BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY; BEING ILLUSTRATIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE GENERA OF INSECTS FOUND IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND: CONTAINING COLOURED FIGURES FROM NATURE OF THE MOST RARE AND BEAUTIFUL SPECIES, ^ AND IN MANY INSTANCES OF THE PLANTS UPON WHICH THEY ARE FOUND. BY JOHN CURTIS, F.L^. HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ASHMOLEAN SOCIETY OF OXFORD, OF THE IMPERIAL AND ROYAL ACADEMY OF FLORENCE, OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, ETC. ■ *^ , o ,'• , ••. ... VOL. VI. "--/t , X f • " LEPIDOPTER A, Part IL & "-^ \ ^ / « :(( , LONDON: ^'^'i>,i^^j.^ PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR, AND SOLD BY E. ELLIS AND CO., 92 GREAT RUSSELL STREET, BLOOMSBURY ; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL, STATIONERS' COURT; AND J. B. BAILLIERE, 219 REGENT STREET. 1823—1840. PKINTED BY RTCHARD AND JOHN E. TAYLOR, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Order 9- LEPIDOPTERA. Vol. VI. riate. Fara. GEOMETRID.E. 507. Psodos equestrata .... 424 508. Nyssia zonaria 615 509. Alcis sericearia 113 ,C/"510. Cleora ciiictaria 821/ 511. Speranza sylvaria .... 225 512. Bupiilus favillacearius ... 33 513. Aspilates gilvaria .... 467 514. Hipparchus smaragdarius . . 300 515. Ennomos angularia . . . 667 516. Eubolia cervinaria .... 707 517. Zerynthia latentaria . . . 296 518. Venusia cambrica .... 759 519. Ephyra pictaria 447 Fam. PHALiENIDiE. '520. Charissa operaria .... 105 521. Boarmia tetragonaria . . . 280 522. Hybemaria defoliaria . . . 703 523. Pachycnemia hippocastanaria 611 524. Thera coniferata .... 519 525. Lobophora polycommata . . 81 526. Eupithecia linariata ... 64 527. Hyria auroraria 523 528. Venilia 4-maculata .... 647 529. Siona dealbata 691 530. Abraxas ulmata 515 531. Zerene plumbata .... 643 532. Electra albocrenata . . . 603 533. Larissa imbutata .... 324 534. Phibalapteryx virgata . . . 623 535. Melanippe Blomeri. . . .416 536. Acidalia degeneraria . . . 384 637. Macaria liturata 132 538. Ourapteryx sambucaria . . 508 Fam. FALCARID^. 539. Platypteryx falcataria . . . 555 Fara. TORTRICIDiE. 540. Halias Quercana . . . .575 541. Tortrix galiana 763 542. Amphisa Walkerana . . . 209 543. Pa3(lisca semifasciana . . . 571 544. Penthina Grevillana . . . 567 545. Spilonota raarmorana . . . 551 546. Zeiraphera hastiana . . . 711 547. Anchylopera ustomaculana . 376 548. Philalcea Juliana .... 583 649. Carpocapsa Leplastriana . . 352 650. Bactra pauperana .... 599 551. Cncphasia bellana .... 100 552. Orthota;nia turionella . . . 364 553. Cochylis rupicola . . . .491 554. Teras excavana 699 555. Leptogramma irrorana . . 440 556. Peronea riificostana ... 16 557. Sarrothripus ramosanus . . 29 558. Nola monachalis .... 428 559. Simaetliis Myllerana . . .320 | Flats. Fam. CRAMBIDiE. j 560. Pyrausta ciiigulalis . . . . 128 561. Hydrocarapa stratiotata . . 495 562. Scopula longipedalis . . . 312 563. Odontia dentalis . . . . 563 ram. PYRALlDyli. 564. 527 565. Hypena crassaUs . . . . 288 Fam. CRAMBIDjE. 566. Asopia pictalis .... . 503 567. Aglossa Streatfieldii . . . 455 568. GaUeria mellonella . . . . 587 569. Meliana flammea . . . . 201 570. Chilo laiiceolellus . . . . 727 571. Harpipteryx scabrella . . . 535 572. Nascia ciliaUs .... . 559 573. Crambus radiellus . . . . 109 574. Phycita pinguis .... . 233 575. Eudorea murana . . . . 170 ram. ilJNiilUii!;. 576. Diurnea novembris . . . . 743 577. Coclileophasia tessellea . . 487 578. Adela Frischella .... . 463 579. Qilcophora sulphurella . . . 408 580. Aplota Robertsonella . . . 655 581. Depressaria Bluntii . . . 221 582. Anacampsis longicornis . . 189 583. Laverna ochraceella . . . 735 584. Chelaria rhomboidella. . . 368 585. Cleodora cytisella . . . . 671 586. Batia lunaris . 543 587. Porrectaria albicosta . . . 687 588. DamopbDa trifolii . . . . 391 589. Pancalia Woodiella . . . . 304 590. Glyphipteryx Linneella . . 152 591. Argyromiges autumnella . . 284 592. Ederesa semitestacella. . . 719 593. Yponomeuta ecMella . . . 412 pusiella . . . ib. 594. Cerostoma annnlatella . . . 420 595. Acrolepia betulella . . . . 679 596. Euplocamus mediellus . . . 591 597. Tinea corticella .... . 511 598. Lepidocera Birdella . . . 344 599. Incurvaria masculella . . . 007 600. Lampronia luzella . . 639 601. Eriocephala calthella . . . 751 602. Gracillaria anastomosis ■ 479 603. Chrysocorys scissella . . • 663 Fam. PTEROPHORIDyE. 604. Adactylus Bcnnetii . . . . 471 605. Pterophorus spilodactylus. . 161 Fam. ALUCITID^. 606. Alucita hexadactyla. . . . 695 VOL. VI. ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF LEPIDOPTERA. Vol. VI. Plate. Abraxas ulmata 515 Acidalia degeneraria 384 Acrolepia betulella 679 Adactylus Bennetii 471 Adela Frischella 463 Aglossa Streatfieldii 455 Alcis sericearia 113 Alucita liexadactyla 695 Ampliisa Walkerana 209 Anacampsis longicornis . . . .189 Ancliylopera ustomaculana . . . 376 Aplota Robertsonella .... 655 Argyromiges autumnella .... 284 Asopia pictalis 503 Aspilates gilvaria 467 Bactra pauperana 599 Batia lunaris 543 Boarmia tetragonaria 280 Bupalus favillacearius .... 33 Carpocapsa Leplastriana .... 352 Cerostoma annulatella .... 420 Charissa operaria 105 Chelaria rhomboideUa .... 368 Chilo lanceolellus 727 Chrysocorys scissella 663 Cleodora cytisella 671 Cleora cinctaria 88 Cnephasia bellana 100 Cochleophasia tessellea .... 487 Cochylis rupicola 491 Crambus radiellus 109 Damophila trifolii 391 Depressaria Bluntii 221 Diurnea novembris 743 Ederesa semitestacella .... 719 Electra albocrenata 603 Ennomos angularia 667 Ephyra pictaria 447 Eriocepbala caltheUa 751 Eubolia cervinaria 707 Eudorea murana 170 Eupithecia linariata 64 Euplocamus medieUus .... 591 Galleria mellonella 587 Glyphipteryx Linneella . . . .152 Gracillaria anastomosis . . . .479 Halias quercana 575 Harpipteryx scabrella .... 535 Hipparchus smaragdarius . . . 300 Hybernia defoliaria 703 Hydrocampa stratiotata .... 495 Plate. Hypena crassalis 288 Ilyria auroraria 523 Iricurvaria masculella 607 Lampronia hizella 639 Larissa imbutata 324 Lavcrna ochraceella 735 Lepidocera Birdella 344 Leptogramma irrorana .... 440 Lobopbora polycominata ... 81 Macaria Uturata 132 Melanippe Blomeri 416 MeUana flammea 201 Nascia cilialis 559 Nola monachalis 428 Nyssia zonaria 615 Odontia dentalis 563 fficopbora sulphurella .... 408 Orthotaenia turionella 364 Ourapteryx sambucaria .... 508 Pacbycnemia hippocastauaria . .611 Pajdisca semifasciana 571 Pancalia Woodiella 304 Penthina Grevillana 567 Peronea ruficostana 16 Phibalapteryx virgata .... 623 Pliilalcea Juliana 583 Pliytita pinguis 233 Platypteryx falcataria .... 555 Porrectaria albicosta 687 Psodos equestrata 424 Pteropborus spUodactylus . . .161 Pyralis cribrabs 527 Pyrausta cingulalis 128 Sarrothripus ramosanus .... 29 Scopula lougipedalis 312 Simaiitliis Myllerana 320 Siona dealbata 691 . Speranza sylvaria 225 Spilonota marmorana .... 551 Teras excavana 699 Tbera coniferata 519 Tinea corticella 511 Tortrix gabaua 763 Venilia 4-inaciilata 647 Venusia cambrica 759 Yponomeuta ecbiella 412 i pusiella ib. Zeiraphera bastiana 711 Zerene plumbata 643 Zerynthia latentaria 296 ERRATA. Fqlio. Line. 29 for Ramosana, degenerana, &c. rea«ZRamosanus,degeneranus , &c. SS*" 7 for Gamlung read Samlung. 14 for Beegiarius read Belgiarius. 88'' Geometra tceneraria, lliib. : belongs to tbis genus. 140" 23 after unca add Hub., Haw.— uncana. 161 23 /or Coccae rearf Coxae. Folio. Line. 312 4 for nebulalis Hub. read nebu- lalis Haiv., which is the pru- naUs of tlie JJ'ien. Verz. 344'' add, at the bottom of the page, The Plant is Verbascum Thap- sus (Great Mullein). 424 4 for Irish read Highland. 559 9 after external add maxillar>'. 659 37 for 14 read 12. II 4^^ 424. PSODOS EQUESTRATA. The gold four-spot Moth. Order Lepidoptera. T^am. Phalasnidae. Type of the Genus, Phalsena equestrata Fab. PsoDOS Treit., Goda, Curt. — Psycophora Kirbtj, Curt. — Geometra jjiih, — PhalcEna Fab., Haw. Jnteivice alike in both sexes, rather short and setaceous, inserted near to the eyes on the crown of the head, composed of nume- rous oblong joints, thickly clothed with short hairs and scales (I). MaxillcE slender and spiral, not so long as the antenna (3). Labial Palpi rather small, porrected obliquely beyond the head, parallel, very hairy (4), triarticulate, basal joint slightly curved, a little the longest and stoutest, 2nd nearly as long but thinner, 3rd minute (4 a). Head small and very hairy. Eyes small and oval. Thorax hairy. Ab- domen short and slender, obtuse in the male, conical in the female. Wmgs forming a triangle when at rest? rounded and entire, superior rather small; cilia even. Legs; hinder pair the longest. Tibise; anterior short, viith an internal spine, the others spurred at the apex, the posterior with a pair of spurs also below the middle. Tarsi 5- jointed, basal joint the longest. Claws arid Pulvilli minute (8t> hind leg of male). Caterpillars unknown, probably loopers with 1 0 feet. Equestrata Fab. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 888. 1. — alpinata Hiib. Brown-black, alike on both sides ; with a large elongated irre- gular oval orange spot towards the posterior margin of each wing. In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale and the Author. The genus Psodos bears so great a resemblance to Brepha (pi. 1 21.) in form, structure, and the hairy scales with which it is clothed, that it forms a beautiful passage from the Noctuidae to the Phala2nidsc, and, on the other hand, Mr. Kirby's genus Psycophora with its antenn£E pectinated at the base in the males, will probably connect Psodos with Biston. Psodos like Brepha flies by day, and as the larvaj are unknown, it is impos- sible to say if any affinity exists between them in that state. The five continental species of Psodos are all inhabitants of elevated regions ; two only of these have been discovered in these kingdoms, and they are amongst the rarest of our Lepi- doptera. Duponchel says, there is reason to believe that the caterpillar of P. equestrata lives upon the Rhododendron hir- sutunif which is not a native of our islands ; it must therefore feed on more than one plant; and it might be worth while to search those Irish mountains on which the Azalea proambens grows, as it is the |plant I should think the nearest allied to Rhododendron of any that are indigenous. 1. P. equestrata Fab. — Curt. Brit. Ent.pl. ^2^!. The two specimens I possess of this very rare and hand- some moth were taken many years since by Mr. Plastead near Holwood or Holywell, by Bromley in Kent; and Mr. Dale has another, which he obtained from the cabinet of the late Dr. Abbot. It is vei-y common on the Alps of Dauphiny in July and August. 2. P. trepidaria Hub. Geo. pi, 66. f. 343. ? . — Goda, v. 8. pars 1. pi. 208. 1. Blackish-brown, sprinkled with gray, superior wings with a dark oblique fascia across the middle, the edges crenated or sinuated, having a black dot towards the costa, and an obscure sinuated pale striga near the posterior margin : inferior wings with the base dark, terminating in a crenated margin across the middle, with a black dot towards the superior margin, and a sinuated pale striga towards the posterior ; cilia gray- ish black. Dr. Hooker first discovered this moth "on the very summit of Schecallion, one of the Breadalbane mountains, and 2564? feet above the level of the sea. At the time I took it (he adds) the north and east sides of the neighbouring mountains, of nothing like that elevation, were covered with snow : this was on the 30th of June. Scarcely any other plant could vege- tate but Trichostomum lanuginosum and a few yiatches of the fine Splachnum fastigiatum. The moth was rapid on wing, tole- ral)ly plentiful, and rendered doubly difficult to take from the huge masses of naked rock with which the summit of Sche- callion is covered, which rendered running dangerous, and often impracticable." In our ramble through Scotland in 1825, Mr. Dale and myself ascended Schecallion on the 11th July, in the hope of finding this rare moth ; and my friend was so fortunate as to capture a beautiful specimen which flew out from a crevice of the rocks, that are so wildly piled together near the summit; but we could not find another. In France it appears the end of July or beginning of August. The Plant is Linum catharlicum (Purging Flax). 615. NYSSIA ZONARIA. The belted Beauty. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Geometridag. Type of the Genus, Geometra zonaria Wien., Verz. Nyssia Goda, Curt. — Phigalia Goda. — Amphidasis OcA.— Geometra Linn., Haw. — Phalsena Fah. Antennce short, inserted near to the eyes on the crown of the head, filiform, scaly, bipectinated in the male, the rays ciliated, short at the base and apex {\ S) > simple in the female, with a few scattered hairs amongst the scales ( ? ) . MaxillcE none. Labial palpi small, rather drooping and densely clothed with long hairs (4) ; triarticulate (a), basal joint the longest and stoutest, 2nd oblong, 3rd minute, clothed with short scales and concealed by very long hairs. Head small and very much concealed under the thorax (7 the profile) ; eyes small and globose but not prominent. Thorax globose and woolly : Abdomen short stout and attenuated. Wings, superior sub- lanceolate ^ inferior rather small subovate . Legs very much alike in size : thighs very woolly : tibiae, anterior with a long slender inter- nal spine (8), the others with short spurs only at the apex (f),- tarsi long and 5-jointed : claws and pulvilli small. Female with 4 small, spatulate hairy wings. Larvae loopers, naked, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Pupae naked, subterranean. Hiib. Zonaria Wien., Verz. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 890. 3. Male white vnth a yellowish tinge ; rays of antennae blackish ; thorax with 3 broad black stripes : abdomen black clothed with ochreous hairs towards the apex, margins of the segments fer- ruginous : wings with the nervures black, superior with a black lunule on the disc, beyond which the wing is black, with 2 ob- lique white slightly waved lines, the 1st being the broadest; inferior with a broad blackish fimbria, bearing a broad whitish stripe and a narrow line, sometimes composed of dots, near to the margin ; cUia blackish : legs black spotted with white. Female deep black, clothed with whitish woolly hairs, especially beneath, antennas speckled with white, margins of abdominal segments ochreous, tips of thighs, tibiae and joints of tarsi wliite. In the Author's and other Cabinets. Nyssia lias been separated from Biston by M. Duponchel in consecjuence of the females being nearly apterous, and the caterpillars varyu)g in their form. He has also formed a ge- nus of one of our species from the more ample wings and smaller abdomen of the male ; it is named PniGAlilA. 1. pilosaria Hub. pi. S'^.f. 176. — Wood 18. 465. — plumariaZ^sp. — pedaria Fab. Branches of the antennae long and fine in the male ; dull white, head, thorax and abdomen cinereous; wings very ample, freckled with brown, superior with 4 sinuated va- riegated strigae ; inferior with 2 and much paler : 1 and f inch to 1 inch 1 1 lines expanse. End of March, trunks of trees and paling near London, Cheshire and Salop. The larva feeds on the oak, birch, black- and white-thorns, and the elm. Nyssia. 2. hispidaria Fab. — Wood 18. 466. — Ursularia Do7i. 13. 447. Antennae ochreous, head thorax and abdomen brown ; su- perior wings paler, freckled, with a curved striga near the base, another bicurved beyond the middle, with a spot or indistinct striga between them, and a stronger denticulated one near the cilia, which are spotted ; inferior wings pale, with an obscure striga: expanse 15 lines. End of February, trunks of oaks and sallows ; 28th January Mr. Raddon ; 10th March bred by Mr. Cocks of High Bick- ington ; end of September Weston on the Green, Mr. Mat- thews; also at Birch and Coomb Woods and Richmond Park. The N. Tauaria Newm. Ent. Mag. seems to be merely a variety ; it was taken in June at Leominster, 3. zonaria W. V. — Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 615 ^.Sr ? • This beautiful addition to our Lepidoptera was first disco- vered near the Black-rock, on the Cheshire side of the river Mersey, in April 1829, by a friend of Mr. S. Carter, to whom I am indebted for my specimens ; and he informs me that in February 1832 a male was taken near Warrington, that last March he found many pairs on the sands and resting on the grass near the Black-rock. It is recorded also in the Ent. Mag. that Mr. N. Cook took a male on rushes about half a mile below the Black- rock, near Liverpool, in September 1832, and several of both sexes the middle of the same month in the following year: in February 1833 Mr. B. Cooke bred a fe- male, and about the same time a considerable number of the moths were found; and during the same month in 1834 they were so abundant that he could scarcely walk without tread- ing on them. The caterpillar lives principally upon the Achillea Millefo- lium (pi. 19.), Salvia pratensis, and Cc7itaurca jacca, and I hope that the figure of it from Hiibner may lead to its disco- very in this country. The Plant is Veronica hcderijhlia, Ivy-leaved Speedwell. 113. ALCIS SERICEARIA. The Satin Beauty. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae Lat., Leach. Type of the Genus Phalaena repandata Linn. Alois Nobis. Phalaena Linn., Fab. Geometra Haw.. Hub. Heme- rophila Steph. AiitenniE inserted between the eyes, filiform, bipectinated in the males, simple towards the apex ; branches ciliated, arising near the centre of the joint (I) : simple, hairy beneath, with a bristle arising from each joint in the females (la). Labriim and Mandibles larger than usual (2). Maxilla long slender, furnished with distinct tentacula towards the apex (3). Labial palpi porrected, visible viewed from above, not hairy, thickly covered with broad scales very much lengthened beneath, terminal joint not quite concealed (4), 3-jointed, basal joint long, recurved, 2nd nearly as long, 3rd ovate, very minute (4 a). Males smaller than the females. Eyes rather large, parallel m front (7). Wings ample, extended horizontally, superior trigonate, infe- rior slightly indented. Abdomen long, linear, somewhat truncated in the males, shorter and conical in the females. Legs rather long and slender. Anterior tibia short, with a long spine on the internal edge. Posterior very long, robust, hollow, furnished with 2 pair of spurs, a longitudinal suture and a tuft of long silky hair arising at the base, and concealed in the tibia when at rest (Sf). Tarsi 5- jointed, posterior short. Caterpillars loopers with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Sericeabia Nobis. Silky brown, speckled irregularly with ochre. Rachis of antennae pale, rays fuscous. Palpi and head brown; neck, base of an- tennae, and a space above the eyes ochre 3 sides of thorax pale. Abdomen somewhat black, minutely speckled with ochre, the margins of the segments and the apex of the same colour. Su- perior wings the darkest, a space at the base very dark, a trans- verse spot near the middle black, an indented transverse line beyond the spot and an obscure interrupted waved line near the posterior margin : nervures dark. Inferior wings fuscous at their base, a transverse obscure spot towards the centre, beyond which is a waved transverse line, dark on the internal, light on the ex- ternal edge, limb speckled with longish ochraceous spots. Cilia somewhat striped with ochre, margins of wings with G or 7 irre- gular black spots on each. Var. /3. Very pale testaceous, clouded with ochre instead of brown. In the Cabinets of Mr. Stone and the Author. Alcis may be distinguished from Bupalus, by the males being invariably smaller than the females ; the eyes are larger and not so distant in front, the palpi are more porrected, shorter, and not hairy, the maxillae are very long, the antennae are not pectinated to the apex : the singular character of the hind legs, which I believe has never before been noticed, is very difficult to detect, except by dissection ; the 8th and 9th species do not possess it, and possibly some of the others, of which I either had not males, or they were too valuable to be examined. Many of the Lepidoptera have their legs, especially the pos- terior, furnished with brushes of hair, most probably to balance them in their flight ; but none are more curious than those of the males of Alcis ; the posterior tibise are very long and ro- bust, and on the internal side may be traced a longitudinal suture extending the whole length, which from the tibia being hollow can no doubt be opened and the long brush of silky hair may be exserted at the pleasure of the insect. The fol- lowing are our British species. 1. Alcis Roboraria Fab., Don. v. 15. pi. 527. 2. sericearia Nob. 3. consortaria Fab., Don. 10. 333. 2. 4. conversaria Hub., Don, 15. 514. 5. destrigaria Haw. 276. 11. 6. repandaria Linn., Don. 10. 333. 1. 7. muraria Nob. 8. rhomboidaria Hub. 9. Australaria Nob. 10. consobrinaria Haw. 1 1 . fimbriaria Hub. ? Several females and one male of the nondescript figured were taken last July near Lyndhurst in the New Forest, and are now in the cabinet of Mr. Stone, to whom I am indebted for the species as well as for the loan of the beautiful male repre- sented in the plate. It is probably an oak-feeder, one of the females having been found upon the trunk of that tree, and the other specimens having been beat out of the branches. A. muraria is a new species that I found upon walls in the Isle of Arran ; it is nearest allied to A. repandaria ; it is how- ever smaller, of an uniform gray, more speckled, and the markings are more obscure. A. Australaria is an insect from the western counties, re- sembling A. rhomboidaria, but having a deep ochraceous tinge with powerful markings : for the specimen in my cabinet I am indebted to Charles Lyell, Esq., who took it in the New Forest, Hampshire. Epilobium tctragonuni (Square-stalked Willow-herb) is the plant represented in the plate. as 88. CLEORA CINCTARIA. Order Lepicloptera. Fam. Phalaenidse Lat., Leach. Type of the Genus Phalaena cinctaria Hub. Cleora Nob. Phulsena Linn., Fab., Lat., Leach. Georaetra Hub., Haw. AntenncE inserted close to the eyes near the crown of the head^ setaceous long and slender, covered with long scales above, hairy beneath, eacli joint having a few larger bristles upon its anterior margin (f. 2, 3 joints magnified). MaxilUB slender, not so long as the antennsB (3). Labial palpi 2, projecting obliquely a little beyond the head, ob- tuse, thickly covered with short broad scales which extend con- siderably beyond the terminal joint (4), 3-jointed, 1st joint curved upward from the base, 2nd filiform somewhat ti'uncated, 3rd small oval (4 a). Wings extended horizontally, undivided, slightly indented. Abdomen robust and conical in the females. Legs rather robust. Anterior tibiae longer than the basal joint of the tarsus, with a short com- pressed spine on the internal edge, concealed by long scales, 2nd pair terminated by 2 spurs, the hinder pair having 4 spurs, 2 of which are at the apex. Claws distinct, bent, Pulvilli distinct (8 a fore leg) . Caterpillars loopers with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal, and 2 anal feet. Cinctaria flwiner's Lep. Geom. 1. Amplissimce F, Pl.Sl.f. 166. fern. Whitish, variegated and minutely spotted with brown. Clypeus with a black line above the palpi. Abdomen with a white narrow band at the base and a dark one following it, with a double row of black spots down the back. Superior wings variegated with ochraceous, especially towards the base and posterior margin where they are darkest, 2 transverse black curved lines near the base and another crenated one beyond an oval ocellus in the centre, with a pale sinuated one near to and parallel with the margin. Inferior wings paler, with an ocellus in the centre, a transverse sinuated stripe internally black, externally white, a shorter one near the base, and one entirely pale near the margin. Posterior margins of wings indented, with a black line-. Cilia al- ternately fuscous and ochraceous. Var. a. darker with a black line across the anterior part of the thorax, which is ferruginous on the sides. Abdomen wanting the transverse black fascia. In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale and the Author. The great mass of insects which has hitherto been compre- hended under the appellations Phalccna and Geovietra, renders it necessary that tlie groups should be separated and formed into new genera : this, however, is a difficult task, and the la- bourer in the field of science must be contented in the first instance to give a general outline ; the minutiaj required to establish satisfactory characters can only be obtained by ex- tensive and repeated investigation. With such manifest ob- stacles in an Order, the classification of which has been so much neglected, it becomes an arduous undertaking: it is therefore with considerable hesitation that the subject of the present article has been constituted into the type of a new genus ; and had it not been perfectly new to this country, it would not at present have been laid befoi'e our readers. After examining 7 specimens, 3 of which were British, I could discover no difference in the structure of the antennae, which from their simple form indicate the female sex, although the abdomens of the paler specimens, being slightly contracted towards the base, at first led me to believe that these speci- mens were males : if such be the case, the variety described is a female. I am, however, inclined to think that the males have not been detected at present, and that they will be found to possess ciliated, not pectinated, antennae; in which case they will associate with the following species. 1. Geometra tetragonaria Haw. MSS. 2. abietaria Hub. 3. crepuscularia Hub. 4. consonaria Hub. 5. punctularia Hub. 6. extersaria Hub. For the introduction of this rare species into our Fauna we are indebted to J. C. Dale, Esq., who first took it on the trunk of an Oak near Brockenhurst, Hants, June 2nd, 1823; a 2nd specimen upon the trunk of a Scotch Fir, Parley Heath, May llt^i, 1824; and a 3rd near Lyndhurst, May 31st, 1824. It has this year again appeared in the New Forest, where I am informed 2 specimens were captured. The plant figured is Hedjjsarum Onoh-ychis (Cock's Head, or Sainfoin). 225' 225. SPERANZA SYLVARIA. The Rannoch Geomctra. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaanidae Lat.^ Leach, Type of the Genus Speranza sylvaria Nob. Speranza Nob. Phalaena Fab. Geometra Hub., Haw. AntenncB inserted on the crown of the head close to the eyeSj se- taceous, composed of numerous oblong joints the basal one large globose 5 each producing 2 ciliated branches in the males (1), — excepting at the apex (lb), and they are much shorter towards the base 3 simple in the females and ciliated beneath (2). MaxillcB spiral and slender, nearly as long as the antennae, with a few tentacula at the apex (3) . Labial palpi porrected nearly horizontally, thickly clothed with scales, the apical joint distinct (4) ; triarticulate, basal and 2nd joints of equal length, the former slightly curved, 3rd minute (4 a) . Head small. Abdomen slender, linear in the male, somewhat conical in the female. Wings, superior of the male with a small protuberance on the upper side, near the base, which is hollow and naked beneath (9 a) . Legs long ; thighs very long. Tibiae, anterior with a spine on the internal side (8), the others with a pair of spurs at the apex, the posterior producing a pair above the apex. Tarsi very long and slender, 5 -jointed. Claws and pulvilli minute. Caterpillars loopers, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal, and 2 anal feet? Sylvaria Nobis. Male, fulvous orange. Superior wings lurid, the costa spotted with orange ; 4 darker sinuated strigas across each wing, the 2nd from the base being nearly straight, and a small dark spot in the middle ; inferior wings obscurely and minutely speckled with fuscous, having 2 obscure curved lines and a dull spot between them. Cilia pale fuscous. Beneath orange, speckled with a deeper colour. Female dull orange, freckled with brown, the strigae broader and more distinct than in the male, the spot in the upper wings more obscure. Beneath pale orange, the strigae and spots ferruginous. In the Cabinets of Mr, Dale and the Author, It will be only necessary to state that the genus Fidonia of Ochsenheimer contains PhalcEna heparata, Geometra auro- raria, limbaria, Piniaria, atomaria, dej'oliaria, &c., to show- how difficult it is to determine, especially without the cha- racters, which is to be considered the type in such a hete- rogeneous mass ; this will be a sufficient reason for my con- stituting a distinct genus of the two insects hereafter recorded, which are remarkably characterized by the protuberance at the base of the upper wings of the males, which is visible to the naked eye. From Alcis our genus may be distinguished by the equal size of the two sexes and the simple hinder tibiae, and from Bupalus and Fidonia by the want of pectinations towards the apex of the male antennae. I can find only two species that will associate with the genus. 1. S. sylvaria Nob. This insect was unknown to Entomologists (unless the G. Pinetaria of Hiibner be the female) until Mr. Dale and myself had the good fortune to discover it in Scotland. We saw the males flying in some abundance on the 14th July in the heat of the day, over the high heath which covers the hil- locks amongst the pine-trees in Black-wood, near the shores of Loch Rannoch : the only female taken I brushed out of the heath at the same time. 2. S. limbaria Fab., Syst. Ent. 624. 24. — Ent. Syst. 3. paj-s 2. 141. ^6.—Ha'w. 286. 40. — Harris, Expo. pi. 5.f. 4. — conspicuaria Huh. pi. 22. 117. 118. There are certainly two broods of this moth in a year, as I have taken specimens in Birch-wood the beginning of May and the end of July, and it is found as late as August. It is attached to broom-fields, and like S. sylvaria, flies during the day ; and the female is the rarer sex. The plant is Melampyrum pratense (Meadow Cow- wheat), which 1 believe was in flower in Black-wood at the time. i I 33. BUPALUS FAVILLACEARIUS. The grey Scollop. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae Lat.^ Leach. Type of the Genus B. favillaceaiius. BuPALus Leach. Phalaena Linn., Fab., Lat. Geometra Hub., Haw. AntenmE setaceous, bipectinated in the males (l.)j the branches ciliated (1. a.), slightly serrated in the females. (2. a portion of the antenna magnified.) Maxillce short, rather broad and flat. (3.) Labial palpi 2, covered with scales, slightly hirsute (4.), shorter than the head, scarcely projecting beyond the eyes viewed in pro- file (7. a.), 3-jointed ; first joint long, curved upwards 5 third joint very small, nearly globose. (4. a.) Wings very much dejlexed when at rest, not angulated or indented. Body slender. Anterior legs with a spine on the internal side of the tibia arising near the base and extending to the first joint of the tarsus (8.),- the middle andposterior legs with spurs at the apex of the tibia, the latter with spurs also in the middle. Caterpillars loopers, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal, and 2 anal feet. Favillackarius (male) Hub. Schmet. Geo.pl. 26. f. 139. Haw. Lep. Brit. p. 278. n. 19. Male hoary white, slightly tinged with ochraceous, covered with irregular minute spots ; superior wings with a black transverse indented striga near the base, another dentated internally at the nervures, nearly parallel with the posterior margin, with two large dark spots on its external side, a long black spot near the disk, and a line of small black spots along the base of the cilia ; inferior wings with a dentated waved dark line nearly parallel with the margin and a dark spot towards the centre ; cilia yel- lowish brown. Eyes, antennae and legs nearly black. Female smaller, the superior wings more brown, the inferior blackish. In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale and the Author. Dk. Leach, in establishing the Genus Bupalus, has given Phaleena piniaria Linn, as an example, to which may be added Geometra ericetaria Vill., and probably G.fuliginaria&nd atO' maria Linn. ^ The beautiful species figured in illustration of the Genus was first noticed, I believe, by Harris in his Aurelian as an in- habitant of this island ; it was afterwards taken by Mr. Ha- worth in Yorkshire, since which Mr. Dale has met with it in Hampshire ; and during a late visit to that county he was so obliging as to point out the locality to me. The figure in Der Gamlung Europaischer ScKmetterlinge of Hubner [Geometra, pi. ^Q.f. 140.) represents G. Belgiaria, which so much resembles the female oi B.favillacearius, except in its pectinated antennae, that until this year an opinion was entertained that we possessed both species : as however we found the sexes upon the same ground, and out of a conside- rable number of both, the males were all B.Jhvillacearius and the females B. Beegiarius, there can no longer be a doubt of their being the sexes of the same species ; and if it were not for the masculine antennae of Hubner's figure, I should be disposed to consider it, as the female of his B. favillacearius it may possibly be a strong variety of the male partaking of the colouring of the female, or the antennae may have been erroneously figured : if it be otherwise, we do not at present possess the species. Both sexes of B. favillacearius are found from the middle of May to the middle of July resting upon the ground (with the inferior wings completely concealed by the superior ones) : where turf has been pared off upon heaths, especially where it is rather moist, it is easily detected, fi-om the earth (a black peat) being so opposite in colour ; and it is perhaps the most easy of all insects to capture, as nothing apparently will induce it to fly during the day : late in the evening we took specimens of the male near Lyndhurst flying very sluggishly. The plant figured, Tormentilla erecta (common or officinal Tormentil), was growing upon the heaths where the moths were taken. 1 I I I 467 467. ASPILATES GILVARIA. The Straw or Dover Belle. Order Lepuloptera. Fam. Phalaenidaa. Tfpe of the Genus, Phalsena purpuraria Linn. AspiLATES Treit., Goda.,Curt. — Cabera Och. — Geometra Hmv. — Phalsena Linn. Antenna inserted on the crown of the head close to the eyes, setaceous, clothed with scales, bipectinated in the males nearly to the apex, each joint producing 2 ciliated branches (1 (J) : simple in the females, the scales giving them a serrated ap- pearance beneath (19). Maxilla spiral, slender and not half so long as the antennae (3). Labial Palpi porrected nearly horizontally and clothed with short scales (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint the stoutest and • curved, 2nd the longest, slender and nearly linear, 3rd small elongate-ovate (4 a). Males generally larger than the females. Head short and rounded. Thorax globose and clothed with depressed hairy scales. Abdomen long, slender and slightly tufted in the male, stouter and conical at the apex in the female. Wings forming a triangle when at rest, entire ; superior elongate-trigonate, less pointed in the male than female ; inferior trigonate-orbicular, narrower in the female and less rounded. Legs long and slender. Tibiae, anterior the shortest, with a very long slender spine on the inside, intermediate spurred at the apex, posterior very long with a pair of short spurs at the apex, and an unequal and longer pair below the middle (8 f) . Tarsi long and 5 -jointed. Claws and Pulvilli minute. Obs. A. gilvaria was the species dissected. Caterpillar naked, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet, the apex apparently forked. Pupa enclosed in a loose web upon the earth. Gilvaria Hub. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 895. 3. Pale ochre or straw colour ; rays of the antennae and eyes black : abdomen whitish ochre : superior wings freckled with brovra, having a dot towards the disc and an oblique bar extending from the interior margin to the apex, of the same colour ; infe- rior wings whitish ochre, with a spot and a transverse line more or less apparent ; the cilia ochreous. Underside with the brown spots and stripes more apparent, but the superior are not freckled and there is a dusky patch at the l)ase of the costa ; the infe- rior wings are strongly freckled : inside of legs dusky. In the Author's and other Cabinets. I HAVE repeatedly expressed an opinion that the genera in Le- pidoptera are so perfectly artificial, that Entomologists will never probably agree in the extent and formation of them. The present genus does not appear to me to be sufficiently distinct from Bupalus on the one hand, nor from Cabera on the other, to warrant their being separated ; I shall therefore add the species belonging to the latter group. The males fly during the day and are much more abundant in some of the species than the other sex. 1. A. purpurariai. — Hiib. Geo.pl. 3S.f. 198 & 199. — Goda. pi. 179./. 1. 2. & 3. The Caterpillar feeds on the Polygonum avicidare (pi. 5). Specimens of the Moth are. in Mr. Swainson's Cabinet, but I do not know where they were captured ; I found it not uncom- mon in France near Montpellier, the middle of June. 2. A. citraria Hiib. pi. 4.6. /. 212. & pi. 103. /. 536 & 537.— Goda.pl. 178./ 4 & 5. June, July and August, flying in clover fields at the back of the Isle of Wight, and amongst the Eryngium viaritimum (pi. 53), beyond the Castle, Portsmouth ; Studland heath, near the Agglestone, Isle of Purbeck, and Lulworth Cove, Mr. Dale. 3. A. gilvaria Hiib. — Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 467 & ? . From the middle of July to the end of August, behind the Castle at Dover in abundance. The larva which is copied from Hiibner, feeds on the Achillea millefolium (pi. 19). 4. A. plumbaria F. — Goda. pi. 181. 1. — palumbaria Hiib. 42. 221. End of May and June, on heaths and grassy places in woods everywhere ; a fine variety near Edinburgh, Mr. Dale. Al- though this forms part of the genus Phasiane of Godart, I think it would arrange better with Gen. 907 of my Guide,- the Eubolia of the same Author. 5. A. respersaria 23. 125. — strigillai'ia Esp. — Hiib. 104. 540 & 541. var. — Goda.pl. 171. 1. — ingequaria Hanxi. 288. 44. var. June and beginning of July, Kent, open parts in Coombe Wood, the New Forest, Parley Heath, and Glanville's Woot- ton, Mr. Dale. Gen. 896. Cabera Treit. 1. C. exanthemaria — Goda.pl. 171. 3. — striaria T/wi. 17. 88. — arenosaria Haisj. 289. 48. ua?-.— approximaria Haii). 289. 49. mr. May to the end of June, in moist woods. 2. C. pusaria L.—Hilb. 17. SI.— Goda. 171. 2. Middle of May, hedges : the larva, which is different to that of the former species, feeds upon Birch, Sallow, Beech, and particularly Alder. 3. C. rotundaria Haw. Lep. Brit. p. 289. 50. May, moist woods. The Plant is Poa bulbosa (Bulbous Meadow-grass), commu- nicated by C. J. Paget, Esq., from Yarmouth Denes, Norfolk. 1 300 300. HIPPARCHUS SMARAGDARIUS: The Essex Emerald. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae Lat., Leach. Type of the Genus, Phalsena Papilionaria Linn. HippARCHUs Lea., Sam. — Hemithea Goda. — Geometra Hub., Haw., Treit. — Phalsena Linn. Fab. AntenncE inserted on the crown of the head, setaceous, pecti- nated in the males almost to the apex, each joint being covered with scales above and producing on each side a clavate ciliated branch (1). ^ Maxilla spiral, much shorter than the antennse, rather robust and only slightly ciliated at the apex (3) . Labial Palpi porrected nearly horizontally, covered with scales, hairy above and below, the terminal joint appearing naked and distinct (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint short, 2nd long and slightly attenuated, 3rd short spear-shaped (4a), the edges being rigid and compressed, and the apex acute in the male, but not in the female. Head broad, clothed with hairy scales on the crown, with imbricated ones in front. Eyes subovate. Thorax and body often robust, the latter sublinear in the males, ovate-conic in the females. Wings ex- tended obliquely when at rest, the superior covering the inferior, the latter sometimes slightly angulated. Legs long, hinder pair the shortest. Tibiae ; anterior short, producing a dilated spine on the internal side, the others spurred, posterior robust with two pair of spurs, most developed in the females, the lower ones being the longest. Tarsi 5-joinled, basal joint very long in the 4 anterior, the posterior much shorter. Claws and pulvilli distinct (8f hind leg of male). Caterpillars loopers with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Smabagdarius Fab. Ent. Syst. v. 3. pars 2. p. Ibl.n. 81. Female. Green : Antennse whitish, underside and palpi ochreous ; eyes blackish. Thorax with the anterior scales margined with ochre ; superior wings with the costa of the same colour, 2 si- nuated pale ochreous strigse, one before, the other beyond the middle, between which is a whitish spot. Abdomen, upper por- tion of the inferior wings and the extremity of the cilia whitish. Legs yellowish white, thighs green, anterior tibise subferruginous on the inside. Underside with the outer striga continued round the inferior wings, in the disc of which is a whitish spot as in the superior wings. In the Cabinet of Mr. C. Parsons. Dk. Leach having characterized this genus several years since, his name has been adopted, I liave excluded two species of Treitschke's group, in consequence of the antennae being simple in both sexes; one, P. T/iymiaria, has been already attached to my genus Macaria ; and the other, P. viri- data. Linn, probably belongs to the same group. The following are British insects. 1. H. putatarius Linn. Hatxi. — Hilh. pi. 2. f. 10. — End of May ; open places in woods. The G. JEruginaria, Hiib. 9. 46, appears to me to be the same insect faded, and my specimens agree better with it than with the former, excepting in size. 2. H. vernarius Linn. — Hiib. 2. 7. — lucidata Don. 3. 97. — vo- lutaria Haw. — End of July ; chalky places, birch- wood, &c. 3. H. Smaragdarius Fab. — Hub. 1. 1, represents the female which Godart has copied ; and in these figures there is a white line round the inferior wings, which was not visible on the upper sides of the specimen re- presented in our Plate. For the loan of this rare insect, which is unique as British, I am indebted to Mr. C. Parsons, of the Lawn, Southchurch, Essex. Mr. Parsons found the caterpillar in that neighbour- hood, and the moth was hatched the 30th June, 1826. 4. H. papilionaria Liym. — Hub. 2. 6. — Don. 8. 287. 1. Haw. — End of July ; in woods and the vicinity of alders, meadows. 5. H. Cythisaria Hiib. pi. I. f. 2. — prasinaria Fab. Haw. — Genistaria Goda. pi. 152. 2. — Beginning of July; grassy places. This insect, as well as most of the other species, frequently fade very much by keeping ; it is therefore possible that the G. coronillaria of Hiib- ner, tab. 93, may be only a gray variety, but it has never been observed in this country, 6. H. Bajularia JYm5. 1. 3. — Goda. — ditaria Jflfi. — Don. 6. 202. 1. — June and July ; open parts in woods, at Birch-wood, Kent, &c. 7. H. Prunaria Linn. Haw. — Sepp. v. 2. pi. 8 & 9. — Don. 1. 21. and v. 9. 293. 3 var. — Corylaria Esp. var. — End of June ; shady groves and skirts of woods, Kent, Norfolk, &c. The last two insects depart fi'om the other species in some respects, but it is better to include them here than to make new genera for them. The plant is Oxalis acetosella (Wood Sorrel). 667. ENNOMOS ANGULARIA. The clouded August Thorn. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Geometrids. Type of the Genus, Geometra angularia Hub. Ennomos Och., Goda, Curt. — Geometra Linn., Hub., Haw., Step. — ■ Phalsena Fab. Antenna inserted close to the eyes, towards the base of the head, bipectinated in the males to the apex {I the rays long, slender, and ciliated on both sides with short curved hairs, and a few fine bristles at the apex ; simple in the females (1 ? ), but slightly serrated, the internal angles being produced. Maxilla very short and spiral, rather broad and flat, not longer than the palpi (3). Labial palpi projecting a little obHquely beyond the head, form- ing a beak, very hairy (4), tapering, triarticulate, basal joint the stoutest, lunate, 2nd rather more slender, and about the same length, 3rd shorter and slenderer (4 a). Head small and short, the scales projecting in a point in front (7 *) -• eyes comparatively large and hemispherical. Thorax rather small, woolly. Abdomen long, linear and dilated at the apex, with horny appendages in the male ; shorter stouter and conical at the apex in the female. Wings, superior subtrigonate, posterior margin bi- sinuated ; inferior trigonate-ovate with a lobe at the centre of the margin : cilia very short. Legs moderate : thighs not long : tibiee, anterior short, with a hairy internal spine, the others with short spurs at the apex, hinder a little the longest, with a pair of short spurs also a little above the apex (Sf) .- tarsi long slender and 5- 'ointed, hinder rather the shortest; claws and pulvilli minute. Larvae loopers, smooth but tubercled, with 6 pectoral and 4 anal feet : Pupse subterranean. Angularia Hub. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 902. 9. Male bright ochreous, superior wings more or less brown, leaving a fascia of the ground colour across the disc, margined by a dark brown striga, the inner one curved and angulated at the costa, the outer one straight, but curved towards the costa, which it joins obliquely ; a brown dot on the disc, the posterior portion of the wings freckled : inferior wings dark ochre at the margin, with a dark striga before the middle : cilia dark brown edged with, white. Female with the superior wings beautifully but irregularly freckled with brovra, the strigse strong and inclining to lead colour, nervures partially ferruginous ; inferior wings faintly freckled with lead colour, strongest towards the margin. In the Author's and other Cabinets. This handsome groupof Moths is distinguished from thegreater part of the Geometridfc by the shape of the wings as well as by the masculine antennae, which are pectinated to the apex. They have the peculiarity of resting during the day somewhat like the Papilionidae, with their wings erect; but 1 believe at night when in perfect repose the superior cover the inferior wings ; and it seems they are sometimes spread, as Dr. Leach describes them, " horizontally extended." The following British species form 2 sections. * Wings indented: rays of antenna short. 