tmmxm >go, aimogns. ionoon.n.w.i.

THE MOSQUITOES
OF NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA
AND THE WEST INDIES

BY

LELAND O. HOWARD, HARRISON G. DYAR,
AND FREDERICK KNAB

VOLUME FOUR
SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION (IN TWO PARTS)

PART II

WASHINGTON, D. C.

PUBLISHED BY THE CaHNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON

1917

CABNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON
Publication No. 159, Vol. 4

Copses of this Book

were first issued
MAR 33 1917

Z$t JSotb (gaftttnore (prcee

BALTIMORE, MD., U. S- A.

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION

PART II

Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2015

https://archive.org/details/b2135716x_0004

Tribe CULICINI— Continued.

Genus PSOROPHORA Robineau-Desvoidy.

Psorophora Robineau-Desvoidy, M6m. Soc. Hist. nat. Paris, iii, 412, 1827.
Psorophora Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., Dipt., i, 2, 1848.
Culex Walker (in part), Cat. Brit. Mus., Dipt., i, 2, 1848.
Sabethes Walker (not Robineau-Desvoidy), Cat. Brit. Mus., Dipt., i, 1, 1848.
Psorophora Lynch-Arribalzaga, Rev. Mus. de la Plata, i, 374, ii, 138, 1891.
Janthinosoma Lynch-Arribalzaga, Rev. Mus. de la Plata, i, 374, ii, 152, 1891.
Psorophora Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 178, 1900.
Sabethes Giles (in part), Gnats or Mosq., 183, 1900.

Psorophora Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent, Circ. 40, 2 Ser., 4, 1900.
Psorophora Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent, Bull. 25, 45, 1900.
Psorophora Howard, Mosquitoes, 144, 1901.
Conchyliastes Howard, Mosquitoes, 155, 1901.

Psorophora Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., iv, 235, 1901 (without species).
Janthinosoma Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., iv, 235, 1901 (without species).
Janthinosoma Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 253, 1901.
Psorophora Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 259, 1901.
Conchyliastes Howard, Mosquitoes, 3 ed., 155, 1902.
Janthinosoma Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 335, 337, 1902.
Psorophora Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 335, 343, 1902.
Psorophora Neveu-Lemaire, C. R. Soc. Biol. Paris, liv, 1331, 1902.
Culex Neveu-Lemaire (in part), M6m. Soc. zool. France, xv, 210, 1902.
Psorophora Neveu-Lemaire, Mem. Soc. zool. France, xv, 216, 1902.
Janthinosoma Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 124, 1903.
Psorophora Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 130, 1903.

Psorophora Johannsen, N. Y. State Mus., Bull. 68, 390, 391, 392, 410, 1903.
Conchyliastes Johannsen, N. Y. State Mus., Bull. 68, 392, 1903.
Psorophora Coquillett, Rev. de Med. Trop., iv, 113, 1903.
Orabhamia Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, iii, 243, 1903.
Psorofora Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 61, 1904.
Psorophora Felt. Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 265. 391a, 1904.
Jantinosoma Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 60, 1904.
Janthinosoma and Psorophora Lahille, Class, des Moust, 16, 1904.
Janthinosoma Felt, N. Y. State Mus., Bull. 79, 271, 391a, 1904.
Orabhamia Felt, N. Y. State Mus., Bull. 79, 391b, 1904.
Psorophora Dyar, Proc Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 45, 46, 1905.
Janthinosoma Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 45, 47, 1905.
Psorophora Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt., 26 fasc, 14, 16, 1905.
Janthinosoma Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt. fasc. 26, 14, 16, 1905.
Orabhamia Theobald (in part), Gen. Ins., Dipt. fasc. 26, 15, 23, 1905.
Feltidia Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 45, 47, 1905.
Psorophora Blanchard, Les Moustlques, 237, 1905.
Ianthinosoma Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 231, 1905.
Orabhamia Blanchard (in part), Les Moustiques, 396, 1905.
Orabhamia Theobald (in part), Mosq. or Culic, Jamaica, 7, 1905.
Orabhamia Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 472, 1905.
Psorophora Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 178, 179, 1906.
JaJithinosoma Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 178, 181, 1906.
Ceratocystia Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 178, 183, 1906.
Psorophorinae Mitchell, Psyche, xiii, 21, 1906.
Orabhamia Coquillett, Science, n. s., xxiii, 313, 1906.
Lepidosia Coquillett, Science, n. s., xxiii, 314, 1906.

Psorophorinae Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 14, 1906.
Psorophora Coquillett (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech. Ser. 11, 14, 1906.
Lepidosia Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech. Ser. 11, 15, 16, 1906.
Janthinosoma Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 15, 17, 1906.
Orabhamia Coquillett (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech. Ser. 11, 15, 21, 1906.

525

526

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Janthinosoma Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 148, 152, 1907.
Psorophora Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 148, 158, 1907.
Grabhamia Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, 150, 284, 1907.
Ianthinosoma Autran, Anal. Dep. Nac. Hig., xiv, 11, 1907.
Psorophora Autran, Anal. Dep. Nac. Hig., xiv, 15, 1907.
Psorophora Dyar & Knab, Can. Ent., xxxix, 48, 1907.
Aedes Dyar & Knab (in part), Can. Ent., xxxix, 48, 1907.

Psorophora and Janthinosoma Howard, Osier's Modern Medicine, i, 372, 1907.

Psorophora Williston, Man. No. Am. Dipt., 3 ed., 108, 1908.

Aedes Williston (in part), Man. No. Am. Dipt, 3 ed., 108, 1908.

Janthinosoma and Psorophora Peryassti, Os Culic. do Brazil, 34, 1908.

Janthinosoma and Psorophora Pazos, San. y Ben., ii, 40, 1909.

Grabhamia Pazos (in part), San. y Ben., ii, 40, 1909.

Aedes Pazos (in part), San. y Ben., ii, 43, 1909.

Janthinosoma Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 112, 118, 1910.

Psorophora Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 112, 123, 1910.

Grabhamia Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, v, 116, 277, 1910.

The type species are: Of Psorophora Kobineau-Desvoidy, Culex ciliata
Fabrichis; of Janthinosoma Arribalzaga, Culex discrucians Walker; of Grab-
hamia Theobald, Culex jamaicensis Theobald ; of Conchyliastes Howard, Culex
musicus Say; of Feltidia Dyar, Culex jamaicensis Theobald; of Ceratocystia
Dyar & Knab, Culex discolor Coquillett; of Lepidosia. Coquillett, Culex cyan-
escens Coquillett.
Generic Diagnosis of Adult:

Proboscis moderate; palpi short or moderately long in the female, never more than
half the length of the proboscis; those of the male longer than the proboscis. Head
elongate, the occiput broad and exposed. Antennae of the female filiform, the joints
subequal, with basal whorls of sparse, rather short hairs; those of the male plumose,
the last two joints long, the others short and thickened at the insertions of the hair
whorls. Prothoracic lobes remote dorsally, the prothorax produced into a collar-
like neck. Mesonotum projecting anteriorly, arcuate, with setae on the disk. Scu-
tellum trilobate. Clypeus and postnotum nude. Abdomen subcylindrical in the
female, tapered at the tip, the cerci prominent, the eighth segment entirely mem-
branous and completely retractile; that of the male elongate, depressed, with abun-
dant lateral ciliation. Wings rather narrow in some species, broad in others; smoky
in most species, particularly towards the costa. Legs moderate, the hind tibial
scraper with a row of spines. Claws of the female toothed or simple; unequal and
toothed, at least in part, in the male.

Generic Diagnosis of Labva:

The larvae divide into two groups which show striking differences correlated to
habits. The larvae of the one group, which constitutes Psorophora in the sense here-
tofore recognized, are predaceous; those of the second group, the subgenus Janthino-
soma feed in the ordinary manner upon small particles suspended in the water. The
adoption of the predaceous habit has led to a profound modification of the entire
head in the first group and the two subgenera are best defined separately.

Subgenus Psorophora: Head broad, subquadrate, broadest at or behind the eyes.
The mouth brushes are well separated, inserted upon lateral prominences of the
front; the elements of the brushes are coarse, hooked at the apex and serrate along
their inner margins. Antennae small and inserted well back on the sides of the head.
The maxillae are broad, quadrate. Head hairs small, single. Lateral comb of the
eighth segment of many scales in a single row, sometimes attached to a plate, in
most species preceded by a large patch of minute rudimentary scales. Air-tube
somewhat fusiform, usually rather long, the pecten teeth produced into hairs and
followed by a hair-tuft. Anal segment completely ringed by the chitinous plate;
ventral brush well developed and extending into the plate. Anal gills four, equal.

Subgenus Janthinosoma: Head rounded, rather broad. Mouth brushes normal in
position, composed of fine hairs. Antennae inserted upon prominent anterior angles
of the head, of moderate or large size, in one species inflated, the tuft near the middle.
Maxillae prominent, conical. Head hairs variously developed. Lateral comb of the
eighth segment of a few large scales usually attached to a weakly developed plate;
the scales are broad and flat and have several large spines. Air-tube large, inflated
in all but one species, with only a few broad pecten teeth. Anal segment ringed,
ventral brush well developed and extending into the plate. Anal gills four, variously
developed, nearly obsolete in the salt-water species.

TABLES OF PSOROPHORA

527

In the larvse of both subgenera the anal plate surrounds the segment and the ven-
tral brush is partly inserted within it. A peculiarity of all the larvae of the genus is
that the air-tube is only completely chitinized in the last stage. In the first three
stages the air-tube is only chitinized apically while the basal portion is membranous.

The genus Psorophora is confined to America. It extends throughout the
tropics and well into the temperate regions of both continents, especially on the
Atlantic side.

The genus is a well-marked one, but stands on characters other than those
originally designated. The more striking species were early taken out of
Culex and have been kept separate by all authors except some of the early ones.
The genus is a development from Aedes and falls into two subgenera, Psoro-
phora and Janthinosoma, on the characters of the larva?. The peculiar spiny
eggs are the same in both, and the male genitalia and the other adult characters
are of the same type throughout. The larva? of the two groups differ particu-
larly in the mouth-parts, but these can not be expected to be an index to rela-
tionship, as they are the very parts most profoundly modified in adaptation to
habits. The serrate character of the mouth-brushes, which has been used in
classification, is repeated in certain species of Aedes and is therefore not diag-
nostic.

The difference in the structure of the claws of the female, has probably no
greater significance than indicating a difference in the manner of copulating.
Although colorational differences mark off the forms with simple claws, there
is nothing in the structure of other parts, of the male genitalia or of the larva?,
that would admit of their separation. On the other hand the close relationship
is unmistakable.

The larva? live in temporary pools in the ground, formed by rains. They de-
velop with the greatest rapidity, hatching immediately after a rain has filled
the hollows where the eggs have been lying, and proceeding with the four larval
stages as quickly as possible, sometimes in as many days.

The eggs are laid singly, on the ground, probably in the dry hollows where
water usually collects after rains. They have a spinose covering. This probably
preserves them from desiccation while the puddles are dry. It is essential that
the development should proceed as rapidly as possible, as these transient puddles
often dry up in a few days. Indeed, they often dry so soon as to preclude the
development of any adults. A second rain, following the first within a few days,
is usually essential to secure a successful brood. The eggs from one brood do
not all hatch when submerged the first time, and some of them hatch after every
considerable rain.

The winter, or the dry season, is passed in the egg state. The adults of the
larger species are rather severe biters and, owing to their size, can puncture the
skin of a man through a considerable thickness of clothing. A number of the
smaller species apparently do not attack man but feed upon other warm-blooded
animals. We have no observations on their mating habits.

Tables of the Species,
adults, structure and coloration.

1. Mesonotum with smooth nude areas 2

Mesonotum entirely scaled 6

2. Mesonotum with median stripe of golden scales ciliata Fabricius (p. 530)

Mesonotum without such stripe 3

3. Legs with prominent outstanding scales 4

Legs without prominent outstanding scales 5

4. Tips of the hind femora white; leg-scales fine and dense, dark violet

swva Dyar & Knab (p. 536)
• Tips of hind femora obscure grayish; leg-scales coarsely squamose, iridescent

cilipes Fabricius (p. 538)

528

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

5. Abdomen with green metallic reflection virescens Dyar & Knab (p. 541)

Abdomen with blue metallic reflection howardii Coquillett (p. 544)

6. Claws of the female toothed 7

Claws of the female simple 16

7. Hind legs with raised scales (as long or longer than the setas) 8

Hind legs without such raised scales 13

8. Thorax without median dark stripe 9

Thorax dark scaled centrally 11

9. Abdomen with the segments below banded with blue-black at the base 10

Abdomen with the segments below wholly yellow scaled except at tip

sayi Dyar & Knab (p. 554)

10. Last two joints and tip of the third of hind tarsi white

posticatus Wiedemann (p. 548)
Last two joints only of hind tarsi white variety echinata Grabham (p. 552)

11. Last two joints of hind tarsi white 12

Last joint only of hind tarsi white terminalis Coquillett (p. 552)

12. Scutellum dark scaled, no pale scales around antescutellar space

lutzii Theobald (p. 557)
Scutellum yellow scaled, a short yellow line beside the antescutellar space

champerico Dyar & Knab (p. 563)
Scutellum white-scaled, antescutellar space with a broad patch of whitish

scales on each side horridus Dyar & Knab (p. 561)

13. Penultimate joint of hind tarsi white, the last black 14

Last two joints of hind tarsi white; the mesonotum with black and golden

scales mixed pazosi Pazos (p. 565)

Last joint of the hind tarsi white mexicanus Bellardi (p. 564)

Hind feet without white cyanescens Coquillett (p. 567)

14. Thorax dark-scaled in the middle discrucians Walker (p. 569)

Thorax all yellow-scaled 15

15. Tips of mid and hind femora dusky cofflni Dyar & Knab (p. 574)

Tips of mid and hind femora white johnstonii Grabham (p. 572)

16. First hind tarsal joint with a broader middle pale ring 17

First hind tarsal joint with a narrower middle white ring 18

First hind tarsal joint without a middle white ring 22

17. Wings with the costa pale and two distinct black spots beyond the middle

signipennis Coquillett (p. 575)
Wings not so marked discolor Coquillett (p. 578)

18. Mesonotal vestiture predominatingly golden brown 19

Mesonotal vestiture tinged with violet blue 20

19. White ring of first hind tarsal joint less than one-third of the joint

jamaicensis Theobald (p. 581)
This white ring one third or over texanum Dyar & Knab (p. 585)

20. Pale abdominal bands powdery, interrupted medianly and irregular; darkly

colored; the third vein with scale tufts throughout

floridense Dyar & Knab (p. 586)
Pale abdominal bands extensive, broken only on the distal segments; less

darkly colored; third vein with scale tufts mostly at base 21

21. Abdomen extensively pale scaled, bands indistinct; third vein with broad

scales in a basal dot; scutellum without silvery luster

columbiw Dyar & Knab (p. 590)
Abdomen less strongly pale-scaled posteriorly; third vein with broad scales
extending well outward ; scales on scutellum with a silvery luster

toltecum Dyar & Knab (p. 588)

22. Wings with dark scales only 23

Wings with whitish and dark scales 24

23. Thorax dark reddish-brown with two white spots on the disk

infine Dyar & Knab (p. 594)
Thorax dull brown with yellowish and white scales in diffuse patches

cingulatus Fabricius (p. 597)

24. Thorax dull golden scaled with brown spots and silvery mottling

pygmaea Theobald (p. 600)
Thorax dull silvery scaled with faint median golden stripe 25

25. Legs black, white speckled haruspicus Dyar & Knab (p. 603)

Legs pale, the yellowish scales predominating. . insularius Dyar & Knab (p. 605)

MALE GENITALIA.

1. Clasp-filament mesially inflated 6

Clasp-filament branched, distorted or simple, not mesially inflated 2

TABLES OF PSOROPHORA

529

2. Harpago with slightly expanded tip bearing a row of setae 3

Harpago with large circular capitate tip, covered with setae 5

3. Tip of harpago widened; clasp filament widened outwardly, smooth

swva Dyar & Knab (p. 537)
Tip of harpago widened; clasp filament slender, bent at tip, with a row of

setae within 4

4. Tip of harpe simply sharply pointed cilipes Fabricius (p. 540)

Tip of harpe notched, the point arising from apex ciliata Fabricius (p. 533)

5. Inner lobe of the clasp filament slender, the tip bent at right angles

virescens Dyar & Knab (p. 543)
Inner lobe of clasp filament stouter, the apical part bent over

howardii Coquillett (p. 546)
fposticatus Wiedemann (p. 551)

6. Outer filament of harpago expanded and curled \ rfya^l Knab'fp^ 562)

Ipazosi Pazos (p. 5C6)

Outer filament expanded but not curled discolor Coquillett (p. 579)

Outer filament not enlarged, similar to the others 7

' jamaicensis Theobald (p. 584)
toltecum Dyar & Knab (p. 589)
columbiw Dyar & Knab (p. 592)
floridense Dyar & Knab (p. 587)
cingulatus Fabricius (p. 598)
inline Dyar & Knab (p. 596)

7. Filaments of the harpago long -

Filaments of the harpago short

fharuspicus Dyar & Knab (p. 605)

8. Clasp filament expanded, smooth J PVffmaea Theobald (p. 602)

insularius Dyar & Knab (p. 606)
Vsignipennis Coquillett (p. 577)
Clasp filament expanded, roughened and spiny on the margin

cyanescens Coquillett (p. 568)

The following species are omitted, as we possess no males: terminalis Coq.,
mexicanus Bell., coffini D. & K., luizii Theob., discrucians Walk., texanum D.
& K., champerico D. & K., johnstonii Grabh.

LARV/K

1. Mouth brushes well separated, prehensile 14

Mouth brushes normal 2

2. Antennas long and prominent, longer than the head 3

Antennas moderate or short, shorter than the head 8

3. Antennae strongly inflated and distorted discolor Coquillett (p. 580)

Antennae not so 4

4. Anal segment longer than wide 5

Anal segment shorter than wide 7

5. Comb of the eighth segment of six or seven subequal spines 6

Comb of five spines, the upper and lower small. . . . discrucians Walker (p. 571)

6. Antennas stouter, more heavily spined posticatus Wiedemann (p. 551)

Antennas less stout, less heavily spined sayi Dyar & Knab (p. 556)

7. Pecten teeth of the tube with 4 long sharp spines. . inline Dyar & Knab (p. 596)
Pecten teeth of the tube with two rounded branches

cingulatus Fabricius (p. 599)

8. Air-tube fusiform, inflated; anal gills normal 9

Air-tube barrel-shaped; teeth of comb separate; anal gills bud-shaped 13

9. Air-tube with two long hairs at the tip cyanescens Coquillett (p. 568)

Air-tube without such hairs 10

10. Antennas black on the outer half; tube with four or five pecten teeth

scattered along basal half 11

Antennas all pale; the four spines of the tube restricted to the basal third

of the tube signipennis Coquillett (p. 577)

11. Air-tube pecten of two to four teeth 12

f Columbia; Dyar & Knab (p. 592)

Air-tube pecten of four to five teeth J floridense Dyar & Knab (p. 588)

I toltecum Dyar & Knab (p. 590)

12. Antennas nearly as long as head; dorsal head-hairs multiple

jamaicensis Theobald (p. 584)
'Antennas half as long as the head; dorsal head-hairs single

pygmaea Theobald (p. 602)

530

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

13. Pecten teeth of tube with long secondary spine, insularius Dyar & Knab (p. 607)
Pecten teeth of tube less distinctly spined. . . . haruspicus Dyar & Knab (p. 605)

14. Air-tube pecten running far beyond the middle, the tuft subapical

cilipes Fabricius (p. 540)
Air-tube pecten not or scarcely exceeding the middle, the tuft well within the

outer third 15

15. Air-tube long, over 5 X 1 at base sceva Dyar & Knab (p. 537)

Air-tube shorter, four times as long as wide or less 16

16. Hairs of the air tube pecten long, six times as long as the body of the scale

ciliata Fabricius (p. 533)
Hairs of the air-tube pecten shorter, three times as long as the body of the

scale 17

17. Small scales of the comb chiefly narrow, longer than wide

virescens Dyar & Knab (p. 543)
Small scales of the comb chiefly broad, wider than long

howardii Coquillett (p. 546)

The following species are omitted, as the larvae are unknown : terminalis
Coq., lutzii Theob., horridus D. & K., champerico D. & K., mexicanus Bell.,
pazosi Paz., johnstonii Grabh., coffini D. & K., texanum D. & K.

Subgenus PSOROPHORA Robineau-Desvoidy.
PSOROPHORA CILIATA (Fabricius) Robineau-Desvoidy.
Culex ciliata Fabricius, Ent. Syst, iv, 401, 1794.

Culex ciliata Coquebert de Montbret, 111. Iconogr. Ins., 121, pi. 27, f. 7, 1804.
Culex ciliatus Fabricius, Syst. Antl., 35, 1805.
Culex molestus Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot., 7, 1821.
Culex ciliatus Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot., 36, 1821.

Culex tibialis Robineau-Desvoidy, Mem. Soc. Hist. nat. Paris, iii, 404, 1827.
Culex rubidus Robineau-Desvoidy, Mem. Soc. Hist. nat. Paris, iii, 404, 1827.
Psorophora ciliata Robineau-Desvoidy, Mem. Soc. Hist. nat. Paris, iii, 413, 1827.
Psorophora boscii Robineau-Desvoidy, Mem. Soc. Hist. nat. Paris, iii, 413, 1827.
Psorophora molesta Robineau-Desvoidy, Mem. Soc. Hist. nat. Paris, iii, 413, 1827.
Culex ciliatus Wiedemann, Ausser. zweifl. Ins., i, 3, 1828.
Culex ciliatus Macquart, Hist. Nat. des. Ins., Dipt., i, 36, 1834.
Psorophora ciliata Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., Dipt., i, 2, 1848.
Culex ciliatus Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., Dipt., i, 2, 1848.
Culex ciliatus Macquart, Mem. Soc. Sci. d'Agric. Lille, 1850, 315, 1850.
Culex ciliatus Macquart, Dipt. Exot, 4 suppl., 315, 1850.
Culex conterrens Walker, Ins. Saund., Dipt., 427, 1856.
Culex perterrens Walker, Ins. Saund., Dipt., 431, 1856.
Culex ciliatus Osten Sacken, Cat. N. Am. Dipt., 2 ed., 18, 218, 1878.
Psorophora ciliata Lynch Arribalzaga, Rev. del Mus. de la Plata, ii, 140, 1891.
Psorophora ciliata Howard, Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. 4, n. s., 23, 1896.
Psorophora ciliatus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Circular 40, 2 Ser., 7, 1900.
Psorophora ciliatus Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., n. s., Bull. 25, 22, 1900.
Psorophora ciliata Howard, Can. Ent., xxxii, 353, 1900.
Psorophora ciliata Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 179, 1900.
Psorophora boscii Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 181, 1900.
Culex tibialis Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 262, 1900.
Culex conterrens Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 284, 1900.
Culex rubidus Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 309, 1900.
Psorophora ciliata Theobald, Mon. Culic., i, 261, 1901.
Psorophora ciliata Howard, Mosquitoes, 144, 1901.
Psorophora ciliata Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 51, 1902.
Psorophora ciliata Dupree & Morgan, Science, n. s., xvi, 1037, 1902.
Psorophora ciliata Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 345, 1902.
Psorophora ciliata Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 130, 1903.
Psorophora ciliata Harris, Ent. News, xiv, 232, 1903.
Psorophora ciliata Johannsen, Bull. 68, N. Y. State Mus., 411, 1903.
Psorophora ciliata Morgan & Dupree, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. 40, n. s., 91,
1903.

Psorophora ciliata Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Stat., Bull. 171, 34, 1904.
Psorophora ciliata Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 272, 1904.

PSOROPHOBA CILIATA

531

Psorophora ciliata Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xii, 244, 1904.

Psorophora ciliata Lutz iu Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 71, 1904.

Psorophora ciliata Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiii, 23, 1905.

Psorophora ciliata Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 239, 1905.

Psorophora centaurus Theobald, Gen. Ins., Culic., 16, 1905.

Psorophora ciliata Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 173, 1905.

Psorophora ciliata Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 448, 471, 1905

Psorophora ciliata Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 14, 1906.

Psorophora ciliata Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xiv, 179, 180, 1906.

Psorophora ciliata Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Circular 72, 1, 1906.

Psorophora ciliata Quayle, Univ. Cal. Agr. Exp. Stat., Bull. 178, 52, 1906.

Psorophora ciliata Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 159, 1907.

Psorophora ciliata Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxii, 122, 1907.

Psorophora ciliata Autran, Anal. Dep. Nac. Hig., xiv, 16, 1907.

Psorophora ciliata Peryassu, Os Culic. do Brazil, 43, 156, 1908.

Psorophora ciliata Viereck, 1st Ann. Rept. Comm. Health Pa., 471, 1908.

Psorophora ciliata Thibault, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xii, 21, 1910.

Psorophora ciliata Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 124, 1910.

Psorophora ciliata Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 716, 1910.

Original Description of Culex ciliata :

C. niger thoracis linea dorsali pedibusque flavis, tibiis ciliatis.
Habitat in Carolina Mus. Dom. Bosc.

Paullo praecedente [haviorrhoidalis] minor. Antennae flliformes, verticillatae,
cinerascentes. Rostrum flavescens, apice nigrum. Caput nigrum atomis niveis.
Thorax gibbus ater linea dorsali laete flava. Abdomen cylindricum, nigrum, im-
maculatum. Alae obscurae margine tenuiori valde ciliato. Pedes testacei tibiis
omnibus tarsisque posticis valde ciliatis.

Original Description of Culex molestus:

Fuscus, thorace flavo-alboque-vittato; pedibus flavis nigro-alboque-fasciatis.
Longit. lin. 4. J. Georgia Amer.

Antennae fuscae. Proboscis et palpi ferrugineo-flavicantia apice nigro-fusca;
caput niveo-tomentosum. Thorax fuscus, vitta media laete ferruginea, lateralibus-
que niveis; pleurae fuscae tomento niveo. Abdomen fuscum, vitta ferrugineo-flavi-
cante. Pedes ferruginec-flavicantes, femorum apex fusco-niger; tibiae ima basi nivei,
ceterum vellere fusco-nigro munitae. Tarsorum singuli articuli basi nivei, ceterum
vellere fusco-nigro tecti. Mus. nostrum.

Original Description of Culex tibialis:

Niger, tomento cinereo-fusco. Antennse flavo-bruneae. Femora lutea, apice nigro
ciligero; tibiis nigris, ciliis validis; tarsorum articulo primo flavo ciligero.
Long. 4-6 lineas.

£ Antennae flavo-brunea? ; palpi proboscisque fusci. Corpus nigrum, tomento
cinereo-fusco. Femora mellea, apice nigro ciligeroque. Tibia? atrae valideque cili-
gerse. Tarsorum articulus primus melleus apice nigro et ciligero; reliquis articulis
similibus. Ala? leviter subfuliginosse, nervis brunicoso-villosis.

Habitat in Brasilia .... (Musa?um Dejeanianum.)

Original Description of Culex rubidus:

Antennae brunicosae. Thorax rubidus. Abdomen, maculis trigonis flavescentibus.
Pedes flavi: tarsi posteriores atro-ciligeri.
Long. 4% lineas. $

Proboscis flavescens, apice bruneo. Antennae brunicosae. Palpi bruneo-flaves-
centes. Thorax rubidus, dorso nigro vittato. Abdomen brunicans, maculis trigonis
lateribus flavescentibus. Tarsi posteriores atro-ciligeri. Alae brunicoso-flavescentes,
nervis villosis.

Habitat in Carolina . . . (Musaeum D. Serville.)

Original Description of Psorophora boscii:

Flavo-pallida: pedes flavo-subf usci ; alae, nervis villosis.
Long. 2% lineas.

Omnes characteres Ps. ciliata'. Tota pallide flava. Thorax, dorso fulvescenti.
Abdomen dorso vix subfuscum. Pedes flavo-subfusci. Alae, nervis villosis.
Habitat in Carolina. (Musaeum D. Bosc)
Molesta, infesta, ab indigenis Mosquite et Moustique vocata.

532

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Original Description of Culex conterrens:

Foem. Fusca; proboscis et palpi fulva, apice nigra; antennae nigrae, basi fulvae;
thorax vitta dorsali testacea; pectus testaceum; pedes fulvi, robusti, femoribus
tibiisque apice nigricantibus, tarsis nigricantibus albido fasciatis; alae subcinereae
apud costam fuscescentes.

Brown. Proboscis and palpi tawny, with black tips. Proboscis stout, straight,
pubescent, as long as the head and the thorax. Antennae black, tawny at the base.
Thorax with a testaceous dorsal stripe. Pectus testaceous. Abdomen wanting. Legs
tawny, pubescent, very stout; tips of the femora and of the tibiae blackish; tarsi
blackish, with whitish bands. Wings grayish, brownish towards the costa; veins
brown. Length of the body 4 ? lines; of the wings 6 lines.

United States.

Original Description of Culex perterrens :

Foem. Fusca, sat valida; proboscis testacea, apice fusca; pectus tesaceum; abdo-
men purpurascens, fasciis ventreque testaceis; pedes testacei, validi, pubescentes,
femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque fuscis; alae cinereae, venis nigricantibus sub-
ciliatis ; halteres testacei.

Brown, rather stout. Proboscis testaceous, long, brown towards the tip. Antennae
brown, very little shorter than the proboscis. Pectus testaceous. Abdomen pur-
plish, with a testaceous band on the fore border of each segment; under side tes-
taceous. Legs testaceous, stout, pubescent; femora and tibiae brown towards the
tips; tarsi brown. Wings gray; veins blackish, slightly ciliated. Halteres tes-
taceous. Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

South America.

Description of Female, Male, Larva, Pupa, and Egg of Psobophora ciliata :

Female. — Proboscis moderate, uniform, not tapered outwardly, the labella?
elongate, rounded triangular; pale brown, clothed with suberect, moderate, flat
scales mostly blackish with a slight iridescent reflection, not concealing brown
membrane ; seta? rather numerous, black, short, not much longer than the scales.
Palpi one-third as long as proboscis, rather densely clothed with suberect black
scales and black setae longer than those on proboscis. Antenna? slender; tori
subspherical, yellowish brown, with a few hairs and scales within, succeeding,
segments subequal, blackish, pilose, the second joint yellowish at base and bear-
ing a few black scales ; hairs of whorls sparse, black, not long. Clypeus promi-
nent, roundedly subtruncate, nearly twice as long as wide, nude, shining, pale
brown. Eyes black, contiguous at vertex. Occiput broad, well exposed, brown,
rather sparsely covered with broad, curved white scales, leaving a narrow bare
space along median suture, some black ones intermixed at the sides ; a group of
yellow seta? on vertex ; numerous rather short dark-brown bristles, densest along
margins of eyes but also distributed over entire surface.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, small but prominent, remote, brown, rather
densely covered with moderate black bristles. Mesonotum high and prominent
before, smoothly arcuate, dark brown ; a median dorsal stripe of dense, golden-
yellow, narrow, curved scales, even, sharply limited, and extending over the
ante-scutellar space nearly to scutellum, intermixed with short black bristles;
on each side of this a bare stripe, each of about equal width to median stripe;
bordering the bare stripes outwardly a narrow line of golden-yellow scales, again
bordered outwardly by a narrow line of dense, black, narrow, curved scales
mixed with black bristles ; outwardly from these stripes a broad, irregular area
of broad white scales extending to root of wing; ante-scutellar space white
scaled and invaded by the median golden stripe ; a broad bare stripe on each
side of ante-scutellar space; humeri bare; sides of disk with short black bristles
and towards roots of wings with pale-brown bristles. Scutellum trilobate, with
some narrow, curved white scales, golden ones medianly, each lobe with numer-
ous brown and yellowish bristles. Postnotum roundedly prominent, nude,
brown, with a triangular blackish basal area. Pleura? sparsely clothed with flat
white scales; coxa? shining brown with black scales and short dark bristles.

PSOROPHORA CILIATA

533

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, strongly tapering posteriorly; rather
densely clothed with broad, flat, thin scales, seraitransparent, with an iridescent
pearly luster, mostly whitish on the disk and along posterior borders of seg-
ments, blackish at the sides, the colors not distinctly separated ; many short
brownish bristles, most prominent at posterior margins of segments; sixth
and seventh segments mostly white scaled ; venter coarsely white scaled, each
segment with an ill-defined median basal spot of black scales.

Wings large, rather broad, membrane smoky brownish, especially towards
costa, veins brownish ; petiole of second marginal coll shorter than its cell, of
the second posterior cell slightly longer ; basal cross-vein distant about half its
own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales black, very narrowly lanceolate, and
ligulate, the outstanding ones longer and narrower. Halteres with pale stems
and brown knobs.

Legs rather long and stout, appearing especially large owing to the numerous
erect scales ; femora yellowish, clothed for the most part with small, flat, blackish
and yellowish iridescent scales, near tips with a broad band of dense, long and
erect black scales ; tibiae brown, clothed with appressed, yellowish iridescent
scales at base and beyond with dense, long, erect black scales, which have a slight
iridescent luster, densest distally, forming broad black rings ; fore and mid tarsi
with first joint whitish scaled except at terminal third where it is black, second
joint white at basal third, the other joints black, their scales not erect; hind
tarsi with all the joints broadly white-ringed at the base, remaining portion
clothed with dense black scales, erect on first and second joints. Claw formula,
1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 9 mm. ; wing 7.5 mm.

Male.— Proboscis straight, clothed with black scales on basal three-fifths,
outer portion with yellowish-white scales, labellae blackish. Palpi long, thick-
ened outwardly, exceeding the proboscis by the length of the last two joints;
long joint with a pale anchylosed articulation before the middle, last joint
thickened, inflated; vestiture of black scales; outer portion of long joint and
the last two joints densely clothed with long black hairs. Antennas plumose,
the joints short, except the last two ; hairs of whorls very long and dense,
blackish brown. Coloration similar to the female. Abdomen long, strongly de-
pressed, parallel-sided, with abundant blackish lateral ciliation; a dorsal,
median, integumentary yellow line. Wings narrower than in the female, the
stems of the fork-cells longer ; wing scales less abundant. Claw formula,
2.1-2.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 10 mm. ; wing 7.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 20, fig. 143) : Side-pieces rather slender, twice as long as
wide, without lobes, uniformly setose; clasp-filament uniformly thickened,
arcuate, concavity outward, ending in a sharp angle at outer fourth, a row of
short setae within, a moderate terminal articulated spine. Harpes flattened,
twisted, tip widely cleft, smooth ; harpagones elongate, columnar, capitate, bear-
ing a dense tuft of setae and before the tip a single laminate appendage with a
tapered recurved apex; unci moderately approximate, narrowly elliptical, with
a recurved subapical inner angle ; basal lobes rudimentary, transverse, bearing
a few stout setae.

Larva, Stage IV (see figure of the entire larva, plate 57). — Head quadrate,
longer than wide, posterior angles rounded, eyes on an irregular prominence,
antenna? inserted laterally on an angled prominence, front margin shallowly
omarginate. Antennas cylindrical, nearly uniform, sparsely spined all over, a
single hair at outer fourth ; four articulated terminal processes and a long spine,
twiee as long as processes. Eyes large, divided, the larger anterior half pointed.
Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single, approximate; ante-antennal tuft triple.
Mouth-brushes inserted on outer angles of head, folded downward and back-

534

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

wards. Mental plate broad and short, with a central tooth and eight on each
side, all large and nearly equal. Mandible quadrangular, convex without,
smooth, a single appendage near tip; an outer row of few coarse filamentous
seta? ; dentition of eight teeth, first and fifth long, especially the first, which is
projecting and sharp, the others diminishing successively ; four oblique, tooth-
like projections below ; a small projection at angle ; a row of small setae near
base. Maxilla rounded rectangular, attachment oblique, the short palpus sessile
on outer angle; various short spines and seta) on inner aspect. Palpus hardly
longer than broad, with four rudimentary digits. Thorax rounded, about as
long as wide, anterior margin strongly convex ; lateral single hairs long, tufts
short. Abdomen stout, the segments transverse, anterior ones strongly project-
ing laterally ; long lateral hairs double to fifth segment, single on sixth ; second-
ary hairs in small tufts. Tracheal tubes broad, band-shaped, nearly even. Air-
tube stout, conically tapered on outer half, tip very slightly widened, four times
as long as wide ; pecten reaching to middle of tube, long ; the single tooth a quad-
rangular scale with excavate base and roundedly furcate apex, one branch pro-
duced into a long hair; a single hair beyond middle of tube, beyond pecten.
Lateral comb of eighth segment a long curved row of scales preceded by a large
area of minute scales; single scale with a long thick terminal spine three
times as long as the scale, with a rounded process on one side and three on
the other. Anal segment longer than wide, ringed by the plate ; dorsal tuft a long
hair and brush on each side ; a small lateral tuft ; ventral brush a series of short
tufts running the whole length of ventral line. Anal gills very long, three times
as long as the segment, regularly tapered to a sharp tip ; a wavy central trachea.

Pupa (plate 149, fig. 704). — Thoracic mass roundedly subpyriform; air-
tubes moderate, broadly funnel-shaped ; abdomen very stout, central segments
with long terminal hairs ; a small tuft at apical angles of eighth segment ; anal
paddles large, broadly rounded, with minute terminal seta.

Egg (plate 146, fig. 670). — Broadly fusiform, covered with regular hexag-
onal reticulations, each with a stout recumbent spine attached to the end
towards the micropyle, half as long as the reticulation; a square gelatinous
cushion at the micropyle.

The larva? are predaceous upon other mosquito larva?, especially Psorophora
Columbia and Aedes sylvestris. They take no other food. The eggs are laid
singly on the ground, probably in the dry hollows where water usually collects
after rains. Apparently they do not hatch until the following season. They have
a spinose covering, exactly like that of the eggs of the P. Columbia on which they
usually feed. This probably preserves them from desiccation while the puddles
are dry. Immediately after a heavy shower, when the puddles are filled, the P.
ciliata eggs and those of their prey both hatch. The P. Columbia grow with
surprising rapidity, and the P. ciliata, being initially larger, proceed to feed
upon them and grow with equal rapidity. It is essential that the development
should proceed as rapidly as possible, as these transient puddles often dry up
in a few days. Dupree and Morgan have determined that adults develop in less
than five days. Indeed, the puddles often dry so soon as to preclude the develop-
ment of any adults of either the P. ciliata or their prey. A second rain, follow-
ing the first within a week, is usually essential to secure a successful brood. The
eggs do not all hatch at one time, but some of them hatch after every consider-
able rain. Provided there are enough of the prey, the P. ciliata pupate and
issue as adults promptly ; if by any chance their prey become entirely consumed,
the P. ciliata linger in the puddle until it dries or they perish of starvation.
Mr. Knab has observed that the larva? are fond of hiding beneath grass or other
floating vegetation. The winter is passed in the egg state. The females are
rather severe biters and, owing to their large size, can puncture the skin of a
man through a considerable thickness of clothing. We have no observations on

PSOROPHORA CILIATA

535

the mating habits. It is probable that they do not swarm. The adult appears
to be diurnal in habits. Males have occasionally been taken at light by night.
Females have been observed sucking vegetable juices.

Eastern and central United States to Central America ; eastern South
America, from southern Brazil to the Argentine.

Plattsburg, New York (G. H. Hudson) ; Ithaca, New York, September 7,
1903 (0. A. Johannsen) ; Sheepshead Bay, New York, May, 1903 ; Lyons, New
York, July, 1902 (W. F. Hubbard) ; Springfield, Massachusetts, September 20,
1903 (F. Knab) ; West Springfield, Massachusetts, August 2, 1903 (H. J. Mc-
Gyll) ; Chicopee, Massachusetts, June 6, 1897 (F. Knab) ; Cambridge, Massa-
chusetts, August 18, 1885 (G. Dimmock) ; Suffield, Connecticut, August 24,
1874 (G. Dimmock) ; Dorchester, Massachusetts (P. S. Sprague) ; Agawam,
Massachusetts (G. Dimmock) ; Larchmont, New York (W. Stump) ; Winona
Lake, Indiana (E. B. Williamson) ; Lake Maxinkuckee, Indiana (W. B. Ever-
mann) ; Delair, New Jersey, September 27, 1900 (W. P. Seal) ; Toms River,
New Jersey, August 6 ; Sea Girt, New Jersey, August 3, 1903 ; St. Elmo,
Virginia (F. C. Pratt) ; Washington, District of Columbia, July 28, 1906 (H.
S. Barber) ; Lloyds, Maryland, July 10, 1907 (H. S. Barber) ; Piney Point,
Maryland, June 23, 1904 (T. Pergande) ; Baltimore, Maryland, July, 1899
(D. C. Clark) ; Plummer's Island, Maryland, July 26, 1905 (E. A. Schwarz,
H. S. Barber) ; Grassymead, Virginia, June 20, 1904 (H. G. Dyar) ; Wood-
stock, Virginia, June" 19, 1903 (F. C. Pratt) ; Del Bay, Virginia, July 5,

1903 (F. C. Pratt) ; Bothwell, Virginia, October 17, 1901 (E. G. William) ;
Richmond, Virginia (E. C. Levy) ; Kanawha Station, West Virginia, July 20,
1907 (A. D. Hopkins) ; Sullivan Island, North Carolina, August 31, 1903 (W.
H. Parker); McClellanville, South Carolina, October 12, 1906; Brunswick,
Georgia, July 17. 1909 (G. Coester) ; Augusta, Georgia (C. H. Cohen) ; Gras-
mere, Florida, May 27, 1901 (C. E. Brooker) ; Ormond, Tampa, Kissimmee
and Arcadia, Florida, April (Dyar and Caudell) ; Key West, Florida, August,

1901 (A. Busck) ; Belzona, Mississippi, August 4, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Clarks-
dale, Mississippi, July 31, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Natchez, Mississippi (Flem-
ing) ; Agricultural College, Mississippi, July 10, 1902 (G. W. Herrick) ; New
Orleans, Louisiana, July 30, 1900 (H. A. Veazie) ; Johnson's Bayou, Louisiana,
July 26, 1906 (J. D. Mitchell) ; Deckerville, Arkansas, October 5, 1900 (W. B.
Burns) ; Scott, Arkansas, July 14, 1908 (J. K. Thibault, Jr.) ; Austin, Texas,
August 7, 1903 (A. W. Morrill) ; Victoria, Texas (E. A. Schwarz) ; San Diego,
Texas (E. A. Schwarz) ; Rosser, Texas, July 6, 1905 (C. R. Jones) ; Galveston,
Texas, September 30, 1901 (J. T. Moore) ; Brownsville, Texas, May 26, 1904
(H. S. Barber) ; Wister, Indian Territory, July 5, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Man-
hattan, Kansas, August 24, 1906 (R. E. Eastman) ; St. Louis, Missouri, July,

1904 (A. Busck) ; Lincoln, Nebraska, August (L. Bruner) ; Fremont, Ne-
braska, July 28, 1900; Burlington, Iowa (P. Bartch) ; Agricultural College,
Michigan, September 8, 1896 (R. H. Pettit) ; Mitchell, South Dakota, October,

1902 (E. L. Fullmer) ; Los Angeles, California (D. W. Coquillett) * ; La Oaxa-
quena near Santa Lucrecia, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, September 18, 1911
(F. W. Urich) ; Almoloya, State of Oaxaca, Mexico, July 19, 1905 (F. Knab) ;
Tehuantepec, Mexico, July 3, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Pirauba, State of Minas Geraes,
Brazil, January 10, 1908 (Instituto Oswaldo Cruz).

• This record has been published by Dr. Dyar. It depends on a single specimen from the
Coriuillett collection in the U. S. National Museum. There are no other records of the species
from the west coast of America and we have reason to believe the record incorrect. We have
learned that Mr. Coquillett's collection contained material from Illinois and California and
that the specimens did not bear locality labels when presented to the Museum. They were
afterwirds labeled by an assistant and there is every reason to believe that an error was made
In labeling this specimen.

536

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

This species has been reported also from Honduras (Walker), State of Minas
Geraes, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo, Brazil (Peryassu), Argentina (Arribal-
zaga).

The adults from Brazil and southern Mexico differ slightly in the orna-
mentation of the thorax, and larva? from Mexico also differ slightly in the shape
of the pecten-teeth of the air-tube. It is probable that the southern specimens
represent a different race, or races, perhaps species ; but our material is scanty
and not of the best, so we refrain from a positive decision. It should be noted
that there is a considerable interval, between southern Brazil and Honduras, in
which the species apparently does not occur. If it should prove that the South
American form is a distinct species, it will bear the name Psorophora tibialis
Robineau-Desvoidy.

The synonymy is obvious, except in the case of Psorophora boscii Robineau-
Desvoidy. This is quoted on the authority of Theobald, but with considerable
misgiving. Robineau-Desvoidy indicated a general yellow coloration for his
species and much smaller size than Psorophora ciliata. His specimen most
likely was a badly denuded specimen of some species of Aedes. Psorophora
centauries is a manuscript name of Walker's, and although published as a
synonym, must be credited to Theobald who introduced it into the literature.
The larva? and pupa? of this species were first figured by Howard (1900).

PSOROPHORA S-ffiVA Dyar & Knab.

Psorophora cilipes Coquillett (in part, not Fabricius), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent,

Tech. Ser. 11, 14, 1906.
Psorophora swva Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 133, 1906.
Psorophora swva Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., lii, 62, 1908.
Psorophora cilipes Theobald (not Fabricius), Mon. Culic, v, 125, 1910.
Psorophora swva Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 605, 1910.

Original Description of Psorophora s^eva :

Black with blue reflection, the legs with dense, short, outstanding scales; tips of
posterior femora white. Whitish scales on sides of head and a line at least on
thorax, but this is denuded. Wings smoky blackish.

3 specimens, Trinidad, B. W. I. (F. W. Urich) ; Trinidad, June (A. Busck).

Type— Cat. No. 9964, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Psorophora s^eva:

Female. — Proboscis long, cylindrical, uniform, labella? small ; black, covered
with slightly raised black scales with violaceous luster. Palpi about two-fifths
as long as the proboscis, covered with blue-black scales and some long black
bristles. Antenna? slender; tori subspherical, dark brown, with a few small
seta? within ; second joint nearly twice as long as succeeding joints, which are
subequal, ciliate ; basal whorls of few blackish hairs. Clypeus elongate, promi-
nent, rounded before, nude, shining blackish brown. Eyes black. Occiput dark
brown, broad and exposed; vestiture of somewhat broad curved white scales,
most numerous along ocular margin and posteriorly, a rather narrow lighter
bare area along median suture ; numerous black bristles, rather longer next the
eyes but not more abundant.

Prothoracic lobes moderate, elliptical, prominent, remote, very dark brown
with many short black seta?. Mesonotum prominent in front, arcuate, very
dark brown, largely devoid of vestiture ; a narrow line of dense, narrow, curved
black scales in the middle and a similar line on each side of this straight,
parallel, extending to the ante-scutellar space, separated from each other by
broad, bare areas; at anterior termination of lateral lines begins a line of
narrow, curved white scales which bends outward at middle, terminating at roots
of wings ; a number of black bristles, most dense laterally and over the roots of
the wings ; a line of long hairs at sides of ante-scutellar space. Scutellum trilo-

PSOROPHORA SMVA

537

bate, middle lobe larger than the others, moderately prominent, with many
well-separated blackish bristles. Postnotum prominent, rounded, brownish
black, nude. Pleura blackish, with patches of white scales and a few black
bristles; coxae brown, each with a small patch of flat white scales at base.

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly, slightly flattened, very dark
brown; the segments with many rather short, black, lateral and apical hairs;
clothed dorsally with black scales with a brilliant violet-blue luster; first seg-
ment with a central patch of white scales and with many black sera; sides with
large, apical, segmentary subquadrate patches of fiat white scales, absent on the
last two segments; venter violet-black scaled, like dorsum.

Wings moderate, rather narrow, entirely smoky brownish, heaviest towards
costa, veins darker; petiole of second marginal cell not quite as long as its cell,
that of second posterior about equal to it; basal cross-vein about its own length
distant from anterior cross-vein ; scales narrow, black with a bright-blue luster,
especially along costa, those along veins in two series, short appressed ones and
long, narrowly lanceolate outstanding ones. Halteres with whitish stems and
black knobs.

Legs long, appearing thickened by numerous erect violet-black scales; basal
half of hind femora pale and clothed with flat, yellowish iridescent scales, out-
wardly with suberect blue-black scales; knees, broadly white scaled; tibiae and
tarsi clothed with dense violet-black erect scales, most prominent on hind legs.
Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 8 mm. ; wing 7 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, nearly uniform. Palpi very long, exceeding the
proboscis by the last two joints, these latter together exceeding the long joint "in
length ; long joint with a false articulation before middle, slightly thickened
apically ; last two joints somewhat thickened apically and bearing black hairs ;
vestiture of violet-black scales. Antennae densely plumose; second joint long
and bearing many erect scales, the succeeding segments short, brown at origin
of hair-whorls, then blackish, then pale. Coloration similar to the female.
Abdomen elongate, depressed, broadened to fifth and sixth segments, with
brown, moderately long and abundant lateral ciliation. Wings narrower than
in the female; petioles of second marginal and second posterior cells longer;
cross-veins more closely approximated. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 7.5 mm. ; wing 6 mm.

Genitalia (plate 20, fig. 145) : Side-pieces long, curved, three times as long
as wide, tips rounded, apex and inner margin densely hairy, somewhat lobed.
Clasp-filament short, stout, constricted near base, tip obliquely tapering, a small
terminal claw. Harpes elliptical, concave, inner margin revolute, tip thickened,
with small teeth projecting laterally. Harpagones with a long slender stem,
expanded at tip and bearing a row of coarse setas and a slender filament. Unci
forming a basal cylinder, margins revolute, inner edges dentate.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 114, fig. 386). — Head subquadrate, wider than long,
posterior angles rounded; eyes on an irregular prominence; antenna? inserted
laterally on an angled prominence, front margin shallowly emarginate. An-
tenna; cylindrical, nearly uniform, sparsely spined all over, but most promi-
nently along outer side, a single hair at outer fourth ; four articulated terminal
processes and a long spine. Eyes large, divided, the larger anterior part pointed.
Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single; ante-antennal hairs single. Mouth-
brushes inserted on outer angles of head, folded downward and backward, of
numerous coarse setae which are finely transversely pectinate. Mental plate
triangular, with a central tooth and about eight on each side, the penultimate
one longer. Mandible quadrangular, slightly convex without, a single append-
age near tip; an outer row of few coarse sera; dentition of two large teeth with
35

538

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

serrations on inner side. Maxilla rounded rectangular, the attachment oblique,
the short palpus sessile on the outer angle; a fringe of short spines on inner
aspect, those on projecting inner angle longest ; a small spine before tip. Palpus
hardly longer than broad, truncate at tip; with four rudimentary digits.
Thorax rounded, about as wide as long, the anterior margin strongly convex;
lateral single hairs long, tufts short. Abdomen stout, segments transverse,
anterior ones strongly projecting laterally; long lateral hairs double to fifth
segment, single on sixth ; secondary hairs in small tufts. Tracheal tubes broad,
band-shaped, nearly even. Air-tube long, nearly evenly tapered from near base,
over five times as long as wide ; pecten not reaching to middle of tube, of about
17 teeth, the single tooth a roundedly quadrangular scale with two to four apical
spines, one of which is prolonged into a hair, four times as long as the scale ;
a small hair-tuft beyond the middle of the tube, well beyond pecten. Lateral
comb of eighth segment a row of about 14 scales in a straight line on a chitinized
infuscated band, preceded by a large patch of little fan-shaped scales many
rows deep ; single scale with a trifid apex, the middle tooth lengthily produced.
Anal segment longer than wide, ringed by the plate; dorsal tuft a long hair
and brush on each side ; a small lateral tuft ; ventral brush a series of short tufts
running the whole length of ventral line. Anal gills very long, three times as
long as the segment, regularly tapered to a sharp tip.

Doubtless the life history and habits are similar to the other species of the
subgenus. The larvae occur in transient puddles after rains and prey upon
other mosquito larva?. Mr. Busck found them, together with those of Psoro-
phora cilipes, in a newly flooded meadow preying upon the larvae of Culex
corniger and of Psorophora posticata.

Southern Mexico to northern South America.

Trinidad, British West Indies (F. W. TJrich; A. Busck); Las Cascadas,
Canal Zone, Panama, May 15, June 18, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Tabernilla, Canal
Zone, Panama, August 30, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Pedro Miguel, Canal Zone,
Panama (A. H. Jennings) ; Santa Eosa, Vera Cruz, Mexico, August, 1906 (W.
Schaus).

Psorophora sceva greatly resembles Psorophora cilipes in general appearance
and may be easily confused with it. In sceva the outstanding scales of the legs
are rather narrow and dark violet, while in cilipes they are much broader, clavate
and spatulate, more irregularly disposed and strongly iridescent. Other differ-
ences are indicated in the descriptions. The scales on the mesonotum are very
dehiscent and captured specimens are usually entirely denuded; in such the
mesonotum presents a highly polished, nearly unbroken surface.

PSOROPHORA CILIPES (Fabricius) Dyar & Knab.

Culex cilipes Fabricius, Syst. Antliat., 34, 1805.
Babethes scintillans Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., Dipt., i, 1, 1848.
Sabethes scintillans Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 185, 1900.
Psorophora scintillans Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 265, 1901.
Psorophora scintillans Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 346, 1902.
Psorophora scintillans Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 130, 1903.
Psorophora scintillans Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 71, 1904.
Psorophora scintillans Blanchard, Les Moust, 241, 1905.
Psorophora cilipes Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 179, 1906.
Psorophora cilipes Coquillett (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 14,
1906.

Psorophora iracunda Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 133, 1906.
Psorophora scintillaus Aiken, Brit. Guiana Med. Annual, 1906, 65, 1907.
Psorophora scintillans Peryassti, Os Culic. do Brazil, 44, 159, 1908.
Psorophora iracunda Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., Iii, 62, 1908.
Psorophora scintillans Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, v, 124, 1910.
Psorophora iracunda Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 605, 1910.

PSOROPHORA CILIPES

539

Original Description of Culex cilipes:

cilipes. 3. C. fuscus abdomine pallido, palpis haustello longioribus hirtis.

Habitat in America meridionali Dom. Smidt. Mus. Dom. de Sehestedt.
Paullo major C. pipiente. Caput flavescens, antennis longitudine haustelli
utrinque valde pectinatis. Palpi quadriarticulati, hirti, haustello
longiores. Thorax gibbus, fuscus, immaculatus. Abdomen cylindri-
cum, pallidum. Pedes elongati.

Original Description of Sabethes scintillans:

Mas. Nigra, iridescens, argenteo micans, antennis subalbis, pedibus pilosis, alis
subfusris.

Body black, hairy, with iridescent and silvery reflections: feelers about half the
length of the body, dull white, adorned with whorls of long dark reddish-brown
hairs, and clothed towards their tips with short down: palpi nearly as long as the
body, brown: the two last joints black and hairy: a large silvery spot on each side
of the chest: mouth as long as the feelers: legs very thickly clothed with hairs, ex-
cepting the fore-legs and the shanks and feet of the middle legs, where the hairs are
short and more thin: wings slightly tinged with brown, fringed; veins brown;
polsers dull red, with black tips. Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

a. Para. Presented by Mrs. J. P. G. Smith.

Original Description of Psoropiiora iracunda:

Black with metallic blue luster, the legs with abundant outstanding scales, long
and squammose. Posterior femora slightly grayish at tip. Wings smoky clouded.

5 specimens, Puntarenas, Costa Rica (F. Knab).

Type— Cat. No. 9965, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Psoropiiora cilipes:

Female. — Proboscis subcylindrical, moderate, uniform, the labellae conieally
tapered; vestiture of black scales with metallic blue and iridescent luster,
roughened ventrally especially towards the base. Palpi over two-fifths as long
as the proboscis, clothed with black scales which have a dark-blue reflection in
certain lights and a few iridescent and metallic blue scales intermixed ; setae
rather numerous, a few of those towards base longer than those on proboscis.
Antenna' slender; tori subspherical, dark brown, with a few minute seta? within,
succeeding joints blackish, pilose ; hairs of whorls sparse, black. Clypeus promi-
nent, subglobose, truncate at base, excavate on either side of middle, tip rounded,
nude, shining blackish. Eyes black. Occiput broad and exposed, blackish,
sparsely covered with broad, white curved scales and numerous rather short
black bristles, which are somewhat more numerous at vertex but nearly evenly
distributed over occiput.

Prothoracic lobes moderate, blackish brown, with many black setae. Meso-
notum prominent in front, arcuate, shining, black; a narrow, median, longi-
tudinal line extending to ante-scutellar space densely clothed with small black
scales and small brown-tipped seta? ; on either side of this a broad convex bare
space showing the shining, nearly black integument, a narrow straight line
of small black scales defining outer edge of bare stripes; lateral area, except on
front angles, entirely covered, although sparsely, with broad, curved pearly-
white scales ; ante-scutellar space surrounded by white scales ; a broad bare stripe
on each side of ante-scutellar space; laterally a number of brown-tipped setae
which become very numerous at roots of wings. Scutellum trilobate, blackish,
with white scales, each lobe with a large group of black hairs, middle lobe with
about thirty. Postnotum elliptical, convex, prominent, nude, dark brown.
Pleurae and coxa; blackish brown, with numerous short bristles and covered
rather densely with flat white scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, somewhat flattened, last segments tapering; clothed
dorsajly with black scales with bright metallic-blue luster; rather numerous
bristles apically and laterally; a series of large lateral patches of white scales on
posterior edges of segments ; first segment with metallic blue scales and many

540

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

black seta? on the disk ; venter brownish black, setose, with scale vestiture similar
to dorsum but more scant.

Wings rather narrow, entirely smoky brown, darkest on the costa ; petiole of
second marginal cell nearly as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell
longer ; basal cross-vein distant less than its own length from anterior cross-vein ;
wing-scales blackish with a dark-blue metallic luster, the outstanding ones
long and narrowly lanceolate.

Legs long, appearing stout on account of the dense erect vestiture ; rather
uniformly clothed with broad, erect, blue-black scales with metallic violet and
brilliant iridescent luster, except the last three joints of tarsi which have the
scales but slightly raised, blue black ; tips of middle and hind femora with small
patch of grayish-white scales ; outstanding scales subtruncate, partly sessile and
partly with long slender stalk, giving a characteristic shaggy appearance. Claw
formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 7 mm. ; wing 6.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, slender, metallic-blue scaled. Palpi exceeding
the proboscis by the length of the last two joints; last two joints thickened,
together about three-fourths the length of the long joint; long joint with a
median false articulation; vestiture of black scales mixed with blue metallic
ones and very numerous long black setae at outer third of long joint and on the
two apical ones. Antenna? densely plumose; last two joints long and slender,
the others short, pale, black-ringed at origins of the hair-whorls ; second joint
short, with a number of long black scales. Coloration similar to the female.
Abdomen long, depressed, broadened to fifth and sixth segments, with abundant,
fine, black lateral ciliation ; dorsal scales with a bright blue luster. Wings nar-
rower than in the female, stalks of fork-cells longer, vestiture less abundant
Legs densely clothed with erect scales practically throughout. Claw formula,
2.1-2.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 9 mm. ; wing 6.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 20, fig. 144) : Side-pieces long, over twice as long as wide,
tips rounded. Clasp-filament long, nearly uniform, slightly curved, tip angu-
larly truncate; a stout terminal claw; a row of seta? along inner margin.
Harpes thickened, concave, inner margin thickened and revolute, tip with a
point directed outward. Harpagones with a long, slender stem, tip enlarged,
bearing many seta? and a large leaf-like appendage with curved pointed tip.
Unci forming a double basal cylinder, revolute, inner margins dentate.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 114, fig. 389). — Head subquadrate, wider than long,
posterior angles rounded; eyes prominent; antenna? inserted before middle of
side; front slightly emarginate. Antennas cylindrical, slightly tapered, with
coarse tooth-like spines on one side of basal two-thirds ; a spine-like hair at outer
third ; a long hair, three spines and a digit at tip. Eyes large, pointed. Inner
pair of dorsal head-hairs single, outer pair small tufts. Mouth-brushes inserted
on outer angles of head, folded downward and backward. Mental plate tri-
angular, with a central tooth and nine on each side, the last one prominent.
Mandible quadrangular, tapering and pointed at base ; a patch of small spinules
on outer aspect ; a filament before tip ; an outer row of short filamentous cilia ;
outer margin with small notches; dentition of two sets of teeth strongly pro-
jecting, the first a long tooth, concave below, its lower side with three sharp
incisions ; second tooth similar but smaller, lower side with five incisions ; a flat
irregular dentition below; basal angle roundedly prominent, with four long
hairs within ; a row of long hairs at base. Maxilla irregularly conical, obliquely
produced inward, divided by a bent suture ; inner portion with a few spines and
a pair of short filaments ; a tuft of coarse spines at tip ; outer half with short
coarse spines along outer margin and at bend in suture; a pair of short clear

PSOROPHORA VIRESCENS

541

processes near tip. Palpus broadly attached, not more than half as long as
maxilla ; terminal digits minute. Thorax rounded, about as wide as long ; hairs
slight. Abdomen stout, segments transverse; lateral hairs multiple on first
two segments, triple on third, single on fourth to sixth. Tracheal tubes broad,
band-shaped. Air-tube stout, conically tapered outwardly, over three times as
long as wide; pecten reaching to outer fifth of tube, beginning basally before
chitinized part; single tooth a quadrangular scale with excavate base and trifid
apex, one branch produced into a long hair; a long hair-tuft almost at apex of
tube, well beyond pecten. Lateral comb of eighth segment, a long, curved row
of scales preceded by a large area of minute scales; single scale elliptical with
five stout apical spines, the central one twice as long as subapical one. Anal
segment longer than wide, ringed by the plate ; dorsal tuft a long hair and brush
on each side; a single lateral hair; ventral brush a series of tufts running the
whole length of ventral line, puncturing the chitinized ring. Anal gills very
long, longer than the segment, regularly tapered to a sharp tip.

Mr. Knab found the larvae in a large pond choked by vegetation in the forest
beyond the settlement. The pond contained numerous other mosquito larva1,
species of A'edes and Janthinosoma, on which the Psorophora cilipes were feed-
ing. This was the only place where this species occurred. Temporary pools in
the vicinity contained Psorophora virescens, but not this species. The living
larva is darker in color than that of P. virescens. Mr. Busck found the larvae in
numbers " in a newly flooded meadow covered with bushes and tall grass. They
were preying upon the larva? of Culex lactator [ = corniger Theob.] and Jan-
thinosoma posticata, which were very abundant in these temporary pools."

Tropical America ; Sao Paulo, Brazil, to Costa Rica.

Las Loras, near Puntarenas, Costa Rica, September, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Las
Cascadas, Canal Zone, Panama, May 15, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Tabernilla, Canal
Zone, Panama, August 24, 30, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Gatun, Canal Zone,
Panama (A. H. Jennings) ; Siparuni Creek, Essequibo River, British Guiana
(K. S. Wise) ; City of Para, Brazil (C. F. Baker). The species has been re-
ported also from Trinidad (Theobald) ; Sao Paulo, city of Rio de Janeiro, Juiz
de Fora in Minas Geraes, Brazil (Peryassu).

Psorophora cilipes is related to P. sceva; Mr. Coquillett included both under
the determination " Psorophora cilipes Fab." The adults of P. cilipes are easily
recognized by the iridescent, strongly outstanding, nearly erect scales of the
legs; these scales are broad, truncate and of different shapes and lengths, some
with long slender stalks, which gives the legs a characteristic shaggy appear-
ance. The larva? also differ to a marked degree. Our identification is based
on the comparison of specimens with the type of Fabricius, in the Zoological
Museum at Copenhagen, by Dr. Arthur Neiva.

PSOROPHORA VIRESCENS Dyar & Knab.

Psorophora scintlllans Parker, Beyer & Pothier (not Walker), Bull. 13, Yell. Fever
Inst, U. S. Publ. Health & Marlne-Hosp. Serv., 41, 1903.

Psorophora hoivardii Dyar & Knab (in part, not Coquillett), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soe.,
xlv, 180, 1906.

Psorophora virescens Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 133, 1906.
Psorophora hoivardii Coquillett (in part, not Coquillett), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent.,

Tech. Ser. 11, 14, 1906.
Psorophora virescens Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 605, 1910.

Original Description of Psorophora virescens:

Close to P. hoivardii Coquillett, but the abdomen above metallic green shining in-
stead of blue. The species is also somewhat smaller.

35 specimens, Almoloya, Acapulco, Tehuantepec, Salina Cruz, Mexico; Puntarenas,
Costa'Rica (F. Knab); Manzanillo, Mexico (A. Duges) ; Monterey, Mexico (J. Gold-
berger).

Type— Cat. No. 9966, U. S. Nat. Mus.

542

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Psoeophora virescens :

Female. — Proboscis slender, about as long as abdomen, uniform, labellse small
and tapered ; uniformly covered with black scales and numerous small bristles.
Palpi over one-third as long as the proboscis and similarly clothed; bristles,
especially toward base, longer. Antennae slender; shaft ciliate ; tori subspherical,
dark brown ; hairs of whorls sparse, short, black. Eyes bronzy black. Occiput
blackish brown, with a narrow bare line along median suture, rather densely
clothed with broad, white curved scales and with rather numerous short blackish-
brown bristles. Clypeus elongate, prominent, rounded, convex, tip subtruncate,
shining, brown, nude.

Prothoracic lobes prominent, moderate, remote, yellowish, with many short
black setae. Mesonotum fairly prominent before, arcuate, blackish brown
medianly, lighter brown at the sides ; a narrow, median longitudinal line, termi-
nating before ante-scutellar space, clothed principally with small black scales
and a double series of short pale-brownish bristles; on either side of this a
broad bare stripe showing the shining blackish integument ; bordering the bare
stripe outwardly a narrow line of dark scales and bristles similar to median
line and extending from anterior third of mesonotum to base ; anterior angles
devoid of scales; immediately within this bare area is a broad, anteriorly
pointed, band of broad white scales reaching to roots of wings; a large basal
median patch of white scales involving ante-scutellar area, a broad bare stripe
on each side of it ; hairs at sides of disk coarse, black. Scutellum trilobate, dark
brown, each lobe with numerous black setae and a few white scales behind, most
abundant on mid lobe. Postnotum elliptical, nude, blackish, slightly pruinose.
Pleurae blackish, yellowish in front, largely covered with elliptical, flat white
scales mixed with short pale setae. Coxa? yellowish, with a line of black setae,
each with a large patch of white scales at base, on the anterior pair followed by a
few black scales with blue luster.

Abdomen subeylindrical, flattened, posterior segments tapered; clothed dor-
sally with black scales which have a bright greenish-blue reflection ; the last two
segments paler with silvery and coppery iridescence ; a row of lateral segmentary
white stripes, joined into continuous lateral bands, widening somewhat at bases
and apices of the segments ; first segment clothed dorsally with white scales and
with many brown hairs ; venter clothed with pale brown and white scales inter-
mixed, a median basal spot of black scales on each segment.

Wings rather narrow, smoky, somewhat darker on costal half; petiole of
second marginal cell shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell about
equal to its cell ; basal cross-vein distant less than its own length from anterior
cross-vein ; scales of veins small, brownish black, the outstanding ones on the
veins long and narrow. Halteres with pale stems and blackish knobs.

Legs long, slender, nearly completely devoid of outstanding scales; femora
ochraceous, clothed with short appressed shining yellowish scales, a broad apical
ring of raised black scales with a violet-blue luster; tibiae clothed with black
scales with violet-blue luster, raised on distal portion, a line of bluish silvery
scales at base beneath ; no white knee-spots ; vestiture of the tarsi of appressed
scales, black with a faint blue luster, slightly raised on the hind tarsi and with
white spots at bases of first and second joints. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 7.5 mm. ; wing 6 mm.

Male. — Proboscis slender, uniform, straight, black. Palpi exceeding the pro-
boscis by a little more than the length of the last joint only ; last two joints about
equal, thickened ; long joint with a bare false articulation before the middle ;
vestiture black with a blue luster and numerous long setae at end of long joint
and on the two terminal ones. Antennae plumose ; last two joints long, setose, the
others short, whitish, with thick, black rings at origins of whorls; hairs of

PSOROPHORA VIRESCENS

543

whorls long, dense; second joint with many erect black scales. Coloration
similar to the female. Abdomen elongate, depressed, with black lateral cilia-
tion, the dorsal vestiture metallic blue throughout. Wings narrower than in the
female, less strongly infuscated, the stems of the fork-cells longer. Claw
formula, 2.1-2.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5.5 mm. ; wing 4.7 mm.

Genitalia (plate 20, fig. 141) : Side-pieces conical, about twice as long as
wide, without basal or apical lobes ; clasp-filament large, inflated, distorted,
bifurcate, inner fork projecting inwards at a right angle, thick, rounded, its
terminal third again bent inward at a right angle, outer fork parallel to inner,
more slender, shorter, not bent at tip, with a small inserted terminal spine.
Basal portion of clasp densely setose. Harpes erect, columnar, concave, tips bent
over sharply and terminating in several small teeth. Harpagones large, slender
at base, expanding outwardly, the tip widened into a large round circular head
densely covered with very numerous short seta). Unci approximate, tips conical,
separated, lateral margins revolute with an angular projection towards summit.
Basal lobes not developed.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 114, fig. 387). — Head subquadrate, wider than long,
posterior angles rounded; eyes on an irregular prominence; antennae inserted
laterally on an angled prominence ; front margin shallowly emarginate. An-
tennae cylindrical, nearly uniform, sparsely spined all over, a single hair at outer
fourth, articulated terminal processes and a long spine, three times as long as
processes. Eyes large, divided, the larger anterior part pointed. Upper pair of
dorsal head-hairs single, lower double; ante-antennal hair double. Mouth-
brushes inserted on outer angles of head, folded downward and backward.
Mental plate triangular, with a large central tooth and eight on each side, pen-
ultimate one large and projecting. Mandible quadrangular, convex without,
smooth, a single appendage near tip; an outer row of few coarse filamentous
setae ; dentition of two long teeth, the first very long and curved, bearing three
small but wide teeth on its inner aspect, the second shorter, with five small teeth
on its inner edge ; a group of three little teeth below ; a small projection at angle ;
a row of fine setae near base. Maxilla rectangular, palpus projecting well be-
yond outer angle, a row of short spines on outer margin. Palpus twice as long
as broad, tapering a little to a truncate tip, the terminal digits rudimentary.
Thorax rounded, about as wide as long, anterior margin strongly convex; lateral
single hairs long, tufts short. Abdomen stout, segments transverse, anterior
ones strongly projecting laterally; lateral hairs multiple on basal segments,
double on fifth, single on sixth ; secondary hairs in small tufts. Tracheal tubes
large, band-shaped, scarcely enlarged in thorax. Air-tube stout, conically ta-
pered from near base, tip less tapered, four times as long as wide; pecten reach-
ing to middle of tube, long ; single tooth a quadrangular scale with excavated
base and roundedly furcate apex, one branch produced into a long hair; a single
hair beyond middle of tube and beyond pecten. Lateral comb of eighth segment
a long curved row of scales preceded by an area of minute scales ; single scale
with three terminal spines, the middle one of which is lengthily produced ;
small teeth mostly narrow and elongate, terminated in a row of cilia. Anal
segment longer than wide, ringed by the plate; dorsal tuft a long hair and
brush on each side; a double lateral hair; ventral brush a series of short tufts
running the whole length of ventral line. Anal gills very long, twice as long
as the segment, regularly tapered to a sharp tip.

Mr. Knab found these larvae in a small ditch of muddy water with larvae of
Psorophora discolor, in puddles of muddy water in a dry stream-bed with
Psorophora tol tecum, in a large muddy puddle in the bed of a stream with
Culex larva?, in a ditch of nearly stagnant water in a town without other larvae

544

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

(fed with larvae of Aides calopus and Culex) and in pools and muddy hoof-
tracks at the head of a mangrove-lined inlet. It is obviously a temporary puddle
species with the general habits of the genus.
Mexico and Central America.

Almoloya, State of Oaxaea, Mexico, July 19, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Acapulco,
Mexico, July 28, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Tehuantepec, Mexico, July 3, 1905 (F.
Knab) ; Salina Cruz, Mexico, July 11, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Manzanillo, Mexico,
(A. Duges) ; Monterey, Mexico (J. Goldberger) ; Island of Maria Madre, Mex-
ico (A. Duges) ; Puntarenas, Costa Rica, September 8, 1905 (F. Knab).

Psorophora virescens is closely allied to P. howardii, and was so determined
by Mr. Coquillett. It is however, distinct. The characters, though small, are
constant in both adults and larvas.

PSOROPHORA HOWARDII Coquillett.

Psorophora howardii Coquillett, Cau. Ent., xxxiii, 258, 1901.
Psorophora howardii Dupree & Morgan, Science, n. s., xvi, 1037, 1902.
Psorophora howardii Morgan & Dupree, TJ. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. 40, n. s., 91,
1903.

Psorophora howardii Taylor, Revista de Med. Trop., iv, 148, 157, 166, 172, 1903.
Psorophora howardii Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 131, 1903.
Psorophora howardii Johannsen, Bull. 68, N. Y. State Mus., 410, 1903.
Psorophora howardii Pazos, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1904, 134, 1904.
Psorophora howardi Blanchard, Les Moust., 242, 1905.

Psorophora howardii Dyar & Knab (in part), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 180, 1906.
Psorophora howardii Coquillett (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11,
14, 1906.

Psorophora howardii Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circular 72. 1, 1906.

Psorophora howardii Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 162, 1907.

Psorophora howardii Pazos, San. y Benef., ii, 46, 187, 1909.

Psorophora howardii Thibault, Proc. Ent Soc. Wash., xii, 21, 1910.

Psorophora scintillans Theobald (in part, not Walker), Mon. Culic, v, 124, 1910.

Psorophora howardii Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 124, 1910.

Psorophora cilipes Theobald (not Fabricius), Mon. Culic, v, 124, 125, 1910.

Obioinal Description of Psoeophoea howaedii:

Male. — Head black, upper half of occiput covered with appressed white scales,
except a narrow median stripe, hairs black; first joint of antennae yellow, second joint
black, its extreme base yellow, the two terminal joints black, remainder of antennae
alternate black and whitish, the plumosity black changing to whitish at the tips;
mouth-parts black, base of third joint of palpi yellow, palpi covered with violet-
purple appressed scales, the last joint narrower than the preceding, tapering to the
apex, its hairs sparse and very short, the penultimate joint and apical fifth of the
preceding bearing many rather long hairs; body black, the humeri yellow, pleura
and sides of mesonotum bearing many appressed white scales, abdomen on upper
side covered with appressed violet-purple scales, those on the first segment and a few
at the hind angles of some of the other segments white; wings hyaline, first basal cell
much longer than the second, petiole of first submarginal cell subequal in length to
the cell; femora yellow, the apices black and on the under side fringed with rather
long, narrow, nearly erect scales, remainder of femora thinly covered with appressed
violaceous scales; front and middle tibiae yellow, their apices brown, thinly covered
with appressed violaceous scales, hind tibiae brown, the extreme bases yellow,
covered with appressed violet-purple scales Interspersed with many suberect brown
ones; tarsi brown, the first joint, except its apex, and the base of the second yellow;
claws of front and middle tarsi very unequal in size, the anterior claw of each pair
bearing two teeth, the other with a single tooth, claws of hind tarsi of an equal size,
each one-toothed; halteres yellow, becoming brown at the apex.

Female. — Differs from the male as follows: Antennae dark brown, the first joint
and base of the second yellow, the hairs dark brown, palpi dark brown, the basal
third yellow, bearing a few rather long hairs; hind tibiae yellow, the apices brown,
tarsal claws equal, each one-toothed.

Length, excluding the proboscis, 6 mm. Three males and one female, received
from Dr. W. C. Coker, of the Johns Hopkins University. Type No. 5793, U. S.
National Museum.

Habitat. — Hartsville, South Carolina.

PSOROPH ORA HOWARDII

545

This fine species is respectfully dedicated to Dr. L. O. Howard, whose investiga-
tions have so much increased our knowledge of the early stages and distribution of
the members of this important family.

Description of Female, Male, Larva, and Ego of Psorophora howardii :

Female. — Proboscis slender, uniform, labeilas small, tapered; clothed with
small blue-black scales and numerous small black curved setse. Palpi half as
long as proboscis, clothed with small blue-black scales, densely setose, some of
the basal ones long. Antennas slender ; joints subequal, second joint somewhat
longer, all pilose; tori subspherical, pale brown, a few small setse within; hairs
of whorls sparse, not long. Clypeus elongate, prominent, shortly rounded,
lateral basal angles prominent, nude, brown, blackish centrally. Eyes black.
Occiput broad and exposed, sordid blackish, vestiture of rather dense, broad,
curved white scales and numerous short brownish setse ; a rather broad bare stripe
along median suture.

Prothoracic lobes moderate, well separated, ocher yellow, with many short
brownish setae which form a dense cluster at apex. Mesonotum convex, promi-
nent in front, brown and black, shining; a median longitudinal line of small
blackish scales mixed with brownish-tipped bristles extending to ante-scutellar
space ; on each side of it a broad bare stripe ; bordering this outwardly another
row of scales and hairs similar to median one, interrupted anteriorly and extend-
ing close to base of mesonotum ; anterior angles broadly nude except for a few
small bristles ; above this nude area is a broad patch of broad white scales,
pointed anteriorly and extending obliquely backward to root of wing; white
scales about ante-scutellar space and across its middle ; a broad bare stripe on
each side of ante-scutellar space. Scutellum trilobate, with a few white scales,
more especially on mid lobe, each lobe bearing many black bristles. Postnotum
elliptical, nude, dark brown. Pleurae brown and shining black, rather densely
clothed with elliptical white scales; coxae yellowish, with many dark bristles, a
patch of small bluish scales on anterior pair.

Abdomen subcylindricnl, flattened, posterior segments tapered; dorsally
clothed with dark scales which have a bright violet-blue luster without any green
tint, except on last two segments, which are greenish and coppery iridescent ;
laterally a number of flat white scales which tend to form lateral lines and basal
and apical segmental patches; first segment dorsally white scaled, with many
pale hairs; venter largely white scaled, a series of medio-basal bright-blue spots,
sixth segment largely blue-black scaled, seventh segment with iridescent scales ;
setse dense, short, most numerous along the sides and posterior edges of seg-
ments.

Wings rather narrow, entirely smoky, somewhat darker on costal region ; veins
dark; stem of second marginal cell considerably shorter than its cell, that of
second posterior cell about equal to its cell ; basal cross-vein much less than its
own length distant from anterior cross-vein; scales black with a bright blue re-
flection, outstanding scales towards apex of wing long and rather broadly lanceo-
late. ITalteres with pale stems and blackish knobs.

Legs long, rather slender; integument of femora and tibiae yellowish; femora
clothed with small, appressed yellow shining scales, a broad apical ring of dense,
black, strongly outstanding scales ; tibirc clothed with semi-erect smoky scales
with metallic blue reflections, a broad apical ring of dense, outstanding black
scales with blue and iridescent reflections, a line of pale iridescent scales to near
apices; tarsi of all the legs with very slightly raised blackish vestiture and
silvery-white rings at bases of first and second joints. Claw formula,
1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 9 mm. ; wing 6 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, rather short, uniform, blackish scaled. Palpi
exceeding the proboscis by almost the length of the last two joints, which are

546

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

thickened ; long joint with a slight constriction resembling an articulation be-
fore the middle; vestiture of black scales with metallic blue luster; end of long
joint and last two joints with numerous long black setae. Antennas plumose;
last two joints long, pilose, the others short, slender, whitish, blackish at origins
of hair-whorls ; tori subglobose, hollowed at tip, dark brown ; second joint with
many black erect scales; hairs of whorls long, blackish. Coloration similar to
the female. Abdomen elongate, strongly depressed, broadened to fifth segment,
with coarse black lateral ciliation. Wings narrower than in the female, stems
of fork-cells longer, vestiture less abundant, membrane less infuscated. Legs
with raised scales less pronounced, the rings on tarsi smaller. Claw formula,
2.1-2.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 7.5 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 20, fig. 142) : Side-pieces about twice as long as wide, tips
rounded, without basal or apical lobes. Clasp-filament greatly enlarged, in-
flated, densely covered with setae, a large subbasal projection bent in at right
angles at apex, roundedly inflated ; apical portion of clasp slender, bent inward
at right angles, with a small inserted terminal spine. Harpes rather broad,
concave, rounded at tip, inner margins revolute with a number of small indenta-
tions and several triangular teeth at apex. Harpagones with a long, rather thick
and large round capitate apex covered with many short, stout setae. Unci ap-
proximate, subconfluent, margins revolute, subdenticulate towards apex, a few
fine setae representing basal lobes.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 114, fig. 388). — Head subquadrate, wider than long,
posterior angles rounded; eyes on an irregular prominence; antennae inserted
laterally on an angled prominence; front margin shallowly emarginate. An-
tennae cylindrical, nearly uniform, sparsely spined all over, a single hair at outer
fourth ; four articulated terminal processes and a long spine, twice as long as
processes. Eyes large, divided, the larger anterior part pointed. Both pairs of
dorsal head-hairs single, approximate ; ante-antennal tuft triple. Mouth-brushes
inserted on outer angles of head, folded downward and backward. Mental plate
triangular, with a large central tooth and eight on each side, penultimate one
very large and projecting, last one small, the rest subequal. Mandible quad-
rangular, convex without, smooth, a single appendage near tip ; an outer row of
few coarse filamentous setae ; dentition of eight teeth, first and fifth long, espe-
cially the first, which is projecting and sharp, the others diminishing succes-
sively ; four oblique tooth-like projections below ; a small projection at angle ; a
row of small setae near base. Maxilla rounded rectangular, attachment oblique,
the short palpus sessile on outer angle ; various short spines and setae on inner
aspect. Palpus hardly longer than broad, with four rudimentary digits. Thorax
rounded, about as wide as long, anterior margin strongly convex ; lateral single
hairs long, tufts short. Abdomen stout, segments transverse, anterior ones
strongly projecting laterally ; long lateral hairs double to fifth segment, single
on sixth; secondary hairs in small tufts. Tracheal tubes broad, band-shaped,
nearly even. Air-tube stout, about four times as long as wide, conically tapered
from near base, tip hardly widened; pecten reaching to middle of tube, long;
single tooth a quadrangular scale with excavate base and roundedly furcate apex,
one branch produced into a long hair ; a single hair beyond middle of tube and
beyond pecten. Lateral comb of eighth segment a long curved row of scales
preceded by a large area of minute scales; single scale with a long terminal
broad spine, twice as long as the body of the scale, one or two rounded teeth
on one side, one to five on the other ; small scales short and broad, terminated
in a row of cilia. Anal segment longer than wide, ringed by the plate ; dorsal
tuft a long hair and brush on each side ; a single lateral hair ; ventral brush a
series of short tufts running whole length of ventral line. Anal gills very long,

JANTHINOSOMA

547

about twice as long as the segment, regularly tapered to a sharp tip, each with a
wavy central trachea.

Egg (plate 146, fig. 671). — Eather broadly fusiform, covered with regular
hexagonal reticulations, each with a stout spine from micropylar end, half as
long as the reticulation ; a square gelatinous cushion at micropyle.

The larva? live in temporary puddles and feed upon the larva? of the non-
predaceous Psorophora (Janthinosoma) and Aedes that accompany them. Du-
pree and Morgan state that larvae could always be found a few hours after a
heavy rain. Development is rapid and they observed pupation on the fourth day
of larval life. Dr. Dyar found them mixed with Psorophora ciliata in some cattle
tracks in the bottom of a nearly dried marsh at Tampa, Florida. The water was
almost gone and the larva? had become extremely concentrated. The eggs are
undoubtedly laid on the ground and the dry season is passed in this stage. We
have, however, no direct observations on these and other points in the life his-
tory. Mr. Taylor, in Cuba, writes :

" We have collected the larva? in various months of the year, but only after a
very heavy rain, with a strong North wind. [The species] breeds in natural
collections of still water, preferably of medium depth, with or without vegeta-
tion. We usually collected them in pools that for at least a month previously
had been dried up. Always found other Culex larva? in conjunction with them,
principally C. [Psorophora] jamaicensis and C. confirmatus [Aedes scapularis].
| The eggs] are quite large ; black ; oval in shape, both ends comparatively blunt,
one of them being truncated; both sides even and convex, the borders being
lined with short white spicules. They are laid singly on the surface of the water,
each mosquito depositing from 50 to 75 eggs. They are white when first laid,
but soon blacken with the action of the air. [The larva?] are very carnivorous
and cannibalistic, eating larva? of other species of mosquitos ravenously, also eat
small tadpoles. [The adult] bites readily every two days, sometimes every day.
The bite is not painful, and nothing is noticed at the time, but often after 24
hours, indurated areas occur, which may persist several days. Under natural
conditions we found the cycle of development to be more rapid than any other
Cuban mosquito. Eggs deposited during the night of Feb. 23rd produced mos-
quitos on the morning of March 2nd, making a minimum cycle from egg to
mosquito of 6 days for males, and 6| days for females, under natural con-
ditions." We think that the eggs are not normally laid upon the water, as stated
by Mr. Taylor. The observations of Dupree and Morgan, and of others, show
that the eggs are already upon the ground before the rain-puddles form.

Southern Atlantic and Gulf States; Cuba.

Washington, District of Columbia, August 3, 1905 (T. Pergande) ; Piney
Point, Maryland, June 23, 1904 (T. Pergande) ; Hartsville, South Carolina,
July 23, 1901 (W. C. Coker) ; Natchez, Mississippi (Fleming) ; Belzona, Mis-
sissippi, July 4, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Scott, Arkansas (J. K. Thibault, Jr.) ;
New Orleans, Louisiana (J. W. Dupree) ; Tampa, Florida, March 18, 1905 (H.
C Dyar) ; Havana, Cuba (J. R. Taylor) ; Havana, Cuba (C. F. Baker) ; San
Antonio de los Bahos, Cuba (J. H. Pazos).

Subgenus JANTHINOSOMA Lynch Arribalzaga.

This group comprises two sections, one, Janthinosoma proper, with toothed
claws in the female, the other, to which the name Grabhamia properly applies,
with simple claws in the female. In Janthmosoma, the male genitalia have the
barpagones more strongly developed, more like Psorophora, than in Grabhamia,
although the division is not exact, since cyanescem has toothed claws in the
female, but the simpler type of genitalia in the male. In the larva? there is no

548

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

difference whatever between the two groups of this subgenus. The difference
in the armature of the claws in the adult female represents only a degree of
development, correlated with the method of copulation. It is without special
significance, and does not warrant the division of the group.

Janthinosoma has been recognized on the fringing scales of the hind legs.
This character, while distinct in a number of species is gradually evanescent in
others, until there are found some, clearly belonging to the group on larval and
other characters, but devoid of these scales. The group is a distinct one on larval
characters, all the species having the 6ame peculiar lateral comb of the eighth
abdominal segment. These larvae (with one exception) have a strongly inflated
air-tube. The male genitalia, however, are not differentiated from Psorophora
and the structure of the female abdomen is the same. We therefore recognize
the group only as a subgenus. A single species (separated under the name
Ceratocystia) has the same habits, but the larva instead of having a swollen air-
tube has enormously enlarged antennas, which structure, curiously enough,
seems to possess essentially the same function as the enlarged air-tube.

Certain species belonging to Janthinosoma (sensu restr.) have been shown to
be the carriers of the eggs of the large flies of the genus Dermatobia, whose
maggots infest animals and man. The Dermatobia eggs are fastened on the
under side of the base of the abdomen of the mosquito, in exactly what manner
has not been observed ; but they are so carried by the mosquito and hatch when
the mosquito bites a warm-blooded host.

PSOROPHORA POSTICATUS (Wiedemann).

Culex posticatus Wiedemann, Dipt. Bxot., i, 43, 1821.

Culex posticatus Robineau-Desvoidy, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, iii, 410, 1827.
Culex posticatus Wiedemann, Aussereur. Zweifl. Ins., 9, 1828.
Culex posticatus Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 278, 1900.

Janthinosoma musica Theobald (in part, not Say), Mon. Culic, i, 255, 1901.
Janthinosoma discrucians Giles (not Walker), Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 339, 340, 1902.
Janthinosoma musica Giles (in part, not Say), Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 339, 340, 1902.
Janthinosoma musica Theobald (not Say), Mon. Culic, iii, 126, 1903.
Janthinosoma musica Lutz (not Say), in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 39, 71, 1904.
Janthinosoma musica Goeldi (not Say), Os Mosq. no Para, 117, pi. 4, fig. 15, 1905.
Janthinosoma echinata Grabham, Can. Ent., xxxviii, 311, 1906.
Janthinosoma sayi Dyar & Knab (in part), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 181, 1906.
Culex posticatus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech. Ser. 11, 8, 1906.
Janthinosoma posticata Coquillett (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11,
17, 1906.

Janthinosoma posticatus Dyar & Knab, Proc Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 161, 1906.
Janthinosoma coquillettii Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 153, 154, 1907.
Janthinosoma sayi, var. jamaicensis Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 157, 1907.
Aedes posticata Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., Hi, 63, 1908.
Janthinosoma musica Peryassu (not Say), Os Culic. do Brazil, 151, 1908.
Janthinosoma sayi Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, v, 119, 1910.
Janthinosoma sayi jamaicensis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 119, 1910.
Janthinosoma coquillettii Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 120, 1910.
Janthinosoma echinata Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 121, 1910.
Janthinosoma centrale Brethes, Bol. Inst. Ent. y de Patol. Veg., i, 20, 1912.

Original Description of Culex posticatus:

Fuscus, chalybeo-nitens; tarsis posticis nigro-ciliatis, apice albis. Longit. lin.
2 1/2. fern. Mexico.

Antennae, proboscis, palpi fusca; certo situ obscure chalybeo-nitentia: caput
flavicans. Thorax detritus fuscus, parum chalybeo-nitens; abdomen distinctius
chalybeum; venter incisuris late albidis. Alae fusco-squamulosae; hal teres flavi-
cantes. Pedes chalybei; femora usque ad apicem fere flavicantia; tibiarum posti-
carum apex et tarsi supra et infra ciliati, pilis nigro-fuscis, certo situ chalybescenti-
bus; tarsi postici apice late albi. Mus. de Winthem.

PSOROPHORA POSTICATUS

549

Original Descbiption of Janthinosoma echinata:

$. Head covered with flat spindle-shaped yellow scales, mingled with black hairs, a
few long yellow hairs projecting between the eyes, many upright forked scales at the
back. Eyes with deep purple reflections, bordered posteriorly with silvery-white
scales. Antennae brown, basal segment deep brown, second slightly inflated, with a
few short black hairs. Proboscis black, with violet reflections, speckled with yellow
scales. Palpi densely covered with black and yellow scales, the latter predominating
in two basal joints. Clypeus Mack. Prothoracic lobes with a few golden scales and
black hairs. Mesothorax black, with spindle-shaped golden scales scattered over its
surface, two denser clusters of these scales on the front margin adjoining the pro-
thoracic lobes, also at the posterior margin between the lateral and mid bare spaces.
Two narrow median bare lines running over three-quarters length of the mesothorax,
broadening as they approach its anterior margin; a median and two lateral bare
areas at the posterior margin. A row of long black hairs above the wing insertions;
a number of short black hairs distributed in no definite order over the mesothorax.
Scutellum black, clusters of golden scales on the mid and lateral lobes; six to eight
black hairs spring from the posterior margin of the mid lobe, and three to four from
each of the lateral lobes. Pleura with patches of silvery-white scales. Metanotum
deep brown. Abdomen black, with violet reflections, basal segment with long white
hairs, apex of each segment bordered with a few long white hairs. Lateral apical
patches of white scales in the posterior segments. Venter yellow, densely covered
with broad yellow scales, among which are interspersed a few violet scales, especially
near the bases of the segments. Legs dark metallic violet, with well-marked knee
spots on all the femora. Tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi of the hind legs densely scaled.
Third and fourth tarsi of the hind legs white scaled. All the ungues uniserrate and
equal. Wings, first submarginal longer and narrower than the second posterior, its
stem less than half its length. Stem of the second posterior cell a little shorter
than the cell. Posterior cross vein more than its own length behind the mid cross
vein. Halteres with pale stems and knobs. Length, 5.5 mm.

