two volumes. Priest : Birds of Southern Rhodesia , 4 volumes, 40 coloured plates. Bannerman : Birds of Tropical West Africa , 8 volumes, also odd volumes 2 to 8 ; Birds of West and Equatorial Africa , 2 volumes, also Birds of Cyprus. Archer : Birds of Somaliland , 2 volumes. Witherby : Handbook of British Birds , 5 volumes, also various volumes and parts of British Birds. Whistler : Handbook of Indian Birds. Cayley : What Bird is That ? — Australian Birds. Barrett : Parrots of Australasia. Salim Ali : Indian Hill Birds , Indian Book of Birds, also The Birds of Kutch. Roberts : Birds of South Africa — new edition. Dresser : Manual of Palaearctic Birds , 2 volumes. Evans : Birds (original edition of Cambridge Natural History). Taka-Tsukasa : The Birds of Nippon. Robinson and Chasen : Birds of the Malay Peninsula3 volumes I, II, and IV. Hachisuka : Birds of the Philippine Islands, 2 volumes. Audubon : The Birds of America, 1937, with 500 coloured plates. Adams : The Smaller British Birds. British Museum, Catalogue of Birds — various volumes. Boosey : Foreign Bird Keeping, also Parrots, Cockatoos and Macaws. Broinowski : The Birds of Australia, 6 volumes. Benson and White : Check-list of the Birds of Northern Rhodesia. Bannerman : The Birds of the British Isles, 7 volumes. Duke of Bedford : Parrots and Parrot-like Birds. Belcher : The Birds of Nyasaland. Blakeston, Swaysland and Wiener : The Illustrated Book of Canaries and Cage Birds (British and Foreign). Delacour : The Waterfowl of the World, 2 volumes. Emperor Frederick II : The Art of Falconry, 1955. Finsch : Die Papageien, 2 volumes. Hume and Marshall : The Game Birds of India, Burmah, and Ceylon, 3 volumes. Delacour : The Pheasants of the World. Henry : A Guide to the Birds of Ceylon. Hopkinson : Records of Birds bred in Captivity. Jackson : The Birds of Kenya, 3 volumes. Kiyosu : The Birds of Japan, 3 volumes. Laidlay : Ornamental Waterfowl. Millais : The Natural History of British Game Birds. Mackworth-Praed and Grant : African Handbook of Birds, 2 volumes. Apply for all your book requirements on birds to : W. B. FROSTICIC 26, MINSTER PRECINCTS : : PETERBOROUGH THE KESTON FOREIGN BIRD FARM LTD. BRAMBLETYE, KESTON, KENT. (Established 1927) Phone : Farnboro’ Kent 52351. Station : Bromley South. The only Farm of its kind in the world and the premier breeders in captivity of the Grey Parrot, Blue-fronted Amazon Parrot, Cuban Amazon Parrot, Splendid Grass Parrakeet, Varied Lorikeet, Chestnut and Black Warbling Finch, Senegal Parrot, Talking Hill Mynah, and Grenadier Waxbill. First breeders in Europe of the Silver Zebra Finch and Chestnut-flanked White Zebra Finch and originators of the Yellow Redrump and the Rainbow and Golden¬ faced Rainbow Budgerigars. Young Keston Aviary-bred African Grey, Amazon and Senegal Parrots. Lovebirds. Talking Hill Mynahs. Insectivorous Species. Young Keston Aviary-bred Australian Parrakeets and Cockatoos. Budgerigars in all colours. Rare and Exotic Birds from all over the world are available during the season. Australian Finches in variety. African Weavers, Whydahs, and Waxbills. Easy Terms are available. Write for monthly lists. Our farm is open to customers only from 9.30 a.m.-4.30 p.m. weekdays (closed 1 p.m. -2 p.m.). Saturday mornings 9.30 a.m.- 12.30 p.m., other times by appointment. Green Line Coach 705 from Victoria passes the gate. Book to Heathfield Road, Keston. Walk along in the same direction as the ’bus goes for about 300 yards and take the first turning on the right. “I NAME THIS PARROT . . ” BY Arthur A. Prestwich 5s. 6d. Post Free. ARTHUR A. PRESTWICH 61 CHASE ROAD, OAKWOOD, LONDON, N. 14 VIT-MIN (Powder) 1/4, 3/9, 12/- (Liquid) 3/6,11/- The Supreme supplement — rich in ALL essential vitamins, minerals and protein. Regular use ensures vigorous health, increases resistance to disease and BUILDS FINE STURDY BIRDS. BIRD TONIC 2/-, 3/6, 10/- Unexcelled pick-me-up. A fine Tonic when Breeding, Moulting and Showing. AVOL (Liquid) 1/10,3/3 AVEX (Powder) 1/10,3/3 Both for Enteritis, Diarrhcea, Looseness, Sickness, Indigestion, Acidity, etc. MOULTONE 1/6, 3/6 A special tonic for birds in the moult. Restores vitality. Aids feather growth. A.B.C. MIXTURE 1/6, 3/6 For relief of Asthma, Bronchitis, Colds. PEK-SPRAY 2/-, 5/- Stops feather plucking in cage birds. Safe for chicks. Harmless to eyes. Ready- for-use in plastic spray bottle. SCALY-CREAM 1/6, 2/6 Certain cure for scaly face and scaly leg. In polythene applicator tube. SPRAY-PEST I /3, 2/-, 8/- Powerful destroyer of RED MITE. For Birdrooms, cages, perches, etc. RID-MITE I/-, 2/6 The safe and efficient Insect Powder. PLUME-SPRAY 1/3, 2/-, 8/- Produces lovely “sheen”. Repels insects. For regular use in spray or bath. SHAMPEX 1/10,3/3 Super shampoo specially for cage birds. Ideal for spraying and handwashing. From your Seed Dealer Johnson's Vet. Products, Ltd. Sutton Coldfield, Warwicks. Recent Books J. J. Yealland CAGE BIRDS IN COLOUR The author supplies authoritative text to a book brilliantly illustrated with 64 plates in colour depicting over 150 birds. 95. 6 d. net. A. A. Johnson and W. H. Payn ORNAMENTAL WATERFOWL A valuable guide to their care and breeding. 215. net. We would be glad to send you a prospectus describing “ Witherby’s Sound-Guide to British Birds” WITHERBY, 5 Warwick Court, London, W.C. I BOOKS on BIRDS Catalogue on request WHELDON & WESLEY LTD LYTTON LODGE, CODICOTE, Nr. HITCHIN, HERTS. Telephone : Codicote 370. The firm of P. Sluis was originally established at a small shop and factoiy in Amsterdam, in 1823, by the great-grandfather of the present Piet Sluis, and is believed to be the oldest established firm of Specialist Birdfood Manufacturers in the world. They were certainly the originators of the complete ready to use Special Birdfoods, which are obtainable in no less than thirty different countries in the world to-day, and which, although often imitated, have never yet been equalled. 44 Greenstuff ” for birds All birds need a daily allowance of “ Greenstuff ”, a new P. Sluis product consisting of the choicest dehydrated Dutch vegetables and salads, including carrots, lettuce, and spinach. “ Greenstuff ” contains the essential vitamins of fresh green food, and should be given to both softbills as well as hardbills. It should be mixed with their normal food. “ Greenstuff ” saves you the trouble of hunting for fresh greenfood for your birds — always difficult in winter. Packed in airtight polythene bags at Is., and obtainable at all P. SLUIS’ Stockists. If unable to obtain locally, we shall be pleased to send you a packet for Is. 3d. post paid, or Is, “ UNIVERSAL ” (Yellow packet) for Thrushes, Blackbirds, Starlings, Pekin Robins, Mynahs, Bulbuls, etc. £ lb. pkt. 2s. 4 d. 1 lb. 4s. 2 lb. 7s. 9 d. 3£ lb. bag 12s. 6 d. 7 lb. 23s. 9 d. 28 lb. 85s. Above prices include MEALWORMS We are pleased to report that the supply position has improved, and we are once again able to give our well-known quality and service. 2 oz. 4s. 6 d. 4 oz. 7s. 6 d. 8 oz. 12s. 6 d. 16 oz. 22s. 6 d. Original boxes as imported : — 3ilb. 60s. 6£lb. 115s. if ordered with other goods. “ INSECTIVOROUS ” (Red packet) for Wagtails, Red¬ starts, Shamas, Nightingales, Robins, Flycatchers, etc. £ lb. pkt. 3s. 6 d. 1 lb. 6s. 6 d. 2 lb. 12s. 9 d. 3i lb. bag 21s. 9 d. 7 lb. 39s. 9 d. 28 lb. 154s. postage or carriage. MAGGOTS Our maggots are the best feeding quality, thoroughly recleaned and packed in bran. No mess or smell. 