1. Juliana Haw. — Wood, pi. 19. yi482. var. — ustularia Don. 3. 82. July, paths in woods and plantations. I think Capt. Chawner has bred this and the following insect from eggs laid by one female. 2. \\\\xnvLX\2LHub. — Wood, 19. 481. — bilunaria, unilunaria^sp. March and April, shady groves, woods, and lanes; July, Mr. Wailes. 3. lunaria Fab. — Don. 4. 132. — Wood, 19. 483. Widely distributed yet not abundant. June Scotland, Am- bleside, and Enborne, Mr. Dale ; Coomb, Darent, and other woods near London. 4. delunaria Hub. — Wood^ 19. 484. A variety of the former species probably, which has been found at Birch Wood in June or July. 5. sublunaria Step. Ill.pl. 28./ 1. — Wood, 19. 486. From Derbyshire. 6. illustraria Hub. — Wood., 19. 487. — quadrilunaria Esp. Rare : May and June Birch Wood, New Forest, and near Axbridge, Mr. Streatfield. ** Wings lobed : rays of antennae rather long. 7. fuscantaria jFfaw.- — Wood, 19. 485.' — Carpinaria Ha'w. var. Stourton Caundle, Mr. D. Serrell. 8. ei'osaria Hiib. — Wood, 18. 476. — quercinaria Hiib. — cras- sax'ia. Fab. — Tiliaria Esp. — ochraria Wood, 18. 475. End of August, September, lime trees ; October, a male on Saltpans, Pegwell Bay. 9. angularia Hiib. — Curt. B. E. pi. 667. S 9 • — carpinaria Hiib. J. — erosaria £5jo.— Quercai'ia Hiib, — Wood, 19. 478. Aug. and beginning of Sept. thickets and plantations near London on lime trees. The larva is copied from Hiibner. 10. Tiliaria Hiib.— Wood, 18. 473. 4* 19. 480 c? . vai: ?— Cana- ria Hiib. — Wood, 18. 474. End of August, woods round London, Glanville's Wootton, and as far north as Cumberland. ll..Alniaria Lin?i. I believe is not British, but it is common on the elms in the environs of Paris. The Plant introduced, to which most of the 2nd section are attached, is Tilia europa:a. Broad-leaved Linden or Lime-tree. IN 707 707. EUBOLIA CERVINARIA. The Mallow Moth. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Georaetridse. Type of the Genus, Phala3na Chenopocliata Linn. EuBOLiA Goda., Curt. — Larentia Treit. — Geometra Linn., Hiib., Hmv. Antennce inserted on the crown of the head close to the eyes, rather short, setaceous, bipectinated in the males, each joint producing a pair of shortish clavate pubescent rays, with a bristle at the apex of each (1) : pubescent beneath, with a few bristles in the females (2) . Maxilla as long as the antennae, slender and spiral (3). Labial palpi porrected horizontally, a little beyond the head, the points meeting and forming a beak, densely clothed with scales (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint the longest and stoutest, curved at the base, 2nd a little shorter, much slenderer and nearly linear (a). Head small ; eyes rather large and globose (7, the profile). Thorax small. Abdomen longish, linear, the apex obtuse and tufted in the males, conical in the females. Wings forming a triangle in repose, superior semifolliform; inferior ovate-trig onate ; cUia moderate. Legs long and slender : thighs, intermediate the longest : tibiae, an- terior short, with an internal spine, intermediate slender and clavate, with a pair of short strong spines at the apex ; hinder longer and stouter, with a pair of unequal stoutish spurs at the apex, and a pair below the middle longer and slenderer : tarsi 5-jointed, basal Joint long : claws and pulvilli minute. (Sf, the hind leg). Larvae loopers, naked, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Cervinaria Hub. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 907. 1. SUky; reddish brown, superior wings with a small space at the base and a neirrowish fascia across the middle, a httle dilated at the costa, dark brown, the edges of both waved and bordered with a whitish Une, posterior margin dark with a serrated white line and a dark streak at the apex : inferior wings pale fuscous, the lower portion lighter, the margin dark reddish brown with an indistinct whitish crenated line. In the Author's and other Cabinets. MoNS. DupoNCHEL has included in his genus Eubolia many of my Zerynthiae (fol. 296), which, however artificial our ar- rangement of the Lepidoptera may be, are readily distinguished by the longer rays of the masculine antennas, and these are not armed at the apex with a bristle as in Eubolia. C. pro- pugnata also forms a part of his group, an insect which belongs to a different section, owing to the simple antennte of the males ; it is a true Cidaria. Great confusion has also been made with the 2nd species, which has induced me to re-examine the Linnaean Cabinet: there 1 find three specimens alike, one labelled Chenopodiata apparently in the younger Linne's auto- graph, with another Phalaena by the side unnamed ; it is the P. mceniaria Fab. which I once took in the forest of Fontain- bleau. P. comitata has also a label bearing that name in the same hand writing, and there is another specimen labelled do- tata, which is a species figured by Clerck ; but on referring to tab. 5. f. 15, I find his insect is the P. Spivachiata Haw. and the G. viarmorata Hiib. I therefore consider that the En- glish Lepidopterists are right regarding those Phaleenidae, and in order to identify the species I shall add the essential characters of Nos. 2 and .S. 1. cervinaria Hub. — Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 707 cf . — clavaria Haw. In pei'fect specimens the upper wings have a bloom upon them, and the pale band across the middle is obliterated as in the male figured in our plate. Found on mallows the middle of October, and the larva feeds on those plants : my figure is copied from Hiibner. 2. Chenopodiata Linn. — Wood, pi. 20. J". 545. — mensurata Hub. Goda. Superior wings tawny or reddish fuscous, with numerous midulating hues ; a fascia in the middle bearing a black dot and a dark oblique line at the apex : inferior wings of the male with 2 or 3 darker lines beyond the centre which is of a lighter colour, the mai'gins darker, those of the female paler : 16 to 18 lines in expanse. End of June to Sept. in bushy places, in such abundance, that it has obtained the appellation of the Aurelians' plague. The larva feeds on Bromus arvensis. 3. bipunctaria Fab. — Wood, pi. 21, yi 547. Wings cinereous-white, with numerous waved lines; a fascia across the middle, the margins fuscous and crenated, with a double black dot on the disc: 16 to 17 lines. Chalky places, middle of July to middle of August abund- ant amongst coarse grass near Mickleham ; the Castle-hill, Dover ; and Niton in the Isle of Wight. The larva feeds on Trifolium pi-atense and Lolinm perenne. The plant is Althaea (yfficinalis, Common Marsh Mallow. 2g6 296. ZERYNTHIA LATENTARIA. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalffinidae Lat.^ Leach. Type of the Genus, Phalsena didymata Linn. Zerynthia Nob. — Cidaria Zerene and Fidonia Treit. — Geometra Hub., Haw. — Phalaena Linn., Fab., Lai., Don. Antenna inserted on the crown of the head close to the eyes, rather short, pectinated in the males, composed of numerous ob- long joints covered with scales above, each producing 2 long pu- bescent branches (1), excepting 2 or 3 at the base ; towards the apex they become short, and several of the terminal joints have none (lb); in the females they are quite simple (2). MaxillcE the length of the antennae, spiral, furnished with pe- duncled glands at the apex (3). Labial Palpi short, clothed with scales (4) ; triarticulate, basal and 2nd joints not very long, of equal length, the former curved, the latter straight, 3rd minute subglobose (4 a). Head short. Eyes globose (7). Thorax lobed. Abdomen slender, linear and obtuse in the males, ovate-conic in the females. Wings, superior subtrigonate ; inferior not vertj ample. Thighs, /linrfer rather short. Tibiae, anterior short with a spine on the internal side, viiddle and posterior spurred, the latter long with a pair of spurs below the middle. Tarsi longer than the tibice in the anterior and shorter in the other legs, the basal joint the longest. Claws and Pulvilli mi- nute (8t, a hind leg). Caterpillars loopers, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Latentaria Nob. Cinereous, minutely freckled with black. Superior wings varie- gated with a tint of ochre, having 7 or 8 irregular waved strigse, darkest at the costa, the space between two forming a more or less decided bar across the middle, the external margin of which is crenate and edged with a whitish line ; in the centre is a black dot ; posterior margin with 7 pairs of black dots ; the cilia ma- culated. Inferior wings duller, with a black point between the base and middle, beyond which are a few indistinct irregular and waved lines, some of them forming an obscure fimbria; the mar- gin having 6 pair of black dots, and the cilia slightly maculated. Body with the segments whitish at the margins. Legs annulated. In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale and the Author. Most of the foUowino; species are included in the genus Ci- daria by Treitschke, but as the antennae of the male in his first species {Phalcena propugnata F.), which I presume is the t^'pe, are merely ciliated and not pectinated, it has become necessary to designate the succeeding group by another name. 1. Z. munitata. Huh. 'pl. 66./. 346.— //iztt). 328. 34.? I first took a female of this rare moth on the Ochil Hills near Stirling, the 5th July ; on the 20th, a male in a damp spot upon a heath near Killin; and soon after, others in the Isle of Bute ; and subsequently Mr. Dale, Mr. Marshall and myself, captured several amongst coarse grass on the sides of Skiddaw. It is said also to be common at Westerham in Kent, amongst Pine-trees, the beginning of June and end of Sep- tember. 1 should not have put a query to the reference to Mr. Haw^orth's work, as he quotes Hiibner's figure, had he not also referred to Donovan's Phalcena tristrigaria, which is a male with simple antennae, and probably a variety of Pha- lcena variata Hub. 2. Z. 4-fasciaria L. — Haw. 307. 100. — Ligustrata Hub. 55. 282 Jem. — End of June, trunks of trees and gardens, Norfolk and Suffolk, and end of July, hedges, Hertford. 3. Z. unidentaria. Haw. 308. 101. — 4-fasciata. Hiib. 55. 284 Jem. — Middle of May, Coomb Wood ; June and August, amongst Elms. 4. Z. ferrugaria L. — Haw. — Hub. 55. 285 mas. var. and 89. 460 Jem. var. — Salicaria Haw. var. — Very common in May and June in hedges. 5. Z. olivaria. Hiih. 59. 307. — Haw. — End of August; Birch-trees, Kent, and trunks of Beech -trees, Inverary, and sides of rocks at the Trossacks. 6. Z. latentaria. Curt. Brit. Ent. pl. 296. — Taken in abun- dance by Mr. Dale and myself on walls and rocks near Am- bleside, 8th June. 7. Z. Salicata. Hub. 53. 273. — This is distinguished from the last by its smaller size; and the wings, especially the in- ferior, are scarcely at all freckled. Mr. Dale first discovered this in Scotland, and I think Mr. Marshall has taken it near Keswick, the end of August. 8. Z. didymaria L. — Haw. — scabrata. Hiib. 44. 229 vias, var. ? — End of July, Kent, Norfolk, Yorkshire, and Scotland. 9. Z. viridaria. Fab. Syst. Ent. — Haw. — miata. Hiib. 57. 292. — pectinitaria. Don. 14. 479. 1. — June, open parts in Woods. 1 0. Z. fluctuata L. — Hiib. 48. 249. — Haw. — May, gardens. 11. Z. costovata. Haw. 334. 54. — Probably a variety of the last; May, hedges. 12. Z. implicata Vill. — Haw. — montanata. Hiib. 48. 248 Jetn. — May and June, open places in Woods. 13. Z. Vauaria jL. — Wauaria. Hiib. 11. 55. — Don. 6. 196. — V-nigraria Haw. var. — Ent. Trans, pl. 7. J. 3. — June and July, gardens. This species does not associate well with the others, but at present I know of no better situation for it. The plant is Carduus {Cnicus) arvensis (Creeping Thistle). 759. VENUSIA CAMBRICA. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalsenidae. T^pe of the Genus, Venusia Cambrica. Venusia Curt. AnteniKE inserted close to the eyes, on each side of the crown, rather short, setaceous, scaly and bipectinated in the male (1), the rays close, short, clavate and ciliated, becoming very short towards and vanishing at the apex. Maxillce si)iral, not so long apparently as the antennae (3) . Palpi very short, not projecting beyond the head, nearly hori- zontal, slightly curved and scaly (4), triarticulate ? Head small subglobose, densely clothed with close scales (7, the pro- file) : eyes moderate, oval. Thorax subglobose. Abdomen some- tvhat linear, the apex a little tufted in the male. Wings probably forming a triangle in repose : superior subtrigonate-ovate : inferior trigonate-ovute : cilia shortish. Legs rather long and slender : thighs rather long : tibiae, anterior short, with an internal spine, the others long and slender, with a pair of short spurs at the apex, the hinder the longest, with a pair also a little above the apex (8 f, a hind leg) : tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint the longest : claws and j)ul- villi minute. Cambrica. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 907^. Light bright gray, freckled with pale brown : antennae yellow- ish-brown; a transverse band on the forehead and the palpi dark brown : superior wings with numerous sinuated strigae forming patches on the costa : basal striga a black thin line, a pale brown pair next ; another fine dark pair, not symmetrical, before the middle, and a pair beyond it, the inner one black as well as the nervures, where they intersect it, the other is broader and yellowish-brown, and there is a pair of crenated brown strigae towards the posterior margin, the points on the nervures black, the outer striga faint ; a line of 7 sublunate brown spots at the base of the cilia : inferior wings white with a delicate pair of strigae across the middle, and a crenated pair towards the margin, all darkest at the interior margin, 6 or 7 brown lunate marks at the base of the cilia, which are white in all the wings. In Mr. Dale's Cabinet. This pretty little moth appears to be so nearly allied to the genus Zerynthia (pi. 296), that I should not have given a fi- gure and description of it here, had it not been an undescribed and very intei'esting species, from the approach which it makes to Oporabia midtistrigaria; indeed I should have included it in that genus, but it is doubtful whether it may not be ne- cessary to remove the Oporabia to the genus before us : the antennae are similar, but the wings have not the contour and texture of the type of Oporabia which those of O. miiltistrigaria have ; this last species has been included by the author of the ' Illustrations' in the genus Larentia (Eubolia B. E. pi. 707), with which it cannot be naturally associated. Oporabia dilutata is characterized by very ample superior, and rather elongated and narrow inferior wings, and the mas- culine antennas are merely ciliated. O. miiltistrigaria has less ample but similarly formed wings, with the masculine antennae bipectinated, the rays short. Venusia Cambrica has more compact wings, formed like those of Zerynthia, but the markings bear a gi'eater resemblance to Oporabia or Lobophora (pi. 81). It is possible that the discovery of the female might lead to the settling of its affini- ties, but that sex is at present unknown. The only specimen I have seen of V. Cambrica was taken at Hafod in Cardigan, near the Devil's Bridge, and was given to J. C. Dale, Esq., by Mr. House, of Clifton, near Bristol. For beautiful specimens of Mespilus germanicus, Medlar- tree, I am indebted to Mr. Luxford, who gathered them last June between Reygate and Nutfield, Surrey. 44/ 447. EPHYRA PICTARIA. The Kent Mocha or Grey Carpet. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalsenidae. Type of the Genus, Geometra punctaria Linn, Ephyra Goda, Curt. — Cyclophora & Cleora Steph. — Cabera Treit. — Geometra Linn., Haw. Antemce inserted on the crown of the head, short, bipectinated in the males, the rays pubescent, a considerable portion of the apex simple and only pubescent beneath (1); without rays in the female (7 9). Maxilla spiral and slender, considerably shorter than the an- tennte (3). Labial Palpi slender, porrected obliquely and sparingly clothed with scales (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint a little the longest and stoutest, curved, 2nd nearly as long and stout, 3rd shorter and slender (4 a). Sexes alike in size. Head small : eyes globose. Thorax small. Ab- domen short and slender, obtuse in the males. Wings spread when at rest ; superior elongate-trigonate, apex slightly falcated ; inferior triangular but rounded. Legs slender : tibite, anterior short, with an internal spine ; posterior long slender and terminated by a pair of short obtuse spurs in the male (cJ8); slightly inflated in the female, the apical spurs longer and unequal, with another pair a little above them (8 2) : tarsi 5 -jointed. Caterpillars loopers, attenuated towards the head, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal, and 2 anal feet. — Fues. Pupse either attached by the tail and the middle (Hiib.); or inclosed in a thin web. — Fues. PiOTARiA Thunb. ? — Curt. Guide, Gen. 910. 9. Female, grey with a slight reddish tint, freckled and glossy ; the tufts down the back of the abdomen white : superior wings slightly scabrous, with an indistinct dark line before and another beyond the middle, waved and crenated, forming a fascia consi- derably broader at the costa than below, with a spot of the same tint near the disc, on the posterior margin is a line of undefined pale spots on each of which is a black dot ; inferior wings dirty white, the abdominal and posterior margins freckled with brown and tinted with cinereous, a crenated line across the middle, darkest on the anal margin and a line of dark brown spots on the external margin : cilia cinereous, freckled with brown. In the Author's Cabinet. This pretty genus varies from all the family I have hitherto illustrated in having a long terminal joint to the palpi; and no one that I am aware of has noticed the difference in the hinder tibiae, which have only one pair of spurs in the males, but two pair in the females. Hiibner represents the larvae of G. jmidularia as perfect loopers, and the pupae with truncated heads and attached by the tail, with a thread round the body like Pontia, (the com- mon White Butterfly,) but Fuessley in illustrating the trans- formations of G. Ononaria delineates the larvae as imperfect loopers, and the chrysalis inclosed in a fine web. 1. E. trilinearia Bork. — Goda, pi. 111. f. 6. & 7. — linearis Hub. & Haw. — Woods, Kent; beginning June near Lyndhurst, J. C. 2. E. punctaria i.. Haw. — subangularia Haw. var. — com- munifasciata Don. 13. 456. — End of May and Aug., open places in woods. — The Larva feeds on the Oak. 3. E. poraria L., Goda^ 172. 1. — punctaria Hiib. — ocellaria Haw. & Steph. — End of May, woods ; beginning of June, Coomb-wood, J. C, also end of August. — Obs. The G. ocellaria Hiib., recorded by Mr. Stephens as a British insect, has never been found in this country that I am aware of. 5. E. omicvonana Hub., Haw., Goda, 172. 7. — annularia i^a^'. End of May, June and August, Darent-wood, J. C. — The Caterpillar feeds on the Maple {pi. 328). 6. E. pendularia L. — Hiib., Haw., Goda, 172. 5. — circularia Fab. — End of May, Birch-trees, Coomb and Birch woods, J. C. ; also end of August. — The Larva feeds on Birch {pi. 434), and Alder. 7. E. albichicta Haw. 344. 86. — A specimen was taken near Peckham many years back, and is in Mr. Hatchett's Cabinet. 8. E. orbicularia Hiib., Haw., Goda, 172, 6. — Middle of June, Coomb-wood ; in a garden at Lambeth, Mr. Sa- mouelle, near Brockenhurst, New Forest. 9. E. pictaria Timnb. ? — Curt. B. E. pi. 447. — Although the male of this rare insect is unknown, and it has been placed in my Genus Cleora, I have little doubt of this being its natural situation. Mr. Jos. Standish took 3 off some paling on Dartford Heath, Kent ; the finest on the 17th of April 1820, and the other two, which were rather wasted, on the 1st of May 1826; a very fine specimen was found at the same place the middle of April, and another near Charing, in the same county, by Thomas Marshall, Esq. The Plant is Polerhm Sanguisorba (Upland Burnet). 105. CHARISSA OPERARIA. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae Lat.^ Leach. Type of the Genus Geometra obscuraria Hub. Chakissa Nobis. Phalsena Linn., Fab., Lat., Leach. Geometra Hub., Haw. AntenncE arising from the back part of the head, rather robust, long, attenuated at both ends, composed of numerous transverse joints, with a few short scales above, hairy beneath, compressed and produced internally in the males (fig. 1 a) , slender and se- taceous in the females. Labrum and Mandibles minute, the latter ciliated internally. MaxillcE long, ciliated towards their extremity (3). Labial palpi not so long as the head, nearly straight, not pro- jecting like a beak, nor contiguous, sparingly covered with scales (4), 3-jointed, 1 st joint long, curved only at the base, 2nd shorter, 3rd minute ovate (4 a). Head small, covered with short close scales. Wings extended hori- zontally, undivided, superior trigonate, apex acute, margins indented, especially in the inferior wings. Abdomen long, slender and obtuse in the males, shorter and subconic in the females. Anterior tibiae short, with an internal spine, 2nd pair with spurs at their apex, the posterior with 2 pair of spurs, sometimes subclavate in the males (Sf). Tarsi b-jointed, the basal joint in the anterior pair as long as the tibia. Claws simple, minute. Caterpillars loopers with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal, and 2 anal feet? Opekaria Hubnefs Lep. pi. 69./. 359. Dull gray, variegated and tinged with pale ochre, glossy. An- tennae dull ferruginous. Thorax and abdomen gray, speckled with whitish scales, the latter darkest at the edges of the seg- ments. Wings rather narrow, superior dark gray irregularly variegated with white scales, an obscure transverse curved fascia towards the base, another beyond the middle, parallel to the pos- terior margin, sinuated, and a pale indented one near to the same margin j 7 minute black spots at the base of the cilia, and a large obscure one near the middle approaching the costa. Inferior wings like the superior in colour, with a sinuated obscure fascia near the centre, pale at the external edge, and a paler one nearer, parallel to the margin, upon which there are a few minute black spots and a larger very obscure one between the fascia and the base. Beneath pale silvery gray variegated ; the fascia and cen- tral spots very obscure. In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale and the Author, The pectinations of the antennae in the males, whicli give a robust and compressed appearance to them, will enable us to distinguish the individuals that compose this genus, which ap- proaches very near to Cleora, and appears to be conterminous, and to unite the extensive groups designated as Geometra and Phalccna by Mr. Haworth and other authors. The shortness of the palpi (which are often nearly vertical, the ends only ap- pearing from above) and the high point of insertion of the maxillae are peculiar, as well as the clavate posterior legs of the males, which is, however, a partial character, not being very evident in C. operaria, although it is in the type. The British species that this genus comprises are, 1. Charissa operaria Hiib. — Nob. 2. serotinaria Hiib. — Haw. Lep. Brit. 311. 107. 3. puUaria Hub. — Haw. Lep. Brit. 314. 115. — Phalaena quadripustulana Don. Brit. Ins. V. 13. pi. 463. 4. obscuraria Hiib. — Haw. Lep. Brit. 314. 116. On the 26th July, whilst at the Isle of Bute, I took 2 males (one of which is figured) of Charissa operaria : Mr. Dale cap- tured 2 others and a female soon after in the Isle of Arran. The species of this genus are generally attached to heathy si- tuations : our insect secreted itself amongst the stones of the walls so peculiar to the North, and upon being disturbed took shelter amongst the fern during the day ; and in the evening we never saw them. The hills in Bute were covered with heath, upon which we found C. operaria ; and about a mile from Rothsay, the plant figured, Gentiana campestris(F\Q[di Gentian), was in flower there at the time. 2<90 280. BOARMIA TETRAGONARIA. The Brindled Square-spot. Ordeu Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidas LiOt.^ Leach. Type of the Genus, Geometra consonaria Hub. BoARMiA Treit. — Plialsena Linn., Fab., Steph.- — GeometvaHuh., Haw, Antenna inserted on the crown of the head, setaceous, clothed with scales above, composed of numerous joints, each producing a series of long curved hairs in the males (1) j simple in the females. Maxilla not so long as the antennse (3). Labial palpi short, povrected horizontally, thickly clothed with short scales (4) ; triarticulate, 1st and 2nd joints of equal length, the former curved, the latter oval, 3rd very minute (4 a). Head small. F-yes large globose {7 a). Thorax not large. Abdomen rather long, slender, and attenuated in the males ; shorter, subcorn- eal or acuminated in the females. Wings extended horizontally when at rest, superior subirigonate, inferior with the margin deeply in- dented. Legs, anterior with the tibice producing a broad lobe at the middle, ciliated on the inside and acuminated at the apex, the others spurred, the hinder ones with a pair towards the middle. Tarsi b-jointed, basal joint as long as the tibia. Claws simple. Pulvilli distinct, each side producing a ciliated lobe or appendage. Caterpillars loopers, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal, and 2 anal feet. Tetragonaria Hav). MSS. Dirty white, freckled with black. Antennfe spotted with brown. Thorax with the tips of the anterior scales brown. Abdomen with the 2nd joint brown, darkest at the base. Anterior wings clouded with brown ; a brownish curved fascia towards the base, the edges irregularly darker, across the middle runs a very ob- scure and broken line, divided or forming a loop near the costa, beyond are 2 pale sinuated lines, the 1st interrupted and edged v/ith black, the 2nd somewhat dentated, between them is a large brown spot at the costa and a square one of the same colour in the centre j the space between the 2nd striga and the posterior margin (which is dotted with black) is clouded with brown, dark- est a little below the apex. Inferior wings with a small unspotted space at the base, followed by a thickly dotted one ; 2 indented broken lines across the middle, darkest at the abdominal margin, with a lunular spot between them, beyond the 2nd are two brown waved strigae and a series of brown dots on the margin which is crenate-serrate. In the Autlwfs and other Cabinets. When I published, a few years since, the type of my genus Cleora, I unfortunately had not a male ; and from the appear- ance of the females I was led to think that the insects which form the present group Boarmia would associate with them. Mr. Lyell having kindly presented me with the male of Cleora cincturia, I find it has beautifully pectinated antennae similar to those of Alcis ; whereas in Boarmia they are pilose beneath in this sex, each joint producing across the middle a line of long curved hairs. The palpi are short and densely clothed with scales : the anterior tarsi are furnished with a broad spine near the middle, externally covered with scales, acute at the apex, and emarginate on one side, where it is ciliated with long hairs. There can be little doubt that this spine is the analogue of that which we find attached to the anterior tibiae in the Hymenoptera ; but in the Lepidoptera it is placed further from the apex, and I am not able to determine for what pur- poses it is intended. The British species of Boarmia are 1. B. tetragonaria Curt. Brit. Ent.pl. 280. The female figured I found upon the trunk of a tree in Birch-wood, the 6th of May 1821 ; it was cold and windy, with sunshine and sudden showers. 2. B. Abietaria Haw. 276. 14. The moth is found in woods on the trunks of trees the end of March. This is not the G. Abietaria of Hiibner, which is not only differently marked, but the antennae are strongly pectinated, and it is pro- bably my Alcis Australaria. 3. B. crepuscularia 30. J". 158. — Halo. July, skirts of woods. 4. B. consonaria HUb.pl. 30. f. 157. — Haw. Middle of May, trunks of trees. Coomb-wood. 5. B. strigularia Steph. 6. B. extersaria Hub. pi. 30. f. 159. — Haw. In woods, the beginning of July. 7. B. punctularia Hiib.pl. 61. f. 317. — Haw. Trunks of birch-trees, the .middle of May, in Birch- and Coomb-woods. The plant is Ophrys {Aceras Brown) antliropoplwra (Green Man- orchis). 703. HYBERNIA DEFOLIARIA. The mottled Umber Moth. Order Lepidopiera. Fam. Phalaenidae. T^pe of the Genus, Geometra defoliaria Linn. Hybernia Lat., Goda., Curt. — Fidonia Treit. — Geometra Linn., Hiib., Haw. Antenna inserted on each side of the crown close to the eyes, rather short, setaceous, clothed with scales, bipectinated in the males, the joints producing 2 teeth on each side, with a series of curled hairs projecting from the apex (1). Maxilla very short, not longer than the laljial palpi, forming 2 lanceolate lobes, very broad at the middle (3), with a small Palpus attached at the base, composed of 3 joints, 1st minute, 2nd much larger, obovate, with some long scales above, 3rd very minute (a) . Labial palpi very small, horizontal, clothed with long scales beneath (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint the longest and largest, curved at the base, 2nd short subturbinate, 3rd a little smaller and subovate (4 a). Trophi of females similar but a little shorter, especially the Palpi. Male; head small and short (7): eyes lateral and globose. Thorax small. Abdomen neither long nor stout, slightly tapering, tufted at the apex. Wings very ample, forming a triangle in repose : supe- rior elongate -trig onate, the apex perfectly rounded : inferior trigo- nate-ovate : cilia moderate. Legs slender : thighs equal : tibiae, anterior the shortest with an internal spine, the others with spurs at the apex, very short in the hinder, with a pair also considerably be- low the middle {8 f) : tarsi 5 -jointed, anterior the longest: claws and pulvUli minute. Female apterous or with rudimentary wings. Ahdomen elongate-conic: oviduct short and pilose. Legs stoutish ; anterior tibia without spines. Larvae loopers, slightly hairy, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Defoliaria Linn. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 914. 3. Ochreous, with large purplish freckles : superior wings with a brovim curved fascia near the base, more or less irregular, and another of the same colour beyond the middle, with the edges very much sinuated and often edged with dark brown, a large blackish dot on the disk and a few brown spots on the cilia to- wards the apex : inferior wings with a pale livid spot on the centre. Female yellowish white, spotted with blue-black : thorax with 4 spots, a double line of large spots down the back and the legs blue-black, the thighs and tibiae annulated with white. In the Author's and other Cabinets. The males of this genus are remarkable for their handsome, large delicate wings, whilst the females on the contrary are totally destitute of them, in the typical species. Fortunately in this country the larvae are never known to do any mischief, but in France the caterpillars of the species figured sometimes do very extensive injury by destroying the leaves, especially of fruit trees ; but M. Duponchel mentions an admirable plan for checking their ravages : it is by wash- ing a space round the base with a glutinous matter, so that the femaleSj as they pass up the trunk in order to lay their eggs upon the leaves, may be entangled by the gluten and perish, and he adds that by the destruction of one female the birth of 300 caterpillars at least is prevented. Shaking the trees smartly is also effective by causing the larvae to fall, but it is likewise injurious to the fruit. 1. stictaria JF/aw. — capreolaria jEsp. Wood, pi. 18. J". 461. — progemmaria Hiib. — connectaria Haw. var. Wood, f. 462. Middle of February to end of March, paling, Regent's Park; Newcastle; Epping; Glanville's Wootton and Enborne, Mr. Dale. — connectaria Oct. Nov. and Dec, Epping and round London. The larva feeds on the oak and birch. 2. prosapiaria Linn. Wood, J] 463. — aurantiaria Uiib. — testa- cearia VilL var. In woods the end of October, trunks of trees. Coomb and Darent Woods ; Epping ; not uncommon at Southgate ; from 1 1 th Nov. to 23rd Dec. at Glanville's Wootton, Mr. Dale : also near Edinburgh. Larva on oak, hornbeam, and birch. 3. defoliaria Linn. Curt. B. E. pi. 703 cj. ? . The larva, which feeds on the oak, lime, alder, &c., is copied from Hiibner : the moth, which is extremely variable in colour, is found on the trunks of trees the end of October; Mr. Heysham has taken it in Cumberland as well as the forego- ing. Glanville's Wootton, from 5th Nov. to 15th Dec, Mr. Dale. Anisopteryx Step. — Female with rudimentary wings. 4. leucophaearia Hub. Wood, f. 459. — nigricaria Haw. var. — luctuaria Haw. ? . January and February, trunks of trees, and females in April. Capt. Chawner has taken this sex paired with the male of H. stictaria! 5. ^scularia Hilb. Wood,/. 460. March, on paling. Cheimatobia Step. 6. rupicapraria Hub. Wood, pi. 23./. 641. — primaria Mars. Antennae bipectinated in the male. Jan. and Feb. hedges. 7. brumata Linn. Wood, 640. — vulgaris Ste. Antennas with short cilia on both sides. Nov. Dec. and Jan. on paling and hedges. The Plant is Abius glutinosa, Common Alder. 611. PACHYCNEMIA HIPPOCASTANARIA. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae. Type of the Genus, Geometra Hippocastanaria Huh. Pachycnemia Step., Curt. — Chesias Och., Goda. — Geometra and Alsophila Hub. — Phalsena ? Haw. Antenna rather short, mserted close to the eyes on the crown of the head, slightly thickened in the middle and serrated in the male (I), clothed with scales above, pubescent beneath. Maxillee nearly as long as the antennee, slender and spiral (3). . iflJia/^a//?? forming a short beak, porrected horizontally, rather stout and clavate, clothed with small scales (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint considerably the longest, curved at the base, 2nd nearly straight and linear, 3rd minute and oval (4 a). Head small: eyes rather large and prominent (7). Thorax small. Abdomen slender, slightly curved and tufted at the apex. Wings forming a triangle in repose, superior narrow, elongate-trigonate, the apex ovate : inferior trigonate-ovate. Legs, posterior short : tibiae, anterior short, with an internal spine, the others spurred at the apex, posterior incrassated in the male, subfusiform, with a fascicle of long hairs on the inside, a pair of short spurs at the apex, and another pair, one being very short, a little below the middle (8 f). Larva unknown. Hippocastanaria ffwJ. — Geom. pl.ZG.f. 186. (J. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 916. 1. — anomalata Haw. in Ent. Trans. — degenerata Hub. pi. 78./.405. ?. Shining reddish- grey ; superior wings with a broad pale brown fascia narrowed towards the interior margin, the basal margin angulated, the posterior crenated, with a paler external edge, a lunate dot on the disc more or less obscure and the nervures partially brown ; the margin at the base of the cilia dotted with brown : abdomen and inferior wings very pale ochre, the latter inclining to cinereous, except at the base, with a sinuated line across the middle and an obscure spot on the disc. In the Author s and other Cabinets. This insect is nearly allied to Geom. Spartiata and ohliquata^ and is included with them and many other incongruous spe- cies in the genus Chesias by Treitschke, but their palpi and legs are differently formed. The early slates of Pachycnemia are unknown, but from the specific name of Hippocastanaria, Hiibner must have sup- posed that it was an inhabitant of the horse-chestnut tree : M. Duponchel however is of opinion that it is attached to the Spanish chestnut, as he has never found it excepting in woods where that tree exclusively grows ; in England it seems to fre- quent heathy districts, and I think it has been taken very far from either of those trees by my friend Mr. Dale. It is rather of rare occurrence in this country, and few moths vary more in the time of their appearance : a female was found as early as April on Ockham Heath in Surrey, but Mr. Dale has taken specimens from the 25th of March to the beginning of September on Parley Heath, Hampshire, and in the New Forest where it is most abundant in July ; it has also occasionally been met with near Birch Wood in Kent, and at Rochford in Essex. Hiibner's figure of G. degenerata is no doubt drawn from a wasted specimen of the female of P. Hippocastanaria. The Plant is Spartium (Cytisus Linn. ?) scopariurrif Com- mon Broom. 519. THERA CONIFERATA. The Durham Juniper Moth. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalsenidae. Type of the Genus, Geometra variata Hub. Thera Step. — Chesias Och., Goda. — Geometra Linn., Hub. — Pha- Isena Hmv. Antenncc inserted close to the eyes on the crown of the head, filiform, moderately long, clothed with scales above, and densely covered with short hairs beneath (1 (J); a little more slender in the females. Maxilla spiral, nearly as long as the antennae, and rather stout (3). Labial Palpi projecting beyond the head nearly horizontally, their points often meeting like a beak, densely clothed with scales, making them appear in profile obtuse and clavate (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint long and curved, 2nd as long and straight, 3rd small ovate (4 a) . Head small and globose : eyes orbicular and prominent. Thorax with a small tuft on the back. Wings, superior subtrigonate, with the costa arched, covering the inferior, which are rather narrow, and forming a triangle in repose. Abdomen rather long, linear and tufted at the apex in the male, more conical at the apex in the female. Legs moderatehj long : thighs slender, nearly of equal length : tibiae, anterior not very short, intermediate terminated by a pair of spurs, posterior with 4 long spurs, one pair beloio the middle, all of them having a minute spine at the apex (8 f)- Larvae loopers, smooth and cylindrical, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Pupae acuminated at the apex. CoNiFERATA Curt. MSS. — Guidc, Gen. 918. Shining reddish brown, eyes black, a little larger in the male than female : superior wings with the base darker brown, in- closing 1 or 2 strigse, a narrow fascia of the same colour across the middle, broadest at the costa and suddenly dilated exter- nally, with an indistinctly ocellated oval spot at the apex of the discoidal cell, the edges of the fascia are blackish, especially at the interior margin, and inside at tlie middle, and edged with an irregular pale line outside ; towards the posterior margin is a whitish crenated line, with 2 or 3 blackish streaks outside to- wards the apex, and at the base of the cilia are 7 or 8 pairs of dark dots ; inferior wings dull ochreous white, inclining to red- dish brown at the margin, the edge of which is darker with dots: abdomen freckled with brown and white ; tuft at apex of male dull ochreous. In the Cabinets of Mr. Wailes, the Author, 8(C. In many respects this group approaches very near to Electra, and in others to Lobophora (fol. 81.)} but from the latter it is distinguished by the absence of the lobe to the inferior wings. The following species are recorded as British, and are di- vided into: * Antennae simple in both sexes. 5. T. Coniferata Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 5\9.$ . As this insect neither agrees with Linneeus's description nor with Hiibner's figure of Juniperata, I have thought it advisable to give it a name : whether it be the same species as that found at Birch-wood, and described as the P. Juniperata of Linn., I am not prepared to determine. I purchased a specimen last year of Mr. E. A. Johnson, and have since received another from Mr. Wailes, who took them, I believe, at Castle Eden Dene. 2. Juniperata Z,nm. F. S. 1269. — Hub. Geom.pl. 57./. 294. —Goda. pi. 206./ 3. " Wings cinereous : superior with a cinereous fascia at the base, a broader one in the middle, unequal, almost inter- rupted at the interior margin ; a fuscous line at the apex. The I'emainder entirely cinereous, with a fuscous line at the posterior margin." Linn. 1. fulvata Fab.— oheViscata Hiib.f.296. — Goda. 206. 6. Recorded as having been taken by T. C. Heysham, Esq., in Baron-wood, Orton. 3. variata W. V.—Hiib.f. 293.— Goda.206. 4^.?— Ent. Trans. tab. 6./. 3. Very plentiful in July and Sept. where Fir-trees abound. Whether Donovan's P. tristrigaria v. 13. pi. 461. f. 2. be in- tended for this or the next species is doubtful, but I have never seen black streaks in the superior wings of the following. * * Antennae of the male bipectinated. 4. simulata Hiib. pi. 66. J\ 345. It is remarkable that M. Treitschke and M. Duponchel take no notice of this insect. The males are readily distin- guished from all the others by their antennae, which are bipec- tinated, as represented at fig. S. , and I do not feel certain that ours is Hiibner's insect. They agree in colour, it is true, but his appears to be the male, with simple antennas, and the fascia of our insect is differently formed : it is always triangu- larly indented on the inside, and the basal spot is very much angulated to correspond with it. Should they be distinct, the name of consobrinata would not be inapplicable. On the 7th Sept. I captured several of both sexes : they were flying in a fir-plantation at Durnford in Wiltshire, and alighting amongst the heath that grew there. The Plant is Juniperus communis S (Juniper Tree). 81. LOBOPHORA POLYCOMATA. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae Lat.^i Leach. Type of the Genus Phalaena hexapterata Fab. LoBOPHORA Stepli. MSS. Phalsena Fab., Haw., Hdb., Leach. Antenna' rather short, setaceous, composed of numerous trans- verse joints covered with hair and scales (f. 1, a few joints mag- nified). Maxilla not very long (3). Labial palpi short, distant, incurved (7), thickly covered with scales (4), 3-jointed ; 1st joint cylindric-quadrate, 2nd long at- tenuated, 3rd short, somewhat truncated obliquely (4 a. the joints denuded). Head small. Abdomen slender. Wings entire, extended horizontally when at rest, superior long, somewhat lanceolate, inferior small in the males, with a lobe attached at the base of the abdominal margin. Legs rather slender. Tibiae, anterior not longer than the basal joint of the tarsus (8) : 4 posterior having 2 spurs only at their apex in the 2nd division (8 a and 8 b). Tarsi b-jointed. Claws and pul- villi distinct. Larvae loopers, with 6 pectoral 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Obs. The dissectioiis are all taken from L. polycomata. PoLYCOMATA Hub. Schmct. Geom. IL Mquivocce B. pi. 38-./. 190. Very pale, variegated with irregular waves of brown. Superior wings with an angulated transverse line near the base, and a broad bar near the centre, angulated towards the costa, ferrugi- nous, the latter with a large pale spot next the costa and a small one upon the interior margin, the nerves intersecting the bar black ; posterior limb with an interrupted fuscous wave, the margins very palej costa, cilia, and posterior margin fuscous, the latter with the nerves, and a row of dots along the extremity black. Inferior wings very pale, dull ocliraceous, with 2 indented transverse lines near the middle, margin with a row of black dots. Beneath cinereous-ochraceous, with a brown line extend- ing across the wings near the centre, and an oval sjjot of the same colour near the base next the costa. In the Cabinet of Mr. Stone. This insect (new to Britain) being analogous to several groups that are widely distributed through the extensive family to which it belongs, it became necessary to pay particular atten- tion to its structure ; and I was much gratified to find that Hiibner had given a figure of its larva in the same plate with those of Geometra sexaLisata and lobulata, thereby confirming the opinion that I had formed when I assigned it to the si- tuation which it now holds. The 3 larvas, as might be ex- pected, are very similar; and I regret that I did not meet with it in time to introduce it into the plate : it is bright green be- neath, duller green above, with a narrow yellow line down each side. (Vide Hiibner' s Supp. Geometra; II. jEquivocce G. a. b. fig. 2. a. b.) This pretty genus now contains 6 British species, which must form 2 divisions. * Inferior wings of males with large lobes, poste- rior tibiae with 2 pair of spurs. 1. L. sexalisata Hiib., Haw. 2. hexapterata Fab., Haw., Don. v. 6. pL 192. ** Inferior wings with small lobes, posterior tibiae with 1 pair of spurs. 3. lobulata Hiib. — dentistrigata Haw. 4. costasstrigata Haw. 5. polycomata Hiib. 6. viretata Hiib. — trinotata Don. v. lA-. pi. 4:99. f. 1. 1. I would wish here to call the attention of the student tf the structure of the legs of our species (one of each pair being figured, and in which I believe all those of the 2nd division agree), the posterior tibiae being deficient of a character, which I have never seen wanting in any other group of this family, all other Phalcenidce having another pair of spurs below the middle. It is also worthy of remark, that Geometra multi- strigaria Haw., and G. dilutata Hiib. and Haw., have the re- markable oval spot beneath at the base of the wings, and that in habit it somewhat resembles Phalcena rufata Fab., and PhalcBna brumata Linn. ; and it is probable that L. polyco- mata will assist in bringing together these species, which are now so unnaturally scattered through the family. Two females of our insect were taken in a lane near Dart- ford Heath, Kent, upon Black Thorn, the beginning of April 1824; and Mr. B. Standish took two males upon the wing the 10th April this year, in the same place. Prunus spinosa (Sloe Tree or Black Thorn) is figured with the insect. ()4. EUPITHECIA LINARIATA. The beautiful Pug. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae Lat.