<j\ — Antenna? pale brown, second joint slightly inflated, thickly clothed with a num-
ber of long-stalked black scales, with fan-like heads, and long black hairs. Proboscis
black, with a faint band on its lower third. Palpi longer than the proboscis by the
two terminal joints. Two terminal joints inflated and densely black-scaled, a num-
ber of long black hairs along the under surface, a few black hairs on the apex of the
terminal joint. Antepenultimate joint inflated at the apex, a few black hairs on the
under surface near the apex. A single narrow band of golden scales on its lower
third. Terminal segment of the clasp greatly dilated in the middle. Harpes, limb
extending into a thin lamina at the apex, from the internal border of which a num-
ber of long black hairs along the under surface, a few black hairs on the apex of the
attached. Harpagones with strong recurved tips and two stout thorn-like tubercles
on their convex surfaces. Unci deeply chitinized adherent along their internal
borders. Setaceous lobes absent. Ungues of the fore and mid tarsi unequal, the
larger with two teeth, a long blunt one and a small basal one; the smaller with a
minute basal tooth. Ungues of the hind tarsi uniserrate and equal. Length, 5.5 mm.

The following points were noted in the adult larva: Fully grown adult larva
nearly 5/16 inch long. Antennae large and prominent, longer than the head, strongly
curved about the middle, deeply fuscous except at the base. Slightly inflated in the
lower half. Tuft at the middle of about six fine feathered hairs not exceeding half
the antennal shaft of length. Apex with three or four short spines. Surface covered
with stout chitinous spines. Mentum deeply infuscated, somewhat narrowly tri-
angular; teeth dark and numerous; apical tooth large and prominent. Both upper
and lower epistomal hairs are double and feathered, extending beyond the margin of
the head. Anteantennal tuft of 8-10 feathered divisions. Body glabrous except
for a few small scattered dendritic hairs. A small dorsal patch of minute thorn-like
spines, arranged in curved lines, on each segment from the second to the seventh.
Lateral hairs of the abdomen paired and flattened; on the anterior segments each
hair is large and 4- to 7-branched, hairs becoming smaller and with fewer branches
on the hinder segments. Comb of six or seven scales in a curved row, the largest
in the middle. Central scales joined by a thin broad chitinous band, the upper
and lower scales separate, base of each scale oval, sides coarsely setose below, the
apical free border with one curved stout central spine and two to six much shorter
lateral spines. Air tube fusiform, inflated, deeply infuscated, devoid of hairs, about
four times as long as wide (at the base) ; pecten rows of four well-separated teeth in
each, a fifth small pair at the extreme base in some specimens; rows one-quarter
length of tube; upper two pairs of teeth with two or three smaller denticulations on
the inner side, lower pairs with denticulations on both sides. Band ringing the anal
segment about as long as broad; barred area running along whole length of the band.

550

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Ventral tufts of 18-20 pairs. A pair of tufts and long simple setae dorsally. Anal
gills very long, narrow, pointed, 2 1/2 times as long as the longest hairs of the ventral
brush. Pupa with short, stout siphons.

Observations. — Four living larva; of this handsome species were taken from a
temporary pool in a logwood thicket, about 5 3/4 miles along the Molynes Road,
near Kingston, early in April, 1906. The larva is large and stout, the head, which is
much compressed antero-posteriorly, is set at right angles to the thorax, and the
large antennae are carried almost vertically downwards, giving the larva a peculiar
appearance. The description of the larva is drawn up from the larval skin casts,
that of the adult head, thorax and abdomen from the freshly-killed specimens. A
notable feature in the male is the thickly-scaled second antennal joint.

Original Description of Janthinosoma sayi, variety jamaicensis:

A series of five J's taken by Lord Walsingham exactly resemble the typical sayi,
but in all the specimens the last two hind tarsals only are white, the white not
spreading at all on to the apex of the second tarsal segment, as seen in sayi.

Habitat. — Runaway Bay (Lord Walsingham); Kingston, Jamaica (Dr. Grabham).

Time of capture. — April and July.

Note. — It is possibly a distinct species.

Original Description of Janthinosoma centrale :

5 Cabeza negra, occipucio, mejillas, base de los palpos, de las antenas y de la
trompa testaceos; escamas detras de los ojos doradas, las erguidas en tornillo, las
recostadas hacia los lados fusiformes. Antenas pardas con vellosidad y pelos
verticilados del mismo color. Trompa parda hacia la extremidad. Palpos cortos con
escamas azul obscuro. Torax pfceo con escamas doradas fusiformes esparcidas en el
dorso y algunos pelos largos hacia la parte posterior. Escudete y metanoto testa-
ceos obscuros, el escudete con tres grupos de pelos largos. Abdomen negro,
por arriba de un violeta purpura y por debajo con escamas doradas excepto los
angulos anteriores de cada segmento que son invadidos por las escamas obscuras
como en el dorso. Alas un tanto parduzcas con escamas pardas; en la costa sobre
todo y en la 1? vena longitudinal hay escamas negras. Las dos horquetas nacen al
mismo nivel. Patas de un purpfiero-azulado, coxas y femures (estos en mas de su
mitad basal) testaceos. Los tarsos posteriores tienen sus 4? y 5? artejos asi como
la misma extremidad del tercero blancos.

Long.: 6,5 mm.

Hab.: Buenos Aires e islas del Parana.
Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Psorophora posticatus :

Female. — Proboscis moderate, cylindrical, uniform, labellse small, conical;
vestiture of appressed blue-black scales and small curved black seta?, those on
labellse more prominently outstanding. Palpi about one-fourth as long as pro-
boscis, clothed with blue-black scales, brilliant violet ones at tip, and a few long
setae at base. Antennas slender ; tori subglobose, with an excavated tip, smooth,
pale brown within and beneath, blackish above ; second joint a little longer than
the following ones, blackish, setose ; hairs of whorls sparse and rather long
basally. Clypeus elongate, prominent, tapered in front, convex, dark brown,
shining, nude. Eyes black. Occiput narrow, anterior half devoid of scales,
blackish, with a number of bristles; posterior half yellowish, densely clothed
with erect, golden-brown, forked-tipped scales, some broad and flattened yellow
scales intermixed, the sides with flat, broad yellowish scales ; cheeks silvery white
scaled.

Prothoracic lobes large, well separated, with black bristles and a tuft of flat
golden-yellow scales at apex. Mesonotum yellowish brown, broadly black cen-
trally, uniformly and rather densely covered with flat, broad, pale golden-yellow
and lanceolate dark brown scales intermixed and rather short black bristles;
there is a small ante-scutellar bare space but no subdorsal bare stripes. Scu-
tellum trilobate, with flat golden-yellow scales and a group of about eight black
bristles on each lobe. Postnotum roundedly tapered behind, dark brown, nude.
Pleura brown, covered with flat white scales ; coxa? pale brown with white scales,
a few black scales on anterior pair and short black bristles.

PSOROPHORA POSTICATUS

551

Abdomen subcylindrica], slender, posterior segments tapered ; dorsal vestiture
of flat black scales with strong violaceous reflection ; a row of lateral segmentary
apical golden spots; first segment with a dorsal patch of violet scales and with
many brown hairs ; venter violet-black scaled at bases of segments, apical three-
fourths clothed with flat golden-yellow scales, except on distal segments, where
the dark scales prevail.

Wings moderate, membrane infuscated, with strong iridescent reflection ;
veins brown ; petiole of second marginal cell shorter than its cell, that of second
posterior cell about equal to its cell ; basal cross-vein distant from anterior cross-
vein about half its own length ; scales of veins black with a blue reflection in
certain lights, rather narrow, the outstanding ones towards apex of wing larger
and broader, narrowly lanceolate. Halteres pale, the knobs slightly darker.

Legs rather long and slender, posterior tibiae distally and most of the hind
tarsi apparently thickened by dense outstanding scales; femora yellowish
towards base ; fore and mid legs otherwise clothed with black scales with a strong
blue reflection; knees dull silvery white scaled; tibiae and tarsi blue black,
except on hind legs, where the last two tarsal joints and the apex of the third are
white. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 6 mm. ; wing 5.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, basally slender, slightly and gradually thickened
apically. Palpi exceeding the proboscis by nearly the length of the last two
joints, which are moderately thickened ; last joint shorter than the penultimate
one ; vestiture violet black ; apex of the long joint and the last two with dense,
long black seta?, a narrow bare white ring at the false articulation before middle
of long joint. Antennas plumose, with last two joints long and setose, the others
short, blackish at insertion of the long, dense blackish whorls, pale beyond.
Coloration similar to the female. Abdomen elongate, strongly depressed, with
pale lateral ciliation, the latero-apical golden spots visible from above. Wings
narrower than in the female, the stems of the fork-cells a little longer and the
cross-veins more nearly in line; vestiture sparser. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 3.7 mm.

Genitalia (plate 21, fig. 149) : Side-pieces expanded, truncate at tip, apical
lobe prominent but scarcely differentiated. Clasp-filament small at base, greatly
inflated beyond middle, extreme tip again slender, recurved and with a small
articulated terminal spine. Harpes concave, the margins narrowly revolute,
bearing an apical tooth. Harpagones with a long, slender stem reaching to tip
of side-piece, apex a little expanded and bearing a row of about seven stout
hooked-tipped setae and a single leaf-like appendage with a recurved tip. Unci
forming a tapering plate with revolute margins.

Larva, Stage IV. — Head large, transverse, widest through eyes; antenna?
long, uniform, spinose, a hair-tuft before middle; dorsal head-hairs in twos,
ante-antennal tuft multiple. Lateral comb of eighth segment of seven scales,
attached by their pointed bases to a small chitinous plate, each large, with
lateral spines and a long central one. Air-tube inflated, fusiform, with a pecten
of four small separated teeth near the base ; hair-tuft rudimentary. Anal seg-
ment longer than wide, ringed by a chitinous band ; dorsal tuft of a hair and tuft
on each side; lateral hair minute; ventral brush distributed along ventral line
nearly to base. Anal gills long, equal, pointed.

Goeldi has figured and described the eggs, obtained from captured females.
He did not succeed in obtaining larvae, apparently because the eggs must remain
dormant for some time in a desiccated condition. The eggs show the same
coarsely spinose surface as those of the other members of the genus. The larvae
live in temporary rain-puddles. Dr. Grabham found them in a temporary pool
in the forest. Mr. Busck got them in open pools at Arima, Trinidad. Mr. Knab

552

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

got them in a large muddy puddle in the bed of a stream at Almoloya, Mexico,
in a pond choked by vegetation near Puntarenas, Costa Rica, in a puddle within
the shell of a large tree that had been burned at the same place, and in a shallow,
weed-grown ditch along the railroad tracks at Zent, Costa Rica. The females
attack man and the bite is said to be painful. Goeldi states that they are
diurnal, attacking persistently during the hot hours, and that they are found in
the forest and in the open. The habits are not known further, but probably
agree with those of the allied species.

Tropical America, Mexico and the West Indies to the Argentine.

Sao Paulo, Brazil (A. Lutz) ; New Amsterdam, British Guiana, May 4, 1907
(J. Aiken) ; Berbice, British Guiana (J. Aiken) ; Georgetown, British Guiana
(E. D. Rowland) ; Surinam (H. Polak) ; Trinidad, British West Indies, June,
1905 (A. Busck) ; Kingston, Jamaica (M. Grabham) ; Santo Domingo, August,
1905 (A. Busck) ; Las Cascadas, Canal Zone, Panama, May 15, 1907 (A.
Busck) ; Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama (A. Busck) ; Lion Hill, Canal Zone,
Panama (A. Busck) ; Taboga Island, Panama, July 1, 1907 (A. Busck) ;
Chagres River, Panama, June 7, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Culebra, Panama, February
5, 1904 (W. M. Black) ; Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama, June 23, 1908 (A. H.
Jennings) ; Miraflores, Canal Zone, Panama, January 1, 1909 (A. H. Jen-
nings) ; Bluefields, Nicaragua (W. P. Thornton) ; Zent, 20 miles from Puerto
Limon, Costa Rica, September 26, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Las Loras near Puntarenas,
Costa Rica, September 8, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Corinto, Nicaragua, September 4,
1905 (F. Knab) ; Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala, April 26,
1907 (Schwarz and Barber) ; Livingstone, Guatemala, November 5, 1907 (H.
S. Barber) ; Sonsonate, Salvador, August 19, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Tonala, Mexico
(A. Duges) ; Santa Lucrecia, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, June 21, 1905 (F.
Knab) ; Tehuantepec, Mexico, July 5, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Almoloya, State of
Oaxaca, Mexico, July 19, 1905 (F. Knab). Reported also from Buenos Aires
and the islands of the Parana, Argentine (Brethes) ; States of Rio de Janeiro
and Bahia, Brazil (Lutz) ; Para, Brazil (Goeldi) ; Pernambuco, Minas Geraes,
Matto Grosso, Brazil (Peryassu).

The synonymy of Psorophora posticatus is considerably confused, but we think
that we have correctly identified Wiedemann's species. A variety occurs, espe-
cially in the Antilles, in which there is no white tip on the third hind tarsal
joint. This was named echinata by Dr. Grabham and jamaicensis by Theobald.
A majority of the specimens from the Antilles, perhaps two-thirds, are of this
form, but the normal form also occurs. On the mainland the variety occurs in
much smaller proportion, perhaps 1 in 10 ; but its occurrence proves that a dis-
tinct species is not involved, nor yet a geographical race. Theobald has applied
the name posticata to specimens from the Antilles with only the last tarsal
joint white and which are here treated as Psorophora terminalis. Dr. Howard
has examined the type of Wiedemann's Gulex posticatus at Vienna and found
that two joints of the hind tarsi are white and a statement to that effect was
published by Coquillett (U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 8, 1906).
We have not seen specimens from the Argentine, but there can hardly be a doubt
that Janthinosoma centrale Brethes is a synonym.

PSOROPHORA TERMINALIS (Coquillett).

Janthinosoma posticata Theobald (not "Wiedemann), Mon. Culic, i, 253, 1901.
Janthinosoma posticata Giles (not Wiedemann), Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed.( 339, 341, 1902.
Janthinosoma posticatum Blan chard (in part, not Wiedemann), Les Moust., 233, 1905.
Janthinosoma terminalis Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech. Ser. No. 11,
8, 17, 1906.

Janthinosoma posticata Theobald (not Wiedemann), Mon. Culicid., iv, 154, 1907.
Janthinosoma posticata Theobald (not Wiedemann), Mon. Culic, v, 120, 1910.

PSOROPHORA TERMINALIS

553

Original Description of Janthinosoma posticata Theobald, not Culex posticatus
Wiedemann:

Thorax brown, rather testaceous behind, with flat, spindle-shaped, bronzy and
yellow scales. Abdomen steel-black with metallic violet scales, with basal triangular
patches of creamy scales; venter yellow scaled. Legs dark brown with metallic
steely and purple reflections, the last hind tarsal joint dull white, legs densely scaly.
Wings with a brownish tinge.

Head steely-black, with dense, golden, forked upright scales behind, a few flat
rather broad, creamy ones in front and a few purplish and then creamy ones at the
sides; eyes pale steel colour and black; bristles in front of the head black, two golden
ones between the eyes; antennae brown with the basal joint on the outside bright
testaceous, dark on the inside, second joint also testaceous, but darker; palpi tes-
taceous, covered with steely-black scales, the testaceous colour shows through at
their base; proboscis metallic purple in some lights with creamy scales just at the
base, brown in others.

Thorax shiny, purplish-brown in front, testaceous behind, with scattered, flat,
spindle-shaped, bronzy black and yellow scales, the dark ones predominating, with
three rows of black bristles, the median one ending before the bare patch in front
of the scutellum; scutellum darker in the middle than at the sides, with flat, bronzy
scales and black bristles; metanotum pale chestnut-brown; pleurae pale ochraceous-
brown witli numerous white scales. Abdomen when denuded steel-blue, covered with
bright metallic purple scales, the first segment ochraceous with two patches of deep
purple scales and golden bristles; posterior borders with golden hairs; laterally
are triangular basal patches of creamy scales on each segment; venter nearly
covered with yellow scales.

Legs covered with dark brownish-black scales, with metallic steely and purplish
reflections, knee spots white, bases and venter of femora yellowish, last tarsal joint
of the hind legs dull white.

Wings with a slight brownish tinge, scales brown, lateral ones moderately long
and narrow; first sub-marginal cell very little longer and narrower than the second
posterior cell, its stem equal to nearly half the length of the cell; stem of the second
posterior cell nearly the same length and about as long as the cell; posterior cross-
vein distant a little more than half its own length from the mid cross-vein.

Halteres with pale stem and fuscous knob.

Length. — 5 mm.

Habitat. — Castries, St. Lucia (St. George Gray) (19. 7. 99); Argentina (Arribal-
zaga).

Time of capture. — August in St. Lucia.

Observations. — Described from a single female sent by Dr. St. George Gray, with
note that it was taken at 7 p. at. in the Botanic Gardens, Castries.

It is evidently Wiedemann's Culex posticatus described from Mexico, and may be
told from the allied C. musicus, Say, by the last tarsal joint only being white.

I cannot see the ungues properly in the single specimen sent, but one on each
foot is in any case toothed; they are probably both equal and serrated.

Original Description of Janthinosoma terminalis:

The type fof Culex posticatus] has the last two joints of the hind feet wholly
white; Janthinosoma musica Say is a synonym. The Janthinosoma posticata of
Theobald, in which the last joint of the hind feet is white, is therefore a different
species, for which the writer proposes the name terminalis.

Unrecognized species [of Janthinosoma: J.] terminalis Coquillett (posticata Theo-
bald, not of Wiedemann), was described from St. Lucia, W. Ind., and differs from all
of the other species in that the last joint only of the hind feet is white.

We possess no specimens of this species. The larva is unknown.
Nothing is known of the life history and habits.
St. Lucia, West Indies and Argentine (Theobald) .

Mr. Theobald described a single specimen from the island of Santa Lucia
under the name Janthinosoma posticata Wiedemann; Mr. Coquillett recognized
from the description that it was wrongly identified, and proposed a new name
for it. No specimens of this form are before us, but Mr. Busck has examined
the specimens in the British Museum, and reports that there are five specimens
from'St. Lucia (Gray) ; the last hind tarsal joint only is white, but not equally
distinctly white in all the specimens. We have noted above that specimens of
36

554

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Psorophora posticatus from the Antilles have a tendency to loss of white on the
hind tarsi. In the present form the tendency is apparently intensified, the white
area being still further reduced. The record from the Argentine seems doubtful.

PSOROPHORA SAYI (Dyar & Knab).

Culex musicus Say (not Leach), Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., vi, 149, 1827.

Culex musicus Say, Ent. of N. Amer., ii, 348, 1883.

Culex musicus Giles (not Leach), Gnats or Mosq., 276, 1900.

Culex posticatus Coquillett (not Wiedemann), U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent, Circular
40, 2 Ser., 6, 1900.

Culex posticatus Howard (not Wiedemann), U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. 25, n. s.,
20, 1900.

Conchyliastes musicus Howard, Mosquitoes, 155, 236, 1901.
Janthinosoma musica Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, 1, 255, 1901.
Conchyliastes musicus Morgan, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. 37, n. s., 113, 1902.
Conchyliastes musicus Dupree & Morgan, Science, n. s., xvi, 1037, 1902.
Janthinosoma discrucians Giles (not Walker), Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 339, 340, 1902.
Janthinosoma musica Giles (in part), Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 339, 340, 1902.
Janthinosoma musica Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 124, 1903.

Conchyliates musicus Morgan & Dupree, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull., 40, n. s.,
90, 91, 1903.

Janthinosoma musicum Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xii, 173, 1904.
Janthinosoma musica Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 276, 1904.
Ianthinosoma mexicanum Blanchard (not Culex mexicanus Bellardi), Les Mousti-
ques, 234, 1905.

Janthinosoma musica Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 471, 1905.
Janthinosoma musica Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 180, 1905.
Janthinosoma musica Coffin, in Shattuck, The Bahama Ids., 281, 1905.
Janthinosoma sayi Dyar & Knab (in part), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 181, 1906.
Janthinosoma posticata Coquillett (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser.
11, 17, 1906.

Janthinosoma sayi Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 161, 1906.
Janthinosoma sayi Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circular 72, 3, 1906.
Janthinosoma sayi Theobald, Mon. Culicid., iv, 155, 1907.

Culex (Janthinosoma) posticata Viereck (not Wiedemann), 1st Ann. Rept. Comm.

Health Pa., 470, 1908.
Aedes sayi Pazos, Anal. Acad, de Cien. med., fis. y nat. de la Habana, xlv, 420, 1908.
Aedes sayi Pazos, San. y Benef., ii, 46, 191, 1909.
Aedes sayi Thibault, Proc. Ent. Soc Wash., xii, 17, 1910.
Janthinosoma sayi Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, v, 119, 1910.
Aedes sayi Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 717, 1910.

Original Description of Culex musicus:

Tergum purplish, with lateral yellowish spots.
Inhab. Indiana.

Head dull honey-yellow: vertex blackish with yellowish hair: proboscis and palpi
black; thorax black-purple, with yellowish hair or scales: wings dusky: poisers
white, a little dusky at tip: tergum purple, or violaceous, with a band at base, and
large lateral spot on each segment of yellowish hair or scales: feet black-violaceous:
thighs, excepting at tip, and coxae whitish, sericeous: tarsi, two terminal joints of
the posterior pair white.

Length more than one-fifth of an inch.

Original Description of Janthinosoma sayi (Dyar & Knab) :

Culex musicus Say (not Leach), Proc. acad. nat. sci. Phil., vi, 149, 1827.
Ianthinosoma mexicana Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 234, 1905.

The larva is found in temporary rain puddles and develops rapidly, as do all of
this genus. It occurs along the Atlantic seaboard as far North as Massachusetts, but
is common only further South. The senior author met with it in abundance at
Tampa, Florida. The junior author collected it at Santa Lucrecia, Almoloya and
Tehuantepec, Mexico; Sonsonate, Salvador; Corinto, Nicaragua; Puntarenas and
Port Limon, Costa Rica. Blanchard says that musicus Say (preoccupied) is surely
the same as mexicanus Bellardi; but Coquillett has identified as mexicana another
species, which he refers to " Culex " as it differs in scale structure. We therefore
propose the new name sayi for our familiar species.

PSOROPHORA SAYI

555

Original Description of Janthinosoma sayi (Theobald ) :

Synonymy. — Coquillett makes Say's musicus the same as Wiedemann's posticutus.
The latter species has the last hind tarsal white.

The specimens I re-described of posticata (p. 253, Vol. I) answer exactly to Wiede-
mann's description, and musicus of Say is seen to be totally distinct. Unfortunately
Say's name, musicus (1827), was used in 1825 by Leach for a Culcx, and thus does
not stand. I have thus renamed the insect after its describer.

Description of Female, Male, Larva, Pupa, and Egg of Psoropiiora sayi:

Female. — Proboscis moderately long, uniform ; labclla? rather sharply
tapered, with a few small outstanding setae; vestiture of appressed brownish-
black scales. Palpi less than one-third as long as proboscis, clothed with black
scales with a bright blue luster, tipped with brilliant violet scales. Antennae
black, the joints subequal, pilose; tori subglobose, with a cup-shaped apical
hollow, pale luteous within, brown without; second joint luteous at base, with
a few black scales ; hairs of whorls sparse, rather short, black. Olypeus promi-
nent, elongate elliptical, rounded at both ends, nude, blackish brown, shining.
Eyes black. Occiput dark brown anteriorly, luteous posteriorly, posterior half
densely clothed with erect, slender, forked, golden-yellow scales, intermixed
with very broad, yellow, flat and suberect scales, some subovate, whitish scales
anteriorly and on the cheeks, some yellow hairs projecting at the vertex.

Prothoracic lobes blackish brown, moderate in size, remote, with a cluster of
flat, broad white scales on the summit and brownish-tipped setae below. Meso-
notum nearly black, covered with flat, broad golden-yellow and blackish-brown
scales intermixed, forming no defined pattern ; dorsal bare stripes hardly in-
dicated; ante-scutellar bare space small; a number of brownish-tipped setae,
longest and most numerous posteriorly and at roots of wings. Scutellum trilo-
bate, dark brown, middle lobe the most prominent, blackish centrally, each
lobe with flat golden scales and a group of about eight long black setae. Post-
notuni elliptical, brown, shining, nude. Pleurae dark brown, clothed with broad,
white appressed scales ; coxae pale, with patches of white scales and rows of brown
bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, terminal segments distinctly tapering;
clothed dorsally with flat black scales with a bright violet luster, a series of
large, lateral, triangular, whitish yellow spots, their bases at apices of the seg-
ments; venter entirely clothed with whitish-yellow scales with a very few
blackish ones intermixed; seventh segment violet beneath with whitish yellow
lateral and posterior margins; seta? not abundant, rather short, dark.

Wings moderate, membrane hyaline with a very slight smoky tint and an
iridescent reflection ; petiole of second marginal cell shorter than its cell, that of
second posterior cell also somewhat shorter; basal cross-vein less than its own
length distant from anterior cross-vein ; veins dark brown, the smoky color
slightly intensified in their immediate vicinity; scales brownish black, the out-
standing ones slender, narrowly lanceolate, most of them blunt at tips. Halteres
almost entirely pale.

Legs rather long and slender, posterior legs with the apical third of the tibiae
and the three proximal tarsal joints apparently thickened by dense obliquely
outstanding scales ; femora pale yellowish brown beneath nearly to tips ; apices
of femora white scaled, broadest on hind pair; legs otherwise clothed with black
scales with a bright violet-blue metallic luster, last two joints of hind tarsi and
tip of third joint white. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, moderately long, nearly uniform. Palpi exceed-
ing the proboscis by somewhat less than the length of the last two joints ; the
two terminal joints thickened, the penultimate one the longer ; vestiture black
with a bright blue reflection ; last two joints and apex of long joint with long

556

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

black hairs, a pale ring devoid of scales at the false articulation of long joint.
Antennae plumose, the two terminal joints long and pilose, the rest short, black
at insertions of the whorls, white beyond; second joint pale at base; hairs of
whorls long, blackish. Coloration similar to the female. Abdomen elongate,
strongly depressed, with long, pale, lateral ciliation ; the yellowish white lateral
spots are on the dorsal aspect ; venter with basal segmental bands of blue-black
scales. Wings much narrower than in the female, with hardly any trace of
smoky tint, the stalks of the fork-cells slightly longer, cross-veins more remote,
scales sparser. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-1.1.
Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4.2 mm.

Genitalia (plate 20, fig. 146) : Side-pieces about twice as long as wide, conical
at tip, lobes scarcely differentiated. Clasp-filament small at base, greatly
inflated beyond middle, extreme tip again slender, recurved, and with a small
articulated terminal spine. Harpes concave, margins narrowly revolute, bearing
an apical tooth. Harpagones with a long, slender stem nearly reaching to tip
of side-piece, apex a little expanded and bearing a row of about seven stout hook-
tipped setae and a single leaf-like appendage with a recurved tip. Unci forming
a tapering plate with revolute margins.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 115, fig. 390). — Head rounded, wider than long, nar-
rowed before the eyes, a slight notch at insertion of antennae, front margin
broadly arcuate. Antennae very long, longer than head, slender, a little swollen
toward base, spined all over; a large tuft of long branched hairs a little before
middle ; three long spines and two small digits at tip. Eyes large, transverse,
pointed. Both pairs of dorsal head-tufts double, ante-antennal tuft multiple.
Mental plate triangular, with a central large tooth and thirteen on each side,
rather small, alike, closely set. Mandible quadrangular, indented without at
middle, smooth ; two long filaments before tip ; an outer row of stout cilia ; nine
little tufts of two hairs each from conical projecting bases; dentition of four
teeth on a process, the first and fourth longer ; a filament without, small sepa-
rated teeth at base, a double serrate filament and seta within; process below
simple, with patches of hair ; an angle below it ; two groups of three long hairs
each; six long hairs at base. Maxilla elongate hemispherical, divided by a
narrow suture ; inner half spined ; a row of long cilia on suture at tip ; outer half
with some rudimentary spines toward palpus and a short filament on each side.
Palpus small and slender with two digits and two small rudimentary ones.
Thorax rounded, wider than long, robust ; hairs abundant but not long. Abdo-
men stout, anterior segments shorter; lateral tufts multiple on first segment,
double on second, single on third to sixth. Tracheal tubes broad, band-shaped,
irregularly flexuous posteriorly. Air-tube large, strongly inflated, tapered on
outer half, about three times as long as wide; pecten of three teeth on basal
fifth of tube ; single tooth with broad base, a long spine at one end, three sub-
basal ones, the middle one longest. Lateral comb of eighth segment of six or
seven subequal scales in a line ; single scale three times as long as wide, with a
long terminal spine and five stout spines on each side, the subapical one slightly
curved. Anal segment much longer than wide, ringed by the plate ; dorsal tuft
a long hair and brush on each side ; a small lateral tuft ; ventral brush well de-
veloped, extending along ventral line to near base. Anal gills long, much longer
than the segment, tapered to a sharp tip ; a slight central trachea.

Pupa (plate 149, fig. 705). — Thoracic mass subpyriform; three small tufts
anteriorly; air-tubes rather long, slender, slightly notched at tip; abdomen
rather stout, the hairs and tufts moderate, a small lateral tuft on eighth seg-
ment; anal paddles with two small terminal hairs.

Egg (plate 146, fig. 675). — Fusiform, flattened on one side, rather long and
narrow; sculpture elongate hexagonal reticulations; from the micropylar end

PSOROPHORA LTJTZII

557

of each there arises a recumbent, stout blunt spine, two-thirds the length of the
reticulation.

The larva? live in temporary rain-puddles. The coat of spines with which the
eggs are covered probably serve to prevent desiccation. The eggs are apparently
laid upon the ground at a place where water is liable to collect, and remain un-
hatched until after a rain. The winter is passed in the egg-state. We have no
direct observations on the life history and nothing is known of the mating habits
of the adults. The larval stages are passed rapidly, as with all the species of this
group. In the northern part of its range the larva is rare, being seldom found.
Dr. Dyar obtained one larva in a puddle in a road at Grassymead, Virginia.
The adult females are active and voracious biters, but are only common enough
to be troublesome in the South. They are not in the habit of frequenting houses.
Apparently they are diurnal. Mr. Barber has observed the males on flowers and
Mr. Knab captured a female specimen on a flower. Mr. Thibault states that the
female is " one of the most persistent as well as painful biters. Also trouble-
some to stock."

Atlantic and Gulf States, Mississippi Valley, Cuba, and Bahamas.

Chicopee and Springfield, Massachusetts, July 16, 1903 (F. Knab) ; Saxe-
ville, Wisconsin, July 29, 1909 (B. K. Miller) ; Algonquin, Iowa (H. J.
Quayle) ; Hyattsville, Maryland, September 1 (A. Busck) ; Glencarlyn, Vir-
ginia, July 23, 1901 (N. Banks) ; Washington, District of Columbia, Septem-
ber 9, 1901 (W. E. Hinds) ; Luray, Virginia, September 2, 1906 (P. Knab) ;
Woodstock, Virginia (F. C. Pratt) ; Plummets Island, Maryland (H. S.
Barber) ; Greensboro, North Carolina, August 8, 1901 (F. C. Pratt) ; Columbia,
South Carolina, August 1, 1906; Agricultural College, Mississippi, May 18,
1901 (G. W. Herrick) ; Jackson, Tutwiler, Belzona, Clarksdale, Westpoint, and
Corinth, Mississippi, August, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Natchez, Mississippi, July
23, 1904 (F. S. Shaw) ; Eives and Athens, Tennessee, August, 1904 (H. S.
Barber) ; Helena, Arkansas, July 30, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Scott, Pulaski
County, Arkansas, August 11, 1909 (J. K. Thibault, Jr.) ; Corbin, Kentucky,
August 24, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Jacksonville, Texas, October 12, 1905 (W. D.
Pierce) ; Dennison, Texas, June 25, 1904 (II. S. Barber) ; Dallas, Texas, August
31, 1906 (F. C. Pratt) ; West Tampa, Florida, March 18, 1905 (H. G. Dyar) ;
Tarpum Bay, Bahamas, 1903 (T. H. Coffin }j Cayamas, Cuba, May 30 (C. F.
Baker, E. A. Schwarz).

Psorophora sayi is closely related to P. posticatus and the two have been con-
fused by most authors. They may be readily distinguished by the ornamenta-
tion of the abdomen, the present species having the venter nearly wholly pale-
scaled, while in posticatus there are broad violaceous bands. The white on the
hind tarsi varies in extent, in some specimens being restricted to the last two
joints, in others involving the apical portion of the third joint. The latter is
the common form on the mainland, while the former prevails in Cuba and the
Bahamas, but these limits are not absolute.

PSOROPHORA LUTZII (Theobald).

Janthinosoma lutzii Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 257, 1901.
Janthinosoma lutzii Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 339, 1902.

Janthinosoma lutzii Parker, Beyer and Pothier, Bull. 13, Yell. Fever Inst., TJ. S. Publ.

Health & Marine-Hosp. Serv., 37, 40, 1903.
Janthinosoma discrucians Theobald (not Walker), Mon. Culic, iii, 126, 1903.
Ianthinosoma discrucians Blanchard (not Walker), Les Moustiques, 232, 1905.
lantliinosoma lutzi Blanchard, Les Moust., 236, 1905.
Janthinosoma lutzii Goeldi, Os Mosq. no Para, 119, pi. 4, fig. 16, 1905.
Jayithinosotna lutzii Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech. Ser. No. 11, 17, 1906.
Janthirfosoyna albipcs Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 157, 1907.
Aides lutzii Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., Iii, 63, 1908.
Janthinosoma lutzi Peryassu, Os Culic. do Brazil, 152, 1908.
Janthinosoma albipes Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 120, 1910.

558

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Original Description of Janthinosoma lutzii:

Thorax black, with flat spindle-shaped bronzy-black scales in the middle and flat
spindle-shaped creamy-yellow ones forming a broad line on each side of the meso-
notum. Abdomen brilliant blue and purple, an apical yellow patch extending nearly
across each side of the segment and pale golden ventral bands. Legs metallic purple,
bases of the femora broadly pale yellowish; last two joints and apex of the ante-
penultimate tarsi of the hind legs white.

Head clothed in the middle with curved and small flat irregular golden scales
and ochraceous upright forked ones, purple at the sides; palpi and proboscis brown,
with brilliant metallic purple reflections; antennae brown.

Thorax black, with black and bronzy spindle-shaped scales, each side of the meso-
notum with golden-yellow spindle-shaped scales forming broad yellow lateral bands
with straight borders to the median dark area; scutellum dark brown, with small
bronzy -black spindle-shaped scales; metanotum black; pleurae dark brown, with
creamy-yellow flat scales.

Abdomen steely-black, covered with brilliant metallic blue and purple scales, be-
coming dusky towards its apex, with lateral apical golden patches to the segments,
more or less triangular in form, the base of the triangles being parallel to the apical
borders of the segments; first segment dark, with dusky scales and long golden-brown
hairs; venter purplish, with golden scaled apical cross-bands.

Legs metallic purple in some lights, brown in others; coxae dark with yellow
scales; fore and mid femora yellowish at the base below, hind femora with a broad
yellow basal portion; knee spot pale; last two tarsi of the hind legs creamy-white,
also the apex of the antepenultimate joint; ungues of the fore and mid legs uni-
serrated.

Wings with a brownish tinge; veins clothed with brown scales, those at the base of
the wing with purple reflections; lateral scales long, rather broader than in Culex,
apices convex ; first sub-marginal cell longer and narrower than the second posterior
cell, its base nearer the base of the wing; its stem rather less than one-third the
length of the cell, shorter than the stem of the second posterior cell, which is not
quite as long as the cell; posterior cross-vein shorter than the mid cross-vein, not
quite its own length distant from it.

Halteres with pale stem and fuscous knob.

Length. — 4 to 5 mm.

Habitat. — Itacoatiara, Lower Amazon (Austen) ; Rio de Janeiro (Lutz).
Time of capture. — February (Amazon).

Observations. — Specimens of this species have been received from Dr. Lutz and
were named by him Janthinosoma discrucians, Wlk. I have compared them with the
type in the British Museum and find they do not agree. It is clearly a new species,
which can easily be told from Walker's Culex discrucians by the last two hind tarsi
and the apex of the antepenultimate one being white and by its larger size. In C.
discrucians " the base of the fourth joint is adorned with a pale yellow band," and is
so figured by Arribalzaga (Plate IV., fig. 6). C. discruciajis is a Janthinosoma (vide
Appendix).

It might also be confused with J. musica, Say, but the honey-coloured head in that
species and the non-ornamented thorax should at once separate them. From J,
posticata it can be told by the last tarsal and apex of the penultimate one only being
white in that species.

Dr. Lutz writes me that " it occurs in damp woods and shady river shores. It
stings in the daytime. The larva is green. Common in Brazil."

Original Description of Janthinosoma discri^cians Theobald, not Culex
discrucians Walker.

Thorax deep brown, with bronzy brown median scales, with lateral pale creamy
ones. Abdomen metallic purple, with apical lateral silvery white spots; venter with
apical silvery white bands. Legs deep metallic violet, bases of the femora pale, last
two hind tarsi white.

Head black, with flat spindle-shaped creamy scales in the middle; flat, violet,
yellow and black scales laterally and narrow brown upright forked-scales; palpi,
proboscis and antennae deep blackish-brown. Thorax black, with narrow curved
black scales in the middle of the mesonotum and flat spindle-shaped creamy ones at
the sides; scutellum black, with five black bristles to the mid lobe; metanotum deep
brown; pleurae black, with flat creamy white scales. Abdomen metallic violet, with
apical lateral creamy white patches to all the segments except the last, the lateral
patches most prominent on the apical segments; venter with apical bands of creamy
white scales; posterior border-bristles black.

PSOROPHORA LUTZII

559

Legs unhanded, deep brown with violet reflections; coxae brown, bases of the
femora pallid yellowish, last two tarsi of the hind legs white, fore and mid ungues
uniserrated. Wings rather short; first sub-marginal cell a little longer and narrower
than the second posterior cell, its base nearer the base of the wing than that of the
second posterior, its stem about half the length of the cell; stem of the second pos-
terior nearly as long as the cell; posterior cross-vein about its own length distant
from the mid cross-vein; halteres with pale stem and black knob.

Length. — 3.8 to 4 mm.

Time of capture. — December, in Trinidad (Urich).

Habitat. — South America (Walker); Trinidad, at Aqua Santa (F. W. Urich).

Observations. — The types of J and $ in the British Museum are in very bad con-
dition; the 9 has no legs nor abdomen, and the specimens are much faded.

The specimens from which this description is drawn up are perfect. There is one
small difference seen in the type, namely, that the posterior cross-vein is nearer to
the mid than in the Trinidad specimens. The central thoracic scales are also bronzy,
whilst in the specimens described here they are deep brown, but this is due to fading
in the type.

Arribalzaga's J. discrucians is larger, being 6 mm. His species has been sent over
by Dr. Lutz, and was re-named by Colonel Giles J. Arribalzagae; the type, a 2. is in
the Museum. Giles is quite wrong in saying the true discrucians has an unadorned
thorax; the type shows it just as described here.

Original Description of Janthinosoma albipes:

Janthinosoma discrucians. Theobald (non Walker).

Mono. Culicid. III., p. 126 (1903), Theobald; Les Moustiques, p. 232 (1905),
Blanchard; Class. Mosq. N. and M. Amer. Tech. Se. 11, U. S. Dept. Agri., p. 17 (1906),
Coquillett.

This proves to be a new species and not discrucians. Walker, a mistake having
arisen owing to the type (J) not agreeing with Walker's description.

Additional localities. — Fort Logan, H. Roots, Arkansas (Miss Ludlow).

Coquillett would sink this as a synonym of J. lutzii. Theobald, but the latter is
quite distinct, having a different ornate thorax and the apex of the second hind
tarsal also white.

Description of Female of Psoropiiora lutzii (Male and Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis rather long, slender, cylindrical, not enlarged at apex,
labellse conic-ally tapered, with a few outstanding seta;; vestiture deep black with
a blue reflection in certain lights. Palpi about one-fifth as long as proboscis,
scales black with a blue reflection, a few rather long black bristles. Antenna;
moderate, the segments subequal, blackish, pilose ; tori subspherical, with a cup-
shaped hollow tip, smooth, blackish, a few white scales on inner side; second
segment slightly thickened, pale on its basal portion ; hairs of whorls sparse,
black. Clypeus prominent, elongate, elliptical, nude, shining, blackish. Eyes
black. Occiput roundedly prominent, blackish, densely clothed with broad, flat,
pale-yellow scales, small, upright, forked, pale yellow scales intermixed pos-
teriorly, a small patch of blue-black ones at middle of each side; a row of black
bristles near margins of eyes, some pale ones projecting at the vertex.

Prothoracic lobes rather large, remote, black, a sparse covering of pale-yellow
scales throughout and numerous black bristles. Mesonotum with black mem-
brane; a broad dorsal area widening posteriorly, clothed with lanceolate deep
brown scales and small black bristles; sides of disk densely clothed with small
elliptical, pale ochreous yellow scales, many short golden bristles at roots of
wings. Scutellum trilobate, the median lobe prominent, black with elliptical
brown scales, each lobe with about eight black bristles. Postnotum roundedly
prominent, nude, blackish brown. Pleurae blackish, clothed for the most part
with dense, flat creamy white scales; coxa; of fore and mid legs blackish, with
a row of black bristles, those of hind legs with a row of pale bristles, each with a
patch of flat pale-yellow scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, posterior segments rapidly tapering ; dorsal vestiture
of blue-black scales, with large, triangular patches of yellowish ones on posterior
angles of the segments, small on the last; first segment with a central patch of
yellowish scales and many pale seta1: venter with vestiture blue-black at bases

560

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

of segments, narrowly or rather broadly pale yellow on apices : bristles rather
numerous, blackish.

Wings rather broad, membrane with a very faint smoky tinge; petiole of
second marginal cell about half as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell
somewhat shorter than its cell ; basal cross-vein less than its own length from
anterior cross- vein; veins blackish, their scales brownish black, dense and the
outstanding ones narrowly lanceolate and blunt at tips.

Legs moderately long and slender; femora clothed with violet-black scales
outwardly, pale yellow below next the base, the hind ones whole pale golden
scaled on basal three-fourths ; knees silvery white-scaled ; vestiture of tibiae and
tarsi of black scales with faint violaceous luster; posterior tibiae and first two
tarsal joints with the scales dense and suberect; otherwise the vestiture is
smooth ; last two joints of hind tarsi white. In some specimens the apex of the
third joint also is white. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wings 4 mm.

We have no observations upon life history and habits. The adults have been
captured in the daytime while attempting to bite. Mr. Knab caught two on a
railroad train in tropical Mexico.

Tropical America from Brazil to Mexico, exclusive of the Antilles.

Sao Paulo, Brazil (A. Lutz) ; Bupununi, British Guiana (K. S. Wise) ; Trini-
dad, West Indies, June, 1905 (A. Busck) ; Caldera Island. Porto Bello Bay,
Panama (A. H. Jennings) ; Rio Cascajal, Panama (A. H. Jennings) ; Taber-
nilla, Canal Zone, Panama, May 13, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Bocas del Toro,
Panama; Bluefields, Nicaragua (W. F. Thornton) ; Puerto Cortez, Honduras,
September 10, 1903 (Dr. Eeilly) ; Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, Guate-
mala, April 2 to 8, 1906 (Sehwarz & Barber) ; Puerto Barrios, Guatemala;
Livingston, Guatemala, May 5, 1906 (H. S. Barber) ; Polochic River, Guate-
mala, June 2, 1907 (A. McLachlan) ; Ceiba, Honduras, August 20, 1903 (D. P.
Albers) ; Santa Lucrecia, Mexico, June 21, 1905 (P. Knab) ; Santa Cruz, State
of Vera Cruz, Mexico, June 17, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Coatzacoalcos, Mexico (A.
Duges) ; Palizada, Mexico, October 5, 1903 (A. Duges).

Theobald originally identified certain specimens as Walker's discrucians and
described them under that name. Later he recognized that they were distinct
from discrucians and proposed the new name albipes for them. The specimens
mentioned under the description of discrucians are from Trinidad, and the sub-
sequent citiation of a specimen from Arkansas does not affect the type locality,
which is Trinidad. Theobald previously described lutzii from Brazil, and it is
the same species as albipes, the synonymy having been determined by Coquillett.
However, Theobald objected to it (Mon. Culic, iv, 157) saying it "... is
quite distinct, having a different ornate thorax and the apex of the second hind
tarsal also white." The difference in the ornamentation of the thorax is given
thus :

Thorax with a broad yellow-scaled area on each side lutzii Theobald

Thorax with creamy lateral scales albipes Theobald

Now, North American specimens have " creamy " scales, not the South Ameri-
can, which have these scales " yellow." It is evident that Theobald wrongly
founded his definition of albipes upon the Arkansas specimen (which belongs to
our species horridus), whereas the type locality is Trinidad. We therefore con-
firm the synonymy established by Coquillett, placing discrucians Theobald (not
Walker) and albipes Theobald as synonyms of lutzii Theobald. The presence
or absence of white at the apex of the third joint of the hind tarsi, as in other
species, is due merely to variation and can not be employed as a specific
character.

PSOROPHORA HORRIDUS

561

PSOROPHORA HORRIDUS (Dyar & Knab).

Janthinosoma lutzii Felt (not Theobald), Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 471, pi. v, fig. 2,
1904.

Janthinosoma lutzii Coquillett (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 17.
1906.

Janthinosoma albipes Theobald (in part), Mon. Culicid., iv, 157, 1907.
Aedes horridus Dyar & Knab, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxv, 56, 1908.
Aedes horridus Thibault, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xii, 18, 1910.
Janthinosoma albipes Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, v, 120, 1910.
Aedes horridus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 620, 1910.

Original Description of Aedes horridus :

Proboscis and palpi clothed with violet-black scales; occiput whitish-scaled, with a
violet-black spot at the side; mesonotum broadly yellowish white-scaled at the sides,
a band of deep brown scales occupying about one-third of the width of the disk and
extending back to the antescutellar space, the lateral yellowish white scales sur-
rounding the antescutellar space behind; scutellum yellowish white-scaled; post-
scutellum densely yellowish white-scaled; abdomen above violet blue with lateral
apical yellowish spots on all but the last segments, beneath yellowish-scaled, the
seventh segment with basal violet scales, eighth segment entirely violet-scaled.
Legs deep violet-scaled, the basal two-thirds of the femora yellowish, the knees
silvery white, the hind legs with the scales on the tibiae and tarsi roughened, sub-
erect, the last two joints white. Length, 4.5 mm.

Fifty-six specimens: Victoria, Texas, May 31 (W. E. Hinds); Cypress Bayou,
Texas, August 23, 1903 (J. D. Mitchell); Greenville, Texas, June 30, 1904 (H. S.
Barber); Dallas, Texas, June 28 (H. S. Barber); Dennison, Texas, June 24 (H. S.
Barber); Westpoint, Mississippi, August 11, 1904 (H. S. Barber); Corinth, Missis-
sippi, August 14 (H. S. Barber) ; Jackson, Mississippi, August 8, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ;
Vanburen, Arkansas, July 6, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Fort Smith, Arkansas, July 8 (H.
S. Barber) ; Little Rock, Arkansas, July 11, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Danville, Arkansas,
July 10 (H. S. Barber); Helena, Arkansas, July 30 (H. S. Barber); Chattanooga,
Tennessee, August 20, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Rives, Tennessee, July 27 (H. S. Barber) ;
Wister, Oklahoma, July 2 (H. S. Barber); Woodstock, Virginia, August 4, 1904
(F. C. Pratt) ; Plummer's Island, Maryland, July 18, 1904 (R. P. Currie).

Type— Cat. No. 11999, U. S. N. M.

This species has been identified heretofore as Janthinosoma lutzii Theobald and
Janthinosoma albipes Theobald, but differs obviously from these more southern
forms.

Description of Female and Egg of Psorophora horridus (Male and Larva Un-
known) :

Female. — Proboscis rather long and slender, uniform, a little thickened
towards base, labellse long and conical ; vestiture of dense blue-black scales and
very small yellowish setae, those on labella? prominent, outstanding, black.
Palpi about one-fourth the length of proboscis, clothed with blue-black rough
scales and rather long black bristles. Antennas slender, rather long, segments
pilose, second segment slightly longer and stouter than succeeding one ; hairs of
whorls sparse and rather long ; tori globose, blackish, with a cup-shaped, luteous
apical depression, a patch of whitish scales on inner side. Clypeus promi-
nent, elliptical, nude, shining, brownish black. Eyes violet black. Occiput
densely clothed with very broad, curved yellowish-white scales, many long and
slender, pale, erect forked scales, densest on nape, a patch of flat violet black
ones at middle of each side ; coarse blackish bristles along margins of eyes, some
pale ones projecting at the vertex.

Prothoracic lobes rather large, brown, sparsely clothed with broad, curved
whitish scales throughout and with numerous brown bristles. Mesonotum black,
with a broad median stripe uniformly clothed with narrow, brownish-black
scales and short black bristles; anterior edge narrowly and sides of disk
broadly clothed with large, very broad, nearly flat yellowish-white scales and
numerous rather short blackish bristles ; at the sides of the ante-scutellar area
the scaling is densely yellowish white. Scutellum trilobate, brown, clothed
with flat yellowish-white scales, the lobes with black bristles. Postnotum ellip-
tical, prominent, nude, blackish brown with a slight pruinosity. Pleura? black-

562

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

ish, clothed with milk-white scales; fore and hind coxae pale testaceous, with
white scales and many pale bristles ; mid coxae brown, with a few white scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, tapered posteriorly, cerci prominent, pro-
jecting; dorsal vestiture of deep violet-blue scales, sides with large apical, tri-
angular, yellowish-white spots, largest on sixth segment; venter yellowish-
white scaled, the sixth segment violet-blue scaled at base, the seventh entirely
violet blue.

Wings rather large and ample, membrane faintly infuscated, more distinctly
so towards costa; petiole of second marginal cell much shorter than the cell,
that of second posterior cell about as long as its cell ; basal cross-vein consider-
ably less than its own length from anterior cross-vein ; veins dark brown ; scales
brown with a violet luster, the outstanding ones on apical half of wing broadly
linear or ligulate. Halteres vellowish, the knobs white scaled.

Legs rather long and slender; femora yellowish basally, hind pair clothed
with yellowish-white scales to apical third, which is deep violet; mid femora
deep-violet scaled nearly to base ; knees narrowly silvery white scaled ; tibia? and
tarsi deep violet scaled with metallic luster; scales on hind tibiae and first two
tarsal joints roughened; last two joints of hind tarsi white, and sometimes also
the apex of the third joint. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

No specimens of the male are before us.

Male genitalia (plate 21, fig. 147) : Side-pieces nearly three times as long as
wide, tips conically tapered. Clasp-filament much swollen on outer two-thirds,
tip small, with a terminal claw. Harpes concave with revolute inner margin,
tip bent and minutely dentate. Harpagones with long slender stem, tip ex-
panded and bearing six setae and two curled filaments. Unci forming a basal
cone.

Life history unknown. The habits of the adults are as in Psoropliora sayi.

Egg (plate 146, fig. 673). — Fusiform, somewhat flattened on one side, rather
long; sculpture of elongate, hexagonal reticulations, from the micropylar end
of each arises a stout recumbent spine, about two-thirds the length of the
reticulation.

Southern United States.

Victoria, Texas, May, 31 (W. E. Hinds) ; Cypress Bayou, Texas, August 23,

1903 (J. D. Mitchell) ; Greenville, Texas, June 30, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Dallas,
Texas, June 24, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Westpoint. Mississippi, August 11, 1904
(H. S. Barber) ; Corinth, Mississippi, August 14, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Jack-
son, Mississippi, August 8, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Vanburen, Arkansas, Julv 6,

1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Fort Smith, Arkansas, July 8, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ;
Little Bock, Arkansas, July 11, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Danville, Arkansas, Julv
10, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Helena, Arkansas, July 30, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ;
Scott, Arkansas, July 11, 1908 (J. K. Thibault, Jr.) ; Chattanooga, Tennessee,
July 27, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Wister, Indian Territory, July 2, 1904 (H. S.
Barber) ; Woodstock, Virginia, August 4, 1904 (F. C. Pratt) ; Plummets
Island, Maryland, July 18, 1904 (B. P. Currie) ; Washington, District of Co-
lumbia, July 21, 1909 (T. Pergande). Also recorded from Fort Logan H.
Boots, Arkansas (Theobald).

The only male specimen of this species which we have had was dissected by
Dr. E. P. Felt and unfortunately destroyed, so that we have been unable to pre-
pare a description of that sex. This species has been generally confused with
Psoropliora lutzii. While it agrees in the central dark stripe of the mesonotum
and the tarsal coloration, there are obvious and constant differences between
the two.

PSOROPHORA CHAMPERICO

563

PSOROPHORA CHAMPERICO (Dyar & Knab).

Janthinosoma champerico Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 134, 1906.
Janthinosoma champerico Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 603, 1910.

Original Description of Janthinosoma champerico:

Hind legs with raised scales; last two joints of hind tarsi white; abdomen all
yellow scaled below; else as in /. lutzii Theobald.

One specimen, Champerico, Guatemala (F. Knab).

Type.— Cat. No. 9968, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Description of Female of Psorophora champerico (Male and Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis slender, rather long, uniform, labellse conical and a little
thickened at base ; clothed with dense blue-black scales and very small black setae,
those on labella? more prominently outstanding. Palpi about one-third as long
as proboscis, clothed with blue-black scales and rather long bristles. Antenna?
slender, rugose, pilose, blackish ; second segment yellowish, smooth and slightly
thickened on basal two-thirds, slightly longer than the succeeding ones ; tori
subspherical, with a cup-shaped hollow at tip, pale without, blackish within.
Clypeus elliptical, prominent, convex, blackish, nude. Eyes blue black. Occi-
put roundedly prominent, clothed with broad, curved golden yellow scales,
many upright, forked yellow scales on the nape, some very narrow scattered
ones before, a patch of flat black ones at middle of each side; coarse blackish
bristles along margins of eyes, a tuft of yellow ones projecting at vertex.

Prothoracic lobes rather large, blackish, sparsely clothed with broad, curved
golden-yellow scales throughout and numerous blackish bristles. Mesonotum
black ; a broad median stripe widening posteriorly, rather uniformly clothed
with narrow brownish-black scales and rows of sparse, short black bristles :
anterior edge narrowly and sides of disk broadly clothed with broad, curved
golden-yellow scales and numerous rather short black bristles, a short line of
broad, curved golden-yellow scales on each side at base near ante-scutellar bare
space. Scutellum trilobate, blackish brown, sparsely clothed with broad golden -
yellow scales, each lobe with a group of brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical,
prominent, nude, blackish brown with a slight whitish pruinosity. Pleura?
blackish, largely covered by dense, flat, elliptical pale-golden scales. Fore and
hind coxa? pale testaceous, with a few pale-golden scales and many pale bristles :
mid coxa? blackish, with blue-black scales and black bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, posterior segments distinctly tapered ; cerci promi-
nently projecting; dorsal vestiture of small violet-black scales, the sides ob-
liquely golden-yellow scaled ; first segment clothed dorsally with flattened pale-
yellow scales and with many fine pale seta? ; venter densely clothed with flat
golden-yellow scales, continuously at base, further on with small median patches
of blue-black scales at bases of segments, which become larger distally, the
seventh segment being almost wholly black below.

Wings rather narrow, the membrane faintly infuscated, more distinctly so
towards costa ; petiole of second marginal cell but a little shorter than the cell,
that of second posterior cell considerably longer than cell ; basal cross-vein con-
siderably less than its own length from anterior cross-vein; veins blackish, the
scales brown with violet luster, the outstanding ones on apical half of wing
broadly linear. Halteres with a pale stem and brownish knob and silvery
scales at apex.

Legs long and slender ; femora basally yellow, the hind ones clothed with
small golden scales to apical fourth, mixed with a few black ones dorsally, the
distal part violet-black ; knees narrowly white ; front and middle femora mostly
violet-black scaled; tibia? and tarsi violet black, vestiture on outer half of pos-
terior tibia? and on the first three tarsal joints dense and partly erected ; last two

564

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

hind tarsal joints and minute tip of third joint white. Claw formula,
1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 7.5 mm. ; wings 6 mm.

Life history and habits unknown.

Guatemala to Panama.

Champerico, Guatemala, August 3, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Tabernilla, Canal Zone,
Panama, September 3, 1908 (A. H. Jennings).

Psorophora champerico is rare, only two specimens from widely separated
localities having come to hand. The species is remarkable for its large size,
much exceeding any of the others in the Janthinosoma group, and we suspect
that the larva will prove to be predaceous.

PSOROPHORA MEXICANUS (Bellardi).

Culex mexicanus Bellardi, Mem. R. Accad. Sci. dl Torino, Ser. 2, xix, 205, 1859.
Culex mexicanus Bellardi, Saggio Ditterol. Messic, i, 5, 1859.
Lepidosia mexicana Coquillett, TJ. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 16, 1906.
Lepidosia mexicanus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 627, 1910.

Original Description of Culex mexicanus :

Femm. Violaceo-fuscus, metallicus. Capite parvulo, subsphaerico ; vertice setu-
loso, setulis nigris; fronte fusca, lata; facie et palpis violaceo-metallicis ; antennis
fuscis, capite et thorace longioribus, articulis subaequalibus, tomentosis, ad basim
longe setulosis; proboscide longa, ad basim fusca, ad apicem nigra; occipite squa-
moso, squamis flavo-aureis. Thorace fusco-nitido, squamoso, squamis aureis; pleuris
et pectore pallidis, maculis fusco-violaceis, nitidis; margine postico scutelli setuloso,
setulis nigris in tres penicillos dispositis ; halteribus flavis, ad apicem fuscis. Abdo-
mine violaceo, metallico; lateribus abdominis et ventre squamosis, squamis aureis.
Pedibus longis, posticis longioribus ; femoribus ad basim anticis parum, posterioribus
late flavis, ad apicem violaceo-nigris, metallicis ; tibiis et tarsis violaceo-nigris, metal-
licis; ultimo tarsorum posticorum articulo lacteo; tibiis et tarsis posticis dense nigro-
tomentosis. Alis fuscis; nervis squamosis, squamis fuscis.

Lunghezza del corpo * 6 mm. — Lunghezza delle ali distese 11 mm.

Molte sono le specie esotiche di questo genere gia conosciute; fra queste hanno
maggiore analogia colla presente il C. posticatus Wied., G. longipes Fabr., G. violaceus
Wied. e C. splendens Wied. II Culex mexicanus peraltro si distingue assai facilmente
da queste specie per le seguenti sue proprieta: per le squame dorate dell'addome e
del ventre dal C. posticatus e dal C. longipes; per 1'ultimo articolo dei tarsi posteriori
solamente bianco dal G. violaceus e. dal C. spendens, imperocche i piedi del primo non
hanno parti bianche, e la base di tutti i tarsi del secondo e bianca.

Messico (Salle).

Collezioni del Museo zoologico di Parigi e Bellardi.

* Nella lunghezza totale del corpo non si tien conto ne delle antenne, ne della proboscide; la
lunghezza data delle ali nota la distanza interposta fra i due apici delle ali, considerando queste
come distese e preparate.

Description of Female of Psorophora mexicanus (Male and Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis moderate, cylindrical, slender, uniform, labellae conically
tapered ; vestiture of dark scales with a dark-blue reflection, setse rather numer-
ous but very small, those on labellae more prominently outstanding. Palpi over
one-fourth as long as proboscis, with blue-black scales and rather short bristles.
Antennae with the segments subequal, coarsely pilose, blackish; second joint a
little longer and thicker than the others but similar ; tori subspherical, with a
cup-shaped apical excavation, blackish, shining; hairs of whorls sparse, rather
long, black. Clypeus rather broadly elliptical, convex, shining black, nude.
Byes bronzy black. Occiput narrow, convex, blackish, vestiture of very broad,
flat, dull silvery scales, densest along ocular margins, yellowish brown upright-
forked ones behind; bristles near ocular margins rather numerous, blackish
with pale tips.

Prothoracic lobes moderate, remote, black, clothed with broad, flat silvery
scales and numerous brown-tipped bristles. Mesonotum black, rather uniformly

PSOROPHORA PAZOSI

565

covered with broad, curved yellowish-silvery scales mixed with grayish ones,
more especially in a pair of indistinct submedian longitudinal stripes and a
short pair basally at sides of ante-scutellar space; bristles numerous, short,
black. Scutellum trilobate, blackish, with broad dull-silvery scales and a group
of black bristles on each lobe. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, shining, black-
ish, nude. Pleurae black, densely clothed in the middle with flat white scales ;
coxa? blackish, with patches of white scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, posterior segments abruptly tapering ;
dorsal vestiture of metallic dark violaceous scales, lateral quadrate patches of
flat white scales on posterior angles of segments which extend well onto the
dorsum ; venter with apical segmental white bands, basal portions blue black, the
seventh segment entirely black ; first segment clothed dorsally with flat white
scales and with many pale bristles.

Wings moderate, hyaline with an iridescent reflection; petiole of second
marginal cell shorter than its cell, that of second posterior about equal to its
cell ; basal cross-vein about its own length distant from anterior cross-vein ;
veins dark brown, scales dull brown, the outstanding ones rather broadly
ligulate. Halteres pale, with brownish tips.

Legs moderately long, without any outstanding scales; hind femora largely
pale yellowish, a few black scales above, apical fourth blue black, extreme tips
white; fore and mid femora nearly wholly blue-black scaled, the knees white;
all the tibia? and tarsi blue black, last joint of hind tarsals white, the penulti-
mate joint white scaled at its base. Ciaw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Life history and habits unknown.

Mexico.

Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico, July 5, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Salina Cruz, Oaxaca,
Mexico, July 10, 1905 (F. Knab).

Blanchard thought that Culex mexicanus Bellardi was identical with Culex
musicus Say, and the latter name being preoccupied, applied the name Jan-
thinosoma mexicamim to the species we call sayi (Les Moust., 234, 1905).

PSOROPHORA PAZOSI (Pazos).

Aedes pazosi Pazos, Anal. Acad. Cien. Med., fis. y nat. de la Habana, xlv, 432, 1908.
Aedes pazosi Dyar & Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., Hi, 253, 1909.
Aedes pazosi Pazos, San. y Ben., ii, 46, 192, 1909.

Original Description of Aedes pazosi:

Female. — Occiput with golden scales. Mesonotum with broad, flat, golden scales.
Abdomen dark violet blue above, with lateral triangular apical segmental spots of
golden scales, venter golden-scaled. Legs dark violet blue, the scales on the hind
tibiae and tarsi not erect or roughened, last two hind tarsal joints white, the fourth
joint marked with black beneath nearly throughout. Wing-scales brown.

One specimen, Vuelta-Abajo, Cuba (J. H. Pazos).

Type no. 12117, U. S. N. M.

Named in honor of the collector, Dr. J. H. Pazos.
Description of Female and Male of Psorophora pazosi (Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis rather long, uniform, labellse conically tapered ; vesti-
ture black ; setae minute, curved, black, those on labellaa more prominently out-
standing. Palpi moderate, over one-fourth the length of the proboscis, clothed
with dark metallic-blue scales and with a few rather short black seta}. Clypeus
rounded triangular, prominent, brown, nude. Antennas slender, with the joints
subequal, rugose, pilose, black; second joint somewhat swollen towards base,
basal third luteous ; hairs of whorls sparse, moderate, black; tori subspherical,
with a 'cup-shaped apical excavation, brownish luteous, dark within. Eyes black.
Occiput dark brown in front, luteous posteriorly, clothed anteriorly with broad,
flat white scales, medianly and posteriorly with golden scales, a large patch of

566

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

black ones oil each side subdorsally ; rather small, narrow, truncate, erect and
suberect golden-yellow scales on the occiput ; a row of black setae along margins
of eyes, a few yellow ones projecting at vertex.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with broad, flat whitish
scales and brown bristles. Mesonotuni deep brown, clothed with broad flat scales,
dark brown and golden yellow nearly evenly intermixed. Scutellum trilobate,
brown, clothed with scales similar to those of the mesonotum, each lobe with a
group of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, brown, nude. Pleurae
dark brown and luteous, densely clothed in the middle with flat silvery-white
scales ; front and hind coxa? luteous, with patches of broad, flat white scales and
rows of brown bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly, clothed above with submetallic
violet-blue scales, apices of segments with lateral triangular large yellow spots
reaching anterior borders of segments; first segment clothed dorsally with
brownish scales and with many pale seta? ; venter entirely yellow scaled with a
metallic luster.

Wings rather narrow, slightly infuscated, particularly towards the costa and
along basal portion of fourth vein ; petiole of second marginal cell more than
half as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell ; basal
cross- vein distant less than its own length from anterior cross-vein; scales of
veins blackish, those on costa with a blue reflection, outstanding ones narrowly
lanceolate, densest on forks of second vein. Halteres pale, with darker white-
scaled knobs.

Legs rather long, vestiture dark violet blue ; front and hind femora yellow at
bases and beneath nearly to tips ; mid femora blue scaled to base; knees silvery-
white scaled ; tibiae and tarsi entirely smooth, blue black, last two joints of the
hind tarsi white above, fourth joint black-marked beneath in an interrupted
stripe, the black forming a very narrow apical ring at tip of joint. Claw
formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, slender, slightly thickened at apex. Palpi long,
exceeding the proboscis by nearly the length of the last two joints ; end of long
joint and last two joints somewhat thickened and bearing long blackish hairs ;
vestiture blue-black, a rather broad white ring devoid of scales at the false
articulation before middle of long joint. Antenna? plumose; last two joints
blackish, ciliate, the others short, whitish, with blackish rings at insertions of
the hair-whorls; hairs of whorls long, moderately dense, black. Coloration
similar to the female. Wings narrower than in the female, the fork-cells shorter,
the vestiture sparser. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing, 3.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 21, fig. 148) : Side-pieces about twice as long as wide,
the tips conically tapered; clasp-filament broadly expanded in the middle,
a short, stout, inserted terminal spine. Harpes concave, with revolute margins,
the tips pointed and bent. Harpagones long, far exceeding the harpes, their
tips narrowly expanded, bearing a row of stout seta? and two terminal filaments,
one disk-shaped, the other curled. Unci forming a long-pointed basal cone.

Life history and habits unknown.

Cuba.

San Cristobal (J. H. Pazos) ; Vuelta-Abajo (J. H. Pazos).

We have been obliged to credit the authorship of this species to Dr. Pazos,
since he published a photograph of it, together with the manuscript name, which
had been sent him, in advance of the appearance of the description by Dyar and
Knab. The general coloration is very similar to Psorophora sayi, but the
absence of suberect scales from the hind tibiae and tarsi will at once distin-
guish it.

rSOKOPHORA CYANESCENS

567

PSOROPHORA CYANESCENS (Coquillett).

Culex cyanescens Coquillett, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., x, 137, 1902.

Feltidia cyanescens Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiii, 55, 1905.

Feltidia cyanescens Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 47, 1905.

Lepidosia cyanescens Coquillett, Science, n. s., xxiii, 314, 1906.

Lepidosia cyanescens Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 16, 1906.

Aedes cyanescens Thibault, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xii, 17, 1910.

Lepidosia cyanescens Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 627, 1910.

Original Description of Culex cyanescens:

Black, the stems of the halteres and the femora except their apices, yellow; occiput
rather densely covered with broad, appressed, yellow scalps and narrow, upright,
yellow ones changing to black at the sides and posterior edge, a spot of violet blue
appressed scales near middle of each outer edge of the occiput; palpi covered with
broad, appressed, violet blue scales; mesonotum and scutellum rather densely covered
with broad, appressed, brassy yellow scales, the pleura with whitish ones; abdomen
densely covered with deep blue scales, the posterior angles of each segment, whole
of the first and of the venter covered with brassy yellow scales, the spots at the pos-
terior angles of the segments considerably produced forward at their inner ends;
scales at apices of femora, on hind tibiae and front side of the others, also on tarsi,
violet blue; tarsal claws large, one-toothed; wings grayish hyaline, veins chiefly
blue, lateral scales narrow and elongate, petiole of first submarginal cell four-fifths
as long as the cell, posterior cross-vein about its own length from the small; length,
4 to 5.5 mm.

Habitat: Brownsville, Texas.

Tijpe: Cat. No. 6308, U. S. N. M.

Six females collected in May and on June 4.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Psorophora cyanescens:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, cylindrical, slender, uniform ; labellae stout and
rather long; vestiture of dense blue-black scales, setae curved and very small,
those on labellaa prominently outstanding. Palpi rather more than one-fourth
the length of the proboscis, stout, clothed with metallic blue-black scales, the
set* small. Antenna; rather stout ; joints subequal, rugose, black, densely pale
pilose, second joint dull luteous, slightly swollen ; tori brown, with a patch of
whitish scales on inner side ; hairs of whorls short and sparse. Clypeus elliptical,
prominent, shining blackish, nude. Eyes black. Occiput blackish, short, con-
vex, clothed with broad, curved soiled-whitish scales, a patch of dark violet ones
at the sides, some yellowish, narrow, erect forked ones behind; bristles near
ocular margins rather short, black, some whitish ones projecting at vertex.

Prothoracic lobes moderate, brown, clothed with broad, curved soiled-silvery
scales and rather numerous short dark bristles. Mesonotum black, vestiture of
dense, broad curved soiled-silvery scales intermixed with some narrower brown
ones with slight blue reflection, especially on center of disk but not forming any
defined pattern ; no bare stripes ; bristles numerous, short, blackish. Scu-
tellum trilobate, blackish, each lobe with a few soiled-silvery scales and with
about ten pale bristles. Postnotum elliptical, convex, black with a dull prui-
nosity, nude. Pleurae blackish, rather densely clothed with broadly elliptical
sordid white scales; coxas luteous, with whitish scales and black bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, posterior segments distinctly tapering, dorsum de-
pressed ; vestiture dorsally of dark metallic violet-blue scales, with pale-golden,
broad apical bands, narrowed towards the sides, interrupted in the middle on
all but the first two segments ; at the sides the bands are produced forward and
become confluent along sides of basal segments; venter yellowish-white scaled,
the seventh segment dark violaceous.

Wings rather broad, hyaline with a slight smoky tinge along anterior border,
the membrane with an iridescent reflection ; petiole of second marginal cell
about as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell somewhat longer; basal
cross-vein much less than its own length distant from anterior cross-vein ; veins

568

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

dark brown; scales black, the outstanding ones broadly linear and ligulate.
Halteres pale, with blackish knobs, a patch of white scales at tips.

Legs moderately long, a few scales at apices of posterior tibiae obliquely out-
standing; femora yellow, with small golden scales, a line on upper side and
an apical ring of blue-black scales; knees very narrowly silvery-white scaled:
tibia? and tarsi entirely clothed with appressed blue-black scales and short, stiff
black bristles. Claw formula, 1.1—1.1—1.1.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing, 4 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, slender. Palpi long, exceeding the proboscis by
nearly the length of the last two joints, which are both stout and swollen ;
membrane blackish, vestiture entirely of metallic violaceous scales, apex of
long joint and last two joints with many long black hairs. Antenna? plumose :
last two joints long and pilose, the others short, pale, with broad dark rings at
insertions of the hair-whorls; hairs of whorls long, dense, brown. Coloration
similar to the female. Abdomen elongate, depressed, with long and abundant
black lateral ciliation. Hind tibise with rather sparse long and prominently
outstanding scales ; many long hairs on femora, tibise, and tarsi. Wings nar-
rower than in the female, without brownish costal tinge, the veins paler brown,
the stems of the fork-cells longer. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-1.1.

Length : Body 6 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 22, fig. 158) : Side-pieces with conical tips, rather more than
twice as long as broad, without apical or basal lobes. Clasp-filament swollen
beyond middle, the enlargement on the inner side, marked in a reticulate pattern
and fringed on inner aspect with minute seta? and short denticles ; a rather long
terminal articulated spine. Harpes laminate, elliptical, outer margins thick-
ened and revolute with several small apical dentations. Harpagones long, with
a slender ligulate base and expanded fan-shaped tip bearing a row of eight stout
seta? from produced bases. Unci approximate at tips, elliptical, flat, both mar-
gins revolute, a group of small spines below base of side-pieces on either side.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 116, fig. 400). — Head rounded, transverse, somewhat
elliptical, not widened through eyes; antenna? large, stout, minutely densely
spined, a two-haired tuft near middle, terminal seta? short; dorsal head-hairs
single, ante-antennal tufts in threes. Lateral comb of eighth segment of four
large scales on a weak chitinous plate, each scale broad, with spines at corners
and a long central spine. Air-tube inflated, fusiform, with three separated pecten
teeth near base; a long hair on each side at tip arising from lateral respiratory
flap. Anal segment a little longer than wide, ringed by a chitinous band ; dorsal
tufts of a long hair and tuft on each side ; ventral brush continued along ventral
line nearly to base. Anal gills long, equal, pointed.

The eggs are black and laid singly, according to the observations of Mr. W.
E. Hinds. The larva? develop in temporary puddles immediately after rains.
Mr. Thibault gives the following account of the adults :

" Very abundant in suitable localities after rains, in fields, thickets, and about
dwellings. Does not enter dwellings. The appearance of this mosquito im-
mediately after rains is so strikingly characteristic that even people who never
pay much attention to such things notice it. They are out in force for several
days after a rain and then only a few will be found until the next rain.

" The most annoying of all mosquitoes when occurring abundantly, not only
to human beings, but to all kinds of stock. They are very persistent and hard
to kill unless you hit them a real hard blow. The only mosquito, so far as I
know, that will at all times come out into the sunshine on the very hottest days
and bite. They gorge themselves until they literally fall to the ground, almost
unable to fly at all. They never voluntarily quit biting, but stay in the same
place for hours (on horses especially) until literally pulled off. In this way

PSOROPHORA DISCRUCIANS

569

they travel for miles on horses and cattle. In September of this year they made
cotton picking and road work impossible in places here. They stay in grass and
bushes and as soon as these are disturbed they sally forth in swarms. I have sat
quietly for an hour where I knew them to be abundant and scarcely saw one, but
when I would get up and walk around and shake up the grass and bushes and
then sit down again they would immediately cover me. This is partly true of all
the out-of-doors mosquitoes. Abundant at intervals from last of May till
October."

Southwestern United States, western Mexico and Yucatan, northern Co-
lombia, principally in dry regions.

Wellington, Kansas, May, 1908 (E. 0. G. Kelly) ; Fort Smith, Arkansas, July
8, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Vanburen, Arkansas, July 6, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ;
Scott, Arkansas, July 17, 1908 (J. K. Thibault, Jr.) ; Shreveport, Louisiana,
June 23, 1905 (H. A. Morgan) ; Roosevelt, Texas, September 16, 1906 (P. C.
Pratt) ; Clarkeville, Texas, August 29, 1905 (P. E. Jones) ; Dallas, Texas,
August 31, 1906 (P. C. Pratt) ; Austin, Texas, August 8, 1903 (A. W. Morrill) ;
Hetty, Texas, July 10, 1904 (F. C. Bishopp) ; Paris, Texas, June 17, 1907 (F.
C. Bishopp) ; Cotulla, Texas, April 15, 1907 (F. C. Pratt) ; Victoria, Texas,
September 14, 1903 (W. E. Hinds) ; Dallas, Texas, May 12, 1906 (A. W.
Morrill) ; Brownsville, Texas, May 13, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Nautla, State of
Jalisco, Mexico (A. Duges) ; Salina Cruz, State of Oaxaca, Mexico, July 9,
1905 (F. Knab) ; Tehuantepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico, June 29, 1905 (F.
Knab) ; Yucatan, Mexico (A. L. Herrera) ; Santa Marta, Colombia (J. H.
Egbert).

PSOROPHORA DISCRUCIANS (Walker).

Culex discrucians Walker, Ins. Saund., 430, 1856.

Janthinosoma discrucians Arribalzaga, Rev. Mus. de La Plata, ii, 153, 1891.
Culex discrucians Giles (in part), Gnats or Mosq., 277, 1900.
Culex discrucians Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 258, 1901.
Janthinosoma arribalzagae Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 339, 341, 1902.
Janthinosoma arribalzagae Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 128, 1903.
Conchyliastes varipes Coquillett, Can. Ent, xxxvi, 10, 1904.
Janthinosoma arribalzagae Lutz, in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 71, 1904.
Ianthinosoma arribalzagai Blanchard, Les Moust, 235, 1905.
Ianthinosoma varipes Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 626, 1905.
Janthinosoma varipes Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xiv, 181, 1906.
Janthinosoma varipes Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Circular 72, 3, 1906.
Janthinosoma discrucians Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 134, 1906.
Janthinosoma discrucians Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 17,
1906.

Janthinosoma varipes Coquillett (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech. Ser. 11,
17, 1906.

Ianthinosoma arribalzagae Autran, Anal. Dep. Nac. Hig., xiv, 14, 1907.

Janthinosoma discrucians Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 158, 1907.

Janthinosoma varipes Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, iv, 154, 1907.

Culex (Janthinosoma) varipes Viereck, First Rept. Comm. Health Pa., 471, 1908.

Janthinosoma arribalzagae Peryassu, Os Culic. do Brazil, 62, 1908.

Janthinosoma discrucians Peryassu, Os Culic. do Brazil, 43, 154, 1908.

Aedes discrucians Thibault, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xii, 17, 1910.

Janthinosoma discrucians Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 120, 1910.

Janthinosoma varipes Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, v, 121, 1910.

Okiginau Description of Culex discrucians:

Nigricans; pectus argenteum; abdomen purpureum, subtus testaceo fasciatum;
pedes purpurei, femoribus testaceis, genubus albo guttatis, tarsis fascia subapicali
alba; alae subcinereae, venis fuscis subciliatis ; halteres testacei, apice fusci. Mas. —
Antennae testaceo fasciatw.

Blackish. Proboscis long, slender. Pectus silvery whitish. Abdomen purple, with
testaceolis bands beneath. Legs purple, long, slender; femora testaceous, purplish
towards the tips; a white dot on each knee; tarsi with a white subapical band.
Wings grayish; veins brown, slightly ciliated. Halteres testaceous, with brown tips.
37

570

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Male. — Proboscis rather longer than the antennae. Palpi much longer than the pro-
boscis. Antennae with testaceous bands. Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings,
5 lines.

South America.

Original Description of Janthinosoma aebibalzag^e :

Wings unspotted, densely black-scaled; unusually wide in proportion to their
length. Tarsi uniformly black-scaled, with the exception of a broad basal white
band on the fourth joint of the hind legs. Thorax sooty, clothed on the mesonotum
and scutellum, with short falciform, golden scales with numerous long stiff black
bristles on their margins. Abdomen, deep amethystine purple, with triangular
apical golden spots on each segment, and some yellow scales and hairs along the
hind border of the first; ventrally, the segments show triangular golden apical
markings.

There can be little doubt that it was upon this species that Arribalzaga founded
his new genus, as it agrees entirely with his description, given below, while speci-
mens, sent to Mr. Theobald by Dr. Lutz, and which correspond to Walker's type of
G. discrucians, though believed by the latter naturalist to be Arribalzaga's species,
were at once seen to fail to correspond with Arribalzaga's description and figure,
and it is obviously unlikely that the discrepancies can be due to careless drawing.
This difficulty is now set at rest by a specimen I have just received from Dr. Lutz,
labelled " Janthinosoma, sp. n.," and which was at once recognized by Mr. Theobald
as the missing species.

The head and appendages almost black, the vertex and nape clothed with erect
forked, and short falciform golden scales. The pleurae and coxae show extensive
areas of golden scales and the lower surfaces of the femora, and the base also above
of those of the hind legs, are bright golden, the apices of the femora showing also
a barely noticeable yellow knee-spot.

This species can be easily distinguished from any other of the genus by the
single band on the hind tarsi.

Original Description of Conchyliastes varipes :

Near musicus, but the last joint of the hind tarsi is brown. Black, the front and
hind femora, except their broad apices, the posterior side of the middle femora except
their apices, and the stems of the halteres, yellow, the fourth joint of the hind tarsi
white; scales of palpi violaceous, those of the occiput yellowish white and with a
patch of violaceous ones on either side; (mesonotum abraded; what scales remain
are yellowish white and a few black ones along the middle) ; scales of abdomen
violet blue, those on sides of first two segments, hind angles of the others except the
last one, under surface of each segment except the last one and base of the preceding,
whitish; scales on yellow portion of femora yellowish white, those on the remainder
and on tibiae violet blue, those on the tarsi black except on the fourth joint of the
hind tarsi, where they are white, claws of front tarsi toothed; wings grayish hyaline,
veins and scales brown, petiole of first submarginal cell from two-fifths to three-
fifths as long as that cell, hind cross vein less than its length from the small; length,
4 mm. Five female specimens. Type No. 7341, U. S. N. M.

Las Penas and Tonala, Mexico (Dr. A. Duges), and Agricultural College, Missis-
sippi (May 18, Glenn W. Herrick).

Description of Female, Larva, and Egg of Psorophora discrucians (Male Un-
known) :

Female. — Proboscis moderate, slender, uniform, labella? conically tapered ;
vestiture of blue-black scales, setse very small, black, curved, those on labellaa
small, prominently outstanding. Palpi about one-fourth as long as proboscis,
thick, uniform, clothed with violaceous scales and with rather small black setse.
Antennae slender, the joints subequal, pilose, blackish, rugose; second joint a
little longer and stouter ; tori subglobose, with a cup-shaped apical excavation,
blackish, shining, a patch of broad whitish scales on inner side ; hairs of whorls
moderate, sparse, black. Clypeus elliptical, shining, black, nude. Eyes bronzy
brown. Occiput short, convex, black, clothed with flat, broadly lanceolate
scales, silvery anteriorly in the middle and below, yellowish posteriorly, a large
patch of dark blue ones on each side, a number of brownish or luteous erect,
forked scales on the nape ; setse rather small, black.

Prothoracic lobes prominent, black, remote, with a number of flat sordid-
silvery scales and black setse. Mesonotum black, clothed with narrowly lanceo-

PSOROPHORA DISCRUCIANS

571

late brownish-black scales in a broad longitudinal stripe, a broad band of very
broad silvery scales along sides of disk, ante-scutellar bare space surrounded by
broad yellowish-silvery scales, prolonged forward in an indistinct median line ;
bristles rather numerous, short, black. Scutellum trilobate, each lobe with a
patch of yellowish-silvery scales and a group of black bristles. Postnotum
elliptical, prominent, blackish brown, nude, shining. Pleura blackish, clothed
with elliptical, flat white scales; coxae paler, with patches of white scales and
rows of black bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, the distal segments strongly tapering ;
dorsal vestiture of black scales with a dark violet-blue reflection, with lateral
spots of yellowish-white scales on posterior angles of segments, small and
quadrate in dorsal view, large and triangular in ventral view ; venter with broad,
apical yellowish-white segmental bands, the basal halves of the segments blue
black, the last segment entirely black, with pale scales at margins; first seg-
ment dorsally clothed with yellowish-white broad scales and with many rather
fine pale setas ; setaa rather short, black, more numerous at ends of segments.

Wings moderate, membrane faintly infuscated; petiole of second marginal
cell about half as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its
cell ; basal cross-vein nearly its own length distant from anterior cross-vein ;
veins brown ; scales black with a blue reflection, especially on costa, outstanding-
ones broadly linear or ligulate, denser on outer part of wing. Halteres soiled
whitish, with dark tips bearing some white scales.

Legs rather long, moderately stout, ends of tibiae and basal tarsal joints, more
especially of hind legs, appearing thickened by long roughened scales; femora
pale at base and beneath with small pale-yellow scales, tips broadly ringed with
blue black, middle pair blue-black scaled to base ; knees white scaled ; tibiae and
tarsi clothed with blue-black scales, except the penultimate joint of hind tarsi
which is white scaled. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 115, fig. 391). — Head rounded, wider than long, nar-
rowed before eyes, a slight notch at insertion of antennas, front margin broadly
arcuate. Antennae very long, as long as head, slender, a little swollen toward
base, spined all over; a large tuft of long branched hairs a little before the
middle; three long spines and two small digits at tip. Eyes large, transverse,
pointed. Both pairs of dorsal head-tufts double, ante-antennal tuft multiple.
Mental plate triangular, with a large central tooth and twelve on each side,
rather small, alike, closely set. Mandible quadrangular, incised without at
middle, smooth ; two long filaments before tip ; an outer row of stout cilia ; outer
edge roughened but hairless; dentition of four teeth on a process, first and
fourth longer ; a filament without, a large and two small teeth at base, a serrate
filament within ; process below simple, with patches of hair ; a short process below
it ; four long hairs at base within ; four stout hairs at base. Maxilla elongate
hemispherical, divided by a narrow suture; inner half spined; a row of long
cilia on suture at tip; outer half with some hairs at base, smooth toward palpus ;
a filament at suture on each side. Palpus small, nearly square, with four very
small digits. Thorax rounded, wider than long, robust; hairs abundant but not
long. Abdomen stout, anterior segment shorter ; lateral hairs multiple on first
segment, double on second, single on third to sixth. Tracheal tubes broad, band-
shaped, irregularly flexuous posteriorly. Air-tube large, strongly inflated,
tapered on outer half, three times as long as wide ; pecten of five teeth scattered
over basal half of tube; single tooth with broad base, a long spine at one end,
three subbasal ones, the middle one longest. Lateral comb of eighth segment of
five or six scales in a row, upper and lower scales small ; single scale with a

572

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

rectangular rounded base, long central spine, conical, pointed, and a shorter but
similar one on each side. Anal segment much longer than wide, ringed by the
plate; dorsal tuft a long hair and brush on each side; a small lateral tuft;
ventral brush well developed, extending along ventral line to near base. Anal
gills long, longer than the segment, tapered to a sharp tip ; each with a single
central trachea.

Egg. — Pointed-fusiform, flattened on one side, rather long and narrow;
sculpture of elongate hexagonal reticulations, from micropylar end of each there
arises a recumbent, stout blunt spine, two-thirds the length of the reticulation ;
a square gelatinous cushion at micropyle.

The larva? live in ground-pools. Mr. Knab bred a specimen from a larva in
a cacao-husk. We have no special information about the habits which are said
by Thibault to be similar to those of Psorophora sayi.

Southern United States, through Mexico and Central America to South
America, especially in dry regions.

Augusta, Georgia, August 10, 1909 (W. V. Seed) ; Wister, Indian Territory,
July 7, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Scott, Arkansas, September 1 1908 (J. K. Thi-
bault, Jr.) ; Clarksdale, Mississippi, August 1, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Natchez,
Mississippi, May 8, 1907 (A. Fleming) ; Belzona, Mississippi, August 4, 1904
(H. S. Barber) ; Tutwiler, Mississippi, August 2, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; West-
point, Mississippi, August 11, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Agricultural College,
Mississippi, May 18, 1901 (G. W. Herrick) ; Las Pehas, State of Jalisco, Mexico,
July 14, 1903 (A. Duges) ; Coatzacoalcos, Mexico (A. Duges) ; Tehuantepec,
Mexico, July 2, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Salina Cruz, Mexico, July 10, 1905 (F.
Knab) ; Champerico, Guatemala, August 4, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Ceiba, Honduras
(D. P. Albers) ; Puerto Barrios, Honduras (D. P. Albers) ; Port Limon, Costa
Eica, September 28, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Sao Paulo, Brazil (A. Lutz). Beported
also from Trinidad (Theobald) ; Ladario, State of Matto Grosso, Juiz de Fora,
State of Minas Geraes, Kio de Janeiro, Taubate and Santos, State of Sao Paulo,
Brazil (Peryassu) ; Las Conchas, Zarate and Baradero, Province of Buenos
Aires, Formosa, Chaco Territory, Argentine Republic (Arribalzaga) .

The types of varipes are in poor condition, so that the author of that name
considered them to represent a different species from discrucians, namely one
without a median stripe of dark scales on the mesonotum, although he notes the
presence of a few dark scales in his original description. The species as de-
fined is, therefore, fictitious, no such species occurring upon the mainland of
North America. The species in the Antilles that do have such a coloration, can
not be cited as varipes since no specimens from that region are cited by Coquil-
lett among his types, or were before him at the time. The specimens from the
Bahamas so labeled by him in the U. S. National Museum collection were re-
ceived subsequently to the publication of the description.

PSOROPHORA JOHNSTONII (Grabham).

Janthinosoma johnstonii Grabham, Can. Ent, xxxvii, 410, 1905.
Janthinosoma schwarzi Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 135, 1906.
Janthinosoma varipes Coquillett (in part, not Coquillett), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent.,

Tech. Ser. 11, 17, 1906.
Janthinosoma varipes Theobald (in part, not Coquillett), Mon. Culic, iv, 154, 1907.
Aedes schwarsi Pazos, San. y Ben., ii, 46, 317, 1909.

Janthinosoma varipes Pazos (not Coquillett), San. y Ben., ii, 51, 680, 1909.
Janthinosoma varipes Theobald (in part, not Coquillett), Mon. Culic, v, 121, 1910.
Janthinosoma schwarzi Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 604, 1910.
Original Description of Janthinosoma johnstonii:

Head covered with broad pale yellow and violet spindle-shaped scales; a cluster
of black bristles between the eyes; a group of upright black forked scales at the
back of the head. Eyes deep reddish-purple, bordered posteriorly by a row of white

PSOROPHORA JOHNSTONII

573

scales. Proboscis and palpi black, covered with black scales with violet reflections.
Clypeus black. Prothoracic lobes with white scales and long black bristles. Meso-
thorax covered with creamy white spindle-shaped scales on a black background;
scales arranged more thickly on the lateral areas; a number of black bristles
scattered over the mesothorax, especially abundant on the postero-lateral areas.
Pleura with silvery scales and golden hairs. Scutellum with white scales and a
median and two lateral groups of numerous long black bristles. Metathorax black.

Abdomen violet, basal segment with pearly-white scales and golden bristles; next
five segments with lateral apical white-scaled areas; numerous black hairs scattered
over the segments. Venter white scaled, with narrow basal bands of violet scales.
Legs with metallic violet reflections, base and most of the venter of femora yellow
scaled; knee spot white, small; third hind tarsus completely white except a few
apical black bristles. Ungues all equal and uniserrate. Wings with the first sub-
marginal cell a little longer and nearly as broad as the second posterior cell, its stem
the same length as the cell; stem of the second posterior about as long as the cell;
halteres with stem and knob pale yellow. Length 4.5 mm.

Observations. — Described from four $'s taken on a horse at the foot of the Red
Hills, 5 1/2 miles along the Molynes Road, Kingston, Jamaica, early in July, 1905.
Found in association with the brilliant J. discrucians. Walker. It is apparently
closely allied to /. Arribalzaga', Giles, from which it may be distinguished by its wing
venation, scutellar bristles and white third hind tarsus.

Original Description of Janthinosoma schwarzi:

As in J. cofflni Dyar & Knab, but the tips of the hind femora are pure white.
One specimen, Cayamas, Cuba, May 7 (E. A. Schwarz).
Type— Cat. No. 9970, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Description of Female of Psorophora johnstonii (Male and Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis moderate, rather slender, straight, cylindrical, uniform,
labellae conically tapered; vestiture of dense black scales with a bluish luster;
setae very small, those on labellae more prominently outstanding. Palpi nearly
one-fourth as long as the proboscis, clothed with glossy black scales and a few
black bristles. Antennae slender, the segments subequal, rugose, ciliate, black ;
second joint somewhat longer and thicker, pale at base ; tori subspherical, with a
cup-shaped apical hollow, blackish, a patch of white scales on inner side and a
small one without ; hairs of whorls sparse, black. Clypeus elliptical, prominent,
black, shining, nude. Occiput convex, black, clothed with broad, curved yellow-
ish-white scales and some erect, forked luteous ones which become very numer-
ous at nape, a blue spot at the side ; bristles along margins of eyes mostly short,
black, some pale ones projecting at vertex.