2 oz. 3s. 4 d. 4 oz. 4s. 6d. 8 oz. 7s. 16 oz. 12s. 6 d. Net weight guaranteed. E. W. COOMBS, LTD. WOODLANDS, WALDERSLADE ROAD, CHATHAM, KENT. Phone : Bluebell Hill 268. ’ Grams : Avicult-Chatham. CANDIDATES FOR ELECTION Russell Aiuto, Monroe High School, Monroe, Michigan, U.S.A. Proposed by Miss P. Barclay-Smith. Homer M. Ball, 3400 Whittier Blvd., Los Angeles 23, Calif., U.S.A. Proposed by I A. A. Prestwich. Frank Q. Barone, Television Service Co. of Cuba, S.A., P.O. Box 2173, Habana, Cuba. Proposed by Miss K. Bonner. Frank Cade, Main Road, Mount Macedon, Victoria, Australia. Proposed by Miss K. Bonner. John P. Curtis, “ Sunraker,” View Road, Lyme Regis, Dorset. Proposed by Miss K. Bonner. R. W. Drury, “ Oakfields,” Stapleford Abbotts, Essex. Proposed by C. H. Wasted. Paul Edwards, 26 Kings Avenue, Stone, Staffs. Proposed by Miss K. Bonner. Mrs. V. Ekstrom, 8739 Thermal Street, Oakland 5, Calif., U.S.A. Proposed by j Miss K. Bonner. John H. Ellis, 2492 Newfield Road, Torrington, Conn., U.S.A. Proposed by ' A. A. Prestwich. Charles Fava, M.D., 65 Cathedral Street, Sliema, Malta. Proposed by Miss K. Bonner. Mrs. G. Grosvenor, Saighton Grange, Saighton, Nr. Chester. Proposed by F. Mosford. John Harrison, 50a Springside Avenue, Walkden, Manchester, Lancs. Proposed by Miss K. Bonner. Miss Rosemary Hill, “ Birdland,” Bourton-on-the-Water, Glos. Proposed by L. W. Hill. Gordon Hindmarsh, Box 498, P.O. Mildura, Victoria, Australia. Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. Thomas W. Holder, 12 Wickham Road, Camberley, Surrey. Proposed by Miss K. Bonner. John V. Hood, 651 Old Mill Road, Pasadena 9, Calif., U.S.A. Proposed by Otis Wade. G. W. Humphrey, Wyndham Park, Cromer. Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. Mrs. Alyse Murry Johnson, 1407 S.E. 27th Street, Apt. 4, Portland 14, Oregon, U.S.A. Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. Jack M. Kiracofe, Lakeview Waterfowl, Boiling Springs, Penna., U.S.A. Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. Leslie J. Lawrence, Halton Road, Dandenong, Australia. Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. James E. LeBlond, 43 Half Moon Lane, Herne Hill, S.E. 24. Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. Brian J. Leddin, 57 Sailor’s Gully Road, Eaglehawk, Victoria, Australia. Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. William W. Lemburg, Cairo, Nebraska, U.S.A. Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. Herbert F. Y. Liu, 1840 Lusitana Street, Honolulu 13, Hawaii. Proposed by Miss K. Bonner. A. R. Machado, No. 50 9th Street, Linden, Johannesburg, South Africa. Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. Edward J. Maruska, 3440 South St. Louis Avenue, Chicago 23, Ill., U.S.A. Proposed by R. L. Blakely. Andrew Muir, Jr., 10 Cotton Street, Castle Douglas, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland. Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. John J. Heath Murray, Orchard House, Aston Tirrold, Berks. Proposed by F. Mosford. R. P. R. McGlashan, c/o Shell Go. of W.A. Ltd., Private Mail Bag 2052, Lagos, Nigeria. Proposed by H. Stiven. John L. McKean, M.R.A.O.U., 5 Hoyt Street, Hampton S. 7, Victoria, Australia. Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. J. L. D. Nicolle, Box 38, Bindura, Southern Rhodesia. Proposed by O. E. Clements. Ralph Pretorius, P.O. Box 40, Bethanien, South-West Africa. Proposed by Miss K. Bonner. Mrs. Joyce Price, 8 Sweetbriar Road, Port of Spain, Trinidad, B. W.I. Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. Hector Pryce, 8 Dolerw, Welshpool, Mont. Proposed by R. P. Bufton. H. G. Reijn, Lingeweg 21, Drumpt bij Tiel, Holland. Proposed by A. Rutgers. Richard A. Richardson, “ Hill-Top,” Cley, Holt, Norfolk. Proposed by Derek Goodwin. Mrs. G. Rochfort-Boyd, Couchman Green, Staplehurst, Kent. Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. Henry Ruseler, 3504 So. 3rd East Street, Salt Lake City 15, Utah, U.S.A. Proposed by Calvin Wilson. C. Sowerby, 21 Springhead Avenue, Willerby Road, Hull, E. Yorks. Proposed by Miss K. Bonner. Stanley G. Stone, 38 Bain Terrace, Trevallyn, Tasmania. Proposed by Miss K. Bonner. G. Swanepoel, P.O. Box 51, Bethanien, South-West Africa. Proposed by Miss K. Bonner. Albert Winston Tansley, “ Sundown,” Bournebridge Lane, Stapleford Abbotts, Essex. Proposed by Miss K. Bonner. Craig Twaddle, Box 491, P.O. Mildura, Victoria, Australia.'- Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. Dr. Joao de Mello Ulrich, Rua Dr. Antonio Martins 5, Estoril, Portugal, Proposed by Dr. C. Fernando Costa. Mrs. E. N. T. Vane, “ Fair acre,” Chiltern Road, Ballinger, Gt. Missenden, Bucks. Proposed by Miss K. Bonner. B. H. Veerasawmy, c/o Paignton Zoological and Botanical Gardens, Primley Park, Paignton, Devon. Proposed by J. J. Yealland. Horald V. Watson, Al-Wat Aviaries, P.O. Box 275, Hull, Texas, U.S.A. Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. John Graham Wheeldon, Residential School, Llandrindod Wells, Radnor. Proposed by R. P. Bufton. NEW MEMBERS The nineteen Candidates for Election in the November-December, 1958, number of the Avicultural Magazine were duly elected members of the Society. DONATIONS (Coloured Plate Fund) J. Spedan Lewis .... £ 5 s. 0 d. 0 “ Alpha ” ... • 3 3 0 S. Murray 2 0 0 E. A. Tickle 2 0 0 Mrs. J. Dalziel Birrell . 1 0 0 Mrs. Rose Hughes 1 0 0 Lt.-Col. H. W. Clayden 15 0 W. G. Conway 15 0 Mrs. J. W. Flintoft 1 5 0 Joshua Z. Howell 15 0 Jack Berlin 10 0 J. G. Scourfield . 10 0 Newton R. Steel 10 0 A. G. Thomas 10 0 Mrs. J. S. Goodbrand . 7 6 MEMBERS’ ADVERTISEMENTS The charge for Members' advertisements is three pence per word. Payment must accompany the advertisement , which must be sent on or before the 15th of the month to A. A. Prestwich, 61 Chase Road, Oakwood, N. 14. All members of the Society are entitled to use this column , but the Council reserves the right to refuse any advertisements they consider unsuitable. FOR SALE Turquoisine cocks, 1958 home-bred, vigorous, or would exchange for hens or Splendid cocks : — Captain D. Mitchell Benvie, Heughhead, Friockheim, By Arbroath, Angus. Tel. : Friockheim 253. Golden-mantled Rosella hen, £15 ; pair Bourkes, £27 iol : — Bernard Dittrich, Reimill Aviaries, Cookham Rise, Maidenhead, Berks. Tel. : Bourne End 828. For Indian birds buy direct from K. L. Acooli and Sons, Post Box 12008. Calcutta- 2, India. WANTED Superb Spreo Starling hen ; pure 1958 Golden-mantled Rosella hen ; true pairs Blue-faced Parrot Finches. — Captain D. Mitchell Benvie, Heughhead, Friockheim, By Arbroath, Angus. Tel. : Friockheim 253. Two Rock Pebbler hens. — Dr. K. G. Rothwell, 51 Lutterworth Road, Leicester. Tel. : Leicester 32258. Splendid Grass Parrakeet hen. — Bernard Dittrich, Reimill Aviaries, Cookham Rise, Maidenhead, Berks. Tel. : Bourne End 828. Hen Stanley Parrakeet ; Neville Cayley’s Australian Parrots ; Aviculture , Vol. 1. — R. T. Kyme, King Street, Kirton, Boston, Lincolnshire. WATERFOWL RINGS Members are reminded that the Society’s special blue rings are always available. All Waterfowl in collections, both public and private, should carry them. Revised prices Size. 2-3 3 4 4-5 5 Price per dozen , post free, s. d. Teal Wigeon . Mallard, Pintail, etc. Smaller geese Greylag . Requests for rings should be addressed to the Hon. Secretary, Avicultural Society, c/o Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, N.W. 1, from whom all particulars can be obtained. POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS Attention is drawn to the following rules : — 1. All birds to be addressed to the Pathologist, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, N.W. 1. 2. A brief account of the illness should be sent and, in addition, it should be stated what other birds are kept on the same premises. 3. Enclose full name and address and telephone number, so that the owner may be informed urgently of what action to take in case of infectious disease, or contacted if further information is required. 