^ Leach. Type of the Genus Phalseha Absinthiata Linn. EupiTHECiA nobis. Phaltena Linn., Fab., Haw. Abraxas Leach. Antenna alike in both sexes, inserted towards the posterior part of the head, close to the eyes (f. 7), rather long, setaceous, com- posed of numerous joints, covered with scales above, hairy be- neath (f. 1, three joints magnified). Maxilla as long as the antennae, slender (3). Labial Palpi2, projecting obliquely, like a beak, beyond the head, thickly covered with long and broad scales (4), 3-jointed, 1st joint long robust, slightly curved upward, 2nd rather shorter, somewhat conical, 3rd small, nearly globose (4 a). Clypeus slightly projecting, covered with thick scales. Abdomen short, slender. Wings entire, extended horizontally when at rest; superior lo7ig, somewhat lanceolate, with2 costal nerves andarhomboidal cell, of which the 2nd costal nerve forms one side (9); inferior small. Legs rather slender : Tibias of anterior pair very short, with a long, com- pressed, membranaceous spine, arising on the inside near the centre, 2nd and 3rd pair terminated by 2 spurs, the latter having 2 also near the middle. Tarsi ^-jointed, \st joint in the anterior pair longer than the tibia. Claws and Pulvilli minute (8, a fore leg) . Larvae with 1 0 feet. LiNARiATA Fab. Ent.Syst.v.3.pars2. p. 190. ?j.224. Haw. Lep. Brit, p.364.n. 1.53. Pale ochraceous. Thorax with a black spot in the centve near the posterior margin, 2nd segment of the abdomen blackish, the 1st six segments with a black spot in the middle close to the poste- rior margin. Superior wings with a costal spot near the base, and a large transverse waved fascia in the centre, bright cinereous variegated and spotted with black, the latter being margined with white, another white sinuated line nearer to the posterior margin, running through 7 irregular cinereous and black spots ; an an- gulated fascia near the base, and another nearer to the posterior margin ferruginous. Inferior wings with several transverse pale cinereous bands, that next the posterior margin being the broad- est and having a zigzag pale line running through it. Cilia fus- cous with obscure dark spots next the base. In the Author's and othSr Cabinets. This genus, which comprises Mr. Haworth's section " Abhre- viatce " (with the exception of Pterapherapteryx hexapterata and sexalisata), contains 38 British species, 27 of which are described in Lepidoptera Britannica, and three more by Hub- ner, viz. Phalcena abbreviata, insignata, and exiguata. These pretty moths form a most natural genus, and when alive are characterized (as Mr. Haworthhas observed) by the elegant attitude in which they repose, with their wings beauti- fully expanded, lying close to the surface upon which they rest, as moths are displayed for our cabinets by the London collectors. The characters perhaps most deserving our atten- tion are the great length of the basal joint of the anterior tar- sus, and the shortness of the tibia, which has an internal flat spine, a character as constant in many Lepidopterous families as the emarginated anterior tibia is amongst the Cai-abidce : whether this tibial process, which has hitherto been entirely neglected, will prove essential in a natural arrangement of this Order I am at present not competent to decide ; and although I have given a drawing of the disposition of the nerves of the superior wings, I suspect, from the observations I have made, that they will rather supply family, than generic characters, which however will be very valuable, as at present those that we have are very minute and uncertain. During a few days that I spent at Dover in the middle of August 1820, previous to my visiting the opposite coast, I beat a beautiful caterpillar from the Antirrhinum Linaria, which grew in abundance, and was in full flower at the time, upon the Castle-hill ; it fed upon the blossoms, and began very soon to form its cocoon, which prevented my making a drawing of it : the early part of the following June, to my great satisfac- tion, the elegant specimen figured in the plate was produced. Fabricius describes the larva as yellow, with red feet, and spots down the back of the same colour; but I think mine was a beautiful yellow, with dark chesnut spots. Antirrhinum Linaria (Common Toad-flax), from which the moth derives its specific name, is given in the plate. 523. HYRIA AURORARIA. The purple and gold Moth. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalyenldae. Type of the Genus, Geometra Auroraria Hub. Hyria Step., Curt. — Fidonia Och., Goda. — Geometra Hiib., Haw. — Phalaena Fab. Antennce inserted on the crown of the head close to the eyes, rather short and setaceous, composed of vertebrate formed joints, each clothed with two series of scales above and short rays, 2 at the apex and 2 at the base, producing long bristles on both sides in the male (1, portions of the base and apex) ; simple in the female. MaxillcE spiral, not more than half the length of the antennae and very slender (3). Labial palpi short, slightly curved, but porrected nearly hori- zontally, clothed with short scales (4), triarticulate, basal joint the longest and stoutest, 2nd much more slender, but nearly as long, 3rd shorter, narrower and obtuse at the apex (4 a). Head small subglobose; eyes not very globose. Thorax with the scales depressed. Wings forming a triangle in repose, rounded and obtuse; cilia long and irregular. Abdomen short linear and tufted at the apex in the males. Legs, hinder pair the smallest in the male: tibiae, anterior with a curved spine on the inside, clothed with long scales ; intermediate armed with one long and another short spur at the apex (8*) ; hinder pair destitute of spurs in the male (Sf), but spurred at the apex in the female. Caterpillars loopers, attenuated, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet ? Pupae inclosed in a cocoon. Treit. Auroraria Hub. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 921. 1. — sanguinaria Hub. Beit. — variegata Fab. Orange, head piceous, antennae and crown whitish ; anterior portion of thorax and abdomen, except the apex, rosy purple : wings of the same colour, with an orange margin and a waved blackish line parallel to it near the extremity of the purple, superior wings with an orange spot on the disc uniting with an ovate one below it, which is divided by a faint purple striga near the base ; inferior with an oval orange spot on the disc and freckled with the same colour : beneath similar, with the underside of the legs brown. In the Author's and other Cabinets. This charming little moth when quite perfect has the wings of a golden yellow, ornamented with purple inclining to lilac? but it soon fades, for a few evenin£rs' and mornings' flights are sufficient to wear off and injure the deUcateplumageof the wings, and then they become of a dull yellow colour and the purple loses the beautiful bloom with which it was before tinged. The females are either much less abundant than the males or they conceal themselves, and probably do not fly so often, especially in the day time, when occasionally I have met with this moth in considerable numbers, in marshy meadows, where they rise under the feet in brushing through the long coarse grass. In an excursion to Horning the 24th of last June with Mr. Charles Paget, his Brother and Capt. Chawner, we found them common in one marsh, together with Erastria uncana (folio 140^), and it has been observed there ten days later ; about the same time Mr. Dale was taking it in Holt Forest : it has also appeared in abundance near Croydon in Surrey ; in the neighbourhood of Bristol, and in Somerset- shire : I have taken it the middle of July near Yaxley in Huntingdonshire, and it has occurred at Trundle, Brick and Ugg-meres from June 22nd to August 7th. The males of this insect are distinguished by their pilose antennae, but I do not remember an instance at this moment, in which the hinder pair of legs are the smallest in any other Lepidopterous insect; such however is the case in the males of the genus befoi'e us, although it escaped the party who gave it a name : in this sex the middle pair is the longest and furnished as is usually the case with a pair of spurs at the apex (vide fig. 8 *), whereas the hinder pair is entirely destitute of spurs (fig. 8 f), but in the female there are spurs at the apex which seem to be rather smaller than those of the intermediate tibiae. The Caterpillar feeds on the Plantago major, but the plant figured, which was in flower at the time the moths were taken, is the Vaccinium Oxycocciis (Cranberry). 647. VENILIA QUADRIMACULATA. The Pinion-spotted yellow. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaonidao. Type of the Genus, Geometra macularia Linn. Venilia Goda, Curt. — Zerene Treit. — Geometra Linn., Hub. — Pha- la!aa Haiv. Antenna: inserted on the crown of tlie head, close to the eyes, setaceous, rather short, clothed with scales above and pubescent beneath in the males (1) ; more slender in the females. MaxillcE slender and spiral, scarcely so long as the antennae (3). Labial palpi projecting nearly horizontally a little bey ond the head, and forming a short beak ; clothed with long scales, espe- cially beneath, short at the apex (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint very long and stout, curved at the base, 2nd not half so long, ovate, truncated obliquely, 3rd small, ovate-conic (4 a). Head small and round : eyes small and globose (7, the profile). Tliorax small and oval. Abdomen rather long and slender, tufted at the apex in the male, xvith an incurved acute claw above and 2 compressed lobes beneath ; conical in the female. Wings forming a triangle in repose, superior elongate-trigonate, the apex slightly hooked, the posterior margin a little angulated at the middle ; inferior ovate-tri- gonate, the margin slightly ivaved. Legs, anterior the shortest : tibiae, anterior very short, intermediate terminated by long spurs as well as the posterior, which have also a pair a little above the apex : tarsi not long, 5 -jointed, basal joint the longest. Larvae loopers, naked, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Quad RIM ACULATA Haw. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 924. 1. In the Cabinets of the Author and the British Museum. When the genus Macaria was established eleven years since, I considered the insects forming the genus before us were closely allied to it, although they did not exhibit some of the characters belonging to that group. In studying the Lepi- doptera previously to the appearance of the " Guide," I found such important variations between the type of Macaria and V. macularia that I very materially altered its situation ; and upon a close examination I find the palpi, antennje, and hind legs so essentially different from Macaria that I have no hesi- tation in adopting M. Diiponchel's generic title given in the 8th vol. of Godart's Lepidoptera. There are only two species of Venilia. 1. macularia Linn. — Do7i. v. 7. pi. 1b\.f. 3. Orange vv'ith large irregular brovi^n patches on the wings, with smaller ones at the base and abdominal margin; these spots are darkest above in the inferior wings and beneath in the superior wings. Mr. Newman once showed me a remarkable variety taken atWalthanistow in May, with the wings almost entirely brown, similar to Godart's figure 6, pi. 187. The Caterpillar feeds principally upon Lamium purpicreum and album, pi. 70 and 132 ; the moth is met with in most woods in England : Mr. Dale has observed it in plenty in the Isle of Portland and near Abbey Milton, also at Enborne Copse and Bagley Wood from the 7th of May to the 1 7th of June. 2. quadrimaculata Hans. — Curt. Brit. Eiit. pi. 647. S . Ochreous yellow, indistinctly mottled with orange; antennae, head, and thorax freckled with brown : anterior wings with 3 or 4< large purplish-brown spots on the costa, which is freckled with the same colour at the base ; these spots are faint on the underside. This rare insect used to be taken occasionally in a wood at Colney Hatch in April and the beginning of May, but it has not been seen I believe for several years, and it appears to be un- known upon the Continent. It may possibly be only a variety of V. macularia, but if such be the case it is a remarkable in- stance of stability in a variety, as many specimens have been taken, all agreeing in the essential characters. Pyrola minor. Less Winter-green, was communicated by T. Howson, Esq., who gathered specimens at Clapdale Wood in Yorkshire, and I am indebted to the same gentleman for the plants represented in the two following plates. 691. SIONA DEALBATA. The black-veined Moth. . ^ Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Plialaenitlar. * Ti/pe of the Genus, Phalaena dealbata Linn. SiONA Goda, Curt. — Idaea Och. — Phalaena Linn,, Haw, Antenna setaceous, a little the stoutest in the male (1), clothed with scales above, with very short pubescence beneath. Maxilla as long or a little longer than the antennae, slender and spiral, with minute tentacula at the apex (3). Labial palpi short and slender, porrected obliquely beyond the head, the points approximating, clothed with, short scales (4), the apical joint distinct ; triarticulate, basal joint the longest and stoutest, a little curved at the base, 2nd nearly as long, slightly attenuated, 3rd small and ovate-conic (a). Head small subglobose: eyes lateral large and globose. Thorax ovate. Abdomen long and slender in the male, stouter in the female, the apex conical with a horny pilose ovipositor. Wings subtrigonate and forming a triangle in repose ? the margins entire, nervures strong : cilia short. Legs long and slender : thighs moderate : tibiae, ante- rior not very short, with a long internal spine, intermediate with a pair of long spurs at the apex, hinder with a shorter pair and a longer and unequal pair a little below the middle : tarsi long slender and 5 -jointed : claws and pulvilli minute (Sf, a hind leg). Larva and metamorphoses unknown. Dealbata Linn. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 92G. i. Silky white or pale cream colour : palpi, antennae and eyes blackish : nervures of wings dusky above, quite black beneath, especially in the superior ; a narrow transverse stripe beyond the middle on the under side, but very faint in the inferior wings, and the transverse discoidal nervure blackish. Abdomen beneath with 3 blackish longitudinal lines in the female, which sex is the most strongly marked beneath in the wings also. In the Author's and other Cabinets. This simple-coloured but elegant moth is what is termed by collectors an uncommon species, yet occasionally it is found in great plenty, the seasons probably at various periods con- tributing to its numbers. It generally affects chalky and lime- stone districts in this country, and makes its appearance the beginning of June. Frsm the large broods that have been observed of late y^'?1ii.the vicinity of Langport in Somersetshire, it is to be hoped that the caterpillar may be shortly met with, and I am the more sanguine in my expectations from Mr. John Quekett, a-'most zealous naturalist, residing in the neighbourhood. I am indebted to him, as well as to Mr. Dale and Mr. D. Serrell, for my series of specimens; and this gentleman tells me that he took a considerable number lastyear in some woods, called the Holts, near Stourton Caundle in Dorsetshire, in the month of July; he principally found them in open places, amongst long grass where stunted black-thorn bushes were growing: these woods stand high, but are exceedingly wet in the winter. Mr. Mar- shall also informed me some years since, that he once took this moth in abundance in Kent, and it has also been found at Darent and Tonbridge Wells. I have never met with it alive in England, but I captured a male in descending the Puy de Dome in Auvergne; and Mons. Duponchel says that in France it principally inhabits moun- tainous districts, but he once took it plentifully in the woods of Notre Dame, four leagues from Paris, by brushing the heath. The similarity of S. dealbata to some butterflies is very striking : indeed the colour and shape of the wings and abdo- men assimilate so well with the Papilionidae, that it seems only to want the capitate antennae to complete its resemblance to the Pontiae. It has been necessary to abandon the name of Idsea given to this genus by Ochsenheimer, and employed in the 1st edi- tion of the Guide, as it had been previously applied to a group of Papilionidae; I have therefore adopted the more recent one of Siona proposed by M. Duponchel. For specimens of the Plant, Petroselinum (Sison Linn.) se- getim, Corn Honewort, I am indebted to Dr. Bromfield, who found them last October near Ryde, in the Isle of Wight. 515. ABRAXAS ULMATA. The Yorkshire or scarce Magpie Moth. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. PhalaenidfE. Type of the Genus, Phalsena Grossulariata Linn. Abraxas Lea., Curt. — Zerene Och., Goda. — Geometra Hub. — Pha- lsena Linn., Fab., Haw. Antennce inserted on the crown of the head near to the eyes, rather short and filiform, clothed with scales above, very pu- bescent beneath (1 b). Labrum small triangular and membranous. Mandibles slender, curved and ciliated internally. Maxilhe small spiral not more than half the length of the an- tenna; (3). Palpi minute forming an ovate flat lobe (a). Labial palpi small, scarcely projecting beyond the head, clothed with short scales (4) triarticulate, basal joint the longest, stout- est, and curved, 2nd slender and linear, 3rd small and ovate (4«). Head small transverse and obtuse, clothed with short depressed scales: eyes lateral, large prominent and ovate, (7, the head in profile). Thorax rather small. Abdomen shorter than the luings, as stout as the thorax, cylindrical. "Wings ample, either extended horizontally or forming a triangle tohen at rest, superior trigonate, inferior rounded, cilia short. Legs rather short and stout : tibiae, anterior short with an internal spine, intermediate furnished with a pair of stout short spurs, posterior the longest and thickest, spurred at the apex and a little above : tai'si, anterior the longest, posterior the shortest, the basal joint very long in the 1st pair: claws and pulvilli minute (8 f, hind leg) . Larvae loopers ivith 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 caudal feet. Pupae attached by threads to leaves, walls, 8(C. Ulmata Fab. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 927. 2. Silky- white : antennae with a transverse ruff of hairs on the underside of each joint in the male (fig. 1): thorax and abdo- men yellow, spotted with black, the latter with a dorsal line of black spots, with a double row of smaller ones on each side, and 2 rows of large ones beneath : superior wings with the base brown, having a yellow striga, a large spot of the same colour ornamented with a few silvery ones and yellow on the internal edge close to the posterior angle ; a smaller spot of the same colour on the costa towards the apex ; a large gray spot on the disc, a waved line of spots of the same colour towards the poste- rior margin, which is spotted with gray or brown : inferior wings with the base, a spot on the disc, and a curved line beyond it, and sometimes a few spots on the posterior margin gray, with a large brown spot tinged with yellow and gray, and ornamented with a silvery line, above the caudal angle : cilia more or less fuscous. Obs. The gray spots vary much in number and size. In the Author's and other Cabinets. The following are the British species I have included in the genus Abraxas : 1. Yant!ir\aLi7m.—Hiib. Geo. ]6. S'i.—Goda. 8. pi. 187./. 3. This, which I suspect is only a fine variety of the following, is said to have been taken in Devonshire : it is very common in the South of France, upon Ash trees, in May. 2. Ulmata Fah.—Curt. B. E. pi 515. The Rev. Richard Allen Burney of Rimpton, Dorset, has reared this beautiful moth and favoured me with the following observations: — " The Larvas vary much, and many older ones resemble the young ones; while some, near their maturity, are almost wholly white, with yellowish extremities, and all the usual marks more or less obscure. They inhume, or take to the earth, about Sept. 2nd or 3rd, (some later,) having fed exacdy eight weeks from the egg ; and emerge Irom May 20th to June 14th, In the year 1824? 1 reared fifty of these larva3 irom eggs found in clusters on leaves of young Elms, besides many from captured larvae and some in the imago state. I never found any except in one particular and very limited spot of the wood. When the moths emerge, they take a station on the upper side of any large leaf, of whatever kind, and there rest, beautifully expanded, and very conspicuous, through all the heat of the day. If disturbed, they flutter helplessly to the ground, especially the females, and make no effort to escape. Where they frequent, nothing is so easily found, as they do not hide on the underside, but display their beautiful white wings on the upper surface of any leaf large enough to afford them a convenient situation. I considered their. high season of emersion to be from May 20th to the 25th or 30th, though some come out later." In Yorkshire this Moth is comparatively common. Mr. Dale, 1 believe, has taken it at Charmouth, the middle of June; and on the 25th of the same month and a few days later I found it at Ambleside. The Caterpillar is believed to feed also upon the Beech and on the Oriental Plane, with which M. Du- ponchel supposes it was introduced into England. 3. Grossulariata Linn. — Don. v. I. pi. 4. This handsome Moth is common in our gardens and hedges the end of July. Its pretty Caterpillars, which resemble the Moth in colour, are very destructive to the leaves of our currant and gooseberry bushes: it will also feed upon the Black-thorn, and some say on the Almond. Its glossy black Pupa is belted with yellow. 4. marginata Linn. — Don. 9. 293. 2. — naevaria Hiib. and pol- lutaria Hub. vars. Abundant in woods, bushy places and thickets from May to August. The Caterpillar feeds upon the Hazel. As the legs of this insect agree with those of Abraxas, and it seems to associate well with it in other respects, I have added it to the genus before us. A branch of the Common Elm ( Ulmiis campcsiris ?) in flower, is represented in the Plate. I G43. ZERENE PLUMBATA. The Kinnordy bordered Carpet. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalasnidae. Type of the Genus, Phalfena rubiginata Fab. Zehene Och., Curt. — Melanthia Goda. — Harpalyce, Melanippe, Xerene Step. — Phalaena Fab., Haio. — Geometra Linn., Hub. Antenna short, inserted close to the eyes on the crown of the head, clothed with scales above and hairy beneath in the males Maxilla shorter than the antennae, slender, spiral and furnished with small tentacula at the apex (3). Labial palpi rather elongated, porrected horizontally and form- ing a pointed beak, densely clothed with scales appearing tri- gonate in profile (4), triarticulate, basal joint somewhat kidney- shaped, 2nd twice as long elliptical, 3rd very minute and ovate (4 a). Head small, subglobose: eyes small and globose. Thorax globose. Abdomen long slender, tufted at the apex in the males, conical in the females. Wings forming a triangle in repose. Legs moderate : tibiae, anterior the shortest, intermediate spurred at the apex, hinder pair the longest, with spurs at the apex and a pair considerably below the middle: tarsi long, 5-jointed, basal joint long, 5th the shortest (Sf, a hind leg). Larvae loopers, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Plumbata Curt. Guide, Gen. 928. 6. White ; head and thorax brown and grey ; superior wings in- clining to cream-colour with a patch at the base and a fascia across the middle generally broadest at the costa, brown varie- gated with grey and darker brown lines, the margins are sinuated and there is a black dot on the disc ; posterior margin lead-co- lour with a pale crenated striga and a long patch at the tip much darker : inferior wings with a similar fimbria and striga, a curved fuscous line across the middle, with a blaclc dot towards the base : the abdomen is spotted with brown down the sides, some- times with 2 or more spots on the back of the apical joints. Obs. The males frequently have the upper wings of a dark lead- colour with the usual brown markings, the under wings having a broad plain fimbria of the same colour : in the females the fascia is generally broad throughout, but it is sometimes di- vided towards the inferior margin in the males. In the Author's and other Cabinets. This pretty genus, containing many species, is distinguislied by its white wings simply banded or bordered with brown or some dark colour. Treitschke has included in it a species of Zerynthia and the genus Abraxas^ the former characterized by the pectinated antenn£B of the males, and the latter by its ample wings with irregular spots, sometimes ornamented with yellow. The following species appear to belong to this group. 1. albicillata Linn. — Don. 6. 202. ]. June, paths in woods, Cumberland, Norfolk, Kent, and Knaresborough, Yorkshire, J. C. 2. adustata Jyw6. — Wood, ^g. 605. 3. hastata Linn. — Do?i. 4. 129. 1. 2. Sf 3- June, base of Ben More and Ben Cruchan, Miss Harvey. 4. procellata Hiib. — porcellata Don. 6. 202. 3. End of July, Birch Wood, J. C. ; and Essex and Oxford- shire. 5. rubiginata Hiib. — Wood, 606. — contaminata Ber. — trigo- nata Haw. June and August, gardens and pathways in woods. 6. plumbata Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. S^S. For a fine series of this new moth I am indebted to Charles Lyell, Esq. : a considerable number were taken the beginning of September in Forfarshire. Variable as this species is it may readily be distinguished from the foregoing by the. pei feet fascia of the upper wings. 7. ocellata Linn. — lynceata Don. 10. 349. 3. 8. tristata Li^in. — Wood, Jig. 566. Middle of June, Yorkshire, side of a hill Ambleside, J. C. Dale, Esq. 9. subtristata Haw. — contristata Do?i. 15. 510. 2. — alchemil- lata Hub. 71. 370. — amniculata HUb. 75. 386. — substriata Wood, 567. — degenerata Haw. var. 10. sylvaticata Haw. — Wood, 56S. — rivata Hiib. 79. 409. not G. aquata. 1 1. unangulata Haw. — Wood, 569. 12. biangulata i^atiy. — Wood, 570.— picata Hiib. 84. 435. June, pathways in and outside of woods, Norfolk, J. C. 13. Galiata Hiib. — Wood, 563. May and June, rocks. Isle of Portland, and August, Isle of Wight and Dover, J. C. ; Lulworth Cove, Mr. Dale. 14. unilobata Haw. p. 331. 44. — Wood, 564. Taken near Scarborough and other parts of Yorkshire. 15. 4-annulata Haw. 331. 45. — Wood, 565. Taken at Wisbeach and in Devonshire. Rubus Chamccmorus, Cloud-berry, represented in the Plate, was communicated by Mr. T. Howson, p 603 603. ELECTRA ALBOCRENATA. The Durham Carpet. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae. Type of the Genus, Geometra ruptata Hiib. Electra Curt. — Zerene Curt. — Electra, Harpalyce, Polyphasia, Steganolophia and Lampropteryx Ste. — Cidaria Och., Goda. Antenna inserted close to the eyes on the crown of the head, ahke in both sexes, rather short slender and setaceous, com- posed of numerous short joints, clothed with small scales above, densely pilose beneath (1). Maxilla not so long as the antennae, very spiral and tentacu- lated at the apex (3). Labial Palpi porrected beyond the head nearly horizontally, clothed with short scales and appearing truncated obliquely (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint curved and narrowed at the base, 2nd nearly twice as long and linear, 3rd very short and ovate (4 a) . Head subglobose: eyes globose. Thorax ovate. Abdomen slender, more or less tufted in the males, conical at the apex in the females. Wings forming a triangle in repose; superior elongate-trigonate, inferior rather narrow, subovate. Tibiae, anterior short, the others spurred at the apex, the hinder having a pair above the apex (8 f) - tarsi long and 5 -jointed. Larvae loopers, smooth and like a stick, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Albocrenata Curt. Guide, Gen. 929. Silky, greyish- white : palpi, head and anterior portion of thorax brown, back of abdomen variegated with the same colour; su- perior wings freckled with black, the base brown ; a brownish somewhat ear-shaped figure on the disc containing a long black spot, with a narrow irregular fascia between it and the base ; posterior margin with a dark brown fimbria, the internal margin sinuated, with a large whitish spot at the centre and a trigonate one at the apex, beneath which is a white dot and 7 crescents along the margin, with a strongly crenated white striga down the middle of the fimbria ; inferior wings with a dusky spot towards the base, and a pale fuscous fimbria with an ochreous tint. In the Cabinets of Mr. Wailes and the Author. The following insects may be formed into sections from the colouring of the wings, but I doubt if there be any constant essential characters to separate them. I have only a very bad specimen of E. piceata, but it seems to be as nearly allied to E. perfuscata as to E. sufftmata, and the insect here figured evidently connects E. ruptata and E. commanotata. The fol- lowing are the species as they stand in the Guide. 1. ruptata Huh.— Wood, Jig. 512.— Don. 14-. 4.79. 2.— Cory- lata TJnmb. ? 1 have a remarkable variety that I took in Scotland, making an approach to the following. 2. albocrenata Curt. B. E. pi. 603 ? , scarcely larger than life. This is another of the fine species discovered by Mr. Wailes, who took it, I believe, at Castle Eden Dean. '6. piceata Ste. — Wood, 583. Taken in Northumberland and Yorkshire. 4. suff'umata Hiib. — Wood, 582. 5. silaceata Hub. — Wood, 571. — insulata Ham. var. — cuneata Don. 14. 487. 2. 6. Prunata Li7in. — Wood, 581. — Don. 7. 233. 1. 7. commanotata Hmso. 325. 26. — Wood, 577. 8. perfuscata Hww. — Wood, 580. 4" 579. — saturata Ste. vars. 9. centumnotata Fab. — Wood, 578. — russata Hilb. pi. 59. / 305. 86. 445. var. 10. marmoratai^bi^. — Wood, 574. 4" 575. — amaenataS^e. var. — omicronata Don. 15. 510. 1. var. U. immanata Hatso. 323. 22. — Wood, 573. 12. boreata Curt. — concinnata Ste.? — Wood, 576. Allied to E. imvianata; but the superior wings are more marbled ; the narrow ferruginous fascia at the base is obscure and not angulated, tei"minating in a white horse-shoe on the inner margin ; the broad central fascia is not solid, but grey in tlie middle, and the posterior margin is darker than in E. im- manata. I first discovered this beautiful species the 7tli of August 1825, on rocks near Arrachar in Scotland, in company with Mr. Dale, and I have never found it elsewhere. 13. comitata Linn. — Wood, 587. — Chenopodiata 14. Populata Linn. — Wood, 590. 15. testata Linn. — Wood, 592 (J. 593 ?. — achatina Hiib. 58. 301 S. 79. 408 9. 16. Spinachiata Haw. — Wood, 591. — marmorata 17. Pyraliata jFiiwS. — Wood, 594. — populata /iZaiu. 18. fulvata — Wood, 561. — sociBXa. Fab. The beautiful Plant figured, Pinguicula grandiflora (Large- flowered Butterwort), is abundant, as well as the other 2 spe- cies, at the base of the mountains around the lakes of Killarney, but in July I could find only one specimen in Jlower on the western side of Mangerton near the base. Miss Jennings of Cork informed me she had obtained the P. grandijiora with white flowers. 4 32// 324. LARISSA IMBUTATA. The dyed treble-bar Moth. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidas Lat., Leach. Type of the Genus, Phalaena plagiata Linn. Larissa JVo6. — Aspitates «f Larentia Treit. — Anaitis Goda, — Pha- Ifena Linn., Haw., 8fc, Antenna inserted on the crown of the head close to the eyes, slender, and setaceous in both sexes, basal joint scarcely larger than the following, which are clothed with scales above and pu- bescent beneath (1). Maxilla as long as the antennse, very spiral and furnished with a few tentacula at the apex (3). Labial Palpi porrected a little obliquely, extending beyond the head, compressed, rather obtuse, clothed with short and broad scales, the terminal joint a little apparent (4) : triarticulate, basal joint curved, rather longer and stouter than the 2nd ; which is straight and slightly attenuated^ 3rd joint small and conical (4 a). Head small and globose. Eyes globular (7 a). Abdomen rather short and slender, obtuse in the males, conical at the apex in the females. Wings forming a triangle when at rest, entire, superior ample and lanceolate, inferior rather narrow. Legs long and slender. Coxae; anterior very long. Thighs ; middle pair rather the longest. Tibiae j anterior exceedingly short, with an internal spine, the qthers long and spurred, the hinder pair with spurs below the middle. Tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint very long, penultimate as long as the terminal one. Claws and Pulvilli distinct (8, afore leg). Larvae loopers, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet? Imbutata Hub. Geom. pi. 78. f. 403. Pale bright grey. Superior wings with 2 oblique brown waved bands, forming a bar across the middle, generally meeting about the centre, the outer one being very much indented externally ; near the base is a brown striga and a pale wave ; near the apex upon the costa, a brown spot, and from the apex arises a waved band extending to the posterior angle, and forming a double arch 5 from the posterior margin, which is dotted with black, arises a fine rosy blush. Body and inferior wings cinereous, the latter with an obscure dot towards the base, and an undulated pale wave across the middle. Cilia spotted brown and white, particularly of the superior wings. In the Author's and other Cabinets. TiiEiTSCHKE has formed a large and incongruous genus, which he has called Larentia, — a name I shall reserve for his type {Geom. cervinata Hiib., the G. clavaria of Haw.) audits con- geners. The typical species of our genus is the fourth of Treitschke's Larentiae ; but he neither notices the Geom. prcE- formata nor the G. imhutata of Hiib. that I can find : and G. ccesiata and G.Jlavicindata of Hiib. are more nearly allied to G. Alchemillata Linn. I should have adopted Mons. Dupouchel's name, but I am uncertain what species he intends to include in his genus Anai'tis. Larissa comprises the following British insects. 1. L. plagiata Linn. — Havo. 318. 8. — duplicata Fab. — Don. 7. 233. 2. This handsome moth is not uncommon amongst Fern, espe- cially in chalky districts. The beginning of June and Sep- tember I have found it in Norfolk ; at Coombe Wood, Surrey ; and Linton, North Devon : and Mr. Dale observed it the end of June in Scotland. The Caterpillar feeds upon Hypericum 'perforatum. 2. L. praeformata Hiil). Geom. pi. 103. f. 532, 533. The only specimen I have seen of this fine moth I believe I captured by Coombe Wood. It may be distinguished from the foregoing species by its larger and less acute wings, and by their richer colour : and the waved bar near the base, and that arising at the apex, are ahnost as strong as the two cen- tral ones ; so that it is 5-barred. 3. L. imbutata Hiib. — Curtis Brit. Ent. pi. 324. Mr. Dale had the good fortune first to discover this beau- tiful moth amongst some heath, as we were walking from In- versnaid to Loch Katrine, the 8th of August, 1 825 : it has since been taken by Mr. R. Wood near Manchester, to whom I am indebted for some lovely specimens. 4. L. petrata jF/fltt;. 34;4<. 84. — Hiib. Geom. 2L 113. — vir- garia Borkh. This species perhaps will associate better with Geom. lignata and lineolata Hiib. It is found the end of May and beginning of June in great abundance amongst Fern. The plant is Campanula roturidifolia (Round-leaved Bell- flower). I 62:3. PHIBALAPTERYX VIRGATA. The oblique-Carpet likeness. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae. Type of the Genus Georaetra lineolata Hub. PHIBALAPTERYX Step. — Lozogramma Curt. — Aspilates and Acidalia Och. — Larentia Goda. — Georaetra Hiib. — Phalsena Haw. Antenn.J'. 277. — cognata Step. Dull ochreous ; wings with numerous dark and pale lines ; superior with a dark streak to the discoidal dot, and another oblique one beyond it, forming a fascia; posterior margin brown,' with a pale sti-eak at the apex ; inferior with 3 or 4 straight bands, a crenated dark line and a pale one : 13 lines. My specimen came, I believe, from Cambridgeshire, and I think I once took it at Horning in Norfolk. 7. vitalbata Hiib. — Wood,/. 613. Fulvous with numerous darker and lighter lines ; a broad brown streak passing obliquely from the apex of the upper wings across them and through the inferior : 17 lines. End of May, June, hedges. Birch and Darent Woods, and also with No. 8, in chalky districts, where Clematis vitalba abounds. 8. tersata Hiib. S .— Wood, f. 612.-— ^mulata Hiib. 9 . Brownish fulvous with numerous dark lines dotting the nervures, and paler ones, especially on the inferior ; superior with an oblique brown patch beyond the middle, and an outlined fascia and a dark streak be- fore the middle, extending across the base of the inferior wings and the abdomen : 16 lines. The larva feeds on Clematis vitalba (pi. 342) in September and October. Potentilla verna (Spring Cinquefoil) was communicated by Mr. T. Howson, from Giggleswick, Yorkshire. 416. MELANIPPE BLOMERI. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae. Type of the Genus, Phalsena Alcliemillata Linn. Melan'ippe Goda, Curt. — Emmelesia Ste., Curt. — Larentia & Aci- dalia Treit. and Goda. — Cidaria Treit. — Geometra Hub. AntenncE inserted on each side the crown of the head, close to the eyes, short and setaceous, composed of numerous joints, clothed with scales above and ciliated beneath, especially in the males (1 (J). MaxUlcp spiral and slender, shorter than the antennae (3). Labial Palpi small, not visible from above, porrected horizontally, sparingly clothed with short scales, the apex acute (4) ; triarti- culate, basal joint the longest and stoutest, curved at the base, 2nd oblong, not much longer than the 3rd which is oval (4 a). Head small, the scales on the face very close. Eyes globose. Wings expanded when at rest, entire, superior trigonate, inferior rather narroio and rounded. Abdomen short, slightly tufted in both sexes. Legs alike in the sexes. Thighs slender, posterior a little tlie longest. Tibiae, anterior short with a long spine on the inside, intermediate spurred at the apex, posterior with a pair of unequal spurs at the apex and another pair just above them (8t). T&rai 5-jointed, an- terior a little the longest. Pulvilli and Claws minute. Larvae loopers, dilated in the middle, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal, and 2 anal feet. Hiib. Obs. the dissections and description are taken from M. sylvata Hiib. Blomeri Dale's MSS. — Curtis's Guide, Gen. 937. Pale gray, freckled with minute black scales j underside of an- tenna? subochreous : eyes black, face dark brown : superior wings with a black striga and a faint fulvous one at the base, and a short longitudinal dotted line ; a double blackish spot on the costa before the middle, a broken striga beyond it, extending to the posterior angle where it is double, the whole of the tip fulvous, with a waved striga across the middle, the internal margin edged with black, the posterior margin gray with an obscure crenated black striga the whole breadth of the wing, the edge of the pos- terior margin having a chain of 8 black dots ; cilia dirty ochre : inferior wings with an ochreous tint bearing several transverse suffused fuscous bands, darkest at the abdominal margin, a broad double one across the middle and another parallel and near to the external margin which also bears a chain of blackish spots. In the Cabinets of Mr. Wailes, Captain Blomer, and the Author. After a careful investigation of this group I find a character hitherto unnoticed, which will enable me to form 2 divisions. The species figured is undoubtedly allied to M. sylvata, both being distinguished by a dark brown face, and the structure of the legs is perfectly alike. * Posterior tibiiE with two pair of spurs. 1. M. ericetata Curt. — Ste. pi. 32. f. 2. — Obs. the numbers in his Plate are transposed. Discovered by Mi'. Dale and myself, the middle of July 1825, amongst heath near the base of Schehallion ; taken since in Cumberland in June. 6. M. albulata F. — Hub. Geo. pi. 50. /. 257- — Beginning of June, be- ginning of August. Pastures round London, in Cumberland, Hants, &c. 7. M. rivulata Hub. 50. 259. — nassata Fab. — End of June. Copenhagen Fields, Norfolk, and Ambleside. 8. M. Alchemillata L.} — Not the Alchemillata of Hiibner as stated by Mr. Stephens, which is probably P. subtristata. I think it is only a suffused variety of the following. 8». M. turbata Hub. 49. 255. — Rare. 12. M. decolorata Hilb. 47. 243. — ^The whole of June, pathways in woods round London, in Hants, Northumberland, &c. 13. M. luteata F. — centrata F. — flavostrigata Don. 11. 386. 1. & 2. — End of May, end of June ; open places in woods, Darent, Dover, Newcastle, &c. 14. M. candidata Hiib. 19. 101. — immutata F. — candidulata Haw. — End of May ; open places. Coomb Wood, J. C. — Northumberland, &c. 15. M. sylvata Hub. 44. 231. — testaceata Don. 14. 487. 1. — End of May; chalky places and woods, Kent, and Coomb Wood. 15=1. M. Blomeri Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 416. — Mr. Dale informs me that Captain Blomer bred a specimen of this nondescript in the autumn of 1830. For my specimen I am indebted to my friend Mr. Wailes, who took several " the 4th and 5th July at Castle Eden Dene, Durham, amongst Birch and Alders by the side of the beck that runs through a dene formed in magnesian lime- stone." 9. M. bifasciata Haw. 334. 56. — Birch wood; end of Augiast; hedges, Dover, J. C. — Cambridge, and end of June, Scotland. 9". M. taeniata Ste. pi. 32. f. 3. — July, Cumberland. 10. M. unifasciata Haw. 335. 57. — Not the G. Salicata Hiib., which is a Zerynthia. Beginning of August, open places in woods. Wester- ham, Kent. ** Posterior tibiae with one pair of spurs only. 2. M. Monticola Curt. Guide. The only specimen I have seen, I took the 4th August 1825, on a hill near Oban, Argyleshire. 3. M. blandiata Hub. 50. 258. — June? near Callendar, Perthshire, Mr. Walker. 4. M. rusticatajP. — Hiib. 4:6. 241. — June, thick woods and paling, Coombe and Kent. 5. M. trigonata Haw. 338. 68. — Beginning of August, Westerham, Kent, and June, Cumberland. I am not certain that this belongs to our genus. Cypripedium Calceolus (European Ladies' Slipper). This beautiful specimen was communicated by Mrs. Murchison, who informed me that the plant was found wild at Castle Edeii Dene, and transplanted into a garden at Petersfield, Hants. I 384. ACIDALIA DEGENERARIA. The Portland ribbon Wave. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalaenidae. Type of the Genus, Phalsena aversata Linn. AciDALiA Treit. — Dosithea Dup. — Ptychopoda Steph., Curt. Guide Gen. 938.— Phalsena Linn. Jntennce msevted on each side the crown of the head, rather short, setaceous, composed of numerous joints, clothed with scales above, hairy or ciliated beneath, especially in the males (1). Maxilla spiral, slender, nearly as long as the antennae (3). Labial Palpi small, porrected horizontally, sparingly clothed with short scales (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint curved, the longest, 3rd the shortest ovate-conic (4 a). Head transverse, the scales on the face not projecting beyond the large globose Eyes (7). Wings extended horizontally when at rest, supe- rior elongate trigonate, inferior rounded, the margin entire. Coxae, anterior long. Thighs slender, posterior very short. Tibiae, anterior short, with an internal spine, intermediate spurred at the apex, pos- terior hollow in the male, inclosing a long brush of hairy scales on the inside, which are sometimes expanded like a fan (Sf) ; termi- nated by a pair of spurs in the female (8 9). Tarsi 5 -jointed, anterior very long, posterior very short in the male. Claws and Pulvilli concealed beneath the projecting scales. Larvag loopers, without tubercles, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet. DKGENERARiAfTMfc. Geom.pl. II .f. 57 . 7nas. — Dup.v.S.pl.l75.4.var. Female pale fuscous ochre ; face dull chestnut, crown of head whitish : superior wings with the costa red, a reddish brown fascia a little before the middle, with a black dot towards the costa, the edges waved, between it and the posterior margin are 2 parallel sinuated fuscous strigae, the inner one angulated and divaricating at the costa ; and at the base of the cilia is a fuscous line : inferior wings with the reddish brown fascia continued across them and occupying the base, beyond it and near the centre is a black dot, the two waved strigae are also continued round these wings but are further apart and there is a third one scarcely visible, cilia the same as in the other wings. In the Cabinet of the Author. In my Guide I adopted Mr. Stephens's name for this genus ; and supposing that he had studied the group I followed his arrangement of the species, leaving out his division C, which evidently had nothing to do with the others ; he has subse- quently divided these 21 species into two genera not formed of his own divisions but of species from both, transferring siib- roseata to Timandra, and taking the hint from me has cast off the 4- last species, of wliich he has matle two more genera, so that the genus in his Catalogue is now distributed through five genera. As Treitschke first called the group Acidalia, and I am not disposed to divide it into several genera, I must abandon the name Ptychopoda employed in my Guide; and finding Mr. Ste- phens's last arrangement the most correct, I shall follow it here, making such additions and corrections as may be necessary. 1. A. dilutata Haw. — dilutaria Hub. 19. 100? — reversaria Treit., Bup. pi. 173. 3. July and August, skirts of woods and hedges, common. A. fimbriolata and A. cinereata Ste. are probably varieties : the G. de- coraria Hiih. referred to in Mr. Stephens's Catalogue, does not even belong to this division, and I have never heard of its being taken in England. 2. A. lividata Linn. — scutularia Huh. 14. 72. Beginning of June and July, hedges. 3. A. bisetata Treit., Dup. 173. 4. — trigeminata JTaw. — scutularia Hilh. 14.73. End of May and June, hedges and chalky places, Darent. 4. °A. ornataria Huh. 14. 70. — Dup. 173. 1. — paludata Sam. June and July, chalky places, Darent, &c. 5. A. contiguaria Hub. 20. 105. — b. July, Wrentham, Suffolk. June, walls, Norwich. — ra. August, Dover, grassy places. 6. A. incanata Linn. — immutaria Huh. 20. 108. — Roesel, v. 1. Class iii. tab. 11. End of August, on Colt's-foot at Barton Cliff, Hants; Beginning of September, on stones. Isle of Wight. 7. A. imrautata Linn. — sylvestraria Huh. 18. 97- — punctaria Dup. 177. 3 ? July, marshy places, Norfolk and Whittlesea-mere. 8. A. rubricar'ia? Huh. 21. 111. & 94. 487. Mr. J. Standish took one the beginning of August flying in the day in the North Foreland Mea- dow, Dover. I doubt if it belong to this genus. 9. A. ossearia Hub. 19- 102. — subochreata Ste. var. End of June, hedges and woods, Darent, &c. 10. A. marginepunctata Ste. Taken in the New Forest by J. C. Dale, Esq. 11. A. virgularia Hub. 19. 104. var. — b. July, hedges, common. 