Prothoracic lobes prominent, remote, black, clothed with yellowish-white
scales and short black bristles. Mesonotum black, clothed with elliptical yellow-
white scales which are dense and uniform along sides of disk but on dorsum are
mixed with narrow, curved black ones, although not forming a defined pat-
tern ; setas numerous, short, black. Scutellum trilobate, black above, pale on pos-
terior side, clothed with elliptical yellowish-white scales and about eight black
bristles on each lobe. Postnotum elliptical, black, prominent, nude. Pleura?
black, clothed with elliptical white scales and a few pale bristles ; coxae similarly
colored and clothed.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, the distal segments strongly tapering;
dorsal vestiture of flat black scales with a blue luster and rather large quadrate
patches of creamy white scales on posterior lateral angles of segments, expanded
beneath into broad longitudinal stripes; first segment clothed with broadly
elliptical white scales and with many pale hairs; venter almost wholly clothed
with yellow-white scales, the seventh segment with a large blue spot at base.

Wings moderate, membrane hyaline with a slight smoky tint and iridescent
refiectipn; petiole of second marginal cell shorter than its cell, that of second
posterior cell equal to its cell ; basal cross-vein less than its own length distant
from anterior cross-vein; veins brown; scales blue black, the outstanding ones

574

MOSQUITOES OF XORTH AMERICA

broadly linear or ligulate, those on fork of second vein denser and slightly
broader. Halteres pale, with dark tips and some pale scales at apex.

Legs rather long, moderately stout, posterior tibiae and first tarsal joints
slightly thickened by some obliquely outstanding scales; femora clothed witb
small, flat yellowish white scales basally, upper side beyond base and apical
fourth clothed with black scales with a bright blue luster, the middle pair dark
scaled nearly to base ; tips of middle and posterior femora rather broadly white
scaled : tibia? and tarsi black with a bright blue luster; penultimate joint of hind
tarsi white except at its tip. Claw formula, 1.1—1.1—1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Life history and habits unknown.

Jamaica and Cuba, West Indies.

Cayamas, Cuba, May 3 (E. A. Schwarz). Also recorded from Jamaica (Dr.-
Grabham).

Psorophora johnstonii agrees with the description of Janthinosoma arri-
balzagce Giles, which is a synonym of P. discrucians. Giles defines his species
as having an " unadorned thorax," i. e., the mesonotum without a central stripe
of black scales. However, this is an error, due to the poor condition of Arri-
balzaga's specimen, Giles's species being based upon the description and figure
of that author.

PSOROPHORA COFFINI (Dyar & Knab).

Janthinosoma varipes Coffin (not Coquillett), in Shattuck, The Bahama Ids., 281,
1905.

Culex cyanescens Coffin (not Coquillett), in Shattuck, The Bahama Ids., 283, 1905.
Janthinosoma coffini Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 134, 190G.
Janthinosoma cofflni Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 603, 1910.

Original Description of Janthinosoma coffini:

Hind legs without raised scales; tarsi without pale basal bands; penultimate joint
of hind tarsi white, the last dark; thorax all yellow scaled above; tips of mid and
hind femora dusky. Agrees with the description of J. varipes Coquillett, but a
careful examination of the types of that species shows there to be dark scales on the
center of the thorax and that it is a synonym of J. discrucians Walker, as identified
by Coquillett.

8 specimens, Nassau, Bahamas, B. W. I., June 22, 1903 (T. H. Coffin).
Type.— Cat. No. 9969, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Description of Female of Psorophora coffini (Male and Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis cylindrical, uniform, slender, labellae conically tapered ;
vestiture of dense black scales with a blue luster; setae very small, those on
labellae more prominently outstanding. Palpi about one-fourth as long as pro-
boscis, thick, densely clothed with blue-black scales, with a few long black setae.
Antennae moderate ; joints subequal, blackish, rugose, pilose ; tori subspherical,
with a cup-shaped hollow at tip, blackish, and a patch of white scales on inner
side; hairs of whorls sparse, moderate, black. Clypeus elliptical, prominent,
blackish, nude. Eyes black. Occiput convex, black, clothed with rather broadly
elliptical sordid-white scales and many erect, forked ochraceous ones, especially
posteriorly, a small patch of black scales on sides next eye; bristles small,
blackish, some short pale yellowish ones projecting at vertex.

Prothoracic lobes moderate, remote, blackish, clothed with broad, curved,
sordid yellowish-white scales and blackish bristles. Mesonotum black, rather
evenly covered with broad, curved yellowish-white scales intermixed on disk
with some narrower blackish ones not forming a distinct stripe ; bristles short,
black, rather numerous. Scutellum trilobate, black, clothed with yellowish-
white scales and about eight black bristles on each lobe. Postnotum elliptical,
blackish, nude. Pleurae clothed with flat white scales which pass continuously
into the light-colored scales on disk of thorax; coxa? pale brown, with a few
white scales and rows of blackish bristles.

PSOROPHORA SIGNIPENNIS

575

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, posterior segments strongly tapered; dor-
sal vestiture of metallic blue-black scales, with large, subquadrate, posterior,
lateral segmentary patches of creamy white ones joined beneath into longitudi-
nal stripes; first segment entirely white scaled and with many pale seta?; venter
clothed entirely with flat yellowish-white scales, except the seventh segment,
which is blue black beneath.

Wings ratber broad, byaline ; petiole of second marginal cell a little shorter
than its cell, that of second posterior cell about equal to its cell ; basal cross-
vein distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein ; veins brown; scales
black, outstanding ones on outer half of wing broadly linear. Halteres yel-
lowish white, with white scales at tips.

Legs moderately long; femora pale, especially beneath, clothed with yellowish-
white scales, the tips blue black, middle pair dark scaled above to base; knees
dusky scaled ; posterior tibiae and first tarsal joint with a few obliquely out-
standing scales; tibia? and tarsi blue black, except penultimate joint of hind
tarsi, which is white on basal two-thirds in the type; other specimens have a
varying amount of white, one having nearly the whole joint white, while in one
the white is wanting, the hind tarsi being entirely black. Claw formula,
1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 3.5 mm.; wing 3 mm.

Life history and habits unknown.

Bahama Islands.

Nassau, New Providence, June 22, 1903 (T. H. Coffin) ; Lake Cunningham.
New Providence, February 15, 1915 (H. G. Dyar) ; Current Settlement, Eleu-
thera, June 22, 1903 (T. H. Coffin) ; Tarpum Bay, Eleuthera, 1903 (T. H.
Coffin).

Psorophora cofflni was identified by Coquillett as his Conchyliastes varipes;
this latter has proved to be a synonym of Psorophora discrucians Walker.
Psorophora cofjini comes nearest to P. johnstonii Grabham, differing by its
smaller size, more slender legs with smoother scaling of the hind pair, and
minor colorational differences. The Culex cyanescens recorded by Coffin from
Tarpum Bay is a specimen of this species in which the white of the hind tarsi
is obsolete.

PSOROPHORA SIGNIPENNIS (Coquillett).

Taniorhynchus signipennis Coquillett, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vi, 167. 1904.
Twniorhynchus signipennis Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xii, 244, 1904.
Feltidia signipennis Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiii, 55, 1905.
Feltidia sig7iipennis Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 47, 1905.
Taeniorhynchus signipennis Blanchard, Les Moust, 631, 1905.
Janthinosoma signipennis Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 183, 1906.
Grabhamia signipennis Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent.. Tech. Ser. 11, 21, 1906.
Twniorhynchus (? Culex) signipennis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 432, 1910.

Original Description of Taeniorhynchus signipennis:

Distinguished by the apical half of the costa of each wing being covered with light
yellow scales with the exception of two patches of black ones.

$. — Brown, varied with yellowish, the bases of the antennae, a broad band at
middle of the proboscis, the first tarsal joint except the apex and a ring near the
base, also the bases of the following joints, very narrowly on the last two, yellow.
Scales of palpi and the upright ones on the occiput mixed black and light yellow,
the appressed scales of the occiput and mesonotum light yellow, those on the abdo-
men chiefly white, on the femora and tibiae mixed black and light yellow, not form-
ing distinct bands or spots, those on the tarsi black except at bases of the joints and
the broad median portion of the first, which are chiefly whitish ; on the second joint
of the hind tarsi the whitish scales cover its basal half; tarsal claws not toothed.
Wing-scales mixed black and light yellow, the former collected into three spots, two
on the apical half of the costa and one on the sixth vein at a point near three-fourths
of its length; scales on apical half of the costa and of the sixth vein wholly yellow
with the exception of the patches of black scales; of the latter, the first one on the
costa is slightly longer than the second and equals about one-half of the yellow in-

576

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

terval between them; lateral scales of the veins varying from broadly oblanceolate
to very narrow, almost linear; petiole of the first submarginal cell slightly longer
than the cell; hind cross-vein nearly its own length before the small. Length 3 mm.

— Papli slender, brown, bases of last two joints and the preceding joint except
its apex yellow; proboscis reaching slightly beyond base of penultimate joint of
palpi; hairs of antennae golden yellow, many on the lower side brown. Scales of
abdomen mixed brown and whitish. Front and middle tarsi bearing two teeth under
one of the claws and one under the other, hind tarsal claws not toothed. Length 4
mm. Otherwise as in the female.

Monterey, Mexico. One female and four males (the latter much abraded), bred
by Dr. Joseph Goldberger.

Type.— No. 8029, U. S. National Museum.

Descbiption of Female, Male, and Larva of Psoeophoba siqnipennis :

Female. — Proboscis cylindrical, rather stout, uniform, labellas tapering,
brown; vestiture at both ends dark brown, soiled white in the middle, mixed
with a few brown scales; seta? minute, curved, dark, those on labella? more
prominently outstanding. Palpi about one-fourth as long as proboscis, thick;
vestiture of dark-brown and white scales intermixed, a few moderate black
bristles. Antenna? rather short and thick; joints broad and somewhat com-
pressed, subequal, blackish, pale at the articulations, minutely pilose; hairs of
whorls very short, sparse, black; second segment paler and longer than the
others; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, sordid whitish,
subpruinose. Clypeus short, broadly rounded at tip, slightly prominent, luteous
with a black shade at base and sides, nude and shining. Eyes black. Occiput
narrow, convex, brown, rather sparsely clothed with narrow, curved pale-golden
scales, a few flat white elliptical ones along eye-margin, many narrow, erect,
forked pale scales on the nape ; sides clothed with broad, flat white scales, inclos-
ing a dark patch at ocular margin ; bristles along margins of eyes rather short
and mostly pale.

Prothoracic lobes long and narrow, remote dorsally, brown, with narrow,
curved golden scales and black bristles. Mesonotum brown, with three darker
impressed lines ; vestiture golden brown medianly, pale toward margins, of
small, narrow curved scales uniformly distributed, except over ante-scutellar
space, which is narrowly bare; bristles short, dark brown, those over roots of
wings dense, pale yellowish. Scutellum trilobate, the mid lobe large, brown,
clothed with yellowish-white scales and with a group of about ten brown bristles
on each lobe. Postnotum elliptical, pale brown, nude. Pleura? and coxa? pale
brown, with narrow elliptical white scales and pale setae.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, strongly tapering towards apex ; vestiture
dorsally of pale-brown and yellowish-white scales, some blackish ones inter-
mixed, some of these forming irregular central segmentary spots ; the segments
show ill-defined broad whitish apical bands, medianly produced ; seta? in rows at
extremities of segments, dark ; ventral vestiture of pale scales with a few inter-
mixed dark ones.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; stem of second marginal cell about as long as its
cell, that of second posterior cell very slightly shorter; basal cross-vein distant
a little less than its own length from anterior cross-vein ; veins pale; vestiture of
rather broad white and black scales intermixed, along basal half of costa the
scales are evenly intermixed, on apical half three elongate black spots separated
by longer white-scaled areas ; other veins with scales evenly mixed ; sixth vein
white at its tip, a black patch preceding ; outstanding scales on apical part of
wing narrowly lanceolate, gray, many of the others broader and subtruncate;
fringe alternating black and white. Halteres entirely whitish.

Legs moderately long, without any outstanding scales, pale yellowish, vesti-
ture of brownish-black and yellowish-white scales intermixed, rather evenly so
on femora and tibia? ; before tips of femora and in a preceding area the black

PSOROPHOEA SIGNIPENNIS

577

scales predominate, defining a pale tip and subapical ring ; first joint of hind
tarsals largely pale, with a dark tip and dark subbasal ring, the succeeding joints
with basal halves pale, apical halves dark ; front and mid tarsi with fourth joint
narrowly white ringed at base, the last joint entirely dark scaled. Claw formula,
0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3.3 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, the apical half slightly thickened. Palpi exceeding
the proboscis by nearly the length of the last two joints which are long and
slender and scarcely thickened ; vestiture of brown and white scales rather irreg-
ularly intermixed; apex of long joint and the last two joints with long black
hairs ; bases of last two joints white scaled above. Antennas plumose, the last
two joints long, pilose, the others short, thickened at insertions of the long,
dense hair-whorls, sordid luteous; hairs pale brown. Coloration similar to the
female. Abdomen elongate, strongly depressed, with long, luteous lateral
ciliation. Wings narrower than in the female, the stems of the fork-cells longer
and the vestiture much more scanty, scarcely showing the characteristic mark-
ings. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Genitalia (plate 23, fig. 161) : Side-pieces rounded at tip and about twice as
long as wide; apical lobe very slightly developed, indicated by a narrow fold;
no basal lobe. Clasp-filament stout, swollen, reticulate, a rather long terminal
articulated spine. Harpes concave, with thickened revolute inner margins and
curved tips widely divided into two teeth. Harpagones with a slender ligulate
base and expanded apex bearing five seta?. Unci forming a small cone with a
revolute margin, no basal appendages.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 116, fig. 397). — Head rounded, wider than long, nar-
rowed before eyes, a slight notch at insertion of antennae, front margin broadly
arcuate. Antennas long but not extraordinarily so, subcylindrical, slightly
tapered, spined on basal two-thirds ; a large tuft at middle ; two long subapical
spines, two short spines and a digit at tip. Eyes large, transverse, pointed.
Mental plate elongate triangular, longer than wide, a central tooth with four-
teen on each side, all much alike, the basal one smaller. Mandible quad-
rangular ; a long filament and a short one before tip ; an outer row of cilia from
a collar; five small tufts from angular prominences on outer margin ; dentition
of four teeth on a short process, the fourth longest; a long spine before, two
short teeth at base, two broad filaments within ; process below elongate, furcate,
with a row of hairs on outer side ; basal angle small ; a row of hairs within ; a row
of long hairs at base. Maxilla subspherical, divided by a band-shaped suture ;
inner half with two rows of cilia ; a row of long hairs at tip ; outer half with a
single large filament at middle next suture. Palpus short and stout, with four
irregularly rudimentary digits. Thorax rounded, wider than long; hairs
abundant but not long. Abdomen stout, anterior segments shorter. Tracheal
tubes broad, band-shaped. Air-tube large, strongly inflated, tapered on outer
half, three times as long as wide ; peeten of four teeth scattered on basal fourth
of tube, single tooth a long spine with broad base with three or four basal
branches, sometimes a short one on the other side. Lateral comb of eighth seg-
ment of six scales joined by a chitinous band ; single scale elliptical, with a
stout, curved apical spine, a smaller subapical one, and still smaller ones
between and below. Anal segment longer than wide, ringed by the plate ; dorsal
tuft a long hair and brush on each side ; a small lateral tuft ; ventral brush well
developed, extending along the ventral line to base. Anal gills long, twice as
long as the segment, regularly tapered to a sharp tip, each with a slight central
trachea.

578

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Dr. T. D. Berry collected the larvae in a puddle two days after a rain ; pupae
were formed on the fourth day and imagos on the fifth.

Southwestern United States and northern Mexico, principally in dry regions.

Laredo, Texas (T. D. Berry) ; Austin, Texas, August 10, 1908 (A. W. Mor-
rill) ; Mesilla, New Mexico, October 4 and 11, 1893 (T. D. A. Cockerell) ;
Monterey, Mexico (J. Goldberger).

Psorophora signipennis has come to hand in but few specimens, mostly in
poor condition. The ornamentation of the mesonotum appears to be somewhat
variable, some specimens showing a broad median stripe of brownish golden
scales.

PSOROPHORA DISCOLOR (Coquillett).

Gulex discolor Coquillett, Can. Ent, xxxv, 256, 1903.

Gulex discolor Smith, Ent. News, xv, 147, 1904.

Culex discolor Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xii, 173, 1904.

Culex discolor Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 297, 1904.

Grabhamia discolor Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 3915, 1904.

Gulex discolor Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Stat., Bull. 171, 37, 1904.

Gulex discolor Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 193, 1905.

Grabhamia discolor Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 472, 1905.

Feltidia discolor Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiii, 108, 1905.

Ceratocystia discolor Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 183, 1906.

Grabhamia discolor Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circular 72, 3, 1906.

Grabhamia discolor Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent.. Tech. Ser. 11, 21, 1906.

Gulex discolor Howard, Osier's Modern Medicine, i, 377, 1907.

Grabhamia discolor Theobald, Mon. Culicid., iv, 309, 1907.

Gulex (Grabhamia) discolor Viereck, 1st Ann. Rept. Comm. Health Pa., 471, 1908.

Aedes discolor Thibault, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xii, 16, 1910.

Grabhamia discolor Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 284, 1910.

Aedes discolor Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 717, 1910.

Original Description of Culex discolor:

Female. Differs from the above description of nanus as follows: palpi with a
cluster of white scales at the apices, upright scales of occiput yellow, whitish cross-
bands of abdomen prolonged forward in the middle, crossing or almost crossing the
segments, scales on posterior side of front and middle tibiae and on anterior side
of the hind ones almost wholly pale yellow, first tarsal joint bearing many yellow
scales, black and yellow scales of wings not evenly distributed, the black ones form-
ing a distinct spot at forking of the second vein with the third, another on upper
branch of fifth vein at the hind cross-vein, and a third on the apical third of the last
vein, remaining scales of this vein wholly yellow; length 4 mm. A specimen from
Delair, New Jersey, received from Prof. J. B. Smith.

Type. — No. 6894, U. S. National Museum.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Psorophora discolor:

Female. — Proboscis subcylindrical, moderate, uniform, nearly straight, rather
short, labellae conically tapered ; vestiture of small dense scales, black on apical
and basal fourths, central half yellowish white ; seta? very small, curved, black,
those on labellae more prominently outstanding. Palpi about one-fourth as
long as proboscis, stout, covered with pale and dark scales intermixed; tips
silver scaled; setae short, stiff, black. Antennae moderate, rather short, joints
subequal, basal ones short, especially the third, fourth and fifth, pilose, rugose,
blackish; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, rather pale
brown, with a crest of pale scales ; hairs of whorls short, brown. Clypeus ellip-
tical, convex, brown, nude. Eyes purplish black. Occiput convex, narrow,
black, densely clothed with narrow, curved golden scales, most conspicuous
mesially and bordering the eyes, and slender upright forked luteous ones which
are most numerous on the nape ; bristles along margins of eyes mostly pale.

Prothoracic lobes moderate, remote dorsally, blackish, with a few narrow
golden scales and dark bristles. Mesonotum brownish, two dorsal lines rather
strongly impressed and darker colored ; vestiture of small, narrow, curved golden

PSOROPHORA DISCOLOR

579

.scales which hardly more than half cover the dark ground, even in fresh speci-
mens, giving the effect of brown with a brassy luster ; bristles partly pale, partly
brown, rather short. Scutellum trilobate, the mid lobe prominent, clothed with
similar scales as mesonotum, each lobe with about ten fine, long pale bristles.
Postnotum elliptical, prominent, blackish, nude, slightly pruinose. Pleurae and
coxae brown, clothed with narrow, elliptical whitish scales and rather sbort pale
bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, depressed, terminal segments tapered, membrane
grayish ; dorsal vestiture of flat yellowish-white and brownish-black scales inter-
mixed, and with segmental broad apical bands of white scales, produced cen-
trally into a median stripe, the white scales predominating on last segment;
first segment with a median patch of white scales and with many long pale setae ;
hairs abundant, particularly laterally; beneath the scaling is more confused,
the pale scales predominating except on last segment.

Wings rather broad, hyaline, the veins pale ; stems of both the fork-cells
considerably shorter than their cells; basal cross-vein distant twice its own
length from anterior cross-vein; scales black and dull whitish, arranged in
obscure patches ; costa nearly entirely black scaled except for a long white spot
at outer fourth ; a distinct black patch at base of third vein and a longer one
proximally on upper branch of fifth vein ; bases of second marginal and second
posterior cells and tips of all the veins dark scaled ; fifth vein black scaled up to
fork ; sixth vein with the apical third dark-scaled ; most of the other scales
whitish ; fringe blackish, unspotted ; outstanding scales on outer half of wing
linear-lanceolate ; a distinct black spot composed of short, subtruncate scales
at base of third vein, more diffuse patches of long blackish scales on the second
vein at cross- vein and at base of fork and on fourth vein at base of fork.
Halteres entirely pale.

Legs moderately long and slender, pale, clothed with small, flat pale-yellowish
scales ; upper side of femora and tibia? with black scales intermixed, becoming
predominant at tips ; femora with an ill-defined ring of pale scales near tip ;
tibiae with a narrow white ring at base ; knees pale ; tarsal joints black tipped,
terminal ones broadly so ; second to fourth joint of hind legs distinctly white
ringed at base, rings narrower on outer joints ; front tarsi with last three joints
black. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 3.7 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, uniform, rather slender, entirely dark scaled
dorsally, pale scaled medianly beneath. Palpi exceeding the proboscis by more
than the length of the last joint, the last two joints long and slightly thick-
ened; long joint mostly dark scaled, a pale ring before middle; two last joints
black scaled, narrowly white-scaled at bases; end of long joint and the last
joints with many long brown hairs. Antenna? plumose, the last two joints
long and slender, pilose, the others short, pale, blackish at the swollen insertions
of the whorls ; hairs of whorls long, dense, pale, shading to blackish. Coloration
similar to the female. Abdomen elongate, depressed, the sides with abundant
pale ciliation. Wings much narrower than in the female, the stems of the fork-
cells about equal to their cells ; vestiture less abundant, the characteristic mark-
ings obscured. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 3.7 mm.

Genitalia (plate 21, fig. 150) : Side-pieces conically tapered, about twice as
long as wide; apical lobe well developed, prominent, conical; no basal lobe.
Clasp-filament large, prominently swollen in middle, with a rather large, apical,
inserted articulated spine. Harpes concave, broad, inner margin thickened and
revolute, tip widely cleft, forming two apical teeth directed laterally. Har-
pagones with a small ligulate base and expanded triangulate tip bearing a row

580

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

of six stout setae of various shapes, the short ones with curved tips. Unci con-
tiguous, forming a conical plate with narrowly cleft tip.

Larva, Stage IV (see figure of the entire larva, plate 58). — Head rounded,
wider than long, a wide notch at insertion of antenna?, front margin broadly
arcuate. Antennas large, bent sharply at basal third, again less sharply at distal
third, swollen without, tip tapered; spined all over, most densely so at base;
a large tuft near middle ; an angular projection at outer third from which arise
two long hairs ; a single hair and two slender digits at tip. Eyes large, trans-
verse, pointed at ends. Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single, ante-antennal
tuft double. Mental plate triangular, about as long as wide, central tooth broad
and rounded, with eight teeth on each side, becoming smaller basally, the last
very small. Mandible quadrangular, smooth without ; two filaments near tip ;
an outer row of stout cilia ; four little tufts on prominences on outer margin ;
dentition of five teeth on a slight prominence, first and fourth longer; a long
filament without, three short teeth at base, two short filaments and a seta within ;
process below bent, furcate at tip, one fork very slender, with patches of hair ;
basal process smooth; ten setae at base. Maxilla elongate, rounded, narrower
without, divided by a suture; inner half shortly haired basally; a long fringe
of hair along suture for over half its length ; outer half with two basally placed
digits and a subapical spine. Palpus very small, with two digits only. Thorax
rounded, wider than long; hairs abundant, subdorsal, prothoracic ones single
and as long as head. Abdomen stout, the segments nearly equal ; lateral tufts
multiple on first two segments, triple on third, double on fourth and fifth, absent
on sixth, long and single on seventh; long, single, subdorsal hairs on third to
seventh segments; tracheal tubes very narrow, strongly flexuous. Air-tube
small, slightly inflated at base, subconstricted at outer third, three times as long
as wide ; pecten reaching halfway, of few large remotely spaced teeth, the single
tooth trifurcate outwardly, with smaller branches below, the shaft smooth; a
large tuft beyond middle of tube and beyond pecten. Lateral comb of eighth
segment of six scales joined by a basal chitinous band ; single scale three times
as long as wide, with a long terminal spine, a long, curved subapical one, the
sides fringed with smaller spinules. Anal segment as long as wide, ringed by
the plate ; dorsal tuft a group of four hairs on each side ; a single long lateral
hair ; ventral brush of rather sparsely placed long-stemmed tufts reaching half-
way up the ventral line. Anal gills very long, three times as long as the seg-
ment, regularly tapered to a sharp tip, each with a very stout, dark colored,
irregularly flexuous central trachea.

Egg (plate 146, fig. 674). — Fusiform, black, reticulate, spinose, the spines
recumbent, pointing towards the micropylar end and about two-thirds the
length of the reticulations.

The larva? live in temporary ground-pools and develop rapidly. They gen-
erally lie upon the bottom on their backs with the mouth-brushes in action.
Mr. Barber captured several adults which came to bite, as we suppose. The
males swarm ; we have specimens from Mr. Tucker taken from a swarm.

Southern United States to southern Mexico.

Delair, New Jersey, June 28 (W. P. Seal) ; Washington, District of Co-
lumbia, September 9, 1901 (J. Kotinsky) ; Grassymead, Virginia, May 24 (H.
Gr. Dyar) ; Clarksdale, Mississippi, July 31, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Belzona,
Mississippi, August 4, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Westpoint, Mississippi, August 12,
1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Baton Eouge, Louisiana (J. W. Dupree) ; Piano, Texas,
May, "swarming at dusk" (E. S. Tucker) ; Brownsville, Texas, May 9, 1904
(H. S. Barber) ; Willcox, Arizona, July 31, 1909 (A. K. Fisher), Tehuantepec,
Mexico, July 3, 1905 (F. Knab).

PSOROPHORA JAMAICENSIS

581

Psorophora discolor agrees in structure and appearance with other members
of the Janthinosoma group, the male genitalia being perfectly typical. The
larvae also in the structure of the comb and otherwise agree perfectly, but in the
air-tube and antenna? they differ widely. All the other Janthinosoma larvae
have the antennae long, but slender, the air-tube more or less conspicuously in-
flated. In this species the air-tube is small, not inflated, while the antennae
are markedly inflated and distorted. We surmise that the inflated portion serves
as an air reservoir, enabling these larvae to remain longer beneath the surface
than they otherwise could, and it is therefore immaterial whether the air-tube
or the antennae are used as such a reservoir. It is a case of the adaptation of
different organs for a similar purpose. Other species, as Orthopodomyia
signifer, have an enlargement of the tracheal tubes in the thorax. This differ-
ence, at first sight striking, appears to be but one of adaptation, and without
special classificatory significance. The erection of a separate genus for discolor
was, therefore, unwarranted.

PSOROPHORA JAMAICENSIS (Theobald).

Culex perturbans Coquillett (not Walker), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxii, 250, 1900.
Culex perturbans Coquillett (in part, not Walker), U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent,

Circular 40, 2d ser., 6, 1900.
Culex perturbans Howard (in part, not Walker), U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull.

25, n. s., 20, 30, 1900.
Culex jamaicensis Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 345, 1901.
Culex jamaicensis Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 394, 1902.
Orabhamia jamaicensis Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 244, 1903.
Culex jamaicensis Taylor, Rev. de Med. Trop., iv, 109, 119, 166, 172, 1903.
Culex jamaicensis and Culex perturbans Pazos, Bull. Soc. Ent. Prance, 1904, 134, 1904.
Orabhamia jamaicensis Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 391b, 1904.
Culex jamaicensis Coffin, in Shattuck, The Bahama Ids., 283, 1905.
Feltidia jamaicensis Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 47, 1905.
Culex jamaicensis Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 279, 1905.
Orabhamia jamaicensis Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 397, 1905.
Orabhamia jamaicensis Theobald, Mosq. or Culic. of Jamaica, 29, 39, 1905.
Orabhamia jamaicensis Coquillett (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser.

11, 21, 1906.

Janthinosoma jamaicensis Dyar & Knab (in part), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 183,
1906.

Taniorhynchus walsinghamii Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 484, 1907.
Aedes jamaicensis Pazos, San. y Ben., ii, 46, 315, 1909.
Orabhamia jamaicensis Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, v, 281, 1910.
Twniorhynchus walsinghamii Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 419, 427, 1910.

Original Description of Culex jamaicensis:

Thorax dark brown, with four round patches of creamy scales and a few pale ones
before the scutellum. Abdomen dark brown, with pale scaled apical bands, those
of the second segment forming a triangular pale patch, the next four with the patches
broken in the middle; last segment black; venter mostly yellow-scaled. Wings with
black and white scales; a small black spot at the third long vein. Legs brown,
banded, and speckled with yellowish scales; tarsi basally banded white.

$. Head brown; occiput with scattered curved cinereous scales and black upright
forked ones, white and black flat ones at the sides of the head and numerous black
bristles; clypeus chestnut-brown; eyes silvery; antennae brown, basal joint large,
pale brown, arising from a dark area; first and second joints with apical grey scales;
palpi brown, with some yellowish scales, white at the apex, with moderately long
dark bristles; proboscis black at the tip and slightly darker at the base, the middle
with yellowish scales thickly spread over the brown surface.

Thorax very dark brown, with long brown hairs and with deep coppery-brown
curved scales and a few black bristles; four round patches of creamy scales and a
few of the same colour in front of the scutellum; the latter with pale curved scales
and deep brown border-bristles; metanotum deep brown; pleurae with patches of
grey scales.

Abdomen black, the first segment with a few apical creamy scales and long yel-
lowish-brown hairs; second segment with a distinct creamy patch of apical scales
forming a triangle with its base parallel with the apical border; next four segments

582

MOSQUITOES OF XORTH AMERICA

with the creamy patches of scales broken in the middle, on the fourth and fifth seg-
ments the patches forming two quite separate lateral spots; last segment mostly
black; ventrally covered with pale yellow and brown scales with a few black marks.

Wings with the veins covered with black and white scales; a distinctive character
is that the base of the third longitudinal where it meets the cross-veins forms a very
small deep black spot. Halteres pale testaceous.

Legs banded and speckled with yellow scales; fore femora black, with a pale ring
near the apex and with scattered yellow scales, pale underneath; knee white; tibiae
black, spotted with yellow scales; metatarsus with a basal and median band of
yellow; first two tarsi basally white banded, remainder black; in the mid legs the
markings are the same, but there is a trace of banding on the third tarsus, and the
femora are whitish beneath except at the apex; in the hind legs all the tarsal joints
are basally banded and the ring of the femora is more distinct, whilst ventrally they
are like those of the mid legs. Mid and hind ungues equal and simple.

Length. — 5.5 mm.

Habitat. — Jamaica (Grabham) (8. 2. 1900).
Time of capture. — December.

Observations. — A very distinct species, easily recognized by the black speck on the
wing, the curious banding and mottling of the legs and the adornment of the abdo-
men.

It was bred by Dr. Grabham from larvae collected along Spanish Road, Kingston.

Original Description of T.eniorhynchus walsinghamii:

Head brown with grey and brown scales; proboscis banded; palpi brown white at
apex. Thorax brown with golden brown scales showing some ornamentation. Abdo-
men deep brown with median single and double pale scaled areas on the segments
and lateral pale areas. Legs brown with narrow basal white bands to the tarsal seg-
ments, tibiae with spots and the femora with a white ring towards the apex. Wings
with mottled scales.

J. Head brown with narrow-curved grey scales, brown and pale brown upright
forked ones, a border around the eyes of small pale narrow-curved scales, flat black,
then creamy lateral scales. Proboscis deep brown with a pale creamy median area
not extending completely around the proboscis to make a band; palpi deep brown,
with black chaetae and pale scales apically; antennae pale brown; clypeus deep
brown.

Thorax deep brown, with narrow-curved golden scales, showing traces of orna-
mentation and becoming paler in front of the scutellum and over the roots of the
wings; chaetae blackish; scutellum pale brown with narrow-curved pale scales;
metanotum brown; pleurae brown with dense flat white scales.

Abdomen brown with median pale creamy scaled areas, on some segments divided
into two pale spots, and extending the whole length of the segments, with lateral
white lines of scales extending all down the segments; border-bristles brown; venter
pale scaled.

Legs brown with the femora yellowish at the base, a white apex and a white ring
towards the apex; tibiae deep brown with white spots, first three fore and mid tarsal
segments with narrow basal white bands; in the hind legs all the tarsals have narrow
basal white bands; fore and mid ungues equal, simple, rather large; hind equal,
simple and small.

Wings mottled with creamy and brown scales, the scales somewhat denser at the
base of the third vein; first sub-marginal cell slightly longer and much narrower than
the second posterior cell, its stem very nearly half as long as the cell, its base nearer
the apex of the wing; stem of the second posterior, which is broad and long, about
half the length of the cell; posterior cross-vein rather more than twice its own length
distant from the mid.

Length. — 4.5 mm.

Habitat. — Runaway Bay, Jamaica (Lord Walsingham).
Time of capture. — April.

Observations. — Described from a perfect female taken by Lord Walsingham. It
bears a very strong resemblance to T. fasciolatus, Arribalzaga, but can be told by the
mottled wings on which the scales are narrower, by the different venation, especially
in the much larger size of the second posterior cell and by its stem being much
shorter than in fasciolatus, also by the abdominal adornment.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Psorophora jamaicensis:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, cylindrical, uniform, labellas conically tapered ;
vestiture of flat black scales, a broad baud of yellowish white ones in the middle
irregularly limited, with a few black scales intermixed; setae minute, curved,
black, those on labellse more prominently outstanding. Palpi short and thick,

PSOROPHOP.A JAMAICENSIS

583

about one-fourth as long as proboscis ; vestiture black, broadly white at tip ;
setfe moderate, black. Antenna? slender ; joints subequal, black, rugose, pilose,
basal joints shorter than distal ones ; second joint pale at base ; tori subspherical,
with a cup-shaped apical excavation, dark brown, slightly pruinose, with nar-
row whitish scales ; hairs of whorls rather short, sparse, black. Clypeus promi-
nent, conically rounded, brown, nude. Eyes black. Occiput narrow, deep
brown, clothed with very narrow, curved, shining pale scales and rather numer-
ous upright, very slender, short black forked scales, dense and broader and with
a brown luster on the nape ; bristles along margin of eyes mostly black, a few
pale ones at vertex.

Prothoracic lobes moderate, narrow, remote dorsally, sparsely clothed with
very narrow, curved pale-golden scales and black bristles. Mesonotum black-
ish brown, the impressed bare dorsal stripes apparent at anterior margin,
obsolete behind; vestiture of fine, narrow, curved reddish-brown scales inter-
mixed with pale golden ones, the pale scales form three ill-defined bars on ante-
rior margin and on the disk a pair of rounded spots which are on the edges of
the lateral depressions ; pale scales also in front of the ante-scutellar bare space
and marginally, particularly above roots of wings ; bristles rather short, numer-
ous, black. Scutellum trilobate, middle lobe prominent, grayish luteous, vesti-
ture of narrow, curved pale-golden scales, each lobe with about ten black bristles.
Postnotum elliptical, prominent, brown with a slight pale pruinosity, nude.
Pleura? and coxa? brown, clothed with narrow, elliptical, flat white scales and a
few dark setae.

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly, the cerci exserted ; dorsal vesti-
ture of black and white scales, the white ones tending to form transverse apical
bands, more distinct on basal segments, triangular on second and third, more
confused on succeeding ones and forming irregular submedian patches as well
as apical lateral spots and medianly divided apical bands ; venter clothed mostly
with pale ochraceous scales, the dark ones forming a double row of subapical
segmentary spots.

Wings rather broad, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell about half as
long as its cell or even shorter, that of second posterior cell about the same pro-
portion ; basal cross-vein distant more than its own length from anterior cross-
vein ; veins brown ; scales rather broadly triangular with blunt tips, black and
white intermixed, the black predominating; at base of third vein is a small,
dense patch of black scales; outstanding scales on outer half of wing broadly
linear, mostly blackish; fringe brown, appearing paler in patches by reflection.
Halteres pale whitish.

Legs rather long and slender with long coarse seta?, especially on tips of
femora ; femora black scaled, peppered with white, narrowly white at base and
tip and with a subapical white ring ; knees white ; tibia? black, with many little
round patches of white scales ; tarsi black, each joint with a small white basal
ring, first tarsal joint of middle and hind legs with a small median ring in addi-
tion ; front tarsi with the last two joints and mid tarsi with the last joint en-
tirely black. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, rather long and slender, uniform, dark scaled
throughout. Palpi exceeding the proboscis by nearly the length of the last two
joints, which are long, slightly thickened and upturned ; vestiture black, mem-
brane showing in a whitish ring before middle of long joint, patches of white
scales at bases of last two joints; apex of long joint and last two joints with
dense, Jong black hairs. Antenna? plumose ; last two joints long, pilose, the
others shortened, the annular incrassations at origins of whorls black, terminal
parts of joints pale ; hairs of whorls numerous, long, brown. Coloration similar
to the female. Abdomen long, strongly depressed, with long and abundant pale

584

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

reddish brown lateral ciliation. Wings narrower than in the female, the stems
of the fork-cells much longer, the petiole of the second marginal cell being
longer than the cell; clothing of veins scantily developed. Claw formula,
2.1-2.1-0.0.
Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Genitalia (plate 22, fig. 154) : Side-pieces about twice as long as wide, tips
expanded by a conieally tapered apical lobe which forms a regular continuation
of side-piece. Clasp-filament stout, greatly swollen in the middle on the inner
side, a rather long stout articulate apical spine. Harpes flat, concave, inner
margin thickened and revolute, widely cleft at apex, forming a short point pro-
jecting laterally. Harpagones with a ligulate base and expanded tip bearing
five very stout setae in a row. Unci approximate, forming a rather slender comb
with revolute margins touching along mid line.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 115, fig. 394). — Head rounded, widest through eyes,
bulging at the sides, a notch at insertion of antennas, front margin arcuate.
Antenna? moderate, not as long as head, well spined, the tuft slightly beyond the
middle ; four spines and a digit on a pedicel at tip. Dorsal head-tufts multiple.
Mental plate elongate triangular, with a central tooth and thirteen on each side,
the basal ones more remotely spaced and broader. Mandible quadrangular; a
long filament and two short ones before tip ; an outer row of cilia from a collar ;
a row of conical prominences on outer margin, each bearing a single feathered
hair and tuft of short ones; dentition in continuation of margin, of four teeth,
the first the longest; a slender tooth before: a broad tooth at base with six
cusps ; a coarsely serrate filament and row of three hairs within ; process below
roundedly inflated, furcate, a row of hairs near outer margin and a tuft at tip
of each limb ; basal angle prominent ; a row of hairs within, nearly continuous
with basal row. Maxilla conical, divided by a suture ; inner half with long spines
on margin, the apical ones feathered, a row of cilia within ; a single articulated
filament near the apex and adjoining the suture ; a row of long hairs at tip ; a
spine on outer margin. Palpus short and stout, with four rudimentary digits.
Thorax rounded, wider than long. Abdomen moderate, the anterior segments
shorter. Air-tube inflated, subfusiform, tapered on outer half ; pecten of three
teeth on basal fourth ; single tooth furcate, or with two to five basal branches ;
a small tuft at outer third. Lateral comb of eighth segment of six scales on a
weak membranous plate ; single scale with trifid apex and small lateral serra-
tions. Anal segment longer than wide, ringed by the plate ; dorsal tuft a brush
and long hair on each side; a small lateral tuft; ventral brush well developed,
preceded by tufts along the ventral line to "base, piercing the chitinous ring.
Anal gills long, twice as long as the segment, regularly tapered.

The eggs have been described by Taylor. They are deposited singly, are large,
black and spiny, resembling those of other members of the genus ; Taylor gives
the length as 0.76 mm. and the greatest diameter 0.24 mm. and states that from
50 to 75 are deposited.

The larvae occur in natural collections of water upon the ground and develop
rapidly. Mr. Busck found them numerous in a large pig-pond near a road, in a
rain puddle in mountainous country, and in a pot-hole in stones. Mr. Schwarz
captured adults in the woods and fields, and once in the house. Taylor states
that this is a rural species and that its appearance coincides with the season
of rains. " Generally not found in houses, evidently securing from cattle the
blood necessary for its propagation. The bite is slightly painful."

Greater Antilles and Bahama Islands.

Bayamon, Porto Bico, January, 1899 (A. Busck) ; San Francisco Mountains,
Santo Domingo, August 29, September 8, 1905 (A. Busck) ; Kingston, Jamaica
(M. Grabham) ; Cayamas, Cuba, June 6 (E. A. Schwarz) ; Havana, Cuba,

PSOBOPHORA TEXAN UM

585

October 18, 1901 (J. Carroll) ; Baracoa, Cuba, August (A. Busck) ; Pinar del
Rio, Cuba, 1900; Havana, Cuba, May 14, 1902 (J. R. Taylor) ; San Antonio de
los Banos, Cuba (J. H. Pazos) ; Andros Mand, Bahamas, June 26, 1903 (T. H.
Coffin) ; Green Cay, Bahamas, June 29, 1903 (T. H. Coffin) ; Nassau, New
Providence, Bahamas, June 22, 1903 (T. H. Coffin).

Psorophora jamaicensis is confined to the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas.
It is closely allied to species upon the mainland, but we think specifically
distinct.

PSOROPHORA TEXANUM (Dyar & Knab).

Janthinosoma texanum Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 135, 1906.
Janthinosoma texanum Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 605, 1910.

Original Description of Janthinosoma texanum:

Hind legs without raised scales; tarsal joints with pale bands; first hind tarsal
joint with a narrow white ring; thorax golden brown; white ring of the first hind
tarsal joint one-third or more as broad as the joint. Else as in J. jamaicensis
Theobald.

7 specimens, Brownsville, Texas, May 21, 1904 (H. S. Barber).
Type— Cat. No. 9971, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Description of Female of Psorophora texanum (Male and Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis moderate, cylindrical, slender, uniform, rather short;
vestiture of small appressed scales, black at apical and basal fourths, the median
half white ; setae short, curved, black, those on the moderate conical labellae
more prominently outstanding. Palpi rather more than one-fourth the length
of proboscis, stout, clothed with brownish scales, except at tip, where they are
white ; setae moderate, black. Antennae moderate, second joint over three times
as long as wide, the third, fourth and fifth joints shorter, pale brown and densely
pale pilose, the succeeding joints more slender, black, pilose ; tori subsphericai,
with an excavated tip, luteous brown, with a small patch of white scales within.
Clypeus rather short, prominent, dark brown, nude. Eyes black. Occiput mod-
erate, convex, black, clothed with narrow, curved soiled whitish scales which do
not conceal the black ground and are intermixed with many narrow, forked,
brown upright ones ; scales on sides broader, white, contiguous ; setae bordering
eyes rather short, curved, pale.

Prothoracic lobes remote dorsally, moderate, blackish, clothed with a few
narrow, curved whitish scales and_ short black bristles. Mesonotum deep brown,
clothed with narrow, curved scales about half covering the surface, the scales
reddish brown and brassy, the brown ones predominating dorsally, the brassy
ones at sides of disk and surrounding ante-scutellar bare space ; there is a small
bare spot on each side of middle on anterior third of mesonotum, before and
behind which the brassy scales are segregated into patches; scales without
any blue tinge. Scutellum trilobate, black, rather densely clothed with narrow,
curved silvery scales, each lobe with about ten moderate black bristles. Post-
notum elliptical, prominent, blackish, nude. Pleurae and coxae brown, clothed
with narrow, elliptical white scales and blackish setae.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, tapering posteriorly, the slender blade-
like cerci prominently exserted ; dorsal vestiture of dull black scales, apices of
second and third segments with a diffused band of soiled yellowish-white scales,
the two following segments with large, irregular, medianly divided apical bands
of white scales, the following with large sublateral patches extending nearly the
whole length of the segment, the seventh segment with lateral whitish scales;
first segment with a patch of white scales in the middle and with many long
brown 'setae ; venter with black and white scales intermixed about equally, except
on the seventh segment, where the black scales predominate.
38

586

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Wings rather broad ; membrane hyaline, iridescent ; stem of second marginal
cell about three-fifths the length of its cell, that of second posterior cell much
shorter than its cell ; basal cross-vein distant its own length from anterior cross-
vein; veins brownish; vestiture of rather broad truncate-tipped scales, black
and white intermixed, the black predominating, the outstanding scales long,
ligulate to narrowly lanceolate, blackish; a rather long patch of small, dense
black scales at base of third vein; fringe dark, with pale shadings towards
apex. Halteres entirely pale.

Legs rather long and slender, with coarse long setae ; femora black and white
scaled, the black scales predominating, a narrow white ring at tip of trochanters
and at outer fourth, apices white ; tibia? black scaled, with about twelve little
patches of white scales evenly spaced; tarsi black, with moderate white rings
at bases of joints, basal joints of all the tarsi with a broad median white ring ;
last joint of front and mid tarsi entirely black. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Life history and habits unknown.

Texas.

Brownsville, May 21, June 5, 1904 (H. S. Barber).

We possess only the original type specimens from Brownsville, Texas.
Further observations are needed to determine the validity of the species.

PSOROPHORA FLORIDENSE (Dyar & Knab).

Janthinosoma floridense Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 135, 1906.
Janthinosoma floridense Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 603, 1910.

Original Description of Janthinosoma floridense:

As in J. texanum Dyar & Knab, but the thorax violet blue. The pale abdominal
bands are powdery, interrupted dorsally and confused; the general color, including
the wings, is dark, and the third vein has scale tufts throughout its length, instead
of at base only.

105 specimens, Tampa, Kissimmee, Sanford, Arcadia, Bartow, Pokatee, Alligator
Creek, Florida (Dyar & Caudell).
Type— Cat. No. 9972, U. S. Nat. Mas.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of PsoRomoRA floridense:

Female. — Proboscis rather short and stout, cylindrical, uniform ; labellge coni-
cally tapered ; vestiture of black scales with a broad yellowish-white median ring
with diffused edges and a few black scales intermixed ; set* minute, curved,
black, those on labellse more prominently outstanding. Palpi short and stout,
about one-fourth as long as proboscis, densely clothed with black scales, the tip
pure white ; seta? rather long and black. Antennas moderate ; joints subequal,
black, rugose, with a silky luster which makes them appear part white in certain
lights ; proximal joints shorter than distal ones ; tori subspherical, luteous, with
a patch of white scales; hairs of whorls rather short, sparse, black. Clypeus
elliptical, blackish, nude. Eyes black. Occiput short, black, with very narrow,
curved bluish-white scales and many slender, erect, forked black ones ; the scales
about half cover the surface but are denser in a small patch in middle of each
side, below which at eye-margin is a quadrate patch of broad blackish scales
followed by broad white scales ; also dense but narrow white scales on vertex.

Prothoracic lobes moderate, elliptical, remote dorsally, black, with narrow,
curved white scales with a violaceous blue luster and many rather long black
bristles. Mesonotum deep brown; vestiture of very narrow, curved, deep
reddish-brown scales, variegated with pale violaceous blue ones, the pale-blue
scales scattered along anterior margin and in a curved stripe along sides of disk
connected to a rounded spot behind the sublateral bare depressions ; a number
of these scales scattered over the general surface and a large patch before ante-
scutellar bare space and on either side of it ; bristles numerous, longest at roots

PSOROPHORA FLORIDENSE

587

of wings, brown, with black tips. Scutellum trilobate, black, densely clothed
with silvery violaceous scales, each lobe with a group of about ten black bristles.
Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown, nude. Pleurae and coxae brown,
clothed with rather narrow, elliptical white scales, the setae short, blackish.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, the posterior segments tapering; dorsum
clothed with broad, flat black scales and yellowish-white ones, the white ones
forming a broad apical band on second segment, on the following segments the
apical band is divided medianly, on the fifth segment forming large, irregular,
sublateral posterior spots, on the sixth and seventh segments the spots are again
divided transversely, forming a pair of median and apical lateral spots; venter
with black and light colored scales nearly evenly intermixed, some of the scales
white and others ocherous, not forming a defined pattern, the black scales tend-
ing to form subapical bands, particularly on the distal segments; setae rather
numerous, short, mostly dark.

Wings rather broad, membrane smoky-hyaline; petiole of second marginal
cell rather less than half as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell a little
longer; basal cross- vein more than its own length distant from anterior cross-
vein; veins brownish ; vestiture of black scales with a few white ones irregularly
intermixed, appressed scales of veins broad, with rounded-triangular tips, a
short cluster of these at base of third vein and similar scales distributed along
most of the length of this vein ; outstanding scales on apical half of wing
broadly linear, long, brown, those on fork of second vein broader and denser;
fringe blackish. Halteres whitish, the knobs darker.

Legs rather long and slender, with long black setae, especially on the femora;
femora mostly whitish scaled below, black scales above with white ones inter-
mixed, the extreme base and apex and a narrow subapical ring white ; tibiae black
scaled, with numerous little patches of white scales, about ten in the length of
the tibia ; tarsi black scaled, each joint with a rather narrow white basal ring,
the first joint with a narrow median white ring in addition ; on the fore legs the
last two joints and on the middle legs the last joint entirely black. Claw
formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 5.5 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, rather long and slender, a narrow pale ring be-
yond the middle. Palpi exceeding the proboscis by the length of the last two
joints, which are long, slightly thickened and upturned ; vestiture black, small
patches of white scales at bases of joints, a whitish bare ring at false articulation
before middle of long joint; tip of long joint and last two joints with long,
dense, dark brown hairs. Antennae plumose, the last two joints long and pilose,
the rest short, whitish, blackish at origins of hair-whorls ; hairs long, dense,
brown, appearing luteous in certain lights by reflection. Coloration similar to
the female. Abdomen long, depressed, with long and dense, brown lateral
filiation. Wings narrower than in the female, less smoky, the stems of the fork-
cells much longer, that of the second marginal cell being as long as its cell ;
vestiture much less developed; fringe pale gray. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 3.7 mm.

Genitalia (plate 22, fig. 153) : Side-pieces about twice as long as wide, with
a rounded tip, apical lobe well developed, prominent, rounded; no basal lobe.
Clasp-filament stout, greatly swollen in center on inner side and a stout terminal
articulated spine. Harpes flat, concave, inner margins thickened and revolute,
curved over at tip, widely cleft to form a short tooth projecting laterally. Har-
pagones with a narrow ligulate base and triangular expanded apex bearing six
stout setae, of which the four inner ones are feathered. Unci approximate, form-
ing a short stout comb with truncate tip, the margins broadly revolute, touching
centrally.

588

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Larva, Stage IV (plate 115, fig. 393). — Head transverse, rounded, widest
through eyes ; antennae long, stout, nearly uniform, spinose, a moderate tuft at
middle ; upper pair of dorsal head-hairs in fives, lower in threes, ante-antennal
tuft multiple. Lateral comb of eighth segment of six to eight scales on a weak
chitinous plate; single scale with small spines on angles and a long central
point. Air-tube inflated, fusiform, about four times as long as basal diameter ;
pecten of five widely spaced teeth, the small hair-tuft at apical third of tube.
Anal segment longer than wide, ringed by a chitinous band ; dorsal tuft a long
hair and multiple tuft on each side; ventral brush running along ventral line
almost to base. Anal gills long, slender, tapering, equal.

The larvae live in temporary ground-puddles. Dr. Dyar found them especially
abundant in puddles without vegetation, such as new railroad ditches or exca-
vations caused by digging in clay ground. In such situations they were often
the only mosquito larvae present. Although this species was very common, no
specimens were taken attempting to bite. It seems probable that the adults do
not bite man, at least habitually. Dr. Bryd found the larvae in a small stream in
the city.

Florida.

Tampa, March 18, 1905 (H. G. Dyar) ; Kissimmee, March 19, 1905 (H. G.
Dyar) ; Sanford, March 17, 1905 (Dyar & Caudell) ; Alligator Creek, March
18, 1905 (A. N. Caudell) ; Pokatee, March 19, 1905 (A. N. Caudell) ; Arcadia,
March 19, 1905 (A. N. Caudell) ; Bartow, March 20, 1905 (A. N. Caudell) ;
Estero, August 16, 1906 (J. B. van Duzee) ; Jacksonville, July 2, 1906 (H.
Byrd).

Psorophora floridense has been occasionally confused with the more northerly
distributed Psorophora columbice.

PSOROPHORA TOLTECUM (Dyar & Knab).

Twniorhynchus verturbans Parker, Beyer & Pothier (not Walker), Yell. Fever Inst,
Bull. i3, 37, 38, 1903.

Janthinosoma jamaicensis Dyar & Knab (in part, not Theobald), Journ. N. Y. Ent.
Soc, xiv, 183, 1906.

Janthinosoma toltecum Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 135, 1906.
Janthinosoma toltecum Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 604, 1910.

Original Description of Janthinosoma toltecum:

As in J. floridense Dyar & Knab, but the pale abdominal bands are extensive,
broken only on the last segments; the scales on the scutellum have a silvery luster.

89 specimens, Tehuantepec, Salina Cruz, Rincon Antonio, Santa Lucrecia, Almo-
loya, Mexico (F. Knab) ; Vera Cruz, Mexico (G. E. Beyer) ; Dallas, Texas, September
14 (W. E. Hinds).

Type— Cat. No. 9973, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Psorophora toltecum :

Female— Proboscis rather short, subcylindrical, uniform, labellae conically
tapered ; vestiture of small black scales at base and apex, the middle half yel-
lowish white, the edges of this pale area diffused; setae small, curved, black,
those on labella? more prominently outstanding. Palpi short and stout, about
one-fourth as long as proboscis, black scaled, with white tips ; setae rather long
and black. Antennae moderate ; basal joints short, distal ones longer, rugose,
pilose, black, four basal ones paler; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical
depression, brown, a patch of white scales within ; hairs of whorls sparse, short,
black. Clypeus elliptical, prominent, dark brown, nude. Eyes black. Occiput
narrow, convex, blackish, clothed with narrow, curved white scales and many
slender, erect, forked, deep brown ones, a patch of broad, flat brown scales
laterally at eye-margin, the white scales below dense, broad and flat; setae along
margins of eyes numerous, brown.

PSOROPHORA TOLTECUM

589

Prothoracic lobes moderate, elliptical, remote dorsally, brown, clothed with
narrow, curved white scales with a faint violaceous reflection and numerous
rather short blackish bristles. Mesonotum deep brown, the two impressed, bare
longitudinal stripes visible on anterior edge, concealed beyond by the vestiture ;
vestiture of narrow, curved white scales with a faint violaceous reflection in-
terspersed in patches among the predominating bronzy brown ones ; the whitish
scales occur principally in lunate patches on anterior margin, in spots behind
the lateral depressions, along the sides, and particularly about ante-scutellar
bare space and above roots of wings; also two indistinct dorsal stripes. Scu-
tellum trilobate, gray, clothed with narrow silvery scales, each lobe with a large
group of brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown, nude,
slightly pruinose. Pleura? and coxae brown, clothed with narrowly elliptical
white scales and with rows of short black bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, posterior segments tapering; dorsal vesti-
ture of black and yellowish-white scales, the pale scales forming large apical
bands and subquadrate subdorsal patches which leave narrow, black basal and
sublateral margins; the bands uninterrupted on first three segments, posteriorly
broken on median line, forming sublateral spots from near base to apex ; lines
of silvery-white scales on posterior margins of segments laterally to angles, the
lateral margins narrowly white scaled except at bases of segments ; first seg-
ment clothed with dull-whitish scales and with many pale-brown setae; venter
with black and pale scales intermixed, the pale ones predominating, the dark
ones tending to form apical bands.

Wings rather broad, membrane hyaline with smoky tinge ; petiole of second
marginal cell shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell of about same
length as its cell ; basal cross-vein more than its own length from anterior cross-
vein ; veins brownish ; scales rather broadly triangular, blackish and dull white
intermixed, the dark scales predominating, a small patch of black scales at base
of third vein; outstanding scales ligulate, on terminal portion of wing lan-
ceolate, mostly dark, but with a number of pale ones intermixed ; fringe entirely
dark. Halteres white, the tips slightly dusky.

Legs moderately long, rather stout ; femora clothed with black and yellowish-
white scales intermixed, the white ones predominating ventrally, extreme base
and apex and a narrow subapical ring white; tibia? black, with many little
white patches ; tarsi black, each joint with a white basal ring, the first joint with
a median one in addition, on front tarsi the last two joints, on middle tarsi the
last joint entirely black; setae rather long, coarse, and black. Claw formula,
0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, dark scaled, with a pale ring beyond middle
Palpi exceeding the proboscis by nearly the length of the last two joints which
are long, slightly thickened and upturned; vestiture black, white basally on
last two joints, a bare white ring at the false articulation of long joint ; apex of
long joint and last two joints with dense, long blackish hairs. Antennae plu-
mose; last two joints long, slender, pilose, the others short, with a thickened
black ring at the origins of hair-whorls and pale tips ; hairs of whorls abundant,
long, brown. Coloration similar to the female. Abdomen long, depressed, with
dense and long, pale brown lateral ciliation. Wings much narrower than in the
female, the stems of the fork-cells longer, the membrane not smoky tinged,
the scaling on the veins less abundant. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 22, fig. 155) : Side-pieces more than twice as long as wide,
apical lobe well developed, continuous with side-piece, forming a prominent
apical angle; no basal lobe. Clasp-filament stout, strongly inflated on inner

590

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

side, reticulate ; a rather large terminal articulate spine. Harpes flat, concave,
inner margin thickened and revolute, curved over at tip, denticulate, the apex
slightly cleft. Harpagones with a narrow ligulate base, apex triangularly
widened and bearing seven large smooth setae. Unci approximate, forming a
blunt-tipped cone, the margins strongly revolute and approximate medially.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 115, fig. 392). — Head transverse, rounded, widest
through eyes ; antennae moderate, stout, nearly uniform, spinose, a rather small
hair-tuft at middle; dorsal head-hairs in multiple tufts. Lateral abdominal
hairs in sevens on first two segments, in twos on third to fifth segments, single
on sixth. Lateral comb of eighth segment of six scales on a weak chitinous
plate, each scale with spinules at angles and a long central spine. Air-tube in-
flated, fusiform, over three times as long as the basal diameter ; pecten of four
or five well separated teeth, a small hair-tuft at outer third. Anal segment
longer than broad, ringed by a chitinous band ; dorsal tuft a long hair and a tuft
on each side; lateral tuft small; ventral brush well developed, running along
ventral line nearly to base. Anal gills long, slender, tapering.

The larvae live in temporary ground-puddles. Mr. Knab found them in cattle
tracks in a marshy lane, in a rain-puddle in woods, in a large puddle in an old
Indian village, in a roadside pool, in a ditch of foul water, in a large puddle
which dried up very soon, in a muddy road, in a ditch by railroad tracks, and in
a puddle in a stream -bed. Although abundant, no specimens were taken at-
tempting to bite.

Southern Mexico to Texas.

Santa Lucrecia, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, June 20, 1905 (P. Knab) ;
Hacienda La Oaxaquena, near Santa Lucrecia, Mexico, September, 1911 (F.
W. Urich) ; Eincon Antonio, Oaxaca, Mexico, June 24, 1905 (F. Knab) ;
Tehuantepec, Mexico, June 30, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Salina Cruz, Mexico, July
7, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Almoloya, Mexico, July 21, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Vera Cruz,
Mexico, August, 1902 (G. E. Beyer) ; Dallas, Texas, September 14, 1905, and
October 3, 1907 (W. E. Hinds, E. A. Cushman).

PSOROPHORA COLUMBIA (Dyar & Knab).

Oulex perturbans Howard (not Walker), U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent, Bull. 4, n. s.,
22, 1896.

Culex perturbans Howard (in part, not Walker), U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. 25,
n. s., 20, 30, 1900.

Culex perturbans Coquillett (not Walker), U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Circ. 40, 2 Ser.,
6, 1900.

Culex perturbans Howard (not Walker), Mosquitoes, 238, 1901.
Culex confinis Herrick (not Arribalzaga), Miss. Agr. Exp. Stat., Bull. 74, 17, 1901.
Culex confinis Dyar (not Arrlbalzaga), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, ix, 179, 1901.
Culex confinis Smith (not Arrlbalzaga), Ent. News, xiii, 300, pi. xv, flg. 7, 1902.
Culex confinis Dyar (not Arribalzaga), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 51, 1902.
Culex jamaicensis Dyar (not Theobald), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 146, pi ii, flg. 9,
1903.

Culex jamaicensis Smith (not Theobald), N. J. Agr. Exp. Stat., Bull. 171, 37, 1904.
Qrabhamia jamaicensis Herrick (not Theobald), Ent. News, xv, 81, 1904.
Culex jamaicensis Felt (not Theobald ), Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 298, 1904.
Culex confinis Felt (in part, not Arribalzaga), Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 302, 1904.
Culex confinis Blanchard (in part, not Arribalzaga), Les Moustiques, 297, 1905.
Culex jamaicensis Smith (not Theobald), N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 186, 1905.
Qrabhamia jamaicensis Felt (not Theobald), Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 472, 1905.
Janthinosoma jamaicensis Dyar & Knab (in part), Journ. N. Y. Ent Soc, xiv, 183,
1906.

Qrabhamia jamaicensis Coquillett (not Theobald), TJ. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech.
Ser. 11, 21, 1906.

Qrabhamia jamaicensis Dyar (not Theobald), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circular
72, 3, 1906.

Janthinosoma Columbia: Dyar & Knab, Proc, Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 135, 1906.

PSOROPHOHA COLUMBI2E

591

Grabhamia jamaicensis Theobald (not Theobald), Mon. Cullcid., iv, 286, 1907.
Culex (Grabhamia) jamaicensis Viereck (not Theobald), 1st Ann. Rept. Comm.

Health Pa., 471, 1908.
Aedes columbiw Thibault, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xii, 16, 1910.
Grabhamia jamaicensis Theobald (In part), Mon. Cullc, v, 281, 1910.
Janthinosoma columbiw Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 604, 1910.
Aedes jamaicensis Morse, Ann Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 717, 1910.

Original Description of Janthinosoma columbine:

As In J. toltecum Dyar & Knab, but the abdomen more strongly pale scaled, the
third vein with the broad scales in a basal dot only, the scutellum without silvery
luster.

59 specimens, Grassymead, Va. (H. G. Dyar); Del Ray and St. Elmo, Va. (F. C.
Pratt); Woodstock, Va. (J. Kotinsky); Delair, N. J. (AV. P. Seal); Cold Spring
Harbor, N. Y. (F. E. Lutz) ; Greensboro, N. C. (F. C. Pratt); Tutuila, Jackson, Bel-
zoni, Clarksdale, Corbin, Yazoo City, Miss. (H. S. Barber); Agricultural College,
Miss. (G. W. Herrick) ; Baton Rouge, La. (J. A. Morgan).

Type— Cat. No. 9974, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Description of Female, Male, Larva, Pupa, and Egg of Psobophora columble:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, cylindrical, uniform, labella? conically tapered ;
vestiture of small black scales at base and apex, the middle half yellowish white,
the edges of this pale area diffused; seta? small, curved, black, those on labellae
more prominently outstanding. Palpi short and stout, about one-fourth as long
as proboscis, black scaled with white tips; setae rather long and black. Antenna?
moderate, the basal joints short, the distal ones longer, rugose, pilose, black ;
tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical depression, dark brown, with a
cluster of white scales within; hairs of whorls sparse, short, black. Clypeus
elliptical, prominent, dark brown, nude. Eyes black. Occiput narrow, convex,
blackish, clothed with very narrow, curved white scales with a slight violaceous
tinge and many slender, erect, forked black ones, densest on the vertex, at the
sides a quadrate patch of broad, flat black scales, followed on the cheeks by
broad, flat white scales ; seta? along margins of eyes numerous, black.

Prothoracic lobes moderate, elliptical, remote dorsally, blackish, clothed with
narrow, curved wrhite scales with a faint violaceous reflection and numerous
rather short blackish bristles. Mesonotum blackish brown, with two longitu-
dinal impressed stripes, bare at anterior margin, these and a median stripe
darker; vestiture of narrow, curved white scales with a violaceous submetallic
reflection interspersed among smaller rich golden brown ones ; the bluish scales
occur principally in patches on anterior edge, in a distinct spot behind the lateral
depressions, along the sides, and bordering the ante-scutellar bare space, but also
slightly overspreading the dorsum. Scutellum trilobate, gray, clothed with
narrow, curved silvery scales, each lobe with a large group of brown bristles.
Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown, nude, slightly pruinose. Pleura?
and coxa? blackish brown, clothed with narrowly elliptical white scales and rows
of short black bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, posterior segments tapering; dorsal vesti-
ture of black and yellowish-white scales, the pale scales in large subquadrate,
transverse, apical patches, forming an uninterrupted band on the second seg-
ment, in the following ones divided on the median line, forming sublateral spots
which are sometimes again divided transversely into submedian and posterior
spots, the last segment almost wholly black; patches of silvery scales at hind
angles of segments, lateral margins continuously white scaled; first segment
clothed with dull-whitish scales and with many pale-brown seta?; venter with
black and pale scales intermixed, the pale ones predominating, the black ones
tending to form median apical spots on distal segments.

Wings rather broad, the membrane hyaline with a smoky tinge; petiole of
second marginal cell much shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell
shorter than its cell ; basal cross-vein more than its own length from anterior

592

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

cross-vein; veins brownish; scales rather broadly triangular, black and white
intermixed, the dark ones predominating; a moderate patch of black scales at
base of third vein; outstanding scales ligulate, on terminal portion of wing
narrowly lanceolate, mostly dark but with a number of pale ones intermixed ;
fringe entirely dark. Halteres white, tips slightly dusky.

Legs moderately long, rather stout; femora clothed with black and white
scales intermixed, the white ones predominating ventrally, extreme base and
apex and a narrow subapical ring white; tibiae black, with many little white
patches ; tarsi black, each joint with a white basal ring, first joint with a median
one in addition ; on the front tarsi the last two joints, on the middle tarsi the
last joint entirely black; seta? rather long, coarse and black. Claw formula,
0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, dark scaled, a narrow pale ring beyond the middle.
Palpi exceeding the proboscis by nearly the length of the last two joints, which
are long, slightly thickened and upturned; vestiture black, bases of last two
joints narrowly white, a bare white ring at the false articulation of the long
joint; apex of long joint and last two joints with dense, long black hairs.
Antenna? plumose ; last two joints long, slender, pilose, the others short, with a
thickened black ring at origin of hair-whorl and pale tip; hairs of whorls
abundant, long, brown. Coloration similar to the female. Abdomen long,
depressed, with long and abundant pale brown lateral ciliation. Wings nar-
rower than in the female, the stems of the fork-cells longer, the scaling on the
veins less abundant. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 3.7 mm.

Genitalia (plate 22, fig. 156) : Side-pieces more than twice as long as wide,
apical lobe well developed, continuous with side-pieces, forming an apical
prominence ; no basal lobe. Clasp-filament stout, strongly inflated, mostly on
inner side; a rather large terminal articulated spine. Harpes flat, concave,
inner margin thickened and revolute, curved over and minutely trifid at tip.
Harpagones with a narrow ligulate base, apex triangular, widened and bearing
four large smooth seta? with minutely divided apices. Unci approximate, form-
ing a blunt-tipped cone, the margins strongly revolute and approximate
medially.

Larva, Stage IV (see figure of the entire larva, plate 59). — Head rounded,
wider than long, narrowed before eyes, a slight notch at insertion of antennae
front margin broadly arcuate. Antenna? long, but not extraordinarily so,
subcylindrical, slightly tapered, slightly widened at tip, a little curved, sparsely
spined all over ; a moderate tuft a little before middle ; two long subapical spines,
a long spine and two digits at tip, the central one larger and broader than the
other. Eyes large, transverse, pointed. Upper pair of dorsal head-tufts mul-
tiple, lower triple, ante-antennal tuft multiple. Mental plate elongate triangu-
lar, longer than wide, a central tooth with thirteen on each side, all much alike,
basal ones a little larger. Mandible quadrangular, nearly smooth without; a
single filament near tip ; an outer row of stout cilia from a distinct collar ; six
small feathered hairs on outer margin from angular elevations; dentition of
four teeth on a process ; a filament above, a group of five small irregular ones at
base, a long double dentate filament and branched seta within; process below
furcate, with patches of hair ; six hairs within ; nine long seta? at base. Maxilla
nearly spherical, divided by a narrow, curved suture ; inner half hairy ; a line of
long hairs at tip ; outer half with a large process next the suture and a spine on
the other side. Palpus very small, basally placed; four digits small, the two
central ones almost obsolete. Thorax rounded, wider than long, robust; hairs
abundant but not long, the subdorsal prothoracic ones single. Abdomen stout,

PSOROPHORA COLUMBIA

593

the anterior segments shorter; lateral hairs of first two segments multiple,
double on third to fifth, single on sixth ; long single subdorsal hairs on third to
fifth segments. Tracheal tubes broad, band-shaped, irregularly flexuous pos-
teriorly. Air-tube large, strongly inflated, tapered on outer half, three times as
long as wide ; pecten of four teeth scattered over basal half of tube ; single tooth
a long blunt spine with a simple furcation towards base; a small tuft at outer
third of tube. Lateral comb of eighth segment of six scales joined by a basal
chitinous band ; single scale rectangular, twice as long as wide, with a long
terminal spine longer than the body of the scale, a stout, curved subapical spine
and three smaller ones on the sides. Anal segment longer than wide, ringed by
the plate ; dorsal tuft a long hair and brush on each side ; a small lateral tuft ;
ventral brush well developed, extending along the ventral line to base. Anal
gills long, twice as long as the segment, regularly tapered to a sharp tip, each
with a slight central trachea.

Pupa (plate 149, fig. 706). — Thoracic mass subpyriform, small tufts on an-
terior edge of mesothorax; air-tubes short, funnel shaped, obliquely truncate
at tip; crest of thorax rugose. Abdomen stout, rather short, hairs well de-
veloped ; a pair of fan-shaped tufts on posterior margin of mesothorax and
another on first abdominal segment; long hairs on fourth and fifth segments;
three little lateral tufts on seventh segment and one on eighth. Anal paddles
with a distinct apical spine.

Egg (plate 146, fig. 672). — Eather large, fusiform, black, reticulated, covered
with recumbent spines, one of which arises from the edge of each cell-area.

The eggs are laid on the ground, probably when dry, but in places where
water is likely to accumulate. The eggs apparently do not hatch until the
following year. They hatch immediately after a heavy rain, and the larvae
develop rapidly. Mr. Herrick has published observations on the life history.
He notes that the larvae appeared in a pool within twelve hours after a rain.
They are found in all sorts of ground puddles, but principally in open ones,
often without vegetation and muddy. They abound in ditches along roads or
railroads, where these are not well graded, especially soon after such places have
been made and before they are filled with vegetation. We have not observed the
female attacking man in the vicinity of Washington, although the species is
common at times. Some of our specimens are filled with blood, but this may be
blood of animals other than man. Certainly the species is not a noxious one.
Thibault, who has observed the species in Arkansas, makes the following state-
ment : " Quite abundant and annoying near breeding-places. Prefers open
fields and large open marshes to woods ; often about dwellings ; will bite either
at midday or perhaps more frequently in evening; very troublesome to live
stock ; seldom taken indoors. Taken as early as May, but is not abundant until
summer as a rule. Seldom taken in fall. Females taken more often than
males." Hibernation occurs in the egg-state. We have no observations about
the mating habits.

Eastern United States from New York southward.

Cold Spring Harbor, New York, July 17, 1901 (F. E. Lutz) ; Delair, New
Jersey, July 10, 1901 (W. P. Seal) ; Kanawha Station, West Virginia, July 20,
1907 (A. D. Hopkins) ; Hyattsville, Maryland, August, 1906 (A. Busck) ;
Washington, District of Columbia (W. V. Warner) ; Woodstock, Virginia,
June 6, 1900 (F. C. Pratt) ; Grassymead, Virginia, June 21 (H. G-. Dyar) ;
Arlington, Virginia, June 25, 1906 (A. Busck) ; St. Elmo and Del Ray, Vir-
ginia, June 7, 1903 (F. C. Pratt) ; St. Louis, Missouri, May 23, 1904 (A.
Busck)'; Atlanta, Georgia, July 4, 1906 (W. B. Summerall) ; Greensboro, North
Carolina, August, 1901 (F. C. Pratt) ; Rives, Tennessee, July 27, 1904 (H. S.
Barber) ; Corbin, Kentucky, August 24, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Little Rock,

594

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Arkansas, July 11, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Scott, Arkansas, October 6, 1908 (J.
K. Thibault, Jr.) ; Agricultural College, Mississippi, June 8, 1903 (G. W.
Herrick) ; Tutwiler, Mississippi, August 2, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Jackson,
Mississippi, August 7, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Belzona, Mississippi, August 3,
1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Clarksdale, Mississippi, July 31, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ;
Yazoo City, Mississippi, August 5, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Johnson's Bayou,
Louisiana, July 26, 1906 (J. D. Mitchell) ; New Orleans, Louisiana, January 7.
1904 (S. G. Gill).

In his early studies of the North American mosquitoes, Mr. D. W. Coquillett
identified this species as the Culex perturbans of Walker. Later, finding that
this identification was erroneous, he adopted the name Culex confinis, assuming
it to be the Tceniorhynchus confinnis of Arribalzaga. Still later he again
changed the name, adopting Culex jamaicensis of Theobald. Our species is
closely related, but, we believe, specifically distinct from the insular form.
In fact, that type produces several local forms upon the mainland, which we
class as species, correctly, we think, with our present information. These species
are Psorophora texanum, P. floridense, P. ioltecum, and P. columbice. Con-
sequently we have felt obliged to make a fourth change in the name under which
this species is known. If this matter is kept in mind there will not be any diffi-
culty experienced with the confusing synonymy. To show how confusing it is,
Dr. Felt, misled by the numerous names, quotes the species twice, once as Culex
jamaicensis, then finding the name Culex confinis in one of Dr. Smith's publi-
cations, he supposed that this must be another species, which he quotes as un-
known to him, and adds Theobald's description compiled and translated by that
author from Arribalzaga's Latin description of specimens from the interior of
Argentina. It is entirely improbable that the Argentine species (confinnis) has
anything to do, even remotely, with any North American species. In fact, it re-
mains unknown today, and probably will so remain until someone procures
specimens from that remote locality. Mr. Theobald's subsequent identification
of Teeniorhynchus confinnis in specimens from Brazil and Trinidad is, we think,
incorrect, as he had before him specimens of Psorophora apicalis (see p. 599).
We have cited this error of Dr. Felt's at some length, as it shows to what extent
a matter of misidentification may lead. We could, in fact, pursue this chain of
error further, but it is scarcely necessary in this connection, beyond our citations
of the literature.

PSOROPHORA INFINE (Dyar & Knab).

Grabhamia confinis Coquillett (not Taeniorhynchus confinnis Arribalzaga), U. S.

Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 21, 1906.
Janthinosoma infine Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 181, 182, 1906.
Grabhamia infine Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., viii, 16, 1906.

Original Description of Janthinosoma infine:

The characters are normal for the genus. The antennae are greatly developed, the
anal segment short, the scales of the lateral comb of the eighth segment are joined
by a very weak chitinous band; the single scale has its apical spinule long. The
larvae were collected by Mr. Busck in Trinidad and St. Domingo in rain water pools
and ditches, in a spring in a cave, in a slowly running spring, in a pot-hole in coral
rock in the woods, in a pot-hole near the coast with rather salt water and in holes
made by wild pigs in the San Francisco Mts. of St Domingo. The specimens have
been named " Culex confinis," but confinis was described by Arribalzaga from the
Argentine and is referred by Blanchard to Tceniorhynchus; so we do not accept the
identification.

The following is an abstract of the table :

1. Antennae long and prominent, longer than the head 2

2. Anal segment short, shorter than wide 4

4. Pecten teeth of the air tube with four long sharp spines infine

PSOROPHORA INFINE

595

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Psorophora infine:

Female. — Proboscis rather slender, cylindrical, uniform, labella? conically
tapered ; vestiture of small black scales, a small ring of white ones at distal third,
its edges ill defined, tip of labellae gray; setae small, black, curved, those on
labella? more prominently outstanding. Palpi short, stout, about one-fourth as
long as proboscis, black scaled, the tips white ; setae rather long, black. Antennas
slender, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black; second joint a little longer
than the others, pale at its base ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical ex-
cavation, brown, a patch of silvery scales on inner side ; hairs of whorls rather
short, sparse, black. Clypeus elliptical, convex, blackish, nude. Eyes black.
Occiput narrow, convex, dark brown, clothed with narrow, curved silvery scales
which about half cover the surface and are denser along median line, laterally
and along ocular margins, many narrow, erect, forked black ones, at the sides
a patch of broad, flat black scales, on the cheeks broad, flat silvery scales ; eyes
bordered by a row of curved black bristles.

Prothoracic lobes moderate, elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with narrow,
curved white scales and black bristles. Mesonotum deep brown, darker in a
pair of submedian stripes and in a spot on lateral areas, a row of black bristles
on the dark stripes intensifies their color; vestiture of rather sparse, minute,
curved golden-brown scales, a patch of narrow silvery-white ones at anterior
angles and a pair of distinct small rounded spots medianly behind lateral de-
pressions, a few silvery scales scattered over the disk, a small patch in front of
ante-scutellar bare space and one on each side of this next the scutellum, a
silvery spot before roots of wings; bristles black, numerous at roots of wings.
Scutellum trilobate, sordid gray, each lobe with a large patch of narrow, curved
silvery-white scales and about eight black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, promi-
nent, brown with a slight whitish pruinosity, nude. Pleura? and coxae brown,
clothed with narrow elliptical, flat white scales and brownish bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, tapering posteriorly, the cerci prominently
exserted ; vestiture of black scales with brownish luster ; apices of segments nar-
rowly margined with flat silvery-white scales, very narrowly interrupted
mesially on the second segment, more broadly so on each successive segment, the
last wholly black ; first segment with a median patch of black scales and with
many brown setae; sides with an irregular row of sordid white scales forming an
ill-defined line ; venter clothed with whitish-golden scales, except at tip of last
segment, which is dark brown ; seta? short, black dorsally, golden ventrally.

Wings rather broad, hyaline, iridescent; petiole of second marginal cell
much shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell also shorter than its
cell ; basal cross-vein rather less than its own length distant from anterior cross-
vein ; veins brown ; scales brownish black throughout, the outstanding ones on
apical half of wing narrowly lanceolate. Halteres entirely pale.

Legs moderately long and slender; femora clothed with pale-yellow scales
below towards base, the upper side and tips black, extreme base and apex yel-
lowish white, a narrow white ring before apical fourth, a row of white spots
on inner side of front and median pairs ; tibiae black, with about nine little white
spots along sides; tarsi black, each joint with a narrow pure white basal ring,
almost obsolete on fore and middle tarsi and with the last two joints entirely
black ; broader on the hind tarsi, the last joint with the basal half white. Claw
formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, rather long and slender, slightly thickened towards
apex, dark scaled, with a distinct white ring beyond middle. Palpi exceeding
the proboscis by nearly the length of the last two joints, which are long,
cylindrical, hardly enlarged ; vestiture black, a narrow white ring at bases of

596

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

last two joints and before middle of long joint ; end of long joint and last two
joints with rather short black bristles. Antennas plumose ; last two joints long
and pilose, the others short, black at insertions of hair-whorls, paler beyond;
hairs of whorls long, dense, blackish brown. Coloration similar to the female.
Abdomen elongate, depressed, with abundant, rather coarse, brown lateral
ciliation; the narrow white apical segmental bands distinctly divided in the
middle, especially posteriorly. Wings narrower than in the female, the stems of
the fork-cells longer, the vestiture less abundant. Claw formula, 1.0-1.0-0.0.
Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Genitalia (plate 23, fig. 160) : Side-pieces more than twice as long as wide,
conically tapered, the apical lobe undeveloped, the basal lobe absent; clasp-fila-
ment stout, strongly swollen at outer two-thirds with a few minute setae, a short
stout articulated terminal spine. Harpes flat, concave, inner margin thickened
and revolute, cleft at tip, forming two teeth directed outwardly. Harpagones
with a slender ligulate base and broadly triangular tip bearing six stout setae
on elevated bases. Unci contiguous, forming a slender cone.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 116, fig. 395). — Head rounded, wider than long, nar-
rower before eyes, a notch at insertion of antennas, front margin broadly arcuate.
Antennae very long, longer than head, subcylindrical, slightly narrower on outer
half and a little widened at tip, curved, sparsely spined all over; a large tuft at
middle; three long hairs, a short hair, and a digit at tip. Eyes large, trans-
verse, pointed. Upper pair of dorsal head-hairs multiple, lower single; ante-
antennal tuft multiple. Mental plate triangular, with a central tooth and
thirteen on each side, all much alike, basal ones a little more sparsely placed.
Mandible quadrangular, a filament and three short hairs before tip; an outer
row of cilia ; a row of fine hairs from angular prominences on outer margin ;
dentition of four teeth on a process, the first larger; a spine before, a large
double tooth and a fan-shaped divided one at base, a broad coarsely serrate fila-
ment and three feathered hairs within ; process below furcate, with tufts of hair
and a line of hairs running basally ; basal angle small ; a row of hairs within and
a row at base. Maxilla elongate, tip conical, divided by a band-shaped suture ;
inner half with lines of stiff cilia ; a tuft of long hairs at tip ; outer half with a
single articulated filament next the suture near the middle and a small subapical
spine on the other side. Palpus short, thick, with a long apical digit and three
short ones. Thorax rounded, wider than long; hairs abundant but not long.
Abdomen moderate, the anterior segments shorter; lateral hairs of first two
segments multiple, small and double on following segments. Tracheal tubes
broad, band-shaped, expanding in tube. Air-tube large, inflated, tapered on
outer half, three times as long as wide ; pecten of five or six teeth scattered over
basal half of tube; single tooth a long spine with very wide base and several
shorter basal spines. Lateral comb of eighth segment of six scales ; single scale
elliptical, with stout, curved outer rim bearing a central stout spine and a stout
curved subapical one, with smaller spines between and below. Anal segment not
longer than wide, ringed by the narrow plate ; dorsal tuft a long hair and brush
on each side ; a small lateral tuft ; ventral brush well developed, extending along
ventral line to near base. Anal gills long, longer than the segment, regularly
tapered to a sharp tip ; each with a slight central trachea.

The larvae live in ground-pools. Mr. Busck got them in a large pool under an
outhouse, twice in pig ponds, once in a slow spring frequented by pigs, and three
times in holes in coral rock.

Island of Santo Domingo, West Indies.

San Francisco Mountains, September, 1905 (A. Busck) ; Santo Domingo (F.
E. Campbell) ; Sanchez (W. J. Zalesky).

We recognize Psorophora infine only from Santo Domingo. The specimens
cited from Trinidad in the original description belong to Psorophora cingulatus.

PSOROPHORA CINGULATUS

597

PSOROPHORA CINGULATUS (Fabricius).
Culex cingulatus Fabricius, Syst. Antliat., 36, 1805.

Culex cingulatus Robineau-Desvoidy, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, iii, 408, 1827.
Culex cingulatus Wiedemann, Ausser. Zweifl. Ins., 1, 7, 1828.
Culex cingulatus Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 242, 1900.

Twniorhynchus confinnis Theobald (not Arribalzaga), Mon. Culic, iii, 251), 1903.
Janthinosoma scholasticus Dyar & Knab (not Culex scholasticus Theobald), Journ.

N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 181, 182, 1906.
Janthinosoma inline Dyar & Knab (in part), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 182, 1906.
Orabhamia scholasticus Dyar (not Culex scholasticus Theobald), Proc Ent. Soc

Wash., viii, 16, 1906.
Janthinosoma indoctum Dyar & Knab, Proc Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 161, 1906.
Twniorhynchus confinis Peryassu (not Arribalzaga), Os Culic. do Brazil, 227, 1908.
Culex scholasticus Theobald (in part, not Theobald), Mon. Culic, v, 121, 1910.
Ta>niorhynchus confinnis Theobald (not Arribalzaga), Mon. Culic, v, 419, 427, 1910.
Psorophora indoctum Howard, Dyar & Knab, Mosq. N. & Cent. Am. & W. Ind., ii,

pi. 142, fig. 614, 1913.

Original Description of Culex cingulatus:

cingulatus. 11. C testaceus, haustello tarsisque posticis albo annulatis.

Habitat in America meridionali Dom. Smidt. Mus. Dom. de
Sehestedt.

Statura et magnitudo omnino C. pipientis. Corpus totum testaceum
haustello tarsisque posticis albo annulatis.

Original Description of Janthinosoma scholasticus Dyar & Knab, not Culex
scholasticus Theobald :
Described from the Antilles. Our specimens are from Trinidad, taken by Mr.
Busck in rain water pools at Cedros, with the preceding species. We have accepted
this identification, although it is perhaps open to some doubt, as Mr. Coquillett later
applied this same name (scholasticus) to a very different species, collected by the
junior author in Central America, which same species he had also named " secutor
Theob." Not, however, the true secutor Theob. of Jamaica, of which we have speci-
mens from Dr. Grabham. (See Culex lactator and C. coronator described below.)

The following is an abstract of the table :

1. Antenna? long and prominent, longer than the head 2

2. Anal segment short, shorter than wide 4

4. Pecten teeth of the air tube with two reduced rounded branches

scholasticus

Original Description of Janthinosoma indoctum:

We propose this name for the larvae called "Janthinosoma scholasticus Theob."
(Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 182, 1906.) The adults resemble closely those of /. infine
Dyar & Knab, but differ in the ornamentation of the thorax. In infine the thorax is
dark reddish brown with two white spots on the disk, two at the front margin, faint,
and whitish scales on the scutellum; in indoctum the thorax is dull brown with
yellowish and white scales forming diffuse patches. Scholasticus Theobald is a true
Culex. All the indoctum are from Trinidad; all the infine from Santo Domingo.
The locality " Trinidad " should be erased in our description of infine.

22 specimens, Trinidad (F. W. Urich; A. Busck.)

Type— Cat. No. 10,026, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Description of Female, Male, and Laeva of Psorophora cingulatus :

Female. — Proboscis slender, subcylindrieal, uniform, labellae conically
tapered ; vestiture of small black scales, a small ring of white ones at distal
third, its edges ill defined, tip of labellae grey ; setae small, black, curved, those on
labellae more prominently outstanding. Palpi short, stout, about one-fourth as
long as proboscis, black scaled, the tips white ; setae rather long, black. Antennae
slender, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black; second joint a little longer
than the others, pale basally; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical ex-
cavation, blackish; hairs of whorls short, sparse, black. Clypeus elliptical, con-
vex, brown, nude. Eyes black. Occiput narrow, convex, dark brown, clothed
with narrow, curved silvery-whitish scales which about half cover the surface,
denser on ocular margin, and many long and slender, erect, forked black ones ;

598

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

at the sides a patch of broad, flat black scales, the cheeks covered with broad, flat,
silvery white scales ; eyes bordered by a row of curved black bristles.

Prothoracic lobes moderate, elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with narrow,
curved white scales and with black bristles. Mesonotum uniformly rich dark
brown, a median and sublateral rows of black bristles; vestiture of sparse,
minute, curved golden-brown scales, a diffused patch of larger silvery-white
ones at anterior angles, medianly a pair of large, diffused, transverse patches
behind and above the lateral depressions, some of these silvery scales scattered
over the disk, a large patch in front of the ante-scutellar bare space, and one on
each side of this next the scutellum, another over the roots of the wings ; bristles
black, numerous at roots of wings. Scutellum trilobate, dull luteous, each lobe
with a large patch of narrow, curved silvery-white scales and about eight black
bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown with a slight whitish
pruinosity, nude. Pleura? and coxa? brown, clothed with narrow, elliptical, flat
white scales and brownish bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, tapering posteriorly, the cerci prominently
exserted; dorsal vestiture of black scales with a brown luster, the apices of the
segments with narrow silvery-white bands interrupted in the middle, each
succeeding one more broadly so, last segment wholly black ; first segment with a
median patch of black scales and with many pale hairs ; sides with an irregular
row of white scales forming an ill-defined line; venter clothed with whitish-
golden scales, except sides at last segment, which are dark brown ; setae short,
black dorsally, golden ventrally.

Wings rather broad, hyaline, iridescent ; petiole of second marginal cell
shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell also shorter than its cell ; basal
cross-vein rather less than its own length distant from anterior cross- vein;
veins brown; scales brownish black throughout, outstanding ones narrowly
ligulate, those on fork of second vein denser and narrowly lanceolate. Halteres
entirely pale.

Legs moderately long and slender; femora clothed with pale-yellow scales
below towards base, upper side and tips black, extreme base and apex white, a
narrow white ring before apical fourth ; tibia? black, with about nine little white
spots along sides, the anterior pair with only a few white spots ; tarsi black, each
joint with a narrow white basal ring which is almost obsolete on fore and
middle tarsi, the last two joints being entirely black, last joint of hind pair
with the basal third white. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length: Body about 4.5 mm.; wing 3.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, black scaled, with a narrow white ring beyond
middle. Palpi exceeding the pi'oboscis by nearly the length of the last two joints,
which are long, subcylindrical, hardly enlarged ; vestiture black, with a narrow
white ring at base of last two joints and near middle of long joint; end of long
joint and last two joints with rather short black hairs. Antenna? plumose, the
last two joints long and pilose, the others short, black at insertions of hair-
whorls and whitish beyond; hairs of whorls long, dense, brown. Coloration
similar to the female. Abdomen long, depressed ; the silvery apical segmental
bands much broader than in the female and distinctly divided in the middle,
especially posteriorly, the last segment with a large silvery-white apical patch ;
lateral ciliation long and abundant, brown. Wings narrower than in the female,
the stems of the fork-cells longer, the vestiture less abundant. Claw formula,
1.0-1.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Genitalia (plate 22, fig. 157) : Side-pieces more than twice as long as wide,
conically tapered, apical lobe prominent, triangular, basal lobe absent ; clasp-
filament stout, strongly swollen medially, reticulate, a moderate stout articulated
terminal spine. Harpes flat, concave, inner margin thickened and revolute,

PSOROPHORA CINGULATUS

599

cleft at tip, forming two teeth directed outwardly. Harpagones with a slender
ligulate base and broadly triangular tip bearing six stout seta? on elevated bases.
Unci contiguous, forming a stout cone.

Larva, Stage IV. — Head rounded, wider than long, narrowed before the eyes,
a slight notch at insertion of antennas, front margin broadly arcuate. Antennas
very long and prominent, spined all over ; a large tuft before middle arising from
a slight notch ; two spines before tip, another spine, a short spine and a digit at
apex. Eyes large, transverse, pointed. Mental plate elongate triangular, with a
central tooth and fourteen on each side, becoming more remote and pointed
basally, the last one minute and remote. Mandible quadrangular ; a filament and
small tuft of hairs before tip ; an outer row of cilia from a collar ; a row of small
simple hairs from angular projecting bases along outer margin ; dentition of four
teeth on a small process, first and fourth longest ; a large tooth at base, with a
row of small serrations, a long serrate filament, and two short feathered hairs
within ; process below elongate, furcate; a row of hairs along its outer margin;
basal angle slight, with a row of five hairs within; a row of long hairs at base.
Maxilla rounded elliptical, divided by a broad crooked suture, inner half covered
with coarse spines; a tuft of coarse hairs at tip; outer half with a single articu-
lated filament at bend of suture, a spine on other side. Palpus stout, short, with
four irregular terminal digits. Thorax rounded, wider than long, robust ; hairs
abundant but not long. Abdomen stout, anterior segments shorter ; lateral hairs
of first two segments multiple, double on third to fifth, single on sixth.
Tracheal tubes broad, band-shaped. Air-tube large, strongly inflated, tapered
at outer half, three times as long as wide ; pecten of four teeth scattered over
basal third of tube; single spine long, with one or two basal branches. Lateral
comb of eighth segment of six separate scales ; single scale elliptical, with a long
stout terminal spine and a subterminal one on each side, less than half as long
as terminal one. Anal segment wider than long, ringed by the plate ; dorsal tuft
a long hair and brush on each side ; a small lateral tuft; ventral brush well de-
veloped, extending along ventral line to base. Anal gills long, twice as long as
the segment, tapered to a sharp tip ; each with a slight central trachea.