4. Fees are based on die amount of work done. The basic fee for a single post¬ mortem examination is io$., but bacteriological and other laboratory tests are charged extra. Where more than one bird is sent at the same time the fee is not necessarily as much as 105. per bird. 5. No body or skin of any bird will be returned under any circumstances whatever. Arthur A. Prestwich, Hon. Secretary. STEPHEN AUSTIN AND SONS, LTD., PRINTERS, HERTFORD. A - s? AVICULTURAL MAGAZINE CONTENTS The Hooded Pitta ( Pitta sordida cucullata ) ( with coloured plate), by D. M Reid-Henry . The Importation of Australian Parrakeets, by Dr. K. G. Rothwell Notes from the Wildfowl Trust, by S. T. Johnstone . . • • Some Breeding Results at Keston— Season 1958 {with plates ), by Edward J Boosey . . . . • • • . • • • * . ' Breeding of the Amethyst Starling at the Keston Foreign Bird Farm, 1958 {with, plates ), by W. D. Cummings . . . The Parrots at the Copenhagen Zoo {with plates) 9 by H. Poulsen Council Meeting . . . . The National Exhibition of Cage Birds . London Zoo Notes British Aviculturists’ Club . • News and Views .....•••*• Reviews Correspondence . Accounts . . . . • • ... PAGE VOL. 65 No. 2 PRICE 5/- M ARCH-APRIL 1959 co m o ^<0 o OJ c* ct co o cococo ^ uolo THE AVICULTURAL SOCIETY Founded 1894 President : D. Seth- Smith, Esq. Hon. Secretary and Treasurer : A. A. Prestwich, 61, Chase Road, Oakwood, London, N. 14. Assistant Secretary : Miss Kay Bonner. Membership Subscription is £1 per annum, due on 1st January each year, and payable in advance. Life Membership £15. Subscriptions, Changes of Address, Names of Candidates for Membership, etc., should be sent to the Hon. Secretary. THE AVICULTURAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Hon. President ; Mr. Jean Delacour. President : Mr. Thomas J. Brinker. Secretary s Mr. Otis Wade, 1806 Redesdale Avenue, Los Angeles 26, Calif., U.S.A. The annual dues of the Society are $2.50 per year, payable in advance. The Society year begins 1st January, but new members may be admitted at any time. Members receive a monthly bulletin. Correspondence regarding membership, etc., should be directed to the Secretary. THE AVICULTURAL MAGAZINE The Magazine is published bi-monthly, and sent free to all members of the Avicultural Society. Members joining at any time during the year are entitled to the back numbers for the current year on the payment of subscription. All matter for publication in the Magazine should be addressed to : — The Editor 1 Miss Phyllis Barclay-Smith, 51 Warwick Avenue, London, W. 9. Telephone : Cunningham 3006. The price of the Magazine to non-members is 5J., post free, per copy, or £1 10 s. for the year. Orders for the Magazine, extra copies and back numbers (from 1917) should be sent to the publishers, Stephen Austin & Sons, Ltd., Caxton Hill, Ware Road, Hertford, England. Telephone : Hertford 2352/3/4. Hooded Pitta. Avicultural Magazine THE JOURNAL OF THE AVICULTURAL SOCIETY AND THE AVICULTURAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Vol. 65. — No. 2. — All rights reserved. MARCH- APRIL, 1959 THE HOODED PITTA {Pitta sordida cucullata ) By D. M. Reid-Henry (Woodford Green, Essex, England) This beautiful bird hails from the jungle-covered hills and mountains of Assam, Burma, Malaysia, and Siam. Like most of the family it is a creature of the undergrowth where it occupies its time in scuffling about amongst the wet and decaying vegetation in the search of insects and grubs, spiders, worms, and small reptiles. These, with a few berries and other fruit, represent its diet-sheet. When appetite is satisfied the bird finds a perch on some fallen log or moss-covered boulder and spends considerable time if undisturbed preening or just sitting still. When alarmed it slips quietly away, flying low for a short distance to a more secure position. The usual mode of progress for pittas is by means of a succession of prodigious hops with intervals between, when they stand erect on their long legs to listen or to look for food. They do not leave the forest undergrowth from choice during the day, but at night they mount high into trees to roost. In a previous article, when I wrote of the Bengal Pitta (Avicultural Magazine, Vol. 64), I mentioned much in the way of general details about these birds, and I will content myself and, I hope, the readers by simply referring to that article. What would apply in the case of that bird also holds good here, at any rate as regards habits and treatment in captivity. However, as pittas of one sort or another are now more easily obtainable than they have been in the past I would like to recom¬ mend them to any serious aviculturist who has some experience of keeping softbills. They do equally well in either planted aviary or a large cage provided they are kept warm and with a soft floor. A good insectivorous food supplemented with snails, centipedes, mealworms, or any other garden-inhabiting gentry will keep them well satisfied, whilst a barrow-load of dead leaves (preferably moist and well decayed) WSW*'-' 34 D. M. REID-HENRY - THE HOODED PITTA along with some rotting wood will give the owner some fine chances to watch the bird in action. Without this natural rubbish the bird will probably spend the day hidden as far from view as it can escape. I only once possessed one of this species — in Calcutta, but I have seen many in other peoples’ possession, and it was from one such bird, a perfectly tame and confiding creature, that I was able to make the drawings for the accompanying coloured plate. About this plate I would like to make one point. Somewhere along the line of reproduction the green of the back has become too : light. There is considerable difference between the bluish-green of the underparts which is a rather pale colour, and the dark, slightly slaty-green of the back and wings. The illustration does not show this contrast at all well. There are three races of this pitta in Malaysia, and altogether about eight have been separated. Pitta sordida mulleri which breeds in Java, Sumatra, and Borneo, has a black crown. P. s. bangkana , the form found breeding in Banka and Billiton has brown on the sides of the crown. P. s. cucullata, the subject of the plate, comes from the north of the range for the species, but migrates into many areas occupied by other races. In all the brown-headed forms, the base of the crown feathers are black ; so that some confusion may arise in identification when the feathers are puffed up, because the black bases then become apparent and a more or less distinct black line through the centre of the crown from bill to nape appears. It is this feature which I have tried to bring out in the plate, and is very clearly to be seen when the bird is at rest. * * * K. G. ROTHWELL - IMPORTATION OF AUSTRALIAN PARRAKEETS 35 THE IMPORTATION OF AUSTRALIAN PARRAKEETS By Dr. K. G. Rothwell (Leicester, England) A few years ago I attempted the task of forming the nucleus of a modest collection of parrakeets. This presented quite a difficult problem for good quality birds were both rare and expensive. I have always been interested in the old inscriptions on ancient tombstones, yet they tell you little of the character of the departed, for all the dead are good it seems — and so it is with birds. I have been introduced to the migrant species ; this is usually a breeding pair of birds that spend one season in one aviary ; they are reluctantly parted with and spend the next season with you. So you may learn at first hand the real reason why their former owner denied himself the privilege of a longer acquaintance. As it was very difficult to obtain the birds in this country my mind turned to the possibility of importing a few pairs. A few inquiries to the more experienced and wiser members of our Society met with a discouraging response. I was treated to blood-curdling stories as to the frightful losses I could expect, even as high as 50 per cent unless the birds were accompanied by an experienced aviculturist. A rough calculation of the wages of such a person, even if he could be found, persuaded me that this was hardly feasible. Money calculations of this type do influence me I find, and so I abandoned the idea. My ideas of importing the birds were soon to be revived, however, for when I visited the aviaries of a member I was shown a pair of birds in really lovely condition which the proud owner had recently brought over from Australia. I felt that what he had achieved I could try to emulate. The very first step I felt was to try to prophesy the main causes responsible for a high mortality, I tried to forget the fate of most prophets, at least burning at the stake was unlikely I hoped. At the worst I could only lose my money and this was penalty enough. I felt the main causes for a high mortality were as follows : — 1. The birds may be freshly trapped and therefore not used to the diet offered them in captivity. 