12. A. subsericeata //aw. July, open places in Darent Wood. 13. A. inornata Haw. Taken with the last. 14. A. aversata Linn., Huh. 11. 56. The other figure referred to by Mr. Stephens is an Eupithecia ! — m. July ; b. September, common in shady groves. 15. A. remutata Linn. Found with the last. 16. A. degeneraria i/wS. — -Curt. B. E. pi. 384. /em. The only specimen I have seen of this rare moth I found on a block of stone at the back of the Isle of Portland the 24th of last June in company with my friend Mr. Dale. 17. A. fuliginata Haio. June, near London. 18. A. fumata Curt, was taken on heaths near Schehallion and in the Black Wood, Loch Rannoch the 12th and 14th July 1825, by Mr. Dale and myself, and was one of the 23 species of Lepidoptei-a that were first discovered by us in Scotland in the course of a few weeks. 19- A. lactata Haw. — sublactata Haw. var. End of May, shady groves, common. The G. sericeata of Hilh. referred to by Mr. Stephens is not a British insect. 20. A. floslactata Haw. — remutaria Huh. 18. 98. End of May ; b. June, shady groves. 21. A. pallidaria Hub. 18. 96. The only British specimen I have seen of this, I received from Kent. It is totally different to my A. fumata, to which Mr. Stephens has referred it. The Plant is Rubus cccsius (Dew-berry). The fruit has been represented in Plate 356. 132. MACARIA LITURATA. The Tawny-barred Angle. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. PhaltEuidaa LaL, Leach. Type of the Genus Phalaena liturata Lmt. Macaria Nob. — Phalisna Linn., Fab., Haw. — Geometra Hiib. AntenncE inserted between the eyes, near to the back of the head, setaceous, long and slender in both sexes, composed of numerous elongated joints, each being covered above with 2 series of scales, pilose beneath (fig. 1 a, represents 2 joints of the female) ; in the males they are produced on the internal side, which gives them a serrated appearance (1). Maxilla not so long as the antennae (3). Labial palpi 2, projecting very little beyond the head, obtuse, covered with scales (4.4), 3-jointed, basal joint the longest^ slightly curved, 2nd large elongate-ovate, 3rd small subovate (4 a). Head small. Eyes globose (7). Abdomen rather short, linear in the males, somewhat conical in the females. Wings entire, extended hori- zontally when at rest; superior sligliily falcate, sometimes with the posterior margin indented near the apex ; inferior angulated. Thighs covered with short scales. Tibiae ; anterior scarcely longer than the basal joint of the tarsus, having a small spine on the internal side ; middle pair terminated by spurs ; posterior more robust in the males than females, with 2 pair of spurs, a suture down the inside, from which can be exserted a long fascicle of hair which does not extend beyond the apex. Tarsi 5 -jointed, posterior short in the male. Claws distinct, acute. Pulvilli small (8 f hind leg of male). LarvcB loopers, with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Liturata Linn. Faun. Suec. 1273. — Haw. Lep. Brit. p. 346. n. 92. Lilac with a rosy tinge, minutely spotted with black. Head, anterior margin of thorax and an obscure fascia on the superior wings, near the posterior margin ochraceous ; 3 transverse lines upon the same, the 2nd and 3rd of which are continued across the inferior, fuscous irregularly spotted with black 5 apex cine- reous with a lunar ferruginous spot : inferior wings with a fim- bria of lilac colour. Abdomen ochraceous at the margins, with a double row of black spots down the back. Beneath orange spotted with brown ; superior wings whitish at the tips, inferior with a fimbria of the same colour. In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale, Mr. Stephens, and the Author. It has often occurred to me that the Phalcenida; might with great propriety be divided into 2 famihes, one having the an- tenna; of the males pectinated, the other with the antennae simple; the former might be denominated Geometridce, the latter remain as PhalmiidcE. Of those with pectinated antennae we have already described the genus Alois ,- and the present group, which we propose calling Macaria, appears to form a parallel to that genus in the division with simple antennae. Mr. Stephens has formed an admirable genus in his cabinet, which he calls Pti/chopoda, making Phalccna dilutata Haw. the type, including P. immutata and aversata Linn, and their congeners. Macaria will follow those, and contains — 1 M. emarginata Fab. — rumigerata Don. 14. 4-93. 2. 2 imitata nob. — imitaria Hiib., Haw. 3 dimidiata Haw. — 4-punctata Don, 14-. 493. 3? 4 preenotata Haxv. — liturata Hub. 5 notata Linn. 6 prasatomata Haw. 7 liturata Linn. — alternaria, litm*aria Hub. The following species are closely allied, although they want some of the characters. 8 M. heparata Hilb., Haw. 9 Thymiata nob. — Thymiaria Linn. — vernaria Don. Br. Ins. 9. 310. 10 clathrata Linn. 11 maculata Fab. — macularia Linn., Don. 7. 251. 3. 12 4-maculata Haw., Ent. Trans, tab. 6. f. 2. 13 bimaculata Fab. — Taminai'ia Hilb. 14 punctata Fab. — nubeculata Haw. — Temeraria Hub. Macaria liturata lives in the deepest recesses of fir planta- tions where the sun can scarcely penetrate, resting in the day upon the trunks of the trees. It was first recorded as a British insect by Mr. Haworth in his Lep. Brit., who at that time had seen but one specimen : Mr. Dale has since taken it in plenty in a large and thick grove of Scotch firs at St. Leonards or Barnfield near Ringwood, Hampshire, 24th July 1824; and it has been this year taken by a collector in the same neighbourhood the end of June in a very fine condition. The plant is Lamium album (White Archangel). I I 508. OURAPTERYX SAMBUCARIA. The Swallow-tail Moth. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. PhalaenidtE. Type of the Genus, Geometra Sambucaria Linn. OuRAPTERYx Leoch, Sam., Curt. — AcEsna Och. — Urapteiyx Goda. — Phaleena Geometra Linn., Hub., Haw. Antenna; a little stouter in the male than female, long and seta- ceous, inserted close to the eyes on the crown of the head, clothed with scides above, very pubescent (not ciliated) be- neath (I). Labrum triangular (2). Mandibles horny ovate and ciliated internally (2). Maxilla nearly as long as the antennae, rather slender and spiral (3). Labial Palpi recurved, thickly clothed with scales, long beneath on the basal joint, the apical one just apparent, composed of 3 joints, 1st the longest and stoutest, curved, 2nd nearly as long, slender and slightly attenuated, 3rd minute ovate (4 and 4 a) . Male smaller than the female. Head small and short, densely clothed with short scales : eyes globose and lateral. Thorax tolerably robust, clothed with long silky hairs. Abdomen slender in the male, stouter in the female. Wings ample extended horizontally in repose, superior trigonate, the apex slightly acuminated, inferior extending beyond the body, acuminated at the middle and forming a tail, cilia very short. Legs rather long. Tibiae, anterior with a long twisted lanceolate spine on the inside, intermediate pair long and terminated by short spurs, posterior longer and robust, with a bundle of fine long silken, hairs on the inside, protected in a groove, with a pair of short spurs at and another pair above the apex (Sf hind leg). Larvae, loopers with 6 pectoral, 2 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Sambucaria Linn. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 940. 1. Pale yellow ; underside of antennae and maxUlae ferruginous ; face and palpi ferruginous-brown; eyes pitchy; wings with transverse pale brownish lines, more crowded and strongest towards the posterior margin; superior with two yellowish brovm strigae across the centre, with a very slender crescent of the same colour between them, the outer striga concave, the inner one nearly straight and continued across the inferior wings almost to the anal angle ; on these wings there are two scarlet spots at the base of each tail, the margins freckled with black, the inner one often very minute ; cilia orange, bright in the under wings. In the Author's and other Cabinets. The interesting history of Urania and the valuable illustrations lately published in the Transactions of the Zoological Society, from the able pen and pencil of Mr. W. S. MacLeay, induced me to examine Ourapteryx, some species of which are said to inhabit Surinam, and probably other countries where Urania is found, which it considerably resembles in its contour, and even the spots on the under wings seem to be borrowed from the Papilionidae to adorn this elegant Moth. There is, how- ever, no affinity between Urania and Ourapteryx, the former being allied to the Hesperidae and the latter belonging to the true Phalaenidae : it is evidently related to my Genus Macaria (pi. 132.), and like many others of this family the posterior tibiae are dilated and furnished with long hairs on the inside. The larva is a true looper, and the manner in which the case, formed of leaves to inclose the pupa, is suspended, like the nests of some birds, is very remarkable. The chrysalis seems to be furnished at the tail with an elongated bifid hook, at- taching it most likely to the case, by which means the moth is better enabled to extricate itself when it is hatched. Sepp's beautiful figures of the larvae do not quite agree with those of Hubner, from whom ours is copied, as well as the plant, cocoon and pupa (fig. P.), and this is represented by Sepp much more like the chrysalis of a Papilio. The antennae are described by Linnseus as pectinated, and by Dr. Leach as somewhat ciliated, but they are merely densely clothed beneath with short oblique hairs. O. Sambucaria is distributed over the whole of Europe, and is by no means uncommon in most places in this country in gardens and hedges, the beginning of July: at SwafFham Prior in Cambridgeshire Dr. Jermyn observes it in abundance in his Garden, and Mr. Simmons has frequently found it in Huntingdonshire in White-thorn hedges in the evening, generally after a shower of rain. The favourite food of the Caterpillar is the Common Elder [Sambucus nigra), but it feeds also on the leaves of many other plants, as the Jasmine, the Privet, the Sallow, and, I presume, the Gooseberry, as Hubner has represented the Caterpillars feeding on that bush. « 555. PLATYPTERYX FALCATARIA. The Pebble Hook-tip Moth. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Phalteniclae. Type of the Genus, Phalaena falcataria Linn. Platypteryx Lasp.,Och.,Goda,Curt. — Urepana Schr., Lasp.,Curt. — Syssaura and Bombyx Hub. — Falcaria Haio. — Phalaena Linn. AntenncE inserted close to the eyes on the crown of the head, short, bipectinated in the male (1) ; simple or slightly bipectinate in the female (1 $ ): the branches ciliated internally. MaxillcB short, broad and leathery, formed of 2 lobes curved at the apex, where the internal margin is slightly ciliated (3). Labial Palpi small, hairy and recurved, appearing like a pencil of hairs (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint the longest and stoutest, straight, 2nd curved, 3rd nearly as long as the 2nd, compressed and sublanceolate (o). Head very short, clothed with depressed scales : eyes lateral and sub- globose (7). Thorax sinall and clothed with depressed scales. Ab- domen short and slender, especially in the males. "Wings nearly horizontal {or triangular according to Sepp) in repose, superior ample and more or less falcated, sometimes indented : inferior gene- rally rounded. Tibiae, anterior ivith an internal spine near the apex, the others spurred, the hinder pair sometimes with spurs above the apex (8 c^): tarsi rather stout and 5-jointed : claws small. Larva tuberculated, with 6 pectoral and 8 abdominal feet. Pupce, contained in a cocoon, inclosed in a partially roUed leaf. Falcataria Linn. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 943. 1. Ochreous, sometimes brownish ; superior wings with 2 denti- culated brown strigse near the base and another angulated one beyond the middle, with a roundish slate-coloured spot on the disc and 2 dots above it, an oblique brown line sometimes suf- fused issuing from the apex, with an indented line, curved at the tip, where it is purplish, and running parallel to the cilia which are brown : inferior wings with 4 denticulated strigEE and a serrated line round the posterior margin, with a row of dusky spots above. Abdomen banded with fuscous. In the Author's and other Cabinets. The remarkable Larvae so much resembling those of Ceriira (the Puss and Kitten Moths, fol. 193.), and the perfect Insects so very like the Atlas Moth in miniature, led some naturalists to associate this group with the Bombycidae ; but I think Pla- typteryx is more allied to the Phalaenidae, and that the place assigned to them in the Guide is more natural : at the same time it is worth observing, that whilst in that species most re- sembling the Atlas Moth the maxillae are more like those of the Bombycidae, when they are present in that family ; in those removed from the type they are well developed and spiral. The following sections appear to me to be much more useful than dividing this group into two genera on the mere outline of the wings. A. Posterior tibiae armed with one pair of spurs. * Superior wings denticulated. 1. P. lacertinaria /.mw. — Z)ow.7.251.2. — sc[ncu\a.Hub.Bomb. 12. 50. — curvula Haw. and cultraria Lea. vars. End of May, Birch-trees; « March 7th, 1801, in Mr. Li- vius's garden, Bedford, Dr. Abbot;" Teignmouth, Captain Blomer: Bere-wood, Dorset, Mr. Streatfield; June 30th, Castle Eden Dene, Mr. Wailes. — cultraria, July 22nd, Elsing- ton-wood, Dorset, Mr. Dale. Larva end of September on Birch-trees. ** Superior wings falcated but entire. 2. falcataria Linn. — Curt. B. E. pi. 555 S • — Sc/'p, v. 2. t.\2. — falcula Hill). 11. 44. Middle of May, middle of June, and beginning of August, Birch-wood; New Forest, Parley Copse, and Cranborne Chace, Mr. Dale ; Stover-woods, Devon, Capt. Blomer ; and Yorkshire. The beautiful specimen figured was taken, I be- lieve, at Kinnordy by Mr. C. Lyell. The larva, an outline of which is added, is found in August on the Birch, Alder, Trembling Poplar, Sallow, and Oak. B. Posterior tibiae armed with two pair of spines. Maxillae more developed and perfect. 3. hamula /^lii. 12. 4e.4'4'7. — Goda, 140. 3. — falcataJFa6. — sicula Sepp, v. 2. t. 16. Middle of July, Oak-woods; flying in the day in Birch- wood the middle of last May, Mr. J. Standish ; end of May and beginning of June, Clapham Park Wood and Enborne. Larva on Oak and Birch-trees. 4. uncula i^M^. 12. 45. Indicated in the Syst. Cat. as a var. of the foregoing, but I know no reason for considering it as such, neither am I aware of any British specimen existing in our Cabinets. Haworth refers with doubt to the above figure as synonymous with Mr. Swainson's Insect. 5. unguicula Hiib. 12. ^S.-^Goda, 140. 4. — sicula Esp. June, Richmond Park : Mr. B. Standish says the males fly about like Orgyia antiqua (fol. 378) ; near Beech, New Forest, beginning of May, and at Glanville's Wootton and Middle- marsh end of May and beginning of June, Mr. Dale. Larva on Oak, Beech, and Black-thorn. 6. fasciata Step. — uncula Haw. Taken in England by Mr. Swainson. The Plant is Arbutus Uvaursi (Bearberries) in fruit, with an outline of the flower. r HALIAS QUERCANA. The Green or scarce silver-lines. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidae. Type of the Genus, Tortrix Quercana Hiib. Halias Treit., Dpnchl., Curt. — Cloephora Step. — Hylophila Hiib., Step. — Earis Hiib. — Pyralis Fab. — Tortrix Linn., Haw. Antennce inserted close to the eyes on the crown of the head, capillary, rather short and slender, composed of ohlong joints, each with 2 bristles and 2 layers of scales outside, pubescent within (1), basal joint stout and subturbinate, terminal one ovate-conic, acuminated and pilose. Maxillee spiral and much longer than the palpi, the apex fur- nished with tentacula (3). Palpi very minute (3 a). Labial palpi porrected obliquely beyond the head, clothed with short scales (4), distinctly triarticulate, basal joint long and curved, 2nd linear not stouter, nor twice as long, 3rd more slender, homy, subelliptic and compressed, with a callous spot at the apex (4 a) . Head transvei'se-ovate : eyes prominent and orbicular (7, head in pro- file') : ocelli minute. Thorax clothed with rather long depressed hairy scales. Abdomen conical at the apex, rather obtuse in the males. Wings gently deflexed and forming a triangle in repose, superior broad, the costa curved, apex truncated obliquely, cilia very short ; inferior wings rather small, rounded, cilia short : tibise, an- terior with a broad internal spine, the others terminated by unequal spurs, hinder very long and stout, with a pair of spurs also beloio the middle : tarsi 5 -jointed, posterior with series of spines beneath (8 f hind leg) . Larvae naked, slightly attenuated to the tail, with 6 pectoral, 8 abdo- minal and 2 anal feet. Pupae obtuse, inclosed in boat-shaped cocoons, closely and firmly made with silk, upon the leaves of trees. QuEHCANA Hub. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 945. 2. In the Author's and other Cabinets. Mr. Stephens in his Illustrations says he has " adopted the name employed hy Hiibner (viz. Hylophila) in preference to that of Treilschke (Hahas), both on the score of priority, and to avoid the confusion by using a word far too similar to Halia." Mr, Stephens is singularly unfprtunate in his corrections, for Hiibner's name has been for many years employed by Mr. Kirby to designate a genus of Hemiptera, which has been adopted by Mr. Stephens in his Systematic Catalogue. These beautiful insects, which are the largest of the familj', cannot be surpassed in the charming combination of green and white in which they are clothed. The caterpillars form com- pact cocoons, like a boat, sometimes with the keel uppermost, instead of rolling the leaf up as practfsed by the genuine Tor- tricidae. Although there are only 3 British species, they vary con- siderably in their form, &c., and by the following divisions it will be seen that if the last be established as a genus, the other two have equal claims to the same distinction. It is remark- able that all English writers, until the error was corrected in my Guide, had misnamed the two first species. The mistake originated in Fabricius; but it is singular, after the observation made by Donovan, and the clear description of Linnaeus in his Faun. Suec, that Haworth and other writers should not have seen their error. * Antennae tapering to the base and apex. Palpi slightly hairy. 1. H. prasina Linn. — Fragana Fab. — Don. 8. 281. — Sylvana Fab. White, head and thorax green, lateral lobes margined with white: superior wings pea-green, with 3 oblique white lines, that reach- ing the apex curved; cilia, costa, outside of legs and antennae bright red in the male: expansion of wings 18 lines. From the end of May to end of July, paths in woods round London, also in Durham, Bedford, Kent, and Devon. Fen- wood, Hants; near Newbury; New Forest and Glanville's Wootton ; Mr. Dale. Larva in Aug. and Sept. on Beech, Birch, Alder, and Oak. ** Antennae setaceous. Palpi clothed with short scales, 2. Quercana Hilb. — Curt. Brit. Fnt. pi. 575. — prasinana i^aJ. White ; clypeus, outside of palpi, antennae and anterior legs bright red, crown of head, thorax (except the anterior margin), and su- perior wings of a fine uniform grass green, 2 fine oblique white lines across the centre, the costa and cilia white also. Seldom so large as the figure. From middle of June to middle of July, Coomb, Birch, and Darent Woods; once found in Durham, Glanville's Wootton and Middle Marsh ; Mr. Dale. Larva on Oaks and Alders, in May and September. *** Palpi rather stouter, 2nd joint more scaly. 3. Clorana Linn. — Hiib. 25. 160. White; thorax, excepting the collar, green; superior wings of the same colour, with a broad space on the costa at the base and the cilia white : expansion 11 lines. Beginning of June, Willow-beds, near Norwich and Parley Heath, Hants; 19th July, Whittlesea Mere, J. C. Battersea Fields, and the banks of the Thames at Woolwich, Plumstead and Erith, in Kent. From M. Duponchel we learn that the larva is found in France, the end of July and beginning of August, on various Sallows, feeding amongst the leaves at the extremity of a twig or branch, which it unites with threads. Obs. The larva, pupa, and oak-leaves are copied from Hlibner; the moth and cocoon are from nature. c^^c^fg:^^ ...mag 763. TORTRIX GALIANA. The Sweet Gale Tortrix. Order Lepidoptera, Fam. Tortricidae. • Ti/pe of the Genus, Tortrix viridaiia Linn. TouTRix Linn., Hub., Haw., Och., Goda, Curt. — Pyralis Lat., Fab. — Lozotfenia S; Ditula Step. Antenna: inserted on the crown of the head, shorter than the body, setaceous, stoutest in the males, and very pubescent be- neath (1 the base). Maxilla shorter than the labial palpi, formed of 2 rather broad spiral lobes (3). Palpi short, attached to a tubercle or scape, biarticulate, basal joint the largest, both ovate (3 a). Labial palpi large, porrected horizontally beyond the head, par- allel, densely clothed with scales, which form an arch or crest above and a keel beneath, projecting almost to the apex, on which the terminal joint rests (4) : triarticulate, basal joint short, curved, pyriform-truncate, 2nd very long and inflated beyond the middle, 3rd as long as the 1st; slender elliptical and slightly drooping (a). Head small, thickly tufted on the crown : eyes large and globose (7, the profile) . Thorax not crested. Abdomen linear, the apex tufted in the male, stouter, shorter, ovate and obtuse in the female. Wings forming an ovate triangle in repose : superior elliptic, the casta very much arched and rounded at the base, the apex truncated, sometimes a little falcated, posterior angle rounded : inferior wings a little in- dented near the apex : cilia short. Legs rather short and stout : tibiae, anterior very short, with a long internal spine, intermediate with a very long and a short spur at the apex, the others with 2 pair of spurs, one pair at the middle (Sf) : tarsi moderate and 5- jointed : claws and pulvilli minute. LarvEE with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet : Pupae with the abdominal segments serrated. Galiana Bent. MSS.—Curt. Guide, Gen. 946. 4. Male shining, yellowish mouse-colour : superior wings broad, elongate-trapezate with obscure ferruginous patches : inferior palest at the base ; cilia yellowish- white. ' Female subferrugi- nous ; superior wings slightly narrowed beyond the middle, the apex a little produced, faintly reticulated, with a broad oblique fascia across the middle, abbreviated, truncated and not reach- ing the posterior angle, and an obscure dash on the costa near the apex : inferior fuscous ; cilia and abdomen whitish-ochre. In the Cabinets of Mr. Bentley, Mr. Dale, and the Author. The group which best represents the Tortrices of Linnaeus is nearly allied to Halias, pi. .575 ; their wings repose in a similar attitude, but the maxillaj are much shorter, tlie palpi are horizontal and very different, and their metamorphoses vary very considerably : the same bi'oad triangular or ovate but depressed form of the wings wlien resting, distinguishes them from most of the other 'I'ortricidoe ; and from Feronea 541 and those genera which they most resemble in tliis respect, it is not so easy to separate them, except by tlie characters which the superior wings supply. Many of the Tortrices are very destructive to plants, some causing most extensive injury to the vines, especially in. France; others destroy our roses, and T. viridana sometimes com- pletely defoliates our oak-trees. The caterpillars roll them- selves up in the leaves, forming a tunnel open at both ends, and when disturbed they wriggle out, being very active, and iiill down suspended by a thread, which enables them to re- ascend when their alarm has ceased : they change to pupa? in the rolled leaf, the chrysalis being slightly held by a lew threads, but they vary considerably in their oeconomy. 1. viridana Linn. — Hiib. 25. 156. — Wood, pi. 29. 84<4'. 2. flavana Hub. 25. 157. — palleana Och. — PVood, 84-6. 3. unitana Hiih. 19. 123. — Viburnana Och. — JVood, 84-7. 4. Galiana Bent.— Curt. Brit. Ent. pj. 763. cj. ? . First noticed by Mr, Bentley, who took it, I believe, at Whittlesea Mere in July : I have captured both sexes on Par- ley heath, also near Kenmare and GlengarifF, and in the Isle of Skye in August, where I observed the terminal shoots of the Myrica spun together, probably by the larvae of this moth. 5. Forsterana Fab. — Wood, 848. 6. Avellana Linn.l — Sorbiana Hub. 18. 113. — Wood, 849. 7. Carpiniana 18. 116. — heparana Och. — Wood, 850. — fasciana and Pasquayana Fab. 8. Ribeana Hid). 18. Ui'.— Wood, 852. 9. Cerasana i/ji^. 19. 119. — Wood, 854. 10. Corylana Fab. — JVood, 855. — textana Hub. 18. 1 15. 11. Rosana Linn. — Wood, 861. c?. ? . 12. fulvana W. V. — Ameriana Linn. — Pyrastrana Hiib. 20. 124. var. — Gerningana Haw. 13. Oxyacanthana Hiib. 18. 117. — acerana Hiib. 19. 118. — variana Fal. — laevigana W. V. — fFood, 857. 14. BranderianaJ!/m?i.? — Wood,S62. — Crataegana^^w6.17.107. 15. Roborana Hiib. 20. 125. ? .— V16. S — JVood. 864.— Xy- losteana Treit. 16. XylosteanaLn7?i. — Wood,863. — characterana/fwi.20.125. 17. oporana jE/mw. — Hub. 18. 112. — Wood, 860. — Herman- niana W. V. 18. costana Fab.l — JVood, 866. — Gnomana Hub. 21. 131. — Betulana Hon, — Spectrana Och. 19. Grotiana Fab. — Wood, 871.— flavana Hub. 21. 133.— Ochreana Hub. 21. 134. 20. croceana Hub. 19. VlO.— Wood, 856. 21. sylvana Hub. 20. 128. — Wood, 902. 22. cruciana Linn. — Wood, 873. — cineranajpai. ? — angustana Hub. 32. 205. 23. angustiorana Haw. — Wood, 879. — rotundana Haw. The pilose antennae of the male will induce me to refer this species to my genus Amphisa. The plant is Myrica Gale, Sweet Gale or Dutch Myrtle. 4b 209. AMPHISA WALKERANA. Ordek Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidse Leach. Type of the Genus Tortrix pectinana Hub. Amphisa Noh. — ^Tortrix Hub. AntenncE remotej inserted close to the eyes (fig. I) j setaceous, bipectiiiated, each joint producing 2 equal branches, gradually lengthening to the middle, each branch irregularly pilose (la) ; or the joints producing a tuft of hair on each side (lb). Maxillae short, not longer than the Palpi (3). Labial Palpi rather remote, porrected horizontally, considerably longer than the head, thickly clothed with scales, snbclavate (4), triarticulate, basal joint small drooping, 2d long horizontal, ro- bust, subclavate, 3d short, slender, slightly nutant (4 a and 4 b). Head rather broad. Eyes small. Abdomen tufted at the apex. Wings probably horizontal and forming a triangle when at rest ; superior longer than the body, narrowed at the base, truncated obliquely, costal margin slightly indented, discoidal cell open at the apex, the superior half producing only 6 nervures, the apical one being furcate at the extremity (9). Tibiae, anterior very short, posterior long, producing 2 spines at the apex and a pair at the middle. Tarsi 5-jointed. Caterpillars with 1 6 feet ? Walkerana iVo6. Pale gi-ayish ochre, sometimes fuscous. Antennae robust at the base, each joint producing tufts of hairs of unequal length (lb). Palpi hairy and less elongated than in the type (4 b). Head and thorax subferruginous j abdomen black, sprinkled with whitish scales, the apex tufted with ochreous hairs. Superior wings pale, sometimes dark gray, fuscous towards the base, with a large tri- angular subferruginous spot broadest at the costa, upon which is an oblique oblong gray spot and a small one at the apex : inferior wings ochraceous spotted with fuscous, darkest at the base. In the Cabinets of Mr. Walker and the Author. It frequently happens that very natural groups of Lepido- ptera cannot be formed into genera by the same rules as the other orders ; and as the caterpillars are frequently so very dissimilar even in kindred insects, that they cannot be de- pended upon in the combination of species, it becomes ex- tremely difficult to characterize them. As we believe that most valuable characters might be obtained from the attitudes and figures of the moths vi'hen at rest, from the disposition of their wings, abdomens, antennae and legs, especially amongst the Tortricidae andTineidae, we would recommend an attention to this subject. It may not be thought irrelevant to observe, that we believe from experience, that in all the other orders, the best sources of generic distinction are the trophi, antennae, and the nervures of the wings ; that species ought to be di- stinguished by form, sculpture, and disposition of colour, which latter character however, as well as size in most orders, is subject to great variations, and is the criterion of sex or varie- ties : this ought strongly to be impressed upon the mind of the student, because the ends of science will be better answered by generalizing than by dividing where it is not absolutely necessary. Of the genus described there are at present but two species, which may be distinguished from the rest of the family by their pectinated antennae. 1. A. pectinana Hub. pi. i7.Jl 108. In ascending Craig- challoch, near Killin, the 21st July 1825, I took a single specimen of this moth amongst the heath : about the same time Mr. Stone (who obligingly gave me specimens) received several from Birmingham ; and amongst some valuable insects cap- tured in Scotland, and communicated by Charles Lyell, Esq., was a specimen taken the beginning of last September in the neighbourhood of Kinnordy. 2. A. Walkerana Nob. Two specimens of this pretty moth which I have the pleasure of dedicating to the captor, were taken last summer near Lanark by Henry Walker, Esq., and transmitted to his brothers at Southgate, to whose friendship and liberality I am indebted for this and many other rarities. All the specimens of this genus hitherto discovered have pectinated antennae, and appear to be males. The plant is Cerastium latifolium (Broad-leaved rough Chickweed), which I met with on the mountains of Scotland and Westmoreland. I i 571. P^DISCA SEMIFASCIANA. The short-barred Grey Moth. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricldae. Type of the Genus, Tortrix profundana Wien. Verz. PiEDiscA Treit. — Tliirates Treit., Curt. — Eudemis and Aphania/T/iJ. — Ditula Step. — Tortrix Haw., Treit. — Pyralis Fab. Antejinte inserted close to the eyes on the crown of the head, short and setaceous, composed of numerous turbinate joints clothed with scales above, pubescent beneath (1). Maxillce spiral, but not longer than the palpi (3) . Labial palpi porrected obliquely, a little divaricating, clavate, compressed, densely clothed with short scales, the tip of the apical joint apparent (4), triarticulate, basal joint short, clavate, 2nd long and inflated towards the apex, 3rd a little shorter than the 1st, slender, elongate-conic (4 a). Head rough with hairy scales : eyes large and ovate : ocelli distinct. Thorax clothed with depressed scales. Abdomen rather long linear and tufted at the apex in the male. Wings very slightly dejlexed in repose, rather short and broad; superior with the casta arched, the apex truncated and rounded; inferior ovate-trigonate, very little emarginate towards the apex. cUia short. Legs, anterior the short- est and stoutest: tibiBe, anterior very short, obtrigonate, with an in- ternal spine ; intermediate robust, spurred at the apex, hinder long and stout, with a pair of unequal spurs at the apex, and another pair at the middle : tarsi 5 -jointed: claws minute (8 f, hind leg). Larvae with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet ?. Obs. The dissections were taken from the Insect figured. Semifasciana Haw. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 948. 5. Silvery-grey, sometimes cinereous : superior wings with numer- ous short irregular transverse lines most distinct on the costa ; a brown angulated fascia near the base, with several black dots ; an abbreviated brown fascia at the middle of the costa termi- nated in the centre by a longitudinal black line ; there are 2 brown spots on the costa towards the apex, where there are also several black dots sometimes assuming a furcate form : in- ferior wings and abdomen ochreous fuscous. Obs. Sometimes the black dots are not visible and the line is very indistinct. In the Author's and other Cabinets. Whilst my Guide was printing I received Treitschke's 7th volume, just in time to add his names to the Tortricidse, and amongst them Thirates. HUbner, it appears, had divided this little group into two genera, yet Mr. Stephens has lately given it a new name, so that the five species are burthened with as many generic appellations, and he adds, " the genus is -decidedly not synonymous with Thirates of Treitschke, as given by Mr, Curtis, the type of that genus being Pccdisca profimdana." Now the fact is, that Treitschke has since changed his generic name ; but the 1st and 3rd species of my 94.8th Genus are actually his types, and what is still more re- markable, they are admitted into Mr. Stephens's new genus under the names of porpJujrana and Wellensiana, the former being synonymous with pro/zOTifana, the latter wiih scutulana. The following are our British species of Paedisca. 1. profundana Wien. Verz. — porphyrana Hilb. Tort. tab. 5. f.26. " Wings glaucous ash-colour, shining, with 3 oblique fuscous brown bars." Haw. End of June and beginning of July, Birch and Darent Woods and the New Forest. 2. nebulana Doti. 11. 364. 3.— Haw. 461. 215. " Wings somewhat ferruginous griseous, with 3 oblique fasciae, obscure and suffused." Haw. July, Broomfields ? Kent, also in Birch and Darent Woods and the New Forest. 3. scutulana Wien. Verz. — Wellensiana Hiib. 37. 237. — asse- clana Hiib. 4. 19? — ^thiopiana Haw. var. 462, 216. Superior wings griseous-fuscous, sometimes ferruginous, with a basal fascia, darkest at the interior margin, with a large white spot contiguous at the middle ; an oblique suffused fascia at the centre, narrowed at the costa, which is spotted with a longitudinal black stripe across the mid- dle; a large sublunate brown space towards the apex, which bears a brown spot ; cilia striped. A very variable species ; some individuals being ochreous others blackish. End of July to end of August ; Birch and Darent Woods : J. C. Also in Surrey, Hants, and Devon. 4. Hartmanniana Linn. — scriptana Hiib. 17. 110. Superior wings whitish or cream-colour, somewhat cloud- ed, with a brown interrupted fascia at the base and a broader one at the middle, with a black longitudinal line across the centre, where the fascia is nearly divided by the white ground ; costa spotted and several oblique grey and brown lines towards the apex; interior margin brown. July, near London and in Devon. 5. semifasciana Haw. 431. 115. — Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 571, c?. From the beginning to the end of August in Coomb Wood, and at Hurne, Hants: J. C. Hedges, Kent and Brockenhurst. The Plant is Ribes nigrum (Black Currants), from the banks of the river in the neighbourhood of Thetford, Norfolk. 567. PENTIIINA GREVILLANA. The Sutherland Long-cloak. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricida3. Type of the Genus, Tortrix corticana HUb. Penthina Treit. — Pendina Treit., Curt. — Apotomis Hub. — Tortrix Linn., Hllb., Haw. Antenna: inserted close to the eyes, on the crown of the head, short, setaceous and rather stout, clothed with scales above, pu- bescent beneath (1), basal joint stout ovate, and hairy. Maxilla spiral, rather stout and not longer than the palpi (3). Labial Palpi porrected obliquely, not contiguous, rather stout and thickly clothed with short scales, the apical joint a little apparent (4), triarticulate, basal joint short and inflated towards the apex, 2nd long stout and incrassated at the extremity, 3rd smaU, elongate-ovate (4 a). Head having the crown clothed with long scales, meeting down the mid- dle (7). Thorax subglobose. Ahdomen linear and tufted at the apex in the males. Wings slightly cylindric and deflexed in repose, longer than the body, superior elongate trapezate, the costa arched, the apex trujicated obliquely and rounded; inferior ovate-trigonate, the apex slightly narroiued but rounded; cilia short. Legs, antei-ior very short; thighs and tibiae very short in the same, the latter with an internal spine, the others with spurs at the apex, the posterior, which are long and very scaly, having a pair also a little below the middle : tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint elongated (8 f, hind leg). Larvae with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Grevillana Curt. MSS. — Guide, Gen. 949. w. 5*. Greyish-black : head and apex of abdomen subochreous: supe- rior wings long and narrow, variegated with inten-upted black transverse lines and spots, a large space at the apex white forming 2 claws on the internal margin, with a long grey ob- lique line arising at the posterior angle and furcate at the ex- tremity, the apex black, with white dots forming two oblique stripes ; cilia black : inferior wings yellowish-fuscous, palest at the base ; cilia of the same colour. In the Cabinets of Mr. Jas. Wilson and the Author. The Penthinae so much resemble the feces of small birds in colour, that when these moths are sitting on a leaf with their wings closed, it is often difficult to determine what they are. When in repose their wings do not form an elongated triangle like the true Tortrices ; for although they are deflexed, they are generally convex, and consequently somewhat cylindrical, and bear a greater resemblance in figure to some of the Tineae. The following are our British species : 1. P. corticana Hiib. Tort. p^. 'A. f. 13,?. — capreana Hi'ih. pi. 40./. 250 c? . I find it common in the chinks of the bark of Birch-trees in the open parts of Coomb-wood the middle of June; and it is found also the end of May and September. 2. Betuletana Haw. p. 432. 119. Middle of August, Birch- trees, Coomb- wood. 3. Gentianana Hiib, 3. 12. The Larva feeds on a species of Dipsacus. 4. variegana Hiib. 3. 14. — Cynosbana Don. 10. 355. 3. — tri- punctana Haw., but not of Fabricins. The Caterpillar feeds on the Ash ; and the Moth appears the beginning of June in hedges. 5. Pruniana Hub. 3. 15. June, woods and gardens. 5^. Grevillana Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 567, S • This formed another of the novelties captured in July in Sutherlandshire by Dr. R. K. Greville and Mr. James Wilson, to whom I am indebted for my specimen ; and 1 have the gra- tification of dedicating it to the former gentleman, who is no less eminently distinguished for his works on the Cryptoga- mioe than he is for his taste and acquirements in the arts and sciences. P. Grevillana is distinguished from its congeners by the nar- rower wings, which give it a more elongated form; and the cilia of the upper wings are not so black in any of the other species. 6. pullana Haw. 434. 125. 7. marginana Haw. 433. 124. 8. oblongana ^aw. 433. 123. 9. Salicella Linn. — Salicana Hiib. 3. 11. — Roesel v. 4;. pi. 9. /. 1-4. Middle of August, trunks of Willows and Sallows, espe- cially S. caprea and viminalis. For specimens of the rare Veronica triphyllos (Fingered Speedwell) represented in this plate, as well as for those in the next (pi. 568), I am indebted to Lady Blake, who gathered them last May in sandy fields above West Stow Heath near Bury ; and I afterwards met with them near Thetford, where the former was abundant in a field of Saint Foin, and the latter on the Warren. 551. SPILONOTA MARMORANA. The marbled Dog's-tooth Moth. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidas. Type of the Gems, Tortrix comitana Hub. Spilonota Step., Curt. — Hedyse, Notocelia, Epiblema and Epinotia Hub. — Orthotaenia Step. — Zciraphera and Sciaphila Ti-eit. — Tortrix Linn., Flub., Haw, — Pyralis Fab. Antennee inserted on the crown of the head close to the eyes, shorter than the body, rather stout and filiform, composed of numerous short joints, clothed with scales above and pubescent beneath (1). Maxilla: not longer than the labial palpi, spiral and very much attenuated, furnished inside at the apex with a double series of tentacula (3). Palpi minute and biarticulate (3 a). Labial palpi porrected, conniving, densely clothed with short broad scales, giving them a trigonate form and completely con- cealing the apical joint (4), triarticulate, basal joint not very stout and kidney-shaped, 2nd long and considerably dilated, narrowed at the base and rounded at the apex, 3rd not so long as the 1st and subfusiform-ovate (4 a). Head tuith the scales meeting down the centime : eyes lateral orbicular and prominent. Thorax small, the scales depressed. Abdomen. rather short and tufted at the apex in the males. Wings deflexed in repose, considerably longer than the body, superior linear, truncated obliquely, the costa arched ; inferior ovale-trigonate, the apex nar- rowed but rounded, cilia rather short, hegs stout : thighs posterior short : tibiae, anterior very short with an internal spine ; intermediate short clothed with long scales, extending beyond the apex with one long spine and another shorter ; posterior long and scaly, with a shorter pair of unequal spines at the apex, and another pair at the middle: tarsi 5 -jointed, basal Joint long, all the others very short, excepting in the hinder pair : claws minute (8 f, the hind leg). Larvae with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Maemorana Hiib. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 950. 26. — Achatana Wein. Verz. Brown ; superior wings dark, the posterior margin concave under the apex ; a double angulated white and gray striga near the middle, uniting on the disc with a sublunate gray and white mark, extending to the posterior angle, and inclosing a large brown subovate spot with an undulating margin, the nervures crossing it forming 4 or 5 bright ferruginous streaks, a trian- gular space at the apex of the same colour divided obliquely by a whitish streak inclosing the apex, and about 6 double short white lines on the costa, cilia white at the base under the apex ; inferior wings with a slight rosy tint, a yellowish line at the base of the cilia : tarsi annulated with ochre ; margins of abdo- minal segments pale. In the Cabinets of Mr. Bentley, the Author, 8fC. The following are British species of Spilonotai : 1. nubiferana Haw. Middle ol' June, hedges, Darent Wood and Isle of Dogs. 2. cynosbatella Linn. July and August, gardens. 3. aquana Hiib. June, on rose-bushes, gardens and Coombe Wood. 4. trimaculana Haw. End June, b. July hedges and woods. 5. amplana Huh.l Tort. -pi. 5.f. 24. 6. maculana Fab, End of September skirts of woods. 7. Sparrmanniana Fab. 10th August, in abundance amongst heath on Ellen's Island, Loch Katrine, and in a marsh at Hurne, Hants. 8. piceana Haw. September, heaths, Surrey. 9. sordidana Hub. ? 10. inopiana /Zatiy. 469. 238. 11. Solandriana Z/zn«. August, open places in woods, Dover and Trossacks. 12. vittana Curt. Cinereous, superior wings ochreous, with a chocolate stripe on the costa, broadest at the extremity, but not reaching the apex, and another of the same co- lour, but arched, on the interior margin. October, Niton, Isle of Wight. 13. antiquana Middle of August, Dover; beginning of July, weedy banks, Suffolk. 14. semifuscana Step. 15. foenella Linn. August, Wisbeach, Norfolk, Kent, and Epping Forest. 16. Straemiana Fab. Beginning of June, Undercliff Isle of Wight; end of July, Coombe and Darent. 18. Pflugianai/ai«. June, Coombe, Birch, and Darent woods. 19. rusticana Hiib. June, grass and rushes in fields, Glan- ville's Wotton ; end of August, hedges. 17. trigeminana iSVep. " July, Ripley." 20. sticticana Fab. End July, Coombe Wood ; Aug. hedges. 21. costipunctana Hato. Beginning of June, Barton Cliff and Isle of Wight, amongst Thistles and Coltsfoot. 27. argyrana Step. " August, Highlands of Scotland." 28. quadrana Step. " July, Scotland." 22. Schreberiana Zmw. ? — Pans:. 7. 19. 23. tetragonana Step. July, Coombe and Darent woods. 24. nigricostana Haw. Beginning of June in a hedge near Primrose Hill, and on elm ti'ees. 29. ustulana Haw. June, Coombe Wood and Norfolk. 25. comitana i/w^. Middle of June, hedges, woods and paling. 26. marmorana ii/wi. — Curt. B. E. pi. 551. This insect re- sembles Orthotcenia u?iclnlana, and bears some affinity to Aspis Udmanniana, with which I associated it in the Guide, under the name of '^^ similana" from having only bad specimens. I have since seen very fine ones taken by Mr. Bentley and Mr. Chant on White-thorn bushes in Epping Forest the middle of July. The Plant is Poatrivialis (Rough Meadow Grass). I 711. ZEIRAPHERA HASTIANA. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricida?. Type of the Genus, Tortrix communana Linn. Zeiuai'hera Treit., Curt. — Ephippiphora and Penthina Goda. — Tor- trix Hub., Haw. Antennce inserted close to the eyes, on the crown of the head, short and setaceous, clothed with scales above, pubescent be- neath, basal joint stout, ovate and scaly (1). Maxillce spiral, rather stout, and not longer than the palpi (3). Labial palpi porrected horizontally, parallel, densely clothed with scales (4), triarticulate (a), basal joint short and'cleaver- shaped, 2nd long, stout, incrassated towards the extremity, densely clothed with scales, which make it thick at the apex, 3rd joint not concealed, clothed with short scales, nearly as long as the 1st, slender and elliptical. Head small, the crown and forehead densely clothed with longish nearly erect scales, those on the face depressed (7, the profile) : eyes glo- bose. Thorax subglobose. Abdomen with the apex slightly tufted in the males, conical in the females. Wings perfectly deflexed in repose, longer than the body ; superior with the casta slightly arched, the extremity truncated and rounded ; inferior ovate-trigonate, the apex a little narrowed and rounded. Legs, anterior very short, hinder the longest : thighs short : tibiae, anterior very short with an internal spine ; intermediate with a pair of spurs at the apex, one very long, hinder stoutish and hairy inside, ivith 2 pair of long un- equal spurs, one pair at the middle : taxsi 5 -jointed, basal joint elon- gated (8t, the hind leg}. Larvae with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet ? Hastiana Linn. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 952. 