The larvse occur in ground-pools. Mr. Busck got them in an open pool near
a village and in low, open pools in a sugar-cane field.

North Coast of South America, Island of Trinidad.

Cedros, Trinidad, June 14, 1905 (A. Busck) ; San Juan, Trinidad, June 7,
1905 (A. Busck) ; Trinidad (F. W. Urich). Reported from South America
(Fabricius) and British Guiana (Theobald).

Psorophora cingulatus is extremely close to Psorophora apicalis (Theobald)
(Culcx apicalis Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 171, 1903), of which we possess a
specimen from Brazil, by the kindness of Dr. Arthur Neiva. There is a slight
difference in the shape of the wing-scales, those of the present species being blunt
at the tip, while those of apicalis are pointed. We feel obliged to keep the species
separate, although we doubt very much whether they are not really only geo-
graphical forms. We can not observe any other differences between the forms.
Theobald's identification of the species treated here with Arribalzaga's Taenior-
hynchus confinnis we do not accept on account of the geographical discontinuity.
If either species is the same as the Argentine one, it should be apicalis and not
cingulatus. We think, however, that neither is so and that the Argentine form,
when rediscovered, will prove abundantly distinct from both. Dr. Neiva has
examined Fabricius' type of cingulatus and writes us that he is convinced that
it is the same as apicalis Theobald. Owing to the geographical distribution of
these forms, and to the fact that the type of cingulatus probably came from the
Guianas', we feel obliged to consider cingulatus as referring to the northern
form which we called indoctum rather than to the southern apicalis. The figure

600

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

of the thoracic ornamentation given by Theobald (Mon. Culic., iii, 260, fig. 137)
is entirely misleading as it shows a well-defined pattern. Such is not the case :
not only are the markings of silvery scales very diffused, but their distribution
is also very different. We have figured the mental plate of the larva in this
work, vol. 2, pi. 142, fig. 614, under the name Psorophora indoctum. Dyar and
Knab at first applied the specific name scholasticus, furnished them by Coquil-
lett, to this species. It developed later that this determination resulted through
an error in the association of adults and larvae, the adults proving to be Culex
similis, while the larvas were those of this species. Coquillett added to the con-
fusion by referring to the genus Grabhamia the wrongly associated adults of
Culex (U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 21, 1906).

PSOROPHORA PYGMWA (Theobald).

Grabhamia pygmwa Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 245, 1903.
Culex nanus Coquillett, Can. Ent., xxxv, 256, 1903.
Culex nanus Pazos, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 134, 1904.
Twniorhynchus antiguw Giles, Journ. Trop. Med., vii, 382, 384, 1904.
Culex nanus Coffin, in Shattuck, The Bahama Ids., 284, 1905.
Grabhamia pygmwa Theobald and Grabham, Mosq. or Culic. of Jamaica, 31, 1905.
Grabhamia pygmwa Blanchard, Les Moust, 397, 1905.
Culex nanus Blanchard, Les Moust., 629, 1905.
Twniorhynchus antiguw Blanchard, Les. Moust., 631, 1905.
Janthinosoma pygmwa Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 162, 1906.
Grabhamia pygmwus Coquillett (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11,
21, 1906.

Grabhamia pygmwa Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 289, 1907.
Aedes pygmeus Pazos, San. y Ben., ii, 47, 318, 1909.
Grabhamia pygmwa Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 281, 1910.

Original Description of Grabhamia pygm^ea:

Differs from the former [Grabhamia jamaicensis] in the following characters:
Thorax mottled with dark brown, bright brown, and creamy scales, the dark brown
forming more or less distinct spots and a median line in front; the metatarsi show
no traces of median banding; there is no trace of the small black spot at the base of
the third long vein, and the wing scales are shorter and rather broader, and the
specimens are about half the size of Jamaicensis. The apical bands on the abdomen
are as in the former species, but are much whiter.

The wing is as follows: Fork-cells short, the first sub-marginal a little longer
and narrower than the second posterior; base of the first sub-marginal cell about
level with the base of the second posterior cell; stem of the first sub-marginalcell
a little more than half the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior nearly
two-thirds the length of the cell; posterior cross-vein about its own length behind
the mid cross-vein; elongate lateral scales on the apex of the first, the third, fourth,
and fifth veins; broad ones elsewhere.

Habitat. — Antigua (Forrest); and Jamaica (Grabham).

Time of capture. — August (Forrest); March (Grabham).

Observations. — Described from a series sent by Mr. Forrest. The rather short and
broad wing scales on the branches of the second fork-cell and its stem are shown
in Plate XI.

Original Description of Culex nanus :

Female. Near jamaicensis, but much smaller, the light-coloured scales on the
tibiae not collected into spots, mesonotum without round spots of yellowish scales,
etc. Black, the base of the antennae except the first joint, a band at middle of
proboscis, the halteres and bases of femora yellow; scales and hairs of palpi black,
appressed scales of occiput golden yellow, the upright ones black, scales of meso-
notum golden yellow, those of the abdomen black and with a broad crossband of
whitish ones on the hind margin of each segment, the last two segments nearly
wholly whitish scaled; scales of venter white, those of femora and tibiae mixed black
and whitish, the latter forming a ring near three-fourths the length of each femur,
scales of tarsi black, those at narrow bases of the joints whitish, tarsal claws simple;
wings hyaline, the scales mixed black and white, the black ones not collected into
spots, lateral scales of the anterior veins narrowly lanceolate, those of the other veins

PSOROPHORA PYGMJEA

601

almost linear; length, 3 mm. Four specimens collected at Key West, Florida, in
August, 1901, by Mr. August Busck, and six by Mr. E. A. Schwarz, April 1 to 3, 1903.
Type— No. 6893, U. S. National Museum.

Original Description of TVeniorhynchus antique :

<j>. Head dark grounded, with straw-coloured, curved and erect forked scales on
occiput and nape, and the lateral flat-scaled areas brindled black and yellow; palpi
almost entirely dark scaled. Pleurae not spotted. Legs and proboscis more or less
brindled throughout. Venter black, with narrow snowy apical bands. Of medium
size.

Habitat. — Antigua.

Somewhat resembles my Twniorhynchus ager, but the abdominal banding is quite
different. The proboscis wants the yellow tip, and its middle band is much broader.
The subapical bands on the thighs are also very characteristic.

The following is an abstract of table :
I. Species whose proboscides exhibit a paler band.

B. With the wings brindled but not actually spotted,
b. With the abdomen apically pale banded,
i. With the tarsi basally pale banded.

6. T. Antigua?, Giles. Wing brindled throughout with about
equally distributed black and pale yellow scales, the latter
almost forming spots on some inner veins. Inner rank
fringe scales alternately light and dark. Band on proboscis
broad yellow, not sharply defined, placed in middle. Ab-
dominal segments dark, with conspicuous triangular apical
snowy bands, and occasionally some lateral spots in front.
All tarsal joints except last two of fore and mid pairs with
narrow yellow basal bands. Thorax dark, with golden-
brown curved scales. A sombre species, with snowy apical
bands on the dark venter and a pale subapical band to all
the femora.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Psorophora pygm/Ea:

Female. — Proboscis moderately long and slender, uniform, labellae conically
tapered ; vestiture of black scales, a broad ring of white ones at middle, its edges
ill defined, tip of labellaB grey ; setae small, black, curved, those on labellae more
prominently outstanding. Palpi short, stout, nearly one-fourth as long as pro-
boscis, black scaled, the tips and a few scattered scales white ; setae rather long,
black. Antennas rather short and stout ; joints subequal, rugose, pilose, blackish,
paler proximally ; second joint a little longer than the others ; tori subspherical,
blackish, with a cup-shaped apical excavation and many narrow, curved silvery
white scales on inner side ; hairs of whorls short, sparse, black. Clypeus ellipti-
cal, convex, blackish, nude. Eyes black. Occiput narrow, convex, blackish,
clothed with narrow, curved, yellowish silvery scales which about half cover the
surface and many narrow, erect, forked black ones ; at the sides a patch of small,
flat, broad black scales at eye-margin, surrounded and followed by flat, broad
white scales ; eyes bordered by a row of curved black bristles.

Prothoracic lobes moderate, elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with narrow
curved yellowish silvery scales and black bristles. Mesonotum blackish, two bare
spots on anterior margin, a subdorsal and a sublateral row of black bristles ; ves-
titure of dense, narrow, curved pale golden and golden-brown scales, the pale
ones predominating, nearly silvery on lateral parts of disk; antescutellar bare
spot small, surrounded by silvery scales; bristles black, numerous at roots of
wings. Scutellum trilobate, brown, clothed with narrow, curved, pale-golden
scales and each lobe with about eight black bristles. Postnotum elliptical,
prominent, dark brown with a slight whitish pruinosity, nude. Pleurae and coxae
brown, clothed with narrow, elliptical, flat white scales and with rows of brown-
ish bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, tapering posteriorly, cerci prominently
exserted; dorsal vestiture of black scales mixed with a few whitish ones, the
39

602

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

apical halves of segments with flat white scales which form a continuous band,
wider in the middle and diffused on the last two segments; sides with an
irregular row of white scales forming an indefinite line ; first segment clothed
with white scales and with many pale hairs; venter clothed with sordid-white
scales, with a few black ones subapically, on seventh segment forming lateral
dark brown spots ; setae short, black dorsally, golden ventrally.

Wings rather broad, hyaline, iridescent; petiole of second marginal cell
shorter than its cell ; that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell ; basal cross-
vein rather less than its own length distant from anterior cross-vein ; veins
brown ; scales black and white intermixed, the black ones predominating, those
along veins small, broad, triangular, the outstanding ones on apical half of
wing sparse, very narrow, dusky. Halteres entirely pale.

Legs moderately long and slender; femora clothed with white scales below
towards base, upper side and tips with black and few white scales intermixed,
extreme base and apex yellowish-white, a narrow white subapical ring; tibia?
black with white scales evenly intermixed, not forming spots; tarsi black,
basally with white scales intermixed, each joint with a narrow white basal ring,
on fore and middle tarsi almost obsolete and with the last two joints entirely
black. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, uniform, a narrow yellowish white ring beyond
middle. Palpi exceeding the proboscis by nearly the length of the last two
joints, which are long, subcylindrical, hardly enlarged, upturned; vestiture
black, a narrow white ring at bases of last two joints and near middle of long
joint; end of long joint and last two joints with abundant, rather short, brown
hairs. Antennae plumose, the last two joints long and pilose, the others short,
black at insertions of the hair- whorls, whitish beyond; hairs of whorls long,
dense, brown. Coloration similar to the female. Abdomen long, slender, de-
pressed beyond middle, the white apical segmental bands narrower than in the
female, the last one divided in the middle ; lateral ciliation long and abundant,
pale brown. Wings much narrower than in the female, the stems of the fork-
cells longer, the vestiture less abundant. Claw formula, 1.0-1.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Genitalia (plate 21, fig. 151) : Side-pieces more than twice as long as wide,
conically tapered, apical lobe undeveloped, basal lobe absent; clasp-filament
6tout, strongly swollen medially, a short, stout, articulated terminal spine.
Harpes flat, concave, inner margin thickened and revolute, cleft at tip, forming
two teeth directed outwardly. Harpagones with a slender ligulate base and
broadly triangular tip bearing six stout setae on elevated bases. "Unci contiguous,
forming a stout, truncate-tipped cone.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 116, fig. 396) . — Head transverse, widest through eyes ;
antenna? rather long, slender, with small spines, a small tuft before the middle.
Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single, ante-antennal tuft in fours. Lateral comb
of eighth segment of six scales on a weak chitinous plate, each scale with spinules
at margin and a long central spine. Air-tube inflated, fusiform, over three times
as long as width at base, the pecten of six or seven teeth, closely placed except
the last one ; tuft minute, before apical third. Anal segment longer than wide,
ringed by a chitinous band ; dorsal tuft of a long hair and tuft on each side ;
ventral brush well developed, running along ventral line nearly to base. Anal
gills long, tapering, equal.

The larva? develop rapidly in temporary puddles. Dr. Grabham obtained eggs
from captured females. The eggs were laid separately upon the surface of
water. They were " comparatively large, about f mm. long, and somewhat nar-
row and covered with hollow papilla? curved at their apices towards the narrow

PSOROPHORA HAKUSPICUS

603

end of the ovum. The air chambers are quite different to those in Stegomyia
fasciata [A'edes calopus] ova." The larvae hatched in two days, and were fully
grown in eight days. They are probably capable of more rapid growth under
natural conditions. We believe that under natural conditions the eggs are not
deposited upon the water, but as in the other species of the genus, upon the
ground. The larvaj sent us by Dr. Grabham came from pools on the Spanish
Town road, near Kingston. We assume from the long anal gills that the larvae
occur in fresh water.

Antilles and southern Florida.

Kingston, Jamaica, October 10, 1903, April, 190G (M. Grabham) ; Havana,
Cuba, October (J. R. Taylor) ; Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, May 31, 1904 (A. C. H.
Russell) ; Nassau, Bahamas, June 24, 1903 (T. H. Coffin) ; Andros, Bahamas,
June 27, 1903 (T. H. Coffin) ; Cat Island, Bahamas (T. H. Coffin) ; Tarpum
Bay, Bahamas (T. H. Coffin) ; Key West, Florida, August, 1901 (A. Busck),
April 1-3, 1903 (E. A. Schwarz).

Al60 reported from Antigua (Theobald, Giles).

We possess no specimens of Psorophora ■pygmcea from the island of Antigua,
which is the type locality for the names pygmcea and antiguce. If the receipt
of specimens from that locality should prove that these are a distinct species, the
present form will be known as Psorophora nanus. With such closely allied and
variable species as those under consideration, it is impossible to tell from descrip-
tions whether the Antiguan form is the same as the one before us or not.

The larva which we have described and figured was received from Dr. Grab-
ham in a mixed culture, and it is therefore possible that we have not correctly
identified it, although we think that it is correct.

PSOROPHORA HARUSPICUS (Dyar & Knab).

Aedes haruspicus Dyar & Knab, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., xxxv, 56, 1908.
Aedes haruspicus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, C20, 1910.

Original Des< ription of Aedes hakuspictjs:

Female. — Proboscis rather short, slender, brown-scaled, with a sprinkling of
lighter ones, a light ring near the middle; palpi dark-scaled; occiput clothed mostly
with whitish scales and with four quadrate patches of darker scales; mesonotum
bright brown-scaled, mottled with patches of white scales, these white scales densest
in the region before the scutellum; scutellum clothed with shining whitish scales;
scales of the pleura white; abdomen black-scaled above, with broad apical soiled
white bands on all but the last segment; beneath mottled, with dull whitish and
light brown scales, the segments becoming lighter apically, but without defined
bands; femora and tibiae black-scaled, with a sprinkling of lighter scales, a whitish
ring on each femur toward the apex; tarsi black, with white basal rings, becoming
successively narrower on each joint; wings broad, the scales on the veins black and
white, giving a mottled effect; claws simple. Length, 3.5 mm.

Male. — The abdominal bands are clearer white and narrower than in the female;
otherwise the coloration is similar.

Twenty-one specimens, Port Antonio, Jamaica, bred from the larva? in seaside
pools, November 15, 1906. (M. Grabham.)

Type.— Cat. No. 11995, TJ. S. N. M.

We expected that Doctor Grabham would himself describe this species, but after
the destruction of his collection by the earthquake he has requested us to describe
it from the specimens he had previously sent us.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Psorophora haruspicus:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, cylindrical, uniform, labellse conically tapered ;
vestiture of small black scales, a broad ring of white ones at middle, its edges
ill defined, some of the white scales scattered nearly to apex, tip of labellse gray,
setae small, black, curved, those on labellae more prominently outstanding.
Palpi short, stout, about one-fourth as long as proboscis, black scaled, no white
scales at tip of last joint; setae rather long, black. Antennas rather short and

604

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

stout, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black ; second and third joints luteous,
the second longer than the others, the third shorter; tori subspherical, with a
cup-shaped apical excavation, brown, with a group of narrow white scales on
inner side ; hairs of whorls very short, sparse, black. Clypeus elliptical, convex,
brownish, nude. Eyes black. Occiput narrow, convex, dark brown, clothed
with narrow, curved, silvery scales, which about half cover the surface, and
many narrow, erect, forked, black ones with bronzy luster; at the sides a small
patch of flat, broad black scales, followed on the cheeks by flat, broad white
scales ; eyes bordered by a row of curved black bristles.

Prothoracic lobes moderate, elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with narrow
curved white scales and black bristles. Mesonotum deep brown, faintly darker
in a pair of rather broad submedian stripes and on the lateral areas, vestiture
of narrow, curved, silvery-white scales and golden-brown ones in ill-defined
patches medianly, on the lateral depressions and above the roots of the wings ;
bristles black, numerous at the roots of the wings. Scutellum trilobate, brown,
each lobe with a large patch of narrow curved silvery-white scales and about
eight black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, .dark brown with a slight
whitish pruinosity, nude. Pleura; and coxa? brown, clothed with narrow,
elliptical, flat, white scales and brownish bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, tapering posteriorly, the cerci promi-
nently exserted; dorsal vestiture of dull black scales mixed with dark brown
ones, the apical thirds or more of segments with flat white scales which form
irregular bands, first segment with a small median patch of white scales and
densely hairy, sixth segment with an incomplete white band, seventh wholly
black ; venter clothed with whitish-golden scales, sides of seventh segment dark
brown scaled; setae short, black dorsally, golden ventrally; cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline, iridescent; petiole of second marginal cell longer
than its cell, that of second posterior cell equal to its cell ; basal cross-vein rather
less than its own length distant from anterior cross-vein; veins brown; scales
black and white intermixed, the black ones predominating, the recumbent scales
ligulate and narrowly cuneiform, the outstanding ones very narrowly lanceolate,
smoky ; fringe unicolorous, blackish. Halteres entirely pale.

Legs moderate ; femora clothed with pale and yellow scales below towards base,
upper side and tips black with white intermixed, extreme base and apex yellow-
ish-white, a narrow white subapical ring; tibia? black with white scales inter-
mixed, not forming spots; tarsi black, with some whitish scales basally, each
joint with a white basal ring, broad on second and third joints of hind tarsi,
almost obsolete on fore and middle tarsi, the last two joints being entirely black.
Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Male.— Proboscis straight, uniform, with a broad, ill-defined pale ring from
basal third to near tip. Palpi exceeding the proboscis by nearly the length of
the last joint, last two joints subcylindrical, not enlarged ; vestiture black, with
white rings at bases of last two joints and before middle of long joint; end of
long joint and last two joints with long, dense, black and luteous hairs. An-
tenna? plumose; last two joints long and pilose, the others short, black at in-
sertions of the hair-whorls, whitish beyond; hairs of whorls long and dense,
brown with golden luster. Coloration similar to the female. Wings narrower
than in the female, the stems of the fork-cells longer, the vestiture less
abundant. Abdomen elongate, with long, dense, pale, lateral ciliation; the
broad white apical segmental bands somewhat diffused especially posteriorly.
Claw formula, 1.0-1.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 3 mm. ; wing 2.5 mm.

PSOROPHORA INSULARIUS

605

Genitalia (plate 23, fig. 159) : Side-pieces more than twice as long as wide,
conically tapered, apical lobe slightly developed, forming a small angulation,
basal lobe absent; clasp-filament stout, strongly swollen medially, with a few
minute 6etae, a short stout articulated terminal spine. Harpes flat, concave,
inner margin thickened and revolute, divided at tip, forming three teeth directed
outwardly. Harpagones with a slender ligulate base and broadly triangular tip
bearing four stout setae on elevated bases. Unci contiguous, forming a slender
cone with divided tip.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 116, fig. 398).- — Head rounded, transverse, widest and
bulging in region of eyes; antennae rather small and slender, scarcely spinose,
the tuft moderate, before middle, two of the apical spines well removed from tip ;
upper pair of dorsal head-hairs small, in fours, lower pair longer, double ; ante-
antennal tufts in fives. Lateral comb of eighth segment of six separate scales,
fringed with spines, the middle one longest. Air-tube inflated, fusiform ; pecten
of two subbasal teeth; hair-tuft obsolete; terminal hooks small. Anal segment
longer than wide, the chitinous ring about as long as wide, weakly chitinized ;
dorsal hairs a long hair and tuft on each side; ventral brush well developed,
running along ventral line nearly to base. Anal gills very short, rounded, equal.

Dr. Grabham bred the larvae from seaside pools in coral rock. We assume
from the abortive anal gills of the larvae that the water in these pools was saline.
These pools were probably of a temporary character, for the species of Psoro-
phora are not continuous breeders and we believe the present species is no
exception.

Island of Jamaica, West Indies.

Port Antonio, November 15, 1906 (M. Grabham).

PSOROPHORA INSULARIUS (Dyar & Knab).

Orabhamia pygmceus Dyar (not Theobald), Proc. Ent. Soe. "Wash., viii, 16, 1906.
Orabhamia pygma>us Coquillett (in part, not Theobald), U. S. Dept. Agric, Bur. Ent.,

Tech. Ser. 11, 21, 1906.
Janthinosoma pygmaa Dyar & Knab (not Orabhamia pygmaea Theobald), Journ.

N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 182, 1906.
Janthinosoma insularius Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 135, 1906.
Janthinosoma insularius Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 161, 1906.
Janthinosoma insularius Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 604, 1910.

Original Description of Janthinosoma insularius:

Hind legs without raised scales; tarsi with pale bands; first hind tarsal joint with-
out a white ring; wings with whitish and dark scales intermixed; legs pale, the
yellowish scales predominating. Else as in J. pygmaeus Theobald.

8 specimens, Santo Domingo, W. I. (A. Busck).

Type— Cat. No. 9975, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Psorophora insularius :

Female. — Proboscis moderate, cylindrical, uniform, labellae conically tapered ;
vestiture of black scales with white ones intermixed, a very broad ring of yel-
lowish-white ones at middle, its edges ill defined ; setae small,' black, curved, those
on the labellae more prominently outstanding. Palpi short, stout, about one-
fourth as long as proboscis, black scaled, with a few white scales basally ; setae
rather long, black. Antennae rather short and stout, the joints subequal, rugose,
pilose, black ; second joint thickened and a little longer than the others, luteous,
the next two shortened, brown; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical
excavation, brown, with a patch of broad white scales on inner side; hairs of
whorls very short, sparse, black. Clypeus elliptical, convex, blackish, nude.
Eyes black. Occiput narrow, convex, dark brown, clothed with narrow, curved,
shining white scales, which about half cover the surface, and many short erect
forked brown ones ; at the sides a small patch of flat, broad black scales sur-

606

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

rounded and followed on the cheeks by flat, broad white scales ; eyes bordered
by a row of curved black bristles.

Prothoracic lobes moderate, elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with narrow,
curved, white scales and black bristles. Mesonotum brown, darker in a pair of
rather broad, diffused suhmedian stripes and on the lateral areas, subdorsal and
sublateral rows of black bristles ; vestiture of narrow, curved silvery-white scales,
a rather broad, ill-defined, dorsal stripe of golden-brown scales and large
patches of the same color on the lateral depressions and above roots of wings;
bristles black, numerous at roots of wings. Scutellum trilobate, brown, each
lobe with a large patch of narrow curved silvery-white scales and about eight
brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown with a slight
whitish pruinosity, nude. Pleurae and coxae brown, clothed with narrow, ellipti-
cal, flat, white scales and brownish bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, tapering posteriorly, the cerci prominently
exserted; dorsal vestiture of black scales and dark brown scales, with broad,
irregular, apical segmental bands of dull white scales, medianly more or less
produced and occupying nearly half the segments; first segment with a patch
of white scales and many pale hairs ; seventh segment with the white irregularly
distributed and predominating; sides with an irregular row of white scales
forming an indefinite line ; venter clothed with whitish-golden scales with some
dark scales intermixed ; seta? short, black dorsally, golden ventrally ; cerci black.

Wings rather broad, hyaline, iridescent; petiole of second marginal cell
slightly longer than its cell, that of second posterior cell about equal to its
cell ; basal cross-vein rather less than its own length distant from anterior cross-
vein ; veins brown ; scales brown and white intermixed, the dark ones predomi-
nating, recumbent scales rather broad, truncate and subtruncate, the outstand-
ing scales on apical half of wing ligulate and narrowly lanceolate, brown.
Halteres entirely pale.

Legs moderate ; femora clothed with whitish scales below towards base, upper
side to tips black mixed with white scales, extreme base and apex white, a nar-
row white subapical ring; tibiae with black and white scales above, entirely
white below ; tarsi black with pale scales intermixed, each joint with a very nar-
row yellowish-white basal ring which is almost obsolete on fore and middle tarsi,
the last two joints being entirely black. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight uniform, with an ill-defined pale ring beyond
middle. Palpi long, exceeding the proboscis by about the length of the last
joint, last two joints subcylindrical, hardly enlarged ; vestiture black with white
scales intermixed, a narrow white ring at the false articulation of the long joint ;
end of long joint and the last two joints with long, dense brownish hairs.
Antennae plumose ; last two joints long and pilose, the others short, black at in-
sertions of hair-whorls, whitish beyond; hairs of horls long and dense, brown
with yellow luster. Coloration similar to the female. Wings narrower than in
the female, the stems of the fork-cells longer, the vestiture less abundant.
Abdomen elongate, depressed, the broad white apical segmental bands diffused
posteriorly, the last two segments entirely white ; lateral ciliation long, brownish
yellow. Claw formula, 1.0-1.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Genitalia (plate 21, fig. 152) : Side-pieces more than twice as long as wide,
conically tapered ; apical lobe slightly developed, forming a slight inner angle ;
basal lobe absent. Harpes flat, concave, inner margin thickened and revo-
lute, divided at tip, forming several teeth directed outwardly. Harpagones
small, with a slender ligulate base and slightly expanded tip bearing four stout
seta?. Unci contiguous, forming a stout cone with rounded tip.

AEDES

607

Larva, Stage IV (plate 116, fig. 399). — Head rounded, wider than long, nar-
rowed before eyes, a slight notch at insertion of antennae, front margin broadly
arcuate ; both pairs of dorsal head-hairs in threes. Antennae short and slender,
smooth, a small tuft at middle ; two long spines before tip, beyond which the
shaft is somewhat bent and narrowed and carries an apical spine and two digits.
Eyes large, transverse, pointed. Mental plate triangular, excavated at base, a
central tooth, and nine on each side, the basal ones a little more remote and
sharper. Mandible quadrangular, a filament and a hair before tip ; an outer row
of cilia ; a row of fine hairs from angular prominences on outer margin ; dentition
of four nearly equal teeth on a process ; a tooth before, a broadly triangular one
at base, and two broad, deeply serrate filaments within ; process below slender,
furcate, with lines of hairs ; basal angle sharp ; a row of coarse hairs within and
one at base. Maxilla elongate, divided by a band-shaped suture ; inner half with
rows of stout cilia ; a tuft of long hairs at tip ; outer half with a single articulated
filament next the suture; palpus about half as long as maxilla, with two large
and two small terminal digits. Thorax rounded, wider than long; hairs abun-
dant but not long. Abdomen moderate, anterior segments shorter ; lateral tufts
of first two segments multiple, the following ones small and short. Tracheal
tubes broad, band-shaped. Air-tube large, inflated, elliptical in outline, nearly
three times as long as broad ; pecten of two or three teeth on the basal third ;
single tooth a spine with broad base and one or two basal branches. Lateral comb
of eighth segment of six separate scales ; single scale elliptical, with heavy outer
margin, a long apical spine, a slightly curved subapical one and shorter ones
between and below. Anal segment longer than wide, ringed by the weakly
chitinized plate ; dorsal hairs a long hair and brush on each side ; ventral brush
well developed, extending along ventral line nearly to base. Anal gills short,
rounded, shorter than the segment.

The larvae live in salt water in rock-holes on the seashore. Mr. Busck found
them in distinctly brackish water " right at the ocean, below the land edge," in
clear water.

Island of Santo Domingo, West Indies.

South shore of Santo Domingo, July 11, 1905 (A. Busck).

This species represents the Jamaican harmpicus in Santo Domingo, both
species living in brackish water in rock-holes near the sea. The two species are
allied to the more generally distributed pygmaia, but are more specialized in
habit, pygma'a being an inhabitant of general rain-filled ground-pools.

Genus AEDES Meigen.

Acdes Meigen, Syst. beschr. bek. Eur. Zweifl. Ins., i, 13, 1818.

Gulex (in part) Lynch Arribaizaga, Rev. Mus. de La Plata, i, 373, ii, 157, 1891.

Heteronycha Lynch Arribaizaga, Rev. Mus. de La Plata, i, 373, Ii, 155, 1891.

Ochlerotatus Lynch Arribaizaga, Rev. Mus. de La Plata, i, 374, ii, 143, 1891.

Taniorhynchus Lynch Arribaizaga, Rev. Mus. de La Plata, i, 374, ii, 147, 1891.

Acdes Townsend, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xix, 149, 1892.

Gulex (in part) Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 186, 1900.

Acdes (in part) Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 343, 1900.

Stegomyia Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., iv, 159 (foot-note), 1901.

Stegomyia Theobald, Liverp. School Trop. Med., Mem. iv, app., p. iii, 1901.

Stegomyia Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., iv, 235, 1901 (without species).

Gulex (in part) Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., iv, 235, 1901 (without species).

Acdes Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., iv, 235, 1901 (without species).

Steqomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 98, 283, 1901.

Gulex (in part) Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 98, 326, 1901.

Aedes (in part) Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 98, ii, 224, 1901.

Stegomyia Howard, Mosquitoes, 155, 1901.

Gulex (in part), Stegomyia and Acdes Coquillett in Howard's Mosquitoes, 235, 1901.
Stegomyia Theobald, Proc. Royal Soc. London, lxlx, 382, 1902.

608

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Culex (in part), Stegomyia and Aedes Neveu-Lemaire, C. R. Soc. Biol. Paris, liv,

1331, 1902.

Culex (in part) Neveu-Lemaire, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., xv, 209, 1902.

Stegomyia Neveu-Lemaire, M6m. Soc. Zool. Fr., xv, 211, 1902.

Aedes Neveu-Lemaire, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., xv, 220, 1902.

Stegomyia Neveu-Lemaire, Archiv. de Parasitol., vi, 15, 1902.

Stegomyia Dye, Archiv. de Parasit., vi, 366, 1902.

Culex (in part) Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 335, 386, 1902.

Twniorhynchus (in part) Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 335, 358, 1902.

Mdes (in part) Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 475, 480, 1902.

Stegomyia Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 335, 368, 1902.

Aedes (in part) Johannsen, N. Y. State Mus., Bull. 68, 390, 392, 424, 1903.

Culex (in part) Johannsen, N. Y. State Mus., Bull. 68, 390, 391, 392, 411, 1903.

Stegomyia Johannsen, N. Y. State Mus., Bull. 68, 390, 1903.

Stegomyia Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., vi, 237, 1903.

Stegomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 139, 1903.

Culex (in part) Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 157, 1903.

Oilesia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 233, 1903.

Grabhamia (in part) Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 243, 1903.

Acartomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 251, 1903.

Twniorhynchus (in part) Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 257, 1903.

Finlaya Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 281, 1903.

Aedimorphus Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 290, 1903.

Aedes Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 285, 1903.

Howardina Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 287, 1903.

Skusea Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 291, 1903.

Verrallina Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 295, 1903.

Macleaya Theobald, the Entom., xxxvi, 154, 1903.

Catageiomyia Theobald, Thomps. Yates & Johnst. Lab. Repts., v, pt. 2, p. i, 1903.

Stegomyia, Culex (in part) Coquillett, Rev. de Med. Trop., iv, 113, 1903.

Culex (in part), Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 271, 277, 1904.

Culicelsa Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 391&, 1904.

Ecculex Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 391c, 1904.

Protoculex Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 391d, 1904.

Aedes Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 391e, 1904.

Culicada Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 391b, 1904.

Hulecoeteomyia Theobald, Entom., xxxvii, 163, 1904.

Twniorhynchus (in part) Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 60, 1904.

Stegomyia and Culex (in part) Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 60, 61, 1904.

Danielsia Theobald, Entomologist, xxxvii, 78, 1904.

Scutomyia Theobald, Entomologist, xxxvii, 77, 1904.

Twniorhynchus (in part) Giles, Journ. Trop. Med., vii, 381, 1904.

Stegomyia Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 45, 46, 1905.

Ecculex Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 45, 47, 1905.

Culicelsa Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 45, 48, 1905.

Grabhamia Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 45, 48, 1905.

Protoculex Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 45, 48, 1905.

Aedes Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 45, 49, 1905.

Pseudoculex Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 45, 47, 1905.

Gualteria Lutz, Imprensa Medica, 1905, 65, 1905.

Culex (in part) Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 153, 267, 1905.

Aedes (in part) Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 153, 399, 1905.

Stegomyia Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 152, 247, 1905.

Gilesia Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 394, 1905.

Macleaya Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 626, 1905.

Catagiomyia Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 627, 1905.

Finlaya Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 415, 630, 1905.

Howardina (in part) Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 399, 415, 1905.

Twniorhynchus (in part) Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 153, 381, 1905.

Stegomyia Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt, 26 fasc, 14, 18, 1905.

Scutomyia Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt., 26 fasc, 14, 19, 1905.

Hulecoetomyia Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt., 26 fasc, 15, 20, 1905.

Skusea Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt., 26 fasc, 14, 19, 1905.

Aedimorphus Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt., 26 fasc, 14, 19, 1905.

Phagomyia Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt, 26 fasc, 15, 21, 1905.

Polyleptiomyia Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt., 26 fasc, 15, 21, 1905.

Howardina Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt, 26 fasc, 15, 21, 1905.

Lepidotomyia Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt., 26 fasc, 15, 22, 1905.

AEDES

609

Danielsia Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt., 26 fasc, 15, 21, 1905.
Grabhamia (in part) Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt, 26 fasc, 15, 23, 1905.
Acartomyia Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt., 26 fasc, 15, 24, 1905.
Twniorhynchus (in part) Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt., 26 fasc, 15, 30, 1905.
Culex (in part) Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt., 26 fasc, 15, 24, 1905.
Finlaya Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt., 26 fasc, 15, 32, 1905.
Macleaya Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt., 26 fasc, 15, 20, 1905.
Oilesia Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt., 26 fasc, 15, 22, 1905.
Aedes Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt, 26 fasc, 34, 35, 1905.
Reedomyia Ludlow, Can. Ent, xxxvii, 94, 1905.
Pecomyia Theobald, Journ. Econom. Biol., i, 23, 1905.
Culicida Theobald, Journ. Econ. Biol., i, 26, 1905.

Pseudograbhamia Theobald, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, xvi, 243, 1905.
Chrysoconops Goeldi, Os Mosq. no Para, 114, 1905.
Lepidotomyia Theobald, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungar., iii, 80, 1905.
Stegomyia Theobald, Mosq. or Culie. Jamaica, 7, 1905.
Howardina Theobald, Mosq. or Culic. Jamaica, 7, 1905.
Culex (in part) Theobald, Mosq. or Culic Jamaica, 7, 1905.
Grabhamia (in part) Theobald, Mosq. or Culic. Jamaica, 7, 1905.
Gymnometopa Coquillett, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 183, 1906.
Ochlerotatus Coquillett, Science, n. s., xxiii, 314, 1906.
Lepidoplatys Coquillett, Science, n. s., xxiii, 314, 1906.

Lepidoplatys Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. ser. 11, 15, 18, 1906.
Aedes Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. ser. 11, 15, 18, 1906.
Ochlerotatus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. ser. 11, 15, 18, 1906.
Gymnometopa Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. ser. 11, 16, 25, 1906.
Howardina Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. ser. 11, 16, 26, 1906.
Stegomyia Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech. ser. no. 11, 15, 17, 1906.
Verrallina Coquillett (not Theobald), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech. ser. 11, 15,
17, 1906.

Aedes (in part) Dyar & Knah, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 188, 1906.
Quasistegomyia Theobald, 2d Rept. Wellcome Res. Lab., 69, 1906.
Duttonia Newstead, Ann. Trop. Med. & Paras., i, 17, 1907.

Aedes, Culex (in part) and Stegomyia Howard, Osier's Modern Medicine, i, 372, 1907.

Stegomyia Autran, Anal. Dep. Nac. Hig., xiv, 17, 1907.

Culex (in part) Autran, Anal. Dep. Nac. Hig., xiv, 19, 1907.

Quasistegomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 148, 165, 1907.

Stegomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 148, 170, 1907.

Scutomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 148, 196, 1907.

Aedimorphus Theobald, Mon. Culic, lv, 148, 199, 1907.

Gymnometopa Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 209, 1907.

Howardina Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 149, 214, 1907.

Hulecoeteomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 149, 219, 1907.

Pseudoskusea Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 148, 192, 1907.

Pseudohoioardina Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 149, 223, 1907.

Neomacleaya Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 149, 238, 1907.

Phagomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 149, 223, 1907.

Polyleptiomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 149, 223, 1907.

Danielsia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 149, 240, 1907.

Lepidotomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 149, 249, 1907.

Protomacleaya Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 149, 253, 1907.

Reedomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 149, 257, 1907.

Pecomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 149, 265, 1907.

Grabhamia (in part) Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 150, 284, 1907.

Pseudograbhamia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 150, 314, 1907.

Acartomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 150, 1907.

Culicada Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 151, 318, 1907.

Culicelsa Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 151, 377, 1907.

Culex (in part) Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 151, 387, 1907.

Ecculex Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 460, 1907.

Protoculex Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 151, 463, 1907.

Banksinella Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 468, 1907.

Chrysoconops (in part) Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 151, 491, 1907.

Lepidoplatys Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 151, 501, 1907.

Aedes '(in part) Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 537, 1907.

Gualteria Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 552, 1907.

Catageiomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 149, 1907.

Macleaya Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 148, 203, 1907.

610

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Oilesia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 150, 1907.
Phagomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 149, 223, 1907.
Polyleptiomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 149, 223, 1907.
Finlaya Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 152, 521, 1907.
Skusea Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 542, 1907.
Stegomyia Dyar & Knab, Can. Ent., xxxix, 48, 1907.
Aiides (in part) Dyar & Knab, Can. Ent., xxxix, 48, 1907.
Mimeteculex Theobald, 3d Rept. Wellcome Res. Lab., 258, 1908.
Stegomyia Leicester, Stud. Inst. Med. Res., Fed. Malay Sts., iii, pt. 3, 65, 81, 1908.
Macleaya Leicester, Stud. Inst. Med. Res., Fed. Malay Sts., iii, pt. 3, 66, 1908.
Phagomyia Leicester, Stud. Inst. Med. Res., Fed. Malay Sts., iii, pt. 3, 66, 1908.
Gatageiomyia Leicester, Stud. Inst. Med. Res., Fed. Malay Sts., iii, pt. 3, 66, 1908.
Polyleptiomyia Leicester, Stud. Inst. Med. Res., Fed. Malay Sts., iii, pt. 3, 66, 1908.
Scutomyia Leicester, Stud. Inst. Med. Res., Fed. Malay Sts., iii, pt. 3, 66, 105, 1908.
Hulecoeteomyia Leicester, Stud. Inst. Med. Res., Fed. Malay Sts., iii, pt. 3, 66, 107,
1908.

Howardina Leicester, Stud. Inst. Med. Res., Fed. Malay Sts., iii, pt. 3, 67, 1908.

Acartomyia Leicester, Stud. Inst. Med. Res., Fed. Malay Sts., iii, pt. 3, 67, 1908.

Skusea Leicester, Stud. Inst. Med. Res., Fed. Malay Sts., iii, pt. 3, 67, 117, 1908.

Danielsia Leicester, Stud. Inst. Med. Res., Fed. Malay Sts., iii, pt. 3, 67, 117, 1908.

Lepidotomyia Leicester, Stud. Inst. Med. Res., Fed. Malay Sts., iii, pt. 3, 67, 132, 1908.

Grabhamia Leicester, Stud. Inst. Med. Res., Fed. Malay Sts., iii, pt. 3, 68, 1908.

Finlaya Leicester, Stud. Inst. Med. Res., Fed. Malay Sts., iii, pt. 3, 68, 1908.

Oilesia Leicester, Stud. Inst. Med. Res., Fed. Malay Sts., iii, pt. 3, 68, 1908.

Oeitomyia Leicester, Stud. Inst. Med. Res., Fed. Malay Sts., iii, pt. 3, 134, 1908.

Aioretomyia Leicester, Stud. Inst. Med. Res., Fed. Malay Sts., iii, pt. 3, 185, 1908.

Verrallina Leicester, Stud. Inst. Med. Res., Fed. Malay Sts., iii, pt. 3, 180, 196, 1908.

Stegomyia Williston, Manual N. A. Dipt., 3 ed., 108, 1908.

AMes (in part) Williston, Manual N. A. Dipt, 3 ed., 108, 1908.

Stegomyia Peryassu, Os Culic. do Braz., 34, 165, 1908.

Stegoconops (in part) Peryassu, Culic. Braz., 34, 169, 1908.

Danielsia Peryassu, Culic. Braz., 35, 174, 1908.

Gualteria Peryassu, Culic. Braz., 35, 177, 1908.

Gulicelsa Peryassu, Culic. Braz., 35, 185, 1908.

Culex (in part) Peryassu, Culic. Braz., 35, 187, 1908.

Protoculex Peryassu, Culic. Braz., 35, 215, 1908.

Ghrysoconops Peryassu, Culic. Braz., 35, 230, 1908.

Stegomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 112, 151, 1910.

Scutomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 113, 199, 1910.

Howardina Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 114, 220, 1910.

Danielsia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 114, 243, 1910.

Lepidotomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 114, 249, 1910.

Protomacleaya Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 115, 250, 1910.

Reedomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 115, 252, 1910.

Pecomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 115, 260, 1910.

Grabhamia (in part) Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 116, 277, 1910.

Pseudograbhamia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 116, 292, 1910.

Acartomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 116, 292, 1910.

Gulicada Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 116, 294, 1910.

Gulicelsa Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 116, 315, 1910.

Gulex (in part) Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 116, 322, 1910.

Protoculex Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 116, 401, 1910.

Banksinella Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 117, 402, 1910.

Chrysoconops (in part) Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 117, 433, 1910.

Lepidoplatys Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 117, 453, 1910.

Gymnometopa Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 218, 1910.

Myxosquamus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 114, 225, 1910.

Neopecomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 115, 261, 1910.

Stenoscutus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 115, 263, 1910.

Tmniorhynchus (in part) Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 117, 418, 1910.

Aedes (in part) Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 482, 1910.

Hulecoeteomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 114, 222, 1910.

Kingia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 112, 135, 1910.

Macleaya Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 113, 218, 1910.

Quasistegomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 112, 132, 1910.

Aedimorphus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 113, 203, 1910.

Phagomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 114, 224, 1910.

Polyleptiomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 114, 227, 1910.

AEDES

611

Neomacleaya Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 114, 243, 1910.
Catageiomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 115, 1910.
Bathosomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 115, 267, 1910.
Gilesia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 115, 269, 1910.
Mimeteculex Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 117, 408, 1910.
Finlaya Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 118, 464, 1910.
Molpemyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 118, 479, 1910.
Skusea Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 488, 1910.
Verrallina Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 494, 1910.
Leslieomyia Christophers, Paludism, No. 2, 68, 1911.
Banksinella Edwards, Bull. Ent. Res., ii, 242, 243, 245, 1911.
Ochlerotatus Edwards, Bull. Ent. Res., ii, 242, 243, 246, 1911.
Andersonia Strickland, The Entom., xliv, 250, 1911.
Banksinella Edwards, Bull. Ent. Res., iii, 4, 6, 1912.
Stegomyia Edwards, Bull. Ent. Res., iii, 4, 7, 1912.
Ochlerotatus Edwards, Bull. Ent. Res., iii, 4, 14, 1912.
Howardina Edwards, Bull. Ent. Res., iii, 5, 12, 1912.
Acdes Edwards, The Entom., xlv, 192, 193, 260, 1912.
Ochlerotatus Edwards, The Entom., xlv, 193, 194, 1912.
Acdes Edwards, Bull. Ent. Res., iv, 229, 1913.

The type species are for :

Acartomyia Theobald, Acartomyia zammitii Theobald;

Aedes Meigen, Aedes cinereus Meigen;

Aedimorphus Theobald, Uranotwnia domestica Theobald ;

Aioretomyia Leicester, Aioretomyia varietas Leicester;

Andersonia Strickland, Andersonia tasmaniensis Strickland;

Banksinella Theobald, Oulex luteolateralis Theobald;

Bathosomyia Theobald, Bathosomyia abnormalis Theobald;

Catageiomyia Theobald, Catageiomyia senegalensis Theobald;

Chrysoconops Goeldi, Culex fulvus Wiedemann;

Culicada Felt, Culex canadensis Theobald;

Culicelsa Felt, Culex taniorhynchus Wiedemann;

Danielsia Theobald, Danielsia albotaniata Theobald;

Duttonia Newstead, Duttonia tarsalis Newstead;

Ecculex Felt, Culex sylvestris Theobald;

Finlaya Theobald, Finlaya poicilia Theobald;

Geitomyia Leicester, Culex cacus Theobald;

Gilesia Theobald, Gilesia aculeata Theobald;

Gualteria Lutz, Gualteria oswaldi Lutz;

Gymnometopa Coquillett, Stegomyia mediovittata Coquillett;
Heteronycha Arribalzaga, Heteronycha dolosa Arribalzaga;
Hotoardina Theobald, Culex (Stegomyia ?) xoalkeri Theobald;
Hulecceteomyia Theobald, Hulecwteomyia trilineata Theobald;
Kingia Theobald, Stegomyia luteocephala Newstead;
Lepidoplatys Coquillett, Culex squamiger Coquillett;

Lepidotomyia Theobald (Genera Insectorum), Lepidotomyia magna Theo-
bald;

Lepidotomyia Theobald (Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung.), Lepidotomyia alboscu-
tellata Theobald;

Leslieomyia Christophers, Leslieomyia twniorhynchoides Christophers;
Macleaya Theobald, Macleaya trcmula Theobald;
Mimeteculex Theobald, Mimeteculex kingii Theobald;
Molpemyia Theobald, Molpemyia purpurea Theobald;
Myxosquamus Theobald, Myxosquamus confusus Theobald;
Neomacleaya Theobald, Neomacleaya indica Theobald;
Neopecomyia Theobald, Neopecomyia uniannulata Theobald;
Ochlerotatus Arribalzaga, Ochlerotatus confirmatus Arribalzaga;
Pecomyia Theobald, Pecomyia maculata Theobald;
Phagomyia Theobald, Stegomyia gubernatoris Giles;
Polyleptiomyia Theobald, Stegomyia albocephala Theobald;
Protoculex Felt, Culex serratus Theobald;
Protomacleaya Theobald, Culex triseriatus Say;
Pseudoculex Dyar, Culex aurifer Coquillett;
'Pseudograbhamia Theobald, Pseudograbhamia maculata Theobald;
Pseud ohowardina Theobald, Culex trivittaUis Coquillett;
Pseudoskusea Theobald, Skusea multiplex Theobald;
Quasistegomyia Theobald, Quasistegomyia unilineata Theobald;

612

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Reedomyia Ludlow, Reedomyia pampangensis Ludlow;
Scutomyia Theobald, Scutomyia albolineata Theobald;
Skusea Theobald, Aedes pembaensis Theobald;
Stegomyia Theobald, Culex fasciatus Fabricius;
Stenoscutus Theobald, Stenoscutus africanus Theobald;
Twniorhynchus Arribalzaga, Culex taniorhynchus Wiedemann;
Verrallina Theobald, Aedes butleri Theobald.

Geneeic Diagnosis of Adult:

Proboscis moderate, uniform, variable in length and thickness. Palpi short in
the female; in the male usually long, occasionally short. Antennae filiform in the
female, the joints subequal, the basal whorls of moderate hairs; plumose in the male,
the last two joints long, the others short, thickened at the insertions of the hair
whorls. Clypeus usually nude, rarely with scales. Prothoracic lobes well separated.
Mesonotum with rows of setae on the disk. Scutellum trilobate. Postnotum nude.
Abdomen tapering to the tip in the female, the cerci prominent, the eighth segment
partly membranous and retractile; elongate in the male, depressed, usually with
abundant lateral ciliation. Harpagones of the male genitalia with a slender base,
bearing a terminal filament, rarely absent. Hind legs with a row of spines on the
tibial scraper. The claws of the female are most often toothed, in some species
simple; those of the male are unequal and toothed at least in part.

Generic Diagnosis of Labva:

Head rounded, depressed, the antennas usually small, with a short hair or hair-tuft
situated near the middle and short terminal spines. Lateral comb of the eighth
segment of many or few scales, sometimes in a single row. Air tube of various
lengths, usually short and stout, with basal pecten and a single pair of ventral hairs
or hair tufts; in one species with several dorsal hair tufts. Anal segment with
dorsal plate or ringed; ventral brush well developed. Anal gills four, subequal,
variously developed in the species.

Distributed throughout the world. The mosquitoes which are said to be so
numerous in the Arctic regions belong here, as well as many tropical forms.

The genus Aedes was originally proposed for a single European species which
has short palpi in the male sex. All the related species having long palpi in this
sex were placed in the genus Culex. This distinction was retained until the year
1906 when the genus was recast on larval characters by Dyar and Knab. To
Aedes as originally formulated were subsequently added other species having
short palpi in the male, some belonging to the Sabethini, others to the genera
Uranotcenia and Aedeomyia, and some to the genus Culex proper. The genus
attained to no large size until it was discovered that the short palpi of the male
occurred independently in several groups and that they could not properly be
used for generic definition. On referring to more fundamental characters it
became apparent that the name Aedes applied to a large group of species which
are distinguished from Culex in both the adult and larval stages. Aedes is the
earliest generic name applied to any species of this group, although the type
species is really atypical in having short palpi in the male. Of the 84 American
species treated here only one has this structure. In 1891 Lynch Arribalzaga
applied four generic names to members of this group and later, between 1901
and 1910, many other names were proposed for various sections of the genus,
which we think are unimportant and furthermore cannot be defined with
sufficient exactness to be recognized.

The following generic names are here referred to the synonymy in accord-
ance with the revisional work on old world Culicidae by F. W. Edwards (Bull.
Ent. Eesearch, iii, 6, 7, 14, 1912; iv, 229, 1913): F inlay a, Aedimorphus,
Phagomyia, Polyleptiomyia, Skusea, Verrallina, DuUonia, Mimeteculex,
Geitomyia, Aioretonujia, Kingia, Batlwsomyia, Leslieomxjia., Macleaya, Cilesia,
Molpemyia and Andersonia. We have examined the male genitalia of a Finlaya
from Samoa and find that they show all the characteristic parts of typical
Aedes.

AEDES

613

The genus includes several groups which are somewhat defined by their habits
in the early stages, as will be described in the following, but they are not suffi-
ciently differentiated to be susceptible of generic separation. Even Stegomyia,
proposed for Culex fasciatus Fabricius, can not be recognized as a genus or sub-
genus. The scaling of the clypeus is not of generic value, while the larvae are
typical Aides. A number of species grouping around this species depart from
the typical Aedes in that some of the posterior segments of the female abdomen
are more or less expanded. All the forms with simple claws are so modified,
but others retain the toothed claws and there appears to be no dependable line of
demarcation between these forms and the typical Aedes.

P. W. Edwards recognizes five genera, Banksinella, Stegomyia, Ochlerotatus,
Howardina and Aedes, for the group here indicated under the last name. He
discusses Ochlerotatus, Stegomyia and Aedes as follows: " Ochlerotatus differs
from Aides in having the male palpi elongate, about equal in length to the
proboscis; and from Stegomyia in having the last two joints of the £ palpi
more or less swollen, and with distinct hair tufts; the penultimate joint is a
little longer and distinctly thicker than the terminal. There is apparently no
structural character by which the females of Aedes, Ochlerotatus, and Stegomyia
can be distinguished, and this lends support to the view held by Dyar and Knab,
that the three genera should all be merged into Aedes. The difference in the
males, however, is so striking, that it is difficult to see how they can all be re-
garded as belonging to one genus. The three genera are here treated as
distinct, though it is recognised that they are much more closely related among
themselves than any of them are to the Culex and Tceniorhynchus [ = Mansonia]
group" (Bull. Ent. Res., iii, 15, 1912). Discussing Stegomyia on a previous
page, this author says : " If the genus as now defined is dismembered, it may
be found necessary to restrict it to the type species, S. fasciata, which has a
very peculiar character in the scaly clypeus. However, the line taken by Dyar
and Knab, of sinking both Stegomyia and Ochlerotatus under Aedes would
be wiser, probably, than further subdivision" (1. c, p. 8). In a more recent
paper Edwards refers two other genera, Armigeres Theobald (=Desvoidya
Blanchard) and Leicesteria Theobald, to the Aedes group (Bull. Ent. Res.,
iv, 256, 1914). "The two genera together form a distinct division of the
Aedes group, distinguished by the peculiar structure of the male genitalia
and (probably) by the structure of the larvae, those of Armigeres having neither
hair-tuft nor pecten on the siphon-tube." These two genera are confined to the
Oriental region and have not been studied by us ; they appear to be sufficiently
distinct to be given generic rank. We include all but the two genera last
mentioned under Aedes. The females of the forms so included offer no char-
acters for generic division, nor do we find a sufficient coordination of larval
and male genitalic characters for the demarcation of groups. Edwards relies
upon the differences in the male palpi to define his groups, but, aside from
practical consideration (the males being often unavailable to the student and
in some cases unknown), we think that some forms are intergradient in their
palpal structure. We bave felt obliged to include under Aedes certain forms
with simple claws in the female. These are grouped under Howardina by
Edwards. Their relationship with the toothed-clawed forms is intimate and
obvious, but we do not consider that these forms are all so closely related to
each other that their segregation is warranted.

Arribalzaga's genus Heteronycha has been referred to the synonymy of
Culex by Coquillett, a procedure altogether in contradiction with the char-
acters originally indicated. In Arribalzaga's generic table Culex is said to
have simple claws in both sexes and Heteronycha is distinguished from it
as follows : " Ungues maris infra denticulo acuto armati, antici et medii

614

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

inaequales una sat magna alteraque distincte minore, feminae aequales longi-
nsculi, infra denticulo acuto muniti " (Rev. Mus. de La Plata, i, 373, 1891).
Later, discussing the two genera, he says of Culex: "It is essentially dis-
tinguished from Eeteronycha by the different structure of the palpi of the
females and by its small claws, unarmed and curved in both sexes, while they
are longer, slender, less curved and with a sharp tooth beneath in Eeteronycha "
(1. c, ii, 158, 1891). Again, under Culex flavipes, we find the following
statement : " Its appearance, above all that of the females, does not differ
much from what obtains in the type of my genus Eeteronycha, but a brief
examination of the claws is sufficient to recognize not only its specific diver-
sity but also that of its position, for they are very small, arcuate and unarmed
in one or the other sex of the true Culex, while in Eeteronycha they are
unidentate in the males and in the females " (1. c, ii, 159, 1891). Arribalzaga
laid great stress on the male structures and this has obscured the essential
data, but it is evident that the one species treated by him under Eeteronycha,
E. dolosa, has toothed claws in the female and therefore belongs with A'edes.
Contrasting the habits of this insect with the form he calls Culex flavipes, he
points out that Eeteronycha dolosa is essentially a mosquito of the country,
while the other is associated with man and abounds in the city of Buenos Aires
and other towns. There is good reason to believe that the species Arribalzaga
called Culex flavipes is the widely distributed form we treat under the name
Culex quinquefasciatus (see volume iii, page 345).

The larvse present some diversity in habits, although this is not so great
as might be expected considering the considerable number of species in the
genus. Some species inhabit temporary rain-puddles of a more or less evan-
escent character. These larvae are less rapid in their development than those
of Psorophora. They may occur in the same puddles with Psorophora, but they
also inhabit many other situations. Some species inhabit salt water, the tem-
porary pools left by high tides at the back of the beaches along the sea coasts ;
others inhabit the pools formed by the melting snows in northern latitudes, and
these species have but a single annual generation, which appears in the larval
stage very early in spring. These species have a northern range, and it is to
this group that the arctic mosquitoes belong. Some, while appearing with the
early spring broods, appear also later as a second issue, or irregularly in tempo-
rary rain-puddles. These latter do not extend to the extreme north, and it is to
this group that the salt water forms belong ; to the southward these intergrade
with the following group, which is more numerous in the tropics. These
are inhabitants of rain-pools and differ in habits from the northern forms
only in that they are not restricted to a single early spring issuance; being
inhabitants of southern or tropical localities they continue to breed throughout
the year whenever water is supplied by the rains. The last group are inhabitants
of hollow trees, in which water collects and stands for a long time. This water
is of a dark color and peculiar composition. The species addicted to it have no
other habitat in nature, though they take more or less readily to artificial recep-
tacles made of wood or fouled by vegetable detritus. These species are few in
northern localities, but much more numerous in the tropics. The adults are
frequently gaily ornamented. "Stegomyia" calopus belongs to this group. A
few species which breed in the water held by the leaves of certain Bromeliacese
may be considered an offshoot from this last group and in accordance they show
considerable specialization.

The eggs are laid singly in places where water is liable to collect. It is prob-
able that the eggs are generally deposited in the absence of water, though the
locality may be moist. Certainly in the case of the early spring species this must
be the case, as the females fly until August, long after their breeding-pools have

TABLES OF AEDES

615

entirely disappeared. Eggs have been found attached to dead leaves upon the
ground and in the case of the salt-marsh species in the unsubmerged earth. The
eggs do not hatch until after they have remained dormant for a time and then
do so very promptly when submerged. The tree-hole breeders lay the eggs on the
sides of the cavity, above the water-margin. One species, which inhabits holes
in rocks, lays the eggs singly and scattered during the summer, but in fall places
them in a compact mass adhering to the rock wall, where they pass the winter and
endure even the fury of the spring floods to which they are subjected. The
length of larval life varies greatly with the species, the water temperature and
food supply, but we do not know of any Aedes that passes the winter in the larval
state.

The adult females fly for a number of weeks and probably all subsist at least in
part on blood. With the single exception of Aides calopus none of our species
are associates of man and do not habitually enter houses. Perhaps the majority
of them never do so, and they are only troublesome in the forests or fields, or
indoors only if especially abundant. In the northern woods the early spring
species live until the middle of the summer and they are the principal mosquitoes
to be met with in the woods of the northern states. Along the coasts the salt-
marsh species are often very abundant and a serious nuisance.

The mating habits have been insufficiently observed. The males form swarms,
or swarm slightly. Only four American species have been specifically observed
and will be found described in this work as follows: Aedes spcncerii, voL 1,
p. 130; Aedes fitchii, vol. 1, p. 131; Aedes calopus, vol. 1, p. 275; Aedes vari-
palpus, vol. 4, p. 647.

Tables of the Species.
Adults, Structure and Coloration.

1. Claws of the female toothed, at least on front and middle legs 2

Claws of the female simple 65

2. Thoracic integument yellow 3

Thorax brown or gray, not markedly paler than the abdomen 6

3. Mesonotum yellow with two black spots; abdomen and legs yellow 4

Mesonotum without black spots; legs black 5

4. Pleura? with a broad dark bar; hind legs shortly ciliate

full' us Wiedemann (p. 624)
Pleurae with a small dark dot or none; hind legs not ciliate

Mmaculatus Coquillett (p. 622)

5. Large; some of the tarsal joints white-marked knabi Coquillett (p. 841)

Smaller; tarsi all black hortator Dyar & Knab (p. 843)

6. Tarsal joints or some of them white-ringed 7

Tarsal joints without white rings 32

7. Joints white-ringed at base and apex 8

Joints white-ringed at base only 17

8. Pale rings irregular, some of the joints not ringed 9

Pale rings regular on the joints, diminishing evenly, the last joint of the hind

feet wholly white 11

9. First joint of mid tarsi white with very narrow black central ring

podographicus Dyar & Knab (p. 812)
First joint of mid tarsi white with a broad black central ring 10

10. Thorax of female with anterior silvery patch cut by a median dark band

osioaldi Lutz (p. 815)
Thorax of female with anterior silvery patch united before

thorntoni Dyar & Knab (p. 819)

11. Scales of the wings markedly bicolored 12

Scales of the wings uniformly dark colored 14

12. Larger species; pleurae yellowish-gray scaled, campestris Dyar & Knab (p. 627)
Medium sized species; pleura? whitish-gray scaled 13

13. Salt marsh species onondagensis Felt (p. 629)

Inland species from California to Illinois curriei Coquillett (p. 634)

14. Mes6notum pale, with broad dark median stripe 15

Mesonotum not so marked 16

15. Mesonotum laterally light golden yellow atropalpus Coquillett (p. 638)

Mesonotum laterally silver-white scaled epactius Dyar & Knab (p. 642)

16. Mesonotum pale yellowish, with dark spots varipalpus Coquillett (p. 644)

Mesonotum wholly reddish yellow canadensis Theobald (p. 647)

616

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

17. Proboscis of the female white ringed 18

Proboscis of the female not white ringed 22

18. Abdomen dark with a dorsal longitudinal pale stripe 19

Abdomen dark without such a stripe 21

19. Abdomen with sides and dorsal stripe concolorous 20

Abdomen with white lateral spots, not concolorous with dorsal stripe

sollicitans Walker (p. 658)

20. Wing-scales wholly dark; last hind tarsal wholly white

mitchellw Dyar (p. 665)
Wing-scales dark with pale ones intermixed; last hind tarsal black at apex

nigromaculis Ludlow (p. 655)

21. White rings of hind tarsi moderate, last joint wholly white

twniorhynchus Wiedemann (p. 667)
Tarsal rings small, last joint black with narrow white ring, niger Giles (p. 672)

22. Abdomen yellowish scaled, unhanded fletcheri Coquillett (p. 675)

Abdomen yellowish with dark scales intermixed and ill-contrasted pale

bands 23

Abdomen with distinct segmental white bands 24

23. Lateral scales of mesonotum yellow riparius Dyar & Knab (p. 712)

Lateral scales of mesonotum creamy white

euedes Howard, Dyar & Knab (p. 714)

24. Tarsi black with white rings 25

Tarsi yellowish with small pale rings, euochrus Howard, Dyar & Knab (p. 716)

25. Wing-scales broad, black and white 26

Wing-scales narrow, mostly brown 27

26. Salt-marsh species from the Pacific coast squamiger Coquillett (p. 705)

Inland species from the Atlantic States grossbecki Dyar & Knab (p. 708)

27. Abdominal bands broken, reduced to mesial and lateral spots

fluviatilis Lutz (p. 717)

Abdominal bands continuous.... 28

28. Mesonotum with silvery-white lines 29

Mesonotum without such lines; clypeus nude 30

29. Mesonotum without a median white line; clypeus scaled

calopus Meigen (p. 824)

Mesonotum with a median white line; clypeus nude

mediovittata Coquillett (p. 821)

30. White rings of hind tarsi broad; hind claws of female toothed. (Distin-

guishable with certainty only as larvae and by male genitalia)

'fitchii Felt & Young (p. 682)
sansoni Dyar & Knab (p. 686)
stimulans Walker (p. 679)
abfitchii Felt (p. 688)
jvittata Theobald (p. 691)
White rings of hind tarsi narrow; hind claws of female often simple 31

31. Terminal segments of abdomen above with basal pale bands

sylvestris Theobald (p. 694)
Terminal segments of abdomen above largely white-scaled

cantator Coquillett (p. 700)

32. Mesonotum golden brown or with brown stripes on a yellowish or gray

ground 33

Mesonotum with strongly contrasting pale or dark stripes or spots 47

33. Abdomen yellowish-brown with blackish lateral stripe, most distinct pos-

teriorly testaceus van der Wulp (p. 717)

Abdomen black with lateral white spots 35

Abdomen with white scales at bases and apices of segments and some

centrally, the black scales often reduced to a pair of spots or absent. 34
Abdomen with concrete basal pale segmental bands 36

34. Wing with basal halves of costa and first vein white scaled

spencerii Theobald (p. 723)
Wing with costa and first vein black scaled nearly to base

idahoensis Theobald (p. 727)

35. Mesonotum wholly dark brown scaled nubilus Theobald (p. 721)

Mesonotum laterally yellow scaled aurifer Coquillett (p. 766)

36. Abdomen with the sides continuously whitish 37

Abdomen with the sides not continuously white 38

37. Mesonotum wholly reddish brown scaled fuscus Osten Sacken (p. 729)

Mesonotum laterally pale scaled idahoensis Theobald (p. 727)

38. Mesonotum with a distinct brown double median stripe 39

Mesonotum not so marked 42

TABLES OF AEDES

617

39. Thoracic stripes narrowly separated by a single line of pale scales, rarely

obsolete 40

Thoracic stripes broadly separated by a double line of white scales

pullatus Coquillett (p. 738)

40. Disk creamy white, stripes reddish brown aldrichi Dyar & Knab (p. 735)

Disk straw yellow, the stripes blackish-brown 41

41. Head with four black spots decticus Howard, Dyar & Knab (p. 737)

Head without distinct dark spots lazarensis Felt & Young (p. 733)

42. Mesonotum with a median brown stripe 43

Mesonotum without a distinct median stripe 46

43. Thoracic brown stripe broad, indented at the middle of the sides

trichurus Dyar (p. 759)

Thoracic brown stripe narrower, straight 44

44. Mesonotum creamy yellow at the sides j S?e?0?The(!bald4(p. 743)

Mesonotum reddish brown at the sides

centrotus Howard, Dyar & Knab (p. 747)
Mesonotum golden at the sides 45

45. Abdominal bands very broad provocans Walker (p. 748)

Abdominal bands narrow or obsolete at middle auroides Felt (p. 749)

46. Mesonotum dark reddish brown abserratus Felt & Young (p. 752)

Mesonotum yellowish brown impiger Walker (p. 755)

Mesonotum creamy yellow diantaus Howard, Dyar & Knab (p. 758)

47. Mesonotum with two yellowish or silvery -white sublateral stripes 51

Mesonotum with a median light colored stripe or area 50

Mesonotum with lateral pale stripes 48

48. Lateral stripes of mesonotum silvery white triseriatus Say (p. 762)

Lateral stripes of mesonotum yellow 49

49. Median thoracic stripe very broad aurifer Coquillett (p. 766)

Median thoracic stripe very narrow obturbator Dyar & Knab (p. 778)

50. Thoracic median stripe or area silvery 53

Thoracic median stripe or area golden 62

51. These stripes narrow 52

These stripes as broad as their intervals trivittatus Coquillett (p. 773)

52. Sides of head with a brown spot; thoracic pale stripes uniform

angustivittatus Dyar & Knab (p. 776)
Sides of head without brown spot; thoracic pale stripes widening posteriorly

cuneatus Dyar & Knab (p. 770)

53. Thoracic silvery mark a broad band or patch 54

Thoracic silvery mark a narrow median stripe 58

54. Silvery band reaching back to scutellum dupreei Coquillett (p. 779)

Silvery band not reaching back to scutellum 55

55. Abdominal segments with basal bands above

condolescens Dyar & Knab (p. 789)
Abdomen without basal white bands above 56

56. Hind tibia? entirely black 57

Hind tibiae with a pale longitudinal stripe below., scapularis Rondani (p. 783)

57. Legs light bronzy brown ; dorsum of abdomen metallic

infirmatus Dyar & Knab (p. 781)
Legs black; dorsum of abdomen black euplocamus Dyar & Knab (p. 787)

58. Mid femora with a median white spot leucomelas Lutz (p. 810)

Mid femora without such a spot 59

59. Hind tibiae dark below 60

Hind tibia? light below 61

60. Mid tibia? white below pertinax Grabham (p. 791)

Mid tibia? dark below atlanticus Dyar & Knab (p. 799)

61. From South and Central America to Mexico serratus Theobald (p. 794)

From Gulf coast of North America tormentor Dyar & Knab (p. 797)

62. Mesonotum medianly golden; brown along lateral margins continuous, dif-

fused, not indented bracteatus Coquillett (p. 802)

Mesonotum dorsally golden ; the brown at the lateral margin indented or cut

into rounded spots 63

63. Mesonotum with the lateral brown indented by the golden of the dorsal area. 64
Mesonotum with a brown rounded lateral spot anteriorly, inclosed by the

, golden of the dorsal area balteatus Dyar & Knab (p. 809)

64. Species from Jamaica; top of head broadly pale tortilis Theobald (p. 806)

Species from Bahamas; top of head more narrowly pale

plutocraticus Dyar & Knab (p. 804)

65. Mesonotum with narrow longitudinal white or golden lines 66

Mesonotum without narrow dorsal lines fulvithorax Lutz (p. 844)

40

618

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

66. Two middle thoracic lines running back to scutellum 67

"Two middle lines running back two-thirds, followed by a single line 68

One middle thoracic line running back to the scutellum

septemstriatus Dyar & Knab (p. 846)

67. Mesothoracic dorsal lines golden quadrivittatus Coquillett (p. 852)

Thoracic lines silvery sexlineata Theobald (p. 847)

68. Lateral thoracic stripe broad, silvery-white walkeri Theobald (p. 849)

Lateral thoracic stripe narrow or broken, silvery 69

Lateral thoracic stripe golden 70

69. Median posterior thoracic line narrow, silvery... albonotata Coquillett (p. 853)
Median posterior thoracic line broad, ending in a silver spot on scutellum

busckii Coquillett (p. 860)

70. Hind tarsi with white bands on first and second joints, aurites Theobald (p. 859)
Hind tarsi with white bands on first, second, and third joints

aureostriata Grabham (p. 855)

The following species are omitted as insufficiently described : excrucians
Walker, punctor Kirby.

Male Genitalia.

1. Harpago present, with a filamentous seta 2

Harpago absent 19

2. Filamentous seta arising from a distinct, rod-shaped harpago 3

Filamentous seta arising from a conical basal lobe 18

3. Side-piece with an apical lobe 4

Side-piece without an apical lobe 15

4. Filament of harpago with a median sharp retrose spine 5

Filament of harpago without a sharp spine 7

5. Spine of harpago with several shorter spines within

cuneatus Dyar & Knab (p. 772)

Spine of harpago with small denticles within

i tortilis Theobald (p. 808)

i plutocraticus Dyar & Knab (p. 805)

Spine of harpago simple 6

6. Tip of side-piece with a dense tuft of hair aurifer Coquillett (p. 768)

f scapularis Rondani (p. 786)

Tip of side-piece clothed like the rest J euplocamus Dyar & Knab (p. 788)

] infirmatus Dyar & Knab (p. 782)
I trivittatus Coquillett (p. 775)

7. Basal lobe of side-piece broadly conical, with a single stout spine 8

Basal lobe similar but without the spine 12

Basal lobe small, semi-detached, bearing two spines 14

8. Filament of harpago slender, subfiliform fserratm Theobald (p. 796)

* \dupreei Coquillett (p. 780)

Filament of harpago small with a notch close to base

fitchii Felt & Young (p. 684)
Filament of harpago elliptical, spatulate or angularly expanded 9

9. Filament of harpago calla-lily shaped pertinax Grabham (p. 793)

Filament of harpago with a lateral pointed projection 10

Filament of harpago elliptical or spatulate 11

10. Apical lobe of side-piece large fletcheri Coquillett (p. 677)

Apical lobe of side-piece small Mmaculatus Coquillett (p. 623)

11. Stem of harpago short and stout

r quaylei Dyar & Knab (see onondagensis, p. 631)
\ atlanticus Dyar & Knab (p. 801)
\_cestivalis Dyar (p. 742)

r spencerii Theobald (p. 725)
idahoensis Theobald (p. 728)
grossbecki Dyar & Knab (p. 711)
curriei Coquillett (p. 637)
onondagensis Felt (p. 631)
squamiger Coquillett (p. 707)
abserratus Felt (p. 753)
Mrsuteron Theobald (p. 745)
auroides Felt (p. 751)
Cstimulans Walker (p. 681)

Stem of harpago long and slender i cantator Coquillett (p. 701)

[lazarensis Felt & Young (p. 734)

Stem of harpago short and slender -

TABLES OF AEDES AND HJEMAGOGUS

619

Filament of harpago narrow, filiform.

12. Basal lobe of side-piece conical, strongly protuberant

riparius Dyar & Knab (p. 714)
Basal lobe of side-piece moderate or small 13

13. Filament of harpago short, bud-shaped with transverse ridges

triehurus Dyar (p. 761)

Filament of harpago with angular lateral expansion

fabfitchii Felt (p. 690)
\sansoni Dyar & Knab (p. 687)

Filament of harnasro lone lanceolate [campestris Dyar & Knab (p. 629)
Jniament ot narpago Jong, lanceolate. ^euedes Howard, Dyar & Knab (p. 715)

Filament of harpago slender filiform canadensis Theobald (p. 650)

14. Stem of harpago broadly angled beyond middle, hirsute and with a seta;

side-piece without hair-tuft impiger Walker (p. 756)

Stem of harpago similar; side-piece with a large hair-tuft at origin of apical

lobe diantwus Howard, Dyar & Knab (p. 758)

Stem of harpago angled before middle, hirsute only, pullatus Coquillett (p. 739)

15. Filament of harpago with sharp retrose central spine

f twniorhynchus Wiedemann (p. 669)
\niger Giles (p. 674)
Filament of harpago without central spine 16

16. Filament of harpago rather broad 17

' sollieitans Walker (p. 660)

mitchellw Dyar (p. 666)
nigromaculis Ludlow (p. 657)
thorntoni Dyar & Knab (p. 820)
podographicus Dyar & Knab (p. 814)
^osivaldi Lutz (p. 818)

17. A long stout spine at base of side-piece mediovittata Coquillett (p. 823)

ratropalpus Coquillett (p. 640)
varipalpus Coquillett (p. 646)

Without such a spine J triseriatus Say (p. 764)

epoetins Dyar & Knab (p. 643)

Ifluviatilis Lutz (p. 721)

18. Basal lobe of side-piece small, narrow j aureostriata Grabham Jp. 858)

* \fulvithorax Lutz (p. 846)

C albonotata Coquillett (p. 855)

Basal lobe of side-piece broadly conical \ walkeri Theobald (p. 851)

Ibusckii Coquillett (p. 861)

19. Clasp-filament furcate at the tip and with a projection at base

fuscus Osten Sacken (p. 731)
Clasp-filament furcate, the claw inserted subapically. no projection at base

sylvestris Theobald (p. 696)
Clasp-filament simple, normal caJopus Meigen (p. 836)

The following are omitted as we possess no male specimens :

fulvus Wied. provocans Walk. knabi Coq.

vittata Theob. angustivittatus D. & K. hortator D. & K.

euochrus How., D. & K. obturbator D. & K. septemstriatus D. &. K.

testaceus van der Wulp. condolescens D. & K. sexlineata Theob.

nubilus Theob. tormentor D. & K. quadrivittatus Coq.

aldrichi D. & K. bracteatus Coq. aurites Theob.

decticus How., D. & K. balteatus D. & K. excrucians Walk.

centrotus How., D. & K. leucomelas Lutz. pnnctor Kirby.

Larvae (Aedes and H^emagogus).

1. Air-tube with the hair-tuft within the pecten 2

Air-tube with the tuft beyond the pecten 8

2. Anal segment ringed by the plate 3

Anal segment with the ring broken on the ventral line 6

3. Lateral comb of the eighth segment of few scales in a nearly single row. ... 4
Lateral comb of the eighth segment of many scales in a triangular patch .... 5

4. Pecten of the air-tube reaching to three-fourths, well beyond the tuft

tormentor Dyar & Knab (p. 798)
Pecten of the air-tube reaching over half, the tuft just before the last tooth

pertinax Grabham (p. 793)

5. Pecten of the air-tube with detached teeth outwardly

bimaculatits Coquillett (p. 623)
Pecten of the air-tube with teeth evenly spaced tortilis Theobald (p. 808)

620

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

6. Comb of scales in an irregular double row; tube with several dorsal tufts

trichurus Dyar (p. 761)
Comb of long scales in a straight row; pecten of tube running to apex

walkeri Theobald (p. 851)

Comb a patch of scales; tube with one pair of hair-tufts 7

7. Pecten of the air-tube with detached teeth; abdominal hairs normal

f epactius Dyar & Knab (p. 643)
\atropalpus Coquillett (p. 640)
Pecten evenly spaced ; short abdominal hairs stellate, busckii Coquillett (p. 861)

8. Pecten of the air-tube with detached teeth outwardly 9

Pecten of the air-tube with evenly spaced teeth 16

9. Air-tube four times as long as wide; comb a patch of scales three rows deep. . 10
Air-tube three times as long as wide or less 12

10. Lateral abdominal hairs double fletcheri Coquillett (p. 678)

Lateral abdominal hairs single 11

11. Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs multiple fuscus Osten Sacken (p. 731)

Both pairs double abfitchii Felt (p. 690)

Lower pair single sansoni Dyar & Knab (p. 687)

12. Antennae large, enlarged basally; tuft rather beyond the middle

aurifer Coquillett (p. 768)

Antenna? moderate only, tuft before the middle 13

13. Dorsal head -hairs simple; comb of only a few large scales

spencerii Theobald (p. 725)
Head-hairs double or multiple; comb-scales smaller and more numerous. ... 14

14. Lateral abdominal hairs double on third to fifth segments

sylvestris Theobald (p. 696)
Lateral abdominal hairs single beyond second segment 15

15. Air-tube stout, pecten usually with two detached teeth, tuft before outer

third; comb of few scales impiger Walker (p. 757)

Tube more slender, pecten usually with three detached teeth, tuft at outer

fourth; comb a patch of many scales fuscus Osten Sacken (p. 731)

16. Comb-scales few, in a single or irregularly single row 17

Comb-scales more numerous to many in a patch 26

17. Anal segment ringed by the plate 18

Anal segment not ringed, at least a small space along the ventral line 21

18. Anal processes moderate, normal 19

Anal processes very long with a stout central trachea

dupreei Coquillett (p. 780)

19. Anal segment with dorsal tufts and hairs 20

Anal segment dorsally with two pairs of hairs only

abserratus Felt & Young (p. 753)

20. Comb of about six scales atlanticus Dyar & Knab (p. 801)

Comb of ten or more scales serratus Theobald (p. 796)

21. Air-tube over 4X1; comb of many scales in a long row

aureostriata Grabham (p. 858)
Air-tube 3 X 1 or less; comb of few scales 22

22. Air-tube pecten dense, strongly spiral mediovittata Coquillett (p. 823)

Air-tube pecten normal, nearly straight 23

23. Comb-scales smooth, sharply pointed 24

Comb-scales smooth or nearly so, bluntly rounded 25

Comb-scales sole-shaped calopus Meigen (p. 836)

24. Comb-scales separate; body glabrous H. equinus Theobald (p. 873)

Comb-scales joined; body densely pilose H. capricornii Lutz (p. 877)

25. Short abdominal hairs normal; anal plate smooth triseriatics Say (p. 765)

Short abdominal hairs stellate; anal plate spined behind

albonotata Coquillett (p. 855)

26. Anal segment ringed by the plate 27

Anal segment not ringed by the plate 35

27. Scales of comb thorn-shaped or with distinct central spine 28

Scales of comb evenly fringed, without central spine 33

28. Comb-scales about 14, thorn-shaped, without fringe auroides Felt (p. 751)

Comb-scales more numerous, with distinct central spine and lateral spinules. 29

29. Lateral hairs on abdominal segments 3 to 5 double 30

Lateral hairs on these segments single 31

30. Air-tube less than 2y2 X 1; anal gills short, bud-like

sollicitans Walker (p. 660)

Air-tube over 3X1; anal gills normal mitchellce Dyar (p. 666)

TABLES OF AEDES AND H^MAGOGUS

621

31. Skin of body finely pilose cuneatus Dyar & Knab (p. 772)

Skin of body nude 32

32. Pecten-teeth of air-tube short, with very broad base. . tortilis Theobald (p. 808)

Pecten-teeth lone their bases normal infirmatus Dyar & Knab (p. 783)

Fecten-teetn long, tneir oases normal trivittatus Coquillett (p. 775)

33. Skin of body distinctly pilose 34

Skin of body smooth or minutely spiculate.. euplocamus Dyar & Knab (p. 789)

34. Anal segment short, the chitinous ring narrow; anal gills rudimentary,

. . f tceniorhynchus Wiedemann (p. 670)
DUU"nKe \niger Giles (p. 675)

Anal segment at least as long as wide, the ring broad; anal gills normal

/ scapularis Rondani (p. 786)
\bracteatus Coquillett (p. 803)

35. Air-tube long, 4X1; tracheae narrow, angled fitchii Felt & Young (p. 684)

Air-tube 3 X 1 or less 36

36. Anal plate small, not covering over half the segment; anal gills large and

sac-like, spotted varipalpus Coquillett (p. 646)

Anal plate over half encircling the segment; gills moderate 37

37. Comb-scales tapered, a single median spine stouter or longer, differentiated

from the rest 38

Comb-scales bluntly rounded, the median spine resembling the rest 45

Comb-scales bluntly rounded, without spinules 46

38. Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs multiple 39

Lower pair single or double (rarely three) 42

39. Anal gills very short, bud-like; lateral hairs double on sixth abdominal

segment cantator Coquillett (p. 701)

Anal gills well developed; lateral hairs of sixth abdominal segment single. . 40

40. Chitinous parts deep brown pullatus Coquillett (p. 739)

Chitinous parts yellow-brown 41

41. Anterior thoracic margin with a pair of long submedian hairs

canadensis Theobald (p. 651)
Anterior thoracic margin without conspicuous submedian hairs

curriei Coquillett (p. 637)

42. Lower pair of dorsal head-hairs double (or three) 43

Lower head-hairs single 44

43. Comb-scales with the lateral spines as long as the apical one

grossbecki Dyar & Knab (p. 711)
Comb-scales with the lateral spines very short. . . hirsuteron Theobald (p. 745)

44. Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single aestivalis Dyar (p. 742)

Upper head-hairs double stimulans Walker (p. 681)

45. Antenna? spinulated 47

Antenna? smooth, the spinules obsolete 50

46. Lower pair of head-hairs double; secondary abdominal hairs not stellate

H. albomaculatus Theobald (p. 870)
Lower head-hairs in fours; secondary abdominal hairs stellate, long

H. splendens Williston (p. 866)

47. Anal gills normal, moderate 48

Anal gills very short, bud-shaped 49

48. Both pairs of head-hairs single lazarensis Felt & Young (p. 734)

Head-hairs in twos or threes fluviatilis Lutz (p. 721)

49. Both pairs of head-hairs double squamiger Coquillett (p. 708)

Head-hairs single onondagensis Felt (p. 631)

50. Pecten of very few sparse teeth; anal plate with long spines on hind margin

busckii Coquillett (p. 861)

Pecten of many close-set teeth; anal plate without large spines 51

51. Pecten followed by a single hair knabi Coquillett (p. 842)

Pecten followed by a tuft 52

52. Pecten short, of close-crowded short teeth; body with coarse stellate tufts

fulvithorax Lutz (p. 846)

Pecten normal; body without conspicuous stellate tufts 53

53. Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single 54

Dorsal head-hairs double and triple osioaldi Lutz (p. 818)

54. Pecten of air-tube not reaching half-way, the tuft well beyond

thorntoni Dyar & Knab (p. 820)
Pecten reaching middle of tube, the tuft placed close to its end

podographicus Dyar & Knab (p. 814)

622

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Of the following species of Aides we possess no larvae :

fulvus Wied. idahoensis Theob.

campestris D. & K. aldrichi D. & K.

nigromaculis Ludl. decticus How., D. & K.

vittata Theob. centrotus How., D. & K.

riparius D. & K. provocans Walk.

euedes How., D. & K. diantwus How., D. & K.

euochrus How., D. & K. angustivittatus D. & K.

testaceus van der Wulp. obturbator D. & K.

nubilus Theob. condolescens D. & K.

plutocraticus D. & K.

septemstriatus D. & K.
sexlineata Theob.
quadrivittatus Coq.
aurites Theob.
excrucians Walk.

balteatus D. & K.
leucomelas Lutz.
hortator D. & K.

punctor Kirby.

AEDES BIMACULATUS (Coquillett) Dyar & Knab.

Culex bimaculatus Coquillett, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., xxv, 84, 1902.
Culex bimaculatus Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xi, 27, 1903.
Culex bimaculatus Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 147, pi. 2, fig. 14, 1903.
Aedes bimaculatus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 191, 1906.
Ochlerotatus bimaculatus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 18,

Ochlerotatus bimaculatus Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circular 72, 4, 1906.
Aedes bimaculatus Thibault, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xii, 22, 1910.

Original Description of Culex bimaculatus :

Bright yellow, the apices of the palpi and of the proboscis, also the antennae
except the bases, dark brown, a large black spot above insertion of each wing, apices
of femora black, tarsi changing into brown toward the apices; bristly hairs and
scales of the head and body bright yellow, mesonotum highly polished; tarsal claws
large, the front and middle ones toothed, the hind ones simple; wings hyaline,
strongly tinged with yellow along the costa, lateral scales of the veins very small,
interspersed with very elongate, narrow ones, petiole of first submarginal cell nearly
as long as that cell, crossvein at apex of second basal cell nearly its own length
from the one at apex of first basal cell; length, 5 mm. A female specimen collected
June 16 by Mr. C. H. T. Townsend.

Habitat. — Brownsville, Texas.

Type— Cat. No. 6259, U. S. N. M.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes bimaculatus :

Female. — Proboscis rather long, cylindrical, uniform, with the labellas coni-
cally tapered, yellowish, vestiture of deep golden-yellow scales, extreme tip black ;
setas minute, brown, those on the labellse more prominently outstanding. Palpi
rather slender, nearly one-third as long as the proboscis, dark golden-yellow
scaled, tip blackish ; setae rather long, brown. Antennae with the joints subequal,
the distal ones longer and more slender than the basal ones, blackish, pilose,
rugose, extreme bases of joints between hair-whorl and articulation whitish ; sec-
ond joint yellow at base ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical hollow, dark
yellow. Clypeus elliptical, with a rounded tip, dark yellow, nude. Eyes dark
chocolate brown. Occiput narrow, convex, luteous, clothed with recumbent,
narrow curved golden-yellow scales and many long, slender, upright, yellowish
forked scales ; broad flat pale-yellow ones on the cheeks and along eye-margin.

Prothoracic lobes rather large, prominent, remote dorsally, yellow, with many
brown bristles. Mesonotum with yellow, highly polished integument ; on the disc
two broad pale ferruginous stripes, separated by a very narrow yellow line and
extending from the anterior margin to near antescutellar space, at this point
they abruptly terminate with rounded ends and contain a brown spot ; above the
bases of the wings, occupying nearly the posterior half of the subdorsal area,
large subquadrate black spots with a brownish edge ; vestiture of rather dense,
curved, narrow golden scales and golden-brown bristles, scales on the black spots
sparse, hair-like, curved, black. Scutellum trilobate, dull yellow, mid-lobe with
a patch of narrow, curved, black scales, each lobe with about eight golden-brown

1906.

AEDES BIMACULATUS

623

bristles. Postnotum convex prominent, yellow-brown, nude. Pleurae brownish-
yellow, sometimes with a round black spot centrally toward the upper margin,
with several patches of broad silvery-white scales and rows of yellow bristles;
coxae with patches of golden scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, posterior segments tapered, the cerci
exserted; yellowish-brown, dorsally clothed with flat, dull orange-yellow scales
and very broad, subtriangular apical bands of dull black scales; venter with
the membrane dull luteous, the scales wholly orange-ochraceous ; seta? fine,
golden, rather numerous ventrally; cerci with black tips.

Wings large but rather narrow, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell much
shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell; basal
cross- vein rather less than its own length distant from anterior cross-vein;
costal, subcostal and first veins yellow to apical fourth and with deep golden-
yellow scales, beyond the scales merging into dull brown; the other veins
wholly brownish and with dull brown scales; proximal portion of second vein
yellowish and with yellowish scales; outstanding scales on outer half of wing
lanceolate, broader and denser toward apex of wing; fringe dull brown.
Halteres yellow, with white tips.

Legs long and rather slender ; femora yellow, with small golden-yellow scales,
extreme tips black scaled ; tibia? golden scaled, extreme bases and tips black, the
coarse setae black, on the hind tibiae some of the scales, especially apically, are
slightly erected; tarsi deep golden-yellow scaled, tips of joints bronzy-brown
scaled; last three hind tarsal joints diffusedly bronzy-brown scaled. Claw for-
mula, 1.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

Male. — Palpi long, exceeding the proboscis by nearly the length of the last two
joints, which are slender and very slightly enlarged; vestiture dark golden-
yellow, long joint with narrow black rings at the median false articulation and
apex ; penultimate joint basally black and with a black tip ; last joint almost
wholly black; end of long joint and last two joints with many long golden and
black hairs. Antennae plumose ; last two joints long and pilose, the others short,
yellowish, narrowly ringed with brown at the insertions of the hair-whorls ; hairs
long, blackish with brown luster. Coloration similar to the female. Wings
hardly narrower than in the female, the stems of the fork-cells longer and the
vestiture less abundant. Abdomen elongate, depressed, dorsally with very
narrow, black apical bands ; lateral ciliation coarse, pale brown. Claw formula,
2.1-2.1-0.0.

Length : Body broken ; wing 4 mm.

Genitalia (plate 24, fig. 170) : Side-pieces about three times as long as wide,
uniform, tips rounded ; a small narrow, lappet-shaped subapical lobe ; a similar
but larger basal lobe with a large spine at its base; clasp filament long, slightly
swollen mesially, with a long terminally inserted spine. Harpes elliptical with
revolute margins, tips thickened and hooked. Harpagones with a slender col-
umnar stem slightly curved, terminal filament large, triangular, a basal angle
at one side, tip pointed. Unci forming a small basal cone. Basal appendages
narrow, with five setae, arising from a lobe of the penultimate segment.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 118, fig. 406). — Head rounded, narrowed before eyes,
a notch at insertion of antennae, front margin arcuate. Antennae cylindrical,
slender, slightly swollen towards base, smooth ; tuft small, situated before mid-
dle; four irregular, short terminal spines and a digit on a long pedestal. Eyes
large, transverse, pointed. Upper pair of dorsal head-hairs single, lower double,
anteantennal tufts multiple. Mental plate triangular outwardly, teeth very long,
a central one and fifteen on each side, basal ones a little larger, suddenly ending,
followed by a small short tooth near base. Mandible quadrangular, broad, with

624

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

slight spines near base; two filaments near tip; an outer row of cilia from a
collar; twelve filaments on outer edge, running close to dentition ; dentition of
four teeth on a process, the first very long and sharp, curved, the fourth next
longest; a filament before, others within, small double teeth at base; process
below cleft-furcate toward basal side, with thin hair patches ; basal angle broad ;
three separated hairs within ; a row of hairs at base. Maxilla conically hemi-
spherical, tip rather sharp, divided by a linear suture ; inner half sparsely haired
on margin with a row of tufts along edge ; a tuft of long hairs at tip, with shorter
plumose tipped ones within ; outer half with a few long hairs next the palpus, the
two filaments not very near the suture and subapical ; palpus short, with five
digits, of which two are very small. Thorax rounded, wider than long; hairs
abundant, the single lateral hairs long. Abdomen moderate, anterior segments
shorter ; lateral hairs triple on first segment, double on second, single on third to
sixth, longer posteriorly ; secondary hairs in long substellate bunches on fifth to
seventh segments. Tracheal tubes broad, band-shaped, flexuous, slightly widened
in posterior end of thorax. Air-tube stout, tapered outwardly, two and a half
times as long as broad; pecten reaching well beyond middle, a large hair-tuft
at middle and well within pecten; single pecten-tooth a long spine with wide
base, bearing three short branches. Lateral comb of eighth segment of rather
few scales in a triangular patch; single scale elliptical, pointed at base, blunt
without, fringed evenly with very long slender spinules. Anal segment longer
than broad, ringed by the plate ; dorsal tuft a hair and brush on each side ; a
double lateral hair ; ventral brush well developed, confined to the barred area.
Anal gills long, twice as long as the segment, slightly constricted at base and
outer third, the terminal third tapered to a point.

Life history and habits unknown.

Southern United States and Mexico.

Brownsville, Texas, June 16 (C. H. T. Townsend) ; New Orleans, Louisiana,
September 24, 1902 (G. B. Beyer) ; Belzona, Mississippi, August 4, 1904 (H. S.
Barber) ; Natchez, Mississippi, June 9, 1910 (A. Fleming) ; Scott, Pulaski
County, Arkansas, September 23, 1909 (J. K. Thibault, jr.) ; Baton Rouge,
Louisiana, November, 1902 (H. A. Morgan) ; San Bias, Mexico, November,
1903 (A. Duges).