2. The birds may be ill or suffering from incipient disease which was masked. 3. Immaturity possibly was responsible for some losses, for the resistance to infection in all very young creatures is less than in more mature ones. But neither did I want old and ailing birds. 4. Overcrowding and unsuitable cages took their toll. 5. The most difficult problem was the likelihood that a percentage would fall ill en route and that these in the absence of expert attendance would be more certain to die than to recover. 36 K. G. ROTHWELL - IMPORTATION OF AUSTRALIAN PARRAKEETS A series of lucky chances provided the answer to the first points. I was able to stipulate certain conditions and to have an entirely independent witness to see they were carried out. Only birds that had been confined in an aviary for a minimum of six weeks could be sent. They were then examined by a qualified person to see they were free from infection, of good quality and size, and, finally, feeding freely on the staple seeds. They were then placed in the special cages for a period of two weeks to accustom them to their new quarters. The birds were separately caged and the cages of a definite size. Finally, for the last three days before departure the birds were placed on an aureomycin powder, glucose, calcium lactate, and vitamin B complex. To this was added a high protein supplement. I was ready to try my chance on a sort of pilot scheme, I thought the best thing was to select four pairs of birds, all from different genera, as representatives of the rest. I placed the order and sent the money and settled down to a very uneasy four weeks. The vessel carrying the birds had been carefully selected and the attendants, although perhaps inexperienced, were full of enthusiasm. The great day finally arrived and I was delighted to find all the birds safe and, what was more, in really wonderful condition. They all settled down well and, except for the hen King which died, they are still fit and well. This then brings us to last year when the project was far more ambitious for I included orders for some friends and for two or three zoos. As the prices of the birds are affected to our advantage by an increase in number I would like to pay tribute to the zoos for their support. By using the regime as roughly outlined the mortality was reduced in the main to less than 1 per cent. There were, however, three exceptions to the rule : Rock Peplars, Crimson-wings, and Kings. This next year I hope to improve on this record by dramatically changing the method in respect of these species. One particular shipment was disastrous, but it was in part due to the fact the birds were sent in pairs and they were very immature, thus where one fell ill its companion soon followed the same track. Surprisingly the Grass Parrakeets are excellent travellers. Not one single bird was lost either in the preparation or en route , indeed those that arrived in May, wet and cold though it was, went immediately to nest. The Psephotus group are also fine travellers as well and this includes the Hooded. One of the two pairs was in immature plumage and not so fit as the adult pair, but in the event have caused their owner no anxiety. The cockatoos from the impressive Funereal to the Roseate, except for one unfortunate accident where a hen had her neck broken, all arrived in fine fettle. The Leadbeater’s being very vigorous. S. T. JOHNSTONE - NOTES FROM THE WILDFOWL TRUST 37 The Broad- tails, including the Brown’s, Pennant’s, “ 28,” and Bauer’s, Yellow, Green, and Golden-mantled Rosellas did very well indeed and, but for the last shipment when it was getting rather late, all arrived quite safely. Lorrikeets are, in spite of their diet, particularly good on this regime and none has been lost either en route or subsequently. They seem to withstand the rather close confinement exceedingly well. I feel these birds merit greater interest for they are so hardy, and if they do fall ill they are easier to medicate. Undoubtedly the Rock Peplars are the fly in the ointment, out of ten consigned only three arrived safely, and yet they were in first-class condition. I am quite unable to explain this phenomenon. The record with Crimson-wings and Kings is better, but not yet quite as good as I would like. I am still trying to analyse the results and to draw conclusions. I offer these notes with all deference and modesty and hope they offend no one. I hope in the end to acquire enough knowledge to be able to make the importation of birds less hazardous for the birds and thus enable us to establish aviary strains of many of the species of cockatoos and parrakeets that are increasingly threatened in their natural environment. ❖ * * NOTES FROM THE WILDFOWL TRUST By S. T. Johnstone (Slimbridge, Glos., England) In spite of the appalling summer of 1958, we had our most successful breeding season yet. Over ninety forms of waterfowl nested and eight-four kinds were reared ; the number of birds was over 800 at Slimbridge and 300 at Peakirk. First rearings included Black Brant Branta bernicla orientalis and New Zealand Scaup Aythya novaseelandia. The Mallards were well represented, eleven forms having bred. Among the more interesting species produced were Magpie Goose Anseranas semipalmata , Bewick’s Swan Cygnus columbianus bewickii, Chinese Spotbill Anas pcecilorhyncha zonorhyncha , Brazilian Teal Amazoneita b. brasiliensis, Goosander Mergus m. merganser , and Red-breasted Merganser Mergus s. senator . Hartlaub’s Teal Cairina h. hartlaubi also bred but no young were reared ; the female of a full-winged pair in our small aviary laid three clutches, but made no attempt to incubate. Twenty-four eggs were laid ; fertility was very low and only five weakly ducklings hatched, none surviving more than a week. On 1 2th May, 1958, a Black Brant made a scrape, right in the middle of the greensward where visitors may walk amongst the birds, and laid its first egg. The egg was removed and a wooden facsimile used to 38 S. T. JOHNSTONE - NOTES FROM THE WILDFOWL TRUST replace it. The next day the goose decided to move to a new site and, again right in the middle of the closely cut grass, laid her second egg. On the four subsequent days four more eggs were laid. The gander ! was very aggressive to all who approached his mate. The goose covered the eggs with a liberal amount of down ; their average size was 7*32 X 4* 82 cm. and weight 96 grammes. Three of the eggs were fertile and a small hen was used to incubate. The pipping took place on the twenty-fifth day and three babies hatched on the twenty-sixth. Unfortunately, one gosling was crushed in the sitting box and as a precaution the two remaining goslings were put under a bantam that had been hatching some Wood Ducks. These dark grey balls of fluff with slightly paler cheeks had as an early diet minced hard-boiled egg mixed with chopped grass, clover, and water-cress. This mixture was sprinkled over turkey starter crumbs. For the first four days the babies were kept on grass in a covered brooder, but as they became stronger and the weather improved, they were allowed free range over an open pen. Their foster-mother became very attached to them and drove off all winged interlopers. Every Hawaiian Goose Branta sandvicensis outside the Hawaiian Islands has been bred from the two females which came to Slimbridge through the munificence of Mr. Herbert Shipman, of Hilo, in April, 1950, and the male which followed at Easter, 1951. Unfortunately, the discovery that the first two geese were not a pair was not made until they both