1. Dark brown : head somewhat ochreous, face whitish : superior wings rich brown, variegated with blacldsh spots and streaks, a broad white slightly oblique fascia before the middle, with an indenture on the inside, and sinuous externally ; beyond it are several dull purplish or lead-coloured patches, suiTounded by scales white in certain lights, and there is a row of dull orange spots at the posterior margin, and 3 pale or whitish costal spots towards the apex, which bears a black dot with a semicircle of white scales : inferior wings orange with a purplish cast, and minutely freckled with fuscous. In the male the white fascia is very narrow, and sometimes broken into spots. In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale, the Author, &:c. This group so nearly approaches Penthina, Spilonota, &c. on one side, that there is little to distinguish them excepting the style of colouring on the superior wings ; and on the other hand Zeiraphera is closely allied to Grapholitha. The scales on the palpi are long, and make them heavy in appearance ; the depressed scales on the face give the head a somewhat different character to the other genera, and the upper pair of spurs on the hinder tibiae are placed at the centre in the type. The following are British species. 1. Hastiana Zwm. — Qirt. Brit. Ent.pl. 711 ?. — ulmanaJfui. 45. 278 (S- — areolana Hub. 279 ? . 29th May, near Exeter; 28th June, Devon, Mr. Cocks. The figure I'eferred to by Linnasus in Clerck's Icones has pec- tinated antennae, and is evidently a different insect, as well as Hiibner's hastana ; yet I have little doubt that ours is the Linnsean insect, the sexes of which Hiibner seems to have considered as belonging to two species. Not having a speci- men for dissection, I cannot be positive that it belongs to this genus, but it appears to be allied to the following species. 2. perfuscana Haw. 467, 231. Wood's ^g. 1007 does not agree with Haworth's description. This and the 3 following species, if I mistake not, are found on the flowers of umbelliferee at Darent, Mickleham, &c. 3. pustulana Hiib. 33. 208. is the T. subsequa7ia, Haw. My specimen may be only a variety of the foregoing species. 4. Lediana Linn. — Wood, pi. Sl.f. 934. June, Norfolk, Darent and the New Forest. 5. nitidana Fab. — Wood, 31. 935. Hedges, end of May and June, Darent and New Forest. 6. Strobilelia Lirm. — argyrana Hiib.? 8. 40. Beginning of May, hedges. 7. fraternana Haxv. — strobilelia Wood, 31. 917? — Strobilana Hiib. 12. 70c^. Amongst fir-trees, 14th July, in Black-wood, Loch Rannoch. 8. atromargana Haw. 446. 165. Wood, 31. 916. Trunks of oaks, beginning of June, Kensington gardens, and woods round London. 9. communana Fab. — Wood, 34, 1029. — corticana Hiib. — Lichenana Treit. June, in abundance on trunks of oaks, Kensington gardens, &c. The plant is Dipsacus sylvestris. Wild Teasel. 376. ANCHYLOPERA USTOMACULANA. The Loch Rannoch Tortrix. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidae. Type of the Genus, Pyralis Lundana Fab. Anchylopeua Ste., Curt. — Tortrix Hub., Haw. — Pyralis Fab. AntenncE inserted close to the anterior margin of the eyes, rather short and capillary, composed of numerous cup-shaped joints, clothed with long dilated and hairy scales (1, a). Maxillce short, slender, and spiral (3). Labial Palpi porrected nearly horizontally, very scaly and trun- cated, triarticulate, basal joint robust, curved, slender at the base, 2nd very long and stout, dilated towards the apex, 3rd joint nearly as long as the 1st, very slender and pointed, but nearly concealed by the scales of the antecedent (4 and 4 a). Head small, the crown tufted, the scales combed forward. Ocelli distinct. Thorax and Abdomen slender, the latter obtuse and tufted at the apex, in the males. Wings; superior slighthj falcated (9). Legs rather stout. Coxae; anterior long. Thighs rather short. Tibiae ; anterior very short, intermediate with unequal spurs at the apex; posterior long and hairy, with a pair of unequal spurs at the middle, and another pair at the apex {8f). Caterpillars with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal, and 2 anal feet. UsTOMACULANA Curt. Guide, Gen. 955. 12. Fuscous ; tips of palpi, face and crown of thorax whitish : supe- rior wings deep brown, the base glossy cinereous, with 6 or 7 cleft marks on thecostaof the same colour, the 3rd continued to the anal angle, leaving an oblique brown fascia across the centre, dilated at the middle, the margins sinuated ; a large subtrigonate mark on the internal margin silvery grey, some smaller irregular markings of a similar colour towards the posterior margin, and a black spot at the apex. In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale and the Author. The falcate tip of the superior wings and the large suhtrigo- nate or semiovate macula on their internal margin, are the distinguishing characters of this genus, but some of the species are destitute of the latter. The name is an adopted one, and the genus not established ; I have transferred some of the spe- cies it contained to another genus formed by the same party, as they do not appear to belong to this group, which will pro- bably form a division of Treitschke's genus Phoxopteris. The Ibllowing are British species. 1. A. obtiisana Haw. 453. 189. Inhabits woods near London. 2. A. consobrinana Curt. Guide, No. 2. A little larger than No. 1, but very similar to it, and may be only the female: the superior wings are narrower, and the silvery line across the middle is more arcuated and oblique. I took a specimen in Coombe Wood. 3. A. unculana Haw. 453. 1 88. — derasana Hiih. Tort. 32. 206. In woods near London. 4. A. Lundana jP hind leg). Larvae naked, with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Pupae rather slender. Turionella Linn. Faun. Suec. 365.1420. — Turionana Haw. 399. 14. Curtis's Guide, Gen. 960. ) 1. Shining cinereous-grey. Palpi, head and antennae yellowish white: thorax and superior wings ferruginous-orange, the latter with 4 transverse, irregular, silvery strigae, the 2nd and 4th furcate at the costa, the 3rd forming a ring in the centre, also an abbreviated silvery line near to the posterior margin : cilia pale with a blackish line near the base : anterior coxae and thighs orange. In the Author's and other Cabinets. This Genus has never before been described : although the name Orthotaenia has been given to a portion of it, I have adopted that appellation, which characterizes the whole very well. I must refer to my Guide, which is now completed, for a list of the species and their synonyms ; as I am desirous of describing some nondescripts, and giving the locahties of others. 1. O. formosana Curtis's Guide. Pale fuscous : thorax and superior wings rosy-chestnut, the latter with a considerable number of waved transverse pale shining lines as far as the middle, beyond which are two more comjjound ones, with several shorter on the costa, and a row of spots of the same colour at the base of the cilia: abdomen ochreous at the apex. Similar to O. nuhilana, HUb. in size and colour, but the superior wings are a little less obtuse ; their colour is very different, and the bar across the middle, formed by the waved lines, is narrower and more irregular. I believe my specimen was taken by the late Mr. Blunt. 7. O. alternana Curtis' s Guide. Shining ochreous-grey : thorax and superior wings freckled with black, the latter with 9 pair of pale spots on the costa, the base rather darker, the black spots forming irregular and broken transverse lines; a blackish fascia across the centre freckled with a few pale scales, having a longitu- dinal pale line across the middle ; the apex rather dark ash colour : cilia with a black spot at the tip and middle : inferior wings fuscous. Smaller than O. micana, Hiib., to which it is most nearly allied ; the name is given from the alternate dark and pale spaces on the upper wings. Var. /3 larger: superior wings more ochreous, the markings brown and less distinct, the cilia immaculate. On the l^th of July Mr. Dale and myself discovered this moth amongst heath in the Black-wood, Loch Rannoch. 8. O. gramineana Curiis's Guide. Head thorax and superior wings ferruginous brown ; the latter with 7 or 8 pairs of whitish spots on the costa, with a somewhat silvery sinuated fascia, leaving a dark space at the base; apical portion of the same pale colour, leaving a dark and very sinuated fascia across the middle; the apex, .3 triangular spots on the costa, and an oblique lobe-shaped mark, rising from the posterior margin, and another near that angle, ferruginous brown: inferior wings fuscous. Most allied to and the size of 0. cespitana, Hiib. I took it the end of June, on grassy slopes ascending Arthur's Seat. 9. O. cespitana Hiib. Tort. 244 & 245. 18th June, heath, side of a hill, Ambleside; and 14th July amongst fir- trees, Black- wood, Loch Rannoch. 10. O. Bentleyana Do7i. 10. pi. 357. 1. — m. June, Amble- side and Traffoi'd, near Manchester; 1 1th July on the north side near the top of Schichallien upon the turf amongst the rocks. 11. O. TurionellajLzn«. — Curt. Brit. Ent.pl. 36'^. Bred from the caterpillars which fed on the shoots of the Scotch fir, by Mr. Wigham of Norwich. The larva and pupa are copied from Hiibner, but I am not certain whether they belong to this species or to T. Resinella L. 12. O. gevcnnaxio. Huh. Tort. 269. — e. July and August, pales. Regent's Park, and grass. Birch-wood. 13. O. arbutana? Hiih. Tort.pl. Sl.f. 195. 14. O. comitana Wien. Verz. — Ficeana, Hiih. f. 72. Common amongst Fir-trees^ Birch-wood. 15. O. Resinella Lmw.— Turionana Hilh. 220 & 221. 19. O. purpurana Haisi. 400. IG. Taken 15th July. I 491. COCHYLIS RUPICOLA. The Chalk-clifF Tortrix. Order Lepidoptern. Fam. Tortricidae. Type of the Gems, Tortrix rubellana HUh. CocHYLis Och., Curt. — Tortrix Hub., Haio., Och. Antennce inserted close to the eyes on the anterior part of the head, rather shorter than the body, setaceous, composed of nu- merous joints clothed with scales above, very hairy beneath (la). Maxillce rather shorter than the Palpi, formed of 2 filaments (3). LabialPalpi nearly horizontal, clavate, thickly clothed with scales, the apical joint slightly apparent (4) ; triarticulate, l)asal joint small and clavate, 2nd long" stout and ventricose, 3rd short and slender (4 a) . Head clothed with long scales, combed up and meeting on the crown : eyes rather small, orbicular and lateral: ocelli 2. Thoxdcx small and subglobose. Abdomen short and tufted at the apex in the male. Wings, superior somewhat linear and truncated more or less obliquely; inievior somewhat angulated at the apex. Legs, anterior short : tibiae, middle and posterior furnished with long spurs at the apex, the latter having a pair also a little below the middle (Sf). RupicoLA Curt. Guide, Gen. 963. 10. In the Author's Cabinet. The following species belonging to this beautiful group have been recorded as British. Many of them fly in the forenoon. 1. Francillana F. — Do?i. 10. ^55. 1. — Baumanniana ? Hiib. — Tort. 23. 148. — sanguinea Och. Middle of July, sides of cliff below Dover Castle, J. C. 2. Smeathmanniana F. — Fabriciana Hiib. 23. 149. 3. straminea Haw. 401. 18. May, and end of August, pastures, Dover and Yorkshire. 4. alternana Ste. Middle and end of August, on flowers of Centaurea {pi. 241. and 361.), and flying in the evening on the cliffs near Dover. 5. Dubrisana Curt. 4 to 6 lines broad. Palpi head and thorax griseous; abdo- men silky grey; superior wings pale sulphur mottled with shining white and brownish marks, with a somewhat inter- rupted oblique brown fascia across the middle and another beyond it : inferior wings white, more or less freckled with fuscous towards the apex. — Middle of August, top of cliflTs near Dover, J. C. 6. marmoralana Cuj't. 7 lines broad. Antennae and palpi blackish, the latter white inside; head thorax and abdomen griseous, the latter while at the apex: superior wings pale sulphur freckled with brown and variegated with shining white spots and lines, leaving two indislinct oblique fuscous bands, costa spotted with brown : interior wings Fuscous slightly i'rcckled with white, cilia white. — Middle of August, near Dover, J. C. 7. badiana Hiib. 2'.i. 14<7 ? • — rubigana Oc/i. June, near Niton, Isle of Wight ; end of July, on Burdoch, Battersea Fields. 8. margaritana Haw. 401. 21. 9. griseana Haw. 402. 25. 10. Rupicola Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 491 cj. Ochreous, superior wings with an oblique ferruginous brown band across the middle, darkest towards the exti'emities, with a pale edge on both sides towards the interior margin, where it forms an indistinct triangular spot, the costa spotted with black, and the posterior portion of the wing ferruginous-ochre freckled with black : inferior wings blackish with a cupreous tinge ; the cilia ochreous, blackish at the base : abdomen blackish with an ochreous tuft in the male. — Middle of July, side of clilF, Dover, J. C. 11. subroseana Haw. 402. 23. Middle of May, in abundance amongst grass on the east side of the Isle of Portland ; 9th of June, amongst heath, side of mountain near Ambleside. 12. rubellana Hiib. 46. 285— 287. ? .— roseana Haw. Dover, Mr. Leplastrier. 13. ruficiliana Haw. — ciliella? Hiib. Tin. 26. 180. End of May, meadows, Yorkshire. 14. Baumanniana F. — Hartmanniana Hiib. 23. 146. ? . var. Middle of June, amongst fern, side of hill, Ambleside; end of June, chalk-pit, Darent. 15. Lathoniana Hiih. 30. 189. ? . — Is this British? 16. Sodaliana Haw. 436. 134. 17. dubitana //mZ*. 12. 71. Discovered by H. Walker, Esq., at New Lanark. 19. maculosana Haw. 438. 141. Middle of May, Kimpton ; and beginning of July. 20. angustana Hiib. 12. 74. — fasciella Don. 13. 452. Beginning of July, hedges ; end of August, heathy places near Lyndhurst, Dover, and North Wales. 21. pygmeana Haw. 439. 143. — B. of June, Suffolk, J. C. 22. nana jHflW. 439. 142. — July? broom fields. 23. tesserana W. V. — tesselana 23. 144. — Heiseana F. Beginning of June, Barton ClilF, Hants, Isle of Portland, and sides of cliff, Dover. C. decimana Hiib. 23. 145. var.l Middle of May, Coomb Wood, Surrey. 24. senea Hiib. 30. 188. The Plant is Dauciis Carota (Wild Carrot). 1 ■■' 699. TERAS EXCAVANA. The iron Notchwing. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidae. Type of the Genus, Pyralis caudana, Fab. Teras Treit., Dupch., Curt. — Pyralis, Fab Tortrix, Hub., Haw. AntemKB inserted close to the eyes on the crown of the ,head, shorter than the body, setaceous, composed of oblong joints, scaly above, pubescent beneath (1). Maxilla: scarcely so long as the palpi, spiral, rather stout, with short tentacula at the apex (3). Labial palpi rather long, porrected far beyond the head, parallel, clothed with short scales which make the 2nd joint convex above and leave only a small portion of the apical joint apparent (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint short, cleaver-shaped, 2nd very long, stout and somewhat clavate, straight beneath, convex above from the middle, the base slender, the apex narrowed ; 3rd joint about ^ as long, elliptic-conic (a). Head short, densely scaly : eyes hemispherical. Thorax subglobose. Abdomen subdepressed ; linear in the male, with a tolerable tvft at the apex ; trigonate and scaly at the apex in the female. Wings very slightly deflexed in repose, forming an elongate triangle ; superior hooked at the apex, the costa very much arched with a large notch at the middle : hdeiioT harp-shaped ; cUia moderate, hegs stoutish : thighs, middle pair the longest : tibiae, anterior short, with an in- ternal spine, intermediate with a pair of spurs at the apex, one very long ; hinder tibia the longest and stoutest, with unequal spurs at the apex, and a pair a little below the middle : tarsi rather short and 5- jointed, basal joint very long, 4th and 5th very small: claws and pulvilli minute (Sf)- Metamorphoses unknown. ExcAVANA Haw. Lep. Brit. 408, 44. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 965. 2. In the Author's and other Cabinets. The moths forming this natural little genus are usually of the same size, and I think it not improbable that the 2nd and 4th are only varieties of the preceding species. They are all well characterized by the curious excavation of the anterior margin of the superior wings ; they are principally found in the early part of autumn, by the sides of pathways in woods. 1. T. emargana Fab.— Wood, pL 36./ 1103. Siiperioi" wings ochreous, reticulated with brown, the pos- terior half brown with ochreous spots towards the apex. July 31st, by an ozier hedge at Niton in the Isle of Wight, J. C. ; also in the New Forest; woods near Dover, Northum- berland and Scotland in August. 2. excavana Haw. — Wood, J". 1104. — emargana Don. v. 3. pi. 106./ 5. Ferruginous-orange; superior wings obscurely reticulated with brown, with 2 waved strigae towards the base, an ash- coloured fascia passing obliquely across the middle, sinuated on both sides and bearing a few minute tufts of scales, the same colour continued along the margin of the notch; base of cilia lead-colour : abdomen subochreous, deepest at the apex : inferior wings greyish-white, somewhat ochreous and reticulated towards the apex. 0^5. Many specimens are much darker than the one figured, but Donovan's drawing is very indifferent, and I know of no figure of it in any Continental work. August, Caen-wood, Hampstead ; Coomb-wood, Surrey ; Birch and Darent woods, Kent; beginning of September, by an ozier hedge, Niton, and New Forest, J. C. ; Raehills, Dum- friesshire, Rev. W. Little. 3. effractana Frol. — Wood, Jig. 1105. — emargana Do7i. 3. 106. I. Superior wings ochreous-grey, clouded, the inferior mar- gin sometimes ferruginous, with a deep notch on the costa. End of August, Caen, Coomb, and other woods round Lon- don ; beginning of September, ozier hedge, Niton, and New Forest, J. C. 4. caudana Fab. — Wood, Jig. 1106. — ochracea, Ste. var. Superior wings pale ochreous-grey, clouded, with a shallow notch on the costa. Found in Yorkshire and other northern counties in August. I have not referred to Hiibner, for if Treitschke's criti- cisms be correct, the names of the two last species are trans- posed in the work of the former author. The plant is Campamda latifolia. Giant Bellflower, for which 1 am indebted to T. C. Heysham, Esq., of Carlisle. 440. LEPTOGRAMMA IRRORANA. The Sprinkled Rough-wing. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. TortricidaD. Type of the Gems, Tortiix litterana Linn. Lkptogramma Curt., Ste. — Paramesia Ste. — Tortrix Hiib., Haw. — Pyralis Fab. — Phalsena Tortrix Linn. Antenna inserted close to the eyes on the crown of the head, rather short, setaceous, clothed with scales above, pubescent beneath, composed of numerous short joints rather longer and oblong towards the apex, basal joint robust and long, 2nd larger than the following (1, portions of the base and apex). Maxilla as long as the labial Palpi, spiral, rather stout, ciliated at the base, with series of tentaculi at the apex (3). Palpi minute attached to a scape, biarticulate, basal joint producing a few hairs on the inside (3, base of maxilla, a the Palpus). Labial Palpi porrected horizontally, rather divaricating, clavate, thickly clothed with short scales, the apical joint Ijeing visible (4), triarticulate, basal joint not short, curved and clavate, 2nd long robust and ventricose, 3rd shorter than the first, slender elongate-conic (4 a). Head rather small, the scales on the crown erect : eyes lateral and globose (7). Thorax globose, trigonate behind. Abdomen rather short and narrow, depressed and tufted at the apex in the males. Superior wings oblong -trigonate, costa produced at the base, densely clothed loith scales forming a shoulder at the middle, posterior mar- gin truncated, the apex slightly acute, posterior angle rounded, the surface more or less clothed with small tufts of scales; inferior wings ample, the margin slightly undulated, the apex a little pointed ; cUia long at the anal angle. Legs, anterior small ; tibiae, anterior very short, ivith a small spine on the inside, middle pair spurred at the apex ; posterior long with unequal spurs at the middle and apex : tarsi 5-joinied, basal joint long : claws and pulvilli small (8, a fore leg, 8 1 the hinder leg). CaterpUlars ivith 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal, and 2 anal feet ? Irrorana Hub. Tort.pl. 15./. 96. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 966. 4. Pale dull green ; eyes blackish, antennae dull gray ; abdomen ochreous gray, base of the segments fuscous : superior wings with numerous black spots, 5 or 6 in a line towards the poste- rior margin, with a line of black lunules between the nervures at the base of the cUia and a black dot at the apex of each : in- ferior wings ochreous gray, mottled : cilia pale ochreous, fus- cous at the base. In the Author's and other Cabinets. This pretty genus is most nearly allied to Peronea, but in the typical species the superior wings are not hooked at the apex ; they are studded with tufts of scales, and the apical joint of the palpi is not concealed. In dissecting I discovered maxillartf 2mlpi, which I believe were not known to exist in the family to which our genus belongs ; but I have not had an oppor- tunity of ascertaining if they be equally developed in neigh- bouring groups. The following are British species. 1. L. literana L. — Do7i. v. 10. pi. f. 2. — Hiih. Tort. pi. 15. f. 89. & 90.— f. 91. var. ? — April, end of Aug., September, and beginning of October; Oaks, New Forest, and Glanville's Wootton, Mr. Dale. 2. L. squaniana F. — Don. 5. 157. 7. — squamulana Hiib. 15. 94. — 92. & 93. vars. ? — End of August, beginning of September, in Orchards and on Oaks covered with Lichen, J. C. — End of September, beginning of October, White-thorns, Mr. Dale. 3. L. tricolorana Haw. — irrorana Hiib. 15. 95. — September, Oaks and trees covered with Lichen, J. C. — Be- ginning of October, Apple-trees, Dorset and North Devon, Mr. Cocks. 4'. L. irrorana Hub. — Ctirt. Brit. Ent. pi. 440. — Glanville's Wootton and Devon, Capt. Blomer. 5. L. fulvomixtana Ste. — New Forest and Glanville's Woot- ton, Mr. Dale. 6. L. scabrana F. — irrorana Hub. 15. 97. — In woods. Genus Paramesxa Ste. 7. L. cerusana Hiib. 11. 63. — I have never seen but two spe- cimens of Hiibner's insect, which were taken in the New Forest ; the one generally seen under that name is a larger insect, exceedingly like L. scabrana, only the upper wings are cream-colour : it is found the end of July amongst Elms. 8. L. tripunctana Hiib. 20. 129. — tripunctulana Haw. — End of July, Glanville's Wootton, Mr. Dale ; September, pathways in woods. 8*. L. aspersana Hiib. 41. 259.? — Middle of August, New Forest, and amongst grass, South Foreland, Dover, J. C. — July and August, on Juniper and coarse grass, Winandermere ; Gryme's Dyke, Oxon ; Port- land, about the Rosa spinosissima, Mr. Dale. I doubt if it be Hiibner's insect. 9. L. bifidana Haw. 418. 77. — Sept., hedges and open places in woods; middle of October, Dorset, Mr. Dale. 10. L. Gnomana L. — notana Dori. 11. 369. 3. var. — Steine- riana Hiib. 27. 170. I believe to be another species. March, amongst dried leaves ; middle of June, end of July, Sept., and October, open places in woods at Coombe, Darent, Glanville's Wootton, and Witten- ham, Berks, Mr. Dale. 11. L. subtripunctulana S/f?. — North Devon, Mr. Cocks. The Plant is Anagallis tcnclla (Bog Punpernel). 16. PERONEA RUFICOSTANA. Rufous-margined Button Moth. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidte Leach. Type of the Genus P. Cristalana Don. Peronea nob. Pyralis Fab., Lat. Tortrix Hub., Haw., Leach. Antennce inserted on the crown of the head near to the eyes, rather thickest in the middle, having a serrated appearance under a lens, composed of 50 joints or more, hairy with a few scales, first joint cylindric, second smaller, nearly globular. (1 .) MaxiUce as long as the palpi. (3.) Palpi 2, completely covered (when perfect) with scales, and hairy at the margins and apex (4.) ; first joint short, clavate ■ se- cond very long, dilated in the middle ; third joint slender, half the length of last (4. a. the scales being removed to show the ar- ticulations) . Wings rounded at the base, appearing ciliated on the costa, either with small tufts of scales, or with one large tuft in the centre of the upper wing. (9.) Anterior legs with the first joint of the tarsus nearly as long as the tihics; coxa nearly as long as the femur. (8. b.) Posterior legs; femur short (8. b.), tibia long, with 2 spines in the centre and 2 at the apex (8. a,), all the tarsi 5-jointed. Caterpillars with 16 feet? RUFICOSTANA UOb. Upper wings dull violaceous, yellowish white at their interior margins, a mark of chesnut, darkest in the middle, extending obliquely from the base nearly to the apex j a very minute tuft of bright ferruginous scales near the centre; and an interrupted line of spots parallel with the posterior margin ; cilia rufous. Head, palpi and thorax white. Abdomen and inferior wings fus- cous. In the Cabinet of Mr. StoJie. The genus Tortrix, containing at present upwards of 250 British species, may with propriety be considered a family ; and as it is composed of numerous natural groups, it will be found impossible clearly to understand them unless they are formed into genera : with this object in view, I have proposed the genus Peronea (which is derived from the Greek, and sig- nifies a button), and divided it into those with a large elevated tuft of scales in the centre of the upper wings, the others having small tubercles only dispersed over them. The follow- ing arrangement of the species may be acceptable to those who have a collection of this beautiful genus, and will enable me to explain the affinities of the neighbouring groups when they come imder consideration. I have carefully examined the palpi of every individual, and have to regret that many of the species have only manuscript names, (all of which are printed in italics,) an inconvenience which it is hoped will soon be superseded by the completion of Mr. Haworth's Lepido- ptet-a Britannica, which it is understood will contain a Supjile- ment in which all the new species will be described. 1 cristana F. 2 subvittana Step. S albipunclana Haw. 4 striana Haw. 5 N. S. 6 consimilana Step. 7 vittana Step. 8 substriana Step. 9 spadiceana Haw. 10 N. S. ? 11 fidvocristaiia Step. 12 albovittana Step. 13 sericeana Hub. 14 N. S. ? Peronea 15 N. S. ? 16 Julvovittana Step. 1 7 Cristalana Don. 1 8 profanana JF. 19 N. S. 20 brunneana Step. *.* 21 eximiana Haw. 22 Byringerana Hub. 23 N. S. 24 autumnana Hub. 25 plumbosana Hatu. 26 Boscana F. 27 subcristana Step. 28 N. S. ? 29 latifasciana Haw. 30 :v. s. 31 centrovUlana Haw. 32 combustana Hvh. S3 albistriana Haw. 34 umbrana Hub. 35 ramistriana Haw. ? 36 divisana Hub. 37 radiana Hub. 38 strigana Step. 39 ruficostana nob. 40 bistriana Haw. 41 simiiana Step. 42 albicostana, Step. Toi'trix favillaceana, asinaiia, and tristana^ would follow P. Byringerana very well, but the last joint of the palpi is not concealed, otherwise they agree both in the proportion and form of the joints ; and I suspect, if we admit these 3 species, that T. logiaiia, Schalleriana^ riifana, horana^ Asperana and variegana must be admitted also. The unique and nondescript species figured (the natural size of which is given with the dissections) was beat from out the white-thorn, at the end of September 1823, in the New Forest, and is now in the cabinet of Mr. Stone, whose vm- rivalled collection of this family I have been allowed to ex- amine at my leisure, and through whose liberality I am enabled to give dissections of this rare and valuable genus. These insects conceal themselves in the Lichen parietinus (figured in the plate) when it grows upon the white-thorn, and have nearly all been taken at Darent and Coombe Woods, and in the New Forest, from the end of September to No- vember, and even during January and February occasionally. 29. SARROTHRIPUS RAMOSANA. Branched Sarrothripus. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidae Leach. Type of the Genus T. degenerana Hub. Sabkothripus nob. Pyralis Fab., Lat. Tortrix Hub., Haw., Leach. Antennce inserted on the crown of the head near to the eyes, long, setaceous, composed of numerous oblong joints, covered with scales above ; first joint rather large, cylindric, curved, second small, (f. 1 .) MaxilUe nearly thrice the length of the Palpi. (3.) Palpi 2, porrected far beyond the head, completely covered with scales resembling hair (4.) j first joint short, curved upwards j second joint long, clavate, curved at the base ; third joint as long or longer than the second, nearly filiform, slender. (4. a. the scales being removed,) Head with the scales upon the crown projecting forward in front. (7.) Wings rounded at the base, appearing slightly ciliated on the costa. Anterior legs ivith a long brush of hairy scales on the interior sides of the femur and tibia. (8.) Intermediate legs the longest. Pos- terior legs with 2 moveable spines in the centre of the tibia, and 2 at the apex. Tarsi 5 -jointed, terminated by small claws. Catei-pillars with 16 feet r Ramosana Hub. Schmet. Tort. Fuscous : Head, palpi, anterior part of thorax, and agreat portion of the upper wings brunneous inclining to chesnut. Superior wings with a dark line branched at the base and on its inferior margin, above which towards the centre is a black spot, a row of dots extend along the posterior margin, and 3 fuscous ocellated spots, with others more obscure, form an irregular transverse line near the same margin. In the Cabinet of Mr. Stone. In the 16th folio was described the Genus Peronea, and from the same family a small group, which has always been arranged near to them, has been selected for the present subject ; it is called Sarrothripus, from the brushes of hair which are attach- ed to the fore-legs. By referring to Lepidoptera Brita^mica^ p. -toe, it will be seen that Mr. Haworth has in some degree anticipated me in the formation of this Genus, whicli contains his division Palpance : a doubt is there expressed whether they may not be varieties ; but the numerous specimens which have since that time been collected leave little room for such a conjecture, and the addition of the novelty figured (the only one not described in the valuable work alluded to) renders it still more probable that they are distinct. The present Genus, on comparison with Peronea, will show how little attention has been paid to the conformation of the Lepidoptera such differences in any of the other orders would have been detected long smce ; but I hope by the dissections with which I shall always illustrate the subjects, that I may be able to interest entomologists sufficiently to induce them to at- tend to the structure of this beautiful order. The following are the species contained in this Genus : — 1. S. degenerana Hub. 2. dilutana Hub. 3. Afzeliana Gm^m. 4. Lathamiana Gmelin. 5. punctulana Hub. Uicana Fab. 6. ramosana Hub. They have been found at different periods of the year at Darent and Birch Woods, Kent, and in the New Forest. The rare and beautiful species, figured from the collection of Mr. Stone, was beat off a tree in July 1823, at Birch Wood, and another was taken off paling there, which induced me to think, that like Peronea they might be attach- ed to Lichens, but we are completely ignorant of their eco- nomy. Lichen prunastri{V\m<[i-\,ree Lichen), growing upon a branch of a tree, is figured in the Plate. 428 428. NOLA MONACHALIS. The small Black-arches. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Pyralidae. Type of the Genus, Tinea cucullatella Linn. NoLA Leach, Curt. — Hercyna Trdt. — Chlamifera and Bombyx Hilh. — Pyralis Hub., Haw. — Plialaena Tinea Linn. Antenna inserted close to the eyes on each side the crown of the head, moderately long, composed of many joints scaly above, basal joint large globose and clothed with long scales forming a long brush on the inside, 2nd globose, the remainder oblong, each producing 2 pilose branches at the base in the male (1 (?) j simple in the female ($). Maxilla a little longer than the Palpi, slender and spiral (3). Labial Palpi large, porrected horizontally or rather drooping, parallel robust and densely clothed with scales (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint short, 2nd very long and ventricose, 3rd minute ovate (4 a). Head clothed with scales. Eyes small, lateral and prominent. Thorax small globose. Abdomen short and rather stout in the females. Wings entire, superior sublanceolate with 3 elevated tufts in a line beneath the costa, and covering the inferior when in repose in the form o^ a triangle. Thighs ; middle pair the longest. Tibiae, anterior very short, with an internal spine, the others spurred at the apex, posterior long ciliated externally, with a pair of spurs also near the middle. Tarsi long, b-jointed, basal joint the longest. Claws slender and curved. Caterpillars hairy, with 6 pectoral, 6 ? abdominal, and 2 anal feet. Pupse inclosed in a conical case truncated at one end. MoNACHALis Haw.Lep. Brit. 386. 33. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 970. 1. Cinereous-gray, partially tinged with ochre and freckled with white : palpi brown on the outside ; a brown band across the fore part of the thorax, the centre and a dot on each side of the same colour : superior wings with several brown and black spots on the costa, a sinuated and crenated black striga before, and another, more waved, beyond the middle, containing 3 brown spots, 2 of them formed by the inner side of the raised tufts ; towards the posterior margin several of the nervures are irregu- larly streaked with black, and on the margin which is edged with a pale line they are terminated by 7 black dots ; cilia dark cine- reous with 7 whitish streaks : inferior wings entirely cinereous brown, cilia unspotted. In the Cabinets of Mr. Haworth and the Author. These moths are so nearly allied to the Tortricidas, that if they did not rest with their wings in a triangle, and the cater- pillars had 8 abdominal feet, I should associate them with that family and not with the Pyralidae. Even the cocoon (fig. A.) is very similar to those formed by thelarvai of Halias clorana and our genus Sarrothripus (pi. 29.). Dr. Leach and Mr. Samouelle have described the palpi with "the 2nd and 3rd joints nearly equally long," which is undoubtedly a mistake. With the larva and pupa of Tortrix rugosana Hiib. I am unacquainted, but the moth seems to be a beautiful connecting link between Sarrothripus and Nola; the upper wings have the same curious tufts of scales, only greater in number, and the palpi appear to be intermediate. Three species inhabit England. 1. N. monachalis Haw. — Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 428 ? : the S I have not seen. Stated to have been taken in the Fens in Yorkshire the end of May. It is very rare, and has never been figured, and it is remarkable that neither of the other species has in any English work that I remember. 2. N. strigulalis H;Uh. Pyralidesp/. S. f. 16. Palpi and rays of antennae shorter than in N. cucullatella. White variegated and slightly freckled with pale cinereous: thorax with a yellowish brown band across the front: superior wings sublanceolate, costa spotted with black and brown, an angulated black striga before and another more lobed and crenated beyond the middle with a serrated one and 2 of the elevated tufts between them; posterior margin cinereous, va- riegated with white, the nervures darker with an irregular line or two towards the margin : inferior wings cinereous, palest at the base, with a long spot in the disc, shining through from beneath. Not uncommon the end of May and beginning of June. In the 3rd volume of Kirby and Spence, p. 230, is an interesting account of the Caterpillar, it is supposed of this Moth. 3. N. cucullatella Linn. — palliolalis Hiib. pi. 23. 149 ? — pi. S.f. \SS' Palpi longer than the head: antenna3 producing in the males 2 ciliated spines towards the base of each joint. Gray or cinereous, superior wings rounded, base dark cinereous, terminated by a blackish curved striga; beyond the middle is a fine sinuated black striga bounding a gray fascia containing one of the 3 tufts, through which sometimes passes a pale brown waved striga; a gray sinuated line towards the posterior margin, and 2 dots on the costa : inferior wings palest at the base. Beginning and middle of July in hedges and gardens ; on paling in Regent's Park. The Caterpillar feeds on Apple-trees. The Plant is Eriophorum cmgtisttfolitim (Common Cotton- grass). 320. SIMAETHIS MYLLERANA. Myller's Nettle-tap. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortricidae. Type of the Genus, Tinea Oxyacanthella Linn. SiMAETHis Leach, Sam. — Anthophila Hav). — Agrotera Schr. — Asopia Treif— Xylopoda lai.— Pyralis Fab., Lat.—Tovtrix Tinea Linn. AntemuE inserted on the crown of the head, close to the eyes, slender and capillary, clothed with scales above, very pilose be- neath especially towards the apex, vsome appearing biciliated in the males, basal joint the stoutest, 2nd subglobose, the re- mainder oblong, terminal joint conical (fig. 1. the base and apex). Maxillce half as long again as the antennae, clothed with scales at the base (3). Labial Palpi porrected obliquely, curved at the base but not at the apex, scaly but not hairy, the terminal joint distinct (4) j triarticulate, basal joint long and robust, 2nd longer and rather more robust, 3rd nearly as long as the first, but slenderer and attenuated to the apex (4 a). Head rather small clothed with scales. Eyes not large. Ocelli 2 ra- ther large (7 a). Thorax ovate. Abdomen linear, obtuse at the apex, sub-ventricose in the females. Wings ample, when at rest nearly forming a triangle, the superior sometimes raised from the in- ferior. Legs rather stout. Tibiae, anterior short, with an internal spine, middle and hinder pair terminated by long spurs, the latter having a pair at the middle. Tarsi 5 -jointed, anterior much longer than the tibia. Claws and Pul villi minute (Sf, hind leg). Cater- pillars with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal, and 2 anal feet? Myljlerana Fab. Ent. Syst, v. 3. pars 2. p. 277- n. 147. Female. Brown with an orange hue. Antennae and legs white, the former dotted, the latter annulated with black. Thorax with the lobes edged with white. Abdomen with the margins of the segments silvery. Superior wings with a space on the interior margin thickly sprinkled with white scales ; 3 white spots on the costa, a white dot near the base and one at the centre, with a smaller one above ; about 7 metallic spots with a pink tint, towards the costa, and between the base and the middle of the wing, a curved but interrupted metallic line nearer the posterior margin, and an abbreviated one parallel and close to the fringe, which is white, brown at the base and black at the apex and at the posterior angle. Inferior wings fuscous, sprinkled a little with white, with a short white transverse stripe towards the margin. Cilia white, with a brown line at the base, an imper- fect fuscous stripe at the centre and black near the superior wings. Under.fide fuscous, 2 white spots on the costa, a long white spot near the middle of the inferior wings, and below it an abbreviated transverse stripe. Male with the antennae pro- ducing very long cilia on each side, (fig. I. b). In the Cabinets of Mr. Hawortli, Mr. Dale, and the Author. This little group, which has long been distinguished as a genus, forms the 2nd division of Treitschke's Asopias, and is included by some authors with the Pyralidae (Hypena, pi. 288, &c.); but there is every reason to believe that it is more nearly allied to the Tortricidae (Pyralis Fab.), and if the caterpillars have 16 feet, Simaethis cannot belong to the Pyralidae, a proof how much remains to be learned of these beautiful and interesting tribes, when we find that the larvae of these moths, some of which are frequently hovering about every flower of the Rag- wort, are unknown. The Simaethes are remarkable for the peculiar manner in which they carry their wings when they settle or walk, the upper ones divaricating a little, and the external margin slightly elevated, so as to discover the under wings. They fly during the day, and are very lively when the sun shines. I shall not at present venture to offer an opinion as to their location, for the structure of the Lepidoptera is so little known, that, excepting the Papilionidae, and the outline proposed by Latreille, I have seen no arrangement that gives me the slight- est idea of their natural affinities. The following are our British species. 1. S. Fabriciana Syst. Nat. 2. 880. 324-. — Fabricii Haiss. 471. 1.— Urticana Hiib. Tort. pi. 44. / 273. ? — Oxyacanthella Linn. 2. 886. 357. — Oxyacanthas Haiso. — dentana Hiib. pi. \.f. 4. 5. — alternalis Treit. Found from April to October on the Ragwort and other plants in Norfolk, Suffolk, Surrey, the Isle of Wight, Dor- setshire, &c. 2. S. pariana Linn. Faun. Siiec. 1341. — Hiib. pi. \.f. \. 2. — par Haw. — parialis Treit. — lutosa Haw. 472. Found in gardens in the autumn. Mr. Haworth's A. lutosa is the same as Hiibner's fig. 1 ; it has been found the beginning of March, but Mr. Dale took it the end of June on an apple- tree at Glanville's Wootton, 3. S. Myllerana Fab.— Curtis' s Brit. Ent. pi. 320.— Mylleri Haw. 472. — Schestediana Fab. 3. p. 279. 152. var. P Taken by Mr. Dale the beginning of June and September upon the Fern, Mint, and Sweet Gale, near Brockenhurst and West Hurn Hants, and on Parley Heath Dorset. I also took it in abundance a few years since on Nettles near Torquay Devon in October, and it is found likewise on Thistles. 4. S. punctosa Haw. Lep. Brit. 472. 6. Mr. Haworth, I believe, has taken specimens in Ashdown Forest, and Mr. Dale found it upon yellow flowers in Middle- marsh- wood, Dorset, the 9th and 15th of August. The palpi and the antennee of the males, in these 2 species differ considerably from the two first. The plant is Mentha hirsuta (Hairy Mint). 128. PYRAUSTA CINGULALIS. The silver-barred Sable. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. PyralidaeZ/cac//. Crambites Z/Cf^. Type of the Genus Pyralis pui*puralis Linn. Pyrausta Schr. — Botys Lat., Leach. — Pyralis, Linn., Hub., Haw, Crambus Fab. — Plialaena Geonietra Linn. j^ntennce nearly capillary, alike in both sexes, inserted between the eyes on the crown of the head, composed of numerous elon- gated joints, covered with scales above, hairy beneath, basal joint robust (fig. 1 a, a few joints magnified). Maxilla spiral, very long and slender, covered with small scales on the external surface towards the base (3). Palpi small ex- serted, arising from a lobe at the base of the maxillae, covered with scales which extend far beyond the apex, composed of three small joints (3 a). Labial Palpi porrected like a beak, longer than the head, robust, covered with scales which extend far beyond their apex (4), 3-jointed, basal joint short curved, 2nd long, slightly attenuated, 3rd small ovate (4 a). Head rather small, covered with long scales, close on the forehead (7). Wings, superior covering the inferior when at rest, slightly deflexed, and forming a triangle. Ocelli 2, remote, situated behind the an- tennce (7 a). Legs long, anterior pair with the tibia much shorter than the femur, with a long spine on the internal side. Tibiae of the 2nd pair with spurs at the apex, of posterior with spurs also above the apex. Tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint as long as the tibia in the anterior pair. Claws minute. Pulvilli minute (8, afore leg). Caterpillars with G pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet P. CiNGULAns Hub. Schmet. Pyr. 5. 30. — cingulata Linn. Faun. Suec. 1303. Brownish black, slightly tinged with purple. Head and palpi beneath dirty white ■ superior wings with a sinuated narrow pale ochraceous stripe parallel to the posterior margin, continued across the inferior wings and forming a semicircular line ; cilise white at their extremities. In the Author's and other Cabinets. All the species that form this beautiful group are day-flying insects, and are generally to be seen hovering about grassy situations when the sun shines. Germar informs us that Schrank in the Fauna Boica, 11. 2, 164, has named them Pyrausta ; but as we have never seen that work, we do not know whether he has given any characters. We believe the ocelli, so very similar to those of JEgeria, have not been noticed by any author. The following are the species recorded as British ; and it is a little singular that not one has been added to the group since Mr. Haworth described them in his Lepidoptera Bri- tannica. 1 P. atralis Linn.^ Don. 8. 266. 4. . July. Grassy places Birch wood. 2 purpuralis Z/.,Z)o?i. 10. 339. 2. May. Hedges and Heaths. 3 ostrinalis Hiih July- Hedges. 4 punicealis Huh. . ■ . . . . June, July, Aug. Heaths, Hampshire. 5 porphyralis Fah. .... July. Heaths. 6 cespitalis Fab July. Chalky places. 7 sordidalis Hiib April, June, July. Chalky and grassy places. 8 anguinalis Hub July. Chalky places. Mr. Walker Southgate. 9 cingulalis Linn June, July. Grassy hills Scotland, Devon. As all the above species are figured by Hlibner we have selected the rarest, which Mr. Dale and myself had the plea- sure of capturing in tolerable plenty, as we ascended Arthur's Seat near Edinburgh the end of June 1825. We observed that whenever a cloud obscured the sun, they ran amongst the roots of the short grass to conceal themselves — P. cingulalis is also met with in Devonshire, and I believe in Hampshire. The plant is Bromus mollis (Soft Brome-grass.) s 495. HYDROCAMPA STRATIOTATA. The ringed China-mark. Type of the Genus, Geometra Stratiotata Linn. Hydrocampa Lett., Goda., Curt. — Nymphula Schr., Och. — Pyralis Hub., Haw. — Geometra Linn. — Phalaena Fab. AntenncE alike in both sexes, inserted close to the eyes on the crown of the head (1), nearly as long as the body, slender, seta- ceous, composed of numerous oblong joints, clothed with scales and ciliated beneath, sometimes with each joint tasselled or knotted beyond the middle to the apex, where they are com- pressed (1 «). Maxilla considerably shorter than the maxillary palpi, composed of 2 filiform threads (3). Palpi smaU, porrected, clothed with scales (7 a), 4-jointed, 3 first joints stout, somewhat cup-shaped, 4th smaller and globose (3 a). Labial Palpi longer than the head, porrected, a little curved and attenuated, clothed with scales (4), triarticulate, basal joint a little the stoutest, somewhat obovate, 2nd longer, subeUiptic, 3rd slender, as long as the first and nearly naked (4 a). Males smaller than the females. Head small, subglobose : eyes lateral, globose and prominent : ocelli two (7, head in profile) . Thorax small and globose. Abdomen long, slender, and tufted at the apex in the male, conical in the female. Wings forming a triangle and depressed tohen at rest, superior rather long, narrow and lanceolate in the female; inferior ovate-trigonate. Legs long and slender. Thighs short, especially the posterior : Tibiae, anterior very short, with an internal spine, 4 posterior long and terminated by long spurs, the hinder pair having 2 also at the middle (Sf) : tarsi very long and 5 -jointed, basal joint the longest, the following gradually decreasing in length : claws and pulvilli very minute. Larvae with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal, and 2 anal feet, generally smooth. Stratiotata Linn. F. S. 341. 