Aedes bimaculatus and A. fulvus are remarkable for the predominating
bright yellow color of both integument and vestiture, as well as the highly
polished and but sparsely scaled thorax ornamented with black pigment spots.
In addition the form of the body is more slender and the legs longer than in
most Aedes, while the female palpi are slender and fully one-third the length
of the rather long proboscis. Some of the specimens included by us under
Aedes fulvus have the scales on the hind legs raised in the manner of the
larger species of Psorophora. We find no such raised scales in our material
of Aedes bimaculatus, but our specimens are few and not reared. It is possible
that these raised scales are very dehiscent and would be found present in fresh
specimens.

AEDES FULVUS (Wiedemann) Knab.

Culex fulvus Wiedemann, Aussereur. zweifl. Ins., i, 546, 1828.
Culex ochripes Macquart, Dipt, exot, Suppl. 4, part 1, 315, 1850.
Culex flavicosta Walker, Ins. Saund., 431, 1856.
Culex flavicosta Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 194, 265, 1900.
Culex fulvus Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 190, 210, 1900.
Culex ochripes Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 201, 334, 1900.
Twniorhynchus fulvus Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 208, 1901.
Tceniorhynchus fulvus Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 361, 1902.
Culex ochripes Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 470, 1902.
Culex fulvus Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 394, 1902.
Taniorhynchus fulvus Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 237, 1903.

AEDES FULVUS

625

Tceniorhynchus fulvus Giles, Journ. Trop. Med., vii, 383, 1904.

Tceniorhynchus fulvus Lutz in Bourroul, Mosquitos do Brasil, 70, 1904.

Tceniorhynchus fulvus Goeldi, Os Mosquitos no Para, 112, 1905.

Chrysoconops fulvus Goeldi, Os Mosquitos no Para, 114, 1905.

Culex ochripes Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 275, 1905.

Tceniorhynchus fulvus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 387, 1905.

Psorophora fulva Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 14, 190C.

Chrysoconops fulvus Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 493, 1907.

Chrysoconops fulvus Peryassu, Os Culicideos do Brazil, 49, 230, 1908.

Aedes fulvus Knab, Ent. News, xx, 387, 1909.

Chrysoconops fulvus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 443, 1910.

Original Description of Culex fulvus :

Nigellus, fulvo hirtus, pedibus posticis fusco annulatis. Mit schwarzlichem, gold-
gelbbehaartem Korper und braunbandirten hintersten Beinen. — 2yz Linien 5- — Aus
Brasilien.

Fiihler braunlich; Riissel und Taster ( welch e letztere etwas langer als gewohnlich
sind) goldgelb mit schwarzbrauner Spitze. Grundfarbe des Korpers glanzend braun-
lichschwarz, mit goldgelben Harchen dicht besetzt, die am Hinterleibe etwas bleicher
sind, und an den Einschnitten etwas Schwarzes durchscheinen lassen. Fliigel an
der Rippe goldgelb, mit schwarzbrauner Spitze. Beine goldgelb, an den vordersten
die aussersten Spitzen der Schenkel, Schienen und Fussglieder wenigstens obenauf
schwarzbraun; die mittlern Beine sind verloren gegangen; an den hintersten aber
haben Schenkel und Schienen auch nur die aussersten Spitzen, die Fussglieder
hingegen ihre Spitzen viel breiter und ringsum braunlichschwarz, so dass schon vom
zweiten Fussgliede nur die Wurzelhalfte, von den folgenden nur die ausserste Wurzel
gelb bleibt. — Im Frankfurter Museum.

Original Description of Culex ochripes:

Fuscus. Palpis $ subelongatis, flavis, apice nigris. Pedibus ochraceis.

Long. 3. 1. J. Trompe longue d'une ligne trois quarts, jaune, a extremity brune.
Palpes un peu allonges, d6passant le tiers de la trompe, jaunes; dernier article noir,
un peu renfle\ Face et rostre d'un fauve brunatre. Front brunatre. Antennes
manquant. Thorax et abdomen (denudes) bruns. Pieds d'un jaune ferrugineux.
Ailes grisatres, a bord ext6rieur roussatres.

De l'Amfirique me>idionale. Museum.

Original Description of Culex flavicosta:

Foem.: Fulva; proboscis testacea, apice nigra; palpi testacei; antennae fuscae,
basi testacea'; pedes robusti, testacei, femoribus tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice
nigris, tibiis posticis subpilosis ; alae subcinereae, apice obscuriores, apud costam
flavescentes, venis fuscis ciliatis.

Tawny. Proboscis and palpi testaceous. Proboscis slender, straight, black at the
tip. Antenna? brown, testaceous at the base. Legs long, stout, testaceous; tips of
the femora, of the tibiae and of the joints of the tarsi black; hind tibia? thinly clothed
with short hairs; hind tarsi, excepting the metatarsus, black, the joints testaceous
at the base. Wings grayish, darker at the tips, yellowish along the costa; veins
brown, ciliated. Length of the body 3% lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Amazon Region.

Description of Female of Aedes fulvus (Male and Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis rather long, slender, uniform, the labellas elongate,
pointed and slender; yellowish, densely clothed with golden-yellow flattened
scales, roughened towards base, extreme tip black for a short space. Palpi about
one-third as long as the proboscis, slender, golden-yellow scaled, apical third
black-scaled ; bristles rather short, dark brown. Antennae long ; tori globose,
pale yellow, with a few setae on inner side; second joint longer than the suc-
ceeding ones which are subequal, yellowish-brown, pilose, basally whitish
ringed; hairs of the whorls sparse, dark brown. Clypeus convex and bluntly
rounded before, nude, brownish-yellow. Eyes black. Occiput ocher yellow,
with numerous fine, narrow curved, golden-yellow scales, many long, erect,
forked pale brown scales with pale golden luster on back of occiput ; many pale
bristles, especially along margins of eyes.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, small but prominent, clothed with many rather
short yellow seta?. Mesonotum roundedly prominent before; bright ocherous
yellow, stained with dark brown, narrowly on the frontal angles and broadly over

626

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

the posterior half, the latter area sharply limited in front by an indented line
across the middle of the mesonotum, the pale color extending medianly to the
antescutellar bare space ; vestiture on the pale ground of narrow, curved, golden
scales, giving place to black ones behind the middle on the dark lateral ground-
color; numerous pale golden bristles in two lines on the disk, marginally and
over roots of wings. Scutellum trilobate, dark brown, the middle lobe roundedly
prominent, many narrow, curved, black and golden-yellow scales on the middle
lobe and a few of the same color on the lateral lobes ; middle lobe with about
eight golden bristles, lateral lobes with about four. Postnotum elliptical,
prominent, dark yellow, nude. Pleura? shining, ocher yellow, with two broad,
dark brown transverse bands, the upper from the anterior angle of mesonotum,
between them a large patch of broad white scales and a few pale bristles ; coxa?
yellow, concolorous with legs, with patches of golden-yellow scales and long
yellow hairs.

Abdomen subcylindrical, rather slender, posteriorly depressed and tapering,
dark brown, rather densely clothed with deep golden-yellow scales, bronzy
shaded on posterior margins of segments ; some specimens show distinct broad,
dark-brown, apical, medianly produced bands; venter similarly colored, un-
handed ; setae numerous, short, golden brown.

Wings long and rather narrow, membrane smoky, stained with brown along
basal half of fifth vein and lower end of cell, yellowish along the costa nearly to
apex; petiole of second marginal cell shorter than the cell, that of second
posterior proportionately longer, but still not as long as the cell ; basal cross-vein
distant about its own length from anterior cross- vein ; scales of the veins narrow,
broader and lanceolate towards tip of wing, yellow along the costa, subcosta and
first vein to the apical fifth of wing ; the remaining veins with dull brown scales ;
fringe dull brown. Halteres with pale stems and blackish knobs, extreme apices
with pale scales.

Legs long and rather slender, ochreous, clothed with golden-yellow scales and
with short brown bristles ; tips of femora with black suberect scales ; tibiae and
hind tarsi with tips of all the joints brownish-black scaled ; fore and mid tarsi
entirely golden scaled; hind tibiae and base of first tarsal with rather sparse,
long, erect, shaggy blackish-tipped scales, the following tarsal joints smooth.
In some specimens the first three joints of the fore tarsi are dark scaled at their
apices, the last two entirely dark scaled, the mid tarsi with the last three joints
dark at their apices, hind tarsi with the last three joints dark scaled ; others show
intergrades in the amount of brown shading on the tarsi. Claw formula,
1.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 5.5 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Dr. Goeldi describes and figures the eggs. They are of typical Aedes form,
broadly and sharply fusiform, more convex on one side than on the other, densely
granular, black. Size about 0.5 mm. x 0.3 mm. Laid singly. Mr. Busck bred a
specimen from water in bamboo, but the larval skin is not at hand.

Central America to Brazil ; absent from the Antilles.

Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala, April 15, 1906 (Schwarz &
Barber) ; Bluefields, Nicaragua (W. F. Thornton) ; Tabernilla, Canal Zone,
Panama, July 18, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama (A. H.
Jennings) ; Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama, January 11, 1909 (A. H. Jennings) ;
Trinidad, West Indies (F. W. Urich) ; Para, Brazil (C. F. Baker). The species
is reported also from Tabatinga, State of Amazonas, and Murutucu, State of
Para, Brazil (Peryassu) ; Eio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, Brazil (Lutz).

Wiedemann's description appears to agree with the species before us, although
he makes no mention of the raised scales on the hind legs (these are very incon-
spicuous) nor of the structure of the claws. Giles, Theobald, and Blanchard

AEDES CAMPESTRIS

627

have identified Walker's Culex flavicosta with this species and have placed it in
the genus Tceniorhynchus. The tarsal claws are said to be simple (from an
examination of Walker's type) and the wing-scales broad, causing the reference
/ to Tceniorhynchus. The species before us has toothed claws and narrow wing-
scales. Without an examination of Wiedemann's type it is impossible to be
certain of the identification, but we have adopted that of Mr. Coquillett pending
further information about this rare species. Its colorational resemblance to
Aides bimaculatus Coquillett is close. We have included the synonyms Culex
ochripes Macquart and Culex flavicosta Walker, given by Theobald. His state-
ment that the claws of flavicosta are simple is erroneous; Mr. Busck has ex-
amined Walker's type of flavicosta in the British Museum and reports that the
front and middle claws are plainly toothed.

The specimens before us show considerable variation in coloration. The
specimen from Trinidad shows the abdomen unhanded and covered entirely
with dull ochraceous scales. In this specimen the vestiture on the femora and
tibiae of the hind legs is long and shaggy, as in Psorophora, and this led
Coquillett to refer the species to that genus. It is, however, clearly an Aedes,
the raised scales having been developed independently. The specimens from
Panama and Guatemala show hardly a trace of raised scales on the hind legs,
while single ones from Nicaragua and Para, Brazil, are intermediate in this
respect. There is no coordination between the variation in coloration and in
the leg scaling ; we are inclined to believe that the raised scales of the legs are
very dehiscent and that the specimens discussed are all conspecific. Goeldi
has created the genus Chrysoconops for Aedes fulvus on account of its striking
coloration. Theobald adopted this genus and included in it certain old world
species of Mansonia which have similar coloration.

AEDES CAMPESTRIS Dyar & Knab.

Aedes campestris Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 213, 1907.
Aedes campestris Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., 1, 546, 1908.
Aedes campestris Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 485, 1910.

Original Description of Aedes campestris :

J. — Proboscis straight, clothed with black scales and, on the basal half, with a
sprinkling of yellowish gray ones; palpi short, black scaled with lighter scales inter-
mixed; occiput pale ocher-yellow, a dark brownish stripe on each side of the median
area, margins of the eyes lighter scaled, collar dark scaled; prothoracic lobes, pleura
and coxae roughly yellowish white scaled; mesonotum ochreous yellow, a broad rich
brown stripe down the middle, basally two short brown stripes on each side of this;
shoulders broadly marked with brown; scutellum pale ochreous scaled, the setae
pale shining yellow; abdomen dull yellowish white scaled, the second, third, fourth
and fifth segments with large patches of black scales on each side of the middle,
reaching the apex but not the base, these patches have a few whitish scales inter-
mixed, on the succeeding segments these patches are indicated by a slight sprink-
ling of black scales, beneath the abdomen is entirely yellowish white scaled; legs
with femora and tibiae pale ochreous yellow scaled with a sprinkling of black scales,
which becomes heaviest towards the apices of the tibiae, first tarsal joint yellowish
scaled sprinkled with black, the black becoming heavier towards the apex, the apex
ringed with yellow-white, second third and fourth joints blackish above, ringed at
both ends with yellowish white, the last joint entirely yellowish white, the tarsi
show a brassy luster which tends to obscure the markings, on the fore tarsi the
markings are more or less obsolete; wing-veins clothed with narrow dull yellowish
white scales with a slight sprinkling of black ones. Claws all toothed. Length,
5 mm.

cj. — Palpi about as long as the proboscis, clothed with yellowish and dark scales
intermixed, the pale scales predominating, the apical half with lateral long dense
ferruginous and brown hairs with silky luster; antennae rather short, densely
plumose, the hairs pale brown and ferruginous with silky luster; abdomen long,
depressed on the apical half, clothed with dull yellowish white scales, the lateral
hairs abundant, pale yellow with silky luster. Length, 5.5 mm.

628

MOSQUITOES OF XORTH AMERICA

Fourteen specimens, Oxbow, Saskatchewan, Canada (F. Knab) ; Regina, Carnduff
and Qu'Apelle, Saskatchewan, Canada (T. N. Willing, through Dr. J. Fletcher) ;
Eleinore, Utah (E. S. G. Titus) ; Salt Lake, Utah (H. S. Barber).

Type. — No. 10874, U. S. National Museum.

Description of Female and Male of Aedes campestbis (Laeva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis rather stout, uniform; labellse conically tapered; vesti-
ture wholly black on outer half, intermixed with whitish toward base; setae
minute, curved, black, those on the labellas more prominently outstanding.
Palpi one-fourth as long as proboscis, rather roughly scaled, dark brown inter-
mixed with whitish. Antennas moderate, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose,
black, second joint longer than the following ones; tori subspherical, with a
cup-shaped apical excavation, luteous brown, largely covered with small whitish
scales. Clypeus rounded triangular, dark brown, nude. Eyes black. Occiput
densely clothed with narrow straw-colored scales, broader on the sides, vertex
with many dense, rather short, erect forked scales, pale brown centrally, a few
on the posterior and lateral edges of the tuft black ; a row of coarse, pale brown
setae along margins of eyes.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with narrow straw-col-
ored scales and dark brown bristles. Mesonotum black, densely clothed with nar-
row curved scales, pale straw-color, except a broad median stripe from near the
anterior edge to posterior third and a patch on each side of this behind the mid-
dle which are bronzy-brown ; vestiture of lateral areas also brown ; scutel-
lum trilobate, densely clothed with narrow, curved, straw-colored scales, each
lobe with a group of yellowish bristles. Po.stnotum elliptical, prominent, dark
brown, nude. Pleurae dark brown, coxag luteous, densely clothed with broadly
lanceolate, somewhat roughened, dull creamy white scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapering at tip, depressed; dorsum clothed with
whitish and black scales, the pale scales greatly predominating, the black ones
being present as diffused paired segmental subdorsal patches; venter largely
yellowish-white scaled, a few black ones intermixed in the median area. Cerci
black.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell shorter than its cell,
that of second posterior cell about as long as its cell ; basal cross-vein distant
about its own length from anterior cross-vein; scales of veins long, dense,
broadly linear to narrowly triangular, yellowish-white and black, the yellowish-
white largely predominating, the black scales evenly intermixed on all the veins.
Halteres pale with darker knobs.

Legs slender; femora and tibia? clothed with yellowish-white scales with a
small proportion of black ones intermixed; tarsi with more numerous black
scales, the second to fifth hind tarsal joints black with yellowish-white rings at
their bases and apices, the last joint almost or wholly yellowish-white; fore
tarsi with last three joints dark ; mid tarsi with third to fifth joints with narrow
basal rings. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 6 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Male. — Antenna? plumose, the last two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose,
black, the others short, especially the basal ones; hairs of whorls long, dense,
blackish and brown. Proboscis straight, slender. Palpi a little longer than
the proboscis, enlarged towards extremity, the last two joints and the end of
the long joint with long, dense, black and yellowish-ferruginous hairs. Colora-
tion similar to the female. Wings narrower than in the female, the stems of the
fork-cells longer; vestiture very sparse. Abdomen long, depressed; dorsal
vestiture almost wholly whitish ; lateral ciliation dense, long, yellowish. Claw
formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 6.5 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

AEDES ONONDAGENSIS

629

Genitalia (plate 26, fig. 178) : Side-pieces nearly three times as long as wide,
tips rounded; outer lobe long, low; basal lobe small, convex, rounded, finely
setose. Clasp-filament moderate, slightly swollen mesially, a long terminal
articulated spine, and three small setae on the outer side before the tip. Harpes
elliptical, with revolute margins, tip revolute, thickened, pointed, the point
directed outward. Harpagones with columnar stem reaching to middle of basal
lobe of side-piece, an articulated terminal filament, broadly ligulate, narrower
on its basal third, its tip pointed. Unci invisible. Basal appendages small,
approximate, each bearing five setae.

Like the other species of Aides occurring on the northern prairies, the
larvae develop in the snow-water in the early spring. The species appears to
be rather rare and no larvae have been obtained. Mr. Knab, iu June, obtained
females that came to bite in the daytime and males by beating bushes.

Prairies of Western Canada to Utah.

Oxbow, Saskatchewan, Canada, June 18, 1907 (F. Knab) ; Qu'Appelle, Sas-
katchewan, Canada, June 9, 1901 (T. N". Willing) ; Carnduff, Saskatchewan,
Canada, May 28, 1901 (T. N. Willing) ; Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, June
14, 1904 (T. N. Willing) ; Salt Lake, Utah, June 2G (H. S. Barber) ; Elsinore.
Utah, August 6, 1907 (E. S. G. Titus).

AEDES ONONDAGENSIS (Felt).

Culex curriei Coquillett (in part). Can. Ent., xxxiii, 259, 1901.
G-rabhamia curriei Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, iil, 249, 1903.
Culex onondagensis Felt, N. Y. State Mus., Bull. 79, 278, 304, 1904.
Culicada onondagensis Felt, N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 79, 391&, 1904.
Culex curriei Blanchard (in part), Les Moustiques, 285, 1905.
Grabhamia curriei Dyar (not Coquillett), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiii, 28, 54, 1905.
Grabhamia onondagensis Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 48, 1905.
Culex curriei Britton & Viereck (not Coquillett) Rept. Conn. Agr. Exp. Stat., 1904,
271, 1905.

Aedes quaylei Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 191, 202, 1906.
Culex curriei Quayle (not Coquillett, in part), Ent. News, xvii, 4, 1906.
Culex lativittatus Coquillett, Ent. News, xvii, 109, 1906.

Ochlerotatus lativittatus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech. Ser. 11, 20, 1906.
Ochlerotatus onondagensis Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech. Ser. 11, 21,
1906.

Aedes quaylei Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Circular 72, 6, 1906.

Ochlerotatus lativittatus Quayle, Bull. 178, Univ. Calif. Agr. Exp. Stat., 34, 1906.

Aedes quaylei Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxii, 127, 1907.

Culicada onondagensis Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 340, 1907.

Culex (Grabhamia ?) lativittatus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 280, 1910.

Culicada onondagensis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 302, 1910.

Original Description of Culex onondagensis:

A specimen of this mosquito was taken in the vicinity of Lake Onondaga, Syra-
cuse, Sep. 19, 1904 and as it differs so markedly from previously known forms, it is
described herewith.

Antennae dark brown, sparsely clothed with fine whitish hairs, with sparse basal
whorls of dark brown hairs on the segments, basal one brown, clothed internally
with yellowish scales. Palpi, short, dark brown, with a few silvery white scales
toward the apex. Apical portion of proboscis dark brown, basal part lighter with a
few whitish scales. Occiput rather thickly clothed with yellowish and silvery
scales, with a few black ones interspersed. Prothorax ornamented with a thick
covering of golden yellowish scales, becoming grayish posteriorly (in the specimen
this portion is somewhat rubbed). Scutellum similarly clothed and with no long
setae. Halteres capitate, basal and apical portions fuscous. Pleura brownish,
clothed with rather thick irregular patches of whitish scales. Abdomen dark brown,
with a distinct broad median and somewhat broken lateral stripes of silvery gray
scales slightly tinged with yellow. Basal bands of first and second abdominal
segments somewhat indistinct, those of the third and fourth well marked, the dorsum
of the remaining segments nearly covered with silvery white scales. Ventral sur-
face sparsely clothed with silvery gray and yellowish scales. Femora and tibiae
mostly yellowish with somewhat brown scales, which are flecked where thick with

630

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

white. Fore and mid tarsi brown with apical white rings, hind tarsi with the apex
and the extremities of the segments distinctly ringed, except the distal of the fourth,
fifth snow white. Claws unidentate. Wings hyaline, clothed with intermixed brown,
straw yellow and colorless scales, the narrow long ones mostly transparent. Petioles
of the first and second fork cells about three fourths the length of their respective
cells.

Original Descbiption of Aedes quaylei :

This species is the salt marsh form of the Pacific Coast, as shown by Quayle.
The types of curriei were from diverse localities, but the North Dakota specimen
must be regarded as the actual type in restricting it. This form has never been
bred; it cannot be the same species as the Californian salt marsh species. It may
be conspecific with the specimens from New York mentioned above under A. gross-
becki, but this has yet to be proved.

The following is an abstract of the table :

1. Air tube with the tuft beyond the pecten 8

8. Pecten of the air tube with evenly spaced teeth 13

13. Comb scales more numerous to many in a patch 21

21. Anal segment not ringed by the plate 31

31. Tube three times as long as wide or less 32

32. Anal plate covering more than half the segment; anal gills

moderate 33

33. Comb scales bluntly ended, the median spine resembling the others. 40

40. Antennas normal, short, stout 41

41. Antennas spinulated 42

42. Anal gills very short, bud-shaped quaylei

Original Description of Culex lativittatus :

So very similar to curriei that I am unable to detect any difference, except in the
stripe of brown scales in the middle of the mesonotum. In the present species this
stripe is very broad, covering more than one-fifth of the width of the mesonotum,
the borders almost parallel and well marked. In curriei this stripe is much nar-
rower, covering less than one-ninth of the width of the mesonotum, its borders not
well defined, usually with a narrow line of brown scales on either side of it, but
separated by a stripe of yellowish white scales.

Santa Clara and Alameda Counties, California. A large series of both sexes
received from Miss Isabel McCracken.

This is evidently the species referred to by Mr. Quayle in the January number of
the News, under the name of curriei. The latter appears to be a fresh-water species.
Mr. Frederick Knab informs me that the larvae of the two forms are very distinct.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes onondagensis:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, subcylindrical, uniform, labellae conically
tapered ; vestiture of blackish-brown scales, blacker on the labellae ; seta? minute,
curved, black. Palpi short and stout, about one-fourth as long as the proboscis ;
vestiture black with a few white scales intermixed ; setae rather long and black.
Antennae moderate, with the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, blackish, the second
joint a little longer, with a yellow base ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped
excavation, largely shaded with blackish, the inner half covered with small, flat,
sordid white scales. Clypeus rounded-triangular, prominent, black, nude. Eyes
black. Occiput rather broad, black, densely covered with narrow, curved, coarse
scales, nearly pure white in a broad median zone, brown laterally, a patch
of flat blackish ones on the sides, many erect, broad and rather short, white
forked scales centrally, a few black ones laterally.

Prothoracic lobes narrowly elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with narrow
coarse dark-brown scales at tip, whitish ones below, and with short brown bristles.
Mesonotum black, densely clothed with coarse, narrow, curved, dull-yellowish
scales laterally, golden-brown ones in a broad median stripe, a marginal stripe
of the same color from anterior angles to near root of wing, a short stripe
behind on either side of antescutellar space ; scales paler in the region of ante-
scutellar space; bristles dark brown. Scutellum trilobate, luteous, clothed with
coarse creamy white scales, each lobe with a group of about twelve pale

AEDES ONONDAGENSIS

631

bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, nude, blackish, with a slight
pruinosity. Pleurae and coxa? brownish, clothed with flat white scales and
pale bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, posterior segments tapering ; dorsal vesti-
ture of flat sordid-white scales, with two large patches of black ones on each seg-
ment, the patches becoming smaller posteriorly and absent on last segment ; first
segment with a large patch of white scales and with many long, white hairs ;
venter clothed with sordid-white scales, a very narrow median broken line of
black ones or row of rather large black spots ; cerci black ; setas mostly pale.

Wings rather broad, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell somewhat shorter
than its cell, that of second posterior cell also somewhat shorter ; basal cross-vein
distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein ; vestiture of black and
white scales ; on the costal, subcostal and first veins and on the basal half of the
fifth vein these scales are evenly intermixed, on the second vein and fourth
vein to its fork the scales are almost entirely white, while on the third vein, the
forks of the fourth vein, and the ends of the forks of the fifth vein they are
almost wholly black; outstanding scales narrowly lanceolate, both black and
white; fringe dark with a white reflection which gives a mottled appearance.
Halteres yellowish, with white-scaled knobs.

Legs rather slender; femora clothed with whitish scales, mixed with a few
black ones dorsally, these predominating at apex, extreme tip narrowly white ;
tibiae with whitish scales with black ones intermixed which tend to form lines
dorsally and ventrally and a small annulus before tip of hind ones ; tarsi black
scaled, with a white ring at base and apex of each joint; hind tarsi with the first
joint also largely white scaled in the middle and the last joint largely white ;
fore tarsi with apex of second and all of last three joints black ; mid tarsi with
apex of third and all of last two joints black. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4.7 mm.

Male. — Palpi exceeding the proboscis by nearly the length of the last joint,
which is somewhat swollen ; vestiture blackish with white scales intermixed ; end
of long joint and last two joints with long blackish-brown hairs. Antennae plu-
mose, the last two joints long and pilose, the rest short, blackish at insertions of
hair-whorls ; hairs long and dense, brown and black. Coloration similar to the
female. Wings narrower than in the female, the stems of the fork-cells a
little longer; vestiture less abundant. Abdomen long, depressed, with dense,
pale, lateral, ciliation. Claw formula, 2.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 6 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Genitalia : Side-pieces more than twice as long as wide, apical lobe well
developed, rounded, running uniformly down to base ; basal lobe quadrate, pro-
tuberant, clothed with short coarse setae from tubercular bases, from its lower
angle a stout thick spine and a shorter divided one. Clasp-filament slender,
long, swollen medianly, distally serrate and bearing several short setae, a long
slender articulated terminal spine. Harpes rather narrow, concave, slightly
curved, margins revolute, inner one thickened, curved over at tip in a short
point. Harpagones slender, columnar, uniform, with an articulated filament
at apex which is ligulate, a little expanded beyond middle and tapered to a point
at tip, shaft with a few setae. Unci approximate with revolute margins forming
a short stout cone. Basal appendages narrow, with four stout spines at the tip.

In the race onondagensis the stem of the harpago is slender, as in curriei
(plate 28, fig. 189) ; in the race quaylei it is stouter (plate 28, fig. 190).

Larva, Stage IV (plate 121, fig. 419). — Head rounded, narrowed before eyes,
the frorft margin arcuate. Antennae subcylindrical, small, slightly tapered,
rather densely spined all over ; a small tuft before middle ; four spines at tip, two
of which are slightly subapically removed ; a short process. Eyes large, trans-

632

MOSQUITOES OF XORTH AMERICA

verse, pointed. Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single, rather long; ante-
antennal tufts multiple. Mental plate triangular, rounded at tip ; central tooth
rounded, with eleven on each side, the first four short and rounded, the succes-
sive ones more pointed and more remote. Mandible quadrangular, elongate ; a
patch of small spines at base ; four filaments near tip, two large and two small
feathered ones ; an outer row of cilia from a collar ; nine filaments on outer edge,
the two nearest collar feathered; dentition of four teeth, the outer long; two
short and two long processes before, a group of minute ones at base, a broad
serrate filament and three slender ones within; three spines below, then the
cleft-furcate process with scattered hair-tufts ; three large setae within ; a promi-
nent angle below, a row of long hairs at base. Maxilla elongate hemispherical,
divided by a suture; inner half densely haired; a large tuft at apex; outer half
with hairs at tip and two filaments near suture ; palpus three times as long a?
wide, appressed to maxilla, four small digits at tip. Thorax rounded, wider
than long; hairs abundant, but not long, the prothoracic subdorsal ones mul-
tiple. Abdomen moderate, the anterior segments shorter, segments 3 to T
dorsally with transverse rows of minute spicules; lateral hairs triple on first
four segments, double on fifth and sixth. Tracheal tubes broad, band-shaped.
Air-tube moderate, about three times as long as wide ; pecten dense and evenlv
spaced, running to near middle of tube, followed by a multiple hair-tuft ; single
tooth a long spine with broad base and three to five basal branches. Lateral
comb of eighth segment of many scales in an elongate patch; single scale broad,
with fringe of long spinules, the central ones equal, none differentiated. Anal
segment longer than wide, with a large dorsal plate reaching halfway down the
sides, slightly emarginate at sides ; dorsal tuft a hair and brush on each side :
ventral brush well developed, a few tufts preceding barred area. Anal gill?
very short, bud-shaped.

On the flat marshes of the Pacific coast the larva? of the race quaylei occur in
pools of salt water left by high tides. A set of larva? appears after each high tide.
Mr. Quayle has published the following :

" The eggs of this species are laid, so far as our observations go during the
past year, in the mud of pools which are formed by the monthly high tide, and
which dry up before the succeeding high tide reaches them. This was demon-
strated several times during the season by taking mud from such pools and sub-
merging it with ordinary sea water, when the wrigglers would appear in from
three to four days. Another method of determining this egg-laying habit con-
sisted in sinking ordinary soap boxes, the bottoms first being removed, to a
depth of two or three inches in the mud of pools where larva? were likely to
appear. These boxes were thoroughly screened on the top to prevent any pos-
sible entrance of adults, and were kept from floating away with the high tides by
means of stakes driven into the ground. When the high tide reaches the pool
the mud inclosed by the box would be covered with water through seepage from
below, the box being high enough to allow no water to enter at the top, thus
allowing no possible chance for the eggs to be deposited in the water. In a few
days larva? would appear in the box in as great numbers proportionally as in
the pool outside the box. This egg-laying habit was further verified by the fact
that throughout the season there were no instances recorded where larva?
appeared in permanent pools, or, at least, where there was not a perceptible low-
ering of the water, where eggs could be laid at the borders

" Larva? in the smaller pools appeared more abundantly each month until
June, despite the fact that no adults were seen in the vicinity during the present
season. This can be accounted for only through the fact that the eggs which were
laid during the previous season did not all hatch with the high tides of early
spring, the great majority not appearing until the higher temperature of May
and June.

AEDES ONOXDAGENSIS

633

" The larvae of this species are not confined to brackish water only, or to
normal sea water, but may develop abundantly in water of a higher saline con-
tent than even sea water. The water in a number of instances where . . . larva?
were found tested 4.5 per cent of salt, or 1 per cent higher than normal sea
water

" The typical places where . . . larva? were found were the pools and depres-
sions bordering the edge of the marsh, where only the water of the monthly
high tide found its way. After the rains had ceased in the spring the broods
appeared as regularly as the tides themselves. . . . These larva? were first seen
on February 20th in 1905, and the last brood in 1904 disappeared on September
25th. They were generally found in pools or situations which contained rather
clean water, but in the diked area they were found in water highly impregnated
with a reddish mineral deposit, probably ferric iron

" [The adult] hatching from its breeding place on the salt marsh, makes
its way inland, usually in the direction of favorable winds. During June, 1904,
they were found abundantly in the hills ... a distance of 10 miles from the
salt marsh. They are active all day, but particularly late in the afternoon and
early evening, when there is but little wind. They have been seen to congregate
in innumerable numbers in the wooded canons of the hill slopes . . . and make
life interesting for man as well as stock. This species is particularly bold and
vicious, and does not hesitate to thrust its beak through a couple of thicknesses
of clothing. It is not as troublesome in houses and is seldom found there, but
prefers the sheltered places out of doors."

On the Pacific coast the species is only locally abundant, since flat salt-marshes
are essential to its occurrence, and most of that coast is high and rocky. Dr.
Dyar and Mr. Caudell observed the species at Eureka, California, and at various
points on Puget Sound. To the south of San Francisco Bay the species did not
occur, its place being taken by Aedes tceniorhynchus.

We have larvaa identical with those from the Pacific coast collected at Ithaca,
New York, but we have no data on their habits. We have not seen larva? from
the Atlantic coast and have no information on their habits beyond the fact that
the imagos appear at certain times in large numbers.

Pacific and Atlantic coasts of United States and Canada ; central New York
State.

Stanford University, California, September 15, 1901 (I. McCracken) ; Oak-
land, California, July 24, 1903 (I. McCracken) ; Arden, California, July 19,
1903 (I. McCracken) ; San Jose, California, July 25, 1906 (I. McCracken) ;
Eureka, California, July, 1906 (A. N. Caudell) ; Tacoma, Washington, August
1, 1906 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Vancouver, British Columbia, August 6, 1906
(Dyar and Caudell) ; Duncans, British Columbia, August 8, 1906 (Dyar and
Caudell) ; Qualicum, British Columbia, July 20, 1903 (J. Fletcher) ; Nanoose
Bay, British Columbia, August 1, 1903 (J. Fletcher) ; Ithaca, New York,
May 16, 1900, May, 1903, July 26, 1901, July 29, 1903 (O. A. Johannsen) ;
Boston, Massachusetts, July 16, 1906 (C. W. Johnson) ; West Peabody, Massa-
chusetts, August 13, 1911 (A. N. Caudell) ; Delta, Louisiana, June 20, 1904
(E. S. G. Titus) . The species is reported also from Syracuse, New York (Felt)
and New Haven, Connecticut (Britton and Viereck).

Aedes onondagensis agrees in coloration characters of the imago with Aedes
curriei and shows the same extremes in variation. The light color of the thorax
varies from greyish white through ocherous yellow to brownish yellow; the
brown markings vary greatly in extent, intensity and definition and may become
almost obsolete. The abdominal coloration varies in the same manner as in
Aedes curriei, A. spencerii and other similarly ornamented species; the dorsum
may be nearly wholly black, with only narrow segmental pale margins, or it may
41

634

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

be entirely pale grey; in typical specimens the black is divided by a median
stripe of pale scales. Coquillett separated the present species (under the name
lativittatus) from curriei on the broader median thoracic stripe. This char-
acter is equally variable in both forms and the stripe varies from very broad to
very narrow in different specimens of each. The scales of the occiput are
usually nearly pure white, but in some of the specimens from the Pacific coast
they are distinctly ochraceous.

There is no reliable imaginal character by which this species can be separated
from Aedes curriei and the European Aides dorsalis (Meigen) . The separation
of onondagensis and curriei rests upon slight larval characters. The larva? of
onondagensis have both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single, the skin of the abdo-
men covered in part with transverse rows of minute chitinous spicules, the comb-
scales of the eighth abdominal segment broadly rounded and with a uniform
fringe of long spinules, and the anal gills very short, bud-like; in curriei the
dorsal head-hairs are multiple, the skin of the abdomen is smooth, the comb-
scales are smaller, with a short fringe and distinct central spine, and the anal
gills are normal. Onondagensis breeds in salt water along the sea-coasts or
inland, presumably where there is salt water ; curriei breeds in temporary pools
of snow-water or rain-water on our prairies, sometimes with a considerable
content of alkali.

Two races of Aedes onondagensis are indicated by differences in the male
genitalia and these races are separated distributionally by a wide stretch of ter-
ritory. In the form from the Pacific coast the stems of the harpagones are much
thicker than in the specimens from New York State ; the Pacific coast race takes
the name quaylei Dyar and Knab. In the New York specimens (race ononda-
gensis) the genitalia agree in every respect with those of curriei. We have seen
no males or larva? from the Atlantic coast and associate the females we have
from there with onondagensis merely on probability; the same applies to two
females from the mouth of the Mississippi Eiver.

Aedes dorsalis of Europe agrees closely in the coloration of the imago with
our onondagensis and curriei. We have a male and female through the kindness
of the late Professor Meinert of Copenhagen. On the wings of the female the
dark scales are much more numerous and evenly distributed than in our two
species, but as the coloration of the wing-scales is exceedingly variable in our
American forms we doubt that this difference is constant. We have mounted the
genitalia of the male dorsalis from Denmark and find them indistinguishable
from curriei and typical onondagensis. It is probable that either curriei or
onondagensis is identical with dorsalis, but as the forms are differentiated on
larval characters this question can only be decided by a knowledge of the Euro-
pean larva?. Moreover, there is every probability that in Europe two species
have been included under the name dorsalis, one of them maritime, the other
occurring inland. Culex dorsalis was founded by Meigen on a female taken in
the vicinity of Berlin and therefore with certainty bred from fresh water ; sub-
sequent records indicate a species breeding in salt water. This makes it highly
probable that in Europe, under the name dorsalis, there are two forms which
may or may not be identical with curriei and onondagensis. Under the circum-
stances we can only call attention to the probabilities and express the hope that
further facts will be forthcoming to show the true status of all the forms
involved.

AEDES CURRIEI (Coquillett) Dyar.

Culex curriei Coquillett, Can. Ent, xxxiii, 259, 1901.
Orabhamia curriei Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, iii, 249, 1903.
Grabhamia curriei Theobald, Can. Ent., xxxv, 312, 1903.
Culex curriei Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vi, 40, 1904.
Culicada curriei Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 477, 1905.

AEDES CURRIEI

635

Grabhamia eurriei Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc Wash., vii, 48. 1905.
Culex eurriei Blanchard (in part), Les Moustiques, 285, 1905.
Grabhamia eurriei Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 397, 1905.

Aedes grossbeeki Dyar & Knab (in part), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 201, 1906.

Ochlerotatus eurriei Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 20, 1906.

Grabhamia mediolineata Ludlow, Can. Ent., xxxix, 129, 1907.

Aedes eurriei Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxii, 128, 1907.

Grabhamia eurriei Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 285, 1907.

Aedes eurriei Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., 1, 546, 1908.

Grabhamia eurriei Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 280, 1910.

Grabhamia mediolineata Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 278, 1910.

Original Description of Culex curriei :

Head black, scales on lower parts of occiput white, on the upper part light yellow,
usually a patch of golden-brown ones between, a few erect black scales and bristles
on the sides, antenna? and mouth-parts dark brown, base of the former yellow; body
black, scales of mesonotum light yellow, a median and usually a lateral vitta of
golden-brown ones, those of the pleura white, of the abdomen yellowish-white, a pair
of black-scaled spots on segments 2 to 5; femora and tibiae yellow, brownish at the
apices, covered with mixed yellowish-white and brown scales, tarsi brown, the front
ones having the base and apex of the first two joints and base of the third, the middle
with the base and apex of the first three joints and base of the fourth, the hind ones
with both ends of the first four joints and the whole of the last one, whitish, all
claws one-toothed; wings hyaline, scales of the veins mixed yellowish-white and
brown, petiole of first submarginal cell about three-fourths as long as that cell;
halteres yellow; length 4 to 5 mm. Five female specimens. Type No. 5798, U. S.
National Museum.

Habitat. — University, N. Dakota (June, 1896; Mr. R. P. Currie, after whom the
species is named) ; Colorado; Boise, Idaho (Mr. C. B. Sampson) ; and Palo Alto, Cal.
(Nov. 8, 1900; Prof. V. L. Kellogg).

Near the European C. dorsalis, Meigen, but according to Theobald that species
has simple tarsal claws.

Original Description of Grabhamia mediolineata:

(Female.) Head dark brown or black, covered with long, curved, pale, almost
white scales, a few ochraceous ones; bright brown flat lateral, and slender white
forked scales on the occiput, some brown bristles between the eyes and around the
eyes; antenna? dark brown, verticels dark brown, pubescence white, first joint
testaceous, and in some lights all the joints are apparently light banded, basal joint
testaceous, with slender flat white scales on the median surface; palpi black, a few
white scales at the tip, and occasionally at the base of penultimate joint; proboscis
black and quite long, tip black; clypeus black; eyes black and silver.

Thorax black, prothoracic lobes with long pale ochraceous curved scales (spatu-
late?) ; mesonotum covered on the median third with bright brown slender curved
scales for about two-thirds in length, the caudad third with slender pale curved
scales; immediately laterad of this median stripe is a broad pale stripe of rather
broader curved scales, and exterior to this another stripe of brown curved scales
extending to the wing joint; scutellum black, covered with long slender curved
scales; pleura black, with long white spatulate scales; metanotum black.

Abdomen black, covered with black and white or " dirty-white " scales, so arranged
as to make a slender median light line, transverse white bands mostly basal, but in-
volving both segments, and on the more caudad segments are almost entirely apical,
the distal segments being in some cases mostly white; white lateral spots, which are
really extensions of the white scaling of the venter, and on most of the segments
extend the whole length.

Legs: Coxae and trochanters light, and white-scaled; femora white ventrally,
speckled black and white dorsally, a narrow black ring just proximal to the tiny
white knee spot; fore and mid tibiae white ventrally (on the hind legs this is re-
duced to a white line), speckled dorsally, a little darker near the apex, but the apex
light, and in the hind legs there is a distinct dark band and light apex as on the
femora; metatarsi speckled, those of the fore legs having light apices, of the hind
legs having both slightly lighter bases and light apices. On the fore legs the first
tarsal joints are black, with basal light bands, all the other joints dark; on the mid
leg the first and second joints are still a little speckled, and have white basal bands
and tiny white apical spots, sometimes unhanded, third and fourth joints dark; on
the hind legs the first and second joints are dark (black), with basal and apical light
bands, the third has a basal light band, and the fourth is light; all ungues equal and
uniserrate.

636

MOSQUITOES OF XOETH AMERICA

Wings clear, speckled with black and white scales, the costa being mostly black,
and the sixth long vein white, first submarginal a little longer and more narrow than
the second posterior cell, the petiole in each case about half as long as the cell; mid
cross-vein twice as long as the " supernumerary," and equal to the posterior cross-
vein, which is about its own length distant; halteres, light stem and dark knobs.

The leg banding involves both sides of most of the joints, and in this greatly,
resembles O. Curriei, the thoracic marking suggests G. lativitatta, but the abdominal
marking is clear, in some cases being only clean-cut lines, in others a little ragged.
The types do not however, suggest either species more than to indicate their close
relationship, having a peculiarly tidy appearance which the others lack.

Length, 7.5 mm.

Habitat, Fort Lincoln, N. D. Taken June, July, August.
Description of Female, Male, Larva, and Egg of Aedes curriei:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, subcylindrical, uniform, the labellae eonically
tapered ; vestiture of black scales mixed with a few white ones centrally ; setae
minute, curved, black, those on the labellae more outstanding. Palpi short and
stout, about one-fourth as long as the proboscis ; vestiture black with a few white
scales intermixed; sete rather long and black. Antennae moderate, the joints
subequal, rugose, pilose, blackish, the second joint a little longer, with a yellow
base ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, largely shaded with
blackish, inner half covered with small flat sordid-white scales. Clypeus rounded
triangular, prominent, black, nude. Eyes black. Occiput rather broad, black,
densely covered with narrow curved coarse scales, dull white on the vertex, a
large patch of flat brown ones laterally and continued forward along the mar-
gins of the eyes, many dull white, short, broad, erect forked scales on the nape.

Prothoracic lobes narrowly elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with narrow
coarse dark-brown scales at tip, whitish ones below, and short brown bristles.
Mesonotum brown, densely clothed with coarse, narrow curved, dull white scales,
a bright brown and usually narrow median stripe, a narrow stripe on either side
anteriorly along the lateral margins, a short narrow stripe posteriorly on either
side of antescutellar space ; bristles dark brown. Scutellum trilobate, luteous,
clothed with coarse dull white scales, each lobe with a group of about twelve very
pale bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, nude, brownish luteous, with a
slight pruinosity. Pleurae and coxae brownish, clothed with flat white scales and
pale bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, posterior segments tapered; vestiture of
flat sordid-white scales with two large patches of black ones on each segment, the
patches becoming smaller posteriorly, absent on first and last segment; venter
clothed with sordid-white scales, a row of small median black spots basally on
the segments and sublateral ones distally on the segments; cerci black; seta?
mostly pale.

Wings rather broad, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell somewhat shorter
than its cell, that of second posterior cell a little longer than its cell ; basal cross-
vein distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein; vestiture of black
and white scales, on the costal, subcostal, and first veins and on the basal half
of the fifth vein the white scales largely predominate, on base of first and whole
of second veins the scales are almost entirely white, while on the third vein,
the forks of the fourth vein, and the ends of the forks of the fifth vein there are
many black scales ; outstanding scales narrowly lanceolate, mostly white ; fringe
blackish with a white reflection which gives a mottled appearance. Halteres
yellowish, with a white-scaled knob.

Legs rather slender; femora clothed with whitish scales, mixed with a few
black ones dorsally and predominating at apex, extreme tip narrowly white;
tibiae with whitish scales and black ones intermixed which tend to form lines
dorsally and ventrally and a small annulus before the tip on hind pair; hind
tarsi black-scaled, with a white ring at base and apex of each joint, first joint also

AEDES CUREIEI

637

largely white-scaled along outer and inner side, last joint white ; fore tarsi with
narrow basal and apical ring on first joint and basal ring on second ; mid tarsi
with narrow rings at bases and apices of first and second joints, and basally on
third. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4.7 mm.

Male.— Palpi exceeding the proboscis by nearly the length of the last joint,
which is somewhat swollen ; vestiture blackish with white scales intermixed, the
black scales predominating at ends of joints and middle of long joint; end of
long joint and the last two joints densely clothed with long blackish-brown and
golden-brown hairs. Antennae plumose, the last two joints long pilose, the rest
short, blackish at insertions of hair-whorls ; hairs long, brown and black. Color-
ation similar to the female. Wings narrower than in the female, the stems of the
fork-cells a little longer; vestiture less abundant. Abdomen long, depressed,
with dense, long, whitish lateral ciliation. Claw formula, 2.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 6 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Genitalia (plate 28, fig. 189) : Side-pieces more than twice as long as wide,
apical lobe well developed, rounded unifonnly down to base ; basal lobe quadrate,
protuberant, clothed with short coarse seta? from tubercular bases, from its
lower angle a stout, thick spine and a shorter one. Clasp-filament slender,
long, uniform, tips serrate outwardly and bearing several short seta?, a long
slender articulated terminal spine. Harpes rather narrow, concave, slightly
curved, margins revolute, inner one thickened, curved over at tip in a short
point. Harpagones slender, columnar, uniform, with an articulated filament
at apex which is ligulate, a little expanded beyond middle and tapered to a
point at tip, shaft with a few seta?. Unci approximate with revolute margins,
forming a short stout cone. Basal appendages narrow with stout short spines
at tip.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 121, fig. 417). — Head transverse, rounded, widest
through eyes; antennas moderate, uniform, spinose, a small tuft near middle;
both pairs of dorsal head-hairs multiple, the tuft next the antenna multiple.
Lateral comb of eighth segment of about twenty-five scales in an irregular patch,
each scale fringed on the sides and with a longer central spine. Air-tube about
three times as long as wide, slightly tapering outwardly ; pecten of fine uniform
teeth running nearly to middle, followed at a slight interval by a single small
tuft of several hairs. Anal segment longer than Made, with a dorsal plate reach-
ing well down the sides and enlarged before, bearing a single hair at its posterior
angles; dorsal tuft a long hair and tuft on each side; ventral brush well de-
veloped, with small tufts preceding the barred area. Anal gills rather small,
tapered, the two pairs nearly equal.

Egg. — Slenderly fusiform, uniform, the micropylar end less strongly taper-
ing than the other and with an annular cushion ; color dull black, the surface
covered with closely crowded, small flattened granulations.

The eggs are deposited singly on the ground where the water will collect from
melting snow or rains, and remain unhatched until the following season. The
larvae live in temporary pools. In the north there is but a single annual genera-
tion in the snow-water of early spring. Southward the appearance of the larvae
is governed by the formation of pools by heavy rains and consequently occurs at
irregular intervals. Irrigation operations may also produce conditions under
which development takes place. The species inhabits the open arid country, its
stronghold being the Montana region, although its range extends over the
prairies, eastward to Illinois and westward nearly to the Pacific Ocean. In
Saskatchewan Mr. Knab found larva? in the early spring in a small swamp, in
several ditches along a railroad, and in pools of alkaline water that left a white

638

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

deposit about the margin. It is not improbable that they are frequent inhabi-
tants of alkaline pools in the arid regions.

Semi-arid regions of western United States and Canada.

Thrall, California, July 25, 1906 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Niles, California,
August 31, 1901 (S. C. Jones) ; Stockton, California (H. J. Quayle) ; Salt
Lake, Utah, June 26 (H. S. Barber) ; Kaslo, British Columbia, June 21, 1903
(H. G. Dyar) ; Market Lake, Idaho, June 18, 1901 (J. M. Aldrich) ; Lehi,
Utah, September 9, 1905 (W. A. Hooker) ; Grand Junction, Utah, September
11, 1905 (W. A. Hooker) ; Grand Junction, Colorado, July 21, 1906 (E. P.
Taylor) ; Florissant, Colorado, July 10, 1907 (S. A. Bohwer) ; Boise, Idaho
(C. B. Simpson) ; University, North Dakota, June, 1896 (B. P. Currie) ; Fort
Lincoln, North Dakota (through C. S. Ludlow) ; Blackfoot, Idaho. June 12,
1904 (E. S. G. Titus) ; Bockyford, Idaho, June 10, 1904 (E. S. G. Titus) ;
Klamath Falls, Oregon, July 27, 1906 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Pecos, New Mexico,
June 24 (T. D. A. Cockerell) ; Elsinore, Utah, August 6, 1907 (E. S. G.
Titus) ; Bozeman, Montana, August 29, 1908 (E. A. Cooley) ; Billings, Mon-
tana, August 22, 1908 (B. A. Cooley) ; Dillon, Montana, August 5, 1908 (B. A.
Cooley) ; Bigtimber, Montana, August 25, 1908 (B. A. Cooley) ; Joliet, Mon-
tana, August 23, 1908 (E. A. Cooley) ; Meadow Creek, Montana, August 5, 1908
(B. A. Cooley) ; Beno, Nevada, July 20, August 17 to October 17, 1915 (H. G.
Dyar) ; Steamboat Springs, Nevada, July 31, August 19, 1915 (H. G. Dyar) ;
Madison, Wisconsin (S. J. Holmes) ; Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan, June 22,
1907 (T. N. Willing) ; Oxbow, Saskatchewan, May 21, 1907 (F. Knab) ; Carn-
duff, Saskatchewan, May 27, 1907 (F. Knab) ; Winnipeg, Manitoba, June 22,
1907 (F. Knab) ; Lincoln, Nebraska, May (O. A. Johannsen) ; Chicago, Illinois,
May 4, 1900 (O. A. Johannsen).

Aides curriei is extremely variable in coloration. The predominating vesti-
ture of the occiput and mesonotum varies from nearly pure white through pale
yellow and ocherous to brownish yellow. The brown thoracic stripes may be
well defined or diffused and likewise vary greatly in depth of color and extent.
The median stripe usually stops short before the antescutellar space, but in some
specimens it is continued in three or more slender lines to the scutellum. The
abdominal markings vary from slight borderings of white scales on the seg-
ments to a complete covering of such scales ; the most abundant and character-
istic form is that with a median area of white scales, thus producing a pair of
black spots on each segment. The amount of white scales on the wings likewise
varies and these scales may predominate on all the veins. There is no constant
colorational character to separate this species as adult from A edes onondagensis,
and the larvae, too, are much alike, differing chiefly in the head-hairs and the
structure of the comb-scales; the genitalia, also, are not diagnostic. Onon-
dagensis breeds in salt-water pools, curriei inhabits temporary pools throughout
the arid regions.

For the relationships and questions of possible synonymy our discussion under
Aedes onondagensis should be consulted. Aedes curriei was described as a
species distinct from the European Aedes dorsalis (Meigen) under the impres-
sion that the structure of the hind claws of the female differed, but it now
appears that both are alike in this respect. Doctor Ludlow has placed a type of
her mediolineaia in the U. S. National Museum. It is the form of curriei with
the abdominal pale markings very narrow.

AEDES ATROPALPUS (Coquillett) Dyar & Knab.

Culex atropalpus Coquillett, Can. Ent., xxxiv, 292, 1902.

Culex atropalpus Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, x, 195, 1902.

Culex atropalpus Smith, Ent. News, xiii, 301, 1902.

Culex atropalpus Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 144, pi. ii, f. 10, 1903.

Culex atropalpus Dyar, Ent. News, xiv, 180, 1903.

AEDES ATROPALPUS

639

Culex atropalpus Johannsen, Bull. 68, N. Y. State Mus., 416, 1903.
Culex atropalpus Smith, Bull. 171, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., 38, 1904.
Culex atropalpus Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xii, 172, 1904.
Culex atropalpus Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 278, 280, 305, 1904.
Culicada atropalpus Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 391b, 1904.
Culex atropalpus Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Stat., Rept. Mosq., 260, 1905.
Culex atropalpus Britton & Viereck, Rept. Conn. Agric. Exp. Stat., 1904, 269, 272,
273, 1905.

Culicada atropalpus Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 448, 449, 477, 1905.

Culex atropalpis Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 628, 1905.

Grabhamia atropalpus Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 48, 1905.

Aedes atropalpus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xiv, 189, 192, 1906.

Ochlerotatus atropalpus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 20, 1906.

Ochlerotatus atropalpus Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circular 72, 4, 1906.

Culex ? atropalpus Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 401, 1907.

Culex (?) atropalpus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 396, 1910.

Aedes atropalpus Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 719, 1910.

Original Description of Culex atropalpus:

?. Black, the halteres, apices of coxae, and bases and under side of femora, except
toward the apex, yellowish white; scales of palpi black, occiput covered with broad,
appressed whitish scales and with a patch of black ones near the middle of each
side, the middle of the upper side covered with narrow yellowish scales, the upright
forked scales yellow; scales of mesonotum golden yellow and with a median vitta of
black ones; scales of abdomen purplish black, and with a narrow fascia of whitish
ones at the bases of the segments, becoming much broader on the venter; scales of
legs black, those at base and on under side of femora, except toward the apex, also
at extreme apices of femora, both ends of tibiae and of the tarsal joints, except the
last two and apex of the third on the front and middle tarsi, white, those on last
joint of hind tarsi wholly white; claws of front and middle tarsi toothed, those of
the hind ones simple; wings hyaline, lateral scales of the veins long and narrow,
first submarginal cell slightly over twice as long as its petiole.

<$. Colouring as in the female, except that the short joints of the antennae are
ringed with white; palpi two-thirds as long as the proboscis, slender, the apex
blunt, last two joints less than half as long as the remaining portion, and bearing
a few rather short hairs; claspers of nearly an equal thickness, evenly covered with
hairs, and with a long, slender, curved claw at apex of each; fourth joint of front
and middle tarsi as broad as long; larger claw of front and middle tarsi one-toothed,
the smaller one and the claws of the hind tarsi simple.

Length, 3.5 to 4.5 mm. Thirty-seven females and three males. Type No. 6558,
U. S. National Museum.

Habitat. — Richmond, Va. (Sept. 26: E. G. Williams); Plummer's Isd., Mont-
gomery Co., Md. (May 18 to Aug. 14: R. P. Currie and H. S. Barber); Shenk's
Ferry, Pa. (Oct. 21: S. E. Weber), and White Mts., N. H. (H. K. Morrison).

Near Canadensis, but readily distinguished by the colour of the scales on the palpi
and mesonotum.

Description of Female, Male, Egg, Larva, and Pupa of Aedes atropalpus:

Female. — Proboscis rather long, slender, cylindrical ; vestiture black. Palpi
short, less than one-fifth as long as the proboscis ; vestiture black, scales rough,
seta? short. Antennas moderate, black, rugose, pilose, distal joints longer than
basal ones, second one slightly elongate and stouter, its base pale; tori sub-
spherical, with a cup-shaped apical hollow, brown shaded with black, a patch of
pale scales on inner side. Clypeus elliptical, prominent, brownish, nude. Eyes
black. Occiput narrow, black, densely clothed with white scales only a few of
which in the center are narrow, curved, most being broad, a triangular black
patch on the middle of the sides, a few small pale erect forked scales on vertex ;
bristles bordering the eyes small, black.

Prothoracic lobes moderate, remote, black, clothed with coarse, narrow, whitish
scales and brownish bristles. Mesonotum black, clothed with rather coarse, nar-
row, curved scales, a broad dorsal stripe not reaching anterior edge of antescu-
tellar space dark brown, a short narrow brown stripe on each side of ante-
seutellar space, the rest of the scales pale golden yellow ; bristles brown, those
over roots of wings paler. Scutellum trilobate, clothed with pale yellow scales,

640

MOSQUITOES OF XOBTH AMERICA

each lobe with a group of rather dark brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical,
prominent, blackish, nude. Pleura blackish, coxae brown, the vestiture of flat
white scales and short pale bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, gradually tapering posteriorly, last seg-
ment small ; dorsal vestiture of black scales, with a narrow band of white ones at
base of each segment except the last, the pale bands widened to subquadrate
patches at the sides, visible dorsally on sixth and seventh segments ; first seg-
ment with white scales dorsally and many pale seta? ; venter creamy white scaled,
with broad, blackish apical bands, the first two segments entirely white scaled.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; stem of second marginal cell much shorter than its
cell, that of second posterior about equal to its cell ; basal cross-vein distant a
little more than its own length from anterior cross- vein; veins brown, scales
black except for a short distance on costal edge at base, where they are white, the
outstanding scales on apical half of wing broadly ligulate. Halteres white, with
blackish, white-scaled knobs.

Legs rather long and slender, black scaled ; femora black, white at base beneath
and at extreme apex ; tibia? black, narrowly white at base and apex ; hind tarsi
black, each joint with a moderate white ring at base and apex, the last joint
entirely white; fore and mid tarsi with the white markings obsolete on last
three joints. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis long, slender, straight. Palpi slender, straight, not en-
larged apically, about three-fourths as long as the proboscis, entirely black
scaled, apex of long joint and last two joints with short and rather sparse black
hairs. Antennae plumose, the last two joints long and pilose, the others short,
grayish, the incrassated rings at insertions of the whorls darker ; hairs long,
moderately dense, brown. Coloration similar to the female. Wings narrower
than in the female, stalks of the fork-cells longer, the vestiture less abundant.
Abdomen long, depressed, straight-sided, the dorsal bands broader, the last
segment white scaled above ; lateral ciliation rather short but coarse, blackish,
abundant on distal half. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Genitalia (plate 31, fig. 210) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, broadly
conical at tip, apical lobe undeveloped, basal lobe represented by an area of dense
short setae on tubercular bases. Clasp-filament long, slender, uniform with a sub-
apical notch bearing a minute seta and a long articulated terminal spine. Harpes
narrow, concave, inner margins strongly revolute, tips bent over outwardly,
minutely denticulate. Harpagones with a ligulate stem which is excurved in
middle and bears an apical articulated filament, slender, curved, not as long as
stem. Unci forming a short stout cone with a rounded apex. Basal appendages
very small, with a few minute seta?.

Egg (plate 145, fig. 667). — Black, over three times as long as thick, sub-
fusiform, rounded at both ends, slightly flattened on one side, the surface Avith
irregular more or less transverse wrinkles and finely granular, the whole with
a gelatinous covering, a clear cushion at the micropylar end.

Larva, Stage IV (see figure of the entire larva, plate 60). — Head rounded,
slightly narrowed before eyes, a slight notch at insertion of antenna?, front mar-
gin broadly arcuate. Antenna? moderate, slender, nearly uniform, sparsely
spined all over ; tuft of two hairs a little beyond the middle ; four small terminal
spines of very uneven length and a small digit on a pedestal. Eyes large but
not elevated, transverse, pointed. Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single ; ante-
antennal tuft of four hairs. Mental plate widely triangular, the central tooth
large, with ten side teeth which become larger and more distant basally to the
last two, which are small. Mandible quadrangular, spined at base without ; two

AEDES ATROPALPUS

641

filaments near tip and an outer row of cilia; fourteen closely set filaments on
outer edge; dentition of four teeth on a process, three spine-shaped ones before,
three blunt ones at base, a broad serrate filament and eight hairs within ; process
below narrowly cleft in the bulbous tip, with patches of hair and a row of
stouter hairs ; five filamentous hairs within and four at base. Maxilla elongate
hemispherical, contracted before tip, divided by a band-shaped suture ; inner
half hairy, a crown of hairs at tip ; outer half with a patch of hair, two filaments
near suture and a spine on the other side; palpus three times as long as wide,
with four digits and two irregularities at tip, one of the digits short. Thorax
rounded, slightly wider than long; hairs abundant, subdorsal prothoracic ones
very short. Abdomen moderate, the posterior segments more elongated ; hairs
rather short, lateral tufts multiple to fifth segment, double on sixth. Tracheal
tubes broad, band-shaped, slightly expanded in the segments, narrowed pos-
teriorly but with distinct segmental expansions in the seventh and eighth seg-
ments. Air-tube short and stout, tapered beyond base, hardly twice as long as
wide ; pecten reaching nearly to tip, the distal four or five teeth larger and
detached; single tooth a long spine, broad at base, with one to four basal
branches; a multiple hair-tuft a little beyond middle of tube, well within the
pecten. Lateral comb of eighth segment of many scales in a triangular patch ;
single scale elliptical, base pointed, fringed all around, the five terminal teeth
of about equal length. Anal segment as long as broad, dorsal plate reaching
halfway down sides ; dorsal tuft a brush and hair on either side ; a single lateral
hair; ventral brush well developed, but sparse, without small tufts preceding
barred area. Anal gills large, very long, rather broad, with conspicuous trachea1.

Pupa (plate 150, fig. 712). — Thoracic mass narrowly pyriform, slightly
depressed at base of antenna? and behind head ; thorax rugose on dorsal line ;
air-tubes moderate, expanded, the tips slightly notched. Abdomen stout, rather
long, the basal segments strongly angled ; hairs slight, subdorsal ones long on
central segments, a small tuft on hind angles of eighth segment; anal paddles
with a long terminal seta.

The larvae live in pot-holes in rocks along streams, which are filled at high
water or by rains, and in crevices in rocks along the shores of lakes, that are
filled by waves in storms. The eggs are deposited singly on the sides of the
hole, above the water-level. There are apparently several generations in a year,
these depending on the raising of the water-level in the rock-pools which causes
the eggs to hatch. Females confined in a glass jar laid their eggs singly on the
water during the summer, but in patches adhering to the sides of the jar in the
fall. The winter is passed in the egg state, the eggs being evidently firmly
attached to the rocks. The larva? develop rather slowly. They feed mostly on
green algae. Both larva? and pupa? are unusually heavy, being little if at all
lighter than the water. The larva? therefore stay near the bottom with the
greatest ease, and are doubtless enabled to stay down for long periods owing
to the well-developed anal gills. Even the pupa? will rest motionless below the
surface, and are not obliged to get under some object in order to remain below
as most Aedes pupa? do. Breeding is confined to the rock pools, and the adults
are seldom taken far from the breeding-places. The females are active biters,
and very annoying along some of our rocky streams. Owing to its very local
occurrence and the restricted number of possible breeding-places, the species
is never extremely abundant, and only troublesome locally under special
conditions.

North-eastern United States.

Center, Harbor, New Hampshire, September 17, 1902 (H. G. Dyar) ; White
Mountains, New Hampshire (H. K. Morrison) ; Cummington, Massachusetts,
July 5, 1903 (F. Knab) ; Westfield, Massachusetts, July 14, 1903 (F. Knab) ;

642

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Tupper Lake, New York, August (H. G. Dyar) ; Double Beach, Connecticut,
July 21, 1904 (P. L. Butrick) ; Shenk's Ferry, Pennsylvania, October 21, 1901
(S. E. Weber) ; Plummer's Island, Maryland, June 5, 1903 (W. V. Warner) ;
Great Falls, Maryland, August 9, 1903 (F. C. Pratt) ; Chain Bridge, District
of Columbia, August 17, 1914 (H. G. Dyar) ; Difficult Pun, Virginia, August 8,
1906 (Knab and Barber) ; Eichmond, Virginia, October 26, 1901 (E. G. Wil-
liams) ; Saxeville, Wisconsin, June 3, 4, 20-29, July 8-11, 1909 (B. K. Miller).
Reported also from Maine (Smith).

AEDES EPACTIUS Dyar & Knab.

Aedes atropalpus Dyar & Knab (in part), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 192, 1906.
Aedes epactius Dyar & Knab, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxv, 53, 1908.
Aedes epaticus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 620, 1910.

Original Description of Aedes epactius :

Female. — Proboscis long and slender, black; palpi entirely black-scaled; vertex of
the head anteriorly with broad whitish scales, posteriorly with darker scales:
thorax deep brown-scaled, with slight bronzy luster and with whitish markings;
these markings consist of two very broad outcurved bands on the anterior half of
the mesonotum, which become approximated and narrowed at the middle, and run
parallel with each other to the scutellum; the sides of the mesonotum and the hind
margin of the scutellum are whitish-scaled; pleura with patches of white scales:
abdomen black-scaled above, with rather narrow white basal bands, black and
white-banded beneath; the wing- veins are clothed with long and narrow dusky
scales; legs black, the knees white, involving both ends of the joints; the front legs
with base and apex of the first tarsal joint and the base of the second white-ringed;
middle legs with the base and apex of the first tarsal joint narrowly white-ringed,
base and apex of the second joint still more narrowly so, the base of the third joint
narrowly ringed; hind legs with the last tarsal joint entirely white, the remaining
ones broadly white-ringed at base and apex; front and middle tarsal claws toothed,
the hind ones simple. Length, 4 mm.

In the male the palpi are long, but do not attain the apex of the proboscis by about
one-fourth its length, sparsely hairy, black-scaled without annulations; the head
is densely whitish-scaled; the mesothoracic markings are similar to those of the
female, but the white scaling is heavier; the antescutellar bare space is surrounded
by white scales, which are poorly indicated in the female; abdomen black-scaled
above, with basal white bands, black and white-banded beneath. Length, 4 mm.

Ten specimens from C6rdoba, Mexico, and Almoloya, in the State of Oaxaca,
Mexico, bred from larva? in holes or hollows in bowlders in stream beds. (F. Knab.)

Type— Cat. No. 11963, U. S. N. M.

This species is closely related to Aedes atropalpus Coquillett, but differs in the
coloration of the thoracic markings.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes epactius:

Female. — Proboscis rather long, slender, cylindrical, uniform, slightly
curved, labellse conically tapered; vestiture of black scales, setae very small,
curved, black. Palpi short and stout, less than one-fifth the length of the pro-
boscis, clothed with black, rough scales; bristles rather long, stout, black.
Antennae moderate, the basal joints rather short, rugose, blackish, setose, second
joint longer and stouter than succeeding one, pale brown, hairs of the whorls
sparse, black ; tori globose, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, brown, a small
patch of pale scales on inner side. Clypeus blackish, prominent, nude, elliptical.
Eyes black. Occiput narrow, black, clothed with sordid white scales, a few nar-
row curved scales in the middle, the others very broad and flat, a large patch
of black ones laterally, some slender, upright, forked dark scales well back on the
nape.

Prothoracic lobes moderate, remote, clothed with whitish scales and rather
short dark bristles. Mesonotum black, rather densely clothed with coarse, nar-
row, curved scales, a broad median stripe deep bronzy brown, the lateral scales
silvery white ; a short brown sublateral stripe on each side near the antescutellar
area. Scutellum trilobate, clothed with silvery-white scales, each lobe with a

AEDES EPACTIUS

643

group of bristles. Postnotum rounded, convex, brown, slightly pruinose, nude.
Pleura and coxte clothed with patches of broad white scales and rows of pale
bristles ; pleura brown, coxae luteous.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, tapering posteriorly, the cerci exserted ;
dorsal vestiture of dull black scales, the segments with rather narrow, uniform,
white basal bands, present even on the last segment ; first segment with patches
of flat white scales and many pale setas; venter white scaled, a sprinkling of
black ones at apices of segments, tending to form subapical bands, particularly
on distal segments. Cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell shorter than its
cell, that of second posterior cell also shorter than its cell ; basal cross-vein
distant more than its own length from anterior cross-vein ; veins brown, scales
black except at base of costa, where they are silvery-white for a short distance ;
outstanding scales on outer half of wing linear, spatulate, black. Halteres
whitish.

Legs rather long and slender; femora black, white-scaled at base and beneath,
apex broadly silver-white ; tibiae black-scaled, bases and apices white ; tarsi black,
hind ones with broad basal and apical white rings, the last joint entirely white ;
fore tarsi without white rings; mid tarsi with the rings obsolete on last three
joints. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 3.5 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Male. — Palpi slender, straight, about three-fourths as long as the proboscis,
black-scaled; apex of long joint and last two joints with sparse, rather short
and coarse bristles. Antennas plumose, the last two joints long and slender,
rugose, pilose, black, the others short, pale, with brown rings at insertions of the
hair-whorls ; hairs of whorls long, dark brown. Coloration similar to the female,
the head entirely covered with sordid silvery scales, the black lateral spots being
absent. Abdomen elongate, the sides densely hairy, the segmental white bands
broader, the last segment entirely white scaled above. Wings narrower than in
the female, the stems of the fork-cells longer, the vestiture less abundant. Claw
formula, 2.1-2.1-0.0.

Genitalia (plate 32, fig. 214) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, tips
tapered, bluntly rounded ; apical lobe undeveloped ; basal lobe rounded, sub-
spherical, setose. Clasp-filament long, slender, uniform, with a long terminal
spine. Harpes small, elliptical, concave, tips thickened and pointed outwardly.
Harpagones with a long, slender, curved stem and smooth terminal filament,
tapering to a point. Unci forming a basal cone with revolute margins.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 119, fig. 411). — Head rounded, slightly widened
through eyes ; antennae small, uniform, slightly spinose, with a small hair-tuft at
middle ; upper pair of dorsal head-hairs double, lower pair single, ante-antennal
tufts in fours. Lateral comb of eighth segment of about twenty-five scales in an
irregular patch. Air-tube about three times as long as wide, slightly tapering
outwardly ; pecten-teeth reaching to apical third, the outer ones stouter and sepa-
rated, extending beyond the hair-tuft. Anal segment longer than wide, with a
rather small dorsal plate, spinose posteriorly; dorsal tuft a long hair and tuft
on each side ; ventral brush well developed, scarcely exceeding barred area. Anal
gills longer than the segment, subequal, pointed.

The larvae live in water in pot-holes or depressions in rocks. Mr. Knab got
them in depressions in bowlders in stream beds. At Cordoba they were asso-
ciated with Aedes fluviaMlis and Culex pinarocampa.

Southern Mexico.

Almoloya, State of Oaxaca, July 20, 1905 (F. Knab) : Cordoba, State of Vera
Cruz, January 4, 1908 (F. Knabj.

644

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Aedes epactius is very closely allied to Aedes atropalpus. but as the adults
differ in coloration we hold them separate. The larva? are closely similar and
the life-histories seem to be identical.

AEDES VARIPALPUS (Coquillett) Dyar & Knab.

Culex varipalpus Coquillett, Can. Ent, xxxiv, 292, 1902.

Culex varipalpus Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vi, 39, 1904.

Culex varipalpus Hine, Can. Ent., xxxvi, 89, 1904.

Culex varipalpus Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xii, 90, 1904.

TceniorJiynchus sierrensis Ludlow, Can. Ent., xxxvii, 231, 1905.

Grabhamia varipalpus Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiii, 54, 1905.

Culex varipalpis Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 628, 630, 1905.

Grabhamia varipalpus Dyar, Proc Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 48, 1905.

Culicada varipalpus Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 447, 1905.

f Finlaya sierrensis Ludlow, Can. Ent., xxxviii, 132, 1906.

Aedes varipalpus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 200, 1906.

Ochlerotatus varipalpus Quayle, Univ. Cal. Agr. Exp. Stat., Bull. 178, 50, 52, 1906.

Culex varipalpus Blaisdell, Ent. News, xvii, 107, 1906.

Ochlerotatus varipalpus Coquillett, TJ. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 20, 1906.
Ochlerotatus varipalpus Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circular 72, 5, 1906.
Aedes varipalpus Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxii, 125, 1907.
Culex varipalpus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 365, 1910.
Twniorhynchus (?) sierronsis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 432, 1910.

Original Description of Culex varipalpus:

$. Same as atropalpus, with these exceptions: Scales on apices of palpi and a
ring near the middle, white; occiput with two patches of black ones on each side,
the upright forked ones black and whitish; first submarginal cell noticeably less than
twice as long as its petiole.

Length, 3 mm. A female specimen collected July 29 by Mr. H. S. Barber. Type
No. 6559, U. S. N. M.

Habitat. — Williams, Arizona.

Original Description of Twniorhynchus sierrensis:

J. Head brown, a median line of white curved scales extending up between the
eyes, immediately followed laterally by a patch of flat brown scales, a narrow white
stripe laterad, followed by a brown stripe, narrow white line around the eyes, white
forked and curved scales on the occiput; the general effect is of two brown sub-
median spots, and the curved scales are confined to this comparatively narrow
median line; antennae brown, and while not really banded, giving the effect of white
bands, verticels brown, pubescence white, basal joint white scaled; palpi brown
with white tips, and a narrow light band about midway; proboscis dark brown;
clypeus brown; eyes brown.

Thorax brown, with fine tomentum, resembling the " frost " on some Anophelina,
partly denuded, but sparsely covered with brown and white curved and spindle-
shaped scales, the white scales being apparently mostly on the outer parts of the
mesonotum, i. e., cephalad, on the sides, and a heavy median bunch just in front of
the scutellum; prothoracic lobes brown, with white curved scales; scutellum brown,
such scales as remain are white curved and spatulate; pleura brown, with heavy
patches of broad white scales: metanotum brown, nude.

Abdomen brown, with basal white lateral spots and basal white bands, thickened
on the median line, which do not always reach all the way across, and on the penulti-
mate segment is merely a median white spot: some segments also narrowly
apically banded, apical hairs brown; ventrally mostly light scaled, and on the distal
segments arranged so as to form both basal and apical bands.

Legs: coxae and trochanters brown, with light scales; femora dark, slightly
speckled with white scales, the dorsal sides the darker, but on the hind legs light
at the base; small white knee spot on all the legs, a little more pronounced on the
hind legs; tibiae dark, sometimes a little speckled; metatarsi on all the legs with
basal and apical light spots, which are very faint, sometimes missing on the fore
legs and develop into well-marked basal and apical white bands on the hind legs;
the fore legs are of lighter brown and the banding often very faint or missing; 1st
and 2nd tarsal joints on the hind legs with apical white bands, on mid and fore legs
only the 1st tarsal have apical white spots, and in the fore leg they are very in-
distinct; remaining joints brown; ungues simple and equal.

Wings covered with brown typical Twniorhynchus scales; 1st submarginal cell
nearly a half longer and a little narrower than the 2nd posterior, the stems nearly

AEDES VARIPALPUS

645

the same length; supernumerary cross-vein slightly shorter and slightly interior of
the mid cross-vein, the posterior about the same length as mid and a little more
than its own length distant; halteres light. Length, 6 mm.

Male is very like the female; palpi nearly as long as the proboscis, the ultimate
joint small and basally white banded, the penultimate also basally white, otherwise
the organ is brown, and is not plumose. Length, 4 mm. Habitat. — Sierra Nevada
Mts., California.

Described from several specimens sent from Three Rivers (?), Cal., by Dr. E. J.
Bingham, 1st Lt, Asst. Surg., U. S. A. The thoracic scaling at first suggests Culex
triseriatus. Say, but the abdominal marking and the banded legs carry it away from
that, and besides that the wing scales are distinctively Tccniorhynchus scales.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes varipalpus :

Female. — Proboscis slender and rather long, cylindrical, uniform, the labella?
conically tapered ; vestiture black. Palpi short, less than one-fourth as long as
the proboscis, rather stout ; vestiture of black scales, apex broadly white scaled
and tips of the two basal joints white ringed ; setae moderate, black. Antenna1
moderate, joints subequal, rugose, shining black, second joint with a small tuft
of white scales within at base ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excava-
tion, with a large patch of flat white scales on inner side ; hairs of whorls mod-
erate, coarse, black. Clypeus bluntly conical, dull black, nude. Eyes black.
Occiput blackish, clothed with creamy white scales, in the middle rather broad
curved ones, broad, flat appressed ones at the sides, a large patch of dark brown
ones each side of middle, a smaller one well down the sides, many erect, forked,
pale scales on the nape ; bristles bordering eyes coarse, black.

Prothoracic lobes, moderate, remote, black, clothed with broad, flat, white
scales and black bristles. Mesonotum black, clothed with dark bronzy-brown
and shining yellowish-white, rather dense, coarse, curved scales, forming a
variegated pattern ; the pale scales form a broad, median pale golden stripe on
the anterior half which spreads in front to the humeri ; antescutellar bare space
surrounded by silvery scales and connected with the median stripe by a narrow
line of pale scales ; posteriorly a narrow silvery line on each side of antescutellar
space and nearly joining the median stripe ; lateral margins irregularly pale
scaled and near the middle sending an oblique branch to the median stripe ; two
narrow bare lines anteriorly ; bristles rather long, coarse and black. Scutellum
trilobate, blackish, clothed with broad, flat, shining white scales, each lobe with
about eight black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dull blackish-
brown, nude. Pleurae brown, coxa? pale, with broad flat white scales and pale
bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, tapering posteriorly, the cerci exserted ;
dorsal vestiture of black scales, each segment with a large basal, median, roughly
triangular patch of white scales and larger lateral patches which are narrowly
connected basally with the median patch, the last three or four segments bear
also a few apical white scales ; first segment clothed with white scales and with
many pale hairs ; venter clothed with white scales with a few black ones inter-
mixed, a series of subapical broad black bands, broadly interrupted medianly on
all but the sixth and seventh segments ; cerci black.

Wings moderate hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell a little shorter than
its cell, that of second posterior about the same length as its cell ; basal cross-
vein about its own length distant from anterior cross-vein; scales of veins dense,
long, all brown, the outstanding ones on outer half of wings broadly linear, costa
with a blue reflection and a minute white spot at base; fringe dusky with a
whitish luster. Halteres entirely whitish.

Legs rather long and slender ; femora clothed with black and white scales, the
white ones predominating basally, the black ones apically, tip broadly white ;
tibia? clothed with bluish-black scales, a few white ones at extreme base and tip,

646

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

the stiff outstanding bristles pale brownish ; tarsi black, ringed with white on
both ends of joints, narrowly and obscurely so on front and middle legs, of which
the last three joints are wholly black, broadly and pure white, contrasting, on the
hind legs, the last joint wholly white. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-0.0.
Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis slender, straight. Palpi as long as the proboscis, slender,
the last two joints very slightly enlarged ; vestiture black, bases of last two
joints broadly ringed with white, a white patch near base of long joint ; hairs on
last two joints and apex of long joint sparse, small, black. Antennae plu-
mose; last two joints long and slender, the others short, white, a brown ring
at origins of hair-whorls ; hairs long and blackish, lustrous. Coloration similar
to the female. Wings rather narrower than in the female, the stems of the
fork-cells nearly the same, the vestiture less abundant. Abdomen elongate,
densely and coarsely hairy at the sides ; dorsum with the white scales forming
broad, basal, segmental bands. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Genitalia (plate 31, fig. 209) : Side-pieces about three times as long as wide,
tip conically rounded, apical lobe absent, basal lobe shortly quadrate, densely
covered with stiff sete with tubercular bases. Clasp-filament long and slender,
slightly swollen medianly, with a long articulated terminal spine. Harpes
slender, rather long, margins narrowly revolute, apex tapering to a small point
which is bent sharply over. Harpagones with a stout long cylindrical base,
curved in an arc, with a terminal articulated filament, long, ligulate, the tip
slightly tapered, reaching to outer fourth of side piece. Unci membranous,
indistinguishable. Basal appendages small, bearing four short stout setae.

Larva, Stage IV (see figure of the entire larva, plate 75). — Head rounded,
subquadrate, the sides straight, a notch at insertion of antennae, front margin
broadly arcuate. Antenna? cylindrical, slender, smooth, a single long hair
near middle ; three unequal spines and a digit on a pedicel at tip. Eyes small,
round, with a central hair. Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single ; ante-anten-
nal tuft four-haired. Mental plate triangular, with a central tooth and ten teeth
on each side, the basal ones smaller and more remote. Mandible quadrangular,
a few small spines at base ; two filaments near tip, an outer row of cilia from a
collar ; fourteen filaments on outer edge, the outer ones more scattered ; denti-
tion of four teeth on a process, the first the largest ; a tooth before, two small
ones and a setose projection at base, a flat serrate filament and four slender ones
within ; process below cleft-furcate, hairy at tip and with a row of hairs down
the middle ; basal angle large, four filaments within ; a row of coarse hairs at
base. Maxilla irregularly spherical, divided by a suture, outer half lunate, much
smaller than inner; hairs of inner half erect, a group of obtuse processes in
middle of inner side, the long hairs near tip directed inwardly ; outer half with
a row of hairs ; two filaments at suture ; palpus nearly four times as long as wide,
smooth, with four digits, of which two are small and one of them subapical.
Thorax rounded, wider than long, anterior margin nearly straight. Hairs
abundant, except on prothorax which is weakly and shortly haired. Abdomen
long, posterior segments more elongate, submonilif orm ; hairs short, the lateral
tufts two-haired from first to fifth segments, single on sixth; secondary hairs
well developed, but not long. Tracheal tubes rather broad, band-shaped,
slightly expanded in each segment, narrowed and tubular in seventh segment,
expanded in thorax. Air-tube stout, conically tapered outwardly, two and a
half times as long as wide; pecten occupying less than basal third, the teeth
evenly spaced; single tooth a long tapered spine with short broad base from
which arise two small spines; a three-haired tuft before middle of tube, well
beyond pecten. Lateral comb of eighth segment of few scales in a small patch,

AEDES CANADENSIS

647

scarcely three rows deep; single scales with triangular base, the body thick and
broadly rounded, spined nearly evenly all round, about seven subequal spines on
the broad tip. Anal segment widened outwardly, as broad as long; dorsal plate
reaching halfway down the sides, removed from posterior edge; dorsal tuft a
long brush of five hairs on each side, a single lateral hair at posterior angle of
plate; ventral brush very small, of a few long hairs. Anal gills very large, four
or more times as long as the segment, inflated, the ends rounded, Avith distinct
central branched tracheae and small white superficial spots.

The larvaa live in holes in trees containing water, but are found also in
artificial receptacles under suitable conditions. Dr. Dyar first found them in an
old tin in a shanty. Dr. Blaisdell found them in a hole in a sycamore tree and
Dr. Dyar later met with them abundantly in holes in live oaks. Dr. Blaisdell
says : " For the last three years they have been abundant, from July to January,
when there was sufficient rain to keep water in the hole." The eggs are of the
usual fusiform shape, black and granular, laid separately in irregular groups
upon the sides of the cavity. They hatch upon the advent of water, and there
are apparently several broods during the summer. The winter is probably
passed in the egg state. The larvae are slow in their motions and rather sluggish,
remaining long below the surface of the water, which they are enabled to do on
account of remarkably developed anal gills. The adult females bite readily in
the daytime. Dr. Dyar says:

" The males are attracted to the person as well as the females. While they
can not bite, they occasionally alight, and several were so taken, supposed at
first to be females about to bite. While sitting in the woods near Victoria,
British Columbia, the writer observed a small swarm of males which gathered
before him and continued to dance, one occasionally alighting for an instant, as
long as he remained there. During this time two females came to bite and each
was immediately seized by a male, the pair flying off in a downward direction
in copulation, which lasted apparently bnt a few seconds."

Extreme western portion of the United States and Canada.

Kaslo, British Columbia, June, 1903 (H. G. Dyar) ; Vancouver, British
Columbia, August 6, 1906 (H. G. Dyar) ; Nanaimo, British Columbia, August
6, 1906 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Wellington, British Columbia, August 8, 1906
(Dyar and Caudell) ; Victoria, British Columbia, August 12, 1906 (H. G.
Dyar) ; Seattle, Washington, July 31, 1906 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Ashford,
Oregon, August 4, 1906 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Kent, Washington, June 20, 1907
(H. E. Burke) ; Portland, Oregon (R. P. Currie) ; Dunsmuir, California, July
19, 1906 (A. N. Caudell) ; Fieldbrook, California, May 26, 1903 (H. S. Bar-
ber) ; Bair's Ranch, Humboldt County, California, June, 1903 (H. S. Barber) ;
Eureka, California, June 3, 1903 (H. S. Barber) ; Stanford University, Cali-
fornia, July 7, 1903 (I. McCracken) ; Stockton, California (H. J. Quayle) ;
San Raphael, California, July 14, 1904 (E. H. Ashman) ; Pasadena, California,
May 11, 1906 (H. G. Dyar) ; Claremont, California (C. F. Baker) ; Williams,
Arizona, July 29 (H. S. Barber) ; Glenbrook, Nevada, August 25, 1915 (H. G.
Dyar).

Aedes varipalpus shows considerable variation in the ornamentation of the
imago. The thoracic pattern varies in extent, definition and somewhat in color-
ation. The white median dorsal spots of the abdominal segments may be nearly
obsolete or may be expanded and joined to the lateral spots, thus producing
basal bands.

AEDES CANADENSIS (Theobald) Dyar & Knab.

Culex canadensis Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 3, 1901.
Culex canadensis Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 422, 1902.
Culex canadensis Dyar, Science, n. s., xvi, 672, 1902.

648

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Culex canadensis Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, x, 194, 1902.
Culex canadensis Smith, Ent. News, xiii, 267, 300, pi. xv, £. 2, 1902.
Culex canadensis Johannsen, Bull. 68, N. Y. State Mus., 416, 1903.
Culex canadensis Dyar. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 141, pi. ii, f. 16, 1903.
Culex canadensis Smith, Bull. 171, N. J. Agr. Exp. Stat., 27, 1904.
Culex canadensis Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vi, 38, 1904.
Culex canadensis Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 303, 1904.
Culicada canadensis Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 391&, 1904.
Culex nivitarsis Coquillett, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vi, 168, 1904.
Grabhamia canadensis Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 48, 1905.
Culex niveitarsis Smith & Grossbeck, Psyche, xii, 14, 1905.
Culex niveitarsis Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 227, 1905.
Culex canadensis Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 265, 1905.
Culicada canadensis Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 474, 1905.
Culex canadensis Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 316, 1905.

Culex canadensis Britton & Viereck, Rept. Conn. Agr. Exp. Stat. 1904, 269, 272, 273,
1905.

Culicada (Culex) canadensis Weber, Ent. News, xvii, 279, 381, 1906.
Aedes canadensis Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 200, 1906.
Aedes nivitarsis Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 200, 1906.
Ochlerotatus canadensis Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 20, 1906.
Ochlerotatus nivitarsis Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 20, 1906.
Ochlerotatus canadensis and nivitarsis Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circular 72,
5, 1906.

Culex niveitarsis Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 408, 1907.

Culicada canadensis Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 341, 1907.

Culex canadensis Howard, Osier's Modern Medicine, i, 376, 1907.

Aedes canadensis Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., 1, 547, 1908.

Culex (Ochlerotatus) canadensis Viereck, 1st Ann. Rept. Comm. Health Pa., 470, 1908.

Aedes canadensis Thibault, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xii, 19, 1910.

Culicada (?) canadensis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 302, 1910.

Culex niveitarsis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 355, 1910.

Culex canadensis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 351, 1910.

Aedes niveitarsis Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 718, 1910.

Aedes canadensis Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 719, 1910.

Original Description of Culex canadensis:

Thorax deep chestnut-brown, with curved golden-brown scales, paler and broader
ones at the sides. Abdomen dusky black, with basal white lateral patches, which
show on the dorsum of the fourth to seventh segments. Fore and mid ungues of the
$ equal and serrated, the hind equal, simple and nearly straight.

$. Head dark brown, covered with pale golden curved scales, with a few black
and ochraceous upright forked ones, and a border of pale scales round the eyes,
black bristles projecting forwards, and a tuft of pale golden ones between the eyes;
antennae black with narrow pale bands and pale pubescence; basal joint and basal
half of the second testaceous; proboscis, palpi and clypeus very dark brown.

Thorax brown to deep dull purplish-brown under the lens, deep chestnut-brown
to the naked eye, covered with curved golden-brown scales on the dorsum of the
mesonotum and with rather broader and paler ones at the sides; scutellum deep
purplish-brown, with pale narrow curved scales and a single row of golden-brown
bristles to the mid lobe of the scutellum; metanotum chestnut-brown; pleurae
purplish-brown, with several patches of white scales.

Abdomen covered with dusky black scales, each segment with short pale golden
posterior bristles, the segments with basal white lateral patches, which show on
the dorsum of the fourth to seventh segments; venter entirely covered with pale
ochraceous scales.

Legs with the coxae pale ochraceous, also the bases and under sides of the femora,
which are blackish towards the apical end, extreme apex pure white; tibia? black
scaled above, ochraceous below; the mid and hind pair have the apex with yellow and
white scales forming a small spot; fore metatarsus and tarsi uniformly dark
bronze colour; mid metatarsus with a pale dusky yellow band at the base and apex,
first joint of mid tarsus with a narrow basal dusky yellow band, remainder dark
bronzy brown; hind metatarsi not nearly as long as the tibiae, pale banded at each
end, first and second tarsal joints pale at each end, the third all dark, the fourth pale
dusky white; fore and mid claws equal, with a single tooth to each, hind ones nearly
straight and simple.

Wings with the veins brown scaled, the lateral scales being rather thin and long;
first sub-marginal cell a little longer and considerably narrower than the second
posterior cell, its stem about two-thirds the length of the cell and equal in length

AEDES CANADENSIS

649

to the stem of the second posterior cell; posterior cross-vein about its own length
distant from the mid cross-vein.

Halteres with almost a white stem and a deep black knob.

Length. — 6 to 6.5 mm.

J1. Head black, with black upright forked scales behind and a few ochraceous
ones in front and pale golden curved scales; on the sides are pure-white flat scales;
antenna? banded brown and white with chestnut-brown plumes; proboscis deep dull
purplish-black; palpi deep brown basally, black towards the apex, the last joint but
one with a basal band of white scales, hair-tufts dark brown.

Thorax deep brown, denuded; scutellum deep brown, median lobe with a single
row of bristles; pleurae deep chestnut-brown, with patches of white scales.

Abdomen steely-black, with dusky brownish-black scales, the last few segments
with basal white lateral patches; basal lobes of male genitalia black scaled and hairy.

Wings with the first sub-marginal cell a little longer and considerably narrower
than the second posterior cell, its base a little nearer the apex of the wing than that
of the second posterior, its stem not quite as long as the cell; stem of the second pos-
terior cell equal in length to its cell; posterior cross-vein distant about twice its own
length from the mid cross-vein.

Length. — 5 mm.

Habitat. — De Grassi Point, Lake Simcoe, Ontario (E. M. Walker) (66).
Time of capture. — June and July.

Observations. — A very distinct species, in which the legs are very character-
istically marked, the last tarsal joint of the hind legs being entirely dull white and
the banding of the legs involving both sides of the joints. The dusky scaled
abdomen, with the creamy-white basal lateral patches, is also very characteristic.
It can thus be easily separated from any other North American species. A single
male only was received, but a good series of $'s. The specimens were taken in such
localities as the following: " From a low wood of arbor vita?, spruce, balsam, fir,
&c"; "common in rich woods and swamps"; also from dry and low woods and
grass; grass and low herbs in a wood of aspen, maple, balsam, &c, according to the
notes sent by the collector.