laid in 1951 and, although the male was sent from Hawaii with the utmost expedition, by the time the two females laid their second clutches he was in full moult. This gander, a truly regal bird, we named “ Kamehameha 55 and his consorts “ Kaiulani 55 and “ Emma ”. In 1952 “ Emma 55 laid her first egg on the 18th February, followed a week later by “ Kaiulani Both geese laid two clutches and altogether nine goslings were hatched and reared. Our general practice of removing the eggs from the parents and incubating them under bantams — thus inducing the goose to lay a second and some¬ times a third clutch — has been followed with the Ne-ne. Clutches have varied between three and six eggs ; these are white, the average size being 80 X 50 mm. and the average weight 145 grammes. It is found that a Silkie bantam-cross foster-mother is most satisfactory. These birds are relatively light in weight, yet have a large egg-covering capacity and are generally given three goose eggs to incubate. The incubation period varies between twenty-eight and thirty- two days. Although actual hatching seems to be more difficult than in other species and the goslings initially weaker, it has been our experience that the survival rate is considerably higher. Initial feeding has been induced with the same diet as that described for the Black Brant. After three or four days the chopped hard-boiled egg is replaced S. T. JOHNSTONE - NOTES FROM THE WILDFOWL TRUST 39 completely by turkey starter crumbs and a bunch of water-cress is tied to the brooder. This diet is continued for six weeks, after which the goslings lose interest in the water-cress and are content to crop the grass on which they are raised. A strange characteristic has occasionally appeared, in that some of the goslings have had down of a cottony texture, instead of the normal, soft fluffy kind and this has given them a peculiarly bedraggled appearance ; there has, however, been no difference from normal in these birds after feathering. The difference in climatic conditions between Slimbridge and Hawaii during the breeding seasons is emphasized by the fact that goslings have been hatched here when there were two inches of snow on the sitting-boxes. The numbers of goslings reared annually to date are as follows : 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 9 4 4 4 18 14 26 This is a total of seventy-nine Ne-nes raised from the original two geese ; “ Emma,” one of these, died from atrophy of the adrenal gland in 1954- Several pairs have now been established with other collections, notably by Mr. Terry Jones at Leckford, where he has most success¬ fully bred from one pair for the past three years ; he now has two pairs and others are at Mr. Delacour’s park at Cleres in France, at Rotterdam, at Basle Zoo, at Whipsnade, and in America under the care of Dr. Dillon Ripley, of Yale University. Those at Slimbridge now number fifty-three, and though a flock of twenty-two may usually be seen by visitors not far from the entrance gate, the majority are kept carefully segregated in pairs in different pens so that the breeding of the two strains descended from “ Emma ” and “ Kaiulani ” may be controlled. Recent additions to the collection, which at the beginning of 1959 comprised 160 forms, include Laysan Teal Anas platyrhynchos laysanensis (entrusted to us to assist, as with the Ne-ne, in preserving them from extinction), Long-tailed Duck Clangula hy emails, Harlequin Duck Histrionicus h. histrionicus, Australian White-eye Aythya a. australis , Cotton Teal JVettapus c. coromandelianus , African Pygmy Goose Nettapus auritus, White-backed Duck Thalassornis l. leuconotus , and Black-headed Duck Heteronetta atricapilla. Further specimens of King Eider Somateria spectahilis and Hooded Merganser Mergus cucullatus have also been acquired. 40 EDWARD J. BOOSEY - BREEDING RESULTS AT KESTON - SEASON 1 958 SOME BREEDING RESULTS AT KESTON— SEASON 1958 By Edward J. Boosey (Keston, Kent, England) I am writing to record several breeding results of particular interest here at the Keston Foreign Bird Farm during the past season. One of these was a “ First ”, namely the rearing of two young ones by a pair of the very rarely imported Purple Grenadier Waxbill, Granatina ianthinogaster , of which I will say no more here, as I have already given a full account of this event in a previous issue of the Magazine. Another breeding result of more than usual interest was the rearing of two young ones by a pair of Amethyst Starlings, a species which has only once been bred before in this country — by the late Dr. Amsler in 1935 — who, however, did not specify whether his birds were of the typical form Cinnyricinclus leucogaster , which is found north of the Equator, or C. 1. verreauxi , a sub-species inhabiting South Africa, often known as Verreaux’s Starling. Apparently the only difference between the two is that the male of the latter has the outer edge of the two outer tail feathers white, and when we recently caught up the cock of our pair to take its photograph, we found that this was so in its case, so ours are Verreaux’s Starling. I do not propose to go into details of their breeding, as Mr. Cummings, who looks after them, has written a full account for the Magazine. I think perhaps the most interesting thing was the fact that their nest, in a Grass Parrakeet type nest-box, consisted entirely of freshly gathered green leaves. I am particularly glad to be able to record the rearing of six young ones — in two nests of three each — by our pair of Mountain Bluebirds, Sialia currucoides. The young ones were reared almost entirely on gentles and mealworms, and the parents were obtained from, and bred by, Mr. Kenneth Norris, who has had such remarkable breeding success with this species. A pair of African Grey Parrots reared a fine and, I should say, exceptionally large brood of four young ones. We do not know their ultimate fate as they were all stolen two or three weeks after they had been taken away from their parents. A male Festive Amazon mated to a rare female Red- throated Amazon, Amazona collaria, reared three young ones which, like most hybrids, were particularly good specimens. They were intermediate in size between their two parents and all, rather surprisingly, took entirely after the male in appearance. There is considerable disparity in the size of the parents, the Festive being one of the larger Amazons, while the Jamaican is one of the smallest members of the family. They are altogether an oddly assorted couple, Avic. Mag. 1959. X'- W co *“* *-» hH 1-1 ►H <-l (“H l-l W O M <7)<£> ~ 0 CJ m cj -^co 05 *>• r}< in co 05 ^ f' CO X'' ►H O*) -i 05 co co m co cj o co ^conim m M J>-r^ ^ ^co 05 m « CO CM >1 S* o cj co o o 05 in mco w in 05 05 - CO m ? d • • o £ I § I • • g 42 S ►—5 2 bp or'iCt« JR .&1 ^ T3 O (h <« l« (H •£ « 3 /9'rtPc5'c5'rt15rrtl5,c3'5>d P-1 co Q co co co co co co co co < Q e2 * a********** TJ § * *0 O CO verified the Bank Balance. Although most avian diets provide an adequate level of nutrition for both adult and growing birds, the stimulating effect upon metabolism of additional supplies of the B complex group of vitamins is firmly established. The B complex is widely present in nature, typical sources being liver, germinating cereals, and yeast. Phillips Yeast Mixture contains dried brewers’ yeast of a vitamin-rich strain com¬ pounded with a carefully balanced mixture of minerals and trace elements. It is completely non-toxic and acceptable to all birds. 