1300.— Cwrif. Guide, Gen. 974. 5.— paludata Fab. Male white, antennae knotted towards the apex ; abdomen with the base of each segment blackish : superior wings obtuse, va- riegated with brown, forming an unequal oblique fascia across the centre, the further margin edged with white, a white stripe crenated by a brown line near to the posterior margin and a white dot on the disc in a dark ring ; cilia spotted with darker brown, and white at the base ; inferior with 2 or 3 interrupted brown waved lines across the middle, and a fine one near to the margin ; cilia spotted brown at the base. Female dirty ochre, superior wings more lanceolate, with a small dark ring on the disk, and a faint oblique line beyond it : inferior wings more or less white, with the waved line below the centre generally broad, cilia ochreous. In the Author's and other Cabinets. The habits of the larvae are most remarkable : they cut pieces out of the leaves of the Water-lilies, Frog-bit, Duck-weed and other floating plants, with which they cover themselves as with a shield, rendering themselves so difficult to be seen, that when at rest it is almost impossible to detect them. When they are desirous of removing to any distance, I believe they will leave their cases, (probably during the night, when they are not in danger of being punctured by Ichneumons or flies,) as I have seen them wandering about at that period without their cases. I have on a former occasion alluded to the Scapula Sambu- calis having been included in this genus; but however its ap- pearance may lead any one to suppose it is an Hydrocampa, its structure and ceconomy will at once determine it to belong to another group. For the same reasons H. literalis ought to be removed; and there will then remain two divisions. I regret not being able to transcribe the interesting histories of some of these insects from Reaumur and De Geer, which have been abridged by M. Duponchel in his excellent conti- nuation of Godart's " Lepidopteres de France." A. Labial palpi straight and rather drooping. 1. H. literalis Hilb. t. 1 '6.f. 86. — reticularis Linn. Cab. — Faun. Suec. 1355. — argentalis Fab. — July, moist places. B. Labial palpi recurved, short and very scaly. 2. H. Potamogata L. — Do7i. 11. 363. 1. — Nymphaealis //wZ*., from whom the caterpillar in our plate is drawn, to show its curious habitation : it feeds also on the Pota- mogeton natans. — M. July and b. of August, swampy places on heaths, Hants; e. August, males in mea- dows and on Water-lilies, borders of rivers. 3. H. Nymphaeata Zy. — Potamogalis Z/iV^. — stagnata Z)o?z. ] 1. 3G3. 2. — M. July, moist places round London, &c. — The caterpillar feeds on the Duck-weed. C. Labial palpi recurved, slender and sparingly clothed. 4. H. Lemnata L. — Don. 8. 266. 1 & 2. — uliginata F. ?. — M. May, moist places ; e. July, Fulham, on the Hij- drocharis Mursus-rance (PI. 307.) and the Duck-weed. — The caterpillar forms cases like H. Potamogata. 4". FL magnificalis Och. — Hiib. tab. 16./. 104. $ .—Stated by Treitschke to be a British insect. 5. FI. Stratiotata L. — Curt. B. E. j>L 495. ? (drawn rather larger than life). — B. July, ponds. — The caterpillar feeds on the Strafiofes Aloides (PI. 488.) : it is fur- nished on each side with external tubes connected with the tracheae, which look like hairs : vide De Geer, V. I. t. 37./ 2—6. The Plant is Nijmpha^a{Nuphar Smith) Z?^/'<:fl;( Yellow W'ater- lily). The leaf is reduced about two thirds. 312. SCOPULA LONGIPEDALIS. The long-legged Pearl. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Pyralidae LeacJi. — Crambites Lat. Type of the Genus, Pyralis nebulalls Hub. ScopvLA Schr., Treit., Steph. — Botys Lat., Treit., Staph. — Margaritia Steph. — Pyralis Hub., Haw. — Phalaena Linn., Fab, AntenncB inserted on the crown of the head (7), sometimes as long as the wings, slender setaceous, composed of numerous short joints clothed with scales above pubescent beneath (1 a). Labrum trigonate and transparent. Mandibles densely ciliated on the inside. Maxillce as long as the antennae, spiral, and attenuated, a con- siderable space at the base covered externally with scales, the apex ciliated (3). Palpi distinct curved upward, clothed with long scales at the apex (7 a), 4-jointed, basal joint produced above, 2nd and 3rd subovate, 3rd globose, 4th large ovate (3 a). Labial Palpi rather long, and porrected horizontally, densely covered with scales, robust, acuminated at both ends, the scales forming a pencil and completely concealing the apical joint (4) ; 3-jointed, basal joint shortj 2nd long and rather robust, 3rd minute oval (4 a). Head small. Eyes large globose. Ocelli distinct, placed behind the antenncB (7). Thorax never robust nor crested. Abdomen slender, frequently long and obtuse in the males. Wings various inform, the superior covering the others when at rest and forming a triangle. Legs long. Coxae, anterior long. Thighs, posterior short. Tibiae, anterior very short, clothed with thick scales on the inside, middle and posterior pairs spurred at the apex, the latter having a pair near the middle. Tarsi long, 5 -jointed. Claws and Pulvilli minute (8, a fore leg). Caterpillars with 6 pectoral, 6 or 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Pupae either inclosed in a firm earthy cocoon, or fastened be- tween dry leaves, moss, S^c. LONGIPEDALIS Dale's MSS. Reddish ochre. Palpi as long as the head, white beneath". An- tennae nearly as long as the wings. Eyes blackish. Body very long. Superior wings darkest at the costa, a sinuated dusky striga before the middle, with a small whitish spot on the basal side at its upper extremity, and sometimes a small oblong one on the opposite side but lower down ; a kidney-shaped whitish spot a little beyond the centre, and a very sinuated dull purplish striga nearer the posterior margin. Inferior wings rather small, inclining to a rusty brown, especially at the margin, with 2 faint sinuated lines, one towards the base the other beyond the middle. Legs very long and slender. Obs. Some specimens are of a cinereous ochre colour. In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale and the Author. The type of Lalreille's genus Botys {Phalcena ■purpuraria Linn.) being a Geometra, I have adopted Schrank's name to avoid confusion; and I have not divided the group into genera, because I am not satisfied with Treitschke's characters : but v/hen the structure of the insects and their oeconomy are suffi- ciently understood, they probably may be formed into several genera with great advantage. The following is a perfectly new arrangement; it includes some insects unnoticed as British, and others hitherto placed in genera to which they did not belong. 1. S. Prunalis Wien. F.— leucophaealis Hiib. 1. 12./.77.— albidalis JTmA.IS. 118. — nebulalis Haw. but not of Hub. 2. S. olivalis W. F.— umbralis Hiib. 8. 52.— nivealis Fab. ? Haw. 3. S. sticticalis Linn.? — tetragonalis Haw. — fuscalis Hiib. 7. 45. 4. S. Alpinalis? Hiib. 1 0. 63 The male I took flying at Whittlesea Mere the 18th July, and found a female upon the ground amongst rushes; I also brushed a few males out of the long grass in a marsh at Horning the 24th of last June, and Capt. Chawner captured several flying in the evening. 2. P. derivalis Hiib. tab. 3./. 19. ^. — Goda. v. 8. pi. l.f. 2. June, skirts of woods, Kent; on the 9th of August Mr. Chant found it in Collyer's-wood, Greenhithe, and Mr. Bentley has taken it in Birch-wood. 3. P. emortualis? Hiib. tab. \.f. 1. ? . — Goda.pl. \.f. 1. In Mr. Swainson's Cabinet. The head of the Caterpillar is said to resemble that of an Hesperia ; it feeds upon the Oak, and has been found in Ger- many the beginning of Sept. ; the moth hatched the May fol- lowing. In France it appears twice, in spring and in summer. 4. P. barbalis Linn. — Goda. pi. \. f. 5. — pectitalis Hiib. tab. 19. f. 122. S'—Harr. Expo.pl. 6.f. 2. Middle of May and beginning of June and July, pathways in woods ; I have found it in Coomb-wood. The caterpillar feeds on the Oak and Birch, and according to M. Duponchel, they live through the winter and become pupae in March or April. 5. P. tarsicrinalis Hiib. tab. \.f.5.^. End of June, open parts in woods : the caterpillar feeds on the Trifolium hispanicum. 6. P. nemoralis Fab. — grisealis Hiib. t.l.f. 4. ? . — Goda.pl. 1. End of June open parts of Darent and other woods : — the caterpillar feeds on the Chrysosplenium alternifolium ; it will also eat the nettle and sorrel. The plant figured is Epipactis palustris (Marsh Epipactis), and was found in flower where the Moth figured was taken. 288. HYPENA CRASSALIS. The beautiful Snout. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Pyralidse Curt. Pyralites Lat. Type of the Genus, Pyralis proboscidalis Linn. Hypena Schr., Treit. — Herminia Lat., Leach, Sain. — Crambus Fab., Haw. — Pyralis Linn., Hub. Antennce setaceous, alike in both sexes, inserted on the crown of the head close to the eyes (7*1), composed of numerous sub- turbinate joints, clothed with scales above, pilose beneath (1). Labrum small and triangular. Mandibles distinct, internally very pilose. Maxillce spiral, as long as the antennae and very slender, a con- siderable portion of the extremity furnished with glands (3). Labial Palpi porrected obliquely, much longer than the head, compressed, very thickly clothed with scales (4), triarticulate, basal joint short curved, 2nd very long, thickest at the base, ex- cept at the union, 3rd joint recurved, perpendicular, longer than the Jst, very slender and pointed (4 a). Head sometimes with a conical tuft of scales projecting horizontally. Eyes large globose. Thorax not large. Abdomen rather slender, conical in the females. Wings ample, forming a triangle when at rest, superior subtrigonate, acute, the anterior margin nearly straight. Legs rather long. Coxae ; anterior very long. Thighs very slender. Tibiae j anterior short, producing an internal spine, the others spurred, the posterior having two pair of spurs. Tarsi 5 -jointed, basal joint the longest, but shorter than the tibicc, 5 th the shortest. Claws and Pulvilli minute (8, a fore leg). Caterpillars with 6 pectoral, 6 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Crassalis Fab. Ent. Sijst. 3 pars 2. p. 222. n. 349. Dirty white. Head palpi and thorax brownish, the latter with the tips of the scales darker. Superior wings with a large sub- trigonate deep brown spot margined with white reaching from the base beyond the middle, but not to the interior margin which is slightly carneous, upon it are two black dots ; towards the posterior margin is a curved row of 8 black dots edged externally with white j the apex is fuscous with an oblique brown stripe ; the margin and cilia are spotted. Abdomen and inferior wings fuscous cinereous. In the Author's and other Cabinets. LiNNiEUs's division Pyralis contains insects varying so much in structure that it is undoubtedly necessary to divide it ; and as it is a term which has been apphed to various groups, it will be better to take the first species of Linnaeus as the type, which will include the Herminiae of Latreille with feathei'ed feet and pectinated antennae. If structure be of any importance in the formation of groups, it will also be found necessary to divide what are termed by Latreille Pyralites, into two or more families, as some have the maxillary palpi very distinct, whilst in others they are in- visible; some have a very long spiral tongue, and others none. In adopting Dr. Leach's arrangement, the term Pyralida; has been applied in former parts of this work to unite genera, which might perhaps with more propriety have been called CramhidcE. I am therefore obliged to distinguish the present family by terming it Pyralidae Curt. The genus Hypena contains, 1. proboscidalis L. — Hub.pl. I.f. 7. — H.a*w. — Sejpjp. v. '2. pi. 2. — ensalis Fab. — e. June and August to m. October amongst nettles. 2. crassalis F. — Curt. Brit. Ent.pl. 288. — Achatalis Hub.pl. 2. f. 12. 8^ pi. 21. f. 172 var. ? If the palpi in this figure be correctly given, it belongs to another genus. Mr. Plastead first discovei-ed this beautiful insect in shady groves at Westerham in Kent the beginning of June ; and I have been informed that specimens were taken last year in an old mine near Ashburton, Devon, in August. The caterpillars feed upon nettles and Erica vulgaris (pi. 14f5). 3. palpalis F. — Hiib. pi. 2./. 9. — Haw. 366. 2. — In the late Mr. Francillon's Cabinet. 4. obesalis Treit. — crassalis Hub. pi. 2.f. 8. — Haw. — In Mr. Haworth's Cabinet. 5. rostralis L. — Hiib. 2.f. 10. — Haw. 366. 4. — End of June, the caterpillar feeds on the hop, nettle, &c. 6. vittalis Haw. 367. 5. — radiatalis? Hub. pi. 20. f. 134?. This insect is so badly represented, that it is uncertain whether it be intended for Mr. Haworth's species. Mr. Haworth remarks, " The last 5 species are all uncom- mon in England. By the works of Hiibner they appear like- wise to inhabit the continent of Europe, except vittatus ; and what is more remarkable, I have seen them all from North America." Not one, excepting the 1st, has hitherto been figured in this country. The plant is Urtica dioica (Common Nettle). 503. ASOPIA PICTALIS. Order Lepidopteia. Fam. Pyialidae. Type of the Genus, Pyralis farinalis Linn. AsoPiA Treit., Goda.,Curt. — Agrotera. Schr. — Botys Lat. — Crambus Fab., Haw. — Pyralis Linn., Hilh. — Phalacna Fab. AnteniKe inserted close to the eyes, on the crown of the head, rather long, setaceous, and clothed with long pubescence be- neath in the mide (1). Maxilke spiral, considerably shorter than the antennae, very much attenuated and clothed with scales at the base (3) . Palpi very slender, porrected, triarticulate, basal joint pear-shaped, 2nd subreniform, 3rd small subovate, producing long scales forming a pencil at the apex (7 a & 3 a). Labial palpi curved upward, slightly divaricating, very scaly, the apical joint less so, triarticulate, basal joint short, 2nd twice as long, 3rd minute ovate (4 & 4 a) . Head small and globose : eyes lateral and prominent. Thorax clothed with depressed scales rather long on the sides. Abdomen rather stout, somewhat conical and alike in both sexes. Wings forming an elongate triangle in repose, the superior not always entirely covering the inferior, the former rather narrow and not pointed, the latter rounded. Coxae, anterior large. Tibiae, anterior very short, with an internal spine, intermediate with a pair of spurs at the apex one very long ; posterior long and rather stout, spurred also at the apex and having a pair likewise near the middle (8 f). Larvae unknown. PiCTALis Curt. Guide, Gen. 982. Dull ochreous, eyes black, abdomen brown, edges of segments pale : superior wings lead colour, darkest at the base, with an ochreous spot on each side the thorax, a broad castaneous white fascia across the middle, the margins slightly waved and edged with white, a dark dot towards the centre and several on the costa, which is pale castaneous to the apex ; cilia dirty ochre, blackish at the apex, and a line of dark spots at the base ; in- ferior wings whitish, with a narrow somewhat reddish ochre fascia across the middle, the edges white and very much sinuated, the base lead colour, as well as a narrow space next to the fascia, the apex fuscous, with 3 blackish spots at the anal angle, one of them upon the cilia, which is dirty ochreous. In the Cabinet of Mr. Robertson. AsopiA maybe distinguished from Aglossa (pi. 455), which it most resembles, by its long spiral maxillae ; and the antennae are not pectinated, but merely pubescent in the males ; and this sex when at rest has the tail very much curved. The following species have been detected in Britain, but not one ot" them lias been figured in the works of this country that 1 am aware of. 1. A. flammealis Huh. Pyr. pi. 15. f. 99. — Goda. v. 8. pi. 223. 7. This insect has more pointed wings than the following, and the anterior coxae are very slender and remarkably long ; the scales also on each side of the thorax are very much elongated. M. Duponchel says it flies in society about flowers after sunset. It is not uncommon the end of June in the broom fields at Coombe and Darent Woods : 12 and 28 July, Tor- quay and Valley of Rocks, Mr. Dale : Teignmouth, Captain Blomer : beginning of August, amongst grass and heath, near Blackgang-chine, J. C. 2. A. glaucinalis Linn. — Goda. 223. 2. — nitidalis Hub. 15. 98. In houses, gardens and hedges, July and beginning of August, in the neighbourhood of London. 3. A. costalis Fah. — fimbrialis Hiib. 15. 97. — Goda. 223. 5. B. July, hedges Dartford and Coombe-wood, Mr. Dale. August 22, Hampton Wick, Middlesex, and on garden walls in the New Road, J. C. 4. A. marginatus Haw. Lep. Brit. p. 374?. 23. — rubidalis Hub."^. 15. 96. "(The scarce Meal Moth,) wings brownish, with 2 fuscous bands margined with white, the first at the base, the posterior one marginal." — Hais). In the cabinets of Mr. Swainson and Mr. Raddon, who, I believe, took it near Barnstaple, Devon. 6. A. pictalis Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 503. For the loan of this unique insect I am indebted to G. Robertson, Esq., who found it on the side of a house in Poplar near London in July. It considerably resembles the following species, but it is much smaller, the upper wings are narrower as well as the band, and the base of all the wings is lead colour. 5. farinalis Linn. — Hub. 15- 95. — Goda.pl. 223. 1. Found in houses in July and August ; frequent also in sta- bles, on walls and the trunks of trees in gardens, and on paling in the Regent's Park, beginning of September, J. C. The Plant is Papaver Jiyhridum (Round rough-headed Poppy), communicated by Dr. Jermyn of Swafl'ham Prior, Cambridge. 4SS 4 Act. 455. AGLOSSA STREATFIELDII. The Mendip Tabby Moth. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. PyralidiE. T)/pe of the Genus, PjTalis pinguinalis Linn. Aglossa Lat,, Curt., Goda. — Crambus Fab., Haw. — Pyralis Linn., Hub., Och. Antenna inserted on the crown of the head, close to the eyes, rather long and setaceous, clothed with scales above, pectinated in the male (1), each joint producing 4 short hairy rays, decreas- ing in length to the apex where the joints are only pubescent : simple in the female and pubescent beneath (1 ?). Maxilla very small membranous, attenuated, curved, slightly pu- bescent at the base, with a few short scattered hairs (3) ; Palpi larger, porrected a little obliquely, clothed with scales and triar- ticidate, basal joint somewhat pear-shaped, 2nd oblong, 3rd the stoutest, subovate (3 a) . Labial Palpi projecting considerably beyond the head, nearly horizontal, the apex raised, clothed with short scales above and long beneath (4 a),triarticulate, 1st and 3rd joints of equal length, the latter slender, 2nd long and subfusiform (4 a). Head rather small, with depressed scales : thorax not large, clothed with long hairy scales : abdomen linear in the male, tufted at the apex in both sexes, conical in the female and furnished with a retractile tube at the apex. Wings entire and obtuse, forming a triangle when at rest. Thighs, anterior short. TibiJE, anterior very short, with a strong in- ternal spine ; middle pair spurred at the apex, as ivell as the posterior, ivhich are long and have a pair of spurs at the middle : tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint long : claws minute. Cateqiillars tvith 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Pupa inclosed in a silky cocoon covered with surrounding fragments. Dup . Streatfieldii Curt. MSS. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 983, 2\ Male, Lurid ochre, speckled with fuscous and rather glossy : antennae ciliated beneath : palpi with a dusky spot on the inside of the 3rd joint at the base : eyes blacldsh : superior wings with an angulated brown bar at the base, a dot on the disc towards the costa, a fimbria of the same colour at the posterior margin, having the internal edge sinuated, with a row of black dots at the base of the ciUa, where there is an ochreous line extending along the margin, nervures pale : inferior wings rather palest at the base. In the Author's Cabinet. It is due to M. Duponchel to observe, that in his characters of this genus, he says " Proboscis none or only rudimentary" for with this exception the existence of maxillae has been uni- versally denied by authors in the genus Aglossa, a name that unfortunately implies the absence of a proboscis or tongue, for it will be seen by referring to our^^. 3. that there are maxillae although very small and imperfect. The following species have been found in Britain : 1. A. dimidiata Hanx). Lep. Brit. 372. 19. Beginning of August in the warehouses of the East India Company in London, and the larvae are stated topfeed on the tea in the chests ; — of course it is not a native insect. 2. A. cuprealis Hiib. tab. 23./ 153. ? .~Goda.pl, 213./5. ? , — capreolatus Haw. End of July and August in houses, Wimborne Dorset and Hampton Wick Middlesex, Mr. Dale. Snaresbrook Essex, Mr. Davis. Stables Coombe-wood, J. C. 2*. A. Streatfieldii Curt. Brit. Enf.pl. 455. This remarkably distinct species was taken at Compton Bishop at the foot of the Mendip Hills Somerset, by the Rev. John Streatfield of Christ's College Cambridge, who most liberally presented it to me for the illustration of the genus Aglossa. 3. A. pinguinalis Linn. — Hub. tab. 4./. 24-. cJ. — Goda.pl. 213. J", 6. ^ . — pinguiculatus Haw. var. Middle of July, under stones, sides of Cliff Dover, J. C. ; end of July to middle of August, houses, stables and offices. The larva of this moth unlike most others feeds upon animal substances, such as butter and bacon, and is stated by LinniEus to inhabit even the human stomach, where it is one of the most dangerous of worms, possibly from its capability of perforating the intestines ;— he adds that it may be expelled by an infusion of the Lichen cumatilis. Although it is many years since Lin- naeus made this remark, no one has either confirmed or con- tradicted it ; we go on copying the statement, and know perhaps less on the subject than he did at that time: this surely must arise from the ignorance or negligence of those who have op- portunities of observing the various living animals that inhabit the human body. The Plant is Vicia sylvatica (Wood Vetch), from the Isle of Wight, communicated by James Vine, Esq. 587. GALLERIA MELLONELLA. The Honey-comb Moth. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Crambidae. Type of the Gems, Tinea mellonella Linn. Galleria Fab., Haw., Och., Curt. — Tinea Linn., Hub. Antennce shortest in the males, setaceous, pubescent beneath, basal joint a little elongated, clavate and margined with scales beneath (1). Maxilla very short, membranous, curved and obtuse, basal half densely clothed with scales (3) ; rather longer in the female. Palpi entirely concealed in the male, short and triarticulate, two first joints small, 3rd large, obcordate, and clothed with long tufted scales (3 a) ; rather more pear-shaped in the female, in which sex they are not quite concealed (7 ? a). Labial palpi short, rigid, ascending and very much curved in the piale (7 , 4), and bowed externally when viewed in front (7) ; triarticulate, basal joint short and robust in the male (4 a^), 2nd longer, stout and a little attenuated, 3rd the longest, slen- derer and terminated by 2 closely united claws ; longer, droop- ing and incurved in the female (7 ? , 4), approximating at the base and scarcely divaricating, stout and densely clothed with scales, basal joint rather stout, 2nd inflated, longer and ovate, 3rd as long as the 1st, somewhat elongate-conic (4 a). Head conical in the male (7 (J), more obtuse in the female, with a dense brush of hairs hanging over the forehead (7 $ ) .- eyes prominent and ovate. Thorax robust, scutellum crested at the apex : Abdomen conical, terminated by a little tuft in the male, and a slender ovipositor in the female. Wings somewhat convoluted in repose, being de- pressed on the back, and compressed at the extremity, rather short and broad in the male, the anterior truncated and emarginate, form- ing a lobe towards the posterior angle ; longer, narrower and much less emarginate in the female ; cilia short. Legs stout ; tibiae, an- terior short with a small internal spine, the others broad at the apex, with a pair of spurs, the hinder with a pair also a little below the middle : tarsi 5-jointed, the basal joint rather stout and elongated in the 4 posterior. Larvae nearly naked, with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet ; forming galleries amongst the comb in Beehives, in which they live. Mellonella Linn. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 984. 2. Male subochreous ; a long spot on the thorax and tips of the scales round the apex dark brown : superior wings livid, with an interrupted line of tubercles along the middle, grey above, an elongated brown spot on the costa ; inferior margin ochreous, variegated with castaneous, an incurved line of black dots and streaks beyond the middle, terminating in 2 large ones on the inner margin ; inferior wings fuscous palest at the base. Female with the thorax and superior wings purplish brown with less grey along the middle, and all the markings less distinct ; inferior wings ochreous white ; cilia fuscous. The genus Galleria was established by Fabricius to charac- terize the Moths living in beehives. In the habits and struc- tui*e of the trophi G. mellonella is so very similar to Ilithya Lat. that it seems scarcely necessary to separate them, but G. alve- aria is so very clifFerent, that Hiibner associates it with the Li- thosiffi, and has called it Gen. 983''. Achroia. 1. alvearia Fab. — grisella jpai. — cinereola Bomb. 23. 91. Pale cinereous, superior wings fuscous : labial palpi short and subhorizontal in both sexes : head clothed with ochreous depressed scales ; wings elliptical, apex ovate : expanse, $ 8 and 9 9 lines. This species runs very quick : Mr. Haworth used to find it in the neighbourhood of London in June. The larva feeds on the honey in beehives ; and I suspect the figures 7, 8, 9, pi. 19. of Reaumur, are intended to represent this and not the following insect. Gen. 984. Galleria Fab. 2. Mellonella i/nw. — Curt. B.E.j^l.SSl. S • ? • — cereana/^z'nn. Wherever there are beehives these insects are occasionally found, and sometimes in such abundance as to destroy the entire contents, compelling the bees to seek another habitation. Linnaeus states that it was not introduced into Sweden until 1 760, when it was imported with beehives from Germany, and as he Ji7-st described it under the name of Mellonella I have used it in preference. The larva shown feeding on the comb is copied from Hiib- ner. The moths appear from the end of June to August, and last summer they were in such prodigious quantities, that Mr. Doubleday of Epping bred about 300 specimens, a pair of which were presented to me by Mr. F. Walker. Since the genus Melia was published in Feb. 1828 (a year and a half before Mr. Stephens's Catalogue appeared, v/hich makes it impossible for me to have followed him as he states in his Illustrations), we have learned from Ochsenheimer's 9th vol. that T. colonella and sociella, Linn., are the sexes ; this will render the following alterations necessary in the Guide and fol. 201 of this work. Gen. 985. Ilithya Lat. A. Labial palpi with the terminal joint the longest in the males; superior wings obtuse. 1. colonella Linn. ? . — sociella Fab. — tribunella Hub. 2. anella Fab. — bipunctana Ent. Trans. — sociella Hub. Gen. 986. Meliana Guide. B. Labial palpi with the 2nd joint the longest. * Superior wings lanceolate, somewhat acute. 1. flammea Curt. Brit. Ent. v. 3. pi. 201. ** Superior wings obtuse. 2. sericea Curt. Brit. Ent. v. 3. fol. 201''. The Plant is Stellaria uliginosa (Bog Stitch wort). 201. MELIA FLAMMEA. OnoER Lepidoptera. Fam. Pyralidae Leach. Crambites Lat. Type of the Genus Tinea sociella Fah. Melia Nob, — Lithosia Fah., Haw. — Tinea Linn., Fab., Hub. Antennce alike in both sexes, inserted close to the eyes, on each side the crown of the head, not very long, setaceous, covered with scales above, pubescent beneath, basal joint very robust (fig. 1 a). Maxilla rather longer than the head, a considerable portion co- vered with scales externally (3). Palpi arising from a scape at the base of the maxillfe, concealed by scales, triarticulate basal joint small globose, 2nd large, 3rd very large, subovate-conic, producing veiy long scales (3 a). Labial Palpi curved upward, thickly clothed with scales (4), tri- articulate, basal joint robust, 2nd scarcely so thick, cylindric,. truncated obliquely, 3rd the longest, spoon-shaped, hollow, co- riaceous at one edge, submembranous and ciliated at the other (4 a), and terminated by a bifid claw or tooth (4 b). Head short. Eyes not very large. Abdomen obtuse in the males, acu- minated in the females. Wings convoluted when at rest : superior rather long and narrow, inferior ample. Legs, anterior the shortest. Tibiae, anterior with a short flat spine on the internal side, the others with spurs at their apex, the hinder pair having 2 towards the middle. Tarsi 5-jointed. Claws and Pulvilli small (8 afore leg). Larvae with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet ? Flammea Nob. Fuscous, with a pale reddish tinge. Superior wings with a brown flame-like space along the centre, (narrowed at the base,) above which is a short narrow ochraceous stripe, 5 or 6 minute brown spots forming a curved line near the posterior margin, upon which there are 7 minute black spots, alternating with the nervures, which are pale inclining to white towards the costa, the internal margin sprinkled with dark spots j inferior wings rather paler, their cilia whitish. Li the Cabinet of Mr. Dale. As the following insects have their maxillary palpi developed, although they are concealed by the scales of the forehead, Fabricius and those writers who have followed him in uniting M. socia with Lithosia, have been misled by analogy: the singular terminal joint of the labial palpi of that insect would have induced us to make a separate genus of it, had we not the strongest aversion to multiply names except where it is un- avoidable ; we have therefore made it the type of a genus which will connect Galleria with Chilo, a group separated from Ci'ambus ; for it appears that M. socia is nearly related to both, and M. Jlammea is a Chilo in habit, but it wants their elongated palpi. The antennas and legs of the following species agi'ee per- fectly, but other differences render it advisable to form them into three divisions. A. Labial palpi with the terminal joint the longest The superior wings obtuse. 1. M. socia Fab. — Haw. — sociella Fab. — Tribunella Hilb. Middle of July in and near gardens round London, in Norfolk, Yorkshire, Perthshire, &c. 2. M. bipunctana Haw. MSS. — sociella Hub. Tinite, pi. 4. Taken by Mr. Hatchett at the Jews' Burying Ground, Stepney. It is necessary to observe that I have not had an opportunity of examining this species. B. Labial palpi with the second joint the longest. * Superior wings obtuse. 3. M. sericea Nob. This insect has a silky appearance. The thorax and superior wings are dull ochreous with a carneous tinge, minutely freckled with fuscous, and a row of dots at the posterior margin of the same colour; the body is paler, and the inferior wings almost white ; it is not so large as M. Jlammea. I once took a specimen in a garden in Suffolk, flying late at night, the end of June ; and Mr. Dale took a moth the 29th of June at Whittlesea Mere, which I think is the same species. ** Superior wings lanceolate, somewhat acute. 4. M. flammea Nob. The only specimen I have seen of this insect, was purchased of a collector by Mr. Dale. It is understood to have been taken at Lewisham near London. The plant is Sisymbrium Nasturtium (Water Cress). 727. CHILO LANCEOLELLUS. The lance-winged Veneer. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Crambidae. Type of the Gems, Tinea consortella Hiih. CiiiLo Zinck., Och., Goda., Curt. — Schoenobius Dupon. — Topentis Hub. — Lithosia Fab. — Palparia Haw. — Tinea Hub., Fab. Antennce inserted on the crown of the head, near the eyes, rather short, setaceous, scaly above, pubescent beneath, each joint producing longish hairs at the apex (1), shorter and siniple in the female. Maxilla very much shorter than the labial palpi, slightly spiral (3). Pa/pi as long, porrected obliquely, densely clothed with scales (7 a), 4-jointed (3 a), basal joint obovate, 2nd globose, 3rd stouter and obovate, 4th twice as large, stout and oval. Labial palpi very scaly, as long as the head and thorax, por- rected horizontally lilce a beak, the apex slightly drooping (4), triarticulate, basal joint short, 2nd very long, slightly fusiform, slenderest at the base, 3rd slender short and elliptical (a). Head small, transverse-ovate : eyes large, globose (7, the profile). Thorax small and oval. Abdomen long and slender with a small tuft at the apex in the male ; very much thickened towards the apex in the female, and either rounded or pointed, with a dense bundle of hairs. Wings generally broader in the males and truncated ob- liquely ; narrow, lanceolate and slightly falcated in the females : inferior ample and folded, most ovate and pointed in the female : cilia moderate. Legs slender, hinder very long : coxae, anterior long : thighs tolerably equal : tibiae, anterior very short, with n short internal spine, intermediate with a pair of spurs at the apex : hinder very long, spurred at the apex, with a longer but unequal pair also at the middle : tarsi very long and 5 -jointed, basal joint very long, terminal the shortest : claws very minute (8 f, hind leg). " Larvae naked, head and thorax horny and polished, iinth 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Pupae inclosed in a cocoon, in reeds, 8;c." Lanceolella Hub. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 988. 4''. Female ochreous : superior wings long, lanceolate and pointed, orange-ochre with an undefined dash of brown nearly parallel to the costa, and a curved one arising at the apex and divari- cating from the posterior margin, with a brown dot near the termination on the disc : inferior wings straw-coloured white, deepest at the apex : abdomen yellowish buiF. In the Author's and other Cabinets. The form of the palpi will distinguish this group from Harpypterix, pi. 535, to which it is closely allied. The larvae live in the stems of reeds and grasses, feeding upon the pith ; and a species discovered by the late Mr. L. Guilding, which he named Diatrea Sacchari, is injurious to the Sugar-cane. The ingenious way in which the Caterpillar transports itself from one stalk to another, when it finds nothing more to eat in the first it inhabited, is so curious, that I shall copy Treitschke's remarks. " Surrounded by water as the larva is that cannot be very easy ; it overcomes the difficulty how- ever, in the following manner : it cuts a piece of the stalk which incloses it, the length of its body ; this piece of stalk then becomes a portable case for it, in which it crosses the water without wetting itself, for it has taken the precaution to close both ends. When arrived near a stalk which suits, it thrusts the fore part of the body out of its case, climbs up against the stalk, dragging the case after it, and attaches it there to the same place that it has chosen to introduce itself into the stalk ; so that it is secure fron:; all danger during the period of its passage from one reed to another." The following are recorded as British species : 1. forficellus Thunb., Wood, pi. 4!8,fA523. — h\rta,Haiv. (J. — consortella Hub. pi. 32./. 220 c?. June and July fiying amongst sedges and Iris Pseudacorus, sides of canal at Paddington and banks of the Thames ; sides of ponds Kensington Gardens ; Epping Forest ; Norfolk ; and Whittlesea Mere. Caterpillar feeds in stalks of Poa aquatica. 2. lanceolellus Hub. pi. 4.3./. 296 ? .—Curt. B. E. pi. 727 ? . Never having taken this insect, although 1 have met with multitudes of C. forficellus, I agreed with fjiibner in consider- ing them as distinct species, but they are stated positively to be the sexes by M. Moritz. 3. fumeus //atu. — Wood, Jig. 1524- S- June, Norfolk, amongst reeds, Mr. Skrimshire; Whittlesea Mere and near London. 4. punctigerellus Step. — Wood, Jig. 1525 Very similar to the male of C. gigantellus. " Taken near Whittlesea Mere in July." Wood. 5. gigantellus Hiib. 8. 53 ? .—Goda. pi. 267. f.2 $ % -con- voluta Fab. — Wood's Jig. 1527 is not this species, it is more like C. Phragmitellus. June on Hackney Marshes, Mr. Hatchett; July, Whittle- sea Mere, Mr. Dale. The Caterpillar lives in the young stalks oi' Arundo Phragmites from the end of May to the end of Aug. 6. caudellus Linn. — acuminella Hiib. 41. 284 ?. — mucro- nellus Goda. pi. 283. f. 1 c? ? • Wood's Jig. 1528 is not Hiibner's insect, but probably a wasted variety of No. 1. June, woods near Dartford and Erith, Kent, amongst Iris Pseudacorus. 7. Phragmitellus Hub. 43. 297 S- '^98 ? .— rhombea Ha-uo. — I have never seen a specimen so light as Wood'sjig. 1 520, and there ought to be a dark dot on the disc of each upper wing. June and July amongst reeds, on which the larvas feed, Whittlesea Mere and Norfolk, Dr. Skrimshire. I am indebted to J. G. Children, Esq. and VV, W. Saunders, Esq. for the Star-headed Thrumwort, Actinocarpus Davia- sonium. 535. HARPIPTERIX SCABRELLA. The wainscot Hooktip. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Crambidas. Type of the Genus, Tinea nemorella Lhm. Harpipterix IJilb., Oc/i. —Plutella Schr., Cm?-?.— Hypsolopha Hiib., OcA — Alucita and Ypsolophus Fab., //aw— Palparia Haw.— Tinea Linti. Antennce porrected in repose, shorter than the wings, setaceous, clothed with scales ahove, pilose, composed of numerous joints, hasal one long, robust and scaly above, 2nd and 3rd somewhat cup-shaped, the remainder increasing in length to the apical joint, which is short and subconic (1, portions of the base and apex). Maxillce spiral longer than the labial palpi, but very much shorter than the antennjE (3) . Palpi minute (7 a) and generally con- cealed, biarticulate, basal joint globose and pilose, 2nd longer and subovate (3 a). Labial palpi recurved, but appearing to be horizontal (4), very scaly, the scales produced horizontally very fax beyond the apex of the 2nd joint beneath, the terminal one being naked and rising apparently from the centre of the palpus ; triarticulate, basal joint not short, but stout and recurved, 2nd longer and stouter, ventricose, 3rd the shortest, elongate- ovate (4 a). Head small, the crown thickly clothed ivith scales forming 2 elevated longitudinal lines : eyes lateral, prominent and globose. Thorax rather small, clothed with depressed scales. Abdomen rather short, a little tufted in the males, conical in the females. Wings deflexed in repose, superior long and linear, the costa arched, the tip hooked : inferior subovate. Legs, anterior the shortest, posterior the longest : tibiae, anterior icith an internal spine, the others terminated by long spurs, the hinder having a pair at the middle : tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint long, terminal one small : claws and pulvilli minute. Larvae with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Hiib. Pupse inclosed in a long fusiform silky cocoon. ScABRELLA Linn. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 989. 2. — pterodactylella Hiib., Tin.tab.l5. fig. 102. White, sides and tips of palpi tawny ; lateral scales of thorax brownish ; costal half of anterior wings pale brownish flesh- colour, with longitudinal rays of white, a black dot at the centre and 4 others in a line towards the apex ; interior half of wings dull castaneous-purple, with a few pale stripes and others fer- ruginous and blackish, there are also 3 large tufts of scales forming an oblique line directed towards the apex, and a few smaller ones, the apex very much hooked, from the cilia which are ferruginous, being elongated and rounded at the posterior angle : inferior wings pale fuscous, becoming whitish at the base. Obs. This species varies considerably ; in the specimen figured the dark portion of the superior wings forms an indented line . In the Author's and other Cabinets. By Treitschke's 9th Vol. I learn that the type of Schrank's genus Plutella is Tinea Xyloste.lla Linn. 1 have therefore adopted Hiibner's name of Harpipterix (Scythe-winged). Harpipterix approaches so near to Chilo that it is difficult to determine to which, one of the species belongs ; in the Guide I included it in the latter group, but on comparing the palpi I think it may be admitted into the former genus, which con- tains the following British species. 6. H. cultrella Tin. 16. 109. ? .— Acinacidellus Hub.34!. 237. End of June marshy places ; in a field at Kimpton, Rev. G. T. Rudd, and Mr. Dale took one at Blandford that came to a lighted candle the 8th of November. The Caterpillar feeds on Euonyrmis eiiropceus (pi. 194). 1. H. nemorella Li7in. — hamella Hub. 41. 282. June and July marshy places ; August woods. — The Ca- terpillar feeds on Lonicera Caprifolium (pi. ]24). 2. H. scabi'ella Linn. — Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 535 9 . The Caterpillar feeds on the common Plum-tree, and the Moth appears in July. 3. H. asperella Linn. — Huh. 15. J 01. — falcatella Don. 10. pi. 355. 5. This beautiful little Moth has been taken by Mr. Dale and myself amongst the lichen on Apple-trees in his Orchard at Glanville's Wootton, the 8th of September and the 1st and 17th of October. 4. H. harpella W. V.—Huh. 16. 110.— dentella Fab. Middle of July, hedges and gardens on the Honeysuckle, on which the Caterpillar feeds. 5. H. subfalcatella Blunfs MSS. ? Length 3, breadth 10 lines: purplish-brown: superior wings with an ochreous or coppery tinge, mottled with a darker colour, 5 or 6 black dots on the costa beyond the middle, interior margin obscurely coloured with purplish grey, bounded by an indented line, on which are 2 or 3 dark tufts of scales : abdomen and inferior wings satiny white, the apex of the former and margin of the latter fuscous. This species has been taken in the New Forest, and as it is not the T.falcella of Hiibner, which it was at first stated to be, I have added the above characters to identify it. The Plant is Pyrus torminalis (Wild Service tree), commu- nicated by E. T. Bennett, Esq. 559. NASCIA CILIALIS. The Cambridge Veneer. Order Lepidoptem. Fam. Crambidas. Type of the Genus, Pyralis cilialis H'tib. Nascia Curt. — Crambus Curt. — Margaritia Step. — Pyralis HUb. Antennce placed rather behind the crown of the head, shorter than the body, slender, filiform, clothed with scales above, pu- bescent beneath, with a few bristles at remote distances (1). Maxilla: spiral, longer than the palpi and clothed with scales outside at the base (3) . Palpi distinct, porrected obliquely and clothed with scales, forming a truncated and thickened apex (7 a). Labial palpi long, slightly drooping (7, 4), projecting far beyond the head and meeting like a beak (7*4), stout and attenuated, densely clothed with scales, triarticulate ? Head small, subglobose, clothed ivith slender scales on the crown, fall- ing down between the antenna: eyes small lateral and prominent : ocelli minute (7 the head in profile, 7* upper side of same). Thorax clothed with depressed hairs. Abdomen rather short and slender. Wings, superior subtrapezate, the apex acute and appearing slightly hooked ; inferior, triangular rounded ; cilia short. Anterior coxae long and stout (8 c) ; thighs rather long and stout ; tibiae short, with a long internal spine {I); tarsi long and 5 -jointed, basal joint the longest, apical the shortest : claws and pulvilli minute : the other legs are wanting in my specimen. Caterj)illar, &c. unknown. Cilialis Hiib. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 990. 1 . Pale orange ; head pale ochreous, margins of eyes and under- side of antennae white, superior wings with the costa and all the nervures bright ferruginous, the former with a grayish bloom, the edge white ; cilia whitish with a brown line at the base ; inferior wings ochreous, yellowish white at the base; cilia whitish. In the Author's Cabinet. When the genus Scopula was illustrated I corrected nume- rous errors committed in that group by Mr. Stephens in his Syst. Cat. ; nine of his specific names were synonymous, two of his species had no claim to be admitted into our British lists, and five others belonging to this were placed in other generaf . I am glad to find that he has adopted all these cor- t Vide folio .312, where P. ncbulalis Hiib. is given as the type, but it ought to have been P. ncbulalis of Haivorth. rections in his Illustrations ; anil that he has not noticed the source from whence he derived his information is of little con- sequence. The insect before us he has retained in his genus Margaritia, which Hiibner has divided into no less than 16 genera, to which Mr. Stephens has added another. I only notice this to show the absolute folly of adopting such arrangements founded merely on markings of the wings, &c. 1 admit that Avhere these indicate a difference of structure either in the an- tennae, legs, or trophi, they may be kept in view, and prove useful, but unsupported by such characters they are puerile distinctions, and will never, it is to be hoped, be admitted to overload science with useless names, by those who write to elucidate the study of natural history. The only specimen I have seen of N. cilialis came into my possession when I purchased the valuable collections of the late Mr. Edward Blunt. It was taken many years since, in the month of June, in the neighbourhood of Cambridge, by his brother, the Rev. W. Blunt. From a careful examination of this insect, it proves to be so different to any of the genera before illustrated in this work, and others of which I have any knowledge, that it ought not to be included in any of them, for whilst its general habit is sin- gularly intermediate between Scopula and Crambus, the short- ness of its maxillae at once distinguishes it from both those genera. The Plant is Iris Pseudacoriis (Water Flag). 