Original Description of Culex nivitarsis:

$. — Black, the thorax and scutellum brown, the first antennal joint, halteres,
coxae, femora, and tibia? yellow, the hind tarsi white and with a faint median
brownish band on the three middle joints. Scales of palpi brown, those on the basal
portion yellow, on the apex white; scales of upper part of occiput golden yellow, on
the sides and lower part chiefly white, those on the mesonotum golden yellow, on
the abdomen purple, those on the extreme bases and front angles of the segments
yellowish, including all on the seventh and following segments, those on the venter
white. Scales of legs brown and whitish, not forming bands or spots, those on the
first two pairs of tarsi brown and with white ones on the narrow bases and broad
apices of the first two joints as well as on the narrow bases of the remaining joints
of the middle tarsi; scales of the hind tarsi almost wholly white; all tarsal claws
toothed. Wings grayish hyaline, the scales brown, lateral scales of the veins narrow
and almost linear, petiole of first submarginal cell about two-thirds as long as this
cell, hind cross-vein about its own length from the small. Length 4 mm.

J. — Palpi slender, black, a broad band in middle of first joint and bases of the
following joints white, proboscis reaching almost to apex of penultimate joint of
palpi. Front and middle tarsi with one of their claws bidentate and the other
unidentate, hind tarsal claws also unidentate; some of the brown bands on the hind
tarsi quite distinct, especially the one on the third joint. Petiole of the first sub-
marginal cell almost as long as that cell. Length 4.5 mm. Otherwise as in the
female.

Paterson, New Jersey, May 12. A specimen of each sex submitted by Dr. J. B.
Smith, to whom they have been returned.

Description of Female, Male, Larva, and Egg of Aedes canadensis:

Female. — Proboscis rather long, cylindrical, uniform, tip scarcely widened,
labella? conically tapered; vestiture black with a slight bluish luster; seta? very
small, curved, black, those on the labellse more prominently outstanding. Palpi
short, stout, about one-fifth the length of the proboscis, the vestiture of bluish-
black scales mixed with a few white ones and many rather short black seta?, the
tips narrowly white scaled. Antenna? with the joints subequal, black, rugose,
pilose, the second joint a little longer and pale at extreme base; tori sub-
spherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, pale yellowish, with a group of
42

650

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

email black setae on inner side ; hairs of whorls sparse, moderate, black. Clypeus
shortly conical, prominent, nude. Occiput brown, clothed broadly with narrow,
curved, pale yellowish scales on the vertex, broad flat white ones on the sides,
some brownish ones intermixed subdorsally, many erect, very narrow forked
scales dorsally, some black, some pale ; setae along margins of eyes coarse, black.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with scales like those on
vertex of head and numerous pale bristles. Mesonotum ferruginous brown, dor-
sal lines slightly paler ; vestiture of small, narrow curved scales, golden brown
dorsally, pale golden along anterior and lateral margins and around antescu-
tellar space ; a narrow golden line each side on posterior half outside of ante-
scutellar space; bristles moderate, black, numerous above roots of wings.
Scutellum trilobate, brown, clothed with pale golden scales, each lobe with a
group of about ten long brownish bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent,
brownish luteous, nude. Pleurae and coxae luteous, clothed with flat white scales
and short pale bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, posterior segments tapering ; dorsal vesti-
ture of black scales with a slight greenish or coppery reflection, a narrow band
of white scales at base of each segment widening laterally, medianly interrupted
on sixth and seventh segments ; first segment with a patch of black scales in the
middle, a few white ones on each side, and with many fine pale hairs ; venter
entirely whitish scaled except for triangular black patches on posterior lateral
margins ; cerci black ; setae fine, moderately abundant.

Wings rather broad, hyaline with an iridescent luster ; petiole of second mar-
ginal cell about two-thirds as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell about
as long as its cell ; posterior cross- vein about its own length distant from anterior
cross- vein; vestiture of veins entirely black, the outstanding scales on apical
portion of wing dense, narrowly ligulate. Halteres whitish, with a slightly
darker knob.

Legs moderately long and slender ; femora largely pale beneath, a few black
scales above which become numerous at apex, tips white; tibiae pale on sides,
clothed with black scales along outer edge ; tarsi black, each joint of hind tarsi
with a broad basal and apical white ring, the last joint wholly white ; bands on
mid tarsi much reduced, on fore tarsi present only on first and base of second
joint, the last three joints entirely black. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight. Palpi exceeding the proboscis by half the length
of last joint, last two joints slightly enlarged ; vestiture brownish black, a broad
white ring at middle of long joint and a small one at bases of last two joints ;
end of long joint and last two joints with numerous long dull brown hairs.
Antennae plumose, the last two joints long and setose, the others short, the
thickened rings at insertions of hair-whorls black, the rest pale ; hairs of whorls
long, dense, brown. Coloration similar to the female. Wings narrower than in
the female, the stems of the fork-cells longer, both considerably longer than their
cells, the vestiture sparse. Abdomen elongate, depressed, the basal white bands
very broad and laterally expanded; lateral ciliation long, dense, pale yellowish.
Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Genitalia (plate 28, fig. 193) : Side-pieces two and one-half times longer than
broad, apical and basal lobes similar, quadrate, prominent, flattened, with dense
short setae. Clasp-filament long and slender, slightly swollen medianly, with a
long articulated terminal spine. Harpes flat, concave, inner margin revolute,
tip bent sideways, with a short spine. Harpagones with a slender columnar stem
bearing a small seta before the tip and a slender linear filament at the apex which
is nearly as long as the stem. Unci membranous, obscure, forming a small

AEDES CANADENSIS

651

basal truncated cone. Basal appendages small, approximated, bearing four
6mall setae at tip.

Larva, Stage IV (see figure of entire larva, plate 61). — Head broad, nar-
rowed before eyes but nearly straight, a slight notch at insertion of antenna?,
front margin broadly arcuate. Antennae rather long, slender, subcylindrical,
tapering a little distally, well spined all over ; a large tuft before middle ; four
spines of irregular lengths at tip and one small digit. Eyes large, transverse.
Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs and anteantennal tufts multiple. Mental plate
triangular, the central tooth scarcely longer than the others, eleven side teeth,
becoming more remote and larger toward the base except the last, which is small.
Mandible quadrangular, elongate, rounded without, with a group of blunt
spinules toward base ; two filaments near tip ; an outer row of stout cilia ; eight
filaments and two plumose hairs on outer edge; dentition of three teeth on a
prominence and a fourth rudimentary ; a long filament before, an appressed tooth
at base, a broad filament and five fringed ones within ; process below furcate, with
groups of hairs; basal prominence large, rounded, with five filamentous hairs
within ; ten large hairs at base. Maxilla elongate, hemispherical, divided by a
band-shaped suture ; inner half hairy on margin and near the suture ; a crown
and short band of hairs at tip ; outer half haired toward base, two filaments near
the suture and a spine near tip ; palpus with wide base and four minute digits
at tip. Thorax rounded, wider than long; hairs abundant, not long, the sub-
dorsal prothoracic hairs single. Abdomen rather stout, anterior segments
shorter; hairs moderate, the laterals of first segment multiple, double on second
to fifth segments, single on sixth ; secondary hairs few, but subdorsal tufts on
fourth and fifth segments rather long. Tracheal tubes broad, band-shaped,
slightly expanded in the segments, narrower posteriorly. Air-tube stout,
tapered, thickest beyond base, three times as long as wide ; pecten reaching nearly
to middle, the teeth evenly spaced; single tooth a long spine with wide base,
simple or with two to four branches. Lateral comb of eighth segment of many
scales in a triangular patch ; single scale elongate with pointed base, fringed
with spines of which the apical ones are longest. Anal segment longer than
wide; dorsal plate large, reaching two-thirds way down the sides, straight on
lateral margin ; dorsal tuft a brush and hair on either side ; a single lateral hair ;
ventral brush well developed, with short tufts preceding barred area toward
base. Anal gills moderate, ensiform, about as long as the segment.

Egg (plate 146, fig. 682). — Subfusiform, slightly flattened on one side, micro-
pylar end roundedly flattened, with a central truncated prominence ; sculpture
roughly quadrangular, the rows somewhat spiral.

The larva? live in temporary ground-pools of all sorts. The eggs lie on the
ground over winter, and many hatch with the melting snow, making an early
spring brood. Many of the eggs, however, still remain, and in favorable loca-
tions some of them hatch with each rain, producing successive broods of adults.
Probably in the main there is but a single generation in the year, although this
is mostly inferential, as the point has not been proved. The species is one of the
commonest in the northern woods, and the adults are in evidence until later in
the season than the other early spring species. It becomes less prominent in the
south. In Virginia we have met with the larva? in cold springs; it is not
usually found in the ordinary ground-pools, as these are apparently too warm.
Prof. J. B. Smith of New Jersey has published the following observations :

" This is the earliest and latest of the species that winter in the egg stage :
earliest as, to both adult and larva, and latest as to larva only. The extreme
records for either direction are from Mr. J. Turner Brakeley, who found
recently hatched larva? in November and again in the February following. That

652

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

the February larva? did not hibernate as such is abundantly proved by the almost
daily collections made during February, 1903, by the fact that larva? developed
in water with a portion of the mud bottom from woodland pools and, finally,
by the fact that I found the eggs in some samples of mud from the bottom of
breeding pools sent in to me for examination at my request.

" The first find was made February 6th in a jar in which larva? of C. mela-
nurus were being bred. These larva? were collected February 3d, and at that
time no trace of small wrigglers was noted. One example found on the 6th
seemed as if it had just hatched, and there is no reasonable doubt that the trans-
fer from the breeding pools to the house temperature induced development.
Collections were made in the field February 8th in a sleet storm, the pools ice
covered and the water temperature 36 degrees. Twenty-five specimens, all of
them apparently just out of the egg, were collected, and these mostly out of the
bottom mud where they seemed to be in hiding. To test this yet further, a
supply of bottom material was secured February 9th, and in less than twenty-
four hours minute larva? were found in each of the breeding jars into which it
was placed. It is positively proved, therefore, that during the early days of Feb-
ruary, in water just above the freezing temperature, the larvae of canadensis
may and do hatch from the egg under entirely natural conditions. Hatching
may be hastened by disturbing the material in which the eggs are laid, and this
probably accounts for the larva? first found in the jars.

" February, 1903, was a cold month and the breeding pools in which the
larva? were found became iced over several times, so as to bar absolutely all
access to the surface ; nevertheless, there was no apparent decrease in the number
of specimens, but, on the contrary, a continuous increase. Artificial tests were
made February 18th and 19th, when the bottles with baby larva? were allowed to
freeze almost solid. Nevertheless they survived the test and specimens could be
watched partly imbedded in ice, wriggling to free themselves until the sur-
rounding temperature rose sufficiently to release the ice grip. In nature the
larva? usually manage to escape actual freezing by getting into the bottom mud,
and that was illustrated by an examination made March 2d, after a night when
the thermometer registered 23 degrees. The pool was completely ice-covered, a
hole was chopped near the edge with an ax, and through this hole larva? were
dipped up in fair numbers with the bottom material. No larva? were imbedded
in the ice.

" Development at this season is slow and the new hatchings during early
March rapidly overhauled those that appeared earlier, so that by the middle of
that month the great bulk of the brood was about half grown or a little larger.
The pupal period ranges from two to seven days, according to temperature.

" The earliest record for adults taken outdoors is April 14th and is also from
Mr. Brakeley. It is not until the early days of May, however, that both sexes
are at all abundant, and at that time not all of the hibernated eggs are yet
hatched. There is a false appearance of a second brood coming immediately
after the first adults are on the wing; but it seems fairly certain that all the
canadensis that are found until the middle of June are from hibernating eggs.
After that time the species decreases in number, though it has been taken in all
stages throughout the summer. What seems to be the second brood begins to
hatch during the early days of June, and thereafter I have not been able to
identify any definite period when young were present in large numbers.

" Our records show larva?, pupa? and adults at South Orange as early as April
27th, and at Garret Mountain, Paterson, April 29th. A month later, May 28th,
South Orange again had recently hatched larva? in considerable number. From
the Paterson district larva? were taken that matured early in September, and
larva? found in the Great Piece meadows in early September yielded canadensis

AEDES CANADENSIS

653

up to the 21st of that month. Perhaps the greatest abundance of canadensis
is in late May, and thereafter a constant decrease. It occurs throughout the
State.

" Breeding places are any sort of woodland pools or even larger water bodies.
Mr. Brakeley finds them in the water covering his cranberry bogs during the
winter, sometimes in very large numbers. These bogs are covered with water
late in fall and are kept covered until the middle of May thereafter, just long
enough to mature canadensis. From that time until late October the bogs are
dry, and when they are flooded canadensis adults have disappeared. The eggs
must, therefore, have been laid on the bogs when they were dry, to account for
the swarms of larvae found in early May. It should be noted that these bogs are
closely surrounded by woodland.

" I have never found the larva in open swamps or in pools far from the edge
of a wood, but it was present once in a pool with cantator at the edge of the
Shrewsbury meadow.

" Though the larvae may be found in all sorts of pools, they are commonly of
clean water. Woodland springs nearly always have some of them, and the pools
in which they are most plentiful are those formed by melted snows and early
spring rains over a bed of dead leaves in a depression or choked stream bed near
the edge of the woodland, or in a small clearing. I have never found them in
really foul water."

We can add to the observations of Prof. Smith that we have repeatedly found
the larva? in temporary pools in open meadows or pastures, early in the spring,
in New England. In the southern part of its range the species is less common
and larval development depends upon the formation of temporary pools by
heavy rains.

North America, east of the Plains ; westward in Canada to the Rocky Moun-
tains.

Kaslo, British Columbia, June 3, 1903 (H. G. Dyar) ; Oxbow. Saskatchewan,
June 13, 1906 (F. Knab) ; Bigfork, Montana, August 20 (Edith Bicker) ;
White River, Ontario, June 25, 1907 (F. Knab) ; Ottawa, Ontario, May 8 (J.
Fletcher) ; Younghall, New Brunswick, July 2, 1908 (A. Gibson) ; St. John,
New Brunswick, August 10, 1900 (W. Mcintosh) ; Center Harbor, New Hamp-
shire, May 16, 1902 (H. G. Dyar) ; White Mountains, New Hampshire (H. K.
Morrison) ; Dublin, New Hampshire, May, June, 1909 (A. Busck) ; Caribou,
Maine, August 17, 1906 (E. M. Patch) ; Lincolnville, Maine, August, 1908
(H. G. Dyar) ; Ithaca, New York, May 4, 1903 (O. A. Johannsen) ; Spring-
field, Massachusetts, May 15, September 1, 1903 (F. Knab) ; Westfield, Massa-
chusetts, July 30, August 23, 1903 (F. Knab) ; Cummington, Massachusetts,
May 30, 1903 (F. Knab) ; Tupper Lake, New York, September 7, 1906 (H. G.
Dyar) ; Suffield, Connecticut, May 20, 1903 (F. Knab) ; Shenks Ferry, Pennsyl-
vania, October 14, 1901 (S. E. Weber) ; Bladensburg, Maryland, June 17, 1903
(F. C. Pratt) ; Lloyds, Maryland, July 10, 1907 (H. S. Barber) ; Plummers
Island, Maryland, May 20, 1903 (W. V. Warner) ; Woodstock, Virginia, June 2,
1903 (F. C. Pratt) ; Glen Carlyn, Virginia (H. G. Dyar) ; Mount Vernon, Vir-
ginia, April 29, 1903 (W. V. Warner) ; Richmond, Virginia, September 26,
1901 (E. G. Williams) ; Hartsville, South Carolina, June 25, 1901 (W. C.
Coker) ; Corbin, Kentucky, August 24, 1903 (H. S. Barber) ; Scott, Lonoke
County, Arkansas, April 28, 1909 (J. K. Thibault, jr.) ; Magnolia Springs,
Florida, March 3, 1905 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Jacksonville, Florida, March 2,
1905 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Green Cove Springs, Florida, March 4, 1905 (A. N.
Caudell) ; Orange City Junction, Florida, March 20, 1905 (Dyar and Caudell).

654

MOSQUITOES OF XORTH AMERICA

Coquillett described Culex nivitarsis from two specimens and none have been
since collected. Dr. C. S. Ludlow suggested to us that these specimens were only
aberrations of A. canadensis , and we have adopted this view. We have
examined the types (one male and one female in the collection of Dr. John B.
Smith) and find the markings of the legs dissimilar on the two sides. The larvae
of the two forms are indistinguishable. The following is a detailed description
of nivitarsis, drawn up from the type specimens.

Female. — Proboscis rather long, cylindrical, uniform, tip scarcely widened,
labellae conically tapered ; vestiture black ; setae very small, curved. Palpi short,
stout, about one-fifth the length of the proboscis; vestiture of bluish-black
scales, the apices white-scaled and with rather short black seta?. Antennas with
joints subequal, black, rugose, pilose, the second joint a little longer and pale
at extreme base; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, deep
yellowish, with a patch of small black seta? on inner side ; hairs of whorls sparse,
moderate, black. Clypeus shortly conical, prominent, nude, blackish. Occiput
brown, densely clothed with narrow curved scales on vertex, flat ones on sides ;
scales pale yellow dorsally, white on the sides, some blackish ones intermixed
subdorsally ; margin of eyes silvery-white scaled ; many erect, forked, pale scales
on the nape; seta? along margins of eyes coarse, black.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with scales colored like
those on vertex of head, and with numerous pale bristles. Mesonotum brown,
vestiture of small, narrow, curved scales, golden brown dorsally, pale golden
along anterior and lateral margins and around antescutellar space ; bristles mod-
erate, black, numerous above roots of wings. Scutellum trilobate, gray, clothed
with pale-golden scales, each lobe with a group of brownish bristles. Postnotum
elliptical, prominent, brownish luteous, nude. Pleurae and coxae luteous, clothed
with flat white scales and short pale bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, posteriorly tapering; dorsal vestiture of
black scales with a slight greenish or coppery reflection, a narrow band of dull-
white scales widening laterally at base of each segment; first segment with a
patch of black scales in the middle, a few white ones on each side, and with many
fine pale hairs ; venter entirely whitish scaled except for triangular black patches
on posterior lateral margins of posterior segments; the white of venter and
lateral spots has a silvery sheen; cerci black; setae fine, moderately abundant.

Wings rather broad, hyaline, faintly smoky ; petiole of second marginal cell
about two-thirds as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its
cell ; posterior cross- vein distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein ;
vestiture of veins entirely black, outstanding scales on apical portion of wing
dense, narrowly ligulate. Halteres whitish, with a slightly darker knob.

Legs rather slender; femora largely pale beneath, above a few black scales
with silvery sheen; tibiae largely white, clothed with black scales along outer
edge ; tarsi all covered with a silvery sheen that renders the markings obscure,
irregularly marked, as follows: right and left fore tarsi practically alike, the
first and second joints black with white rings at base and apex of each, third
joint narrowly white at base, the last two joints black with a slight whitish sheen
at incisures ; on right mid tarsus the first joint is all white, the second with a
black ring towards base, the third narrowly white at base, the fourth and fifth
black ; the left mid tarsus has the first joint with a black ring at middle, the
second and third black with white rings at base and apex, the fourth and fifth
joints white ; hind right tarsus white, the second, third, and fourth joints with
black median rings, the ring of second joint faint; the left hind tarsus is broken,
only the first joint remaining. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

AEDES NIGROMACULIS

655

Male. — Palpi exceeding the proboscis by nearly the length of the last joint,
last two joints slightly enlarged ; vestiture brownish-black, a broad white ring at
middle of long joint and small spots at bases of last two; end of long joint, and
the last two joints with long black hairs. Antennae plumose, the last two joints
long and setose, the others short, the thickened rings at insertions of hair-whorls
black, the rest pale; hairs long and black. Coloration similar to the female.
Abdomen densely hairy laterally, the basal white bands very broad. Eight and
left fore tarsi alike, black with narrow white rings at base and apex of first joint
and base of second ; right mid tarsus black with white rings at base and apex of
first and second joints; left mid tarsus without white ring at apex of second
joint; right hind tarsus white, a black band in the middle of second and third
joints, the last two missing ; left hind tarsus with a black spot on second joint,
the last three missing. Wings narrower than in the female, the stems of the
fork-cells longer, the vestiture sparse.

Aedes canadensis is a widely distributed species in North America, but appar-
ently has no European representative.

AEDES NIGROMACULIS (Ludlow).

Grabhamia nigromaculis Ludlow, Geo. Washington Univ. Bull., v, 85, 1907.
Grabhamia grisea Ludlow, Can. Ent, xxxix, 130, 1907.

Grabhamia sollicitans Theobald (in part, not Walker), Mon. Culic, iv, 291, 1907.
Grabhamia grisea Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 287, 1910.
Grabhamia nigromaculis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 289, 1910.

Original Description of Grabhamia nigromaculis:

5. Head very dark brown, almost black, covered with ochraceous broad curved
scales on the vertex and occiput, a triangular spot of slender golden brown curved
scales immediately laterad, followed by flat, white, then brown, lateral scales and
light scales towards the ventral surface; white bristles and very slender, long scales
projecting forward between the eyes, a heavy bunch of pale forked scales in the
nape; antennae dark brown, verticels very dark brown and sparse, pubescence
white, basal joint very dark brown with flat scales; palpi very dark brown; proboscis
very dark brown with a tiny white spot (sometimes an indistinct white band) on
the apical part of the proximal third of its length, a few white scales at the base, apex
dark; eyes dark blue, red iridescence; clypeus very dark.

Thorax almost black; prothoracic lobes covered with long rather slender spatulate
white scales and light bristles; mesothorax with a median third of slender curved
golden brown scales, pale on the curved half, and the outer thirds with rather
broader pale ochraceous scales; a bunch of pale bristles over the wing joint and a
few dark ones near the "bare space; " scutellum very dark (black) with pale
ochraceous slender curved scales and pale bristles; pleura very dark brown with
white spindle shaped and long flat scales, and pale bristles; metanotum very dark
brown.

Abdomen very dark, covered with very dark brown, practically black, and pale
ochraceous scales, i. c, pale basal and very narrow apical bands, a median ochraceous
stripe on most of the segments, white lateral spots and a few pale scales scattered
in the dark submedian spots; the dark spots on the apical segments are much re-
duced so that these segments are mostly pale scaled. Venter mostly pale scaled.

Legs: Coxae and trochanters dark, covered mostly with white scales, a few very
dark ones and some dark bristles; femora ventrally light, dorsally speckled nearly
evenly black and white, light towards the base, and almost black just proximal to
the tiny apical light spot which very slightly includes both sides of the joint; tibiae
much as femora, more distinctly dark towards the apex; metatarsi speckled, darker
than the tibiae, and having a basal white band, very narrow in the fore leg; all the
tarsal joints are dark and in the fore and mid legs the first and second tarsal joints
have tiny basal white spots; in the hind legs all the tarsal joints are basally white
banded, the band on the fourth joint very narrow. Ungues large and equal, both
uniserrate.

Wings ctear with dark brown and white scales, speckled; the ventral scales all
white. First, submarginal cell a little longer than, and about half the width of the
second posterior cell; mid and supernumerary cross veins meet and are about equal,

656

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

posterior cross vein about the same length as, and its own length distant from mid.
Halteres with light stem and dark knob.
Length. 8-8.5 mm.

Habitat. Fort Keogh, Montana, Fort Lincoln, N. D.
Taken. Fort Keogh, Sept. 1-8., July 12-27.

Original Description of Grabhamia gbisea :

(Female.) Head dark, covered with slender curved scales, light ochraceous on the
occiput, a triangular space of darker golden brown, scales just external, and
ochraceous flat scales on the sides, no fork scales; antennae brown, verticels brown,
pubescence light, basal joint brown, covered with flat ochraceous scales; palpi
entirely brown scaled; proboscis brown, a light band, narrow on the dorsal and wider
on the ventral aspect, at the apex of the proximal half; clypeus brown; eyes brown
and gold.

Thorax dark brown, prothoracic lobes with slender curved light brown scales;
mesonotum with slender curved scales, a distinct bare (dark) median line, im-
mediately laterad of which on either side is a broad stripe of bright brown scales,
then a light golden brown or ochraceous stripe extending cephalad from the scu-
tellum to nape, external to these on the caudad half are the darker brown scales, and
the lateral portion of the dorsum is covered with the lighter brown scales; scutellum
dark, with light brown or ochraceous scales, and long light bristles on the margin;
pleura ashy-brown, with white scales; metanotum dark brown.

Abdomen dark, heavily and closely covered by flat ochraceous scales; two tiny
dark submedian points not large enough to call spots, and yet very distinct, on all
the segments but the first, which has a large bunch of almost white scales and light
hairs; ventrally the abdomen is also covered with ochraceous scales, but not so
heavily as dorsally.

Legs: coxae and trochanters mostly light-scaled; femora dorsally sprinkled with
dark brown and ochraceous scales, darker toward the apex, but the very apex white;
ventrad, caudad and cephalad aspects ochraceous. Tibia? much like femora but
darker, and on the hind legs have a distinct dark apical band; metatarsi on fore
legs much like tibiae, and all the following joints missing; on mid legs also much
like tibiae; tarsal joints dark, the first and second with small ochraceous basal spots;
on the hind legs the metatarsi are quite dark but still slightly sprinkled with light
scales, and it and all the tarsal joints except the fourth are heavily basally white-
banded, the fourth dark; all ungues uniserrate.

Wings clear, mostly dark-scaled, especially near the costa, the sixth long vein
mostly dark, first submarginal a little longer and about half the width of the second
posterior cell, the stems in each case about two-thirds the length of the cell; cross-
veins nearly equal in length, the posterior about its own length distant from the
mid; halteres mostly light, a little darkened on the knobs.

Length, 5-6 mm.

Habitat, Boise Barracks, Idaho. Taken July.

This evidently lies near G. Fletcherii, but the abdominal marking is distinct, and
the specimens of Fletcherii which I have seen do not show a marked band on the
hind metatarsi, nor a white band on the proboscis.

Description of Female and Male of Aedes nigromaculis (Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis moderate, cylindrical, uniform, labellae conically tapered ;
vestiture black, with a narrow white ring at middle ; tips of the labellse whitish,
their setae minute, somewhat outstanding. Palpi short, stout, about one-fourth
as long as the proboscis, deep black, tips slightly whitish. Antennas moderate,
distal joints longer than basal ones, rugose, shining blackish, white pilose, the
proximal joints dull yellowish ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical ex-
cavation, blackish, with many broad, flat whitish scales; hairs of the whorls
sparse, very short, black. Clypeus prominent, broadly conical, dull black,
slightly pruinose. Eyes black. Occiput black, broadly clothed with coarse,
very narrow curved scales on the vertex, flat ones on lower parts of sides ; scales
yellowish white, a large brownish patch in middle of side ; many yellowish, erect
forked scales well back on the nape; bristles rather numerous, brown, those
projecting between eyes whitish.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote, black, with curved yellowish-white scales,
brown ones above, and blackish setae. Mesonotum black, clothed with narrow,
curved scales, pale brownish golden, a rather broad, deep golden brown median

AEDES NIGROMACULIS

657

stripe, on posterior half a narrow stripe each side of antescutellar space, humeral
angles broadly deep golden brown scaled, scales about antescutellar space paler.
Scutellum trilobate, blackish, clothed with narrow curved pale yellow scales, each
lobe with a group of rather fine pale bristles. Postnotum broadly elliptical,
prominent, black, nude. Pleurae and coxa? black, clothed with elliptical, flat,
white scales, the setae small and not abundant, mostly whitish.

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly, the last segment slender ; dor-
sum clothed with dull black and sordid white scales, the white scales form a
median stripe, a band at the base of each segment widening into lateral tri-
angular patches, and a narrow apical band ; upon the sides the white scales are
nearly continuous, only a few of the black ones reaching through to the apical
angles ; first segment with a large patch of flat white scales and with many pale
hairs; last segment almost wholly white; venter clothed with yellowish-white
scales, a few black ones intermixed.

Wings rather broad, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell slightly shorter
than its cell, that of second posterior cell about equal to its cell ; basal cross-vein
distant less than its own length from anterior cross-vein ; vestiture of black and
white scales, costa white scaled on basal fourth, then black to tip ; the subcostal
and first veins have the black and white scales about evenly intermixed, the other
veins are almost wholly black scaled, only a few white ones are visible on the
base of the fourth vein ; the outstanding scales on outer half of wing long and
rather broadly linear ; fringe blackish, unicolorous, appearing mottled black and
whitish according to direction of light. Halteres with whitish stems and black-
ish knobs.

Legs moderate; femora with yellowish-white and black scales evenly inter-
mixed, the black ones predominating just before tip, the apex narrowly white ;
tibiae with black and white scales, the tips black; hind tarsi black, each joint
with a broad basal pure white ring, the first with some white scales intermixed
on basal half, forming a broad, diffused whitish mark, last joint black with
white scales on basal half; front tarsi with last three joints unmarked ; mid tarsi
with last two unmarked. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis slender, straight, unicolorous. Palpi long, somewhat ex-
ceeding the proboscis ; tip of long joint and last two joints somewhat thickened
and clothed with long blackish hairs ; vestiture of dark-brown scales, the last
two joints with narrow white basal rings, the long joint with a white ring below
middle. Antenna? plumose, the last two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose,
black, the others short, whitish, thickened at insertions of hair-whorls; hairs
long, dense, brown. Coloration similar to the female. Abdomen elongate, de-
pressed, sides with long, abundant, pale ciliation. Wings narrower than in the
female, the stems of the fork-cells longer, the vestiture sparse. Claw formula,
2.1-2.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5.5 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 32, fig. 213) : Side-pieces three times as long as wide,
slender, uniform, rounded at tips ; basal lobe small, rounded, prominent, setose.
Clasp-filament slender, uniform, with a long terminal spine. Harpes elliptical,
concave, inner margin thickened, tip bent and pointed. Harpagones with a
rather short slender straight stem, and slender filament, about as long as stem.
Unci forming a cone, basally placed.

Life history and habits unknown.

Arid regions of west-central United States to Mexico.

Fort Keogh, Montana, September, 1906 (through C. S. Ludlow) ; Cascade,
Montana, July 25, 1907 (W. E. Britton) ; Bigtimber, Montana, August 25,
1908 (B. A. Cooley) ; Fort McKinley, Wyoming (through C. S. Ludlow) ;

658

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Boise, Idaho, August i, 1901 (C. B. Simpson) ; Boulder, Colorado, September
2, 1907 (S. A. Bohwer) ; Akron, Colorado, June 24, 1909 (H. L. Shantz) ;
Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico, August 7 (H. S. Barber) ; Cimarron,
New Mexico, September, 1909 (C. N. Ainslie) ; Piano, Texas, November (E. S.
Tucker) ; Hacienda Bio Piedras Verdes, altitude 7,300 feet, Sierra Madre,
Chihuahua, Mexico (C. H. T. Townsend).

It seems not improbable that this species is an inhabitant of alkaline pools.
Such places at least should be searched for the larvas. The species is obviously
allied to sollicitans and mitchellm.

Aides nigromaculis shows considerable variation in its coloration. The
ground-color of the mesonotum varies from brownish golden to sordid white,
while the dark brown markings vary in extent and intensity. The abdominal
coloration is similar to that of spencerii and curriei and varies in the same
manner, typical specimens showing a pair of subquadrate black patches on each
segment.

AEDES SOLLICITANS (Walker) Dyar & Knab.

Culex sollicitans Walker, Ins. Saund., 427, 1856.

Culex twniorhynchns Coquillett (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Circ. 40, 2d ser.,
7, 1900.

Culex solicitans Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 240, 1900.
Culex sollicitans Theobald, Mon. Culic., i, 368, 1901.
Culex sollicitans Howard, Mosq., 36, 1901.

Culex solicitans Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 398, 1902.

Culex sollicitans Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, x, 197, 1902.

Culex sollicitans Smith, Ent. News, xiii, 300, pi. xv, f. 4, 1902.

Culex sollicitans Smith, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 52, 1902.

Culex sollicitans Smith, Spec. Bull. T, N. J. Agr. Exp. Stat., July, 1902.

Culex sollicitans Smith, Science, n. s., xvi, 391, 1902.

Culex sollicitans Dyar, Science, n. s., xvi, 672, 1902.

Culex sollicitans Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 47, 1902.

Grabhamia sollicitans Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 247, 1903.

Culex sollicitans Johannsen, Bull. 68, N. Y. State Mus., 416, 1903.

Culex sollicitans Taylor, Rev. de Med. Trop., iv. 155, 1903.

Culex sollicitans Parker, Beyer & Pothier, Bull. 13, Yellow Fever Inst., U. S. Pub.

Health and Mar. Hosp. Serv., 37, 1903.
Culex sollicitans Smith, Psyche, x, 1, 1903.

Culex sollicitans Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 144, pi. ii, f. 15, 1903.
Culex sollicitans Smith, Rept. Ent. Dept., N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., 1902, 515, 1903.
Culex sollicitans Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Stat., Bull. 171, 17, 1904.
Culex sollicitans Pazos, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1904, 134, 1904.
Culex sollicitans Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 294, 1904.
Culicada sollicitans Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 3916, 1904.
Culex sollicitans Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xii, 174, 1904.
Culex sollicitans Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Stat., Rept. Mosq., 198, 1905.
Culex sollicitans Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 295, 1905.
Grabhamia sollicitans Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 396, 1905.
Grabhamia sollicitans Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 48, 1905.
Culex sollicitans Britton & Viereck, Rept. Conn. Agr. Exp. Stat., 1904, 268, 272, 274,
1905.

Grabhamia sollicitans Herrick, Ent. News, xvi, 283, 1905.

Culex sollicitans Coffin, in Shattuck, The Bahama Ids., 287, 1905.

Culicada sollicitans Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 477, 1905.

Grabhamia sollicitans Theobald, Mosq. or Culic. Jamaica, 32, 1905.

Aedes sollicitans Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 190, 197, 1906.

Ochlerotatus sollicitans Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 19, 1906.

Ochlerotatus sollicitans Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Circular 72, 5, 1906.

Grabhamia sollicitans Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, iv, 291, 1907.

Culex sollicitans Howard, Osier's Modern Medicine, i, 375, 1907.

Aedes sollicitans Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 216, 1907.

Culex (Ochlerotatus) sollicitans Viereck, 1st Ann. Rept. Comm. Health Pa., 468, 470,
1908.

Aedes sollicitans Pazos, San. y Ben., ii, 47, 319, 1909.

AEDES SOLLICITANS

659

Qrabhamia sollicitans Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 278, 1910.

Aedes sollicitans Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 717, 1910.

Culex sollicitans Felt, Bull. 136, N. Y. State Mus., 24, 1910.

Original Description of Culex sollicitans :

Foem. Nigra, cervino tomentosa; proboscis testacea, apice nigra; antennae basi
testaceae; thorax nigro bivittatus ; latera et pectus albida; abdomen maculis laterali-
bus nigris quadratis; pedes graciies, tarsis nigris albo cinctis; alae subcinereae,
venis testaceis nigro hirtis; halteres testacci apice fusci.

Black, with fawn-coloured tomentum. Proboscis long, slender, curved, testaceous,
black towards the tip. Antennae black, testaceous at the base. Thorax with two
black stripes; sides and pectus whitish. Abdomen with two lateral black quadrate
spots on each segment; the two apical segments with narrower spots. Legs slender;
tarsi black, with white bands. Wings grayish; veins testaceous, fringed with
minute black hairs. Halteres testaceous, with brown knobs. Length of the body 3
lines; of the wings 5 lines.

United States.

Description of Female, Male, Larva, and Egg of Aedes sollicitans:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, subcylindrical, uniform, labellae conically
tapered ; vestiture black with a broad white ring somewhat beyond the middle ;
setae minute, black, those on labellae more prominently outstanding. Palpi mod-
erately short, stout, over one-fourth as long as the proboscis ; vestiture black, the
extreme tips white ; setaa moderate, rather long, black. Antennae with the basal
joints somewhat shorter than the distal ones, rugose, pilose, blackish with minute
white tips ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, pale yellowish,
a small patch of white scales on inner side ; hairs of whorls sparse, rather short,
black. Clypeus prominent, conical, dark brown, nude. Eyes black. Occiput
dark brown, densely clothed with coarse, narrow curved scales which are dark
golden brown on the sides, brownish-yellow on the vertex, a number of short,
erect, forked pale scales on the nape, cheeks clothed with broad, flat white scales,
a small patch of dark ones well up the sides on ocular margin ; bristles border-
ing eyes few, black, a dense tuft of pale ones projecting between the eyes.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with golden-brown scales
above, white ones below, and coarse black bristles. Mesonotum black, densely
clothed with golden-brown scales; a pair of narrow, lighter, more yellowish
longitudinal stripes, and the scales of this lighter color in the antescutellar
region ; broad stripes of deep brown scales on humeral angles ; bristles rather
short, blackish. Scutellum trilobate, gray, clothed with pale ochraceous scales,
each lobe with a group of pale bristles. Postnotum shortly conical, prominent,
brown with irregular black streaks, nude. Pleura? and coxae brown, clothed with
elliptical, flat, pure white scales and rather numerous short bristles, which are
pale on pleurae but blackish on anterior coxae.

Abdomen subcylindrical, posterior segments tapering ; dorsal vestiture of flat
black scales, a broad median stripe of pale yellowish grey ones, each segment
with a broad transverse basal band of the same color and a very narrow apical
one, along the sides a row of median segmentary pure white patches, larger pos-
teriorly ; first segment with a large patch of pale grey scales and with many fine
pale hairs ; venter clothed with black and white scales, the white predominating,
the black forming a diffused median line. Cerci black.

Wings moderately broad, slightly infuscated ; petiole of second marginal cell
shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell also shorter but less markedly
so; basal cross- vein about its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales rather
broad, black and white evenly intermixed, the black predominating, especially
on costal £dge ; outstanding scales along second and third veins and along the
ends of all the veins broadly linear, black ; fringe unicolorous, dusky. Halteres
entirely pale.

660

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Legs moderate; femora clothed with pale yellowish grey scales intermixed
with a few black ones which predominate dorsally, a few pure white ones on
under side, extreme tips white ; tibia? with pale yellowish grey and black scales
intermixed, the pale ones predominating on inner side, a broad black apical
ring and a very narrow white basal spot, the stout erect setae dark brown ; tarsi
black, each joint of hind tarsi with a very broad, pure white basal ring, the first
joint also with a broad median area of pale yellowish grey scales, last joint
entirely white ; front and mid tarsi with the first three joints white marked at
base, a sprinkling of yellowish grey scales at middle of first joints, last two
joints of front tarsi black, last joint of mid tarsi nearly wholly white. Claw
formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, long and slender. Palpi exceeding the proboscis
by nearly the length of the last joint, last two joints decidedly inflated ; vestiture
of black scales, a narrow white ring near middle of long joint and at bases of
last two joints; end of long joint and last two joints with long dense hairs,
black on end of long joint, largely pale yellow on terminal joints. Antennae
plumose, the last two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose, the others short,
dull luteous, with a very narrow black ring at bases of hair-whorls; hairs of
whorls long, brownish-black. Coloration similar to the female, the proboscis
without white ring. Wings narrower than in the female, stems of the fork-cells
longer but not as long as the cells; vestiture sparse. Abdomen elongate, de-
pressed, with dense long pale yellow lateral ciliation. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Genitalia (plate 31, fig. 211) : Side-pieces over twice as long as broad, apical
lobes absent, basal lobe small, conical, densely setose. Clasp-filament long and
slender, slightly swollen before middle, with a long, articulated terminal spine.
Harpes flat, concave, inner margin thickened and revolute, tip forming a small
outcurved point. Harpagones with a slender, columnar stem nearly as long as
harpes and a long slender ligulate articulated filament at apex. Unci approxi-
mate, obscure, forming a short, rounded-tipped cylinder. Basal appendages
rudimentary, bearing a few short setae.

Larva, Stage IV (see figure of entire larva, plate 62). — Head rounded, promi-
nent on the sides, narrowed before eyes, front margin arcuate. Antennae small,
subcylindrical, sparsely spined; tuft short and of few hairs, before middle;
one longer and three shorter spines at tip and a stout digit on a pedestal. Eyes
large, transverse, pointed. Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single, rather long;
ante-antennal tuft multiple, short. Mental plate triangular, wide, apical tooth
stout, with eleven teeth on each side about alike. Mandible quadrangular, the
tip pointed ; two filaments before the collar with a row of cilia outwardly ; eight
filaments and three plumose hairs on outer edge; a lump and several oblique
teeth before dentition, which is of four teeth scarcely raised, the first the largest,
a broad filament and three feathered hairs within ; process below furcate, with
hair-patches; some hair within basal angle; six stout hairs at base. Maxilla
hemispherical, divided by a suture ; both halves irregularly and sparsely haired,
a tuft of hairs at tip ; outer half with two filaments toward the suture ; palpus
constricted centrally, with four terminal digits, of which one is rather long.
Thorax rounded, wider than long, robust; hairs abundant, short, subdorsal pro-
thoracic ones single. Abdomen rather stout, posterior segments more elongate ;
hairs short, the lateral ones multiple on first two segments, double on third to
sixth ; secondary hairs short. Tracheal tubes broad, band-shaped, slightly con-
stricted in the segmental incisures. Air-tube stout, tapered outwardly, twice as
long as wide ; pecten reaching over halfway, the teeth evenly and closely set ;
single tooth a long spine with wide base and three rounded branches ; a tuft at

AEDES SOLLICITANS

661

outer third of tube beyond pecten. Lateral comb of eighth segment of few scales
in a small triangular patch ; single scale elliptical, with a long stout spinule at
tip, the sides fringed with shorter ones. Anal segment not as long as wide, ringed
by the plate ; dorsal tuft a brush and hair on either side ; a single lateral hair ;
ventral brush well developed, of short tufts, posteriorly situated, confined to
barred area, Anal gills very short, bud-shaped.

Egg (plate 146, fig. 679). — Fusiform, slightly flattened on one side, the ends
roundedly pointed ; a gelatinous cushion at micropyle ; sculpture roundedly
quadrangular or subhexagonal, the transverse angles slightly pointed.

The eggs are laid on the ground in the salt-marshes, in depressions that are
filled by the high tides. Often such places are behind a sand barrier that is
overwashed only at the highest tides or in a storm. Occasionally the pools may
be filled by rain water. In either case the eggs hatch and the larvae develop.
Professor Smith states that the larvae will develop in water 25 per cent more salt
than ordinary sea water. The larva? occur in those pools nearest the sea that are
isolated and therefore more or less free from enemies. There are a series of
broods during warm weather, determined by the conditions which cause the eggs
to hatch and permit the larvae to develop. The females fly for considerable dis-
tances inland and are persistent and troublesome biters. Professor Smith has
studied the species in New J ersey and says :

"When the eggs become covered with water by rains or by the tides the
larvae develop and emerge, often within a period of minutes rather than hours.
They thrive equally well in salt water or in fresh water and develop most
rapidly where the food supply is most abundant. I have never found this species
breeding elsewhere than on the marsh or at its very borders, in the salt hay zone
along shore which cannot exactly be called marsh. It is always a shore or marsh
mosquito and every little hole on the marsh may breed it. A week is all that
is necessary to bring the larva to maturity, and the pupal stage is short or long,
according to temperature.

" At Anglesea young larvae were taken by Mr. Dickerson as early as March
5th, though development at that period is slow. March 12th larvae were more
abundant and evidently developing generally. At that time Mr. Dickerson
tested the temperature of the water in which larvae occurred and found that it
ranged from 42 degrees to 50 degrees Fahrenheit. At this temperature micro-
scopic life multiplies slowly and the wriggler food supply is limited; therefore
this first brood of larvae dawdles along for a month before adults are ready to
emerge. Breeding continues until early October ; but after that few eggs remain
to be developed, except for the spring following. If the wriggler succeeds in
reaching the pupal stage before a pool dries up it is usually safe, for the pupa
will live twenty-four hours in soft mud and develop as an adult ; indeed not more
than twelve hours is really needed, because I have had mosquitoes emerge within
that period. Larvae more than half grown will survive in soft mud a few hours,
and if the pool is then refilled by rain or tide will revive and complete their
transformations."

The females leave the marshes in search of food, after having mated, and have
been known to travel inland as far as 40 miles. Concerning these flights of this
species, and of Aedes tceniorhynehus and cantator, which occur more or less in
association, Professor Smith says:

" Prior to 1902 the belief was that only in isolated instances, under excep-
tional conditions, did mosquitoes fly more than a short distance from the place
where they became adult, Their radius of flight was expressed sometimes in
feet, more rarely in yards, and almost never in fractions of a mile. Based upon

662

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

that belief was the conclusion that mosquito control was purely a local matter
and that almost any community could rid itself of trouble no matter what the
surroundings might be; provided, of course, they were a reasonable distance
away. No one fact in mosquito history impressed itself quite so firmly upon the
mind of the public that looked into the matter at all, and the result was, in
New Jersey, a series of local efforts in the most progressive communities. These
communities did not take kindly to the suggestion when first made, that the
bulk of their mosquito supply was not a local product, and some of them con-
tinued their hopeless task until the overwhelming swarms of 1903 and early
1904 seemed to prove all their previous efforts worthless and made them a
laughing stock.

" Yet the very earliest systematic collections demonstrated that certain species
might be present in overwhelming numbers where no trace of their larva? could
be found. Culex sollicitans was the species that first attracted attention, partly
because in my cranberry investigations in the pine regions it swarmed so numer-
ously; partly because it was that year also the dominant species at New Bruns-
wick. I have elsewhere spoken of my efforts to obtain eggs and larva? of this
species and my failure to find them inland, while at the shore every pool
swarmed with them. My first shore collections were made at Anglesea, where
sollicitans was at that time the dominant species. For that reason I did not
find cantator and believed sollicitans the sole migrant. In 1902 Mr. Brehme
took the field, Mr. Dickerson was detailed as opportunity served, and I devoted
all available time to the same end. Never were marshes more thoroughly
explored, and the result was that instead of one, we found four species breeding
on them. Furthermore, we failed absolutely to find any of these larva? anywhere
on the upland, though we found plenty of others. Except for Culex salinarius,
the adults from these marsh wrigglers were found miles inland, infernal nui-
sances, where locals were almost or entirely absent.

" In 1903, with additional funds, I had six men in the field and the voluntary
assistance of Mr. Brakeley. Dr. Julius Nelson, Professor of Biology, engaged in
oyster work along the shore, was also good enough to make certain observations
for me, and the result was a complete demonstration of the migratory habits of
Culex sollicitans, C. cantator and C. tceniorhynchus. The observations made
during the early season of 1904, with fuller knowledge of the factors, were
equally conclusive. The development of the broods on the Newark and Baritan
marshes was watched almost from day to day. Before the larva? matured, care-
ful search was made for several miles back and along the first ridge of the Orange
Mountains to make certain of what was developing there. The appearance of
the adults was noted on the meadows, before a single specimen was seen in
Newark. They were watched for a day or two slowly advancing until, a favor-
able night happening, the ever-increasing swarms arose and next morning had
settled along the first ridge of the mountains. The second brood, maturing dur-
ing the last days of June, was watched in the same way, and the early days of
July, 1903, brought inland the greatest swarm of mosquitoes I have ever seen.
They reached New Brunswick July 2d, and included the three species, sollici-
tans, cantator and tceniorhynchus. Meanwhile, Mr. Viereck was observing at
Cape May, and watched the peninsula filling with sollicitans bred at the shore ;
not a larva of which he could find where the adults swarmed. He noted that after
a continuous south wind the marshes became practically free from mosquitoes,
and he noted further that a few days later blood-filled specimens with develop-
ing or developed ovaries returned to them from the upland. This seemed to him
in the nature of a return migration for oviposition as all specimens were worn
and battered.

AEDES SOLLICITANS

663

" From the Newark Marshes — using that term generally to include also all
that section within the corporate limits of Elizabeth — the insects were traced to
the second ridge of the Orange Mountains, to Paterson, to Morristown, and to
Summit, in gradually decreasing numbers.

" From the Raritan Marshes they were traced along the river to Bound
Brook, to Somerville, to Dunellen and to Plainfield. Just how far inland this
swarm penetrated I do not know.

" Meanwhile Dr. Nelson was observing along the shores of Great Bay and the
mouth of the Mullica River, finding little mosquito trouble on the marsh until
July 12th. On or about that day an extra high tide came over it, and on the 13th
minute wrigglers were in every water-filled hole. Cold, wet weather retarded
development, but on the 21st males were out in clouds and everything was in
the pupal stage. On the morning of the 22d the females were out, but would not
bite. On the evening of the 23d it was warm, with only a slight breeze, and the
Doctor was brought from his hut by a peculiar humming noise which seemed to
fill the air. He located its source at last between sixteen and twenty feet high
above the marsh, where regular clouds of mosquitoes were hovering in their
marriage flight. On the 24th few males were seen, but the females were in
droves and as bloodthirsty as butchers. Then came cold west and north winds
that kept the insects low down among the grass. On the 28th the wind veered
to the south and continued all that night and all day on the 29th. On the morn-
ing of the 29th the number of mosquitoes on the marsh had diminished mate-
rially, and this was yet more decidedly marked on the morning of the 30th, when
they were quite bearable. But in the woods where on the 20th there had been few
mosquitoes they were worse on the 31st, when the Doctor came out to Tuckerton,
than they were on the marsh itself.

"Just after receiving this account from Dr. Nelson, I received a note from
Mr. Brakeley, giving in detail a record of the arrival of Culex sollicitans in the
pines, during the nights of July 28th and 29th, increasing during the successive
nights to August 1st, when they were distributed everywhere in great numbers.
Previously there had been practically none of this species, and the observed
departure on the 28th and 29th from the marshes and the arrivals in great
swarms over thirty miles away on the days immediately following, leaves no
question as to the connection between the two. That the species could have bred
locally is out of question, because the larval status of the pine region was
thoroughly known.

" In the Spring of 1904 weather conditions were unusually favorable for the
development of a heavy brood of cantator along the entire coast north of the
Great Bay. As early as March the larva? were found everywhere, and on the
Shrewsbury River marshes it was a race between the ditchers and the insect as
to which should win out. A few cold days retarded the insects and gave the
workers the chance of finishing the ditches that ran off full grown larvae and
pupae by the millions into the maws of hungry ' killies ' that followed hard after
the spades. The result was, no first brood on these meadows and the consequent
exemption from mosquito attack of the entire surrounding territory !

" On the Newark marshes the brood developed and early in May spread
inland, covering a territory even greater than the broods of 1903, for now they
were traced into the mountains north of Paterson and directly west to Bernards-
ville, where in ordinary seasons mosquitoes are practically unknown.

" The Raritan River brood reached New Brunswick May 12th and the nights
immediately following, and extended along the valley to Somerville, following
essentially the same track as in 1903.

"At Lahaway the first arrivals were noted May 17th, and by the 24th the
Pines were filled with them.

664

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

" For some reason no sollicitans developed on the Newark marshes up to the
middle of July and not a specimen was seen or sent in by any correspondent
from the towns where cantator swarmed. On the Earitan meadows one section
developed a small brood in June, and this sent a few specimens to New Bruns-
wick a few days thereafter.

" South of Barnegat Bay sollicitans equaled cantator, but developed a little
later, so that the first arrival reached Lahaway May 23d, and after a day of
steady south wind and high temperature the morning of the 29th found them
present in force."

The males have been observed by Professor Smith to visit the flowers of wild
cherry in numbers and Dr. C. B. Ely has taken the females at sugar-bait when
collecting moths.

Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of North America, Bahamas, Cuba and Jamaica.

Lincolnville, Maine, August, 1908 (H. G. Dyar) ; Maine, August (C. V.
Riley) ; Durham, New Hampshire, August 8 (H. G. Dyar) ; North Saugus,
Massachusetts, July 2, 1906 (E. S. G. Titus) ; Fort Banks, Massachusetts, July
13, 1906 (through C. S. Ludlow) ; Beverly, Massachusetts, September 15,
1871 ; East Providence, Bhode Island, August, 1903 (F. C. Pratt) ; Weekapaug,
Bhode Island, July 20, August, 1904 (H. G. Dyar); Newark, New Jersey,
October 11, 1902 (H. H. Brehme) ; Cape May, New Jersey, April 20, 1903;
Elizabeth, New Jersey, May 28, 1906 (D. S. Carmody) ; Ocean City, New
Jersey, August, 1901 (J. Kotinsky) ; Center Island, New York, May 23, 1901
(H. C. Weeks) ; Cold Spring Harbor, New York, July 17, 1901; Sag Harbor,
New York, July 7, 1903 (C. E. Wells) ; Bellport, New York, August, 1901
(H. G. Dyar) ; Sheepshead Bay, New York, June, 1903 ; Northport, New York,
July 7, 1903 (J. P. Heyen) ; Center Moriches, New York, September 3, 1903
(P. Fowler) ;. Brentwood, New York (A. D. Hopkins) ; Lloyd's Neck, New
York, October 7, 1900 (W. J. Matheson) ; East River, Connecticut, July 21,
1908, at sugar (C. R. Ely) ; Chesapeake Beach, Maryland, May 11 (H. S.'Bar-
ber) ; Piney Point, Maryland, June 19, 1904 (T. Pergande) ; St. George's
Island, Maryland (T. Pergande) ; Ocean City, Maryland, September 16, 1913
(H. G. Dyar) ; Cedar Island and Paramore's Island, Virginia, July 15, 1914
(H. G. Dyar) ; Virginia Beach, Virginia, September 20, 1911 (H. G. Dyar) ;
McClellansville, South Carolina, October 11, 1906; Fort De Soto, Florida
(through C. S. Ludlow) ; Palm Beach, Florida, March 14, 1905 (H. G. Dyar) ;
New Smyrna, Florida, March 21, 1905 (H. G. Dyar) ; Ocean Springs, Missis-
sippi, November 22, 1902 (G. W. Herrick) ; Natchez, Mississippi, April, 1903
(A. Fleming) ; Mississippi River Quarantine Station (E. Souchon) ; Como,
Franklin Parish, Louisiana, August 20, 1901 (G. E. Beyer) ; Johnson's
Bayou, Louisiana, July 26, 1906 (J. D. Mitchell) ; Olivier, Louisiana, 1904
(E. S. G. Titus) ; New Iberia, Louisiana, October 15, 1904 (E. S. G. Titus) ;
Corpus Christi, Texas, March 22, 1905 (W. E. Hinds) ; Galveston, Texas,
April 16, 1905 (J. C. Crawford) ; Sand Point, Matagorda Bay, Texas, July
30, 1901 (J. D. Mitchell) ; Calhoun County, Texas, October, 1901 (J. D.
Mitchell) ; Buna, Texas, November 14, 1902 (A. D. Hopkins) ; Victoria, Texas.
June 13, 1904 (E. G. Hinds) ; Green Cay, Bahamas, June 29, 1903 (T. H.
Coffin) ; Rum Cay, Bahamas, 1903 (T. H. Coffin) ; Havana, Cuba, December,
1903 (J. R. Taylor) ; Guanimar, Cuba (J. H. Pazos) ; Batabano, Cuba (J. H.
Pazos). Reported also from Vera Cruz, Mexico (Parker, Beyer and Pothier),
Isle of Pines (Pazos) and Jamaica (Theobald).

Theobald records Aides sollicitans from the island of Formosa, but we feel
sure that this is an error. He records it also from North Dakota and other

AEDES MITCHELL2E

665

interior points in North America, but these are doubtless errors of identification,
the real species in question being Aedes nigromaculis.

There is some range of variation in tbe vestiture-coloration characters of the
imago, although by no means in so marked a degree as with the species of the
curriei group. The ornamentation of the mesonotum may be distinct or nearly
obsolete and varies in extent. The amount of light scaling on the abdominal
segments varies, particularly with reference to the median longitudinal stripe ;
this is well defined in typical specimens and quadrately expanded in the middle
of each segment ; in others the median stripe is narrow and ill defined while in
still others it is interrupted, producing a series of median segmental spots.

AEDES MITCHELLS (Dyar) Dyar & Knab.

Culex mitchellce Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiii, 74, 1905.
Orabhamia mitchellce Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiii, 185, 1905.
Aedes mitchellce Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 190, 197, 1906.
Ochlerotatus mitchellce Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 19, 1906.
Ochlerotatus mitchellce Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circular 72, 5, 1906.

Original Description of Culex mitchellje:

This form was collected by me in southern Georgia and Florida in temporary
pools of fresh water. The adult resembles sollicitans, but the wing scales are wholly
black, the first tarsal joint is devoid of a light colored median band and the light
colored scales of the legs are pure white instead of yellow. Types, 61 specimens,
U. S. National Museum, type No. 8407; one J selected as tbe type is from Jacksonville,
Pla., the larvae in dirty recently dug holes along the railroad. Other localities are
Green Cove Springs in temporary pools in the pines, Magnolia Springs in pools in
swampy land, Kissimmee. in ditch, puddles and pools at the edge of swampy land,
Pokatee, Fla., in a hole with old tin cans and rotten wood, and in the pine barrens
of southern Georgia in a puddle by the railroad at a siding. The larva closely re-
sembles that of sollicitans, but the air tube is considerably longer, being fully three
times as long as wide, while the spines of the comb are unusually long and thorn-
shaped.

It gives me pleasure to name this species in honor of Miss Evelyn G. Mitchell.
Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes mitchellce :

Female. — Proboscis moderate, subcylindrical, uniform, the labellse conically
tapered ; vestiture black with a broad white ring somewhat beyond the middle ;
setae minute, black, those on the labellge more prominently outstanding. Palpi
moderate, about one-fourth as long as the proboscis, black scaled, the tips white ;
setae sparse, rather long, black. Antenna? with the basal joints somewhat shorter
than the distal ones, rugose, pilose, black ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped
apical excavation, brown, a few yellowish scales on inner side ; hairs of whorls
sparse, rather short, black. Clypeus elliptical, prominent, dark brown, nude.
Eyes black. Occiput dark brown, broadly clothed with coarse, narrow, curved
scales which are dark golden-brown on the sides, light creamy yellow on the
vertex, a number of short, erect, forked, pale scales on the nape ; cheeks clothed
with broad, flat, dull white scales, a large quadrate patch of black ones above at
eye-margin ; bristles bordering eyes few, black, a dense tuft of pale ones project-
ing between the eyes.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with pale golden brown
scales above, white ones below, and black bristles. Mesonotum blackish, densely
clothed with narrow rich golden brown scales, a very broad, lighter more yel-
lowish median stripe, bordered along its sides by narrow stripes of pale yellowish
scales, brightest and most distinct posteriorly, scales of this lighter color about
antescutellar space and in short stripes over roots of wings, broad stripes of
deep brown, scales along humeral angles ; bristles rather short, blackish. Scutel-
lum trilobate, brownish, clothed with pale ochraceous scales, each lobe with a
group of pale brown bristles. Postnotum shortly conical, prominent, brown
43

666

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

with irregular black streaks, nude. Pleurae and coxae brown, clothed with ellip-
tical, flat, pure white scales and rather numerous short bristles, which are pale
on the pleurae but blackish on the anterior coxae.

Abdomen subcylindrical, posterior segments tapering; dorsal vestiture of
black scales, a broad, irregular median stripe of sordid yellowish white ones, a
transverse band of the same color at base of each segment; along the sides a
row of median segmentary pure white patches, larger posteriorly ; in some speci-
mens the median stripe is represented by a series of quadrate segmental spots ;
first segment with a patch of yellowish white scales and with many fine pale
hairs; venter clothed with black and white scales, the white predominating,
the black forming a diffused median line. Cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell shorter than its
cell, that of second posterior cell also shorter but less markedly so ; basal cross-
vein about its own length distant from anterior cross- vein ; scales of veins black,
rather broad, a slight denser aggregation of scales at base of third vein and
furcation of second ; outstanding scales along second and third veins and along
ends of all the veins linear, black. Halteres entirely pale.

Legs rather slender; femora clothed with black and white scales, the black
ones predominating dorsally, extreme tips white ; tibiae with pure white and
black scales intermixed, the black predominating, a broad black apical ring and
a very narrow white basal spot, the stout erect setae dark brown; tarsi black,
each joint of hind tarsi with a broad white basal ring, the first joint also with
scattered white scales, the last entirely white ; fore and mid tarsi with the white
rings narrower, the last two joints entirely black. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, slender, the white ring narrow and before the
middle. Palpi exceeding the proboscis by nearly the length of the last joint,
last two joints decidedly inflated ; vestiture of black scales, a narrow white ring
in middle of long joint and at bases of last two joints ; end of long joint and
last two joints with long dense hairs, black on end of long joint, partly pale
yellow on terminal joints. Antennae plumose, the last two joints long and
slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others short, dull luteous, with a very narrow
black ring at bases of hair-whorls; hairs long, dense, brownish-black. Color-
ation similar to the female. Wings narrower than in the female, stems of the
fork-cells longer but not as long as the cells ; vestiture sparse. Abdomen elon-
gate, depressed, with dense, pale, long, lateral ciliation. Claw formula,
2.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Genitalia (plate 31, fig. 212) : Side-pieces over twice as long as broad, apical
lobes absent, basal lobe small, conical, densely setose. Clasp-filament long and
slender, slightly swollen toward middle, with a long articulated terminal spine.
Harpes flat, concave, inner margin thickened and revolute, tip forming a small
outcurved point. Harpagones with a slender columnar stem slightly longer
than harpes and a long slender ligulate articulated filament at apex. Unci
approximate, obscure, forming a short rounded-tipped cylinder. Basal append-
ages rudimentary, bearing a few short setae.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 117, fig. 404). — Head rounded, prominent on the
sides, narrowed before eyes, front margin arcuate. Antennae subcylindrical,
sparsely spined ; tuft rather short, slightly before the middle ; one long and three
shorter spines at tip and a digit on a pedestal. Eyes large, transverse, pointed.
Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single, ante-antennal tufts multiple. Mental
plate triangular, wide, with a stout apical tooth and eleven teeth on each side,
the apical ones crowded, the basal ones more pointed and remote, the last small

AEDES TJENIOBHYNCHTJS

667

and very remote. Mandible quadrangular, in outline an oblique parallelogram,
a rather large patch of spines at base; two filaments before tip from a distinct
notch ; an outer row of cilia from a collar ; eight filaments and three plumose
hairs on outer edge, rather close to collar; a long stout spine beyond; dentition
of four teeth on a process, first and third longer; a stout tooth before, a broad
filament within and a short furcate tooth at base; process below furcate, with
hair patches; five long hairs within; basal angle rounded; a row of long hairs
at base. Maxilla irregularly hemispherical, divided by an oblique suture ; inner
half covered with numerous thick short tufts at ends of stout papilla?; a tuft of
hair at tip; outer half with two filaments next the suture preceded by an oblique
band of hair; a stout spine on other side ; palpus short, slightly constricted cen-
trally, with four minute apical digits. Thorax rounded, wider than long, robust ;
hairs abundant, short, the subdorsal prothoracic ones single. Abdomen stout,
the posterior segments more elongate ; hairs short, the lateral hairs multiple on
first two segments, triple on third, double on fourth to sixth. Tracheal tubes
broad, band-shaped. Air-tube moderately stout, tapered outwardly, about three
and a half times as long as wide ; pecten reaching nearly halfway, the teeth
evenly and closely set, followed by a multiple hair-tuft; single tooth a long spine
with stout base, a single stout tooth and several small ones near base, the other
side with many small spinules. Lateral comb of eighth segment of about
eighteen scales in a triangular patch ; single scale elliptical, with a long stout
spinule at tip, the sides fringed with very short ones. Anal segment about as
long as wide, ringed by the plate; dorsal tuft a brush and hair on either side;
a single lateral hair; ventral brush well developed, confined to barred area, of
short tufts posteriorly situated. Anal gills rather short.

The larva? live in temporary ground-pools of fresh rain-water. The speci-
mens were all found early in spring, but it seems probable that there may be
later broods.

South-eastern United States.

Southern Georgia, March 2, 1905 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Jacksonville, Florida,
March 2, 1905 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Magnolia Springs, Florida, March 3, 1905
(Dyar and Caudell) ; Green Cove Springs, Florida., March 4, 1905 (A. N.
Caudell) ; Kiseimmee, Florida, March 19, 1905 (H. G. Dyar) ; Mobile, Ala-
bama, March, 1905 (G. Dimmock).

Aides mitchellce varies in coloration of the imago in a similar manner to
A. sollicitans. It much resembles this species and the dorsal stripe of the
abdomen is widened quadrately on the segments in the same way; this dorsal
stripe and the abdominal basal bands may be pale ocherous or they may be
nearly pure white, like the lateral spots.

AEDES TJENIORHYNCHUS (Wiedemann) Busck.

Culex twniorhynchus Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot., 43, 1821.

Culex damnosus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., iii, 11, 1823.

Culex twniorhynchus Robineau-Desvoidy, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, iii, 409, 1827.

Culex twniorhynchus Wiedemann, Aussereur. zweifl. Ins., i, 8, 1828.

Culex damnosus Say, Ent. of No. Amer., ii, 40, 1883.

Culex twniorhynchus Giles (in part), Gnats or Mosq., 245, 1900.

Culex twniorhynchus Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, i, 350, 1901.

Culex twniorhynchus Coquillett in Howard, Mosquitoes, 237, 1901.

Culex twniorhynchus Neveu-Lemaire, Arch. Parasit., vi, 8, 1902.

Theobaldia twniorhyncha Neveu-Lemaire, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, xv, 213, 1902.

Culex twniorhynchus Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 48. 1902.

Culex twniorhynchus Smith, Ent. News, xiii, 300, pi. xv, f. 5, 1902.

Culex twniorhynchus Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 397, 1902.

Culex twniorhynchus Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xi, 23, 1903.

Culex twniorhynchus Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, iii, 158, 1903.

Culex twniorhynchus Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 146, 1903.

668

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Culex twniorhynchus Johannsen, Bull. 68, N. Y. State Mus., 416, 1903.

Culex tceniorhynchus Smith, Rept. Ent. Dept., N. J. Exp. Sta., 1902, 529, 1903.

Culex twniorhynchus Parker, Beyer & Pothier, Bull. 13, Yellow Fever Inst., Publ.

Health & Mar. Hosp. Serv., 38, 1903.
Culex twniorhynchus Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Stat., Bull. 171, 21, 1904.
Culex twniorhynchus Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 301, 1904.
Culicelsa twniorhynchus Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 391b, 1904.
Culex twniorhynchus Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 73, 1904.
Culex twniorhynchus Ludlow, Can. Ent., xxxvi, 236, 301, 1904.
Culicelsa twniorhynchus Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 48, 1905.
Culex twniorhynchus Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Stat., Rept. Mosq., 216, 1905.
Culicelsa twniorhynchus Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 473, 1905.
Culex twniorhynchus Blanchard (in part), Les Moustiques, 291, 1905.
Theobaldinella twniorhynchus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 393, 1905.
Culex twniorhynchus Britton & Viereck, Rept. Conn. Agr. Exp. Stat., 1904, 270, 272,

274, 1905.

Aedes damnosus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 198, 1906.
Culex twniorhynchus Mitchell, Psyche, xiii, 11, 1906.

Ochlerotatus twniorhynchus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 19,
1906.

Ochlerotatus damnosus Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circular 72, 5, 1906.
Aedes damnosus Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxii, 127, 1907.
Culicelsa twniorhynchus Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 377, 1907.
Culex twniorhynchus Howard, Osier's Modern Medicine, i, 376, 1907.
Culex twniorhynchus Aiken, Brit. Guiana Med. Annual, 1906, 67, 69, 1907.
Aedes twniorhynchus Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., Hi, 63, 190S.
Culicelsa twniorhynchus Peryassfi, Os Culic. do Brazil, 46, 185, 1908.
Culicelsa twniorhynchus Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, v, 316, 1910.
Culex damnosus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 395, 1910.

Aedes twniorhynchus Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 717, 1910.
Original Description of Culex twniorhynchus :

Fuscus, fascia media proboscidis articulorumque tarsorum basi albis. Longit.
lin. 2y2. fern. Mexico.

Proboscis fusco-nigra, fascia lata alba. Antennae nigro-fuscae; palpi nigro-fusci
apice albi. Thorax nigro-fuscus, pleuris paulo dilutoribus. Abdomen nigro-fuscum,
incisuris albicantibus. Alae limpidae fusco-squamulosae. Femora flavicantia; tibiae
et tarsi nigro-fusca; horum singuli articuli basi albi. Mus. de Winthem et nostrum.

Original Description of Culex damnosus :
Rostrum and tarsi annulate with white.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.

Head above with rather long yellow-ferruginous hair; antennae pale-brownish;
rostrum blackish, with a broad white band on the middle; thorax black, with three
cinereous lines, and clothed with yellow-ferruginous short hair; scutel dull testa-
ceous; pleura grayish; feet pale, covered with blackish hair; joints of the tarsi, ex-
cepting the first, whitish at their bases; tergum brown, basal margins of the seg-
ments cinereous-whitish.

Length a quarter of an inch.

This is one of the most common and troublesome of our mosquettoes. It seems to
correspond in some degree with the cingulatus Fabr., although we must infer from
his description, that the posterior tarsi only are annulated. Wiedemann considers
the cingulatus as the male of his molestus, of which all the tarsi are annulated,
like those of our species. I feel however perfect confidence in the description of
Wiedemann, and therefore must consider our species distinct, inasmuch as the
thorax is not " lateribusque niveis;" and from the laudable accuracy of that author,
I cannot suppose that he would have overlooked the annulation of the proboscis,
which certainly exists in this species.

Description of Female, Male, Larva, and Egg of Aedes twniorhynchus:

Female. — Proboscis rather long, moderately slender, cylindrical, the labella?
conically tapered ; vestiture black with a white ring at middle ; setae minute,
black, those on labellse more prominently outstanding. Palpi short, rather
stout, about one-fifth the length of the proboscis, black scaled, the tips white ;
seta? moderate, black. Antennae with the distal joints longer than the basal ones,
rugose, black, pilose; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation,
brown, a patch of silvery scales on inner side ; hairs of whorls moderate, sparse,

AEDES T^NIORHYNCHUS

669

black. Clypeus elliptical, prominent, dark brown, nude. Eyes black. Occiput
dark brown, broadly clothed with narrow curved yellow-brown scales on the
vertex, the ocular margins narrowly white-scaled, cheeks clothed with broad
flat scales, mostly white, an oblique black patch above on ocular margin, numer-
ous upright, black, forked scales on the nape; bristles moderate, dark brown,
dense on vertex and projecting between eyes.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, dark brown, clothed with nar-
row, curved, bronzy-brown scales and black setae. Mesonotum dark brown,
thickly clothed on disk with narrow curved dark golden-brown scales, humeri
deep brown scaled, lighter, almost silvery scales over the roots of the wings and
about the antescutellar space ; bristles moderate, black ; in some specimens there
are present lighter golden brown maculations. Scutellum trilobate, brown,
clothed with brassy scales, like those around the antescutellar space, each lobe
with a group of brown setae. Postnotum conical, prominent, luteous brown,
nude. Pleura? dark brown, coxae luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat, white
scales and pale setae; anterior coxae mostly dark scaled.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, posterior segments tapering, the cerci
exserted ; dorsal vestiture of dull black scales, each segment with a narrow
basal band of sordid yellowish-white scales, a row of lateral, triangular, pure
white patches medianly at the sides of the segments, somewhat larger posteriorly,
the last two visible from a dorsal view; venter yellow and white scaled inter-
mixed with black scales, with subapical black bands, often interrupted at the
middle or obsolete. Cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; faintly infuscated ; petiole of second marginal cell
shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell nearly equal to its cell; basal
cross-vein about its own length distant from the anterior cross-vein ; scales of the
veins black, the outstanding ones broadly linear, a very slight thickening of the
scales at base of third vein. Halteres pale.

Legs moderately slender; femora pale beneath, black scaled above and at tip ;
knees white ; tibiae black, the stiff outstanding setae pale, under side pale-yellow-
ish scaled, a few spots of yellow scales on outer side ; tarsi black, first joint of fore
and middle legs with yellowish scales intermixed, each joint of hind tarsi with
a rather broad white basal ring, the last joint wholly white ; fore and middle
tarsi with the white rings narrow, the last two joints whollv black. Claw for-
mula, 1.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, long and slender, the white ring narrow and before
the middle. Palpi as long as the proboscis, the last two joints slightly enlarged,
a broad white ring before middle of long joint and narrower ones at hases of
last two joints ; end of long joint and the last two joints with long black hairs.
Antenna? plumose, the last two joints long and slender, pilose, rugose, black, the
others short, brownish, with a narrow black ring at the insertions of the hair-
whorls ; hairs long, dense, black with a brownish tint. Coloration similar to the
female. Wings narrower than in the female ; stems of fork-cells longer, vesti-
ture scanty. Abdomen elongate, depressed, the basal segmental white bands
broader than in the female, the lateral spots obsolete on all but the sixth and
seventh segments; sides with abundant, long, dull brownish ciliation. Claw
formula, 2.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Genitalia (plate 30, fig. 205) : Side-pieces more than twice as long as wide,
inner third divided by a slight groove, apical lobe absent, basal lobe small,
conically 'prominent, densely setose. Clasp-filament large, rather strongly
swollen medianly, with a long, terminal articulated spine. Harpes concave,
elliptical, inner margin thickened and revolute, apex produced into a short stout

670

MOSQUITOES OF XOETH AMERICA

point directed outward. Harpagones with a long columnar minutely setose
base, bearing a ligulate terminal filament -which tapers to the tip and bears a
short retrose hranch about the middle. Unci obscure, forming a short stout
basal cylinder. Basal appendages short, stout, with a number of setae.

Larva, Stage IV. — Head rounded, prominent on the sides, narrowed before
eyes, the front margin arcuate. Antennas subcylindrical, slightly tapered, very
sparsely and minutely spined all over; tuft small, before the middle; a long
spine and two short ones at tip, a sessile digit and one on a pedestal. Both pairs
of dorsal head-hairs single, slight, ante-antennal tufts multiple. Mental plate
triangular, the central tooth large, with eleven teeth on each side, dense toward
tip, remote at base. Mandible quadrangular, wide at the tip ; two long filaments
near tip ; an outer row of stout cilia ; eleven filamentous cilia on the outer edge ;
dentition of four teeth on a prominence, the first and third longer; two filaments
before, one within and two trifid teeth at base; process below furcate, with
groups of hairs ; a row of five large setae ; an angle below ; nine large setae at base,
the outer ones longer. Maxilla irregularly hemispherical, divided by a suture ;
inner half wide, angled on outer edge, with stiff papilla? without and sparse
hairs next the suture, a crown of hairs at tip and a feathered filament ; outer
half largely hairy, with two filaments distant from the suture; palpus about
three times as long as wide, truncate at tip, with two slight and two minute
digits. Body with the skin pilose. Thorax rounded, wider than long, robust;
hairs abundant, short, the subdorsal prothoracic ones single. Abdomen stout,
the posterior segments more elongate ; skin pilose ; hairs short, the lateral hairs
multiple on first two segments, triple on third to fifth, single on sixth. Tracheal
tubes broad, band-shaped, slightly constricted at the segmentations. Air-tube
stout, tapered outwardly, one and a half times as long as wide ; pecten reaching
halfway, the teeth evenly and closely set, followed by a multiple hair-tuft ; single
tooth a stout spine, wide at base, with four stout branches on each side. Lateral
comb of the eighth segment of about twenty scales in a small triangular patch ;
single scale sole-shaped, broadly rounded at tip, with fourteen terminal spinules,
nearly alike, only the basal ones shorter. Anal segment not as long as wide,
ringed by the plate ; dorsal tuft a brush and hair on either side ; a single lateral
hair ; ventral brush well developed, of short tufts, posteriorly situated, confined
to barred area. Anal gills very short.

Egg (plate 146, fig. 678). — Fusiform, slightly flattened on one side, a gelat-
inous cushion at the micropyle ; sculpture irregularly hexagonal, elongated in
the long diameter of the egg.

The larvae live in brackish or fresh water pools near the sea. They do not
normally occur quite so near the sea as the larvae of Aides sollicitans, preferring
water with less salt, but under special conditions they occur mixed with them.
The eggs are laid in the mud and hatch when the pools are filled, a set of larvae
appearing on each such occasion. Professor Smith, who studied the species in
New Jersey, says of the larval habits :

" These are like those of sollicitans and cantator and with their larvae those of
tceniorhynchus also occur. None of our collections show larva? of this species
only, though Mr. Viereck's material approached this point very nearly at one
period. As a rule they are in the small minority. In a mass of partly grown
larvae there is little apparent difference between the three species, but when full
grown the maculate heads of cantator and tceniorhynchus are characteristic,
while between these the very short anal siphon distinguishes the latter.

" Practically everything that has been said of the habits of the two other
species above mentioned applies to tceniorhynchus as well. As the species
is more southern in its range, sollicitans is its companion more frequently than
cantator."

AEDES TCENIORHYNCHUS

671

Professor Smith's observations were made at the northern extreme of the
range of the species. His statements regarding the association of the larvae
with those of Aedes sollicitans and cantator applies only in the more northernly
localities. To the southward the larvse of tmniorhynchus usually appear un-
associated with other species.

Dr. Dyar found the larvae upon the salt-marshes of southern California, where
a brood appeared in the highest pools at each monthly high tide. They fol-
lowed the appearance of Aedes squamiger, with which they were mixed. In
Mexico and Central America, Mr. Knab frequently found the larva? in large
numbers in pools of rain-water, but only within the tide-water region. Dis-
cussing the habits of the adult in New J ersey Professor Smith says :

" In a general way, the habits of this species are like those of sollicitans, but
it is not nearly so abundant. It is strictly a marsh mosquito, and has never
been bred anywhere else, but it also migrates, though not so generally and not so
far. It reaches New Brunswick from the Earitan meadows in small numbers,
but it has never been sent in by Mr. Brakeley from Lahaway, so that it is dis-
tinctly inferior in its spread to both sollicitans and cantator. Nor is it equally
abundant throughout its range. From the sections north of the Barnegat Bay,
collections early in the season have shown few or no specimens: later they
become more abundant ; but from two to ten per cent, of the bred specimens was
the best secured at any time from the collections made by Messrs. Brehme and
Grossbeck. At Atlantic City I found the species active and biting during the
day quite as abundantly as sollicitans. At Anglesea a series of porch captures in
August made during the late afternoon, showed both species equally present.
In the examination of Mr. Viereck's material some lots were nearly 50 per
cent, tceniorhynchus, and in one lot of between four hundred and five hundred
only five per cent, were sollicitans, the remaining 95 per cent, being of this
species. These, however, are abnormal percentages, and on the marsh itself the
captured adults show no such equality with the larger species. I have never
observed tceniorhynchus crawl up the legs of the marsh tramper as its ally does,
but it may do so where it is most abundant.

" Mr. Viereck failed for a long time to find gravid examples of this species,
but late in the season he collected a lot of specimens attracted to the electric
lights and found them mostly gravid examples of tceniorhynchus, sollicitans,
salinarius, and crucians. He duplicated that collection later and thereafter
found no difficulty in obtaining specimens with developed ova. . . .

" As to the bite, that is much like that of sollicitans and, like that species,
tamiorhynchus takes no long thought in reaching a proper spot; any exposed
place will answer and it has the same ankle-seeking propensity that its allies
have. I have never taken it indoors, even along shore.

" The egg-laying habits are like those of sollicitans and the eggs themselves
have not been found separable from those of its ally. In fact, in my first experi-
ments I bred more tceniorhynchus than I did sollicitans from the egg-filled sods
collected."

In the warmer parts of continental America Aedes tceniorhynchus is the com-
mon coast species and sometimes appears in enormous numbers when the condi-
tions favor the production of a brood. It has the same tendency to migrate as
A. sollicitans and has been taken far inland. Swarms of this mosquito have been
reported at sea, in the Gulf of Mexico, many miles from land. The species is
replaced by closely related forms in the Antilles, on the west coast of South
America arid on some of the Pacific islands.

Atlantic coast of America, exclusive of the Antilles; Pacific coast from
southern California southward.

672

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Bellport, New York, August, 1902 (H. G. Dyar) ; Babylon. New York, July 1,
1903 (W. W. Hewlett) ; Sag Harbor, New York, July 7, 1903 (C. E. Wells) ;
East River, Connecticut, July 27, 1908 (C. R. Ely) ; Piney Point, Maryland
(T. Pergande) ; Chesapeake Beach, Maryland, August 21, 1906 (P. Knab) ;
Ocean City, Maryland, September 16, 1913 (H. 6. Dyar) ; Virginia Beach,
Virginia, September 20, 1911 (H. G. Dyar) ; Ruddock, Louisiana, July 17,
1901 ; Baton Rouge, Louisiana (J. W. Dupree) ; Victoria, Texas, May 5,
October 24, 1904 (E. G. Hinds) ; Calhoun County, Texas, October, 1901 (J.
D. Mitchell) ; Cypress Bayou, Texas (J. D. Mitchell) ; San Diego, Cali-
fornia, June 2, 1906 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Carpenteria, California, July 2, 1906
(H. G. Dyar) ; Tampico, Mexico, December 5, 1909 (P. C. Bishopp) ; Vera
Cruz, Mexico, July 20, 1902 (G. E. Beyer) ; Salina Cruz, Mexico, July 7, 1905
(P. Knab) ; Santa Lucrecia, Mexico, June 19, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Coatzacoalcos,
Mexico (A. Duges) ; Tonala, Mexico (A. Duges) ; San Bias, Mexico (A.
Duges) ; Las Penas, Tepic, State of Jalisco, Mexico (A. Duges) ; Progreso,
Yucatan, December 11, 1907 (F. Knab) ; Belize, British Honduras (R. H.
Peters) ; Champerico, Guatemala, August 4, 1905 (P. Knab) ; San Jose, Guate-
mala, August 6, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Puerto Barrios, Guatemala ; Corinto, Nica-
ragua, September 4, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Puntarenas, Costa Rica, September 7,
1905 (F. Knab) ; La Boca, Canal Zone, Panama, June 14, July 20, 1907 (A.
Busck) ; Pedro Miguel, Canal Zone, Panama (A. H. Jennings) ; Tabogilla
Island, Panama (A. H. Jennings) ; Colon, Panama, May 19, 1904 (A. C. H.
Russell) ; Corozal, Canal Zone, Panama, May 4, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Mira-
flores, Canal Zone, Panama, May 9, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Ancon, Canal
Zone, Panama, June 10, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Trinidad, West Indies, June,
1905 (A. Busck) ; Corentyne Coast, British Guiana, June 1, 1906 (J. Aiken) ;
Georgetown, British Guiana (E. D. Rowland) ; Berbice, British Guiana, June 7,
1907 (J. Aiken) ; Paramaribo, Surinam (Dr. Van Hall) ; Surinam (H. Polak).
Also reported from Para and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Peryassu).

Aides tceniorhynchus is reported by Theobald, on the authority of Miss Lud-
low, from localities in Arizona and Illinois; as the species breeds only within
tide-water, and the flight of the adult does not range beyond 40 miles at the
most, these records are clearly based on misidentifications. We are also inclined
to doubt the records from the same authorities of its occurrence at Fort Wright,
Washington, and Fort Morgan, Alaska. The species is also reported from
Florida., but the many specimens we have examined from various localities in
Florida have proved to be the closely related Antillean form Aedes niger.

AEDES NIGER (Giles) Pazos.

Culex twniorhynchus Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, i, 350, 1901.

Culex tceniorhynchus Taylor (not Wiedemann), Rev. de Med. Trop., iv, 146, 156, 1903.

Culex twniorhynchus Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, iii, 158, 1903.

Culex twniorhynchus Pazos (not Wiedemann), Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 134, 1904.

Tceniorhynchus niger Giles, Journ. Trop. Med., vii, 382, 1904.

Culex twniorhynchus Theobald (not Wiedemann), Mosq. or Culic. of Jamaica, 22,
1905.

Culex twniorhynchus Coffin (not Wiedemann), in Shattuck, The Bahama Ids., 287,
1905.

Culex portoricensis Ludlow, Can. Ent., xxxvii, 386, 1905.
Aedes niger Pazos, San. y Ben., ii, 48, 326, 1909.

Oulicelsa twniorhynchus Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, v, 316, 1910.
Culex portoricensis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 334, 1910.
Twniorhynchus (?) niger Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 430, 1910.

Obiginal Description op T;eniorhynchus niger:

J. Head with a median area on the occiput clothed with golden falciform scales
like those of Howardina, and also with two strong brown bristles projecting forwards
between the antennae. Nape densely clothed with yellow and brown forked scales;

AEDES NIGER

673

lateral flat-scaled areas with a black spot behind the eyes enclosed in a loop of
white. Palpi brown, with white tips. Scutellum with yellowish falciform scales;
pleurae and coxae with some whitish bars and specks. Halteres entirely pale yellow,
densely scaled.

This species closely resembles C. impellens. Walker, in ornament, but differs in
having snowy apical lateral spots on all but the last abdominal segment; C. im-
pellens having simply basal bands, besides which, of course, the dense scaly armature
of the wing, though the scales are rather narrow for the genus, is alone sufficient to
distinguish them. Rather over medium size.

Habitat. — Antigua. July 21st, 1901, from a collection sent by Dr. Forrest.

The following is an abstract of the table :
I. Species whose proboscides exhibit a paler band.

C. The scales of the wings uniformly of one colour, or at any rate not brindled.
a. With the abdominal segments basally pale banded,
i. With the tarsi basally pale banded.

9. T. niger, sp. n. Wing black. Band of proboscis sharply de-
fined, rather narrow, placed at the middle. Abdominal
segments sooty, with narrow white bands of uniform width.
Tarsal banding extremely minute, especially on distal
joints. Thorax sooty-grounded, with deep golden-brown
curved scales, rather paler at the sides behind. A very
sombre species, with apical lateral spots to the abdominal
segments, not visible from above, and the venter impure
white, with narrow black bands across the apices of the
segments.

Obiginal Description of Culex portoricensis:

Head dark, with a narrow median line of ochraceous curved scales, light forked
scales upon the occiput, and reaching well up toward the vertex; the median curved
scales followed by light flat scales and a narrow stripe of dark flat scales on the
side; antennae dark brown, verticels and pubescence brown, basal joint brown, with
a few flat lighter brown scales; palpi dark brown, a few white scales at the tips;
proboscis very long, dark brown, with a minute white band, at times merely a trace,
near the middle; clypeus dark brown: eyes brown and garnet.

Thorax dark brown; prothoracic lobes with light spindle-shaped scales; meso-
notum sparsely covered with small, slender curved golden brown scales on the sides,
the median portion partly denuded, but some dark brown spindle-shaped scales
remaining; scutellum dark, with light, slender curved scales; pleura dark brown,
with numerous small patches of flat, white scales; metanotum dark brown.

Abdomen dark, covered with dark brown scales; very narrow basal white bands,
and small basal white lateral spots; venter mostly white scaled.

Legs. Coxae and trochanters dark, with light scales; femora dark brown dorsally,
almost white ventrally, more markedly so on the hind legs; tibiae brown, as are all
the remaining joints, but on the hind legs the metatarsi, the first, second, third and
sometimes the fourth tarsal joints have minute white basal spots, not amounting to
bands; on the mid legs the spots appear on the metatarsi, first and second tarsal
joints, and on the fore legs there are minute yellowish spots at the tips of the tibiae,
and base and apex of the metatarsi, the remaining joints being brown. Fore and
mid ungues uniserrate.

Wings brown, with brown scales; cells rather short; the first submarginal a little
longer and narrower than the 2nd posterior cell, the stem of each about two-thirds
as long as the cells, the bases nearly in a line; the cross veins are all nearly the
same length, mid and supernumerary meet, and the posterior cross-vein is distant
about its own length from the mid; halteres have light stem and fuscous knob.

The male greatly resembles the female; the palpi are long, with golden brown
plumes, and four narrow white bands; fore and mid ungues biserrate.

Length, 3.5-4 mm. Taken Aug. 15, 1905. Habitat, San Juan, Porto Rico.

Described from several specimens sent by Dr. L. G. de Queveda, Cont. Surg.
U. S. A., which were taken at the Quarantine Station, Yellow Fever Hospital and
Quarters; it at first glance suggests C. taniorhynchus minus the hind legs, and
probably lies near that, but is evidently distinct.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes niger:

Female. — Proboscis rather long, slender, cylindrical, the labellas conically
tapered ; vestiture black, a narrow white ring before the middle ; setae minute,
black, those on the labellaa more prominently outstanding. Palpi short, rather

674

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

stout, about one-fifth the length of the proboscis, black scaled, the tips white ;
setse moderate, black. Antennae with the distal joints longer than the basal ones,
rugose, black, pilose; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation,
luteous brown, some pale scales on inner side ; hairs of whorls moderate, sparse,
black. Clypeus elliptical, prominent, dark brown, nude. Eyes black. Occiput
dark brown, broadly clothed with fine, narrow curved scales, shining yellowish
centrally, rich brown laterally, cheeks clothed with broad, flat white scales, a
patch of black ones above at ocular margin, numerous slender, upright black
forked scales on the occiput; bristles moderate, dark brown, those projecting
between eyes dense and pale.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, dark, clothed with narrow
curved scales, bronzy brown above, white below, and black setae. Mesonotum
dark brown, clothed thickly and uniformly with narrow curved dark bronzy
brown scales, lighter only about the antescutellar space and above roots of wings ;
bristles moderate, black. Scutellum trilobate, brown, clothed with brassy scales,
each lobe with a group of brown setae. Postnotum conical, prominent, luteous
brown, nude. Pleurae and coxae dark brown, clothed with elliptical, flat, white
scales and pale setae.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, posterior segments tapering, the cerci
exserted; dorsal vestiture of black scales, each segment with a narrow basal
band of dull yellowish white scales, a row of large, pure white patches along the
sides medianly on the segments, somewhat larger posteriorly, the last two
visible from a dorsal view; venter clothed with pale yellow and white scales
sparsely intermixed with black ones, with subapical ill defined black segmental
bands. Cerci black.

Wings rather broad, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell shorter than its
cell, that of second posterior cell also shorter than its cell ; basal cross-vein about
its own length distant from anterior cross-vein ; scales of the veins black, the
outstanding ones broadly linear, a very slight thickening of the scales at base
of third vein. Halteres pale.

Legs moderately slender; femora partly pale beneath, black scaled above, tips
black ; knees white ; tibiae black, under side partially whitish scaled, the stiff
outstanding setae black ; tarsi black ; each joint of hind tarsi with a very narrow
white basal ring, nearly absent on the last ; fore and mid legs with the first three
joints narrowly white at base, last two joints wholly black. Claw formula,
1.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 3.5 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, long and slender, with a narrow white ring before
the middle. Palpi longer than proboscis, the last two joints slightly enlarged, a
broad white ring at middle of long joint and narrower ones at bases of last
two joints ; end of long joint and the last two joints with long black and brown
hairs. Antennae plumose, the last two joints long and slender, pilose, rugose,
black, the others short, brownish, with a narrow black ring at insertions of
hair-whorls ; hairs long, dense, black with a brownish tint. Coloration similar
to the female. Wings narrower than in the female, the stems of the fork-cells
longer; vestiture scanty. Abdomen elongate, depressed, the pale segmental
bands broader than in the female, the lateral spots small, nearly obsolete on
proximal segments; lateral ciliation long, dense, pale brown. Tarsal white
rings broader than in the female, particularly on last joint of hind tarsi. Claw
formula, 2.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Genitalia (plate 30, fig. 204) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, inner
third divided by a slight groove, apical lobe absent, basal lobe small, conically

AEDES FLETCHEKI

675

prominent, densely setose. Clasp-filament large, rather strongly swollen
mesially with a long terminal articulated spine. Harpes concave, elliptical,
the inner margin thickened and revolute, the apex produced into a short stout
point directed outward. Harpagones with a long columnar base minutely setose,
bearing a long ligulate terminal filament which tapers to the tip and bears a
short retrose branch above the middle. Unci obscure, forming a short stout
basal cylinder. Basal appendages short, stout, with a number of seta?.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 122, fig. 423). — Head rounded, widest through eyes;
antenna? moderate, uniform, slightly spinose, a small tuft before the middle ;
both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single, ante-antennal tufts multiple. Body with
the skin pilose. Lateral comb of the eighth abdominal segment of about twenty
scales in an irregular patch, each scale with a uniform fringe of spines. Air-
tube short, less than twice as long as wide, the pecten of about fifteen evenly
spaced stout teeth running beyond the middle, followed by a multiple hair-tuft.
Anal segment short, with a narrow chitinous ring, spinose behind ; dorsal tuft
a long hair and tuft on each side ; lateral hair single, small ; ventral brush well
developed, confined to the barred area. Anal gills small, equal, about as long as
the width of the chitinous ring.