2/6 ; 7/6 ; 4 lb. 35/- ; and 7 lb. 50/- Zoological sizes on application From Corn Stores and Chemists % Inquiries for P.Y.M. from Overseas should be addressed to Phillips Yeast Products , Ltd., Park Royal Road , London , N. W. 10, England. These will be dealt with direct or the name of our Agent will be supplied. Why not let your car speak for you and show your interests ? Special Chrome and Real Enamel Avicultural Society Car Badge Engraved with member’s name The Price is £2 2s. ($6.00) Post Free. Engraving is a Protection Against Loss JOHN THORPE Dean Cottage Littledean . Glos. There is much to interest the Aviculturist at Chester Zoo including a New Bird House with Outside Flights AMBLESIDE WATER GARDENS AND AVIARIES (Proprietor : J. B. Burbridge) LOWER WEARE, AXBRIDGE, SOMERSET Telephone : Axbridge 362 * On the main Bristol-Bridgwater road (A 38), 18 miles from Bristol and 4 miles from Cheddar Gorge. * When in the Beautiful West Country — Visit the Gardens full of wonderful shrubs and Birds. Large collection of Waterfowl on over an acre of water. Walk right through the largest single Aviary of its kind in the country. Over 300 feet long, 20 feet wide, and 12 feet high, overlooking the Lake. Members of the Avicultural Society always welcome. * Something for Everyone * Morning Coffee, Afternoon Teas, Ice Cream, etc. Parties Catered For. RETAIN THE p rr\ colour in IX XL your birds BY USING THE NEW LIQUID COLOUR FOOD “SUPACOL” SENSATIONAL RESULTS See report of Olympia Show, cc Cage Birds T of the improved colour to Mr. Sawyer’s Scarlet Cock-o-the-Rock, colour fed with “ SUPACOL” 1 oz. size, 460 drops, 4/9. — 2 oz. size, 920 drops, 8/6. Post paid. For RARE BIRDS AND THE CELEBRATED STIMULITE REG. TRADE MARK BIRD FOODS Consult— P. H. HASTINGS 182 SULTAN ROAD PORTSMOUTH ’Phone 21582 When Visiting the COTSWOLDS AVICULTURISTS ARE WELCOME TO Set in the charm oj an old English Garden at the lovely Village oj BO UR TON- ON- THE - WA TER Sensational INSECT SPRAY FOR DIRECT USE ON BIRDS IN THE CAGE Non-poisonous. Harmless to birds. KILLS REDMITE, NORTHERN MITE, LICE, etc. fldnsMS tr 2 &/— ANTI-MITE’ Aerosol Insect Spray 2 oz. 4/- 6 oz. 8/6 from your Seed Dealer. “Of Absorbing Interest to Aviculturists ” Records of Parrots Bred in Captivity. Part i. Lories and Lorikeets. Part ii. Cockatoos and Macaws. Part iii. Conures, Parrotlets and Parrots. Part iv. Ring-necks and Kings. Part v. Lovebirds and Broadtails. Part vi. Grass Parrakeets. Cloth Bound, 7s. 6d. each, post free. Part vii. Additions. Cloth Bound, 10s. 0d., post free. ARTHUR A. PRESTWICH, 61 CHASE ROAD, OAKWOOD, LONDON, N. 14 sJlUIS special softbill bird foods The firm of P. Sluis was originally established at a small shop and factory in Amsterdam, in 1823, by the great-grandfather of the present Piet Sluis, and is believed to be the oldest established firm of Specialist Birdfood Manufacturers in the world. They were certainly the originators of the complete ready to use Special Birdfoods, which are obtainable in no less than thirty different countries in the world to-day, and which, although often imitated, have never yet been equalled. 64 Greenstuff 99 far birds All birds need a daily allowance of “ Greenstuff ”, a new P. Sluis product consisting of the choicest dehydrated Dutch vegetables and salads, including carrots, lettuce, and spinach. “ Greenstuff ” contains the essential vitamins of fresh green food, and should be given to both softbills as well as hardbills. It should be mixed with their normal food. “ Greenstuff ” saves you the trouble of hunting for fresh greenfood for your birds — always difficult in winter. Packed in airtight polythene bags at Is., and obtainable at all P. SLUIS* Stockists. If unable to obtain locally, we shall be pleased to send you a packet for Is. 3d. post paid, or Is. if ordered with other goods. “ UNIVERSAL 55 (Yellow packet) for Thrushes, Blackbirds, Starlings, Pekin Robins, Mynahs, Bulbuls, etc. £ lb. pkt. 2s. 4 d. 1 lb. 4s. 2 lb. 7s. 9 d. 31 lb. bag 12s. 6 d. 7 lb. 23s. 9 d. 28 lb. 85s. Above prices include MEALWORMS We are pleased to report that the supply position has improved, and we are once again able to give our well-known quality and service. 2 oz. 4s. 6 d. 4 oz. 7s. 6 d. 8 oz. 12s. 6 d. 16 oz. 22s. 6 d. Original boxes as imported : — 31 lb. 60s. 6| lb. 115s. 46 INSECTIVOROUS ” (Red packet) for Wagtails, Red¬ starts, Shamas, Nightingales, Robins, Flycatchers, etc. i lb. pkt. 3s. 6 d. 1 lb. 6s. 6 d. 2 lb. 12s. 9 d. 3\ lb. bag 21s. 9 d. 7 lb. 39s. 9 d. 28 lb. 154s. postage or carriage. MAGGOTS Our maggots are the best feeding quality, thoroughly recleaned and packed in bran. No mess or smell. 2 oz. 3s. 4 d. 4 oz. 4s. 6 d. 8 oz. 7s. 16 oz. 12s. 6 d. Net weight guaranteed. E. W. COOMBS, LTD. WOODLANDS, WALDERSLADE ROAD, CHATHAM, KENT. Phone : Bluebell Hill 268. * Grams : Avicult-Chatham. CANDIDATES FOR ELECTION Mrs. Muriel M. Adamson, Route 2, Box 575B, Conroe, Texas, U.S.A. Proposed by Miss K. Bonner. J. E. Collins, Ford Farm, Great Houghton, Northampton. Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. *T. Dineen, 145 High Street, Colliers Wood, London, S.W. 19. Proposed by Mrs. T. Dineen. Bruce C. Eastick, Bright Street, Willaston, South Australia. Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. Rudolph Flamich, 8255 W. Addison Street, Chicago 34, Ill., U.S.A. Proposed by R. L. Blakely. Edward James Ford, 215 Ash Avenue, Chula Vista, Calif., U.S.A. Proposed by Miss K. Bonner. W. J. Forest, 40 Narcot Road, Chalfont St. Giles, Bucks. Proposed by E. T. N. Vane. Albert J. Forman, Woodbrook Drive, Springdale, Conn., U.S.A. Proposed by Miss K. Bonner. Alan O. Futrell, 113 The Drive, Leeds 8, Yorks. Proposed by W. M. Sands. Mark Harrington, 12 York Avenue, Slough, Bucks. Proposed by Miss K. Bonner. Captain Vivian Hewitt, Bryn Aber, Cernlyn Bay, Anglesey. Proposed by W. C. Hall. P. C. James, 59 Cross Hall Road, St. Neots, Huntingdon. Proposed by B. M. Killick. Dr. Gordon Forster Jolly, M.B., M.R.C.O.G., M.B.O.U., 1 Newlyn Avenue, Druid Stoke, Bristol 3. Proposed by Philip Wayre. Charles Kruyfhooft, Chs6e de Zeverdonk 69, Turnhout, Belgium. Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. Miss Rosemary Low, 8 Old Farm Road West, Sidcup, Kent. Proposed by Miss K, Bonner. J. R. Mackinnon, 2 Abbot Street, Arbroath, Angus, Scotland. Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. Henning Madsen, St. Mikkelsgade 2in, Viborg, Denmark. Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. John S. MgKibbin, 34 Spruce Street, Lisburn, N. Ireland. Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. Eric A. Nelson, “ St. Cuthberts, ” Newbury Park, Ledbury, Herefordshire. Proposed by R. P. Bufton. Dr. Alan S. Pearl, 2443 No. Burling, Chicago 14, Ill., U.S.A. Proposed by Erling G. Kjelland. R. Marlin Perkins, Director, Lincoln Park Zoo, 100 W. Webster Drive, Chicago 14, Ill., U.S.A. Proposed by R. L. Blakely. A. F. Palmer Phillips, Kirkeaton, Longcroft Avenue, Harpenden, Herts. Proposed by Miss K. Bonner. John Gustin Rice, Wyoming, Ontario, Canada. Proposed by Miss K. Bonner. Wayne K. Rohrig, 13 Manningham Street, Manningham, Adelaide, South Australia. Proposed by Miss K. Bonner. A. J. Scott, 104 Harris Avenue N., Panama City, Fla., U.S.A. Proposed by Miss K. Bonner. W. Selywn, Roma Mansions, Llandrindod Wells, Radnor. Proposed by R. P. Bufton. Lindsay C. Smith, 13 Le Hunte Avenue, Prospect, South Australia. Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. F. W. Stoddart, West Minley Farm, Blackwater, Camberley, Surrey. Proposed by H.J. Indge. J. W. Swallow, “ Cambria,” 9 Serby Avenue, Royston, Herts. Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. G. R. Walker, Avon Court, Bath Road, Bournemouth. Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. Captain H. Weston, Mandarin, Churchill Road, Chipping Norton, Oxon. Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. D. D. Whitsett, 1343 Bancroft Street, Winston-Salem, N.C., U.S.A. Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. T. Woodland, 39 Laburnum Road, Coopersale, Epping, Essex. Proposed by A. W. Tunesi. Dien Zuh-ming, No. i, Lane 6, Yung Kang Street, Taipei, Taiwan (Formosa). Proposed by A. A. Prestwich. * Magazine not required. READMITTED Miss K. A. Gamble, Briars, Heathfield, Sussex. NEW MEMBERS The forty-eight Candidates for Election in the January-February, 1959, number of the Avicultural Magazine were duly elected members of the Society. CHANGES OF ADDRESS Reginald Appleyard, to Hepworth Hall, Hepworth, Suffolk. Mrs. E. J. Birchall, to Rough Close, Hawkshead, Via Ambleside, Westmorland. B. S. F. Hessey, to 20 Briercliffe Road, Coombe Dingle, Bristol. Peter M. Macrow, to Ridge Road, Mt. Lofty, South Australia. Donald C. Nickon, to Zoologist, Lincoln Park Zoo, 100 W. Webster Avenue, Chicago 14, Ill.jU.S.A. Jack Pemberton-English, to P.O. Box 36, Tanah Rata, Malaya. G. Randau, to Rua Joaquim Nabuco 586, Caixa Postal 1252, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. G. St. George Schomberg, to Jean Cottage, Pullens Lane, Headington, Oxford. Miss P. K. Wolf, to Hanstead Stud, Weedon Hill, Aylesbury, Bucks. CORRECTED ADDRESS Edward J. Maruska, 3040 South St. Louis Avenue, Chicago 23, Ill., U.S.A. DONATIONS (Coloured Plate Fund) £s. d. F. E. B. Johnson . . . 100 Mrs. H. L. Schumacher . . 150 J. H. Jeffs .... 10 o MEMBERS’ ADVERTISEMENTS The charge for Members’ advertisements is three pence per word. Payment must accompany the advertisement , which must be sent on or before the 15 th of the month to A. A. Prestwich, 61 Chase Road, Oakwood, N. 14. All members of the Society are entitled to use this column , but the Council reserves the right to refuse any advertisements they consider unsuitable . FOR SALE For Indian Birds buy direct from K. L. Acooli and Sons, Post Box 12008. Calcutta- 2, India. Surplus copies of coloured plates by D. M. Reid-Henry that have appeared in recent copies of the Magazine, suitable for framing. Price is. each, post free. Mountain Blue Robin, Green-headed Olive Sunbird, Scarlet-tufted Malachite Sunbird, Hartlaub’s Touraco, Blue-shouldered Robin-Chat, Scarlet Tanagers, Wattled Starling, Emerald Starling, Lineolated Parrakeet, Brown-headed Parrot, Red-bellied Conure, Yellow-cheeked Conure, Red-faced Lovebird, Golden-winged Parrakeet, Green-winged King Parrakeet, White-bellied and Black-headed Caique, Vieillot’s Crested Fireback Pheasant, Blue Eared Pheasant, Bengal Pitta. — Hon. Secretary, 61 Chase Road, Oakwood, London, N.14. STEPHEN AUSTIN AND SONS, LTD., PRINTERS, HERTFORD. w* * w AVICULTURAL MAGAZINE VOL. 65 No. 3 CONTENTS PAGE The Ceylon Junglefowl {with coloured plate), by G. M. Henry . . .61 The Galdpagos Dove in Freedom and Captivity {with plate) , by A. A. Prestwich 66 Some Breeding Results in the Hallstrom Collection, by Sir Edward Hallstrom 77 The 1 958 Breeding Season in California, by David West . . . . 80 Breeding Results in a Collection in Louren5o Marques, by E. H. Hawke 82 Breeding of the Blue-and-yellow Macaw {with plate), by H. A. Snazle . . 84 Three Amazon Parrots, by Keith D. Frost . . . . , . 84 The Birds of Paradise on Little Tobago Island, by R. G. Kirkham . . 86 The Results of Two Collecting Trips in Mexico, by J. L. Throp ... 88 London Zoo Notes, by J. J. Yealland ....... 92 News and Views ........... 93 Review . - . . . . . . . . . -94 Notes ............. 95 Correspondence ........... 95 PRICE 5/- MAY-JUNE 1959 THE AVICULTURAL SOCIETY Founded 1894 President : D. Seth- Smith, Esq. Hon. Secretary and Treasurer : A. A. Prestwich, 61, Chase Road, Oakwood, London, N. 14. Assistant Secretary : Miss Kay Bonner. Membership Subscription is £1 per annum, due on 1st January each year, and payable in advance. Life Membership £15. Subscriptions, Changes of Address. Names of Candidates for Membership, etc., should be sent to the Hon. Secretary. THE AVICULTURAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Hon. President % Mr. Jean Delacour. President s Mr. Thomas J. Brinker. Secretary : Mr. Otis Wade, 1806 Redesdale Avenue, Los Angeles 26, Calif., U.S.A. The annual dues of the Society are $2.50 per year, payable in advance. The Society year begins 1st January, but new members may be admitted at any time. Members receive a monthly bulletin. Correspondence regarding membership, etc., should be directed to the Secretary. THE AVICULTURAL MAGAZINE The Magazine is published bi-monthly, and sent free to all members of the Avicultural Society. Members joining at any time during the year are entitled to the back numbers for the current year on the payment of subscription. All matter for publication in the Magazine should be addressed to : — The Editor : Miss Phyllis Barclay -Smith, 51 Warwick Avenue, London, W. 9. Telephone : Cunningham 3006. The price of the Magazine to non -members is 5 s.f post free, per copy, or £1 10 s. for the year. Orders for the Magazine, extra copies and back numbers (from 1917) should be sent to the publishers, Stephen Austin & Sons, Ltd., Gaxton Hill, Ware Road, Hertford, England. Telephone : Hertford 2352/3/4. _ n : v ?' • • Avic. Mag, I Ceylon Junglefowl Avicultural Magazine THE JOURNAL OF THE AVICULTURAL SOCIETY AND THE AVICULTURAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Vol. 65.— -No. 3. — All rights reserved. MAY-JUNE, 1959 THE CEYLON JUNGLEFOWL ( Gallus lafayettii Lesson) By G. M. Henry (Constantine, Falmouth, Cornwall) The genus Gallus comprises four species, of which the progenitor of all domestic breeds, G. gallus , the Red Junglefowl, is by far the best known. In its wild state this bird inhabits the northern and eastern portion of India (used in its geographical, not political, sense), and the neighbouring countries to the east of it, Burma, Siam, and Malaya. The southern and western portions of the Indian Peninsula are inhabited by the Grey Junglefowl, G. sonnerati. The Javan Green Junglefowl, G. varius , is a very different-looking creature (especially the male) from the other three, and would seem almost to deserve a genus to itself. The fourth member of the group is confined to Ceylon, where it is widely distributed wherever jungle is sufficiently extensive to afford it the protection and seclusion that it needs. It occurs at all eleva¬ tions from sea-level to the highest hills — about 8,000 feet — but, owing to the pressure of rapidly growing human population, involving deforestation and cultivation, the Junglefowl is being crowded out of vast areas where it was formerly common. There can be little question that its survival is largely due to the extreme wariness that it develops wherever it comes into contact with human kind ; in remote jungle districts, where it had been unmolested by man, I have sometimes found it to be little more nervous of observation than ordinary village poultry. A very slight acquaintance with man and his ways, however, suffices to render it cautious in the extreme. Forest of any kind, even low scrub jungle, is its home, but it dislikes tall rain-forest with its dense and lush undergrowth, and finds ideal conditions in the comparatively low and open jungle of the dry zone. In more densely wooded country it will be found on the outskirts rather than in the depths. Although it never departs very far from cover, it likes to emerge into open spaces, such as roadsides or deserted cultivation, 5 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION JUL 1 1959 62 G. M. HENRY - THE CEYLON JUNGLEFOWL especially in the early morning or after heavy rain. Like other forest- haunting Phasianidae, it generally prefers running to cover rather than flying, being difficult to put up on the wing unless surprised when it has strayed too far from cover to reach it by a quick dash. This statement, however, applies mainly to disturbance by humans ; when alarmed by a dog or other carnivore its usual reaction is to fly up into the nearest tree, there to peer at the intruder, cackling its alarm for some time before flying off to safer quarters. When thus excited, it carries the tail, which is usually trailed as shown in the plate, much more erect, more after the manner of a domestic fowl. One of the most characteristic sounds of the Ceylon jungles is the crowing of the Jungle-cock. It is a joyous and musical sound, generally likened to 44 George Joyce ”. A better transliteration to my ears is chiok , chaw choyik — uttered in a crisp and staccato manner — the terminal ik being higher pitched than the rest. In uttering the crow, the cock usually carries