109. CRAMBUS RADIELLUS. The Rayed Veneer. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Pyralidae Z-rac/i. Crambites Z/a^, Type of the Genus Phalsena Pascuella Linn. Cbambus Fah., Lat., Leach. Palparia Haw. PhaliEna (Tinea) Linn., Fab. Tinea IJiib. .Antenna alike in both sexes, inserted between the eyes near the back of the head, setaceous, composed of numerous elongated joints, covered with scales above, ciliated beneath j basal joint robust (f. 1 a, a few joints magnified). Maxilla: long, slender, hairy towards the base (3, 3). Palpi ex- serted, tufted with scales (7 a) ; 4-jointed ? 2 first joints minute, 3rd longer obovate, 4th equal in length to the others, elongate- ovate (3 a). Labial palpi-porrected like a beak, very long and slender, covered with short scales (4), 3-jointed, basal joint short robust^ 2nd very long attenuated, 3rd long attenuated (4 a). Head covered with short close scales, rather gibbose before. Wings convoluted when at rest : superior narrow, truncated a little obliquely at the extremity ; inferior ample. Legs rather long, anterior pair with the tibia much shorter than the thigh, with a small internal spine. Tarsi ^-join ted, basal joint as long as the tibice in the anterior pair (8, a fore leg). Tibise of the 2nd pair with spurs at the apex; of posterior with spurs also above the apex. Claws slender, minute. Pulvilli small. Caterpillars with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal, and 2 anal feet ? Obs. The dissections are taken from Tinea paleella Hub. Radiellus Nobis. — radiella Hub., Schmet. Glossy, dull ferruginous ochre. Antenna gray. Maxillary palpi internally whitish. Labial palpi fuscous at the apex. Thorax ferruginous, whitish at the base of the superior wings. Abdomen cinereous, inclining to violet at the base. Superior wings darkest towards the base with a silvery white line in the centre, dilated towards the apex, extending nearly to the posterior margin, where it is truncated obliquely ; radiated more or less on the internal edge, in some only angulated. Inferior wings very pale yellow, speckled with brown, rosy at the base and internal margin ; cilia whitish,' tinged with ochre at the base, in the superior wings. Legs gray. TarSi fuscous. Beneath pale yellowish gray. Ab- domen fuscous. Superior wings with 2 fuscous broad rays from the base, not touching the costa. In the Cabincls of Mr. Dale and the Author. This genus belongs to a familv distmguislied by having 2 di- stinct pair of palpi, and which we have not before touched upon. Crmnhus is separated from Chilo (which it follows) by its less lanceolate wings and shorter legs, and from Phycis by its simple antennae and porrected palpi. With the economy of this fine genus we are unacquainted; the perfect insects fly in the evening, and are remarkable for settling with their heads downward, an attitude that probably assists them in expanding their ample wings, which are so curiously convo- luted round them, giving a cylindrical appearance to the in- sect. Many individuals of this genus are amongst our com- monest Lepidoptera ; and when walking under our brightest summer sun, through gi-ass or fern, at every step our attention is diverted by the flight of this pretty race. Mr. Haworth has described most of the species of our genus (about 30 in number) in his Lepidoptera Britannica, under the name of Palparia. I shall therefore only enu- merate the following rare species, which have been considered as belonging to this group : but I must not omit to remark, that, excepting the 2 first, it is not from my own observations. 1. Crambus margaritaceus Fah. — Taken by Mr. Dale and myself, July 1825, in Perthshire. 2. latistrius Haw. — Taken in August by Mr. Dale in Dorsetshire and Hampshire. 3. chrysonuchella Hiib. 4. barbus Haw. 5. auriferus Hiib. — Haw. 6. aridellus Hiib. — Taken at Daren t, Kent, by Mr. Stone. 7. tetrix Haw. 8. tentaculeus Hiib. — Haw. — Taken at Coombe, Surrey. The species figured, which I believe to be a variety only of T. radiella Hiib. (Mr. Dale's other specimens having ra- diations), may be readily distinguished from C. margaritaceus (to which it is nearly allied), by its shorter palpi, the head not being white, the thorax entirely ferruginous, the stripe on the wings being narrower, more or less rayed, the inferior wings very much paler, clouded with ochre; and the cilia of the su- perior wings is white, and the underside very much darker. Mr. Dale was so fortunate as to capture 2 specimens of C. radiellus on the summit of Ben Lawers, and 2 others near the top of Craig-challoch near Killin, the middle of July. The pretty Silene acaidis (Moss Catchfly or Campion), which grew in large masses there, was in flower at the time. I 2JJ ! 233. PHYCITA PINGUIS. The Tabby Knot-born. Ordeu Lepidoptera. Fam. Pyralidae Leach. Crambites Lat. Type of the Genus Tinea spicicella Fab. Phycita Nob. — Phycis Fab., Haw. — Tinea Fab., Hub. Antenna inserted on the crown of the head, long and setaceous, covered with scales above with hair beneath, the basal joint large and ovate, 6 or 7 of the following slender in some males, forming a curve and producing a large oval mass of scales (I), a few of the succeeding very short and transverse, produced on the in- ternal side (1 a, the scales being removed). MaxillcB not so long as the antennae, very spiral, densely clothed with scales towards the base, with a few minute tentacula at the apex (3). Palpi scarcely visible (7 a), triarticulate, basal joint small, subglobose, 2nd larger obovate, 3rd as robust but shorter (3 a). Labial Palpi as long as the head and recurved, rather slender and clothed with short scales (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint not short, subreniform, 2nd twice as long, veiy much curved, slightly attenuated, 3rd shorter than the 1st slender elongate-ovate (4 a). Head not large. Eyes globose. Thorax robust. Abdomen reaching beyond the wings when extended, linear in the males and capable of producing a brush of beautiful hair, elongate-conic in the females. Wings convoluted when at rest, superior elongate trigonate, inferior ample and very much folded. Tibiae, anterior with a small spine on the internal side, middle and posterior terminated by a pair of spurs, the latter having a pair above the apex. Tarsi 5 -jointed, basal joint the longest. Claws and. Pulvilli minute. Caterpillars naked ? with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and. 2 anal feet. PiNGUis Haw. Lep. Brit. 493. 6. Pale dull ochre inclining to fuscous. Antennae simple in both sexes. Head and thorax fuscous, a blackish spot on each side the latter ; the body fuscous, margin of segments ochreous. Su- perior wings freckled with black, the base black, excepting a space at the insertion and a waved striga before the middle which are the colour of the ground, a sinuated waved line beyond the middle margined with black on the internal side, more suffused with black next the posterior margin on which are 6 or 7 minute black spots : inferior wings paler, the nervures and margin pale fuscous. In the Cabinets of Mr. Haworth, Mr. Marshall, and the Author. A CONSIDERABLE number of the males in this genus may be recognized by the peculiar knot, as it is termed, of the an- tennte, which upon dissection proves to be a bundle of scales attached to the joints : as liowever the females and many of the other sex have simple antennae, the recurved palpi will be a more constant character to distinguish our genus from Crambus, to which it is nearly related. Phycis having been long employed to designate a group of fishes, it cannot be re- tained with propriety. The following are our British species, but those with * being desiderata, I may be mistaken in their affinities. A. Superior wings whitish spotted with black. 1. nebulea Haxv., i^wi.— Sand-hills near Christchurch, Hants, August? 2. Cardui Haiso. — Cribella Hiih., Goda. — May, June, m. August. Thistles. B. Superior wings not white. * Antennae of males dilated near the base. 3. sanguinea Haw., Hiib. — carnella. Don. 5. 153. 5. — May, b. Aug. Meadows near Dover. 4. carnea Linn., Fab., Hiib. — Found with the last flying at sunset. *5. decuriella. Hiib. pi- H.y^ 74. — 10 July, amongst dry cones of Fir-trees, Parley Heath, J. C. Dale, Esq. 6. legatea Haw. — legatella HUb. 7. cristea Haw. — spicicella Hiib. 8. spissicornis Fab., Haw. — spiciceWa Fab. — Cristella, Hiib. — June, Epping Forest. 9. fusca Haw. — New Forest, Charles Lyell, Esq. 10. contubernea Hiib., Haw. — June, b. July, dry chalky fields. 11. diluta Haw. — dilutella Hiib. — undella Fab. ? 12. formosa. Haw. 494. 9. ** Antennae of males not dilated near the base. 13. consociella. Hiib. pi. 'iS./i 328. 14. verrucea Haw. — verrucella Hiib. 15. fascia. Haw. 496. 15. *16. obtusa i/flTO. — ohtuseWa. Hiib. 17. palumbea Haw. — palumbella Fab. ? Hiib. 18. marmorea Haw. — var. abietella Fab. P 19. porphyrea Curt. MSS. 20. pinguis Haw. — Curt. Brit. Ent. 233. — The female figured was taken 5th July upon the trunk of an Elm-tree in the Green Park by Thomas Marshall, Esq. 21. bistriga Haw. — B. June, July, skirts of Woods. 22. angusta Haw. — angustella Hiib. 23. elutea Haw. — elutella Hiib. *24. semirufa Haw. — Near London. *25. rufa Haw. — Old shady pales near London. The plant is Orchis {Habenaria) bifolia (Butterfly Orchis), communicated by Sir John Tylden. I I 170. EUDOREA MURANA. The Scotch Gray. Order Lepidoptera. Yam. VyniVidas Leac/i. Crambites Za/. Type of the Genus Tinea Pyralella Hub. EuDOREA Nob. — Scopaiia Haw. — Pyralis Hub, — Tinea Linn., Fab., Hub. Antenna alike in both sexes, setaceous, inserted close to the eyes, composed of numerous campanulate joints, having a serrated appearance, clothed with scales above, hairy beneath, basal joint the largest (fig 1, a). MaxillcE spiral, not so long as the antennae, completely clothed with scales towards the base (3). Palpi very distinct, porrected horizontally, thickly clothed with scales extending far beyond the apex (7 a), biarticulate, basal joint globose, 2nd elongate oval (3 a) . Labial palpi longer than the head, robust, drooping, clothed with short scales above, with long ones beneath, extending far beyond the apex (4) ; 3-jointed, basal joint curved, 2nd long nearly linear, 3rd small conical (4 a) . Head clothed with rather loose scales. Ocelli 2. Eyes large (7). Wings slightly dejiexed when at rest forming a triangle, superior long and narrow, inferior ample and folded. Abdomen extending beyond the wings. Legs rather long. Tibiae, anterior not longer than the basal joint of the tarsus, internal side producing a spine thickly clothed with scales, 4 posterior spurred, the hinder pair having spurs above the apex. Claws very minute. Pulvilli none (8, a fore leg). Mdrana Nob. Pale ochraceous, with a grayish tinge. Antennae, head and thorax spotted with black ; base of maxillary and underside of labial palpi black : superior wings clouded with gray and sp,otted with black forming an obscure striga near the base, a pale indented one before and a sinuated one beyond the middle ; next to the former is a furcate black line near the costa, below which is a spot of the same colour not touching the striga, and close to the 3rd striga is a small black circle, with a semicircle at the top ; the posterior margin and the base of the cilia are spotted with fuscous. Abdomen and inferior wings pale cinereous, the latter darkest at the margin j cilia pale. Legs annulated with black. In the Author's Cabinet. This very natural group was first distinguished as a genus by Mr. Haworth in his Lepidoptem Britannica, under the name of Scoparia, which having been apphed by Linnaeus to a genus of plants, we have been compelled to substitute another. Eudorea being closely allied to Fabricius's genus Phycis (a name which must also fall, a group of fishes having been pre- viously designated by it), we may observe that the antennae of Phycis in the males appear to be incrassated towards the base, from the joints there producing a bundle of scales (from whence arises our trivial name of knot-horn), the wings when at rest are convoluted, and the labial palpi recurved. Many species of Eudorea being found upon the trunks of trees, stone walls and paling, we suspect the caterpillars are Lichen feeders. The following is our list of British species. 1. E. Cembrae Haia. Lep. Brit. p. 498. n. 1. — Cembrella Linn. ? Fab. P 2. dubita Haw. — dubitalis Hiib. 3. subfusca Haw, 4. Pyralea Haw. — Pyralella Hiib. 5. Mercurea Haw. — Mercurella Z/mw. — CrateegellaijTMi. 6. murana Nob. 1. lineola Nob. — from Mi-. Plastead's collection : very like the preceding, but the under wings have a sinuated line across them. 8. Resinea Haw. — Resinella Linn. F 9. pallida Nob. — from Whittlesea Meer. Wings short, broad and pale. 10. angustea Nob. — from Tonbridge Wells. Wings long and very narrow. E. murana has received its name from being found upon walls ; it has a more ochraceous with a slightly green tinge, and is more thickly speckled than any of the other species. I took a specimen on the 9th of July 1825, upon a stone wall near Aberfeldy in Perthshire, and saw another in a similar situation a few days after in the neighbourhood of Schecallien. The plant is Saxijraga stellaris (Hairy Saxifrage), from the shady and moist sides of mountains in Scotland. I I 743. DIURNEA NOVEMBRIS. The November Dagger Moth. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. TineidtB. Type of the Genus, Tinea Fagella, Fab. DiURNKA Haw., Goda., Curt. — Lemmatophila Treit. — Tinea and Crambus Fab. AntenncE inserted on the crown of the head close to the eyes, thrown back in repose under the wings, nearly as long as the body in the male, slender and setaceous, composed of oblong scaly joints, with spreading hairs beneath (1 (J), rather shorter and simply scaly in the femdes (1 ? ). Maxilla small, slender and not half the length of palpi (3). Labial palpi rather large, remote, thickly clothed with long scales, porrected obliquely (4), triarticulate, basal joint short, ovate, abruptly curved at the base, 2nd very long, not stout, a little waved and slightly attenuated, 3rd a little longer than the 1st, very slender, tapering and acute (4 a) ; rather longer and stouter in the female. Head small transverse : eyes small globose and prominent. Thorax not large nor crested. Abdomen rather short, linear and tufted in the male ; stouter in the female ; the apex conical, tcith a short ovi- positor. Wings lying partially over each other horizontally in re- pose, and very long in the male (9) ; superior spatulate, the apex rounded : inferior ample, the apex rmnded : cilia perfect but short : wings small and convex in the female, meeting upon the back when at rest ; superior not longer than the body, narrow and lanceolate, the apex acute : cilia imperfect ? inferior small lanceolate and very acute : cilia perfect. Legs longish in the male : tibiae, anterior with a short spine andfascicle of scales on the inside, the others spurred at the apex, the hinder long stout and ciliated on both sides, with a pair of spurs at the middle : tarsi longish, slender and 5-jointed, basal joint long: claws minute {8f, hind leg). Female with the legs stouter and the hinder tibia not hairy. CateT]pi\\a.TS fat, furnished with 2 7-ows of verrucose dots, each termi- nated by a little hair ^ ai'med with a corneous shield on the back, with the 3rd pair of pectoral feet in form of a battledore, living and metamorphosing between the leaves. Pupae slender and elongated, inclosed in a double web. Goda. — Hub.,Tin, l.,Bomb.B,a,fig. 2,a,b. NovEMBEis Haw. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 995, 2. In the Author's and other Cabinets. Mr. Haworth's genus Diiirnea, at the time it was published, embraced the insects which now form the Semioscopis and Oporinia Hiib., the Lemmatophila Treif., and my genera Dasystoma and Cheimaphasia established in the Ent. Mag. M. Godart has not adopted the former genus, and without assigning a reason has altered the last into Cheimonophila : as he is at a loss for the signification of the name Diurnea, it may be as well to slate that it alluded to the moths flying in the day ; but whether it is as applicable to Faaella as to some of the other insects, I very much doubt. The same cele- brated Lepidopterist seems to be mistaken in supposing the Diurneae are destitute of maxillae, and the palpi, when denu- ded, are distinctly articulated. The males fly slowly, and the females merely spread their wings a little when they walk. * Palpi of female long and straight. 1. Fagella Fah.—Fa.gi Fab.— Wood, pi. 4.1./. 1273(^, ?.— disparella Schr. — atomuna Knock. — atomella Hiib., pi. I.f. 13. var.'^. Male ochreous-white, superior wings thickly freckled with brown, with 3 or 4 black dots on the disc : cilia spotted : inferior wings of an even greyish-brown. Female ochreous, freckled with black : superior wings with a very irregular sinuated black striga before, and another less so beyond the middle, with a black dot between them : antennae and legs spotted black. Some specimens are lighter and griseous. Not uncommon on the trunks of beech-trees the end of Feb. in March and April, Kensington Gardens and Regent's Park, J. C. ; Newcastle, Mr. Wailes. The larva is found in Aug. and Sept. on the beech and oak, frequently upon the aspen, and sometimes on wild-roses : it spreads its pallet-shaped feet very much in walking, and when disturbed it makes a noise with them which faintly resembles the roll of a drum, according to the observations of M. Treitschke. ** Palpi shorter and recurved in the female. 2. Novembris Haw.— Curt. Brit. Ent., pi. 74-3 ? . Female whitish, variegated and spotted with brown: an- tennae dotted with brown ; apex of palpi dark : superior wings pale brown with white patches, and scattered scales, a longitudinal and undulating line of white scales not reach- ing the base but extending to the posterior margin, edged and interrupted by a black streak above it : inferior wings minutely freckled with pale brown, darkest at the apex. Another specimen has the upper wings lighter and griseous, the black forming two oblique streaks pointing to the head. Rare on the truliks of lime-trees in Kensington Gardens in November, in which situation I have found it; it has also been observed near Kennington and in Epping Forest. It is strange that after so many years the male of this moth should still be unknown; Mr Haworth considered it might prove to be the female of T. gelatella, and at the same time stated that T. phryganella was supposed by others to be the male ; both these suppositions ax'e found to be incorrect, since the females of those species have been ascertained. M. Godart has figured both sexes of a moth under the name of DormojyeUa, which may be a dark variety of our insect, but it is difficult to deter- mine the point from an engraving. For specimens of Meco?iopsis cambrica, Yellow Poppy, I am indebted to T. C. Heysham, Esq. 487. COCIILEOPHASIA TESSELLEA. The pale chequered hrown Moth. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineida?. Type of the Genus, Capillaria tessellea Haw. CocHLEOPHASiA Cuvt. — Capillaria Haw. Anteniue inserted on the cro\vn of the head close to the eyes, rather short, setaceous and ciliated internally in the male (1). Maxilla none ? Labial palpi rather drooping, divaricating and slender in the male, sparingly clothed with scales, which project considerably beyond the apex (4), triarticulate, joints nearly equal, 2nd a little the longest, terminal one subelliptic (4 a). Male. — Head rather broad, very woolly and tufted on the crown (7) : eyes remote, small, very prominent and globose : ocelli 2, very di- stinct and considerably removed from the eyes (7*). Thorax small and globose. Abdomen short and somewhat conical in the male. Wings rather large and obtuse (9 superior wing to show the neura- tion), cilia long and thick. Thighs short : tibiae, anterior very short with a small spine terminated in a pencil of scales on the inside, the others with very long spurs at the apex, the posterior having an ad- ditional pair below the middle : tarsi long and 5 -jointed, basal joint the longest : claws and pulvilli minute. Female (fg. $). — Antennae as long as the thorax, capillary, composed of many small joints, basal joint the stoutest. Legs short and simple : tarsi 5 -jointed: claws distinct, hooked and acute: abdomen rather stout, the 2 last joints but one densely clothed with wool : ovipositor exserted. Larvae living in an elongated case (P) in which they change to a brown Pupa obtuse at both ends. Tessellea iJaw. — tesserella Curt. Guide, Gen. 1001. 1. Male. Fuscous shining ochreous, front and crown of head with a long ochreous tuft ; superior wings mottled with ochre : legs pale ochreous ; thighs dark lead colour, 4 anterior tarsi blackish above, the apex of the joints whitish. Female. Pitchy or castaneous, the membranous parts dirty white : head and thorax shining : base of anteimae, tibiae and tarsi shining ochreous : tuft of wool towards the apex of abdo- men mouse colour. In the Author's and other Cabinets. There are numerous instances, even amongst our British Lepidoptera, of female Moths having rudiments only of wings, but very few that are so perfectly apterous as the females of Cochleophasia, which I have so called from its carrying a case that at a little distance looks like a Clausilia and other land shells when walking. These cases are inhabited by the cater- pillar and pupa, but appear to be deserted by both sexes of the perfect insect. I have repeatedly found the cases and bred the females from them, and Mr. George Robertson, of Lime- house, has bred the male. One of the cases is represented slightly magnified at figure P, and placed as they attach them- selves to paling and the trunks of trees ; the mouth is woolly as well as the whole inside, the outside is exactly the colour of lichen and very fine in texture ; the apex is trigonate and formed of 3 triangular lobes, closed previous to the exit of the moth, and embracing the chrysalis by the middle whilst it crawls out. The Author of Lepidoptera Britannica describes two species apparently of this genus, and as I only possess one of them I shall translate his account of the other. 1. C. tessellea jHiaw. Lep. Brit.p. 522. 10.* — Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 487. c? and ? . Mr. Haworth mentions 3 large pale spots on the costa to- wards the apex, but as he had seen only one specimen, it might be a variety or an accident, for I have not observed them in any specimen that has come under my observation. I once found a considerable number of the cases the end of May sticking to paling that inclosed grass fields and Oak plan- tations in the neighbourhood of Southampton, which produced several female moths in a few days: I also detected one on the trunk of a birch tree I believe in Cooinbe-wood, and the male I have captured the beginning of June in Darent Lane and in Hampshire. 2. C. pubicornis Ha'w. L. B. 523. IL — The pale downy horned Moth. Expansion of wings 7^ lines. " Antenna moderately long and pubescent, wings pale and immaculate. Head yellow, especially in front : posterior wings pale fuscous." Found near London but very rarely in July. Distinct from the preceding and very like Adela Paiizerella, from which it is distinguished by its pubescent and short an- tennae. Haw. The Plant is Ballota nigra (Black or stinking Horehound). * I formerly entertained an opinion that for the sake of uniformity and correctness it was expedient to alter names ; but experience has convinced me that it is better to retain a name, even with its original spelling, although objectionable, if possible. It must be evident that many synonyms and additional names in Indexes, &c., would be avoided by this rule, whilst on the other hand as the spelling of a name is often arbitrary or a matter of taste, such as substituting Haltica for Altica, (the general adoption of which alteration would transfer a multitude of names from the A's to the H's, and in many instances make Genera now very distinct identical in spelling ; for instance, Elodes and Helodes,) there would be no end to such altera- tions, and nomenclature could never be settled. As there are Entomologists who if they can ascertain that a generic name has been previously employed in Botany or any other branch of Science, immediately supersede it, and substitute one of their own, I here avow my determination not to supersede any generic name that has been established by prefixed characters, although it may have been employed in Botany or other branches of Nat. Hist. ; at the same time it is desirable to avoid as far as possible making use in the first instance of names that have been established in other departments. I 463. ADELA FRISCHELLA. Frisch's Japan or Long-horn Moth. Order Lepidoptei*a. Fam. Tineidse. Type of the Genus, Tinea viridella Fab. Adela Lat., Curt. — Nemophron Hoff. — Nemapogon Schr. — Capil- laria Haw. — Alucita Fab. — Tinea Linn., Hub. Antenna inserted in front of the face, contiguous, porrected, very long, especially in the males, setaceous, composed of innume- rable joints, clothed with scales, a few of the basal joints stout and hairy (1). Maxillce spiral, twice or thrice as long as the labial palpi, clothed externally with long hairs nearly from the base to the middle (3) . Palpi minute and biarticulate (a). Labial Palpi slender, sparingly clothed beneath with long hairs juid curved upward : triarticulate, 1st and 2nd joints nearly of equal length and thickness, 3rd half as long, very slender and subfusiform (4 and 4''). Head transverse and- hairy : eyes lateral, sometimes much larger in the male than female, and approximating on the crown (7). Thorax sub- ovate, sometimes hairy. Abdomen short in the males, longer and attenuated to the apex in the females. Wings, superior lanceolate, inferior ovate-lanceolate, cilia rather long. Legs slender. Thighs small. Tibia3, anterior short, with an internal spine, the others long, especially the posterior, which are furnished ivith two pair of spurs (Sf). Tarsi long and 5 -jointed. Claws minute. Obs. The head (figures 7 and 7*) are from A. fasciella. Frischella Linn. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 1002. 4. Shining golden-ochre : antennae rather longer in the male than female, sUvery or white, the basal portion fuscous, rosy at the base, with some short black pile on the inside in the male ; head clothed with ochreous hairs : thorax metallic : superior vdngs with a crimson tinge on the costa and cilia, and an ovate paler spot, dotted with black, towards the apex : inferior yellowish crimson ; cilia metallic at the base, fuscous at the apex. In the Author's and other Cabinets. Some of these charming little Moths are most splendid in their colours : they delight to sport about in the sun in woods, where they fly in small swarms like gnats. The long setaceous antennae, hairy heads and palpi, and colour of the wings in some, as well as the manner in which they rest, give the Adelas an aspect very similar to Leptocerus (pi. 57), and they may be considered one amongst the many approaches that the Lepidoptera make to the Trichoptera. The maxillae are remarkable for the long hairs with which they are clothed, and the labial palpi were never before de- tected. The following are British species of the genus Adela : — 1. Robertella Linn. — pilella Hilb. Tin. 2^1. 34-. J; 235. Chalky places near Cottingham, Yorkshire, b. June. 2. Panzerella Fab. — Huh. 61. 412. — Swammerdamella Hilh. 19, 127.? End of May to middle of June, chalky places, Kent, Col- lingborne Wood, Wilts, and near Teignmouth, Mr. Dale. 3. Swammerdamella hinn. — Hiih. 62. 410 & 411. Beginning of May, amongst furze-bushes, Coomb Wood, Mr. C. J. Thompson, and female on birch-trees, J. C. ; Glan- ville's Wootton, Mr. Dale. 4. Frischella Linn. — Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 463. ? . — Hub. 63. 425 & 426. — These are much smaller than our British specimens, the natural size of which is given in the out- line figure represented walking. On flowers in Kent : male, May 9th, Glanville's Wootton ; and female, end of July, Grymes Dyke, Mr. Dale. 5. viridella jPa6. — sphingiella Hiib. 19. 129. — Reaumurella Linn. ? — He says " Frons alba," which makes it doubt- ful whether this be his insect ; yet I am disposed to be- lieve that it is, as the female of A. viridella has a pale crown to the head. 6. Scabiosella /Scop. — viridella ^wi. 19. 128. — cuprella Haiw. On flowers of the Scabious, Darent Wood and near Exeter. 6".cuprella Fah. — Hiib. 27. 185. A species new to Britain, and taken by Mr. Dale at Glan- ville's Wootton the end of May, will, I think, prove to be this insect. 7. fasciella Fab. — Schiffermyllerella Hub. 19. 132. Beginning and end of June, Darent Lane and Gravesend about nettles, J. C. ; Axbridge, Somerset ; Clapham-park Wood, Bedfordshire; b. July near Weymouth; b. August, Knowle Hill ; and Middle-marsh Woods, Dorset, Mr. Dale. 8. DeGeerella Liim. — Do7i. 8. 267. 1 & 2. — striatella Fab. mr. ?— Geerella Hiib. 19. 130. & 67. 446. B. June and b. July borders of woods ; near Southampton, J. C; Bagley Wood, Berks: New Forest, and Monk's Wood, Mr. Dale. 9. Sulzella Linn. — Huh. 18. 121. — Podaslla Linn, is the fe- male probably. — Don. 8. 267. 3. June, hedges, moist lanes, and flying round an oak at Wrentham, Suffolk, J. C. ; end of May, Glanville's Wootton. 10. Latreillella Hiib. 52. 355 & 356. Taken by Mr. Weaver. The Plant is Scirpus (Isolepiis) seiaceus (Least Club-rush), communicated by J. J. Bennett, Esq. 408. CECOPHORA SULPHURELLA. The Yellow Underwiiiged Thick-horn. Ordeh Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae. Type of the Genus, Tinea sulphurella Fab. CEcoPHOUA Lat., Curt. — Dixsyceva Haw. — Elasmia/ftti. — Tinea Fai.j Hub. Jniennce inserted on each side the crown of the head close to the eyes, not longer than the body, setaceous, appearing rather stout at the base, clothed with scales above, pilose beneath in the male (!(?)} composed of numerous oblong joints, basal joint the longest, stoutest, and subclavate. Maxillce longer than the palpi, spiral, rather stout and clothed with scales, attenuated to the apex which is naked (3). Labial Palpi longer than the head, curved upward, slender, clothed with scales, especially the 2nd joint, the terminal one appearing naked (4) j basal joint rather short, 2nd very long, slightly curved, 3rd scarcely shorter, very slender and attenuated to a point (4a). Head clothed with depressed imbricated scales. Eyes globose (7 and 7*). Thorax clothed with depressed scales. Wings very much dejlexed when at rest, the inferior margins meeting over the back ; superior long and narrow, regularly ciliated; inferior rather small and sub- lanceolated, the cilia very ample. Abdomen linear and tufted in the male: longer and conical in the female. Legs, posterior pair the longest. Tibiae, anterior shorter than the thighs, rather stout with a long internal spine, the others spurred at the apex, the posterior pair long and very pilose, with a pair of spurs also at the middle, one of them very long. Tarsi 5 -jointed, basal joint the longest. Claws very minute. Caterpillars with 16 ? feet. SuLPnunEi.LA Fab. Ent. Syst. 3. pars 2. 3\5. 128. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 1003. 2.— flavella Fab. E. S. 332. 9. cornutella Fab. E. S. Supp. 492. 63. orbonella Hub. Tin. pi. 45. f. 313. . Heraclei Haw. — Heracleana Linn. P Fab., Reauvi. 2. tab. 6.f. 1 — 4'. Middle of March and beginning of October. 2. characterosa iiTare;. 511. 18. Middle of Aug. Dover. 8. badia Haiso. — badiella Hub. Tin. pi. 1 ^.f. 92. Norfolk. 4. apiosa Haw. — apicella Hub. Tin. l^. 94. 5. albipuncta Haw. — albipunctella Hub. Tin. 22. 149. 6. liturosa Haw. — liturella Hiib. Tin. 12. 83. 7. curvipunctosa Haw. — Beginning of March ; in hedges. 8. applana Fab., Haw. — cicutella Tin. 12. 79. All the year round ; in hedges, gardens, outhouses, &c. 9. purpurea Haw. April and e. of Aug. Houses in Hants. 1 0. Alstraaraeri Haw. — Alstraemeriana Linji., Fab. — puella Hiib. Tin. 12. 82. April, September and October; in hedges, osier-grounds, &c. 11. costosa i7at«. Near London. 12. gilvosa iiattJ.— gilvella Hiib. Tin. 14. 96. End of April, August, and beginning of September ; on the sea coast and in osier-grounds. 13. signosa Haw. — signella Hiib. Tin. 12. 80. April and beginning of September ; in osier-grounds, &c. 14. atomosa Haw. — atomella? Hiib. Tin. 35. 240. Au- gust ; under stones. Dover. 15. venosa Haw. Middle of June; Regent's Park. — Middle of August ; Dover. 16. flavosa Haw. — flavella Hiib. Tin. 14. 97. — Sparman- niana, jPfl^i. Middleof Aug. ; under stones; Dover. 17. Yeatsii Haw. — Yatesana Fab. — albidana Don. 11. 377. 2. Coombe Wood and Godstone, Surrey. 18. nervosa Haw. Near London. 19. putrida Haw. — putridella Hiib. Tin. 35. 244. 20. umbellarum Haw. — umbellana Fab. End of August ; on furze-bushes ; Parley Heath, Hants. 21. Bluntii Curtis Br. Ent. pi. 221. I have the melan- * choly satisfaction of dedicating this pretty insect to the memory of the late Mr. Edward Blunt, F.L.S., who took it in July at Southchurch, Essex ; and the end of the following April I bred some from chrysalides contained in his cages. His friend Mr. Christopher Parsons informs me that he has also found it in gardens and outhouses at the same place. Pastinaca sativa (Wild Parsnep) figured in the plate is the plant upon which I found the caterpillars of D. Heraclei feed- ing, at Dover, in the middle of August. I 189. ANACAMPSIS LONGICORNIS. Ordek Lepidoptera. Fam. Tortrices Lat. Type of the Genus Tinea Populella Linn. Anacampsis Nob. Volucra ? Lat. — ^Pyralis Lat. — Tinea Fab, — Pha- Itena (Tinea) Linn. Antenna' alike in both sexes, remote, inserted close to the eyes (fig. 1 ) ; rather long and capillary, composed of numerous ob- long joints, covered with short scales, the basal one subclavate. Maxillce spiral, robust, shorter than the palpi, clothed with long scales externally (3). Labial Palpi longer than the head, diverging, recurved, thickly covered with scales, those on the basal joint the broadest, form- ing a tuft on the inside (4) ; S-jointed, 1st joint short clavate, 2nd very long robust cylindric curved, 3rd longer setaceous, slender and acuminated (4 a). Head covered with close broad imbricated scales (7). Eyes not very small. Ocelli 2, placed behind the antennce (7 a). Wings horizontal and incumbent when at rest, longer than the body ; superior linear lan- ceolate; inferior lanceolate, the cilia of the latter very long. Abdo- men of the male sometimes depressed. Legs ; posterior pair the longest. Thighs rather short. Tibiae ; anterior the shortest, with long scales only on the internal side, the others spurred at the apex, the posterior having 2 spurs also at the middle. Tarsi 5-jointed. Claws and Pulvilli minute (8f , a hind leg). Caterpillars with 16 feet. LoNGicoRNis Nob. Griseous ; Head and thorax pale ferruginous sprinkled with brown. Antennae nearly as long as the wings, black towards their apex. Abdomen dull black, the margins of the segments dull white. Wings ; superior very long, sprinkled with black, an oblique abbreviated fascia near the base, one before and an- other beyond the middle pale ferruginous ; the 1st and last with a large black spot on each, the intermediate having two elon- gated black spots, and a larger oval oblique black spot also next the posterior margin. Cilia fuscous, variegated with black. In- ferior wings pale fuscous inclining to yellow. Legs 5 anterior black above, posterior whitish, annulated with fuscous. Obs. Some specimens are much darker and the markings more obscure. In the Author's Cabinet. Latreille having included Pyralis Heracleana Fab. in his family of Tortrices, there can be little doubt of the propriety of associating our genus with that group ; at the same time we must acknowledge that their situation does not appear to be natural : tlie smaller moths, liowever, are so imperfectly under- stood, that it is impossible at present to determine the loca- tions of many of them. We regret that this extensive genus, which has been formed by Mr. Haworth, has not yet appeared in his Lepidoptera Bri- tannica : we feel however, the more obliged to this gentleman for liberally allowing us to copy the following list from his MS. ; it will be serviceable to lepidopterists, since the cabinet of that acute entomologist has been the source from whence we have derived the names by which the species are known. 1 A. cinerea i., Hub. 2 subcinerea Haw. 3 longicornis Nob. 4 Juniperi L., Hub. 5 Populi L. 6 rustica Hub. 7 Listeri L. ? 8 nebulea Haw. — Popu- lella Hub. 9 Betulea HUb. 10 lutarea Haw. — Verbas- cella Hub. P 11 rhombea Haw., Hub. — Moufettella L. ? 12 dodecea L. ? 1 3 aspera Haw. — Schellen- bergella F. P 14 nigra Haw. 15 sarcitea L. P 16 punctifera Haw. — Pedi- sequella Hiib. P 1*7 Hiibneri Haw. — Gra- nella Hiib. 18 A. domestica Haw. 1 Q clilill la jLJ.tllX)» 20 1.1.111 IlilO J. J.Uf UUm coniigud jnaw. seouax ±iuu. — o-puiic- tella F. ? 23 proxima Haw. 24 maculea F. 25 Cleniateai^. — Alucita ni- vella F. P 26 Blattarise Hiib. 27 subrosea Haw. 28 guttifera Haw. 29 marmorea Haw. 30 atra Haw. — exiguellai^ P Hub. 31 nana Hiib. — aleella F. 32 nivea F. P 33 interrupta Hiib. P 34 fulvescens Haw. 35 fuscescens Haw. In the above list the Linnaean termination has been drop- ped, and for the sake of brevity the name has not been repeat- ed ; but in the works of Linnaeus the names are ' cinerella^ ^ Juniperella,' &c. The pretty and distinct undescribed species figured, I bought of Mr. Weaver, who took it, I think, in Derbyshire ; and I have since seen a male taken last summer by some la- dies in Scotland. Sanicula ewopaca (Common Sanicle) is figured in the plate. 735. LAVERNA OCHRACEELLA. Ochreous Laverna. Ohuer Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae. Type of the Genus, Laverna ocliraceella Curt. Lavehna Curt. — Anacampsis Curt. Antenna: alike in both sexes, remote, inserted on each side of the crown close to the eyes, rather longer than the body and capillary, clothed with short scales, basal joint long and cla- vate, the remainder short (1, a portion of the base). Maxillce spiral, tapering, as long as the palpi, clothed with scales ■ externally at the base (3). Labial palpi much longer than the head, diverging, recurved but not above the head, rather long, 2nd joint densely clothed with scales (4) ; triarticulate, basal joint shortish, curved, clavate, 2nd very long, curved, slightly clavate, 3rd scarcely so long, very slender, tapering and acute (4 a), clothed with very short scales. Head short and broad, clothed ivith small depressed scales (7 the face, 7* the profile) : eyes small. Thorax subglobose. Abdomen not depressed, shortish, narrow and tufted in the males, the apex conical in the females. Wings horizontal and incumbent ? when at rest, longer than the body, superior linear, lanceolate, apex acute ; cilia longish : inferior lanceolate, very narrow, cilia long and extending round the wing. Legs, anterior short, hinder long and stout : thighs short : tibiae, anterior small, intermediate loith a pair of unequal spurs at the apex ; hinder long, stout and hairy outside, with long- ish spurs at the apex and a pair a little beloio the middle : tarsi 5- jointed, basal joint the longest : claws and pulvilli minute. OcHHACEELLA Curt. MSS. — Guidc, Gen. 1009''. Pale ochreous ; antennae dotted ; superior wings with deep ochreous or ferruginous clouds, forming several pale patches, the cilia dotted at the apex with the same colour ; inferior wings silky yellowish white, cilia ochreous. In the Cabinets of Mr. Robertson, Mr. Bentley, and the Author. I KSTABLiSHED the getius Aiiacampsis in the 4th vol. of this Work, foho 189, and finding that a portion of that extensive group differs essentially from the typical form, I am induced to propose a new genus for them. Amongst the most pro- minent distinctions are the much broader head, shorter and less elevated palpi, rather longer and more slender maxillae, more lanceolate superior wings, and very narrow and lanceo- late inferior wings ; this last character at once distinguishes the two groups? ^or in Anacampsis they are broad with the apex truncated obliquely, as represented at fig. 9, and of course the neuration is totiilly different. The following are the only British species I have been able at present to recognise: 1. sarcitella Linn.— Guide, Gen. 1009, No. 17. — Wood, pi. 39. / 1207. Wings hoary-gray or cinereous, clouded with black, head, thorax and a spot at the base of the superior wings white : expansion 6 to 8 lines. It is very remarkable that, common as this insect is, I do not remember any figure of it excepting Mr. Wood's; the one referred to in Roesel by Linnaeus is not only different, but absolutely belongs to another genus, which is evident from the deflexion of the wings. The L. sarcicella is a most mischie- vous little moth in our houses, where it is common the greater portion of the spring and summer months, and I have fre- quently observed it on the trunks of fruit-trees in gardens as late as September. The female deposits her eggs upon clothes and woollen articles, on which the larvae feed, living in cases which they form of the wool, and in which they become pupae. 2. marmorea Haiso. 553. 29. — Guide, No. 29. "Anterior wings variegated with black, white and red, some- what clouded : expansion 6 lines." Haw. Wood's fig. 1218 is a variety of his No. 1206, which is the T.luculella Hiib., and not the T. luctuella of that author, which is a totally different insect. The above two figures of Wood are the R. subrosea of Haworth, which was given in the Guide as identical with Hiibner's T. luculella ten years since. June, Norfolk, Birch-wood, and the New Forest. 3. atra Havo. 553, 30. — Guide, No. 32. — Wood, fig. 1220 — exiguella Hiib. *' Anterior wings black, posterior blackish, head white : ex- panse 5 to 6 lines." Hww. The interior margin of the superior wings is generally pale or whitish, forming an irregular stripe down the back when the wings are closed. June, abundant in woods near London and in the New Forest. 4. ochraceella Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 735. ? . This very distinct species was discovered by that excellent Lepidopterist Mr. Bentley, 20 years since, in the month of June, resting on grass in a. meadow on the banks of the river Avon, near Ringwood ; several were taken last summer amongst grass on the banks of ditches in the Isle of Dogs, by Mr. Ro- bertson, who very obligingly added it to my Cabinet. The plant is Knautia {Scabiosa) arvensis, Field Scabious. 368. CHELARIA RHOMBOIDELLA. The Lobster-clawed Moth. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae. Type of the Genus, Tinea rhomboidella Linn. CuELARiA Haw. — Phalaena Don. — Tinea Linn. Hub. Antenna inserted close to the eyes, on each side the front of the head, as long as the body, capillary, clothed with scales, basal joint long, the remainder short (I). Maxilla: long slender and spiral, shorter than the antennae, clothed witli scales nearly to the apex, which is furnished with short glands (3). Labial Palpi very long, recurved, divaricating, clothed with scales, triarticulate, basal joint concealed by the eyes, 2nd joint long, producing long scales beneath, 3rd joint equal to the united length of the others, curved attenuated and pointed, with the scales longest above, leaving a portion of the apex naked (4 and 4 a). Head small, globular, clothed with depressed scales. Eyes globose (7 and?*.) Wiags, superior long, narrow and sublanceolate: inferior rather broader and acute : the cilia long. Abdomen slender, tufted at the apex in the males and conical in the females. Legs, anterior the shortest, with an internal spine on the Tibia, the posterior pair very long, clothed externally with long scales, furnished with 2 pair of unequal spines. Tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint the longest. Claws 7ni?iUte (8f, hind leg). Larva and Pupa unknown. RuoMBOiDELLA Lfnra. Fawn. Suec. 356. 1372. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 1012. con.scriptellaHwfc. Tt«. 41. 283.— Hiibnerella Don. 1 1. pi. 382. 2. — conscripta Haw. p. 526. Dirty ochre. Palpi with the scales on the outside of the 2nd joint at the middle, and the 3rd towards the tip of the brush, dark brown. Antennse spotted with black towards their tips : eyes brown. Superior wings slightly variegated with darker scales, with a large somewhat trigonate brown spot near the middle of the costa, with 2 costal dots near the base, and 4 or paler ones towards the apex, near which is a longitudinal blackish line, and sometimes 2 dots, approaching the centre : inferior wings shining iridescent gray, shaded into fuscous at the margin : cilia ochreous fuscous. In the Author's and other Cabinets. An error has been committed in the " Guide " by referring this insect to Latreille's genus Cerostoma, which appears to be synonymous with Ypsolophus : I have now the pleasure of adopting Mr. Haworth's name, which was given in his Lepi- doptera Britannica, where the genus is characterized : Che- laria has been selected for it, from its curious palpi having some resemblance to the claws of a Lobster or the mandibles of a Chelifer. (See Kirby and Spence's Introd. to Entomol. pl.S.f.'i.) Remarkable as this little Moth is, we know nothing of its economy; the Caterpillar and Pupa do not appear to be de- scribed or figured, and it is simply stated by Linnaeus and Fabricius that the Imago lives in woods. Mr. Donovan, who believed it to be a nondescript, says it was taken in the vicinity of Feversham, Kent ; it is however by no means a rare insect ; I have frequently found it in Norfolk and in the neighbour- hood of London, towards the end of August, generally I think in gardens ; and Mr. Dale meets with it in similar situations in Dorsetshire. In dissecting the Moth, I was unable to discover the ante- rior (maxillary) Palpi, mentioned by Mr. Haworth: it must also be observed that the basal joint of the labial palpi is concealed in the moulh, and that the long bundle of hairy scales which clothes the greater part of the 3rd joint, gives the naked and terminal portion the appearance of a 4th joint. The Plant is Daphne Laureola (Laurel Mezereon), com- municated by the Rev. Professor Henslow from Hinton near Cambridge. 