The larva? live in brackish or fresh temporary pools near the sea. Dr. Dyar
found them in immense numbers in some large ditches along a road, on the
other side of which was the ocean. So far as known, the habits are identical
with those of Aides tceniorhynchus.

Antilles and southern Florida.

Jamaica (M. Grabham) ; Santo Domingo, West Indies (A. Busck) ; Quaran-
tine Station, San Juan, Porto Rico, August 15, 1905 (through C. S. Ludlow) ;
Mariel, Cuba(J. E. Taylor, J. H. Pazos) ; Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, May 31,
1904 (A. C. H. Bussell) ; Cabanas, Cuba, May 28 (Palmer and Riley) ; Havana,
Cuba (J. R. Taylor) ; San Antonio de los Banos, Cuba (J. H. Pazos) ; Andros
Island, Bahamas, June 26, 1903 (T. H. Coffin) ; Government Harbor, Bahamas,
1903 (T. H. Coffin) ; Nassau, New Providence, Bahamas, June 24, 1903 (T. H.
Coffin) ; Tarpum Bay, Eleuthera, Bahamas (T. H. Coffin) ; Rum Cay, Bahamas
(T. H. Coffin) ; Current Settlement, Eleuthera, Bahamas, May 7, 1903 (T. H.
Coffin) ; Florida Keys (H. Byrd) ; Osprey, Florida, August 31, 1901 (S. G.
Webb) ; Fort De Soto, Florida (through C. S. Ludlow) ; Estero, Florida, July,
1907 (J. B. Van Duzee) ; Tampa, Florida, March 18, 1905 (H. G. Dyar) ; New
Smyrna, Florida, March 21, 1905 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Miami, Florida, March
12, 1905 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Palm Beach, Florida (H. G. Dyar) ; Biscayne
Bay, Florida, (Mrs. A. T. Slosson) ; Knights Key, Florida, December 2, 1908
(W. H. Sligh) ; Key West, Florida, June 27, 1901 (C. N. Barney) ; Logger-
head Key, Dry Tortugas, June 19, 1910 (A. G. Mayer). Reported also from
Isle of Pines (Pazos), Antigua (Giles) and St. Lucia (Theobald), West Indies.

This species differs from Aides tceniorhynchus chiefly in having the last hind
tarsal joint largely black. The male genitalia and the larva? do not differ. It is
a very poorly defined species, perhaps better classed as a geographic race of
tceniorhynchus. Some of the specimens from Florida have broader white rings
on the tarsi and thus approach tceniorhynchus. Dr. Pazos describes the last
hind tarsal joint as entirely white in Cuban specimens, but this is evidently an
error as his figures show that joint black with a white basal ring.

AEDES FLETCHERI (Coquillett) Dyar & Knab.

Culex flavescens Theobald (not Fabricius, not de Villers), Mon. Culic, i, 410. 1901.
Gulex flavescens Giles (not Fabricius, not de Villers), Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 419, 1902.
Culex fletcheri Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxv, 84, 1902.
Culex areanus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 303, 1904.

Ochlerotatus fletcheri Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 20, 1906.

676

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Aedes fletcheri Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 11, 1907.
Aedes fletcheri Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., 1, 544, 1908.
Culicada arcanus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 301, 1910.
Culex fletcheri Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 485, 1910.
Culex arcanum Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 485, 1910.

Original Description or Culex flavescens :

Thorax golden scaled; abdomen entirely covered with ochraceous scales; legs
brown, with the tarsi and metatarsi very broadly basally banded, pale ochraceous.

$. Head densely covered with narrow golden-yellow curved scales, upright brown
and black forked scales; antennae yellowish at the base, brown apically, basal joint
bright ochraceous; palpi ochraceous with brown scales; proboscis unhanded.

Thorax brown, densely covered with curved hair-like golden scales; scutellum
brown, with narrow curved pale golden scales, the mid lobe with several rows of
long golden-brown bristles; metanotum chestnut-brown; pleurae ochraceous.

Abdomen densely clothed with ochraceous scales, with a few black ones dotted
about in one specimen; coxae ochraceous; femora ochraceous; tibiae pale brown;
metatarsi very pale ochraceous and also the tarsi, with black apices, giving them a
broadly basally pale banded appearance.

Wings scaled much as in C. pipiens, first sub-marginal cell longer and narrower
than the second posterior cell, the bases of the two fork-cells nearly level; second pos-
terior cell rather short and broad; posterior cross-vein not quite its own length
distant from the mid cross-vein; stem of the first sub-marginal cell not quite as long
as the cell, stem of the second posterior cell as long as the cell.

Ungues of the fore and mid legs thick, uniserrated, equal.

Length. — 6 mm.

Habitat. — Unknown.

Observations. — Described from four old specimens in the Hope Collection at
Oxford. Three were named Culex lutescens, one Culex flavescens. There are no data
attached. They are certainly not C. lutescens, Fabr., for the tarsi are banded, whilst
in C. lutescens the tarsi are brown. They resemble in form G. cantans, but the
abdomen is densely clothed with ochraceous scales, and the metatarsi and tarsi are
really pale ochraceous with narrow black apical bands.

Original Description of Culex fletcheri:

Head black, scales of occiput narrow, golden brown, on each side a patch of
broad, appressed yellow ones, antennae brown, the first joint and bases of the second
and third yellow, palpi yellowish brown, proboscis black, the median portion brown;
body black, metanotum brownish yellow, scales of thorax golden brown, the bristly
hairs and those on the scutellum golden yellow, abdomen wholly covered with
pale yellow scales; femora yellow, the apices and tibiae blackish, the scales mixed
white, yellow and black, not forming distinct bands; tarsi black, the bases yellowish
brown, a band of white scales at bases of the three median joints on the front and
middle tarsi, of the last four joints of the hind ones, claws very large, toothed; wings
hyaline, veins yellow, scales sparse, small, those near base of wings chiefly yel-
lowish, the others brown, the lateral ones on first four veins and upper branch of the
fifth very narrow and elongate, petiole of first submarginal cell about half the
length of that cell, crossvein at apex of second basal cell about its length from
the one above it; halteres yellow, the knobs brown; length, 6 mm. Two females
collected by Dr. James Fletcher, for whom this unique species is named.

Habitat. — Carnduff, Assiniboia, British America.

Type— Cat. No. 6255, U. S. N. M.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes fletcheri:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, subcylindrical, flattened, uniform ; vestiture of
brown-black scales with a few pale ochreous ones intermixed, the labellae black ;
setae minute, black, curved, those on the labellae more prominently outstanding.
Palpi stout, rather long, more than one-fourth as long as the proboscis ; vesti-
ture of black scales with a few pale ones ; setae few and long, black. Antennae
with the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black, second joint somewhat thickened,
yellow ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, ocher yellow, on
the inner side black and with small, flat, broad whitish scales. Clypeus shortly
conical, prominent, convex, black, nude. Eyes black. Occiput rather broad,
clothed very broadly with dense, narrow, curved, brassy scales on the vertex, a
large patch of golden brown ones on each side close to the eyes ; cheeks narrow,

AEDES FLETCHERI

677

clothed with broad, flat, pale ocherous scales, a small patch of black ones above
at eye-margin ; bristles along margins of eyes pale brown, a dense tuft of brassy
ones projecting between the eyes.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, well separated, brownish, clothed with narrow,
golden scales below, golden-brown ones above and pale bristles. Mesonotum
black, a broad median stripe of narrow curved golden-brown scales, a detached
stripe of similar scales on each side on posterior half, sides of disk and ante-
scutellar space clothed with pale brassy scales; bristles moderate, black, those
posteriorly and at the roots of the wings yellowish white. Scutellum trilobate,
brownish, clothed with small, narrow, curved, pale brassy scales, each lobe with a
large group of whitish bristles. Postnotum broadly elliptical, convex, ocherous,
pruinose, nude. Pleura gray, the coxae pale brown, clothed with narrow, ellip-
tical, flat, dull yellowish white scales and short pale bristles, the prothoracic
epimera clothed with narrow golden brown scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, the posterior segments tapered ; dorsal
vestiture nearly wholly of dull ocherous white scales intermixed with a few
black ones, these latter predominating along lateral margins, forming an ill-
defined stripe becoming obsolete towards the tip ; venter similarly colored, the
black scales forming an ill-defined median longitudinal stripe. Cerci black.

Wings rather broad, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell nearly half as
long as its cell, that of second posterior cell about as long as its cell ; basal cross-
vein nearly its own length distant from anterior cross-vein, scales of the veins
black and yellowish white intermixed, the yellow largely predominating on the
basal two-thirds of the costa, subcosta and first vein, the black predominating on
third vein, the forks of the fourth and fifth veins and the whole of the sixth vein ;
outstanding scales linear to ligulate, very long, both black and pale. Halteres
pale, with blackish, white-scaled knobs.

Legs rather long, clothed with pale ochraceous scales, the long outstanding
setae black; femora with some black scales on upper side which predominate
towards tip; tibiae similarly colored; first tarsal joint clothed with ochraceous
scales with black ones intermixed which predominate at tips, the other joints
black with basal white rings, the hind tarsi having the basal halves white, the
rings narrower on the other legs and nearly obsolete on the last joint of front
legs. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 7.5 mm. ; wing, 6.25 mm.

Male. — Proboscis slender, nearly straight. Palpi exceeding the proboscis by
about half the length of the last joint ; vestiture of ochreous and blackish scales,
the latter very sparse, tending to form rings near the false articulation of the
long joint and at the apices of the other joints ; apex of long joint and last
two joints with long, dense golden and brownish hairs. Antennae plumose, the
last two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others short, black at
the thickened insertions of the hair-whorls ; hairs long, dense, brown, shining.
Coloration similar to the female. Wings narrower than in the female, the stems
of the fork-cells longer, the vestiture sparse. Abdomen long, depressed ; dorsal
vestiture of sordid yellowish white scales, with an ill defined, narrow median
stripe of black and golden brown scales ; lateral ciliation long, fine and dense,
pale yellowish. Claw formula, 2.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body 7 mm. ; wing 5.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 25, fig. 176) : Side-pieces nearly three times as long as wide,
the tips 'conically rounded. Distal lobe large, prominent, conical, with short
setae. Basal lobe a rather large but slightly elevated area bearing numerous dense
short setae with tubercular bases ; a stout spine with hooked tip within the basal
lobe, accompanied by two slender hairs. Clasp-filament slender, attenuated
above base, a long stout articulated spine at apex, nearly one-third as long as

678

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

filament; three small seta? subapically. Harpes elliptical, edges recurved and
thickened, tips pointed and directed outward. Harpagones with stout base
tapering outwardly, minutely hirsute, bearing at its tip an articulated filament
which widens, broadly lanceolate, with a short, somewhat recurved branch on
inner side near middle. Unci invisible. Basal appendages small, rather ap-
proximate, bearing about six stout setae.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 117, fig. 403). — Head rounded, widest through the
eyes, sloping regularly to the front; antennae slender, uniform, finely spined,
the hair tuft at the middle ; both pairs of dorsal head-hairs rather long, in threes,
ante-antennal tufts multiple. Skin of body smooth. Lateral hairs in twos on
second to sixth abdominal segments. Lateral comb of eighth abdominal seg-
ment of about twenty-five scales in a triangular patch, each scale fringed on the
sides and with a long apical spine. Air-tube stout, less than four times as long as
wide, slightly tapering outwardly; some fine hairs on dorsal surface towards
base; pecten fine and dense, reaching nearly to middle of tube, the last two
teeth detached; followed by a multiple hair-tuft. Anal segment longer than
wide, with a large dorsal plate, reaching well down the sides ; dorsal tuft a long
hair and tuft on each side ; lateral hair small, single ; ventral brush large and
abundant, with small tufts preceding the barred area nearly to the base of seg-
ment. Anal gills long, pointed, equal.

The larvae inhabit ground-pools early in spring. There is a single annual
generation. These larvae develop rather slowly, and consequently inhabit water
of a more permanent character than do those of the other species developing in
snow-water. Mr. Knab says:

" Larvae of this species in the second stage were found on May 19. They fre-
quented the larger ditches and pools and appeared to be absent from most of the
small pools, which dry out in a few weeks and form the favorite habitat of the
larvae of A. spenceri. Although next in importance to A. spenceri, this species
is very much less numerous. The larvae develop more slowly, and most of them
do not reach maturity until after the larvae of A. spenceri have disappeared.
They seemed to thrive best in the deeper reedy pools of a more or less perma-
nent character, where they feed near the bottom, ascending for air from time to
time. On May 25 the larvae were still in the second and third stages, and it
was not until May 28 that a larva in the last stage was obtained. June 10 the
first pupa was found, and the larvae were at that time nearly all in the last stage.
June 13 pupae were numerous, and by June 18 the larvae had all disappeared
and only a very few pupae remained. On May 27 the larvae, in the third stage,
were found in ditches and in a permanent swamp which were so strongly alkaline
that there was a white deposit along the margins. In the alkaline ditches pupae
and full-grown larvae of A. spenceri and small larvae of A. curriei were asso-
ciated with the larvae of A. fletcheri. The adults bite in the daytime and also
toward evening."

Prairies of western Canada and north-western United States.

Winnipeg, Manitoba, June 22, 1907 (F. Knab) ; Eegina, Saskatchewan,
June 23, 1902 (J. Fletcher) ; Pine Creek, Saskatchewan, July 12, 1903 (J.
Fletcher) ; Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan, June 9, 1901 (J. Fletcher) ; Carnduff,
Saskatchewan, May 28, 1901 (J. Fletcher) ; Oxbow, Saskatchewan, June, 1907
(F. Knab) ; Belonge Creek, Saskatchewan, July, 1907 (V. A. Armstrong) ;
Olds, Alberta, July 15, 1901 (J. Fletcher) ; Mount Cheam, British Columbia,
August 3, 1899 (J. Fletcher) ; Big Fork, Montana (Edith M. Bicker).

Theobald described Culex flavescens from an unknown locality; but as the
name was preoccupied, Blanchard proposed a substitute. The description, how-
ever, agrees so well with our Aedes fletcheri, that we venture to refer it to the
synonymy of this species, although we have not examined the types.

AEDES STIMULANS

679

AEDES STIMULANS (Walker).

Culex stimulans Walker, Cat. Dipt. Brit. Mus., i, 4, 1848.

Culex stimulans Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 245, 1900.

Culex stimulans Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic., i, 399, 1901.

Culex cantons Theobald (in part, not Meigen), Mon. Culic, i, 401, 1901.

Culex cantans Smith (not Meigen), Ent. News, xiii, 300, pi. xv, £. 3, 1902.

Culex cantans Giles (in part, not Meigen), Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 244, 416, 1902.

Culex cantans Smith (not Meigen), Bull. 171, N. J. Agr. Exp. Stat., 24, 1904.

Culex cantans Dyar (not Meigen), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xii, 174, 1904.

Culex cantans Felt (not Meigen), Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 284, 1904.

Culicada cantans Felt (not Meigen), Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 391&, 1904.

Culex cantans Smith (not Meigen), N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 240, 1905.

Culicada subcantans Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 448, 474, 1905.

Aedes subcantans Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xiv, 202, 1906.

Ochlerotatus subcantans Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 20, 1906.

Ochlerotatus subcantans Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circular 72, 6, 1906.

Culicada subcantans Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 324, 1907.

Aedes subcantans Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., 1, 547, 1908.

Culex (Culicada) stimulans Speiser, Schrft. d. Physik.-okonom. Gesell. zu Konigs-

berg i. Pr., xlix, 391, 1908.
Culicada subcantans Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 297, 1910.

Culicada maculatus Theobald (in part, not Meigen), Mon. Culic, v, 296, 1910.
Aedes subcantans Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 718, 1910.
Culicada subcantans De Meijere, Tijdschr. v. Ent., liv, 146, 1911.

Original Description of Culex stimulans:

Fern. Fusco-rufus, capite thoraceque flavo hirtis, abdominis segmentis flavo-
cinctis, pedibus fuscis, tarsis nigris, flavo-cinctis, alis limpidis.

Body brownish red: head and chest clothed with yellow hairs: mouth and feelers
dark brown: each segment of the abdomen with a band of yellow hairs on the fore
border, and with a few longer yellow hairs on the hind border: thighs pale brown,
with black tips; shanks darker brown; feet black, base of each joint pale yellow:
wings colourless; veins tawny; poisers pale yellow, with tawny tips. Length of the
body 2*4 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

a. Nova Scotia. From Lieut. Redman's collection.

Original Description of Culicada subcantans:

Genitalia, male. Basal clasp segment stout, sides nearly parallel, tapering some-
what distally and with a well developed distal lobe. Terminal segment slender,
slightly swollen near the middle and with a long, slender, apical spine. Claspette a
slight basal lobe bearing a very long curved, chitinous spine and a few large setae.
Harpes with the proximal portion stout, and at the basal third several large, internal
spines; distal portion a very long, slender, halbert-like blade, with a slightly re-
curved, acute tip. Harpagones evenly rounded, terminating in a stout, recurved tooth
and with several smaller teeth. Unci approximate, rather broad, apex acute. Se-
taceous lobes well developed and bearing numerous large, chitinous spines.

Female. Lobes stout, about four times as long as broad, gently rounded exteriorly
to a rather broadly rounded apex bearing a number of stout setae. Ventral plate as
broad as a lobe, extending slightly beyond the basal third; apically, strongly
emarginate and with a slightly sinuate lateral margin.

The following is an abstract of the table :
aa. Air-tube moderate in length, from about two to four times longer than its

greatest diameter.
bbbbb. Air tube with pecten, more or less tapering; comb scales present.
cc. Seventh abdominal segment without dorsal plate.
ddd. Comb scales 25 or more.

//. Pecten not as above (i. e., pale, prolonged into setae).
gg. Tuft of antennae normal.

hh. Comb scales each with a stout apical spine,
broadly spatulate at base.
i. Air tube about three times as long as its
greatest diameter; antennae moder-
ately long with a slight swelling near
the base, 25-50 comb scales and 16-24
pecten; head immaculate. .. .Brown
wood mosquito, Culicada subcantans

680

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes stimulans:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, subcylindrical, flattened, the labellae conically
tapered; vestiture brownish-black intermixed with sordid-white scales, espe-
cially beneath; setae minute, curved, black, those on the labella? more promi-
nently outstanding. Palpi stout, short, about one-fourth as long as the pro-
boscis, clothed with black scales, the bases of the joints with yellowish-white
scales ; seta? moderate, black. Antennas with the basal joints somewhat shorter
than distal ones, second joint larger and thicker and pale at base, the remain-
ing joints rugose, blackish, pilose ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical
excavation, luteous, brown and with a patch of small white scales on the inner
side ; hairs of the whorls sparse, black. Clypeus convex, shortly conical, brown-
ish, nude. Eyes black. Occiput blackish, broadly clothed with narrow, curved,
dull yellowish white scales, many slender, erect, forked, black scales on the nape ;
cheeks clothed with flat, dull white scales, a small patch of black ones well up
the sides near eye-margin ; bristles bordering the eyes black, a tuft of pale ones
projecting forward between the eyes.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, brown, clothed with dull whit-
ish scales and black bristles. Mesonotum dark brown, clothed with narrow,
curved scales, rich bronzy brown on the disk, the anterior and lateral margins,
the antescutellar space, and a subdorsal line on either side of it of sordid silvery
scales ; bristles moderate, black. Scutellum trilobate, luteous, each lobe with a
group of black bristles and with vestiture of pale sordid yellow-silvery scales.
Postnotum elliptical, prominent, luteous, pruinose, nude. Pleurae and coxa?
pale brown, clothed with flat, elliptical, white scales and rows of short pale
bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, the posterior segments tapering; dorsal
vestiture of black scales with a few pale ones intermixed, each segment with a
broad basal medianly produced band of sordid creamy white scales, on the sides
the bands widen into large triangular spots, dorsally visible on fourth, fifth and
sixth segments ; first segment with a patch of white scales and with many pale
hairs ; venter clothed with sordid white scales with a few black ones intermixed,
sometimes forming a series of median spots. Cerci black.

Wings rather broad, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell somewhat shorter
than its cell, that of second posterior cell of about the same length as its cell ;
basal cross- vein about its own length distant from anterior cross- vein; scales of
veins black with dull white ones intermixed, rather evenly distributed, the white
scales predominant only on the subcostal vein, the black ones elsewhere; out-
standing scales long, broadly linear with blunt tips, blackish ; fringe dusky.
Halteres entirely pale.

Legs moderately slender ; femora clothed with dull creamy scales below, black
and whitish ones about evenly intermixed above, the tips narrowly pale ; tibiae
with black and whitish scales intermixed, the black ones predominating at apices,
the stiff outstanding seta? mostly black ; tarsi black, on hind tarsi each joint with
a broad basal ring of white scales, the first joint with some white scales scat-
tered over the surface ; on the front and middle tarsi the bands are narrow, the
last two joints of front tarsi and the last of the middle ones wholly black. Claw
formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis slender and straight. Palpi exceeding the proboscis by
nearly the length of the last joint ; end of long joint and last two joints some-
what thickened and bearing many long brown hairs with some black and dull
yellow ones intermixed ; long joint clothed with black and whitish scales, with a
broad pale median ring, the last two joints broadly pale scaled at base. Antenna?

AEDES 8TIMULANS

681

plumose, the last two joints long and slender, black, rugose, pilose, the others
short, largely black ; hairs of whorls long, dense, black and yellowish-brown.
Coloration similar to the female. Wings narrower than in the female, the stems
of the fork-cells longer ; vestiture sparse. Abdomen long, depressed ; segmental
white bands much broader than in the female, the last two segments nearly all
white scaled above ; lateral ciliation long, abundant and fine, pale yellowish
brown. Claw formula, 1.1—1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Genitalia (plate 25, fig. 175) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, slender ;
distal lobe roundedly prominent, continued along the inner margin narrowly
toward the basal lobe ; basal lobe quadrately expanded, bearing many small setae
with tuberculate bases and a stout double spine. Clasp-filament slender, bearing
a few small setae outwardly, at tip a long articulated terminal spine. Harpes
slender, concave, inner margins revolute, hooked at tip, point directed outward.
Harpagones with a stout cylindrical base, curved, minutely pilose, bearing a
terminal filament, which is slightly expanded beyond middle. Unci approxi-
mate, revolute, forming an indistinct basal cylinder. Basal appendages stout
and approximate, bearing a row of stout setae at the tip.

Larva, Stage IV (see the figure of the entire larva, plate 63) . — Head rounded,
wider than long, sides slightly narrowed before eyes, a slight notch at insertion
of antenna?, front margin broadly arcuate. Antennae moderate, subcylindrical,
slightly wider at base, spined all over; tuft moderate, very near middle, four
terminal spines of different lengths and a blunt digit at tip. Upper pair of
dorsal head-hairs single, lower double ; ante-antennal tuft multiple, short.
Mental plate long, triangular; thirteen side teeth, subequal, the end tooth not
larger, the basal one detached and smaller. Mandible quadrangular, two fila-
ments near tip and an outer row of cilia; ten filaments on outer edge ; dentition
of four teeth not much raised, the first the largest, preceded by a single large
curved tooth ; a broad serrate filament and six hairs within ; process below fur-
cate, with hair in patches ; the lower angle forms another process from the base
of the first, with a curved tip pointed at one end ; six scattered hairs within ; six
stout hairs at base. Maxilla hemispherical, the tip crater-shaped, divided by a
suture ; inner half with the hairs on margin erected ; a crown of hairs at tip ;
outer half with two filaments and a spine on other sides; palpus broadly
attached, constricted at tip, with four small digits. Thorax rounded, wider than
long; hairs abundant but not long; prothoracic hairs single and double; large
fan-shaped tufts on meso- and meta-thorax. Abdomen rather stout, the anterior
segments scarcely shorter; hairs moderate, the laterals double to sixth segment.
Tracheal tubes broad, band-shaped, slightly widened in the segments. Air-tube
stout, slightly tapered on the apical half, about three and a half times as long
as basal width ; pecten teeth dense, evenly spaced, occupying basal third, the
single tooth a long spine, wide at base, with seven irregular basal branches; a
single hair-tuft of four hairs beyond pecten, before middle of tube. Lateral
comb of eighth segment of numerous scales in a triangular patch ; single scale
elliptical, fringed with long fine spines, a long smooth spine at tip. Anal seg-
ment nearly twice as long as wide, the dorsal plate reaching below middle of
sides, roundedly incised in middle of lateral margin ; dorsal tufts a long hair
and a tuft on each side ; a single lateral hair on plate ; ventral brush well
developed, preceded by small tufts nearly to the base. Anal gills moderate, about
as long as the anal segment, tapered to a rather sharp point.

The la-rvae inhabit temporary pools early in the spring. There is but a single
generation in the year. The adults emerge early in the season, but the females
live for as much as three months, frequenting forests. They come readily to
bite by day, but do not frequent houses. The pools preferred by the larva? are
44

682

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

those along the banks of streams caused by overflows of high water, and are
often full of mud and leaves. They also inhabit general woods-pools, but
seldom occur so abundantly in such places. The open, often alga-filled pools,
frequented by Aides ab fitchii and fitchii, are not favored by this species. In
Newark, New Jersey, Professor Smith records larva? collected in March and
April, the first adult April 6. At Morristown, a more wooded locality, the first
adults appeared May 3. Mr. Brakeley did not find the species at Lahaway, nor
does it occur anywhere in the pine belt to Professor Smith's knowledge. The
larva? generally occurred associated with Aedes canadensis, which predominated,
as would be expected in woodland pools, where the collections were made. Pro-
fessor Smith remarks that the larvae favor the deeper pools and feed and hide
among the dead leaves covering the bottom. Professor Smith informed us that
he has observed a partial rotation of species in certain pools that he had yearly
under observation. In some seasons this species has occurred rarely in the pools,
but other species in abundance, while in other years the proportions are reversed.
Northeastern North America.

West Springfield, Massachusetts, larvae April 13, 1905 (F. Knab) ; foot of
Mount Holyoke, Massachusetts, larvae April 15, 1905 (Dyar and Knab) ;
Plattsburg, New York, larvae April 24, 1905 (H. G. Dyar) ; Oxbow, Saskatche-
wan, larva? June 7, 1907 (F. Knab). Also reported from New Jersey (Smith)
and originally from Nova Scotia (Walker) .

We are able to cite only those localities where this species has been bred, as
the female adults are indistinguishable from those of dbfitchii and fitchii. The
male genitalia serve for diagnosis, but males are seldom taken, unless bred, and
in the latter case the species is distinguishable also by the larva?. Unquestion-
ably we have here three good species formerly considered identical, as they
differ obviously in the structures of the larvae and the male genitalia. But it is
unfortunate that the females of the three species are so far not differentiable.
Mr. Theobald has apparently separated them, and gives figures illustrating the
differences in thoracic ornamentation which he has found in single specimens of
the three species, furnished by us for comparison with Walker's types. His
differentiation, made upon such slight material, disregards the variation which
occurs and which vitiates the characters which he adduces. The specimens
were sent to him for purpose of comparison, and not as representing the species
in their range of variation. We have series of the three species, bred from
carefully identified larvae, which show such a range of variation in each species
that no coloration character can be considered as diagnostic. Aedes stimulans
does not seem to be represented in the far West by an allied form, as dbfitchii
is. Walker's stimulans is unrecognizable, being based upon adults only, and
may represent still another, as yet unrecognized species. Dyar applied the name
to ab fitchii, as the most abundant and widely distributed species of the group,
but Speiser's previous restriction of stimulans to the present form must be
followed. Culex stimulans has been reported from Vera Cruz, Mexico, by
Parker, Beyer and Pothier (Yellow Fever Inst., U. S. Publ. Health & Marine
Hosp. Serv., Bull. 13, 37, 39, 1903), but we are sure that a misidentification has
been made; most likely the specimens were actually Aedes twniorhynchus or
rubbed Aedes calopus.

AEDES FITCHII (Felt & Young) Dyar & Knab.

Culex cantans Johannsen (not Meigen), Bull. 68, N. Y. State Mus., 419, 1903.

Culex cantans (no. 2) Dyar & Knab (not Meigen), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vi, 143, 1904.

Culex fitchii Felt & Young, Science, n. s., xx, 312, 1904.

Culex fitchii Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 281, 1904.

Culicada fitchii Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 391c, 1904.

Culex fitchii Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xii, 246, 1904.

AEDES FITCHII

683

Culex fitchii Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 451, 1905.

Culicada fitchii Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 475, 1905.

Grabhamia fitchii Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiii, 186, 1905.

Aiides fitchii Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 199, 190G.

Ochlerotatus fitchii Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 20, 1906.

Ochlerotatus fitchii Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circular 72, 5, 1906.

Culicada fitchii Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 321, 1907.

Aiides fitchii Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., 1, 545, 1908.

Culicada fitchii Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 299, 1910.

Aiides fitchii Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 718, 1910.

Original Description of Culex fitchii:

A long-tubed larva with a comb consisting of about eighteen triangular, stout,
spined scales arranged in two or more rows, some of the scales having a very stout,
terminal spine with smaller ones along each side, while others have the tips some-
what rounded and the spines more nearly of a size, was taken in a woodland pool at
Karner, on May 10, adults emerging on the sixteenth. The air tube is fully five
times as long as its greatest diameter, tapering somewhat regularly and with a
slight bend and contraction near the middle. There are two rows of pecten, each
consisting of about twenty-two closely-set teeth bearing at their bases usually two
larger and three or four fine serrations. This species, Culex fitchii n. sp., is close to
Culex squamiger Coq., and may be separated therefrom by the scales of the pleura
being white and the posterior cross vein its own length from the one above. The
basal segments of the antennae are clothed interiorly with broad white scales;
proboscis dark-brown, long; palpi dark brown, segments narrowly ringed at the
base with white; occiput clothed with brown scales, with a row of silvery ones just
above the eyes and along the median line. Thorax with a broad, brown, central
stripe bordered with a rather well-defined silvery, slightly broader, lateral stripe con-
taining a few brown blotches. Pleura rather thickly clothed with patches of silvery
white scales.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes fitchii:

Female. — Proboscis moderately long and slender, subcylindrical, flattened,
the labellae conically tapered ; vestiture brownish black with a few whitish scales
intermixed ; setae minute, curved, black, those on labellge more prominently out-
standing. Palpi rather stout, short, less than one-fourth as long as the pro-
boscis, clothed with black scales, tips and bases of joints with yellowish-white
scales ; seta? moderate, black. Antennae with the basal joints somewhat shorter
than the distal ones, second joint larger and thicker and pale at base, the
remaining joints rugose, blackish, pilose; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped
apical excavation, luteous, brown and with a patch of small white scales on inner
side; hairs of whorls sparse, black. Clypeus shortly conical, prominent, nude.
Eyes black. Occiput blackish, very broadly clothed with narrow, curved, yel-
lowish white scales and laterally a diffused patch of brown ones, many slender
erect forked black scales on nape ; cheeks clothed with flat white scales, a quad-
rate patch of black ones above at eye-margin ; bristles bordering the eyes black,
a tuft of pale ones projecting forward at the vertex.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, blackish, clothed with pale yellow
scales and black bristles. Mesonotum dark brown, clothed with narrow curved
scales, a broad median stripe of golden brown ones, anterior margin narrowly
and the whole of the sides of the disk as well as the antescutellar area with pale
sordid-yellowish ones, extreme lateral margins golden brown scaled; sides of
disk with more or less of brown scales intermixed ; bristles moderate, black.
Scutellum trilobate, luteous, each lobe with a group of black bristles and
clothed with narrow, curved, pale yellowish scales. Postnotum elliptical, short,
luteous, pruinose, nude. Pleurae and coxae pale brown, clothed with elliptical
white scales and rows of short pale bristles; prothoracic epimera with golden
brown scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, posterior segments tapering; dorsal vesti-
ture of black scales with a few pale ones intermixed, each segment with a broad,

684

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

medianly produced basal band of creamy or white scales and a narrow line of
pale ones at tip, on the sides the bands widen into wide triangular spots, espe-
cially on the sixth and seventh segments; first segment with a large patch of
white scales and many pale hairs ; venter clothed with pale ocherous scales with
some black ones intermixed, occasionally forming an imperfect median longi-
tudinal stripe. Cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell somewhat shorter
than its cell, that of second posterior cell about as long as its cell ; basal cross-
vein less than its own length distant from anterior cross-vein; scales of the
veins black with white ones intermixed, rather evenly distributed, the white
predominating on the subcostal vein, the black scales elsewhere; outstanding
scales long, broadly linear with blunt tips. Halteres entirely pale.

Legs moderately long and slender; femora clothed with pale yellow scales
below, black and whitish ones about evenly intermixed above, the tips narrowly
pale ; tibiae with black and whitish scales intermixed, the black ones predominat-
ing at apices, the stiff outstanding seta? mostly black; tarsi black, each joint
of hind ones with a broad basal ring of white scales, the first joint with some
white scales scattered over the surface ; on the front and middle tarsi the bands
are narrow, the last two joints of the front tarsi and the last joint of the mid
being wholly black. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis slender, straight. Palpi exceeding the proboscis by nearly
the length of the last joint; end of long joint and last two joints somewhat
thickened and bearing many long brown hairs with some yellow ones inter-
mixed ; long joint clothed with black and white scales, a band of whitish ones at
the middle, bases of last two joints with many white scales. Antenna? plumose,
the last two joints long and slender, black, rugose, pilose, the others short, pale,
with thick black rings at insertions of hair-whorls ; hairs of whorls long, dense,
black and yellowish-brown. Coloration similar to the female. Wings narrower
than in the female, the stems of the fork-cells longer ; vestiture sparse. Abdo-
men elongate, depressed, the basal segmental bands broader; lateral eiliation
long, abundant, pale brown. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Genitalia (plate 25, fig. 173) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, slender,
distal lobe roundedly prominent, continued along inner margin narrowly to
basal lobe; basal lobe triangularly expanded, bearing many small seta? with
tubercular bases and a single stout spine. Clasp-filament slender, bearing a few
small seta? outwardly, at tip a long articulated terminal spine. Harpes slender,
concave, inner margins revolute, hooked at tip, point directed outward. Har-
pagones with a slender cylindrical base, slightly curved, minutely pilose, bearing
a short terminal filament which has a small point at base and curved pointed tip.
Unci approximate, revolute, forming an indistinct basal cylinder. Basal append-
ages stout and approximate, bearing a row of stout seta? at tip.

Larva, Stage IV (see figure of the entire larva, plate 64). — Head rounded,
wide behind, narrowed before eyes, slightly notched at insertion of antenna?,
the front margin broadly arcuate. Antenna? clindrical, slender, rather densely
spined throughout, the tuft moderately large, situated before middle; four
unequal terminal spines, the two larger shortly subapical, a small digit. Eyes
large, transverse, pointed. Both pairs of dorsal head-tufts and the ante-anten-
nal tuft multiple. Mental plate triangular, with central tooth and ten on each
side, becoming larger and more remote basally, the last two small and irregular.
Mandible quadrangular, a few short spines at base ; two filaments near tip ; an
outer row of cilia from a collar; eight filaments on outer edge; dentition of four
teeth on a process, the first longest, a curved spine and large double tooth at base,

AEDES FITCHII

685

a broad serrate filament and seven narrow ones within strongly developed ; proc-
ess below furcate, with patches of hair ; basal angle moderate, four filamentous
hairs within and a row at base. Maxilla ovate, oblique, divided by a band-shaped
suture ; inner half rather evenly hairy, a large tuft at tip ; outer half with a
band of hairs, two small filaments next the suture, a spine on the other side;
palpus rather long, slightly constricted beyond the middle, with four terminal
digits rather unequal in size. Thorax rounded, wider than long ; hairs abundant,
rather long, the subdorsal prothoracic ones longer than the head. Abdomen
moderate, the posterior segments more elongate and less prominent on the
sides; hairs long, lateral hairs multiple on first two segments, double on third to
sixth, longer than air-tube; a series of long subventral and subdorsal double
hairs on third to seventh segments. Tracheal tubes narrow, linear, strongly
angled, especially in the seventh segment. Air-tube rather long and slender,
over four times as long as wide ; stout at base, tapering from basal fourth out-
wardly; pecten reaching nearly halfway, the teeth evenly and closely set; single
tooth a long spine with wide base and four irregular basal branches ; a large
tuft at about middle of tube, beyond pecten. Lateral comb of eighth segment
of many spines in a triangular patch ; single spine elongate, fringed all around
with spinules of which the apical one is a little stouter and longer than the
subapical ones. Anal segment a little longer than wide, the dorsal plate reach-
ing well down the sides, with a small lateral emargination ; dorsal tuft a brush
and hair on either side ; a single long lateral hair; ventral brush well developed.
Anal gills moderate, longer than the segment, tapered.

The larvae occur in woodland-pools in the early spring, hatching from over-
wintering eggs. The development is rather slow, and they consequently prefer
deeper and less temporary pools. The species occurs with abfitchii, and has the
same habits. Both occur in woods-pools and we have found them frequent in
sphagnum swamps, the edges of which were overflowed by the melting of the
snow. Mr. Knab observed that in Saskatchewan the larvae of this species were
usually found associated with those of A. fletclieri, although they were usually
present in still smaller numbers. They developed at the same time with fletclieri
and their growth was equally slow. Mr. Knab has observed the mating habits
and his account of them will be found quoted in volume i, page 131, in the
general consideration of the mating habits of mosquitoes.

North-eastern North America to the Canadian prairies.

Dublin, New Hampshire (A. Busck) ; foot of Mount Holyoke, Massachusetts,
larvae, April 15, 1905 (Dyar and Knab) ; Longmeadow, Massachusetts, April
16, 1905 (Dyar and Knab) ; Springfield, Massachusetts, May 17, 1905 (F.
Knab) ; Plattsburg, New York, larvae, April 24, 1905 (H. G. Dyar) ; Saxeville,
Wisconsin, May 22-29, 1909 (B. K. Miller) ; Elkhorn, Manitoba, June 10, 1907
(T. N. Willing) ; White Biver, Ontario, June 25, 1907 (F. Knab) ; Aweme,
Manitoba, June 5, 1904 (N. Criddle) ; Winnipeg, Manitoba, June 22, 1907 (F.
Knab) ; Oxbow, Saskatchewan, May and June, 1907 (F. Knab) ; Begina, Sas-
katchewan, June 10, 1904 (T. N. Willing).

Our records for A'edes fitchii comprise only the bred specimens and males, as
the females are indistinguishable from those of ab fitchii and stimulans. Pro-
fessor Smith has not found this species in New Jersey, and it is possible that it
has a more northern distribution than its allies. The larvae are undoubtedly
harder to rear than those of either abfitchii or stimulans, which may account
for the apparent rarity of the species.

686

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

AEDES SANSONI Dyar & Knab.

Culex cantans Dyar (not Meigen), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vi, 38, 1904.

Culex cantans Dyar (not Meigen), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xii, 36, 1904.

Aedes vittatus Dyar (in part, not Theobald), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxii, 126, 1907.

Aedes sansoni Dyar & Knab, Can. Ent., xli, 102, 1909.

Original Description of Aedes sansoni:

Closely allied to Aedes subcantans, Felt, but larger and darker in colour, the
scales of the wings entirely black, not intermixed brown and whitish on the costa,
as they are in A. subcantans.

Five specimens, Banff, Alberta, Canada. Collected in the summer of 1908. (N. B.
Sanson.)

Type No. 12195, U. S. National Museum.
Description of Female, Male, and Larva of AiiDES sansoni :

Female. — Proboscis moderate, subcylindrical, flattened, the labellse conically
tapered; vestiture brownish black with a few whitish scales intermixed; setae
minute, curved, black, those on the labellas more prominently outstanding.
Palpi rather stout, short, about one-fourth as long as the proboscis, clothed with
black scales, the tips and the bases of joints with yellowish-white scales ; setae
moderate, black. Antennas with the basal joints somewhat shorter than the
distal ones, the second joint larger and thicker and pale at base, the remaining
joints rugose, blackish, pilose ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical exca-
vation, luteous, darker and with a patch of small whites scales on inner side;
hairs of whorls sparse, black. Clypeus shortly conical, prominent, nude. Eyes
black. Occiput blackish, medianly broadly clothed with narrow, curved, white
scales and many slender, erect, forked, black scales on the nape ; cheeks clothed
with flat white scales and a large quadrate patch of brown ones well up the sides ;
bristles bordering the eyes black, a tuft of pale ones projecting forward at the
vertex.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, blackish, clothed with pale yel-
low scales and black bristles. Mesonotum dark brown, clothed with narrow
curved scales, a broad median stripe of golden brown ones, the anterior margin
narrowly and the whole of the sides of the disk as well as the antescutellar area
with sordid white ones ; bristles moderate, black. Scutellum trilobate, luteous,
each lobe with a group of black bristles and clothed with narrow, curved, sordid
white scales. Postnotum elliptical, short, luteous brown, pruinose, nude. Pleurae
and coxae pale brown, clothed with elliptical white scales and rows of short pale
bristles ; prothoracic epimera white scaled.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, posterior segments tapering ; dorsal vesti-
ture of black scales with a few pale ones intermixed, each segment with a basal
band of creamy white scales, on the sides the bands widen into a wide triangular
spot especially on the sixth and seventh segments ; first segment with a patch
of white scales and many pale hairs ; venter clothed with dull white scales, with
well defined, elongate, median spots of black ones and lateral apical black spots
occasionally forming bands on posterior margins of the terminal segments.
Cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell somewhat shorter
than its cell, that of second posterior cell about as long as its cell ; basal cross-
vein less than its own length distant from anterior cross- vein; scales of the
veins black, no white ones intermixed ; outstanding scales long, broadly linear,
with blunt tips. Halteres entirely pale.

Legs rather slender ; femora clothed with white scales below, black and whitish
ones about evenly intermixed above, the tips narrowly pale; tibiae with black and
whitish scales intermixed, the black ones predominating at apex, the white ones
tending to form a line on outer side of hind pair, the stiff outstanding setae

AEDES SANSONI

687

mostly black; tarsi black, each joint but the last of hind legs with a broad basal
ring of white scales, the first joint with some white scales scattered over the sur-
face ; on the front and middle tarsi the bands are narrow, the last two joints of
the front tarsi and the last joint of the mid ones wholly black. Claw formula,
1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight. Palpi exceeding tbe proboscis by about the length
of the last joint ; end of long joint and the last two joints somewhat thickened
and bearing many long brown hairs; long joint clothed with black scales, pale at
the middle, bases of last two joints with many white scales. Antennae plumose,
the last two joints long and slender, black, rugose, pilose, the others short,
largely pale, the hairs of the whorls long, dense, brown with yellowish-brown
luster. Coloration similar to the female. Wings much narrower than in the
female, the stems of the fork-cells longer ; vestiture sparse. Abdomen elongate,
depressed, the basal segmental bands broader, with dense, long, yellowish lateral
ciliation. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Genitalia : Side-pieces three times as long as wide, rounded at tip ; apical
lobe developed, running as a narrow ridge to the slight expanded basal lobe,
which is without a thick spine. Clasp-filament long, slender, uniform, with a
long articulated terminal spine. Harpes elliptical, concave, revolute on margin,
tip bent. Harpagone.s with a slender stem and long, slightly expanded terminal
filament, nearly as long as stem. Unci forming a basal cylinder. Basal lobes
slender, with long terminal spines.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 118, fig. 408). — Head rounded, widest through eyes;
antenna? rather long, nearly uniform, spinulated, tuft rather small and before
middle; upper pair of head-hairs double, lower pair single, ante-antennal tufts
in fours. Lateral comb of eighth segment of about twenty-five scales in a patch,
each scale with long central spine and fine lateral fringes. Air-tube about four
times as long as wide, tapering considerably on outer half; pecten reaching to
middle, the last two teeth detached, followed by a long four-haired tuft. Anal
segment a little longer than wide, with a dorsal plate reaching well down the
sides ; dorsal tuft a long hair and tuft on each side ; lateral hair small, single ;
ventral brush well developed, with tufts preceding the barred area. Anal gills
longer than the segment, stout, tapering, equal.

The larvae were obtained from eggs laid by a captured female, and their habits
in nature are unknown. It is, however, entirely probable that they are the same
as those of abfitchii and related forms. The adults fly in the woods long after
the larva? have all disappeared, and bite readily by day. They do not frequent
houses.

Mountains of western Canada and the north-western United States.

Banff, Alberta (N. B. Sanson) ; Banff, Alberta, August 16 (R, P. Currie) ;
Kaslo, British Columbia, June 22, July 2, 1903 (H. G. Dyar) ; Juliaetta, Idaho,
April 21, 1899 (J. M. Aldrich) ; Eureka, California, May 22 to June 6, 1903
(H. S. Barber) ; Fieldbrook, California, May 26, 1903 (H. S. Barber).

Dyar and Knab described sansoni from Alberta, from large specimens in
which there are no white scales on the wings nor on the last joint of the hind tarsi.
We have been inclined to hold as distinct certain specimens from California
which have a few white scales in the costal region of the wing and a very narrow
white ring on the last joint of the hind tarsi. We find, however, specimens from
the same locality marked like typical sansoni and others with only a minute patch
of white scales at base beneath, on the last hind tarsal. We are therefore con-
vinced that these all belong to one species. One female from Eureka, California,
has an abundance of white scales on the subcostal vein, but is not other-

688

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

wise distinguishable. We have made preparations of male genitalia from speci-
mens representing the two colorational forms and they agree in every respect.
We have one male from California and three from Idaho, but no larvae from
these localities. We have larvae from British Columbia, but no male. It is
therefore possible, although we think not probable, that there are two species
involved. The species is allied to Aides abfitchii and represents that species in
the West. The genitalia of these two forms are alike, and in view of the fact
that the genitalia are usually diagnostic of species in this group, it might be
preferable to classify A. sansoni as a subspecies of A. abfitchii.

AEDES ABFITCHII (Felt) Dyar & Knab.

Gulex cantans (no. 1) Dyar & Knab (not Meigen), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vi, 143, 1904.

Culex abfitchii Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 381, 1904.

Culicada abfitchii Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 391c, 1904.

Culex siphonalis Grossbeck, Can. Ent., xxxvi, 332, 1904.

Culex abfitchii Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiii, 29, 1905.

Culicada abfitchii Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 475, 1905.

Culex siphonalis Smith & Grossbeck, Psyche, xii, 16, 1905.

Grabhamia abfitchii Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiii, 186, 1905.

Culex siphonalis Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 243, 1905.

Aedes abfitchii Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 193, 1906.

Ochlerotatus abfitchii Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 20, 1906.

Ochlerotatus abfitchii Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Circular 72, 4, 1906.

Culicada abfitchii Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 328, 1907.

Culicada siphonalis Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 330, 1907.

Culex abfitchii Smith, Can. Ent., xxxix, 119, 1907.

Aedes stimulans Dyar (not Speiser), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xi, 149, 1909.

Culicada abfitchii Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 296, 1910.

Aedes abfitchii Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 718, 1910.

Original Description of Culex abfitchii:

Larvae of this species were taken in some numbers at Earner N. Y. in early May,
in association with those of C. f i t c h i i, which latter they closely resemble in gen-
eral form and structure but may be separated therefrom by the one or two isolated
pecten teeth on the air tube, and by the large apical spine of the comb scales being
from one half to two thirds the length of the entire structure. This is the larva
which Messrs Dyar and Knab consider the normal form of Culex cantans Meig.
(Ent. Soc. Wash. Proc. 6: 143). This species proved difficult to rear, though a num-
ber of larva? were obtained.

Original Description of Culex siphonalis:

$?. Head brown, occiput covered with pale yellow scales; antennae brown, basal
joint and two following ones testaceous; proboscis pale brown, with dark brown
scales scattered over the surface, covering the apical fourth; palpi dark brown,
with minute terminal joint oval in form, pointed at the apex and slightly spiny.
Mesonotum covered with pale yellow and brown scales at the sides and with a
median vitta wholly of brown scales, the pale yellow scales sometimes forming a
narrow border to this vitta; scutellum brown, with yellowish-brown bristles on the
posterior margin; metanotum evenly brown; pleura brown, clothed with patches of
dirty white scales; halteres yellowish-white, black at the apex. Abdomen blackish-
brown, with pale yellowish basal bands and extremely narrow apical ones on the
posterior three segments, irregularly merging into the brown, becoming diffused
at the sides until beneath are mixed brown and white scales, the latter predominat-
ing. Legs with coxae yellowish-white; femora with mixed black and white scales,
wholly yellowish beneath and with a white dot at the knee; tibiae blackish-brown,
sprinkled with whitish scales; tarsi black, except the first tarsal joint, this like the
tibiae, narrowly white banded at the base in the anterior and mid feet, save the
fifth joint in the anterior one, posterior feet broadly white banded basally; claws
slender, uniserrated; wings hyaline, petiole of first submarginal cell about half as
long as this cell. Length, 5 mm.

c?. — Palpi brownish, with a pale band in the centre of the basal joint and at the
base of the two terminal joints. Claws all uniserrated. The bands of the abdomen
very broad, mixed with brown scales and tending to cover the entire surface in the
apical segments. Petiole of first submarginal cell almost as long as this cell.
Length, 6 mm. Otherwise as in the female.

AEDES ABFITCHII

689

This species closely resembles Culex cantans, but differs in the median thoracic
stripe, the much more slender claws, its darker colour and smaller size. The larvae
are obviously different from those of cantans, possessing a very long anal siphon,
which has suggested the name.

Described from two females and five males bred from larva? collected at Livings-
ton Park, New Jersey.

Types in the collection of the New Jersey Experiment Station.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes abfitchii:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, subcylinclrical, flattened, the labella? conically
tapered ; vestiture brownish-black with scattered pale scales, most abundant
before the middle; seta; minute, curved, black, those on the labella? more promi-
nently outstanding. Palpi rather stout, short, about one-fourth as long as the
proboscis, clothed with black scales, tips and bases of joints with yellowish-white
scales; seta; moderate, black. Antenna? with the basal joints somewhat shorter
than the distal ones, second joint larger and thicker and pale at the base, the
remaining joints rugose, blackish, pilose; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped
apical excavation, luteous, brown and with a patch of small white scales on the
inner side; hairs of whorls sparse, black. Clypeus shortly conical, prominent,
nude. Eyes black. Occiput blackish, broadly clothed with narrow, curved,
creamy white scales in the middle, a diffused patch of brown ones laterally, and
many slender erect forked black scales on the vertex ; cheeks clothed with flat
white scales, a small quadrate patch of black ones well up the sides at eye-mar-
gin; bristles bordering the eyes black, a tuft of pale ones projecting forward
between the eyes.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, blackish, clothed with pale yellow
scales and black bristles. Mesonotum dark brown, clothed with narrow curved
scales, a broad median stripe of golden brown ones, anterior margin narrowly
and the whole of sides of disk as well as the antescutellar area with pale yellow
ones ; bristles moderate, black. Scutellum trilobate, luteous, each lobe with a
group of black bristles and clothed with narrow, curved, pale yellow scales.
Poetnotum elliptical, short, luteous, pruinose, nude. Pleura? and coxa? pale
brown, clothed with elliptical white scales and rows of short pale bristles; pro-
thoracic epimera clothed with narrow, curved, golden brown scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, posterior segments tapering; dorsal vesti-
ture of black scales with a few pale ones intermixed, each segment with a broad
basal band of creamy white scales and a narrow row of pale scales at tip ; on
the sides the basal bands widen into large triangular spots, particularly on the
sixth and seventh segments; first segment with a large patch of white scales
and many pale cilia? ; venter clothed with creamy white scales and with median
segmental spots of black ones tending to form a longitudinal stripe. Cerci
black.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of the second marginal cell somewhat
shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell about as long as its cell ; basal
cross-vein less than its own length distant from anterior cross- vein ; scales of
the veins black with white ones intermixed, rather evenly distributed, the dark
ones predominating the white ones most conspicuous on the subcostal and first
veins ; outstanding scales long, broadly linear, with blunt tips. Halteres entirely
pale.

Legs moderately slender; femora clothed with creamy scales below, black
and whitish ones about evenly intermixed above, the tips narrowly white ; tibia?
with black'and whitish scales intermixed, the black ones predominating at the
apex, the stiff outstanding seta? mostly black; tarsi black, each joint of hind legs
with a broad basal ring of white scales, the first joint with many white scales
scattered over the surface and tending to form lines; on the front and middle

690

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

tarsi the basal bands are narrow and nearlv obsolete on the last joints. Claw
formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis slender, straight. Palpi exceeding the proboscis by about
the length of the last joint; end of long joint and the last two joints some-
what thickened and bearing many long dark brown hairs ; long joint clothed
with black scales and white ones intermixed, a broad white ring at middle
and near base ; last two joints with many white scales at their bases. Antenna;
plumose, the last two joints long and slender, black, rugose, pilose, the others
short, largely pale; hairs of whorls long, dense, black with yellowish brown
luster. Coloration similar to the female. Wings narrower than- in the female,
the stems of the fork-cells longer, vestiture sparse. Abdomen long, depressed,
the basal segmental bands broader; lateral ciliation long and abundant, pale
yellow. Claw formula, 1.1—1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Genitalia (plate 25, figs. 171 and 172) : Side-pieces over twice as long as
wide, slender ; distal lobe roundedly prominent, continued along the inner mar-
gin narrowly to the basal lobe ; basal lobe quadrately expanded, bearing many
small setae with tubercular bases, but without a stout spine. Clasp-filament
slender, bearing a few small setae outwardly, at the tip a long articulated ter-
minal spine. Harpes slender, concave, the inner margins revolute, hooked at the
tip, the point directed outward. Harpagones with a slender cylindrical base,
curved, minutely pilose, bearing a terminal filament which is nearly as long as
the stem and angularly expanded at middle. Unci approximate, revolute,
forming an indistinct basal cylinder. Basal appendages stout and approximate,
bearing a row of stout setae at the tip.

Larva, Stage IV (see the figure of the entire larva, plate 65). — Head broad,
rounded, wide behind, abruptly narrowed before eyes, slightly notched at inser-
tion of antennae, front margin broadly arcuate. Antennae subcylindrical, slender,
a little thickened near base, spined all over and with a fine serration along inner
side; tuft before middle, moderate; three short terminal spines, a longer one
and a short broad digit. Eyes large, transverse, pointed. Both pairs of dorsal
head-hairs double; ante-antennal tuft multiple. Mental plate triangular, an
apical tooth and twelve on each side, the upper seven rounded and closely set,
the rest pointed and more remote toward base, the last one small. Mandible
quadrangular, with a patch of spines near base; two filaments near tip with a
thorn-shaped basal process; an outer row of cilia from a collar; thirteen fila-
ments on outer edge, those next the collar smaller and feathered ; dentition of
four teeth on a process, the first largest, the third next so ; a filament before, a
tooth with basal notch at base, a broad filament within ; process below rather
widely furcate, with large hair-tufts; basal angle blunt, seven scattered fila-
mentous hairs within ; a row at base. Maxilla elongate hemispherical, divided
by a suture; inner half long-haired, a large tuft at tip; outer half with a patch
of hair toward base, the filaments next the suture moderate ; palpus short, with
four small digits. Thorax rounded, wider than long; hairs abundant, rather
long, the subdorsal prothoracic ones single and as long as the head. Abdomen
moderate, anterior segments short, posterior ones narrow and elongate; hairs
rather long, the lateral ones triple on first two segments, single on third to sixth;
a pair of long subventral hairs on third to fifth segments and long subdorsal ones
on fourth and fifth. Tracheal tubes rather narrow, but band-shaped, narrowed
posteriorly, not markedly angled except in the eighth segment. Air-tube rather
long and slender, stout at base, tapering from basal fourth outwardly, four or
more times as long as wide; pecten reaching less than halfway, the last two
teeth large and detached ; single spine long, Avith wide base and four to six basal

AEDES VITTATA

691

branches; a large tuft at middle of tube beyond peeten. Lateral comb of eighth
segment of many scales in a triangular patch; single scales elliptical, fringed
with long spinules, the terminal one much longer and stouter, as long as the
body of scale. Anal segment about twice as long as wide, the dorsal plate
reaching well down the sides, with a shallow lateral emargination ; dorsal tuft a
brush and hair on either side ; a single long lateral hair ; ventral brush well
developed, long, with small tufts preceding the barred area toward base. Anal
gills moderate, a little longer than the segment, tapered, bluntly pointed.

The larva? appear in pools in the early spring, hatching from over-wintering
eggs. There is but a single brood in the year. The habits, so far as known, are the
same as those of Aedes fitchii, the larva? being of rather slow development and
often found in pools of a more permanent nature. The adult females probably
form part of those that linger in the forests until midsummer, and bite readily
by day. These females will bite as long as they are able to fly, even after they
have deposited all their eggs. They do not tend to enter houses, except perhaps
when these are very close to trees, but in the woods are very troublesome.

Northeastern North America.

Dublin, New Hampshire (A. Busck) ; Springfield, Massachusetts, larva?, May
11, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Longmeadow, Massachusetts, April 16, 1905 (Dyar and
Knab) ; Plattsburg, New York, April 24/1905 (IT. G. Dyar) ; Saxevil'le, Wis-
consin, May 22, 1909 (B. K. Miller) ; White River, Ontario, June 25, 1907 (P.
Knab) ; New Brunswick, New Jersey (J. A. Grossbeck). Reported also from
Earner, New York (Felt).

Only our breeding-records and those from males are given, as captured
females can not be identified ; the coloration varies in such a manner that speci-
mens can not be distinguished from fitchii and stimulans. Mr. Knab did not
take tin's species in Saskatchewan, but we think that is an accident only, for the
species probably has the same range as the others. It is represented in the north-
west by an allied form, Aedes sansoni. We had intended following Dyar in
applying Walker's name stimulans to this species, as it is the commonest of the
three eastern species that are alike as adults and thus most probably the species
Walker had before him when he published the name. However, Speiser had
earlier referred the name to subcantans Felt, and as there is no means of prov-
ing to which species Walker's specimen really belongs, we are obliged to follow
Speiser, as he has priority in restricting the name.

AEDES VITTATA (Theobald) Dyar.

Grabhamia vittata Theobald, Can. Ent., xxxv, 313, 1903.
Grabhamia vittata Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 397, 1905.

Ochlerotatus vittata Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 20, 1906.
Grabhamia vittata, Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 300, 1907.
Aedes vittatus Dyar (in part), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxii, 126, 1907.
Grabhamia vittata Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 284, 1910.

Original Description of Grabhamia vittata:

Thorax clothed with rich reddish-brown scales and with two narrow broken
creamy lines and a few pale scales at the sides, especially over the roots of the wings;
pleura with dense gray scales. Abdomen blackish-brown with basal white bands;
venter white. Legs brown, base of femora pale, remainder of femora and tibiae
mottled with white scales; some of the tarsi with basal white bands; last hind tarsal
black; ungues of 5 all uniserrated; of J all uniserrated.

— Head brown with narrow curved yellowish scales, palest in the middle, with
numerous upright yellow and black forked scales, flat creamy-white lateral scales
with a round patch of flat black ones in the middle of each white area, a pale border
along the eyes, black bristles projecting over them, except in the middle where the
bristles are golden; antennae deep brown, basal joint and base of the second joint
bright testaceous; proboscis deep brown; palpi deep brown towards the apex; joints
testaceous, with a few golden and black hairs, apical joint long, as long as the rest
of the palpi. Thorax deep brown, clothed with bright reddish-brown narrow curved

692

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

scales, a narrow median black line and a narrow line of creamy scales on each side,
also a few creamy scales in front, over the root of the wings and before the scu-
tellum; four rows of long dark bristles on the posterior half of the mesonotum;
scutellum brown with narrow curved pale creamy scales and long dark posterior
border bristles; metanotum pale brown; pleura fawn coloured, densely-white scaled.

Abdomen deep blackish-brown with basal white bands and a few yellow scales on
the apices of the last three segments; border bristles pallid; venter densely clothed
with creamy-white scales. Legs with the coxae pale, with creamy scales; femora pale
basally and ventrally, with scattered brown scales becoming densest towards the
apex, extreme apex with a yellow spot; tibiae brown, mottled with pale scales,
darkest towards the apex and with black bristles; fore metatarsi and first two tarsal
segments with narrow pale basal bands; mid-tarsi the same as the fore; hind legs
with a pale basal band to the metatarsi and first three tarsal segments, last segment
black; all the ungues uniserrated.

Wings with brown scales except on the subcostal vein and one side of the first long
vein, where they are mainly white, and also at the base of the costa; the lateral vein-
scales on the second, third, fourth and apex of the fifth veins long; the first, third
and fifth long veins with darker scales than the remainder; fork-cells short, the first
submarginal cell longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base about
level with that of the latter, its stem slightly longer than half the length of the cell;
stem of the second posterior about the same length as the cell; posterior cross-vein
rather more than its own length distant from the mid cross-vein; fringe dense,
brown. Halteres with pale testaceous stem and fuscous knot.

Length. — 4.2 to 5.5 mm.

<j\ — Palpi brown with a white band at the base of the two apical joints, plume-
hairs brown, yellow opposite the pale basal areas, there is also a pale band on the
long antepenultimate joint, the last two joints of nearly equal length, the apical one
slightly the shorter; apex of the antepenultimate swollen. Antennae with brown
plume hairs tipped with grayish yellow; scales of the head gray. Thorax with looser,
more scattered, reddish-brown scales in the middle, gray ones at the sides. Abdomen
as in the $. Legs banded as in the but the pale basal bands more of a yellow hue.

Fork-cells very small; first submarginal a little longer and much narrower than
the second posterior, its base a little the nearer the apex of the wing, its stem a little
longer than the cell; stem of the second posterior cell also longer than the cell;
posterior cross-vein about one and a half times its own length distant from the mid.

Fore and mid ungues unequal, both uniserrated, the larger mid ungues rather
straighter than the much-curved fore one; hind ungues equal, prominently uni-
serrated. Basal lobes of genitalia very hairy, claspers narrow, thin, terminating in
a longish spine.

Length. — 4.5 to 5 mm.

Habitat. — Pecos Canon, New Mexico, U. S. A.
Time of capture. — June 16th to 29th.

Observations. — A very abundant species, according to Dr. Grabham, caught after
sunset. It varies very much in size, the smallest specimen being 4 mm., the largest
5.5 mm. The has evidently a variable adornment on the thorax and is peculiar in
having the hind ungues uniserrated.

The species can easily be told from any other Grabhamia with banded legs by the
basally-banded abdomen and last hind tarsal being black and the white-scaled sub-
costal and first long vein. G. dorsalis, which it most nearly approaches, has the
abdomen and thorax with different adornment and the legs basally and apically
banded, not basally as in this species. The type is in the British Museum (Nat.
Hist.).

The larva. — Head deep chestnut brown, eyes black, reniform, pale around;
antennae pale testaceous at the base, dark at the apex, terminating in two small
spines and a third larger flattish pointed one, paler in colour; there is also a long
lateral spine about half way down the antenna; mouth whorls bright golden-yellow;
thorax and abdomen pale brown with a double darker dorsal line, the front of the
thorax with four tufts of black hairs in the middle in front, then two separate
hairs and then another tuft on each side, two pairs of long lateral tufts, the first
pair with two single black bristles just behind them and a little more centrally
placed; the first two abdominal segments with large lateral tufts, remainder with
small ones; siphon short and thick, deep brown, about as long as the penultimate and
antepenultimate segments; a few tufts of hair near its base and also a patch of
characteristic spines. The last segment has a single dorsal tuft with a large bristle
below it; the ventral fan rather long and prominent and four ventral small tufts.

Length. — When mature, 9 mm.

The pupa has cylindrical siphons contracted towards the apex, with small, slightly-
oblique, opening; there is a dense median tuft on the first abdominal segment. The

AEDES VITTATA

693

anal fins are large, rounded, with median rib and double-contoured border towards
the base of each fin; a distinct apical dorsal tuft on the last segment.
Length. — 6 mm., with anal fins 6 mm.

Description of Female of Aedes vittata (Laeva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis moderately slender, subcylindrical, flattened, labella1
conieally tapered ; vestiture brownish-black ; seta3 minute, curved, black, those
on the labella} more prominently outstanding. Palpi rather stout, short, less
than one-fourth as long as the proboscis, clothed with black scales, the tips and
bases of the joints with yellowish-white scales; seta? moderate, black. Antenna?
with the basal joints somewhat shorter than the distal ones, second joint larger
and thicker and pale at base, the remaining joints rugose, blackish, pilose; tori
subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, ocher yellow, dark brown on
inner side ; hairs of whorls sparse, black. Clypeus short, convex, conical, nude.
Eyes black. Occiput blackish, broadly clothed with coarse, narrow, curved,
pale-yellow scales, mixed with pale brownish ones at the sides, many erect,
broad, truncate yellowish white scales on the nape, some slender, erect, forked
brown scales toward the sides; cheeks and margins of eyes clothed with flat
white scales, a patch of black ones well up the sides near eye-margin ; bristles
bordering eyes black, a tuft of pale ones projecting forward at vertex.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, blackish, clothed with pale yel-
low scales and black bristles. Mesonotmn dark brown, clothed with narrow,
curved golden-brown scales, the anterior and lateral margins narrowly and two
narrow subdorsal lines as well as the antescutellar area of yellowish white scales ;
bristles moderate, black. Scutellum trilobate, luteous, each lobe with a group of
black bristles and clothed with pale-yellow scales. Postnotum elliptical, short,
luteous, pruinose, nude. Pleurae and coxa? pale brown, clothed with elliptical
white scales and rows of short, pale bristles ; the scales on the prothoracic epi-
mera are yellowish and narrow, like those on the margin of mesonotum.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, the posterior segments tapering; dorsal
vestiture of black scales, each segment with a rather broad basal band of creamy
white scales; on the sides the bands widen into large triangular spots, particu-
larly on the 6ixth and seventh segments; first segment with a large patch of
white scales and many long, pale seta?; venter clothed with creamy white scales
with some black ones intermixed medianly near the hind margins and on the
posterior segments tending to form a longitudinal stripe. Cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell somewhat shorter
than its cell, that of second posterior cell about the same length as its cell ; basal
cross-vein more than its own length distant from anterior cross-vein ; scales of
the veins black with a few pale ones intermixed, most conspicuous on the sub-
costal vein ; outstanding scales long, broadly linear with blunt tips. Halteres
entirely pale.

Legs moderately long, rather slender; femora clothed with creamy scales
below, black and whitish ones about evenly intermixed above, tips narrowly
pale; tibia? with black and whitish scales intermixed, the white ones tending to
form lines, the black ones predominating at apex, the stiff outstanding seta?
black; tarsi black, first four joints of hind ones with a broad basal ring of white
scales, first joint with some white scales scattered over the surface, last joint
wholly black; on the front and middle tarsi the bands are narrow and the last
joint is wholly black. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : "Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

We have no specimen of the male.

Life history and habits unknown.

New Mexico.

Pecos Canyon, June 25 (Grabham and Cockerell).

694

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

The characters of the adult are variable and do not distinguish Aedes vittata
from its allies, stimulans, fitchii, abfitchii and sansoni, and we know neither male
genitalia nor larvae. We therefore hold the species tentatively on the locality
solely. We have three specimens from the original lot from which Theobald
obtained his type-material. One of them has the last joint of the hind tarsi all
black, while another has it distinctly white marked; the third specimen is
broken. The larvae credited to this species by Theobald in connection with the
original description do not belong to it and are obviously those of Culiseta inci-
dens.

AEDES SYLVESTRIS (Theobald) Dyar & Knab.

Culex stimulans Cockerell (not Walker), Proc. Davenport Acad. Nat. Sci., vii, 150,
1898.

Culex stimulans Coquillett (not Walker), U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent, Circ. 40, 2 ser.,
5, 6, 1900.

Culex stimulans Howard (not Walker), U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. 25, n. s.,
19, 20, 1900.

Culex stimulans Howard (not Walker), Mosquitoes, 81, 1901.
Culex sylvestris Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 406, 1901.

Culex stimulans Graenicher (not Walker), Bull. Wise. Nat. Hist. Soc., i, 33, 34, 1902.
Culex sylvestris Smith, Ent. News, xiii, 303, pi. xv, f. 10, 1902.
Culex sylvestris Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., x, 196, 1902.
Culex sylvestris Dyar, Science, n. s., xvi, 672, 1902.

Culex sylvestris Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 142, pi. ii, ff. 1-3, 1903.
Culex sylvestris Johannsen, Bull. 68, N. Y. State Mus., 421, 1903.
Culex sylvestris Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Stat, Bull. 171, 25, 1904.
Culex sylvestris Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 289, 1904.
Ecculex sylvestris Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 391c, 1904.
Culex sylvestris Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vi, 39, 1904.

Culex sylvestris Britton & Viereck, Rept. Conn. Agr. Exp. Stat., 1904, 268, 272, 273,
1905.

Culex montcalmi Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 307, 1905.

Culex sylvestris Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Stat., Rept. Mosq., 248, 1905.

Ecculex sylvestris Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 479, 1905.

Ecculex sylvestris Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 47, 1905.

Aedes sylvestris Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 194, 1906.

Ochlerotatus sylvestris Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 20, 1906.

Ochlerotatus sylvestris Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent., Circular 72, 4, 1906.

Culex sylvestris Theobald. Mon. Culic, iv, 405, 460, 1907.

Culex sylvestris Howard, Osier's Modern Medicine, i, 376, 1907.

Aedes sylvestris Dyar, Proc U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxii, 125, 1907.

Aedes sylvestris Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 216, 1907.

Culex (Ochlerotatus) sylvestris Viereck, 1st Ann. Rept. Comm. Health Pa., 470, 1908.

Culex sylvestris Graenicher, Bull. Wise Nat. Hist. Soc, vii, 56, 57, 58, 1909.

Aedes sylvestris Thibault, Proc Ent. Soc Wash., xii, 18, 1910.

Culex sylvestris Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 347, 1910.

Aedes sylvestris Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 718, 1910.

Original Description of Culex sylvestris:

Thorax deep brown, with thin golden scales, pale in front of the scutellum. Abdo-
men with dusky brown to black scales, with basal bands of pure white, bent in in the
middle, last two segments with apical white bands as well. Legs brown and black,
femora pale beneath and at the base, the metatarsi and some or all of the tarsi with
narrow pale basal bands. Fore and mid ungues of the 9 equal, uniserrated; hind
equal, simple.

$. Head dark brown, densely clothed in the middle with pale golden curved scales
and numerous upright forked ochraceous ones in front, similar black ones behind;
at the sides of the head is a patch of flat black, then flat white scales; antennae dark
brown, basal joint dark testaceous, base of the second joint bright testaceous; palpi
black scaled, the apex with white scales; clypeus dark brown; proboscis with very
dark brown scales, becoming jet black at the tip.

Thorax deep brown, covered with thin curved hair-like golden scales, which
become almost white in front of the scutellum, with four rows of black bristles and
with a tuft of dark brown bristles over the roots of the wings; scutellum deep
brown, with pale curved scales and with a complex row of median border-bristles;
pleurae umber brown, with patches of white scales; metanotum chestnut-brown.

AEDES SYLVESTRIS

695

Abdomen steely-black, covered with dusky deep purplish-black scales, the base of
each segment with a band of pure white scales bent in at the middle, the last two seg-
ments with apical white bands, the penultimate one with apical and basal, the
apical expanded in the middle; first segment deep ochraceous, with light and dark
scales and three patches of pale hairs; posterior borders of the segments with short
pale golden hairs; venter with broad basal white bands and narrow apical lateral
ones, middle of the venter mostly white scaled.

Legs with the coxae pale ochraceous; femora white beneath and at the base, dark
brown above towards the apex, knee spot pale yellowish; tibiae dark brown above,
pale ochraceous beneath; metatarsi and tarsi black above, pale beneath, with narrow
pale basal bands on all the joints in the hind legs, but not on the last two tarsi on the
fore and mid legs; ungues of the fore and mid legs equal, each with a single tooth,
those of the mid legs straighter than those of the fore, hind ones equal and simple.

Wings with brown scales, the lateral ones long and thin; first sub-marginal cell
longer and a little narrower than the second posterior cell, about two and a half
times the length of its stem, which is shorter than the stem of the second posterior
cell, base of the first sub-marginal cell nearer the base of the wing than that of the
second posterior cell, stem of the latter about two-thirds the length of the cell; pos-
terior cross-vein about its own length distant from the mid cross-vein.

Halteres with pale stem and fuscous knob.

Length. — 4.5 to 5 mm.

J. Head dark brown, with pale golden curved scales over the crown, black upright
forked ones behind, with flat white scales at the sides; eyes black and silvery;
antennae handed, brown and dusky white, plumes silky brown; proboscis covered
with black scales; palpi black scaled, the base of the third joint with a broad white
band, its apex dilated, fourth also dilated, its base with a narrow ring of white
scales, hair-tufts deep brown. Abdomen banded much as in the $, but much nar-
rower, and the bands more contracted in the middle, so that it looks almost like two
lateral spots, densely hairy, hairs pale golden; <$ genitalia almost black. Ungues of
the fore and mid legs unequal, the larger with a distinct tooth, and the smaller also
with one at the base, hind ungues equal and simple.

Length. — 4.5 mm.

Habitat— Ontario, Canada (E. M. Walker) (66) ; Manitoba (W. I. Spencer) (19, 1,
1900).

Time of capture. — July and September.

Observations.— A very distinct species, easily told by the abdominal banding and
the head ornamentation from any other mosquito I have seen. It is apparently a
wood species. The specimens bear the following notes on the labels: " Rondeau
Provincial Park, Kent Co., Ontario, from the interior of a sandy wood of white pine
with a few hard woods"; " From grass and low herbs in a wood of sugar, maple,
aspen, balsam and fir"; "From the interior of a wood of walnut, maple, hickory,
oak, and many other hard woods." Another: " Taken at night in oak grove near
Lake Simcoe." A single $ also received from Stony Mountain, Manitoba, has a small
apical patch of white scales on the fourth segment.

Description of Female, Male, Larva, Pupa, and Egg of Aedes sylvestris:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, subeylindrieal, the labellae conically tapered ;
vestiture black with pale yellowish scales intermixed along the middle beneath ;
seta? minute, curved, black, those on the labellae more prominently outstanding.
Palpi short, somewhat club-shaped, about one-fifth as long as the proboscis,
black scaled, the tips and bases of segments with white scales ; seta? rather short,
black. Antennae with the distal joints longer than the basal ones, rugose, pilose,
black ; second joint thickened, pale at base ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped
apical excavation, pale yellow without, blackish within. Clypeus shortly conical,
prominent, blackish-brown, nude. Eyes brownish black. Occiput blackish,
broadly clothed with narrow curved scales, on the vertex pale ocherous and
bronzy brown intermixed, black ones on the sides, many erect forked scales, some
black, some pale ; cheeks yellowish-white scaled, with a quadrate black patch
above ; setae along the margins of the eyes black, a tuft of golden-yellow ones
projecting between the eyes.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with narrow pale yellow
scales and black bristles. Mesonotum dark brown, uniformly clothed with small,
narrow curved, bronzy brown scales, some paler ones around antescutellar

696

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

area and over roots of wings. Scutellum trilobate, luteous, clothed with narrow
pale scales, each lobe with a group of golden-brown bristles. Postnotum ellip-
tical, prominent, dark brown, nude. Pleurae pale brown, coxa? yellowish, clothed
with elliptical, flat, white scales in patches and rows of pale bristles ; prothoracic
epimera with brown scales similar to those on mesonotum.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, the posterior segments tapering; dorsal
vestiture dull black, a band of sordid-white scales at the base of each segment,
nearly divided by a median excision, more markedly so on posterior segments,
lateral margins of segments with an elongate patch of white scales reaching
from near base close to apex and narrowly separated from the basal bands, some
white scales at apical margins of sixth and seventh segments; first segment
with a large patch of yellowish-white scales and with many pale hairs ; venter
clothed with yellowish-white scales, basally on the segments a median row of
elongate black patches, sometimes joined with apical lateral marks into broad
Y-shaped markings. Cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell much shorter than
its cell, that of second posterior cell about equal to its cell ; basal cross-vein about
its own length distant from anterior cross-vein ; scales of veins brownish black,
those on costa and first vein with a blue reflection, the outstanding ones long
and narrowly linear. Halteres whitish.

Legs moderately slender; femora with yellowish-white scales beneath and
mostly black ones above, the extreme tips pale; tibia? clothed with black and
pale yellow scales intermixed, the latter predominating on the inner sides, a
small pale spot at base ; tarsi black, each joint of hind ones with a small yellowish
white basal ring, the first joint with many yellowish scales on inner side ; fore
tarsi without rings on last two joints, mid tarsi without ring on last joint. Claw
formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1, more rarely 1.1-1.1-1.0 or 1.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, moderately long. Palpi exceeding the proboscis
by about the length of the last joint, terminal joints slightly enlarged ; vestiture
black, a white ring at base of each of the last two joints and at middle of the
long joint; end of long joint and the last two joints with many dense black and
reddish brown hairs. Antenna? plumose, the last two joints long and slender,
rugose, pilose, black, the others short, white, with a broad black ring on the
incrassated insertions of the hair-whorls ; hairs of whorls long, dense, brown with
yellowish luster. Coloration similar to the female. Wings narrower than in the
female, stems of the fork-cells longer; vestiture sparse. Abdomen long,
depressed, straight-sided, the white basal bands less incised and broader than
in the female; lateral ciliation long and abundant, pale yellowish. Claw for-
mula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5.5 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 34, fig. 225) : Side-pieces stout, about twice as long as
broad, tips conically tapered, apical lobe absent, basal lobe forming a prominent
angle, large, densely hairy. Clasp-filament obliquely subtruncate, with a short
branch on inner side at apical fourth which bears a rather long articulated spine,
three small hairs at tip and a few minute ones on the surface. Harpes elliptical,
concave, inner margin thickened and revolute, tip pointed and bent outward.
Harpagones absent. Unci small, approximate, the tips attenuated, revolute,
curved inward, serrate on the proximal aspect. Basal appendages undeveloped.

Larva, Stage IV (see figure of the entire larva, plate 66). — Head rounded,
broad, narrowed but nearly straight before the eyes, the front margin broadly
arcuate. Antenna? moderate, subcylindrical, slightly tapered, shortly spined all
over ; a small tuft a little before middle ; a terminal slender spine, a stout spine,
two small digits and one on a pedestal. Eyes large, transverse, pointed. Upper

AEDES SYLVESTMS

697

pair of dorsal head-hairs in threes, lower pair in twos, ante-antennal tufts mul-
tiple. Mental plate triangular, about as long as wide, central tooth rounded,
nine closely set side-teeth, then two more remote and two others distantly
detached. Mandible quadrangular, smooth without; two filaments near tip;
an outer row of cilia ; nine filaments on outer edge ; dentition of four teeth on a
process, the first and third longer, a filament at base and three short remote
teeth, a broad filament and a slender one and three seta? within ; process below
with a small fork and patches of hair; basal angle with three long seta? within ;
five long stout seta? at base. Maxilla elongate hemispherical, divided by a
suture; inner half hairy, a tuft of long hairs at tip, outer half with hairs toward
base and with two filaments near the suture and a spine on the other side ; palpus
small, with some hairs and four minute irregular digits. Thorax rounded, wider
than long; hairs moderately abundant, not long, the subdorsal prothoracic hairs
single and very small. Abdomen stout, anterior segments shorter; hairs short,
the laterals of the first two segments multiple, double on third to fifth, single
on sixth ; secondary hairs minute. Tracheal tubes broad, band-shaped, slightly
expanded in the segments, narrower posteriorly. Air-tube stout, tapered on
apical half, three times as long as wide ; pecten reaching nearly to middle, the
two distal teeth larger and detached ; single tooth a long spine wide at base with
four short branches, the outer one larger ; a small hair-tuft beyond the pecten
near middle of tube. Lateral comb of eighth segment of few scales in an irregu-
larly double row; the single scale with an elliptical body, a long stout apical
spine and short spines fringing the sides. Anal segment as long as broad, the
dorsal plate reaching nearly to ventral line; dorsal tuft a brush and hair on
either side ; a single lateral hair ; ventral brush well developed, with short tufts
toward the base preceding the barred area. Anal gills moderate, ensiform,
longer than the segment.

Pupa (plate 148, fig. 702). — Thoracic mass subpyriform, slightly compressed
behind the head ; small hair-tufts on the anterior part of thoracic dorsum ; air-
tubes short, moderately slender, the tip obliquely truncate ; abdomen stout and
large in proportion to the thorax ; hairs well developed, the subdorsal ones long
on the fifth and sixth segments ; a small tuft at apical angles of eighth segment.

Egg (plate 146, fig. 677). — Subfusiform, less convex on one side than on the
other, the ends roundedly pointed, a small gelatinous cushion at the micropyle ;
sculpture coarsely hexagonal, finer at the ends, elongated in the long diameter.

The larva? live in temporary pools, appearing at intervals all summer when-
ever the pools are filled by rain. In the South the species partakes more of the
character of an early spring species, the majority of the specimens developing
early from over-wintered eggs ; but this may be due to the fact that the summers
are drier, and favorable pools rarer than they are in the North. Professor Smith
has studied the species in New Jersey and says :

" Larva? of this species occur almost everywhere except on the salt marshes
or in positively foul water. They are common in woodland pools, tho second to
canadensis there, and they are dominant in open swamp areas. In the Passaic
Valley, specimens appear in early April and in the Great Piece meadow every
pool will be found loaded with larva? at almost all times. The eggs do not seem
to hatch evenly in Spring and young larva? will be found when there are already
pupa? in the same pool. * * * * As early as May 9th, Mr. Grossbeck found
adults plentiful in the Garret Mountains, near Paterson, and large larva? in the
pools. May 21st, there was a young brood in the pools in the Great Piece
Meadows and in early June, broods were found in the woodland pools along the
Whippany River near Morristown, and in the Orange Mountains. Late in June
full grown larva? were in the pools on the Preakness Mountain, near Paterson,
45

698

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

and before July 1st the adults were out in force. In the Black River Swamp
they were found in the same condition at about the same time and so, on June
30th, mostly pupse were found in woodland pools on the borders of Spring Lake,
near Trenton. July 21st, there was a young brood in the pools surrounding
Lake Hopatcong, and a few days later mature larva? and pupa? were taken every-
where in pools in the Hackensack Valley. The entire Passaic and Hackensack
Valleys were kept under observation during 1903, as were also those large swamp
areas in Essex and Morris Comities and always sylvestris was the dominant
species. Captures of adults sent in from this territory always showed sylvestris
present, and that species breeding in a swamp area at Vailsburgh, become com-
mon in the sendings of adults from Montclair and South Orange.

" From the region of the Delaware the open marsh areas almost always
turned out sylvestris in numbers. Mr. Grossbeck found it the dominant species
between Trenton and Bordentown. Mr. Seal sent it in by the hundred from the
swamp areas near Delair and toward the river. Mr. Viereck found the species
along the Big Timber Creek region and in the marsh areas south of Camden.
He also found it in the Cape May inland swamp region. This is, therefore,
essentially a swamp species, but it does not occur in deep or dark swamps. Mr.
Brakeley never found it in the huckleberry swamps of Lahaway and indeed
rarely sent in the species in any stage, nor did I find it in my cranberry swamp
collections.

" By far the greater number of larvae were taken in permanent water areas,
but many of the woodland pools in which it occurred were temporary in the
sense that they usually dried out before the summer was over. It was never
sent in from gutters or lot rain pools or from foul waters at any time. Mr.
Viereck found it once in a barrel at Cold Spring, Cape May County. In New
Brunswick a brood was found in a lot pool August 12th, larva? being mature and
pupa? already present; a second brood was found September 23d in a similar
stage and there may have been a brood in the interval. This is a low springy
place, which rarely dries out entirely and which fills readily with even a light
rain. The latest collections of larvae were made during the early days of
October, adults emerging about the middle of the month."

Knab, in western Massachusetts, found that the species was most in evidence
late in the summer and in early autumn. He found no larvae early in the spring
and his earliest adults bear the date of June 28. His captures show that the
species was present in some numbers in July and most abundant in September.

The adult females frequent the woods, where they are more or less trouble-
some all the season, but they are not particularly aggressive and do not enter
houses to any extent. Both sexes have been observed by Dr. Graenicher visiting
flowers in numbers to feed on the honey. Prof. Smith remarks that they get
indoors quite readily but only through large openings, and they will not crawl
through screens or crevices. The species is abundant and has an unusually
wide distribution.

North America from Canada to northern Mexico.

Younghall, New Brunswick, July 4, 1908 (A. Gibson) ; Ottawa, Ontario,
June 18, 1906 (J. Fletcher) ; White River, Ontario, June 24, 1907 (F. Knab) ;
Minneapolis, Minnesota, July 22 (T. Pergande) ; Euclid, Minnesota, August 27
(R. P. Currie) ; Aweme, Manitoba, June 25, July 19, 1907 (N. Criddle) ; Win-
nipeg, Manitoba, June 22, 1907 (F. Knab) ; Portal, North Dakota (A. N. Cau-
dell) ; Brookings, South Dakota (J. M. Aldrich^ ; Mitchell, South Dakota,
October, 1902 (E. L. Fullmer) ; Dillon, Montana, August 4, 1908 (R. A.
Cooley) ; Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, August 24, 1906 (Dyar and Caudell) ;
Kaslo, British Columbia, June and July, 1903 (H. G. Dyar) ; Ainsworth, Brit-

AEDES SYLVESTRIS

699

ish Columbia, June 10, 1903 (R. P. Currie) ; Portland, Oregon, July 30, 1906
(Dyar and Caudell) ; Center Harbor, New Hampshire, August 23, 1902 (H. G.
Dyar) ; Tupper Lake, New York, August 6, 1904 (H. G. Dyar) ; Rochester, New
York, June 27, 1901 (W. V. Ewers) ; Ogdensburg, New York, June 3, 1900
(L. O. Howard) ; Beverly, Massachusetts, June 2, 1876 (E. Burgess) ; Jamaica
Plain, Massachusetts, August 25, 1868 ( ) ; Springfield, Massachu-
setts, June 28, 1903 (F. Knab) ; Chicopee, Massachusetts, July 8-2-1, August
28, October 6, 1903 (F. Knab) ; Montgomery, Massachusetts, September 10,

1903 (F. Knab) ; Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, October 14, 1900 (B. G.
Wilder) ; Suffield, Connecticut (G. Dimmock) ; Summit, New Jersey, May 17,
1901 (La Pi. Holmes) ; Elizabeth, New Jersey, October 9 (J. B. Smith) ; New
Brunswick, New Jersey, August 1 (J. B. Smith) ; Short Hills, New Jersey,
May 27, 1906 (N. W. Fenwick) ; Plummer's Island, Maryland, August 19, 1902
(H. S. Barber) ; Washington, District of Columbia, August 17, 1900 (W. B.
Hinds) ; Del Pay, Virginia, June 8, 1903 (F. C. Pratt) ; Urbana, Illinois, Sep-
tember 2, 1904 (F. Knab) ; Eives, Tennessee, July 27, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ;
Athens, Tennessee, August 21, 1904 (II. S. Barber) ; St. Louis, Missouri, Sep-
tember, 1904 (A. Busck) ; Flat River, Missouri, October 25, 1906 (T. Per-
gande) ; Brunswick, Georgia, March 6, 1911 (G. Coester) ; Jacksonville,
Florida, March 2, 1905 (Dyar and Caudell) ; West Tampa, Florida, March 18,
1905 (H. G. Dyar) ; Ormond, Florida, March 16, 1905 (Dyar and Caudell) ;
New Smyrna, Florida, March 21, 1905 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Corinth, Missis-
sippi, August 14, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Westpoint, Mississippi, August 11,

1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Clarksdale, Mississippi, July 31, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ;
Belzona, Mississippi, August 3, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Baton Rouge, Louisiana,
November, 1902 (H. A. Morgan) ; Scott, Pulaski County, Arkansas, August 23,
1909 (J. K. Thibault, jr.) ; Dallas, Texas, September 15, 1905 (F. C. Pratt) ;
Victoria, Texas, May 10, 1904 (E. G. Hinds) ; Alligator Head, Texas, July 10,
1901 (J. D. Mitchell); Denver, Colorado, August (E. S. Tucker); Grand
Junction, Colorado, July 23, 1906 (E. P. Taylor) ; Elsinore, Utah, August 6,
1907 (E. S. G. Titus) ; Albuquerque, New Mexico, September 16 (T. D. A.
Cockerell) ; Pecos, New Mexico, June 26 (Grabham and Cockerell) ; Tacna,
Arizona, April 15 (H. G. Hubbard) ; Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico, May 12 (T.
D. A. Cockerell).

The genitalia of Aedes sylvestris are unique among the species of our fauna.
Dr. Felt has founded a genus upon them, but it is not supported by other char-
acters. The European A cdes vexans Meigen ( Culex vexans, Syst. Beschr. europ.
zweifl. Ins., vi, 241, 1830 ; Blanchard, Les Moustiques, p. 309, gives the syn-
onymy — articulalus Rondani — malaria. Grassi), as we have long suspected,
proves to be identical with our form and both will have to be included under the
earlier name, vexans. Mr. F. W. Edwards of the British Museum has recently
compared male genitalia of American and European specimens and finds them
the same; the coloration characters likewise agree. Unfortunately it is too late
to make the necessary changes and additions in this work, in conformity with
its scope. There is also an African representative in Aedes cumminsii (Culex
cumminsii Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 214, 1903 ; Culicada mediopmnctata Theo-
bald, Mon. Culic, v, 304, 1910; Culicada fuscopalpalis Theobald, Mon. Culic,
v, 307, 1910; Ochlerotatus cumminsi Edwards, Bull. Ent. Res., ii, 248, 1911),
as evidenced by the male genitalia of fuscopalpalis (Theobald, Mon. Culic, v,
309, fig. 143). As already indicated in our description, the structure of the
claws on the hind feet of the female is subject to variation ; it therefore does
not serve for specific diagnosis, as employed by Coquillett (U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, p. 20, 1906).

700

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

AEDES CANTATOR (Coquillett) Dyar & Knab.

Culex sp. ? (Salt marsh), Smith, Ent. News, xiii, 301, pi. xv, f. 12, 1902.
Culex cantans Dyar (not Meigen), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 47, 1902.
Culex cantator Coquillett, Can. Ent., xxxv, 255, 1903.
Culex cantator Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Stat., Bull. 171, 22, 1904.
Culex cantator Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 293, 1904.
Culicada cantator Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 391&, 1904.
Culex cantator Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiii, 28, 1905.
Orabhamia cantator Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 48, 1905.
Culex cantator Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Stat., Rept. Mosq., 231, 1905.
Culex cantator Britton & Viereck, Rept. Conn. Agr. Exp. Stat., 1904, 268. 272, 273,
1905.

Culex cantator Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 629, 1905.

Culicada cantator Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. Stare Mus., 476, 1905.

Aedes cantator Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 200, 1906.

Ochlerotatus cantator Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 20, 1906.

Ochlerotatus cantator Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circular 72, 5, 1906.

Culex cantator Smith, Can. Ent., xxxix, 119, 1907.

Culicada cantator Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 334, 1907.

Culex (Ochlerotatus) cantator Viereck, 1st Ann. Rept. Comm. Health Pa., 471, 1908.

Culicada cantator Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 301, 1910.

Aedes cantator Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 718, 1910.

Original Description of Culex cantator :

Female. Near sylvestris, but the seventh abdominal segment almost wholly
yellow scaled, etc. Head black, oral margin and base of antennae yellow, remainder
of antennas and the proboscis black, palpi brown, its scales chiefly concolorous, no
cluster of white hairs or scales at their apices; narrow scales of middle of occiput
golden yellow, the upright ones chiefly black, sides of occiput covered with depressed
whitish scales and with a small cluster of black ones; thorax reddish brown, scales
of mesonotum golden yellow, becoming pale yellow in front of the scutellum and on
the pleura; abdomen black, Its scales black, except a crossband of yellowish white
ones at base of each segment, the bands considerably narrowed at the middle, similar
scales scattered over the sixth and nearly the whole of the seventh segment and
along apices of the two preceding segments; legs yellow basally, becoming brown on
the tibiae and tarsi, scales of femora chiefly pale yellow, of the tibiae mostly black,
those on the hind side pale yellow, on the bases of the tarsal joints whitish, those on
the second joint of the hind tarsi covering about one-fourth the length of the joint,
front tarsal claws toothed; wings hyaline, lateral scales of the veins long and narrow,
hind crossvein nearly its length from the small crossvein, petiole of first submarginal
cell from one-half to four-fifths as long as the cell; length 4 mm. One specimen
bred May 6, by Mr. LaRue Holmes.