his head almost level with the body and jerks the beak sharply up at each syllable — a very different style from the bold stance of the farmyard Chanticleer ! Crowing may be heard throughout the year, but is much more frequent during the breeding season and is merely sporadic during the moult, which takes place during August-October. Moulting, by the way, in the Ceylon Junglefowl differs from that of both its Indian congeners in that there is no 44 eclipse 55 phase of plumage intercalated into the moulting cycle. The alarm-cackle of the Ceylon Jungle-hen is a high-pitched and staccato kwikkuk , kwikkukkuk repeated at brief intervals. When about to lay, she krarks in similar manner to a domestic hen but in a higher key, and her cluck to her chicks is similarly high-pitched and metallic. The food consists of seeds of many plants, grain, wild berries, leaves, and buds, and numerous insects and small animals ; in fact, the bird is completely omnivorous. The hen, in particular, is a most industrious scratcher, leaving a trail of scratchings wherever she goes. In the dry season, it is often possible to hear one scratching among the rubbish of the forest floor a considerable distance off, and by using the utmost caution, to stalk her. Hens, however, seem to be much more wary than cocks, decamping at the slightest suspicion of any unusual sound. Nellu-flowering years are the Junglefowls’ prosperous time ; this genus of plants ( Strobilanthes — many species) forms the greater part of the undergrowth in the upcountry forests above, say, 4,000 feet. It flowers at intervals of several years, seeds profusely, and then dies. The seed induces a periodical migration of Junglefowl, Spurfowl, and other seed eaters into the mountain forests, where they fatten and multiply greatly. Roosting takes place in trees, usually fairly high, and perched on thin outer branches, well sheltered by leafage. Nocturnal-hunting G. M. HENRY— THE CEYLON JUNGLEFOWL 63 palm civets, which can climb almost anything, are among the Junglefowls’ worst enemies, and the habit of selecting a type of roosting site which prevents surprise attack by climbing marauders has doubtless become fixed by natural selection. The same roost is commonly used for a considerable period of time. The cocks are very pugnacious during the breeding season, challenging each other both by crowing and by clapping the wings together over the back, from three to six claps. (The crow appears to be an assertion of territorial claims, whereas wing-clapping is a definite challenge to battle.) This smacking sound is easily imitated, and often leads to the cock’s undoing, as he may be lured by it within easy gunshot from a distance of a hundred yards or more. While approaching a “ challenger ”, however, he does not lose his native caution and, in my experience, he nearly always approaches from a different quarter than the expected one. Actual fights appear to be infrequent, but when they do take place they are fierce and bloody. I have occasionally met with a cock badly maimed and with its head covered with gore ; while very old cocks may show scars of battle in the shape of deeply slit comb and wattles. The spurs are fearsome weapons, ij inches long and very sharp. While sporadic breeding may go on for most of the year, the principal season is in the first half. In the wild state, I believe that monogamy prevails until incubation commences, and thereafter the cock departs to make fresh conquests ; he is certainly not averse from polygamy in captivity. His courting behaviour closely resembles that of a domestic cock, except that it is conducted in a much more ceremonious way. The display, which is repeated many times before coition, consists in running closely round the hen, extending the wing nearest to her to the ground and scraping its primaries with the foot. At the same time, the purple rump-patch is raised on the opposite side so as to make the most of its iridescent glories. Finally, the neck hackles are expanded into a ruff. The hen makes her nest— a mere scrape, with only such lining as falls into it from the surrounding dead leaves, etc. — on the ground in the shelter of a tree-trunk, rock, or fallen stump, concealed by herbage. Many nests, however (possibly the majority), are made above ground level, in such situations as the top of a dead stump, a heap of rubbish caught up in tangled creepers, or even in the deserted nest of some large bird. Two to four eggs comprise the normal clutch ; they are pale buff, more or less finely peppered with dark specks, and measure about 48 X 35 mm. The hen does not appear to announce the arrival of her eggs by cackling and in fact, all her actions in connection with her nursery are silent and furtive in the extreme. She approaches her nest with the utmost caution, sits very close, and leaves her eggs for the purposes of feeding, dusting, exercise, etc., only at intervals of 64 G. M. HENRY - THE CEYLON JUNGLEFOWL three or four days. She will suffer an enemy (human at any rate) to approach to within a couple of yards, the while she trusts to her perfectly camouflaged colour-scheme to avoid detection ; but when compelled to leave, she runs or flutters silently away without any of the fuss that a domestic hen would make. Subject to confirmation, I believe, and have some evidence from eggs hatched under domestic hens, that the incubation period is considerably shorter than that of domestic fowls’ eggs — no more than eighteen or nineteen days. The chicks are very precocious, learning to scratch for themselves almost as soon as they leave the nest. Their flight feathers grow rapidly, and within a week they can fly like a quail. At their mother’s alarm-squawk, hatchlings vanish instantly like coins from a juggler’s hand, diving under fallen leaves or under herbage in an amazing way. They are taken into trees for roosting when a few days old, and they remain under the mother’s care until they are well grown. The Ceylon Junglefowl in Captivity This bird was for long regarded as very difficult to keep alive and almost impossible to breed in captivity. Many attempts have been made in the past to obtain hybrids between it and the domestic fowl for the purpose of establishing whether or not such hybrids would prove to be fertile, and, if they were, whether this species might have had a part in the ancestry of any of the domestic breeds. These attempts appear to have all come to nought, mainly owing to the nervous and excitable nature of the bird. At a small zoo maintained in the grounds of the Colombo Museum, the key to keeping Junglefowl in health and breeding condition was found to lie in making their aviaries as much as possible a microcosm of their jungle home, and then leaving them to their own devices with an absolute minimum of human interference. With the greater part of the aviary planted with abundant shrubbery and grass-tussocks, and the floor (of natural earth) covered with a thick mulch of garden sweepings, the birds settled down quickly, tamed themselves, and lost their reluctance for human observation. Under these conditions they bred and multiplied at a great rate. Hybridization In 1941-43 I obtained several broods of hybrids between a Jungle- cock and a domestic hen of mongrel-type with traces of Malay game blood. She was a light-brown bird, quite evenly marked, and such pattern as she possessed conformed to that of the Gallus gallus type. She was put into the Junglefowls’ aviary with a full-plumaged cock who promptly courted her assiduously ; and after fertilization, she was removed to my home where she laid her eggs and incubated them. G. M. HENRY - THE CEYLON JUNGLEFOWL 65 The chicks, although slightly larger than pure-bred Junglefowl chicks, resembled them closely in colour and pattern, and some of the females among them, as they grew up, developed a colour scheme almost identical with that of the wild hen, but with coarser markings. Unfortunately, of the first brood raised, only one cock (