071. CLEODORA CYTISELLA. The Broom Tinea. OnoEU Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae. Type of the Genus, Tinea Silacella Huh. ? Cleodora Step.y Curt. — Mesophleps Hub. — Recurvaria Haw. — Ti- nea Hub. Antenna inserted close to the eyes in front of the forehead (7 *), shorter than the wings, very slender and capillary, somewhat serrated or knotted, especially towards the apex (1). Maxilla at least as long as the palpi, slender, spiral, clothed with scales externally the greater portion of their length, with- out tentacula at the apex (3). Labial palpi long, curved, porrected horizontally far beyond the head, spreading very much (4), triarticulate, basal joint elongate- clavate, 2nd very long, linear but slightly curved and densely clothed with scales, very hairy beneath, 3rd joint rather shorter, very slender, tapering and pointed (a) . Head small and globose, clothed with broad shining depressed scales (7 the face) : eyes small lateral and ovate. Thorax smooth. Abdomen rather short, trifled at the apex in the male, conical in the female. Wings subcylindric in repose, superior long narrow and lanceolate, the cilia continued far above the apex, and gradually becoming very long below it; inferior as broad as the others, but rather shorter, linear, a little narrowed at the base, the apex acuminated, ciliated quite round, the cilia very long beneath. Legs, hinder long : tibiae, anterior not short, toith an internal spine near the apex, the others with a pair of unequal spurs at the apex, the hinder long stout and hairy outside, toith another pair of spurs above the middle (8 f) .• tarsi slender and 5-jointed. Obs. The species dissected was C. Cy- tiseUa. Larvae with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Cytisella Curt. Guide, Gen. 1013. 7. Fuscous, head and palpi whitish, excepting the tip of the 2nd joint : thorax whitish or ochreous : superior wings sometimes ochreous, the costa more or less fuscous, with an oblique narrow white streak issuing from it near the apex, and pointing out- ward ; a black line at the base of the cilia next the costa, with • 4 white dots behind it. Obs. In some specimens the semilunate white streak is very indistinct. In the Cabinets of Mr. Bentley, the Author, 8fC. Having but few specimens of this group I am unable to speak with certainty, but it appears to me that the palpi are stouter, with a shorter terminal joint, in the male than they are in the other sex ; this however may arise in my examples from the palpi being rubbed in the female. Of the habits and oeconomy of this group I am ignorant, but the typical species as well as that before us are well distin- guished by the form of the underwings, which are suddenly acuminated, somewhat like the wings of a Swallow. The spe- cies recorded are: 1. Silacea Havo. p. 555. 36.— Wil/cs's But. pi. \. f, a. 10? Silacella Huh. ? pi. 17./. 1 17. " Superior wings subochreous, with 2 remote little fuscous dots on the disc, one behind the other, inferior wings fuscous, shining : 7 to 9 lines in expanse." i/aiw. Although Mr. Haworth refers to Hiibner's figure, I doubt if it be his insect, as not only do the spots and colour of the wings differ, but the palpi if correctly represented are more clavate. Beginning of June Coomb Wood, and end of July near Brockenhurst. The Caterpillar feeds on willows. 2. rufescens iiiaw. 555. 37. " Superior wings shorter than in the preceding, and more obtuse or subtruncated, entirely rufescent, immaculate: posterior fuscous-white, cilia yellowish : 7^ lines." Hw^, The New Forest in August. 3. nebulella Step. 111. 4<. 221. 3. Superior wings pale griseous-fuscous, clouded with brown, with a whitish subtrigonate spot on the costa near the apex ; inferior wings very narrow, cinereous brown : B\ to 6\ lines. July, near Brockenhurst, in the New Forest. 4. ochroleucella Step. 4. 221. 4. Superior wings pale ochreous, obscurely clouded; inferior wings brownish : 6 lines. " End of July, near Ripley, Surrey." Step. 5. lucidella Step. 4. 221. 5. Superior wings with the apex somewhat acute, shining, gri- seous-fuscous, immaculate ; inferior glossy black : 7 lines. Found with No. 3 in the New Forest. 6. falciformis Haw. 555. 38. " Superior wings subfalcate, cinereous or somewhat gri- seous, with irregular confluent fuscous lines or streaks on the disc: cilia umber -coloured; inferior shining, fuscous lead colour : 6 lines." //ate. Taken in July in Norfolk and near London. 7. Cytisella Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 671. I took a specimen of this distinct species the 18th July on a hill at GlengarifF in Ireland, and Mr. Walker gave me one which he met with in the Isle of Wight. Mr. Bentley having observed that it frequents the broom in the vicinity of Lon- don, I have given it the specific name of Cytisella. The Plant is Artemisia vulgaris, Mugwort. 543. BATIA LUNARIS. The lesser tawny Crescent Moth. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidas. T)/pe of the Genus, Recurvaria lunaris Haw. Batia Step. — Galanthiai/wi. — Recurvaria Haw. — Tinea Hub., Don. Antennae inserted close to the eyes, on the crown of the head, moderately long and slender, composed of numerous slightly tasselled joints, hairy beneath, the basal joint rather long cla- vate and a little curved (1). Ma-xillte short, about the length of the palpi, spiral and clothed with scales outside at the base (3). Labial palpi long slender recurved, divaricating (7, 4), clothed with short scales (4) triarticulate, basal joint the shortest, slightly clavate and curved, 2nd the longest and a little the stoutest, 3rd somewhat shorter, slender and attenuated (4 a) . Head s?nall and globose thickly clothed with scales, depressed in front, eyes a little prominent and globose (7 front view of head, 7 * profile). Thorax small, the scales depressed. Abdomen short and slender, a little tufted at the apex in the male, conical in the female. Wings very much deflexed in repose, superior long and narrow, truncated obliquely with long spreading cilia ; inferior wings lanceolate, with very lojig cilia, shortest above. Legs, anterior the shortest, poste- rior the longest : thighs, postei'ior shoj-t ; tibire, anterior rather stout and as long as the thigh, the others terminated by long spurs, the hinder being very hairy, especially outside, with a pair of long spurs also towards the base: ta.rsi 5-jointed, basal joint the longest: claws and pulvilli minute (8 f hind leg) . Larvae unknown. Lunaris Haw. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 1014. 5. In the Author's and other Cabinets. As I possess only two species of this genus, I am unable to as- certain whether they all agree in structure. Hiihner's figure of T.Jlavifrontella has not the habit of the type, and Donovan's plate of T. Panzcrella exhibits an insect very different in its contour ; neither do Mr. Stephens's characters agree with these insects, for he says the maxillae are rather long^ and the poste- rior wings rather ample ovate, &c., and what we are to under- stand by his description of the palpi is very uncertain, " the basal joints," he says, are " clothed with longish scales, the apical ones rather shorter, more slender than the foregoing and as long as the other two." The following species have been enumerated as British ; they are principally distinguished from neighbouring groups by the shortness of the proboscis, and the remote situation of one pair of spurs from the apex in the hinder legs. 1. flavifrontella Tin.pl. 18./ 126. Expansion 12 lines: head and abdomen rufous, thorax and superior wings cinereous, with a dark patch on the disc ; in- ferior gray, with yellowish cilia. July, Darenth Wood and Camberwell. 2. Panzerella Don. 3. pi. 106./ 4.. Expansion 15 lines. *' Long, narrow. Anterior wings pale clay colour, with a dark streak down the middle, and a few minute spots of the same colour near the apex. Posterior wings almost transparent, bluish, fringe very deep, of a clay colour. End of autumn 1794', among some high grass and water plants in the vicinity of Hampstead." Don. Brit. Ins. 3. saturatella Step. " Expansion 6^ lines. All the wings and cilia, with the head, thorax, and body, pale ochreous brown, immaculate and glossy. Found in Darenth Wood in June." Step. III. 4. lutarella jf/iM'i. ? Tin. pi. 25. J". 168. Expansion 7| lines. Grayish-fuscous, head white, thorax and superior wings pale brown, cilia darker, with a fuscous dot on the disc. This does not very well agree with Mr. Stephens's de- scription : " Anterior wings pale, tawny-luteous, and to- tally immaculate; cilia rather pale: posterior wings and cilia fuscous." Taken in Coombe Wood the beginning of June. 5. lunaris Haw. — Cwt. Brit. Ent. pi. 543 S • Fuscous; antennee white at the base, the remainder annu- lated, forehead white : thorax orange, the centre castaneous : superior wings ochreous-orange, with a broad and darker fimbria, centre yellow, costa fuscous, a triangular blackish spot near the middle of the interior margin, with a smaller and more obscure one obliquely attached to its apex, both concave externally: inferior wings pale grey, tarsi annulaled with white. Common near Chelsea on old shady pales and rails: in such situations I have generally met with it the middle of June, es- pecially in the Regent's Park; it rests in a very singular man- ner, with its head bent close down and its wings projecting obliquely, as if the head were buried in the wood. This I take to be the type of the genus, and the insect named by the late Mr. Haworth T.fusco-aurella, which appears to be the T. unitella of Hub., I think I have observed standing in the same attitude. 6. Lambdella Don. v. 2. pi. 51. f. 1. Expansion 7 lines. Fuscous ; superior wings ochreous- orange, costa dusky, with a brown triangular spot near the centre of the interior margin and an ovate one on the disc, uniting obliquely with the former one, both edged with white inside. Similar to No. 5 but larger. In July 1789 the late Mr. Bentley discovered a brood in a Furze-bush on Epping Forest. The Plant is Afiiirrhinum Elati?ie (Sharp-pointed Toad- flax), communicated by N. B, Ward, Esq. I i C87. PORRECTARIA ALBICOSTA. The white- edged Unicorn Moth. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. TineidiP. T)jpe of the Genus, Tinea Anatipennella Hiib. PoRRECTARiA Huiu., Cuvt. — Omix Och. — Tinea Fab., Hiib. — Haplo- ptilia Hub. Antennee inserted on each side of the crown above the eyes, not so long as the body, capillary, porrected and closely united in repose, basal joint stout and elongated, clothed with long scales (1), forming a pencil at the apex in the males {\ MaxillcE twice or thrice as long as the palpi, spiral and tapering, a considerable portion of the base clothed outside with scales (3). Labial palpi longer than the head, porrected, divaricating, clothed with shortish scales (4), slender and triarticulate, basal joint elongate- ovate, curved, •2nd very long, a little attenuated, 3rd only half as long, sometimes less, very slender and sublanceo- late (4 a). Head small, clothed with broad depressed scales (7 front view, 7* the profile) : eyes lateral, suborbicular , not very remote beneath. Thorax ovate, scales depressed. Abdomen linear, obtuse in the male, conical and acuminated at the apex in the female; oviduct horny and ex- serted. "Wings very much deflexed in repose, superior long, nai-row, lanceolate, often falcated and acute, the cilia very long, and extend- ing round the apex and towards the base of the interior inargin : inferior much smaller, narrow, lanceolate and very acute, cilia very long and extending along the costa nearly to the base. Legs slender, posterior the longest : tibiae, anterior not very short, simple, the others with spurs at the apex, hinder fringed with long hairs outside, with a pair of spurs also above the apex : t&r?,i 5-jointed ; claws awrf pulvilli minute. (5t, hind leg). Larvae with 6 pectoral feet, living in a case (L), in which they change to Pupae that have the portion covering the wings extending considerably over the apex. AijBICost A Haio. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 1016. 2. White ; antennae spotted with black ; eyes black ; anterior wings acute and a little sithe-shaped, ochreous, brownish towards the apex, with a narrow white margin, a white line from the base to the posterior margin, and one above it on the disc not reaching the base ; inferior wings pale shining cinereous, ciha darker, pale yellowish fuscous ; abdomen dirty-white, legs yel- lowish-white, inclining to fuscous in some lights. In the Author's and other Cabinets. These little Moths are similar in their oeconomy to Cochleo- phasia (fol. 487.). The Caterpillars form cases, in which they live, and walk about with them, often in a vertical direction, and they afterwards become the cocoons of the pupae. The larva) feed upon the parenchyma of leaves. The Moths rest with their antennjE stretched out and closely united, like many of the Phryganidse. There seems to be little to distinguish this group from Da- mophila (fol. 391.)j excepting the metallic hues of the latter. It is true that the antennae are not thickened in the males, ex- cepting the basal joint, the palpi are less recurved and the maxillae are somewhat longer in Porrectaria, but these are modified in the various species. I fear Mr. Haworth was not careful in his references to Hiibner, which has probably misled Mr. Wood, as his figures do not agree with those of the Schmetterlinge. The following are British species. 1. argentula Steph. Ill 4. 287. 11. "June, Coomb and Darent Woods." 2. leucapennella Hiib. Tin. tab. 30. f. 205. not of Stephens. 3. albicosta Hano. 535. 7. — Curt. Brit. Ent. j^l. 687. ? . Middle of June and beginning of July, on nettles and bram- bles, Darent Wood and Westerham ; Settle, Yorkshire, J. C. 4. lineolea Hano. 534. 5. June, grassy banks and heaths, Shirly Common ; Coomb and Darent Woods. 5. lutarea Haw. 537. 20. 6. gryphipennella Hiib. tab. SO.f. 206. not of Wood. Grassy banks. 7. Gallipennella Hiib. t. 29. f. 202. not of Stephens nor of Wood. Grassy banks. Larva on Erica vulgaris and Artemisia cam- pestris. 8. ochrea Halo. 533. 1. — ochrodactylus Fab.? " June, Darent Wood." 9. ornatipennella Hiib. t. 29. Jl 199. June, Darent and Birch Woods. 10. Struthionipennella Hiib. t. 30. f. 209. "June, Darent Wood, .near Dover and Lyndhurst:" the larva feeds on Hieracium pilosella. 11. Otidipennella Hiib. t. 65. f. 433. not of Wood. June, Darent Wood, and near Lyndhurst. 12. Anseripennella Hiib. t. ^6.f. 319. June, in the neighbourhood of London and Lyndhurst. 13. Anatipennella Hiib. t. 21. f. 186. — porrectella Linn, June, gardens near London ; old shady pales Shooter's Hill ; July, birch, Darent and Coomb Woods : the larva feeds on the beech. The Plant is Medicago sativa, Lucerne or Purple Medick. 3p/ 391. DAMOPHILA TRIFOLII. The Trefoil thick -horned Tinea. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidee. Type of the Genus, Tinea spissicornis Haw. Damophila Curt. — Povrectaria Haw. AntenncE inserted above the eyes on each side the head, slender, somewhat setaceous, composed of numerous joints clothed with broad scales nearly to the middle, the basal joint appearing very much dilated, the following gradually tapering (1). Maxilla: a little longer than the palpi, spiral, attenuated, clothed with scales at the base (3). Labial Palpi longer than the head, slightly curved upwards, slender, clothed with close metallic scales, triarticulate, basal joint long, subclavate, 2nd very long and linear, 3rd shorter and pointed (4 and 4 a). Head small subglobose clothed with broad depressed scales. Eyes lateral rather prominent, slightly and obliquely ovate (7 and 7*). Thorax ovate. Wings very long and lanceolate folded cylindrically when at rest, inferior very narrow : cilia exceedingly long, surrounding the inferior wings. Abdomen slender, tufted at the apex in the males. Legs long and slender: coxss, anterior long; thighs of equal length: tibiae j anterior as long as the thigh, with a minute internal notch near the apex, intermediate spurred at the apex as well as the pos- terior, which are longer, stouter, and furnished with a pair of spurs below the middle : tarsi 5-jointed, anterior rather the longest, basal joint very long, 4th and 5th the shortest: claws minute (8 a fore leg). Trifolii Curtis' s Guide, Gen. 1017. 1. In the Cabinets of Mr. Dale and the Author. The singular horns of these insects like those of Lepidocera (plate Si*) are clothed with scales at the base, but much finer ; this alone will distinguish them from any others that are allied to them, and of those genera already illustrated in this Work, Damophila approaches nearest to Pancalia (pi. 304?) and Gly- phipteryx (pi. 152). The two following are the only species that have been dis- covered, and not any notice appears to have been taken of them at present by continental writers. 1. D. Trifolii Curt. Brit. Ent.pl. 391. Shining metallic golden green : tips of the antenna? white; abdomen shining, slate-black; superior wings w^ith the costa and tips cupreous ; inferior as well as the cilia pale black. I presume this pretty moth is the Trifolii of Stephens's Ca- talogue, but that is immaterial, as his insect is not character- ized, and this is certainly attached to the Trefoil as observed by my friend Mr. Dale, who says in a letter to me, " I took this Tinea July 1 1th and lith 1831, on trefoil flowei's near the shore in the Isle of Portland and at Charmouth in Dorset- shire, they were tolerably plentiful but very few perfect. It rained fast at the latter place when I found them settled on the flowers, yet some did not seem to be hurt by the wet; they were, however, sleepy or sluggish." 2. D. spissicornis (the thick-horn'd green) HaT. Lep. Brit. p. 537. 71. 23. Half the size only of D. Trifolii. Golden or coppery green ; middle of the antenna spotted black and white, the apex entirely white : abdomen and inferior wings blackish with a cupreous tint; cilia pale black. The female of this insect has the antennas less robust at the base, I believe, than the male. Mr. Dale finds this species on rushes in a boggy place by a copse near Glanvilles Wootton, Dorset, he believes at the end of May ; I have received it also from Cobham, in Surrey. The Plant represented in the Plate is Prenanthes muralis (Wall Prenanthes). 304. PANCALIA WOODIELLA. The Manchester Tinea. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae Leach. Type of the Genus, Tinea Leuwenhoekella Linn. Pancalia Step. — Tinea Linn., Fab., Hub., Haw. — Porrectaria 8f Gracillaria Haw. Antenna alike in both sexes, inserted close to the eyes on the crown of the head, considerably shorter than the wings, slightly setaceous, composed of numerous joints covered with scales, the basal joint long and subclavate ( I ). Maxillce nearly twice as long as the palpi, slender and spiral, clothed externally at the base with scales (3). Labial Palpi longer than the head and recurved (7 a, 4), divari- cating (7, 4), clothed with flat metallic scales, triarticulate, basal joint rather short subclavate, 2nd long and curved, 3rd a htlle longer, slender and setaceous (4 a). Head s/ior<, subglobose, clothed with broad depressed metallic scales (7). Eyes small, subovate and lateral (7 a, the head in profile). Thorax clothed with broad depressed scales. Wings nearly horizontal and incumbent when at rest, superior linear-lanceolate, producing longish cilia, inferior smaller and lanceolate, furnished with long cilia. Legs robust, posterior pair the longest. Thighs very short. Tibiae ; an- terior with an internal spine, the others spurred, the posterior having 2 spurs at the middle also, and a small pencil of hairs at the apex, opposite to the spurs, which are unequal in length. Tarsi b -jointed. Claws very minute (8 f , a hind leg). Caterpillars with 1 6 ? feet. VVOODIELLA Nob. Female. Glossy black. Antennae with the basal joint beneath pale. Palpi ochreous. Head, thorax and abdomen with a slight reddish tinge. Superior wings bright orange above, a mark at the base clubbed at both ends, and a semifusiform one on the costa beyond the middle, black, metallic in the middle like steel ; a line at the basal angle, a large square spot on the inferior mar- gin, and a sinuated fimbria, black tinged with purple. Inferior wings reddish orange, freckled with black. Cilia yellowish black. Beneath reddish orange freckled with dull black. Coxae whitish. Legs broken off. In the Author's Cabinet. It is almost unnecessary to observe, that in order to ascertain an estabhshed genus, it is requisite to peruse the characters, and not depend entirely upon a name : indeed it is frequently necessary to go further, and to trace a genus to its origin to avoid error. Had Mr. Stephens taken this trouble, he vfouM not have superseded the generic name Glyph ipter}^^, nor have given to Latreille's true OEcophora the title of Dasycera. Latreille established the genus CEcophora in his " Histoirc Naturelle," and expressly says, the types are the TinecE sulphu- rella and Oliviella of Fabricius, and thus charactei'izes them : " Two very long palpi ; 2nd articulation more clothed with scales than the others ; the last of the same length, almost conical and naked." It is true that the same author, to avoid creating Genera in this Order, has in his " Genera Cn«toceora7«" enumerated eight Tineae as examples; but the character which he there gives, *' Palpi recurved beyond the head" vs^ill at once exclude our Glyphipteryx, which has drooping Palpi: and in his last work, " Families Naturelles" he says of GEcophora, " Labial palpi much longer than the head, and thrown backward as far as the top of the thorax." The following are British species of Pancalia. 1. P. Woodiella Curt. Brit. Ent. 304<. — The only specimen I have seen of this beautiful Moth, which is larger than the others, is a female; it was taken on Kersall-moor the middle of last June by Mr. R. Wood, of Manchester, to whom I have the pleasure of dedicating it; — a most zealous and suc- cessful naturalist, to whose liberality I am indebted for this and many other valuable insects. 2. P. Latreillella Curtis. — Fuscous, superior wings ochreous orange, with 7 embossed silver spots on each. This species is distinguished from the following by its considerably larger size, the antennae are entirely fuscous, the orange of the superior wings is rather of a different tint, and the silver spots towards the apex are not of the same form. — I forget its locality. 3. P. Leuwenhoekella Linn. — Ha>w. 574. 47 . — Taken by Mr. Dale, the 1st of June, near Bristol; it was abundant amongst grass and fern near Ambleside, and I met with it last May, in a wood near Kimpton. 4. P. Merianella Linn.—Haiso. 531. 17.— Micella Hiih., Ti?i. 31. 210.— Reaum. P 1. p. 17. / 12.— The Caterpillars feed on the Plum and Bird-Cherry. The Moth is very com- mon amongst Heath, at Ramsdown, Hants, the end of Au- gust, and in other parts of the same county. 5. P. fusco-aenea Haw. 537. 21. — " (The Brown-brassy). 7 lines broad. Anterior wings fuscous-aeneous, shining, of a coppery tint. Posterior linear-subulate, black, shining." Haw. 6. P. fusco-cuprea Haw. 537. 22. — " (The Brown-copper). 5| lines broad. Anterior wings fuscous-cupreous, imma- culate. Very much like the preceding but smaller, wings broader in proportion to the size ; posterior fuscous shining." Haw.—rMr. Stephens includes these two insects in his genus Pancalia, but I have had no opportunity to examine them. The plant is Clinopodium vulgare ("Wild Basil). I I 152. GLYPHIPTERYX LINNEELLA. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. TineidjE Leach. Tineites Lat. Type of the Genus Phalaena Linneella Clerck. Glyphipteryx Nob. — OEcophora Lat. — Tinea Fab. — Phalaena (Tinea) Linn. Antenna capillary^ alike in both sexes, inserted close to the eyes on the crown of the head, as long as the wings, composed of numerous joints covered with scales, the basal joint long, nearly naked and subcluvate (fig. 1, a few joints magnified). Maxilla not much longer than the palpi, attenuated, robust and covered with scales at the base (3, 3), Labial Palpi drooping and diverging outward (4, 4), longer than the head, slender, slightly curved, and sparingly clothed with small scales, 3-jointed, basal joint clavate, 2nd long linear, 3rd nearly as long attenuated (4 a). Head obovate viewed in front, the chjpeus being somewhat produced (7), covered with close, broad, shining imbricated scales. Eyes small (7 a, the head in profile). Wings subdeflexed when at rest, superior linear-lanceolate embossed, the posterior margin not defined producing very long hairy scales from the surface, forming the cilia : inferior lanceolate, surrounded by very long cilia. Legs, posterior pair the longest. Thighs very short. Tibiae, anterior with an internal spine, the remainder spurred, the posterior having 2 spurs towards the base and producing some long hairs on the outside. Tarsi 5-jointed. Claws minute (8 f, a hind leg) . Caterpillars with 14 feet. Fab. Pupae naked. Fab. Linneella Clerck, tab. 12. f. 8.— Linn. Faun. Suec. 1408. Head thorax and abdomen very glossy, dull and pale violaceous. Antennae black, white at their apex. Palpi and legs fuscous variegated with yellowish white, Superior wings bright orange, black at the base and apex where it is metallic ; a line on the costa interrupted in the middle, a small spot near the base and 3 embossed spots forming a triangle in the middle of each wing burnished silver, the latter black beneath. Inferior wings black- ish violet, with a yellow cast. Cilia blackish. In the Author's and other Cabinets. The long palpi, which form so strong a feature in the Tineidce, are so constantly either porrectetl or recurved over the head, that the drooping attitude of the species under investigation, cannot fail to strike a close observer of these little insects ; and if we had not had the opportunity of examining a considerable number, we should have concluded that it was merely acci-, dental : the perfect smoothness of the head and its peculiar form, the smallness of the eyes, and the robust and scaly base of the proboscis, are also by no means universal characters. From the beautiful elevated metallic spots upon the wings, which are composed as in Peronea, of bundles of longer scales than those covering the rest of the surface, they have an em- bossed appearance, for which reason the name Glyphipteryx has been assigned to them. From our insect answering Linnaeus's description so well, there can be little doubt that it is the Phalcena Li7ineella of Clerck, who figured and named it after the illustrious Swede. Although small it is extremely beautiful, and is considered by collectors a valuable acquisition ; indeed it existed in very few cabinets until my friend Mr. Charles Fox detected a con- siderable number upon the trunks of willow-trees, last July, near the banks of the Thames, and liberally supplied me with very fine specimens. Phalcena [Tinea) Schccfferella Linn, j and Don. Brit. Ijis. V. 5. pi. 175, belongs to our genus. This pretty insect we once met with in abundance upon the Tansy ( Tanacetum vulgare), and Mr. Donovan found it in May upon the same plant. Linnaeus says it feeds upon the leaves of a Fagus. Not having specimens of P. Rcesella Linn. (Clerck, tab. 12. f. 13.), we cannot be positive, although there is little doubt that it belongs to our genus : Linnaeus says that the caterpillars feed upon the parenchyma of the leaves of apple-trees. The larvae are all probably subcutaneous feeders, as well as those of the large group, which we shall call Ai-gyromiges, containing TinecE Gcedartella, semiargentella, Cramerella, Rayella, &c. The plant figured is Geranium Rohertiaiium (Herb Robert). 284. ARGYROMIGES AUTUMNELLA. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae Leach. Tineites Lat. Type of the Genus, Tinea Rayella Linn. Argyromiges Nob. — Argyromis Ste. — ^Tinea Linn., FaL, Haw., &c. AntenncE capillary, alike in both sexes, inserted on each side the crown of the head, as long as the wings and bent back beneath them when in repose, composed of numerous subquadrate joints covered with scales, the basal joint being stout (1). M(^xill(E spiral flat broad and short, not more than twice as long «s the Palpi (3). Labial Palpi drooping and bent under the thorax, slightly diva- ricating, nearly straight, not longer than the head, completely covered with scales (4) ; triarticulate ? basal joint minute, 2nd short, subturbinate, 3rd the longest compressed and membra- nous (4 a). Head deflexed, subglobose, covered with porrected scales on the crown forming a tuft, those on the clypeus being close and imbricated. Eyes small lateral (7 & Wings j superior linear, sublanceolate, parallel, meeting over the back and appearing cylindrical when at rest, ciliated at the apex and on the interior margin, where the cilig, are very long: inferior slender linear producing very long cilia. Abdomen slender, tufted at the apex in the males, and acuminate^ in the females. Legs ; anterior the shortest, with an internal spine on the tibia, the others spurred, the posterior tibice being longer and producing a pair of spurs towards the base, one of which is very long (St). Tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint the longest. Claws minute. Caterpillars with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Pupse in- closed in a cocoon. Obs. The dissections were made and the: characters taken from the species figured. AUTCMNELLA Nob. Yellowish white, sometimes silvery white. Superior wings with a large irregular and long yellowish brown spot towards the ex- tremity, with 4 blackish triangular marks on the costa and an intensely black dot at the apex, below which is a small spot and a black ray : inferior wings shining fuscous, the cilia blackish, iridescent. Body lead colour, palest at the margins. Legs fus- cous, silverv beneath. In the Author's and other Cabinets. The short .straight palpi, long antennae, and narrow wings, are llie best characters to distmguish the genus Argyromiges, a name which I have assigned to them from the species being frequently spotted with silver. The following are said to be British. 1. Blancardella Fab. Haw. — End of May> hedges. 2. Schreberella Fab. Ilav). — Hedges near London, b. May. 3. Cydoniellu Fab. Haw.— Hub.? pi. 39. /. 271.— On Pyrus Cy- donia, &c. 4. Klemannella Fab. Haw. —Hub. pi. 29. /. 201. — e. May, hedges. Coomb-wood. 5. Mespilella Hub. pi. 39./. 272. — Haw. — e. May, hedges. (5. Rajella I,in». ?— Rayella Hub. pi. 29./. 200.— e. April and May, hedges. 7. tristrigella Haw. — e. May, Coomb-wood. 8. trifasciella Haw. — Lyonetella Liim. ? — e. May, hedges. Coomb- wood. 9. Harrisella Linn. — e. May and June, skirts of woods. 10. Cramerella fat.— Prunifoliella Hub. pi. 28. /. 19 J.— Bonnetella Linn. ? — The larvae are found on oak leaves in November ; they feed on the parenchyma, forming a cocoon, between the plates of the leaf, surrounded by their excrement, which in- flates the leaf, and when ready to hatch, the chrysalis works its way through the plate of the leaf beneath, and the moth escapes : this happens in May and June. 11. Spartifoliella Hub. pi. 49. f. 335.— punctaurella Haw. .578. 63.— Broom fields, Coomb-wood, June j and near Dunkeld, m. July. 12. hortella Ha«;.— Cramerella Don? 11. pi. 392. /. 1.— e. May, skirts of woods. 13. Ulmifoliella Hub. pi. 66. f. 444. — I have taken one specimen of this insect. 14. sylvella Haw.— Blancardella Don? 11. pi. 392. /. 2.— e. May, woods. 15. cuculipenella Haw. — Coomb-wood. Hiibner's fig, 192. pi. 28, represents, I suspect, a Gracillaria. 16. autumnella Curtis Brit. Ent. pi. 284. — For the history of this elegant little moth I am indebted to a lady, who informs me that she found the larvae, pupae, and imago at the same time. The caterpillars were observed the end of September and be- ginning of October upon elm leaves ; they fastened themselves by their hinder feet, and curved their bodies to walk as repre- sented in the plate ; they eventually attached a cocoon to the back of the leaf, by eight threads, four from each end, four being fastened to the leaf, and four to two parallel threads, so as to be suspended like a hammock ; and in two or three days after, the moths emerged. Mr, Dale has taken specimens at Glanvilles Wootton, on apple-trees, and others have been found in the New Forest. The uncoloured figure shows the natural size of the larva, the coloured one and the cocoon being equally magnified, 17. Corylifoliella Hub. pi. 28. /. 194. — May and June, hedges. Coomb-wood. 18. Alnifoliella Hub. pi. 28. f. 193. 1 9. obscurella Steph. 20. rufipunctella Haw, — e. May, white-thorn, Kent. The plant is Polygonum Pcrsicaria (Spotted Snakeweed). 719. EDERESA SEMITESTACELLA. The testaceous White-back. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae. Type of the Genus, Tinea Pruniella Linn. Ede HESA Curt. — Erminea Haw. — CEcophora Och. — Tinea Linn Hiib. Antenna inserted on each side of the crown, over the eyes, as long as the body and very slender, composed of numerous elon- gated joints, attenuated at the base, each clothed above with 2 series of scales and hairy beneath, especially at the base of each joint, the 1st longer stouter curved and scaly (1). Maxilla shorter than the antenna, spiral, very slender and naked at the base (3). Labial palpi more or less drooping, divaricating, slender, as long or longer than the head, clothed with short scales, triarticulate, basal joint a little clavate and curved, 2nd longer, nearly linear, 3rd nearly as long and stout, rounded at the apex (4 8; 4 a). Head small with a large tuft of upright hairs covering the crown ; face skirling, loith broad depressed scales (7 <^ 7*): eyes small and orbi- cular. Thorax small. Abdomen rather short, apex obtuse in the male, conical in the female. Wings long and narrow, very much defiexed, almost cylindric in repose : superior elliptic-lanceolate, casta arched ; cilia very long and extending round the apex ivhere it is short : inferior very narrotv and perfectly lanceolate ; cilia very long, extending all round. Legs, hinder the longest : thighs short : tibiae, anterior short, the others with long unequal spurs at the apex, hinder long and stoutish, with a long unequal pair also considerably above the middle : tarsi long, 5-jointed, basal joint long, apical one short (8t). The dissections were drawn from T. curvella Linn. Semitestacella Curt. Guide, Gen. 1027. 8. Silky testaceous ; palpi, crown of head and antennae white, the latter spotted with black : superior wings fulvous, slightly mottled, with a delicate violaceous bloom, 3 whitish spots on the costa near the apex, and a flame-shaped stripe of the same colour on the inferior margin, not extending beyond the middle : inferior wings pale plumbeous, cilia yellowish fuscous, yellowish at the apex of the superior wings with two fuscous curved lines ; tibiae and tai'si spotted above with brown. In the Author's Cabinet. From my genus Argyromiges (pi. 284<) this group is separated by its short antennae and broader wings, as well as by the proportions of the palpi and spurs, which are different; but I find that Argyrosetia has nothing more than the metallic co- lour of the superior wings to distinguish it from Ederesa. I expect the larvae have 16 feet, but whether they are subcuta- neous or live in leaves, rolled up by themselves, I am not able to say; if Stewart be correct, the caterpillar of E. Pruniella *' harbours in the flowers of the cherry, and having destroyed the part of fructification, it connects them with a thread ; it is of a whitish-green colour; the head and first segment of the body brown and shining." The following are our species. 1. Clematella Fab.— Wood, pi. 42./ 1303.— repandella Hiib. pi. 37./. 256. The caterpillar feeds on the Clematis, the moth occurs at Darent the beginning of July. 2. curvella Limi. — Wood,/. 1302. — curva Haw. _p. 516. 14. June and July in osier holts and in gardens near willows. 3. ossea Haw. — Wood,/. 1304.—/ 1306 is another genus. June and July, woods near Dover. 5. ocellea Step. III. — 4. subocellea Ste. var. P June, Darent Wood. 6. tetrapodella Linn.? June, in gardens near London. 7. Pruniella Limi. — Wood,/. 1298.— Pruni Haw. — Ephip- pella Fab. Common in gardens and hedges in June and July. 10. albistria Haw. — Wood, 1299. June, hedges and woods, Coomb and Darent. 11. mendicella i/wi. pi. 26./ 179, not Wood's /. 129G. Hedges, Epping Forest. 12. semifusca Haw. — Wood,/. 1300. — Pruniella Don. 2. 58. 1. 4- 59. 2. End of June and July, Highgate, Cambridgeshire, and Wrentham, Suffolk. 8. semitestacella Curt. B. E. pi. 719 ?. — 9. semipurpurella Curt. var. These insects I described in the Ent. Mag. several years since; they were taken in the New Forest by Mr. C. Lyell. Wood's fig. 1301 is a totally different species, which appears to belong to another group: his fig. 1300 does not represent my variety, which has the upper wings castaneous and grey, instead of fulvous. Melittis Melissophyllum, var. grandifiora. Purple and white Bastard Balm, from Westwood, near Netley Abbey, was communicated by Dr. Bromfield. 412. *YPONOMEUTA ECHIELLA. ■^*YPONOMElUTA PUSIELLA. Ordek Lepidoptera. Fam. TineidiE. Type of the Genus, Tinea pusiella Linn. Yponomeuta Lat., Sam. — Ekminba Hau;., Curt. — Tinea Linn., Fah., Hub. — Ccenyphantes IJiib. AntenncE simple, alike in both sexes, rather short and setaceous, inserted close to the eyes on each side of the head, composed of numerous short joints, clothed with scales above, pubescent be- neath (I). Maxillce robust and spiral, not longer than the palpi, clothed ex- ternally with scales at the base (3). Labial Palpi long slender and curved upward, slightly divarica- ting, clothed with short scales, triarticulate, basal jomt subclavate, 2nd curved and very long, 3rd shorter, but longer than the 1st joint, very slender, tapering and acute (4 and 4 a). Head rather small, the crown thickly clothed luith erect scales : eyes lateral, prominent and orbicular (7 front view; 7* profile of the head) . Thorax smooth. Wings rolled or convoluted when at rest, long, linear- lanceolate ; inferior ample. Abdomen rather short and conical in the female. Legs, anterior rather short. Tibise, anterior short, with an internal spine, the others spurred at the apex, posterior with a pair of spurs above the middle, clothed externally with hairy scales. Tarsi 5 -jointed, basal joint the longest (8 f , hind leg) . Caterpillars with 6 pectoral 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Pupae in- closed in a cocoon or web. EcHiELLA Hub. — Curt. Guide, Gen. 1029.9. Cream-colour, antennae face and palpi, excepting the base and the 3rd joint, black : thorax bearing 6 black spots : superior wings with the costal half mouse-colour, excepting the tip, the central margin deeply sinuated and lobed j base of the cilia bear- ing 1 1 black dots and a spot on the apex mouse-colour : inferior wings slightly tinted with yellow, the apex cinereous ; abdomen and posterior legs orange. PosiELLA Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. 884. 347.— Curt. Guide, 1029. 8. Pale cream-colour, antennae, base of palpi and base of 3rd joint black J a circle round the eyes and 6 spots on the thorax black, the posterior one double : anterior wings with a very irregular sinuated black stripe along the middle, with 3 black spots near the base, 2 towards the apex and a large one on the costa j 1 ] black dots along the base of the cilia and a faint black one at the apex : inferior wings satiny- white, the superior portion more or less fuscous, with a few spots along the margin at the apex : abdomen of the female with 4 black spots on the apical joint. In the Cabinet of the British Museum. The similar appearance of Eulepia cribrum (pi. 56.) and of the group now under consideration, has led Latreille and other authors to connect the Bombycidas and Tineidae at this point; but on comparing the essential generic characters I think no affinity can be established: I shall therefore include the genera of my Guide from 821 to 827, and perhaps 828 and 829 in the family Lithosiidas. The names in my Guide of genera 1028 and 1029 must be transposed, for M. Latreille gave T. evonymella, padella and echiella as types of Yponomeuta, and Mr. Haworth having included both my genera in his group Erminea, this name may be retained for my genus 1 028, which is preferable to giving it a new name. The following are British species, and the 5 or 6 first live in society in a web in the larva state. 1. Y. plumbella Fab. — Hiib. — Tin. 13. 86. — End of August, hedges, Kent. Baylam Pond and Enborne, July 12th, J. C. Dale, Esq. 2. Y. padella Linn. — Hub. 13. 87. — Evonymella Z)on. 1.9. — rorella Huh. 34<. 234.? — End of July, hedges and gardens. 3. Y. Cagnatella Hub. 58. 391 and 392. — rorea Havo.^ a va- riety of Y. padella probably. 4. Y. irrorella Hiib. 14. 93. — Found in Surrey, but rare. 5. Y. Evonymella Linn. — Don. 10. 355. 4. — Caterpillars feed on the Spindle Tree, Bird Cherry, &c. The moths are found in June and August, in hedges and gardens. 6. Y. dodecea Hatio. 514. 6. — decemguttella Hiib. 44. 303. It has been taken at Coombe. The Caterpillars were said to have been found in the young shoots of Scotch Fir-trees. 7. Y. funerella Hiib. 13. 85. — Goda^ pi. 44. 5. — I have a spe- cimen of this rare moth from Mr. Flastead's cabinet, and I took another at Fontainebleau 22nd July 1830. Taken also at Clifton near Bristol, by Capt. Blomer. 8. Y. pusiella Linn. — Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. ^12** feni. — Litho- sperraella Hiib. The specimens in the British Museum of this and the fol- lowing species are stated to have been bred or taken at Dover. The eggs, cocoon and larva in our Plate are copied from Hiibner. 9. Y. Echiella Hiib.— Curt. B. E. pi. 412*/m.— bipunctella Fab. This species appears in summer, and the Caterpillar feeds upon the Viper-grass [Echiim vulgare). The plant is Lithospermum officinale (Common Gromwell), on which the larvae of Y. pusiella feed. 420. CEIIOSTOMA ANNULATELLA. The ringed diamond-back. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidae. Type of the Genus, Tinea Xylostella Li7in. Cebostoma Lat. — Alucita Lat.- — Ypsolophus Fad., Haw. — Tinea Linn., Hub. Antenna porrected in a line with the body when at rest, inserted on each side the head near to the eyes, rather long and slender, thickened towards the base, densely clothed with scales above ( 1 ) . MaxillcE shorter than the antennae, slender and spiral (3). Palpi minute, acute and porrected upward. Labial Palpi rather long, curved upward and parallel, basal joint the shortest, 2nd densely clothed with long scales, projecting from the underside and apex and forming a long thick brush (4). 3rd joint the longest, very slender and clothed with minute scales (4 a). Head tufted or clothed on the crown with somewhat upright scales (7). Eyes lateral subglobose (7 *) . Wings very much deflexed and turned up at the apex when at rest ; superior long, narrow and lanceolate ; inferior lanceolate and deeply ciliated. Abdomen much shorter than the wings, linear in the males, ventricose in the females, slightly tifted. Legs slender, anterior the shortest. Thighs, posterior very short. Tibiae, anterior with an internal spine, the others spurred at the apex, the posterior very long clothed only with short scales and having a pair of spurs near the middle (8 f). Tarsi 5-jointed, basal joint long. Claws viiniite. Larvae subfusiform with 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal and 2 anal feet. Roesel. Pupae inclosed in a web. Annulatella Curtis's Guide, Gen. 1031. 2. In the Cabinets of Mr. tVailes and the Author. The narrow wings of this httle group and the less developed maxillary palpi will distinguish it from the Ypsolophi; to which it is so nearly allied, that it is perhaps scarcely worth separa- ting them. I have however applied Latreille's name, which is equally applicable to both; and if the true Ypsolophi do not porrect their antennae as these do when at rest, there is good reason to divide them. The genus of C. hesperidella depends on this character, for it is in every other respect an interme- diate form. As I shall most probably not illustrate Ypsolophus, I shall here give the species, &c. 1. Y. mucronellus Hiib. Tin. jjI. 15. / 99.— July, Darent, Messrs. Chant and Bentley, Aug. Sept. Coomb Wood. 2. Y. sylvellus Hub. 63. 420. — Persicellus Harv. not of Hiib. — biflisciatus Haw. — Nemorum Fab. — Middle of June and September. 3. Y. variellus Hub. 16. 106. — 5-punctatus, lutosus, and fla- viciliatus Haw. vars. — End of July, Birch-wood, J. C. — Beginning of September, Devon. 4. Y. rufinriitrellus Hiib. 18. 124-. 5. Y. fissellus Hub. 16. 108. 6. Y. radiatellus Don. 3. pi. 77. 3. & 4. — Beginning of Au- gust, middle of October, Apple-trees, Glanville's Wootton, J. C. Dale, Esq. 7. Y. costellus Hiib. 16. 107. — ochroleucus, ermineus, and ustulatus Haw. vars. — End of August, beginning of September, in Oak-vvfoods, Devon. 8. Y. maurellus Hiib. 18. 122? 9. Y. vittellusZ/. — Hilb.Bl. 349. — dorsatus? Lat.Gen. Crust. 4. 233. pi. 16./. 6. —Trunks of Elms, Kensington Gardens. 10. Y. sequellus Li?i7i. — Hiib. 15. 103. — End of August, hedges, Westerham, Kent, but rare. CEROSTOMA. 1. Hesperidella Hiib. 25. 169. — vittatus F. — In gardens the whole of June, end of August and beginning of October, Wrentham, Suffolk; Lyndhurst, Hants; and Lisson Grove. J. C. 2. annulatella Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 420. Whitish ochre, base of palpi brovi^n, each joint of the antennas annulated with brown ; eyes black ; shoulders brown : superior wings variegated and spotted with brown, leaving a pale space along the inferior margin on which is a row of dots, the in- ternal edge is indented, and forms a fiddle-shaped mark when the wings are closed ; on the costa towards the base is a double row of dots, and beyond them 4 large brown spots, the pos- terior margin is brown, and the cilia variegated with the same colour : inferior wings cinereous, cilia brownish ochre : tibiae and tarsi annulated with brown and ochre. I first discovered this insect, which varies very much in co- lour, in Scotland in August; and it has been since taken on the sea-coast at Tynemouth, Northumberland, by G. WaileSj-Esq. 3. maculipennis Curt. Guide, No. 3. The size of C. Xylostella : dirty ochre, superior wings freckled with brown, inferior margin dark brown with 3 large ochreous spots, one towards the base, another at the centre, and a 3rd near the posterior angle. August, Scotland ; and middle of September in a field at Heron Court, Hants. 4. Xylostella Z/.—i^wi. 17. 119.— Roesel 1. i. 10.— End of June, London; middle of July, Dover; August, Scotland, on Honey-suckles and Wall-flowers; middle of Oc- tober, Turnip-fields, Southchurch, Essex. The Plant is Ranunculus atiricomus (Goldilocks, or Wood Crowfoot). [ I 679. ACROLEPIA BETULELLA. The Durham Tinea. Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Tineidte. Type of the Genus, Acrolepia autumnitella Curt. AcROLEPiA Curt. Antenn