Habitat. — Summit, New Jersey.

I have also examined 8 females and as many males, bred by Prof. J. B. Smith, from
the salt-marshes of New Jersey. In the male the scales of the palpi are black, those
of the under side and at bases of the last two joints yellowish white, no whitish band
at base of the antepenult joint.

Prof. Smith informs me that the larva is readily separated from that of sylvestris.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of AEdes cantator:

Female. — Proboscis moderately slender, subcylindrical, the labella? couically
tapered ; vestiture brownish black ; seta? minute, curved, black, those on the
labellse more prominently outstanding. Palpi short, about one-fifth as long as
the proboscis, black scaled, the tip minutely white ; setae rather short, black.
Antennas with the distal joints longer than the basal ones, rugose, pilose, black;
second joint thickened, pale at base ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical
excavation, pale yellow without, blackish within. Clypeus shortly conical,
prominent, blackish-brown, nude. Eyes brownish-black. Occiput blackish,
broadly clothed with narrow, curved scales, in the middle pale ocherous, on the
sides pale brown, intermixed with many erect, slender forked scales, some black,
some pale ; cheeks dirty white, with a small, triangular black patch well up the
side at eye-margin ; setae along the margins of the eyes black, a tuft of golden
yellow ones projecting forward between the eyes.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with narrow, luteous
brown scales and black bristles. Mesonotum dark brown, uniformly clothed

AEDES CANTATOR

701

with narrow, curved bright bronzy brown scales, yellowish about the antescutel-
lar space, and a short stripe of light scales on either side of it. Scutellum trilo-
bate, luteous, clothed with yellowish scales, each lobe with a group of golden-
brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown, nude. Pleurae
brown, coxa? ocherous yellow, clothed with elliptical, flat, white scales in
patches and rows of pale bristles; epimera of prothorax clothed with bronzy
brown scales similar to those on mesonotum.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, the posterior segments tapering; vestiture
dull black, a broad ill-defined band of dull creamy white scales at base of each
segment, their apical margins very narrowly pale scaled, sixth segment with the
basal band very broad and laterally expanded, the last two segments almost
wholly whitish scaled above, a series of large, lateral, segmentary, basal, tri-
angular whitish patches joined to the basal bands, confluent on distal segments,
first segment white scaled and with many pale hairs ; venter clothed with dull
yellowish white scales, a medio-ventral row of elongate, indistinct black patches.
Cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell much shorter than
its cell, that of second posterior cell about equal to its cell ; basal cross- vein
slightly less than its own length distant from anterior cross-vein ; scales of the
veins brownish black, those on costa and first vein with blue reflection, the
outstanding one long and narrowly linear. Halteres entirely whitish.

Legs moderately slender; femora with yellowish-white scales beneath and
mostly black ones above, extreme tips pale ; tibiae with black and pale yellow
scales intermixed, a small pale spot at base ; tarsi black, each joint of hind ones
with a small yellowish-white basal ring; first tarsal joint of all legs with some
whitish scales on inner side ; last two joints of fore tarsi and last joint of mid
tarsi without pale rings. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis long and slender, straight. Palpi about as long as the pro-
boscis, the terminal joints slightly enlarged ; vestiture brownish black, without
white ring at middle of long joint, some white scales at bases of last two; end
of long joint and last two joints with many dense black hairs. Antenna? plu-
mose, the last two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others short,
white, a broad black ring on the incrassated insertions of the hair-whorls ; hairs
of whorls long, dense, brown with yellowish luster. Coloration similar to the
female. Wings narrower than in the female, stems of the fork-cells longer ; ves-
titure sparse. Abdomen long, slender, depressed, the basal bands broader and
laterally prolonged, the last two segments mostly whitish scaled ; lateral cilia -
tion long, abundant, pale yellow. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 5.5 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 27, fig. 184) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, slender,
curved, apical lobe prominent, rounded, continued along the side-piece to the
base ; basal lobe forming a rounded angle, bearing a stout spine and a group of
small seta?. Clasp filament long and slender, slightly enlarged along middle
portion, with three small spines before the tip and a long terminal articulated
spine. Harpes flat, concave, inner margin thickened and revolute, tips tapered
to a point and bent outward. Harpagones with a long columnar base curved in
an arc, the terminal articulated filament broadly spatulate, slightly angled on
one side at the apical third. Unci approximate, slender, revolute, forming a
rounded-tipped cylinder. Basal appendages small, with a few stout seta?.

Larva, Stage IV (see the figure of the entire larva, plate 67) . — Head rounded,
narrowed before the eyes, a slight notch at insertion of antenna?, front margin
broadly arcuate. Antenna? slender, subcylindrical, tajiering a little, well spined
all over; a small tuft a little before the middle; four spines of different lengths

702

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

at tip and a stout digit. Eyes large, pointed. Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs
and ante-antennal tuft multiple. Mental plate triangular, a central tooth and ten
on each side becoming slightly larger and more remote basally. Mandible quad-
rangular, elongate, a few blunt spinules toward the base ; two filaments near tip,
one of which is short; an outer row of cilia from a collar; ten filaments and two
hairs on outer edge; dentition of three teeth on a prominence, preceded by a
stout tooth with two stout ones at base, a broad filament and five feathered hairs
within ; process below furcate, with groups of hairs ; basal prominence large, with
six filamentous hairs within; five large hairs at base. Maxilla elongate, con-
stricted subapically, the tip truncate, divided by a band-shaped suture ; inner
half with stout hairs on the margin, a row near middle and a long suture ; a
crown of long hairs at tip ; outer half with two long filaments outwardly upon
the suture and a spine on the other side ; palpus with wide base and four minute
digits at tip. Thorax rounded, wider than long ; hairs abundant, not long, the
subdorsal prothoracic ones in fours. Abdomen moderately stout, the anterior
segments shorter; hairs moderate, the laterals of first segment multiple, double
on second to sixth; secondary hairs few, but the subdorsal tufts of third to
seventh segments rather long. Tracheal tubes broad, band-shaped, slightly
expanded in the segments. Air-tube stout, tapered on apical half, three times
as long as wide ; pecten reaching nearly to middle, the teeth evenly spaced, the
single tooth a long spine with wide base and two subdorsal branches ; a multiple
tuft at middle, beyond pecten. Lateral comb of eighth segment of many scales
in a triangular patch ; single scale elongate, fringed with spines of which the
apical one is longest, the subapical ones being only about half as long. Anal
segment longer than wide, the dorsal plate reaching two-thirds of the way down
the sides, straight on lateral margin ; dorsal tuft a brush and long hair on either
side ; a single lateral hair ; ventral brush well developed but short, the tufts pre-
ceding barred area running up the ventral line nearly to base. Anal gills very
short, bud-shaped, about one-third as long as the segment.

The larva? occur in seaside pools and marshes, containing salt or fresh water.
They appear in the pools after the larvae of Aides sollicitans are gone, and also
in pools further from the sea, such as sollicitans does not inhabit. The species
is not found, however, in inland pools. A brood develops whenever the pools
are filled by high tides or by rains. Professor Smith has studied the species in
New Jersey and says :

" Eggs are laid in places and as described for sollicitans. There are more
of them, however, and they are a trifle larger. On the whole, under ordinary
conditions, larvae are found nearer the upland and rarely on the upland itself.
In such cases they are probably from exceptional females developing eggs after
leaving the marsh.

" As to the water, it may be fresh or salt or anything intermediate, but, on the
whole, fresh water pools formed by rains or by drainage from the highland are
preferred. In an exceptional season like 1904, tide pools are just as well filled
as the others.

" The eggs hatch just as readily as those of sollicitans, and when young it is
almost impossible to distinguish the two species. As they become larger the
maculate head of cantator becomes obvious, and then it resembles tceniorhynchxis
so closely that without a lens it is impossible to discriminate between them.
When full grown the shorter tube of the latter species and the somewhat larger
size of cantator give a basis for a distinction which it requires experience to
make. The pupa does not differ obviously from the others with which it is
found.

" As to the number of broods, that depends upon the weather ; but in mid-
summer, when the marshes become egg-covered, every heavy rain or extra tide

AEDES CANTATOR

703

means a developing mass. The early brood hatching in March develops slowly
and irregularly, and while adults begin to emerge early in April, it is not until
the beginning of May that all are out. Larva? of the second series are not found
much before the beginning of June, and they mature during the last days of that
month. Thereafter every pool will have larvae in some stage and every rain will
make some pools. A period of drought followed by a storm and accompanied by
a high tide will produce another general hatching, and so on, as already set out
in the general description of marsh breeding."

The adults fly all summer and are generally troublesome near the sea-coast.
In Maine Dr. Dyar found this practically the only mosquito present in August,
and so numerous on the beach as to prevent one from walking there after sunset.
Like the other salt-marsh breeders, the females of this species fly long distances
inland. In New Jersey Professor Smith had the following experiences :

" This species was not recognized as distinct until 1903, but was confused with
both cantans and sylvestris. It was this fact that prevented its recognition as a
migrant in 1902, when I first met with the species in great numbers and found
it as early as April, the dominant form in South Orange. Sylvestris and cantans
are both known as upland species, hence a local breeding place was sought and
not found. Later in the season the breedings from the marshes turned out this
species in numbers almost equal to sollicitans, from a wriggler much like that of
the latter. At that time I insisted upon the distinctness of the species and,
finally, Mr. Coquillett described it, calling it cantator — perhaps because of its
general resemblance to cantans. In the Spring of 1903, I had abundant oppor-
tunity for observing it. As early as March 23d, larva? were well advanced at the
edge of the Newark Marsh, and adults began to issue during the early days of
April. But it was not until the last days of the month that the bulk of the
brood began to issue, and during the early days of May the migration was on
in full force. May 12th, they had reached South Orange, and by the middle
of the month the entire country was covered with them. A second and much
larger brood became started on the marshes late in May, and before the end of
June was fully a-wing. Migration began during the last days of June and,
north and west, locality after locality was covered to an extent greater than
usual. Sollicitans was also in this swarm which filled the cities and towns
bordering on the marsh as they had rarely been filled before.

" The early brood in the Earitan marshes had not been heavy and few speci-
mens got as far west as New Brunswick; but the same conditions that started
the June brood at Newark started that on the Earitan. Frequent trips by one
or the other of my assistants had kept me fully advised of the developments, and
I anticipated that by July 1st we might get our first supply. It came as
expected; full measure, heaping and overflowing. On the morning of July 2d,
I was met when I stepped outdoors by a famished horde containing sollicitans,
twniorhynchns, and cantator. The preceding evening we had sat comfortably
out on the porch, without disturbance from mosquitoes. The incoming horde
settled the comfort for weeks thereafter.

" This same brood was traced to Plainfield, Dunellen, Bound Brook and
Somerville, where the migratory forms rarely get. How much further they
spread in that direction I do not know, but the Newark swarm was traced to
Summit and Morristown, and may have extended further.

" In 1904 marsh conditions favored the early brood and unusual swarms
developed o*h the Earitan, Elizabeth and Newark meadows early in May ; indeed
the favoring conditions extended all along shore so that by May 10th the whole
marsh area was awing, except along the Shrewsbury, where the work done by the
Monmouth Beach and Eum?on Neck Associations completely annihilated the

704

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

immense brood that was developing. The ditches were completed just in time
to do their work. At New Brunswick the swarm arrived May 12th, and
extended onward. At Newark the invasion was almost unprecedented and com-
pelled the closing of stores in some cases. This swarm not only reached Pater-
son, but covered the Garret Mountain, where Messrs. Dickerson and Grossbeck
found them swarming June 11th. It was reported further that it had extended
to Bernardsville, which is well up in the hills, and far enough back to be beyond
the reach of ordinary migrations. So in the Pines, cantator reached Lahaway
May 17th, weeks ahead of the 1903 record.

" There is one feature in which cantator differs from the other migratory
forms, i. e., both sexes fly together for some distance and occasionally females
with developed ovaries are found far from any point where they can deposit
them with any hope of development. The males are seen for a day or two only,
but they arrive with the females and are evidently able to stand a flight of several
miles at least. In Newark and Elizabeth both sexes may be taken on first arrival
in equal numbers ; at New Brunswick the males are numerous enough to 1 dance '
in small swarms just at dusk. From Lahaway no males have been sent and my
records are not sufficiently complete to give the limit of male flight.

" While, as has been noted, occasional females with developed ovaries are
found at some distance from shore, yet this is a feature only in the early arrivals ;
i. e., they occur during the week or two after a flight and disappear, none being
found during the later days of the brood's stay. Whether they make their way
back to the marshes to oviposit, or whether they lay their eggs in the most
likely place to be found, is not definitely known. As the percentage of such
females is larger in Newark and Elizabeth than in New Brunswick, it is quite
probable that many find their way back, and as an occasional brood of the larva
is found above the marsh line, it is possible that some may lay eggs which in
most instances fail to develop.

" In New Jersey cantator dominates the Newark, Elizabeth and Earitan
meadows early in the season. If the year is favorable, the early start will carry
this dominance to midsummer or even through the summer. At the Barnegat
shore cantator shares with sollicitans the early honors, but becomes steadily less
as the season advances, leaving sollicitans in almost sole possession. At Atlantic
City and Cape May I found no cantator during the period when they were
swarming further north, though the species does occur there in small numbers
throughout the summer. Mr. Brakeley's records show that they must have bred
on the Mullica Eiver marshes in greater number than sollicitans during the
present year; but this is probably the southern limit of their dominance, and in
ordinary seasons it does not extend so far. Just why they should be more
plentiful on the northern marshes I do not know, nor what prevents their devel-
opment along the southern shore.

" In 1903 I found no appearance of cantator dominance south of Sandy
Hook ; in 1904, as soon as the May swarm developed, I sent Mr. Brehme along
the Barnegat shore to Manahawkin, where he found them everywhere, while
I sent Mr. Dickerson to Cape May and went myself to Atlantic City, finding
only sollicitans in both places. Twice, in June, I visited Cape May and at
neither times found cantator.

" Cantator enters houses freely where they are open ; but is easily kept out by
ordinary screening. It does not seek opportunities, but when attracted by light
or the human odor it will come indoors much more readily than sollicitans.
Among the indoor captures by Mr. Buchholz, this species is well represented
throughout the season, scarcely yielding at times to pipiens. It comes to porches
readily enough and does not hesitate about getting into the breeziest corners.

AEDES SQUAMIGER

705

" As a biter, cantator stands in the front rank, and it is persistent in its attack.
It does no unnecessary singing and is not especially deliberate in choosing a
point of attack. It proceeds to business at once, and while its bite is not so
' hot ' as that of sollicitans, i. e., it does not give the intense burning sensation,
it is really more painful and more lasting in its effects.

" It might be added that this species flies during the day and bites when
opportunity offers; but it is not so active as sollicitans in this respect and rises
only when disturbed. It is essentially an evening mosquito."

North Atlantic coast of United States.

Lincolnville, Maine, August, 1907 (H. G. Dyar) ; Melrose Highlands, Massa-
chusetts, May 22, 1908 (F. B. Lowe) ; Weekapaug, Rhode Island, July 22, 1903
(H. G. Dyar) ; New Haven, Connecticut, May 12, 1904 (H. L. Viereck) ; Bell-
port, New York (H. G. Dyar) ; Sheepshead Bay, New York, July 22, 1900 (H.
C. Weeks) ; Center Moriches, New York, September, 1903 (P. Fowler) ; Baby-
lon, New York, July 1, 1903 (W. W. Hewlett) ; Northport, New York, July 7,
1903 (J. P. Heyen) ; Summit, New Jersey, May 6 (La Rue Holmes) ; Salt
Meadows, New Jersey, April 10 (H. Brehme) ; South Orange, New Jersey,
July 20, 1903 (S. Miller) ; Fort Hancock, New Jersey (through C. S. Ludlow).

AEDES SQUAMIGER (Coquillett) Dyar.

Gulex squamiger Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxv, 85, 1902.
Oulex squamiger Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 281, 1904.
Culicada squamiger Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 391c, 1904.
Orabhamia de niedmannii Ludlow, Can. Ent., xxxvi, 234, 1904.
Culex squamifer Blanchard (in part), Les Moustiques, 630, 1905.
Orabhamia niedmanni Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 631, 1905.
Orabhamia de neidmannii Ludlow, Can. Ent., xxxviii, 132, 1906.
Lepidoplatys squamiger Coquillett, Science, n. s., xxiii, 314, 1906.
Lepidoplatys squamiger Quayle, Bull. 178, Univ. Cal. Agr. Exp. Sta., 41, 1906.
Twniorhynchus squamiger Quayle, Can. Ent., xxxviii, 27, 1906.

Lepidoplatys squamiger Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 18, 1906.
Culex squamiger Grossbeck, Can. Ent., xxxviii, 129, 1906.
Acdes squamiger Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxii, 126, 1907.
Lepidoplatys squamiger Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, iv, 501, 1907.
Lepidoplatys squamiger Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, v, 453, 1910.

Original Description of Culex squamiger:

Head and its members black, middle of proboscis brownish, scales of occiput
mixed golden and pale yellow, many black ones along the eyes, palpi black scaled,
those at base, before the middle and at apex white; body black, scales of middle of
mesonotum golden brown, those along the sides and on the pleura pale yellow,
bristly hairs of thorax mostly black, those of scutellum chiefly yellow; scales of
abdomen black, a large patch at base of each segment and several scales scattered
over the remainder pale yellow, scales of venter pale yellow; femora and tibiae
brown, the scales mixed black and yellow, not forming distinct bands, posterior
side of the femora yellow and yellow scaled ; tarsi black, the scales mixed black and
yellow, a band of whitish scales at bases of the last four joints, claws toothed; wings
hyaline, veins yellow, densely covered with rather broad mixed brown and whitish
scales and with many very narrow ones in the apical third of the wing, petiole of
first submarginal cell about two-thirds as long as that cell, crossvein at apex of
second basal cell less than its length from the one above it; halteres yellow, the
knobs marked with brown; length, 5 mm. Four female specimens.

Habitat. — Palo Alto (V. L. Kellogg), and San Lorenzo (G. Eisen), California.

Type— Cat. No. 6256, U. S. N. M.

Original Description of Grabhamia de niedmannii:

Female. — Head dark brown, covered with ochraceous curved scales, ochraceous
forked scales on the occiput, flat ochraceous. with a few brown scales on the sides, a
line of light scales around the eyes, and a few light hairs projecting forward between
the eyes; antennae brown, verticles brown, pubescence light, basal cell sparsely
white-scaled, first joint heavily white-scaled on the inner side; proboscis mostly
light-scaled, a few scattered brown scales, and the very base and tip dark; palpi dark,
with white tips and a white band about two-thirds the way down, probably at the
apex of the second joint, a few white scales at the base; eyes brown; clypeus brown.

706

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Thorax dark brown, the median portion (about one-third the width of the meso-
thorax) heavily covered with golden-brown slender curved scales; just exterior to
this on either side is a very narrow white line extending to the scutellum. There
are also two submedian very narrow white lines extending the whole length of
the mesothorax and curving around the " bare spot." Laterad the mesothorax is
densely covered with broader ochraceous scales, becoming white just over the wing
joint, and directly dorsad of this white spot is a large dark brown spot, suggesting
an " eye spot "; pleura dark brown, heavily scaled with broad curved light ochraceous
to white scales; scutellum dark brown, with ochraceous slender curved scales and
numerous brown bristles; metanotum dark brown.

Abdomen dark scaled, with a few light scales scattered irregularly through the
brown, and a heavy basal white spot very much deepened on the median line, so
that it curves down in the middle, and on some of the segments covers nearly one-half
the segment. There are also heavy basal lateral spots, but not always continuous
with the dorsal spot, which in most instances hardly creates a band. The last few
segments are much less heavily marked, but may have very narrow apical light
bands, which, however, do not usually extend all the way across; light apical
hairs on all segments. Venter mostly light scaled.

Legs: coxa? and trochanters all mostly light scaled. Femora all ventrally light,
but speckled, dark and light scales nearly equally mixed on the dorsal side, the
brown scales preponderating towards the apex, so that the femora are quite dark
near the distal end, but the apex itself has a ring of white scales, which, with a
few at the base of the tibiae, make distinct knee spots; tibiae somewhat darker
than the femora, the dark scales in excess, and growing more so towards the apex;
metatarsi dark, like tibiae, and all basally light-banded, but in the fore legs the
bands are not very distinct. All the tarsal joints basally light-banded, the bands
on mid and fore legs narrow, sometimes minute, and that on the last joint of the
fore legs sometimes missing; on the hind legs the bands are much broader and
conspicuous. All the ungues large, equal and uniserrate.

Wings rather heavily covered with dark and light scales, both median and lateral
scales very heavy and spatulate on most of the veins, but those on the under side of
the wing are narrow. First submarginal cell longer and narrower than the second
posterior, bases nearly on a line; the stem of the first submarginal about one-third
the length of the cell. Supernumerary cross-vein a little longer than the mid, which
it meets at a marked angle: posterior cross-vein also a little longer than mid and
nearly twice its length distant. Halteres light with dark knobs.

Length: 7 mm. Habitat: Benicia, Cal. Taken March, April and May.

While this species lies near vittata, Theobald, and dorsalis, Meig., it differs from
the first in abdominal markings, in white scales on the two veins, etc., and from the
latter also in abdominal markings and in the tarsal banding, which in this species
does not include both sides of the joints.

The specimens were sent in a series of collections by Dr. William F. de Niedmann,
Post Surgeon, Benicia Barracks, Cal.

Description of Female, Male, Laeva, and Egg of Aedes squamiger :

Female. — Proboscis moderate, subcylindrical, uniform, the labellse conieally
tapered ; vestiture black with many dull white scales intermixed which pre-
dominate broadly along the central portion without forming a defined band ;
seta? minute, black, those on the labella? more prominently outstanding. Palpi
short, about one-fifth as long as the proboscis; vestiture of black scales with a
few white ones intermixed, especially at the tips and at the segmentations ; seta?
moderate, black. Antennas moderate, the joints subequal, rugose, black, pilose ;
tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, yellowish, dark on inner
side, with a patch of small yellowish-white scales ; second joint stouter than the
others, yellowish at base ; hairs of whorls sparse, moderate, black. Clypeus
roundedly conical, convex, blackish with a white pruinosity, nude. Eyes black.
Occiput black, broadly clothed with rather broad curved scales, dull whitish
medianly and slightly tinged with brownish toward the sides, with many slender,
erect, forked, black ones ; cheeks clothed with white scales, a small black spot
well up the sides at eye-margin ; seta? along margins of eyes black, those project-
ing between the eyes pale.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, black, clothed with whitish
scales and black bristles. Mesonotum black, densely clothed with rather broad

AEDES SQUAMIGER

707

curved scales, mostly light bronzy brown but intermixed with dull yellowish-
white ones somewhat irregularly disposed along the margins of the disk, about
the antescutellar space and in a pair of narrow longitudinal lines. Scutellum
trilobate, gray, clothed with whitish scales, each lobe with a group of black
bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, blackish with a white pruinosity,
nude. Pleurae blackish, coxae lighter, clothed with patches of broad, flat, white
scales and rows of small dark bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, the posterior segments tapered ; dorsal
vestiture black with a few sordid-yellowish scales intermixed, each segment with
an ill-defined, broad, basal, subtriangular, laterally interrupted, dull white band
and very narrow, rough, apical bands on the distal segments ; seventh segment
mostly pale scaled; sides with a row of white, ill-defined, elongate, basal seg-
mental patches ; first segment with a patch of white scales and many pale setae ;
venter largely white scaled, the posterior lateral angles of segments with a black
spot, these spots smaller on basal segments. Cerci black.

Wings broad, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell shorter than its cell,
that of second posterior cell about equal to its cell; basal cross-vein about its
own length distant from anterior cross-vein ; scales of the veins very broad, tri-
angular, black and white evenly intermixed ; outstanding scales comparatively
small, lanceolate; fringe unicolorous, blackish. Halteres whitish, with a black
white-scaled knob.

Legs moderate; femora largely white scaled intermixed with black ones which
predominate on upper side and towards tip ; knees white ; tibia? black and white
scaled, about evenly intermixed, the hind tibiae blackish at tip ; tarsi white
ringed at base, the first joint largely white scaled beneath and with scattered
white scales above, the other joints black, with a white basal ring; hind tarsi
with the rings rather broad, narrower on the others; last two joints of fore and
last joint of middle tarsi entirely black. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1—1.1.

Length: Body about 5.5 mm.; wing 5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis rather long, straight. Palpi slightly longer than the pro-
boscis, the last two joints thickened, the last broadly club-shaped and flat-
tened ; vestiture black, long joint banded with white at middle, a large subapical
white spot above and another towards base; last two joints largely white scaled
except at tips ; long hairs on last two joints and at end of long joint brown with
yellowish luster. Antennae plumose, the last two joints long and slender, black,
rugose, pilose, the other joints short, white, brown at the enlarged insertions of
the hair-whorls ; hairs of whorls long, dense, brown with yellowish luster.
Coloration similar to the female. Wings narrower than in the female, the
stems of the fork-cells longer ; vestiture less abundant. Abdomen long, slender,
depressed, the segments with broad basal white bands occupying almost half the
segments, a few white scales scattered among the apical black ones, the last two
segments largely white scaled; lateral ciliation abundant, pale yellowish. Claw
formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 7 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 27, fig. 188) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, rounded
at tip ; distal lobe rounded, very prominent, situated subapically, basal lobe quad-
rately expanded, with a large spine and many small setae at the base. Clasp-
filament long and slender, slightly enlarged medianly, serrate, with three small
setae towards tip, a long terminal articulated spine. Harpes elliptical, concave,
inner margins thickened and revolute, apex narrowTed and terminating in a
point which is bent outward. Harpagones with a slender columnar stem slightly
curved, with a stout seta near base and a long terminal filament, its basal half
slenderly ligulate, outer half triangularly enlarged, almost notched. Unci
appi'oximate, revolute, forming a short, broad cylinder with rounded tip. Basal
appendages small, bearing several stout setae.

708

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Larva, Stage IV (plate 122, fig. 422). — Head rounded, widest through eyes;
antennae moderate, uniform, finely spined all over, a small tuft near middle;
both pairs of dorsal head-hairs double, ante-antennal tufts multiple. Lateral
comb of eighth segment of about twenty scales in a diffuse patch. Trachea?
broad. Air-tube stout, about three times as long as wide, slightly tapered out-
wardly ; pecten of evenly spaced teeth reaching over basal third, followed by a
rather large multiple hair-tuft. Anal segment longer than wide, with a large
dorsal plate reaching well down the sides; dorsal tuft a long hair and tuft on
each side; lateral hair long, single; ventral brush well developed, with small
tufts preceding the barred area. Anal gills small, hud-shaped, the lower pair
slightly smaller.

Egg. — Bather thickly fusiform, one side flattened, smooth; micropylar end
rounded and with a small annular cushion. White when first deposited, turn-
ing deep black.

Dr. Dyar obtained eggs from captured females on April 26, 1916. The eggs
are laid singly. The larva? inhabit the pools on the salt-marshes of the Pacific
coast formed by the monthly high tides, having the same habits as those of
Aides onondagensis, race quaylei, with which they occur around San Francisco
Bay. Mr. Quayle says :

" So far as our acquaintance goes with this mosquito ... it is wholly a salt-
marsh form Negative evidence points to the fact that the eggs remain

over winter and hatch in the following February or March [The adult

is] migratory, and while it was not found across the hills toward the ocean, as
was 0. lativittatus [ = A. quaylei], it was found abundantly enough at Burlin-
game and San Mateo, and in the hills at least three or four miles from its breed-
ing ground [It would seem] that the maximum adult life may be

three months. . . . The egg-laying may be prolonged for nearly two months
after emergence ; altogether, our notes on this species indicate that it is longer
lived than the others of this section. Its biting propensities are about as well
developed as the brown marsh species [A. quaylei], and the only thing that pre-
vents its occupying a place of annoyance equal to 0. lativittatus is that it is
fewer-brooded, and consequently less in numbers."

Mr. Quayle further remarks that the great majority of the specimens that
reached the hills did not contain eggs. Dr. Dyar found the larva? associated
with those of Aedes tceniorhynchus in southern California.

Coast region of California.

Oakland, August 26, 1903 (I. McCracken) ; Stanford University (V. L.
Kellogg) ; Stanford University, April 12, 1903 (I. McCracken) ; San Lorenzo,
June 28, 1901 (G. Eisen) ; Nordhoff, May 31, 1904 (A. D. Hopkins) ; San
Diego, March 9, 1906 (J. M. French), March 27, April 20, 26, 1916 (H. G.
Dyar) ; National City, June 19 to July 1, 1906 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Laguna
Beach (C. F. Baker).

At one time a species from the eastern United States, which was afterwards
described as Aedes grossbecki, was confounded with squamiger. Coquillett has
established a genus for squamiger on scale-vestiture characters, but there is
nothing to sustain it, either in the structures of the imago or of the larva.

AEDES GROSSBECKI Dyar & Knab.

Culex squamiger Smith (not Coquillett), N. J. Agr. Exp. Stat., Bull. 171, 37, 1904.

Culex squamiger Smith (not Coquillett), Ent. News, xv, 80, 1904.

Culex squamiger Smith & Grossbeck (not Coquillett), Psyche, xii, 13, 1905.

Culex squamiger Smith (not Coquillett), N. J. Agr. Exp. Stat., Rept. Mosq., 221, 1905.

Culex squamifer Blanchard (in part), Les Moustiques, 630, 1905.

Aedes grossbecki Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 191, 201, 1906.

Culex sylvicola Grossbeck, Can. Ent., xxxviii, 129, 1906.

AEDES GROSSBECKI

709

Lepidoplatys squamiger Coquillet (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11,
18, 1906.

Aedes grossbecki Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circular 72, 6, 1906.

Culex squamiger Howard (not Coquillett), Osier's Modern Medicine, i, 376, 1907.

Lepidoplatys squamiger Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, iv, 501, 1907.

Lepidoplatys sylvicola Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 501, 1907.

Lepidoplatys squamiger Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, v, 453, 1910.

Culex sylvicola Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 612, 1910.

Aedes sylvicola Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 718, 1910.

Original Description of Aedes grossbecki:

The New Jersey specimens identified as " Culex squamiger Coq." by Mr. Coquillett
and published by Prof. Smith we fully believe to be a distinct species. Mr. Quayle
records (Can. ent., xxxviii, 27, 1906) the true squamiger (Coquillett, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., xxv, 85, 1902) as a salt marsh species from the Californian coast, to which it
is no doubt confined. The New York records of " Grabhamia curriei Coq." seem to
refer to the present species. Unfortunately we have not been able to secure Cali-
fornian larva? for comparison, although Mr. Quayle kindly endeavored to supply us.
It is quite possible that the Culex onondagensis Felt (Bull. 79, N. Y. Sta. Mus., 304,
1904) may prove to be this species, in which case our new name may be placed in the
synonymy.

The following is an abstract of the table :

1. Air tube with the tuft beyond the pecten 8

8. Pecten of the air tube with evenly spaced teeth 13

13. Comb scales more numerous to many in a patch 21

21. Anal segment not ringed by the plate 31

31. Tube three times as long as wide or less 32

32. Anal plate covering more than half the segment; anal gills

moderate 33

33. Comb scales tapered, a single median spine stouter or longer,

differentiated from the rest 34

34. Lower head tuft single or double (rarely three) 37

37. Lower head hair double (or three) 38

38. Comb scales with the lateral spines as long as the apical one

grossbecki

Original Description of Culex sylvicola:

?. Length, 6-7 mm. Head brown, occiput clothed with whitish scales and a patch
of brown ones on each side of the median line contiguous to the eyes; antennae
brown, the basal joint and two following ones ochreous; proboscis and palpi blackish-
brown, slightly sprinkled with white scales, the latter with the third joint rather
long, the apical one minute, rounded, white scaled. The dorsum of the mesonotum is
covered with cinereous scales, and a broad, median, dark brown vitta extends
forward from the posterior margin, which becomes narrow anteriorly and golden-
brown in colour; two other dark brown marks extend from the posterior margin not
quite to the middle of the mesonotum, separated from the median vitta by a narrow
line; scutellum cinereous, with brown bristles on the posterior margin; metanotum
evenly brown; pleura brown, with dense, fluffy patches of whitish scales; halteres
yellowish, tipped with brown and white. Abdomen blackish-brown above, with a
few whitish scales intermixed; segments one to five have each a broad yellowish
white band at the base, segments six and seven with an additional narrow apical
band; beneath it is dirty white, with a few brown scales; genitalia brown. Legs
dark brown, femora and tibiae profusely sprinkled with whitish scales, the former
yellowish on the posterior portion and at the knees; claws uniserrated; wings
hyaline, the veins covered with broad brown and white scales, and also some narrow
brown ones on the apical third, petiole of first submarginal cell almost two-thirds
the length of this cell.

cJ. — Palpi dark brown, the first joint whitish at the base, and with a yellow band
in the centre; bases of the two terminal joints also whitish in some specimens; fan-
like tufts brown, with yellow reflections. Abdomen with the bands restricted in the
centre; claws uniserrated; petiole of first submarginal cell almost as long as this
cell.

Genitalia: Clasp elongate, inner margin rounded apically; subapical lobe present,
prominent, projecting laterally, setose; basal lobe well developed, setose, a long spine
arising near it, which is curved at the tip; clasp filament long, curved, two small
setae near the apex, with long apical spine. Harpe jointed, basal sesment curved,
swollen basally; apical segment long, dilated centrally, tip curved. Harpago hood-
shaped, tip bent laterally. Appendage of eighth segment with long setce.

710

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Besides the great differences in the genitalia, sylvicola may be further dis-
tinguished from squamiger by the presence of the cinereous scales on the meso-
notum; by the proboscis being uniformly almost black instead of pale brown, and
by the much darker colour of the femora and tibia.

Described from 21 males and 20 females in the New Jersey Experiment Station
collection.

Habitat: Livingston Park (near New Brunswick), N. J., and Westville, N. J.

This species was first taken in New Jersey, near Paterson, in April, 1903, in the
larval condition; but no adults were bred therefrom. In the following spring they
were again met with in Livingston Park, and in the season of 1905 they were secured
from this locality in some numbers. They were found full-grown as early as April
28th — indicating an egg hibernation — and the last were taken not later than May
17th, though frequent subsequent collections were made. No larvse were ever taken
in any but fresh water, woodland pools; and adults were never seen outside their im-
mediate breeding grounds. After emergence they continue on the wing for a period
of about three months, becoming more and more worn as the season advances.

An account of the life-history of this species as far as known, and a description
of both larva and adult, is given by Prof. Smith in his " Report on Mosquitoes "
(N. J. State Exper. Sta., 1903-04), and also a description of the larva in Psyche, Vol.
xii, p. 13.

A description of the genitalia of G. squamiger is here appended for comparison
with G. sylvicola: Clasp elongate, margins sub-parallel almost to apex, inner margin
rounding abruptly toward apex; subapical lobe setose; basal lobe well developed,
setose, a long spine recurved at the tip arising near it, another stout spine a short
distance above this; clasp filament long, curved, four small setae near the apex, with
long apical spine. Harpe jointed, basal segment comparatively short, apical seg-
ment short, dilated centrally, tip slightly curved. Harpago hood-shaped, tip bent
laterally. Appendage of eighth segment with short seta?.

Description of Female, Male, Lakva, and Egg of Aedes gkossbecki:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, subcylindrical, uniform, the labella? conically
tapered ; vestiture black with some white scales intermixed ; seta? minute, black,
those on the labella? more prominently outstanding. Palpi short, about one-
fourth as long as the proboscis ; vestiture of black scales with a few white ones
intermixed; seta? moderate, black. Antenna? moderate, the joints subequal,
rugose, black, pilose ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, yel-
lowish, dark on inner side, with a patch of small white scales; second joint
stouter than the others, yellowish at base ; hairs of whorls sparse, moderate,
black. Clypeus roundedly subconical, blackish with a white pruinosity, nude.
Eyes black. Occiput black, broadly clothed with rather broad curved scales,
in the middle broadly white and posteriorly with numerous, poorly differenti-
ated, forked white scales, at the sides pale brown and with slender, erect, forked
black scales ; cheeks clothed with flat white scales inclosing a small patch of black
ones well up the sides; setse along margins of eyes black, those projecting be-
tween the eyes pale.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, black, clothed with whitish
scales and black bristles. Mesonotum black, densely clothed with coarse, nar-
rowly lanceolate scales, white and with a dark pattern, consisting of a median,
deep bronzy-brown stripe of very narrow scales, narrow anteriorly and widened
at right angles at the posterior third to occupy nearly the whole surface, leaving
only a narrow white margin, scales on posterior portion of pattern black ; some
white scales around the antescutellar space. Scutellum trilobate, gray, clothed
with lanceolate whitish scales, each lobe with a group of black bristles. Post-
notum elliptical, prominent, blackish with a white pruinosity, nude. Pleura?
brown, coxa? lighter, clothed with patches of broad, flat white scales and rows
of small pale bristles ; epimera of prothorax clothed with brown scales like those
on mesonotum.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, the posterior segments tapering; dorsal
vestiture black with a few white scales intermixed, especially on the apical mar-
gins of the posterior segments, each segment with a very broad basal white band
of ragged outline and joined to lateral basal patches; first segment white scaled

AEDES GROSSBECKI

711

and with many pale seta?; venter largely white scaled, posterior angles black and
on the posterior segments joined to a median black mark. Cerci black.

Wings broad, slightly infuscated, especially on the costa; petiole of second
marginal cell shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell about equal to its
cell ; basal cross-vein rather less than its own length distant from anterior cross-
vein ; scales of the veins very broad, triangular, black and white evenly inter-
mixed, the black ones much the more numerous except on the subcostal vein ;
outstanding scales comparatively small, lanceolate ; fringe unicolorous, blackish.
Halteres whitish, with white scaled black knobs.

Legs moderate ; femora largely white scaled intermixed with black ones, which
predominate on upper side and towards tip ; knees white ; tibia? black and white
scaled nearly evenly intermixed, hind tibia? blackish towards tip; tarsi black
with white basal rings, first joint with many yellowish white scales intermixed,
particularly at base and beneath, the other joints black with a broad white
basal ring; fore and middle tarsi with narrower rings, the last two joints of the
fore and the last of the middle ones entirely black. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5.5 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis moderate, straight. Palpi longer than the proboscis, the
last two joints thickened ; vestiture black, the long joint broadly banded with
white at middle, a large white mark near base and at apex; last two joints
largely white scaled except at tip ; long hairs at end of long joint and on last two
joints black and yellowish. Antenna? plumose, the last two joints long and
slender, black, rugose, pilose, the others white, brown at enlarged insertions of
hair-whorls; hairs of whorls long, dense, brown with yellowish luster. Color-
ation similar to the female. Wings narrower than in the female, the stems of the
fork-cells longer, the vestiture less abundant. Abdomen elongate, depressed,
straight-sided, the segments more heavily banded with white at base; lateral
ciliation long, abundant, pale yellowish. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 7 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 27, fig. 187) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide,
rounded at tip ; distal lobe rounded, very prominent, situated slightly sub-
apically, basal lobe quadrately expanded, with many small seta? and a stout spine
at the base. Clasp-filament long and slender, slightly enlarged medianly, serrate,
with three small seta? towards tip, a long terminal articulated spine. Harpes
elliptical, concave, inner margins thickened and revolute, apex narrowed and
terminating in a point which is bent outward. Harpagones with a slender col-
umnar stem, slightly curved, with a stout seta near the base and a long terminal
filament, broadly spatulate with a slender tip. Unci approximate, revolute,
forming a narrow, slender cylinder with rounded tip. Basal appendages small,
bearing several stout seta?.

Larva, Stage IV (see figure of the entire larva, plate 69). — Head rounded,
widest through eyes, a notch at insertion of antenna?, the front margin broadly
arcuate. Antenna? slender, slightly curved, well spined, a small tuft a little
before middle ; three irregular spines, a stout spine, and a digit on a pedicel at
tip. Upper pair of dorsal head-hairs in fours or fives, lower pair in threes ;
ante-antennal tufts multiple, large. Mental plate long and triangular, with a
central tooth and ten on each side, the basal ones more remote and pointed.
Mandible quadrangular, spined outwardly at base; two filaments before tip; an
outer row of cilia from a collar; a dense row of filaments on outer margin ; den-
tition of four teeth on a process, the first the longest; a broad spine before, a
double tooth at base, a broad, smooth filament and row of feathered filaments
within; process below widely furcate, with a row of hairs on outer margin and
a tuft at tip of each limb ; basal angle distinct ; a row of hairs with one detached
within and a basal row. Maxilla subspherical, divided by a suture ; inner half
with a row of stout spines on margin, becoming long towards apex and replaced

712

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

by hairs at base, two rows of cilia within ; a tuft of long hairs at tip ; outer half
with two filaments near apex, a long spine close to the apical tuft and a short
one below on the margin; surface covered with long hairs; palpus moderate,
rounded, with four small irregular apical digits. Thorax transverse, rounded ;
hairs abundant but rather short, the prothoracic subdorsal ones in twos. Skin
smooth. Abdomen rather long; hairs moderately developed, the laterals in
twos on segments three to six, the subdorsal ones simple and rather long on seg-
ments four and five. Tracheae broad. Lateral comb of eighth segment of many
scales in a patch. Air-tube rather slender, about four times as long as Avide,
tapered outwardly ; pecten reaching beyond basal third, of evenly spaced teeth,
a small tuft beyond, near middle. Anal segment longer than wide, the dorsal
plate reaching half-way down the sides, its lateral margins excised ; dorsal hairs
a long hair and a tuft on each side ; lateral hair small, single. Ventral brush
well-developed, the barred area preceded by a series of smaller tufts. Anal gills
longer than segment, tapered.

Egg (plate 147, fig. 683). — Fusiform, slightly flattened on one side, the
sculpture of hexagonal reticulations elongated lengthwise, black, a gelatinous
cushion at the micropylar end.

The eggs are laid separately. The species apparently has but a single brood,
the larva? appearing in the spring in transient puddles. Professor Smith's
experience with this species in New Jersey, known to him at the time as Culex
squamiger, is as follows :

" Full-grown larvae were found by Mr. Grossbeck, April, 1903, near Paterson,
with canadensis. The larvae were recognized as distinct, but were not bred.
April 25th, Mr. Van Duersen brought in four well grown larvae from swampy
woods near New Brunswick ; but these also failed to develop. May 2d, another
lot of mixed larvae was brought in, mostly canadensis. Pupation began May 3d,
and a male squamiger emerged May 8th, though possibly not from the first pupa.
Additional collections were made May 16th, mostly pupae and mostly canadensis;
but in two days fourteen specimens, nearly equally divided as to sex, were bred
out. Though this territory was collected over many times later in the season
and several other species were found, no further trace of squamiger appeared.
It is probable, therefore, that only one brood occurs, and that very early in the
season. Nothing is known of the egg-laying habits nor of the method of hiber-
nation, but from their early date of appearance and their constant association
with canadensis, it is probable that the eggs winter like and with those of its
associate."

Professor Smith further remarks that the period through which the female
imagos have been found indicates an individual life of about three months. The
species is rare.

Eastern United States from New Jersey to Mississippi.

New Brunswick, New Jersey, May 17 (J. A. Grossbeck) ; Livingston Park,
New Jersey, May 5 (J. A. Grossbeck) ; Elizabeth, New Jersey, May 28, 1906
(D. S. Carmody) ; Baltimore, Maryland (T. H. Coffin) ; Grassymead, Virginia,
June 19, 1906 (F. Knab) ; Natchez, Mississippi, April, 1903 (A. Fleming).

Aedes grossbecki was for some time considered identical with A. squamiger of
the Pacific Coast. It is however abundantly distinct in coloration of the imago,
structure of the male genitalia and larva, and in habits. Professor Smith, in
figuring the male claws, shows two teeth on one of the front claws ; in our only
male specimen, a cotype of sylvicola, all the claws are armed with but a single
tooth.

AEDES RIPARITJS Dyar & Knab.

Aedes riparius Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 213, 1907.
Aedes riparius Gibson (in part), Rept. Ent. Soc. Ontario, 1908, 109, 1909.
Aedes riparius Theobald, Mon. Culic. v, 485. 1910.

AEDES RIPARIUS

713

Original Description of Aedes riparius:

J. — Proboscis slender, dark scaled with a sprinkling of lighter yellowish scales,
particularly towards the base; palpi short, dark scaled, with the apex and the
median segments lighter scaled; occiput yellow scaled with brassy luster, a large
brown spot on each side of the middle and another one well down the side; protho-
racic lobes yellow scaled; mesonotum bright ferruginous brown with silky luster, at
the bases of the wings and on the antescutellar area light yellow scaled, two subme-
dian narrow longitudinal yellow lines reach the base on each side of the antescutellar
area; scutellum yellow scaled, the setae abundant and concolorous with the scales;
metanotum brown; postscutellum clothed with dull yellowish white scales and with
pale hairs; abdomen clothed principally with light scales above, at the bases of the
segments the scaling is dull yellowish white and shades off into a light ferruginous on
the lighter scales, on the apical two-thirds of the segments there is a strong sprink-
ling of dusky scales which becomes predominant on the second, third and fourth
segments, beneath the abdomen is entirely yellowish white scaled; legs with the
femora and tibiae pale ochreous scaled with a sprinkling of blackish scales which
becomes very heavy at the apices, particularly on the tibiae; tarsi black, with very
broad basal yellowish white rings. Claws all toothed. Wing-scales brown, heavily
sprinkled with yellow ones in the costal region, the scales long and narrow. Length
5.5 mm.

J. — Palpi slightly longer than the proboscis, clothed with dusky and yellowish
scales, which latter tend to form bands, the apical half densely clothed with brown
and pale ferruginous hairs with a silky luster; abdomen long and slender, the apical
half depressed, the marginal cilia long and dense, pale yellow. Length, 6 mm.

Sixty-eight specimens, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (F. Knab), found along the
banks of the Assiniboine River, among the trees. The female bites both by day and
night.

Type.— No. 10875, U. S. National Museum.
Description of Female and Male of AiiuEs riparius (Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis moderate, uniform, the labellae conically tapered ; vesti-
ture black intermixed with dull yellowish-white scales which almost form a band
on central half; setae minute, curved, black, those on the labellae more promi-
nently outstanding. Palpi short, about one-fourth as long as the proboscis,
clothed with black and a few whitish scales at apices of joints ; setae moderate,
black. Antennae with the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black, the second joint
somewhat larger, brown at its base ; hairs of whorls sparse, moderate, black ;
tori subspherieal, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, brown, on inner side
shading to black and with a patch of small white scales. Clypeus rounded tri-
angular, prominent, dark brown, nude. Eyes black. Occiput black ; vertex
densely and broadly clothed with narrow, curved scales, golden yellow in the
middle, a patch of brown ones laterally, a black quadrate spot well down on tin1
side, on vertex many slender erect truncate or notch-tipped black scales, the
median ones pale; cheeks clothed with flat yellowish white scales.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with golden-brown
scales ancT black bristles. Mesonotum blackish brown, clothed with narrow,
curved scales, bright reddish golden brown medianly, straw-colored on the sides
and around the antescutellar space, broadly over the roots of the wings and in a
narrow stripe each side of the antescutellar space. Scutellum trilobate, clothed
with narrow, curved pale golden scales, each lobe with a large group of pale
bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, brown, nude. Pleurae brown, coxae
luteous, clothed with elliptical flat white scales; prothoracic epimera clothed
with golden brown scales similar to those on mesonotum.

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly ; dorsal vestiture of pale brown-
ish-yellow and black scales, the segments black scaled in the middle, pale at
bases and tips, with many pale scales scattered throughout the black portion,
the pale scales largely predominating on the last two segments ; first segment
white scaled and with many pale setae; venter almost wholly dull yellowish white
scaled, an indistinct, ragged, median black line in some specimens. Cerci black.

Wings moderate, slightly infuscated ; petiole of second marginal cell shorter
46

714 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

than its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell ; basal cross-vein
distant less than its own length from anterior cross- vein ; scales on costa and
first veins small and narrowly triangular, black and yellowish-white evenly
intermixed; on the other veins the outstanding scales are long, broadly linear to
narrowly ligulate, almost wholly blackish, a few pale ones intermixed. Halteres
pale.

Legs moderately long ; femora yellowish-white scaled beneath, black and whit-
ish evenly intermixed above; knees yellowish-white; tibias similar, with more
black scales, these predominating on upper side, the pale ones forming a line on
inner surface, hind pair black at tips ; hind tarsi with second to fifth joints black
and broadly white-ringed at bases, first joint not distinctly ringed but with the
yellowish scales predominating nearly to tip; pale rings on front and middle
tarsi narrower, the last joint wholly black. Claw formula, 1.1—1.1—1.1.

Length : Body about 5.5 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis slender and straight. Palpi slightly exceeding the pro-
boscis, slightly swollen apically ; end of long joint and the last two joints with
long black and yellowish hairs ; vestiture of black and pale scales intermixed, the
black scales predominating at apices, the pale scales at bases of joints ; long
joint black with a distinct median white ring and patches of white scales towards
base and subapically. Antennae plumose, the last two joints long and slender,
rugose, pilose, black, the others short, pale, with dark, enlarged, annular inser-
tions of hair-whorls; hairs of whorls long, dense, brown with yellowish luster.
Coloration similar to the female. Wings narrower than in the female, the stems
of the fork-cells longer, the vestiture sparse. Abdomen elongate, depressed, the
pale scales yellowish white and massed basally and laterally; lateral ciliation
long, abundant and pale. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 6 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 26, fig. 179) : Side-pieces three times as long as wide,
rounded at tips; apical lobe developed, separated from basal one; basal lobe a
long stout conical prominence, densely setose, without a thick spine. Clasp-
filament long, slender, uniform, with three small setas outwardly near tip and a
long articulated terminal spine. Harpes elliptical, margins revolute, tip pointed
and bent. Harpagones with long, slightly curved columnar stem and terminal,
long and rather broad filament of nearly uniform width. Basal appendages
small, rounded, bearing stiff spines.

The larval habits have not been observed, but the data indicate development
in the snow-water pools of early spring. Mr. Knab, at Winnipeg, found males
still present late in June and the females abundant and in fresh condition; they
were taken in woods along the banks of the Assiniboine Biver. The females bite
both by day and night.

Manitoba and central northern United States.

Winnipeg, Manitoba, June 21 and 22, 1907 (F. Knab) ; Aweme, Manitoba,
June 2, 1904, June 24, 1907 (N. Criddle) ; Saxeville, Wisconsin, June 2, 1909
(B. K. Miller).

AEDES EUEDES, new species.
Aedes riparius Gibson (in part), Rept. Ent. Soc. Ontario, 1908, 109, 1909.
Description of Female and Male of Aedes euedes (Larva Unknown) :

Female— Proboscis moderate, uniform, the labellae conically tapered ; vesti-
ture black, with a sprinkling of lighter scales ; setse minute curved, black, those
on the labellae more prominently outstanding. Palpi about one-fourth as long
as the proboscis, clothed with black scales and some scattered white ones, the
setae moderate, black. Antennae with the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black,
second joint somewhat larger, pale ferruginous ; hairs of whorls rather short,
sparse, black ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, luteous,
on inner side shading to brown and with a patch of small white scales. Clypeus

AEDES EUEDES

715

rounded-triangular, prominent at base, dark brown, nude. Eyes black. Occi-
put piceous, clothed with narrow curved scales, creamy- white in the middle,
brown at the sides, many erect truncate or notch-tipped scales, the median ones
pale, those at sides dark ; sides and cheeks clothed with flat yellowish white scales
and enclosing a small brown patch.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with whitish scales and
black bristles. Mesonotum dark brown, clothed with narrow curved scales,
creamy-white, a median dorsal stripe of golden brown ones, hardly one-third the
width of disk, reaching back to the antescutellar space; some golden-brown
scales intermixed laterally among the creamy ones ; the lateral margins narrowly
golden-brown scaled. Scutellum trilobate, clothed with creamy white scales,
each lobe with a group of pale brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent,
brown, nude. Pleura? brown, coxa? luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat, white
scales ; prothoracic epimera clothed mostly with narrow, curved, yellowish scales,
like those on sides of mesonotum.

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly; dorsal vestiture of dirty yel-
lowish white and dull blackish scales, the pale scales tending to form indistinct
basal and apical bands on the segments, and also scattered among the black ones,
on some segments showing a tendency to form a median stripe; first segment
with a patch of creamy white scales and many pale setae ; venter almost wholly
pale-scaled. Cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell shorter than its cell,
that of second posterior cell about equal to its cell; basal cross-vein distant less
than its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales on the veins dark brown
with dull yellowish white ones intermixed on all the veins, the pale ones most
abundant on subcostal and first veins, the outstanding scales broadly linear to
narrowly ligulate. Halteres pale, with dark knobs.

Legs moderate ; femora creamy-white scaled beneath, black and white inter-
mixed above, darker towards apices ; knees yellowish white ; tibiae clothed with
pale yellow and black scales, the latter predominating dorsally; tarsi black
with white basal rings ; first joints with yellowish scales predominating on basal
two-thirds, but not distinctly ringed ; hind tarsi with broad white rings at bases
of all the joints ; front and mid tarsi with moderate basal white rings and the
last joints all black. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5.5 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis long, slender and straight. Palpi exceeding the proboscis
by nearly the length of the last joint ; end of long joint and last two joints some-
what swollen and densely clothed with long brownish-yellow hairs ; vestiture of
black and creamy scales intermixed, the black scales predominating at apices, the
pale scales at bases of the joints ; long joint with a median pale ring and a pale
spot near base and subapically. Antennae plumose, the last two joints long and
slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others short, pale, with dark annular enlarge-
ments at insertions of hair-whorls ; hairs of whorls long, dense, golden and
brown. Coloration similar to the female. Wings narrower than in the female,
the stems of the fork-cells longer, the vestiture sparse. Abdomen elongate,
depressed, the pale scales more numerous ; lateral filiation long, pale brown.
Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 7 mm. ; wing 5.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 28, fig. 191) : Side-piece three times as long as wide, tips
rounded ; apical lobe developed, prominent, rounded ; basal lobe large, flat,
scarcely at all raised, covered with small sehe arising from tubercles, and without
stout spine. Clasp-filament moderate slender, uniform, with three setae on out-
side near tip and a terminal long articulated spine. Harpes elliptical, with
revolute margins, tip thick and hooked. Harpagones with long slender stem

716

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

and terminal filament nearly as long as the stem, the filament slightly widened
in the middle. Unci forming a small basal cylinder with two points. Basal
appendages small, rounded, with several stout setae.

Type : No. 12272, TJ. S. Nat. Mus.

Life history and habits unknown.

Eastern Ontario, Canada.

Ottawa, June 1 and 11, 1900 (J. Fletcher) ; Trenton, Ontario, May 24, 1900
(J. Fletcher).

Aides euedes is closely allied to Aedes riparius, but differs in the color of the
scales on the mesonotum. We have received it from eastern Ontario only,
riparius occurring farther west.

AEDES EUOCHRUS, new species.
Descbiption of Female of Aedes euochrus (Male and Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis moderate, uniform, labellaa conically tapered ; light fer-
ruginous, the vestiture of ocherous yellow scales; setae minute, curved, yellow.
Palpi about one-fourth as long as the proboscis, clothed with ocherous yellow
scales, the apices whitish, the seta? moderate, pale. Antennae with the joints
subequal, rugose, pilose, brownish yellow, second joint somewhat larger, ocher-
ous ; hairs of whorls rather short, sparse, light brown ; tori subspherical, with a
cup-shaped apical excavation, luteous brown. Clypeus rounded triangular,
prominent at base, luteous brown, nude. Eyes black. Occiput brown, clothed
with narrow, curved, light ocherous scales; many erect, slender, forked, light
ocherous scales ; cheeks with broad flat whitish scales ; hairs along margins of
eyes brownish yellow, those projecting between eyes yellowish white.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, light brown, clothed with lanceo-
late pale scales and yellow-brown bristles. Mesonotum light ocherous brown,
clothed with lanceolate, curved, pale-ocherous scales, paler around the antescu-
tellar space, and with brownish yellow setae, which are abundant above roots of
wings. Scutellum trilobate, clothed with narrow, curved, whitish scales, each
lobe with a group of yellowish brown bristles. Postnotum light brown, elliptical,
prominent, nude. Pleura? light brownish yellow, coxae luteous, with patches of
elliptical whitish scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly ; dorsal vestiture of dull ocher-
ous scales, the segments with very broad, ill-defined, basal bands of dull creamy-
white scales, but slightly paler than the general coloring, dilated at sides of
segments to near apical angles, fourth segment nearly wholly pale scaled ; venter
creamy-white scaled. Cerci brown.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell considerably
shorter than the cell, that of second posterior cell about equal to its cell ; basal
cross- vein distant slightly more than its own length from anterior cross-vein;
scales of veins ocherous yellow, the outstanding ones ligulate, denser and
slightly broadened towards apex of wing. Halteres pale, with yellowish knobs.

Legs moderate, ocherous-yellow scaled ; femora paler beneath and at base ;
tarsal joints with narrow whitish rings at their bases, obsolete on last two joints
of front and middle pairs and on last joint of hind ones. Claw formula,
1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 6 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Type : No. 12057, U. S. Nat. Mus.

The larva and the life history and habits are unknown.

British Columbia.

Popcum, August 2, 1903 (J. Fletcher).

Described from a single female sent by Dr. Fletcher, pinned on the same pin
with two specimens of a black-legged Aedes allied to lazarensis, which we are
not able to identify positively.

AEDES FLUVIATILIS

717

AEDES TESTACEUS (van der Wulp).

Culex testaceus van der Wulp, Tidschr. voor Ent. (2), x, 128, 1867.
Culex testaceus Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 310, 1900.
Culex testaceus Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 409, 1901.
Culex testaceus Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 418, 1902.
Culex testaceus Blanehard, Les Moust, 274, 1905.

Ochlerotatus testaceus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 21, 1906.
Culex testaceus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 347, 1910.

Original Description of Culex testaceus:

Testaceus ; thorace subvittato ; abdomine linea laterali nigricante; pedibus lute-
scentibus; alis immaculatis. J long. 2% lin.

Kop donkerbruin; schedel en achterhoofd met grove, bruine beharing. Sprieten
lichtbruin, zwartachtig geringeld; de vederbos lichtbruin met bleekgelen weerschijn.
Zuiger langer dan de kop en thorax, in 't midden lichtbruin, aan den wortel en de
spits donkerder. Voelers lichtbruin, de spits der geledingen donker; het tweede lid
het langst, ongeveer een derde langer dan het eerste; de beide laatste leden ieder ter
halver lengte van het tweede lid; van digt voor de spits van het tweede lid tot een
weinig voor het uiteinde is aan de onderzijde eene aaneengeschakelde, digte, vrij
lange beharing van donkerbruine kleur, met bruingelen weerschijn; van boven en
aan de uiterste spits eene borstelige, minder digte beharing. Thorax van boven
donker geelbruin; de schubachtige beharing, waarvan de topjes goudgeel zijn,
wijzigt eenigzins de grondkleur en laat een paar onduidelijke langsstrepen vrij;
het schildje deelt in de kleur en beharing van den thorax; borstzijden en achterrug
geelbruin; boven de achterste heupen een vlekachtige, geelachtig witte weerschijn.
Achterlijf platgedrukt, geelbruin, aan wederzijden met zwartachtige zijstreep, die
vooral aan de laatste ringen duidelijk wordt en daar ook eenigzins eenen achterzoom
vormt; de laatste ring bijna geheel zwartbruin; de tang korter dan die ring, geel-
bruin; beharing des achterlijfs matig lang en digt, geelachtig. Pooten en kolfjes
vrij helder bruingeel. Vleugels met geelachtige tint; de aderen en schubben licht-
bruin; de bovenste basaal-cel langer dan de onderste.

Aides testaceus is autoptically unknown to us. The larva and the life history
and habits are unknown.
Eeported from Wisconsin.

Van der Wulp describes this species from a male taken in Wisconsin. His
description is unrecognizable and was apparently drawn from a badly abraded
specimen. He makes no mention of pale rings on the legs. We think that Theo-
bald's identification of a female from Ontario, with pale rings at the bases of
the first two hind tarsal joints, with this species is a somewhat violent one, and
we prefer to let the name stand unidentified. The only hope of definitely identi-
fying the species is by a study of the genitalia of the type-specimen. We are
unable to determine from Theobald's description what species he had before
him under the name testaceus.

AEDES FLUVIATILIS (Lutz).
Culex fluviatilis Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq., do Brasil, 42, 72, 1904.

Culex fluviatilis Lutz, Imprensa Medica, Nov. esp. de mosq. do Brasil, species no. 3,
1905.

Gualteria fluviatilis Lutz, Imprensa Medica, 65, note, 1905.

Hwmagogus fluviatilis Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 166, 1906.

Danielsia mediornaculata Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 245, 1907.

Culicada fluviatilis Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 342, 1907.

Aedes lithoecetor Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 201, 1907.

Danielsia mediornaculata Peryassu, Os Culicid. do Brazil, 174, 1908.

Oualteria fluviatilis Peryassu, Os Culicid. do Brazil, 45, 181, 1908.

Acdes lithoecetor Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., lii, 64, 1908.

Danielsia mediornaculata Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 244, 1910.

Acdes lithoecetor Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 599, 1910.

Culicada fluviatilis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 302, 1910.

Gualteria fluviatilis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 607, 1910.

718

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Original Description of Culex fluviatilis:

Macho: Comprimento total 6 mm., menos a tromba que tern quasi 2 mm.

Tromba — Preta, delgada, de grossura egual, com apex ligeiramente entumescido,
coberta de escamas pouco salientes escuras mas com brilho de bronze e pellos muito
flnos, curtos e espagados, um pouco mais desenvolvidos nos labellos, que tern brilho
de bronze ou prata; um pouco mais curto do que o abdomen.

Palpos — Maiores do que as antennas, porem um pouco mais curtos que a tromba,
de cor escura mais bronzeada na extremidade; os 3 ultimos articulos com a base
branco-amarellada no lado dorsal e, no ante-penultimo, tambem do lado ventral, o
segundo articulo maior com muitas escamas brancas tanto em cima como em baixo,
os dous ultimos e o apex do antepenultimo guarnecidos de pellos compridos e escuros
e com brilho de bronze claro na extremidade.

Antennas — Toros ochraceos um pouco ennegrecidos; muito plumosas, os pellos
escuros com brilho prateado, os ultimos articulos sem pellos maiores, eguaes ao resto
das antennas; os 2 ultimos articulos, principalmento o penultimo, muito compridos,
com pellos flnos prateados, de comprimento quasi egual ao resto das antennas; na
face interna da base dos toros e dos flagellos ha uma cor de marfim velho; os seg-
mentos com anneis articulares mais claros.

Clypeus — Preto.

Occiput — Fundo escuro, na linha mediana com escamas fusiformes estreitas com-
pridas e curvadas, mais para traz tornam-se misturadas com outras mais compridas
erectas espatuladas com ponta bifurcada; para fora as escamas tornam-se largas e
espatuladas com o apex alargado e arredondado; a cor das escamas e amarella com
brilho ora esbranquigado ora dourado claro e, as vezes, bronzeado mais ou menos
escuro.

Prothorax — Pellos claros e escamas Claras obovaes de cor creme.

Mesonotum — Fundo pardo com brilho desnudado; ha 3 linhas castanho-escuras
das quaes a mediana e mais pronunciada; macroscopicamente o mesonotum 6
dourado na metade, ou nos % anteriores e mais escuro para traz; as escamas sao
aconchegadas, fusiformes, estreitas, compridas e curvadas; nos % anteriores cor de
ouro claro, no Vs posterior sao menos abundantes e em parte mais escuras, com
brilho bronzeado; ha, porem, entre ellas alguns feixes de escamas quasi brancas.

Scutellum — Escamas quasi brancas, havendo no lobo mediano pelo menos 8 pellos
grossos e compridos.

Metanotum — Liso, castanho escuro, mas com brilho claro.

Pleuras — Com 5 a 6 pequenos grupos de escamas chatas largas, de forma oboval
ou espatulada e cor branca nacarada; outras escamas eguaes existem na parte
anterior das coxa?.

Abdomen — Em cima, uma estria mediana clara interrompida, formada por
manchas lineares as vezes alargadas na base e occupando % dos segmentos; ha uma
indicacao de faxas transversaes basaes estreitas, mais apparentes nos primeiros
segmentos.

Pelo resto as escamas sao escuras com brilho azulado, sendo os pellos terminaes
dos segmentos de cor amarella clara; em baixo predominam escamas chatas, branco-
amarelladas, mas ha faxas escuras terminaes, finas no meio e lateralmente alargadas,
a medida que se approximam da extremidade posterior; a parte branca, mais larga
na base dos segmentos, e limitada por uma linha em zig-zag pouco regular.

Azas — Escamas do typo de culex, bastante aconchegadas; a primeira cellula for-
queada mais comprida e estreita que a segunda; o primeiro pedunculo quasi a
metade, o segundo egual ao comprimento da cellula respectiva; veias transversaes
a e b encontram-se em angulo muito obtuso, aberto para a base, da qual c se ap-
proxima por pouco mais do seu comprimento.

Halteres — Esbranquicados; capitulo com escamas brancas.

Pernas — Escuras, sendo os femora branco-amarellados na base e em baixo ate
alem do meio; todos os articulos tern uma faxa clara situada na parte articular distal,
com excepgao dos joelhos onde ambas as extremidades sao branco-amarelladas; os
metatarsos um pouco mais claros, principalmente do lado inferior. Unhas dos dois
pares anteriores, desiguaes: todas com dente basal; as do ultimo par, eguaes e
pequenas.

O segundo articulo do apparelho prehensivo do macho e formado por uma pinga
muito fina, comprida e curvada. A femea mostra as differencas usuaes nos palpos,
antennas, unhas e partes sexuaes.

A.s larvas, de habito palustre, conhecem-se facilmente pela estructura do tubo
respiratorio — curto, largo e conico, mais curto do que os appendices bronchiaes. Na
base comegam duas series de 3 a 18 deutes, com algumas pontas, conforme a idade;
mais para cima de cada uma destas series ha um feixe formado por 8 pellos, dis-
tinctamente pennados. A pelle e lisa; as antennas muito simples e curtas sao de todo
escuras e a sua ponta nao alcanga a base dos styli prae-orales.

AEDES FLUVIATILIS

719

Original Description of Danielsia mediomacxjlata:

Head pale creamy grey with a brown area at each side; proboscis and palpi dark
brown. Thorax with bright creamy grey scales, almost silvery. Abdomen deep
brown with a median pale area on each segment, uniting with one another to form
a median pale line. Legs deep brown with narrow basal pale bands. Fork-cells of
wings short. Male palpi brown, nearly as long as the proboscis.

$. Head clothed with rather loosely appressed flat creamy scales, and then towards
the eyes a broad line of brown ones on each side, around the eyes a rim of narrow-
curved creamy ones and some narrow-curved ones behind in the mid region, a num-
ber of pale ochreous and brown upright forked scales behind; the occipital scales
show a median parting and divergent opening in front; chaetae pale golden-brown;
proboscis deep brown, also the short, thick palpi, which show bronzy reflections;
antennae brown, base of second segment bright testaceous.

Thorax rich brown clothed with bright creamy narrow-curved scales rather
irregularly disposed and with golden-brown chaetae; scutellum with similar scales
and brown border-bristles; metanotum deep brown; pleurae brown with patches of
flat pale creamy scales.

Abdomen deep blackish-brown, each segment with a median pale creamy area,
which all unite to form a median pale line, and with basal lateral pale creamy spots;
first segment pale testaceous with a median patch of creamy scales and two lateral
patches of black scales, border-bristles pale.

Legs deep brown, femora pale at the base and beneath, the fore and mid legs bare,
pale bands at the base of the first tarsals and involving the joints of the next two
tarsals and to some extent the third, in the hind legs the banding is more pro-
nounced and extends to the last tarsal, which is dark apically; fore and mid ungues
equal and uniserrate, hind equal and simple. The leg banding is mainly basal, but
to some extent involves both sides of the joints — knee spots present.

Wings with short fork-cells; the first sub-marginal considerably longer and nar-
rower than the second posterior cell, its base nearer the base of the wing, the cell
about two and a half times the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior two-
thirds the length of the cell; posterior cross-vein parallel with the mid, a little more
than its own length distant from it.

Halteres thick, with pale stem and fuscous knob.

Length. — 5 to 5.8 mm.

J1. Head-scales paler, almost white, with two black patches and dark at the sides,
scales and parting just as in $. Palpi deep brown, with a trace of a pale band
towards the base, the two apical segments nearly equal and with dense brown hair-
tufts, also on the apex of the antepenultimate segment; proboscis black, thin, just a
little longer than the nalpi.

Legs as in the $; fore and mid ungues unequal, uniserrate, hind equal and simple.
Claspers of the genitalia long with a long thin apical segment, curved up over the
back.

Length. — 5.5 mm.

Habitat— Para, Brazil (Dr. Goeldi).

Observations. — Described from a perfect £ and J sent in a collection by Professor
Goeldi.

It is a very marked species, easily told by the median abdominal spots, which form
a more or less pronounced median pale line.

The character of the d genital claspers turning up also seems characteristic, and
the banded legs at once separate it from the somewhat similar albifasciatus of
Macquart. '

Original Description of Aedes lithcecetor:

$. — Proboscis moderately long, rather slender, black scaled; palpi short, black
scaled; occiput clothed with pale-yellowish scales, narrow curved ones on the
vertex, flat ones on the sides, a small black patch on the lower part of the side;
mesonotum with the anterior two-thirds clothed with shining light-yellow scales, a
dark patch in front of the sides, posterior portion varied with blackish and pale-
yellowish scales, a patch at the side separated by a yellow stripe running from the
middle to the base of the wing; scutellum yellow scaled; pleura dark with patches
of white scales; mesonotum deep brown, nude; abdomen black-scaled above with
median basal elongate creamy spots on all the segments, which however do not unite
to form a stripe, segments with lateral triangular basal white patches, beneath the
abdomen is mostly creamy white with black apical lateral triangular marks; legs
black, knees yellow scaled, tarsi with narrow yellowish-white basal rings, the ring
at the base of the second tarsal of the hind legs slightly involves the apex of the
first joint; fork-cells rather short, scales of the veins all dark, claws of front and
mid legs toothed, of hind legs simple. Length, 5 mm.

720

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

c?- — Palpi slightly shorter than the proboscis, hairy on the apical portion, the two
apical segments light ringed at their bases; abdomen with distinct basal white
bands on the second to fourth segments, on the succeeding segments broken into
three spots, the median spot becoming elongate on the sixth and seventh segments,
lateral cilia abundant, pale. Length, 4 mm.

Five specimens, Chagres River, Panama (August Busck, collector), bred from
larvae in pot-holes along the river.

Type.— No. 10868, U. S. National Museum.

Apparently nearly allied to Danielsia tripunctata Theobald and to Danielsia
mediomaculata Theobald, the abdominal marking differing from the former and the
thoracic marking differing from the latter. We would place Danielsia Theobald as
a synonym of Aedes in our classification.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes fluviatilis :

Female. — Proboscis rather long and slender, uniform, the labellse conically
tapered ; vestiture black ; setae minute, curved, black, those on the labellas more
prominently outstanding. Palpi one-fifth as long as the proboscis, black scaled.
Antenna? moderate, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black, second joint
slightly enlarged, yellowish; hairs of whorls short, sparse, black; tori sub-
spherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, luteous, a patch of small white
scales on inner side. Clypeus rounded triangular, elongate, dark brown, nude.
Occiput broadly clothed with narrow, curved, dull creamy somewhat lustrous
scales and some erect forked ones on the nape of the same color, a few black
erect forked scales laterally; sides and cheeks clothed with flat creamy scales
enclosing a large diffuse patch of darker ones; bristles along margins of eyes
black, those projecting between the eyes pale yellow.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with pale scales and
black bristles. Mesonotum dark brown, clothed with narrow, curved, straw-col-
ored scales with silvery luster over anterior two-thirds and containing two small
wedge-shaped brown stripes anteriorly, posterior third deep bronzy brown, more
or less distinctly divided into patches by four lines of pale scales, the two larger
patches on the sides reach to roots of wings ; antescutellar space surrounded by
pale scales. Scutellum trilobate, clothed with narrow curved pale scales, each
lobe with a group of brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark
brown, nude. Pleurae and coxa? brown, clothed with elliptical, flat white scales
and a few pale bristles ; prothoracic epimera clothed with bronzy brown scales
like those on mesonotum.

Abdomen subcylindrical, depressed, tapering towards tip ; dorsal vestiture of
black scales with violet and bronzy reflection, each segment with a narrow
median elongate patch of whitish scales, the patches forming a median stripe,
broken at apices of segments, the spots on last two segments nearly continuous ;
also more or less distinct basal segmental pale bands, sometimes wanting,
generally joined to a series of large, pure white, lateral patches ; venter yellowish
white scaled.

Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell about one-half as
long as its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell ; basal cross- vein
distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales of veins blackish
brown, the outstanding ones broadly linear, long. Halteres whitish, with black
knobs.

Legs moderate, rather slender; vestiture brownish black; front and middle
femora broadly whitish beneath basally, hind femora wholly pale on basal half ;
knees whitish ; hind tarsi with narrow white rings at bases of all the joints ; first
joint narrowly white marked at apex; two last joints of fore tarsi and last of
mid tarsi not ringed. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis moderately long, straight. Palpi three-fourths as long as
the proboscis ; apex of long joint and last two joints slightly swollen and bearing
many long, coarse, black hairs ; vestiture bronzy-black with a few whitish scales

AEDES NUBILUS

721

dorsally at bases of last two joints, no pale ring at middle of long joint.
Antenna? plumose, the last two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the
others short and slightly thickened at insertions of hair-whorls; hairs of whorls
long, dense, brown with yellowish luster. Coloration similar to the female.
Wings not much narrower than in the female, the stems of the fork-cell about
the same ; vestiture less abundant. Abdomen elongate, depressed ; basal bands
a little broader than in the female, the series of median spots obsolescent; lateral
ciliation abundant, rather short, brown. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-0.0.
Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Genitalia (plate 32, fig. 215) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, tips
rounded ; apical lobe undeveloped ; basal lobe very slight, indicated by a row
of seta?. Clasp-filament long, slender, uniform, slightly expanded just at base,
with a long articulated terminal spine. Harpes broad, with revolute margins
and bent pointed tip. Harpagones with columnar, minutely setose base, and
long terminal filament, much longer than the basal column, slightly expanded
outwardly. Unci forming a basal cylinder.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 117, fig. 401). — Head rounded, widest through eyes;
antenna? rather small, slender, weakly spinulated, a. double hair at middle;
upper pair of dorsal head-hairs in threes, lower pair in twos, ante-antennal tufts
of six hairs. Lateral abdominal hairs double on third to sixth segments. Trachea?
broad. Lateral comb of eighth segment of many scales in a large patch, each
scale evenly spinulated around its apical margin. Air-tube more than three
times as long as wide, thickest near base, somewhat tapered ; pecten of fine dense
teeth reaching to near middle, followed by a large, multiple hair-tuft. Anal
segment longer than wide, with a dorsal plate extending well down the sides,
irregular on its lateral margin ; dorsal tufts a long hair and tuft on each side ;
lateral hair single, small, at the angle of the plate ; ventral brush well developed,
confined to the barred area. Anal gills about as long as the segment, equal,
tapered.

The larva? live in the water in pot-holes and hollows in rocks along the beds
of streams. Peryassu states that he took the larva? in brackish water, but does
not say whether or not in a rock-hole. Mr. Jennings took the larva? in salt and
brackish pools in rocks above high-tide level as well as in fresh water along
streams. Mr. Knab found them in fresh water in depressions on bowlders in a
stream-bed, associated with Aides epactius and Culex pinarocampa.

Forested regions of tropical America, along rivers and sea-coast.

Cordoba, Mexico, lame January 4, 1008 (F. Knab) ; Bluefields, Nicaragua
(W. F. Thornton) ; Caldera Island, Porto Bello Bay, Panama, January 4, April
8, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Chagres River, Panama, May 20, 1907 (A. Busck).
Reported also from City of Rio de Janeiro, State of Alagoas, State of Sao
Paulo on the margin of the rivers Grande and Mogyassu, City of Bahia, Brazil
(Lutz, Peryassu) ; Para, Brazil (Theobald).

AEDES NUBILUS (Theobald).

Theobaldia atripes Neveu-Lemaire (not Culex atripes Skuse), Arch. Parasitol., vi,
615, 1902.

Culex nubilus Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 208, 1903.
Culex nubilus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 629, 1905.

Ochlerotatus nubilus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 19, 1906.
Culex nubilus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 361, 1910.

Original Description of Culex nubilus:

Head, thorax, abdomen and legs deep dusky brown; the abdomen with basal
lateral dull creamy spots and dull creamy venter; thorax with small bronzy-brown
scales. Legs and proboscis unhanded.

$. Head dusky brown, with dusky narrow-curved scales behind, deep ochraceous
ones in the middle in front and pale ochraceous ones around the eyes, black upright
forked scales at the sides and behind, ochraceous ones in the middle in front; pro-

722

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

boscis and palpi deep brown, the latter rather thick; antennae deep brown, except
the basal joint and base of the second joint, which are bright testaceous, basal joint
with black bristle-like hairs on the inside.

Thorax deep dusky brown, with narrow-curved scattered bronzy scales, with
numerous black bristles in front and a few over the roots of the wings; scutellum
brown, with numerous large and small border-bristles to the mid lobe; metanotum
brown; pleurae brown, with patches of grey scales. Abdomen entirely covered with
dusky-black scales, the segments with more or less marked yellowish-grey basal
lateral spots; border-bristles dusky; venter with dull creamy grey scales and traces
of dusky apical bands. Legs entirely brown, except the coxae and bases of the
femora, which are pallid grey; ungues large, equal, all three pairs with a very large
tooth.

Wings very slightly brown, with typical brown Culex scales; the fork-cells short;
the first sub-marginal a little longer and narrower than the second posterior, its base
about level with that of the latter, its stem about half the length of the cell; stem
of the second posterior about two-thirds the length of the cell; posterior cross-vein
longer than the mid, about two-thirds of its own length distant from it; halteres
with pale ochraceous stem and slightly fuscous knob.

Length. — 5 to 6 mm.

Habitat. — British Guiana (Dr. Low).

Observations. — Described from five $?'s. They were taken in the bush on the
Pomeroon mission and on the Christianburg River. The species is very distinct and
can at once be told by the bristly basal antennal joint, its general dusky-brown ap-
pearance and markedly serrated ungues. One specimen shows the brown proboscis
very dark at the apex. It bears some resemblance to Gilesia aculeata, Theobald.

Dr. Low tells me it is a common forest species widely distributed in virgin forest
in British Guiana.

Description of Female of Aedes nubilus (Male and Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis moderate, subcylindrical, very slightly expanded at tip;
vestiture black ; setae minute, curved, black, those on the labellae more promi-
nently outstanding. Palpi short, about one-fifth as long as the proboscis,
slightly enlarged at tip, clothed with black scales and rather long black
bristles. Antenna? with the joints subequal, black, rugose, pilose, second joint
slightly stouter, yellow at base, somewhat bristly ; tori subspherical, with a cup-
shaped apical excavation, brownish yellow with a brown spot on inner side on
which there are a number of short sete; hairs of whorls rather long, sparse,
black. Eyes purplish-black. Clypeus short, elliptical, prominent, blackish
brown, nude. Occiput brown, clothed medianly with narrow, curved, sordid
whitish scales, a large quadrate patch of flat, dull black ones at the sides, the
cheeks and the margins of the eyes silvery white scaled ; many erect forked black
scales on the nape.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, dark brown, with a few pale
scales and black bristles. Mesonotum dark brown, uniformly clothed with nar-
row, curved, dark bronzy brown scales, a short row of silvery ones on either side
of the small antescutellar bare space. Scutellum trilobate, clothed with narrow,
shining white scales medianly, a few small black ones laterally, each lobe with a
group of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, sordid ochraceous
brown, nude. Pleuraa blackish brown, coxae luteous, with patches of flat white
scales and rows of short brown bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, the posterior segments tapered; dorsal
vestiture dull black without luster, somewhat brownish in the centers of the
segments, a series of white, triangular lateral patches at bases of segments,
larger posteriorly and dorsally visible on segments 5, 6 and 7; first segment
black scaled and with many pale setas ; venter yellowish white scaled, with nar-
row, apical, black segmental bands, faint in some specimens. Cerci black.

Wings rather broad, hyaline, faintly infuscated; petiole of second marginal
ceil about half as long as its cell, that of second posterior shorter than its cell ;
basal cross-vein about its own length distant from anterior cross-vein ; vestiture
dark brown, the outstanding scales narrowly ligulate. Halteres whitish, with
black knobs.

AEDES SPENCERII

723

Legs rather long and slender ; femora pale yellowish beneath, black above and
at tip ; tibiae and tarsi black with a slight greenish luster ; extreme tips of tibiae
yellowish on the inner side ; base of first tarsal joint of hind legs yellowish on
inner side. Claw formula, 1.1—1.1—1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Life history and habits unknown.

Tropical America.

Santo Domingo, West Indies, August, 1905 (A. Busck) ; Trinidad, June, 1905
(A. Busck) ; Bupununi, British Guiana (K. S. Wise) ; Bocas del Toro, Panama,
September 28, 1903 (P. Osterhout) ; Bluefields, Nicaragua (W. F. Thornton).
Keported also from Counani, French Guiana (Neveu-Lemaire) .

AEDES SPENCERII (Theobald) Dyar.
Culex spencerii Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 99, 1901.
Culex spencerii Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 431, 1902.
Grabhamia spencerii Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 250, 1903.
Grabhamia spencerii Ludlow, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xi, 143, 1903.
Culex spenceri Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vi, 41, 1904.
Grabhamia spencerii Theobald, Genera Ins., Dipt., fasc. 26, 23, 1905.
Culex spenceri Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 277, 1905.
Grabhamia spenceri Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 397, 1905.

Ochlerotatvs spenceri Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 18, 1906.

Grabhamia spenceri Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 285, 1907.

Aedes spenceri Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxii, 125, 1907.

Aedes spenceri. Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 216, 1907.

Aedes spenceri Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., 1, 541, 1908.

Grabhamia spencerii Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 290, 1910.

Original Description of Culex spencerii:

Thorax black, with narrow golden curved scales in the middle, the sides with
broader, creamy-coloured ones, and two short, parallel paler lines behind and more
pale ones in front of the scutellum. Abdomen covered with creamy and white
scales, with large, black-scaled patches on each side of the middle line. Legs
brown, pale scales scattered about on the tibiae and metatarsi; femora mostly pale
ochraceous, with a few black scales; ungues uniserrated.

$. Head brown, with pale golden curved scales and yellowish upright forked ones;
a pale border round the eyes, small, flat, creamy scales at the sides, and then flat
dark ones; antennae black, basal joint with a large tuft of pale scales on the inside;
second joint testaceous at the base; palpi densely black scaled, sometimes grey
towards the tip.

Thorax black, covered with narrow, golden-brown scales in the middle, the sides
with rather broader creamy-coloured scales and two short, parallel, paler lines of
scales behind, running half across the mesothorax, and similar pale ones in front
of the scutellum; dense golden bristles over the roots of the wings; scutellum dark
brown, with pale, curved, creamy scales and golden bristles; metanotum deep brown;
pleurae dark brown, with dense white scales.

Abdomen covered with black and creamy-white scales, the white predominating,
the black scales forming more or less distinct lateral patches, indistinct on the last
few apical segments; the posterior borders with very pale golden scales; venter
white scaled.

Legs unhanded; coxae and femora pale ochraceous, almost white, a few black
scales above and at the apex; knee spots small, white; tibiae covered with pale
brown, ochraceous, and dull white scales, with black bristles, dark towards the apex;
metatarsi and tarsi bronzy-brown, a few white scales towards the base of the former;
fore and mid ungues black, with a sharp, short, blunt tooth near the base; hind
ungues also with small teeth.

Wings with yellowish veins and black and white scales as follows: costa (except
at the base), first, second, and fifth long veins dark scaled, also the apices of the
fork of the second posterior cell, the others with pale creamy-yellow scales; first
sub-marginal cell very short, a little longer and about half the width of the second
posterior cell; its base nearer the apex of the wing than the base of the second
posterior cell; its stem equal in length to the cell; stem of the second posterior
longer than the cell; posterior cross-vein about its own length distant from the mid
cross-vein. Halteres ochraceous with a slightly fuscous knob.

Length. — 4 mm.

Habitat— Manitoba, Canada (W. I. Spencer) (19. 1. 1900).

Time of capture. — July.

724

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Observations. — Four specimens of this species have been received. One shows
considerable abdominal variation, the white scales being dotted irregularly over the
surface; the abdominal ornamentation is, however, decidedly characteristic, as is
also the thoracic, and should serve at once to separate it from the other Culices with
unhanded legs. The distribution of the two coloured scales to the wing is also
peculiar. Two of the specimens were from Stony Mountain, and the other two from
St. Boniface. It has some resemblance to C. dorsalis, but is distinct, having un-
handed legs, etc.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes spencerii :

Female. — Proboscis slender, rather long, subcylindrical, uniform, the labella?
rather broad ; vestiture black ; setae minute, curved, black, those on the labella?
more prominently outstanding. Palpi short, less than one-fifth as long as the
proboscis, black scaled, some pale ones intermixed, particularly at bases of joints ;
seta? moderate, black. Antenna? with the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black,
second joint slightly enlarged, with a small patch of white scales on inner side ;
tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, brownish black, clothed
within with small white scales. Clypeus short, rounded, prominent, black, nude.
Eyes bronzy-black. Occiput black, clothed with shining grayish white scales,
narrow curved ones on the vertex, broader ones on the sides, many slender erect
forked pale yellow scales on the nape ; cheeks clothed with broad grayish white
scales; bristles along margins of eyes black, those projecting between the eyes
pale yellow.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, black, clothed with pale brown
and whitish scales and pale bristles. Mesonotum black, clothed with narrow
curved scales, dark bronzy brown in a broad median stripe and narrowly along
the lateral margins, shining yellowish white scaled on sides of disk and about
antescutellar space ; a narrow dark -brown stripe each side of antescutellar space
and extending over posterior third of the disk. Scutellum trilobate, black,
clothed with narrow, curved, yellowish white scales, each lobe with a group of
pale bristles. Postnotum short, elliptical, prominent, blackish, nude. Pleura?
and coxa? blackish, clothed with patches of elliptical, flat, white scales and rows
of pale seta?; prothoracic epimera clothed with bronzy brown scales like those
on mesonotum.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, tapering posteriorly; dorsal vestiture of
black and grayish-white scales, the whitish scales predominate, forming apical
and basal segmental bands and medio-dorsal and lateral lines, the last two seg-
ments being almost wholly whitish scaled above ; first segment with a patch of
white scales and many pale seta? ; venter almost wholly whitish scaled, a small
black spot medianly at the base of each segment. Cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell a little longer than
its cell, that of second posterior about the length of its cell ; basal cross-vein less
than its own length distant from anterior cross- vein; scales on the veins black
and white, not evenly intermixed ; costa and first vein white to about the middle
and then black, subcosta nearly all white, third vein, forks of fourth, the fifth
(except the extreme base) with its forks are black, the other veins white scaled,
outstanding scales broadly linear, grey. Halteres with whitish stems and black
knobs.

Legs moderately long and slender ; femora with whitish scales beneath, black
and white intermixed dorsally, the black ones heaviest at tip above ; knees nar-
rowly white ; tibia? pale grey scaled, with a few black ones intermixed ; tarsi with
the basal joint grayish-white scaled, the black scales predominating more out-
wardly, the other joints wholly bronzy-brown scaled above, silvery grey beneath
and laterally. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

AEDES SPENCERII

725

Male. — Proboscis moderately long, straight. Palpi about as long as the pro-
boscis; apex of the long joint and the last two joints thickened, clothed with
long, dense, dark brown hairs; vestiture of blackish scales with violet luster,
some grey ones intermixed, patches of white scales towards apex of long joint
and at bases of last two joints. Antenna? plumose, the last two joints long and
slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others short, black at insertions of the hair-
whorls ; hairs long, dense, dark brown. Coloration similar to the female, the
vestiture sparse throughout. Wings narrower, the stems of the fork-cells
longer, the vestiture sparse. Abdomen long, slender, depressed, without median
dorsal stripe, the dark scales predominating and with purplish luster; sides with
dense, long, pale ciliation. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-1.1.

Length : Body 5.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Genitalia (plate 27, fig. 185) : Side-pieces nearly three times as long as wide,
tips conically rounded; apical lobe well removed from tip, rounded, prominent;
basal lobe large, rounded, prominent, densely clothed with short seta? with tuber-
cular bases, a large spine with accompanying hairs at base. Clasp-filament
slightly enlarged mesially, with a long articulated terminal spine and two small
seta? from notches before the tip. Harpes broad, flat, with revolute edges,
tip thickened, pointed, point directed laterally; harpagones with a slender col-
umnar stem, thickened at base, a jointed apical filament broadening out mesially
on one side, the tip pointed. Unci invisible. Basal lobes small, rather approxi-
mated, each bearing four seta? at tip.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 123, fig. 426). — Head rounded, wider than long,
widest through eyes ; antennae rather short, spinose, the small tuft rather before
middle ; both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single, ante-antennal tufts of four hairs.
Trachea? broad. Skin smooth. Lateral abdominal hairs single on segments three
to six. Lateral comb of eighth segment of about nine large scales in an irregu-
larly doubled row. Air-tube stout, less than three times as long as wide, taper-
ing outwardly; pecten of about twelve long, sharp teeth, the last one or two
detached, reaching to near middle of tube, followed by a small hair-tuft. Anal
segment longer than wide, with a large dorsal plate, reaching well down toward
the ventral line ; dorsal hairs a long hair and a tuft on each side ; lateral hair
small, single; ventral brush well developed, with shorter tufts preceding the
barred area. Anal gills large, longer than the segment, tapering to a point, equal.

The larvae develop in the early spring in the temporary pools of snow-water
upon the western prairies. There is but a single generation in the year and the
eggs overwinter on the ground. Mr. Knab made especial observations upon
this species. He says :

" This is the common mosquito of the prairies of Saskatchewan, and appar-
ently occupies the entire northerly portion of the prairie region of North
America. It is very bloodthirsty, and its excessive abundance makes life upon
the prairie a torture during the early summer. The first larva? of this species
were found, newly hatched, at Oxbow, on May 6, in ditches along the railroad.
The weather continued cold for some time after this and the pools froze over at
night. This apparently did not injure the young larva?. On May 16 a large
number of pools were examined, and it was found that all but the larger pools
contained larva?. The pool from which the young larva? were obtained on May
6 now contained many larva?. It was deep and large and the water cool ; in con-
sequence the larva? were still in the second stage. In smaller, shallow pools,
where the water was warm, the larva? were much further advanced. A shallow
puddle in the field close by the railroad station, the water of which was remark-
ably warm, contained numerous larva?, mostly in the third stage. The larva?
for the most part kept among the grass close to the margin, where the water was
warmest and they were best protected from the wind. These larva?, brought

726

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

into the house, nearly all molted on the following day. A day later (May 18) a
number of the larvae pupated. In the meantime there had been severe frosts
during the nights and the pools were repeatedly frozen over and thawed out again
by the sun of the following day. But in spite of this the larvae developed as
rapidly out of doors as in the house, the effect of the sun more than offsetting the
retarding influence of the cold nights. The first adults were bred out on May 22.
Larvae continued to increase in numbers during the following week, those in the
small warm pools being most abundant and developing most rapidly. The small
permanent ponds contained no larva?. By the end of the month the larvae of this
species had practically all disappeared.

" Adults of this species first appeared active on May 30 and a few came to bite.
They were first noted in numbers on June 5, a warm, sunny day following four
days of cold, cloudy weather. They came drifting before the wind, and during
calm intervals were very annoying. * * * * This day proved the maximum
of activity for this species of mosquito. No more swarming of males or matings
were observed. On June 10 there was a very high wind, which kept the mos-
quitoes close to cover. Only a few came to bite, but these were very bloodthirsty.
They would rise out of the grass to leeward and fly against the wind, alighting
with a perceptible momentum.

"June 11 was a hot day, with only light wind. The female mosquitoes
appeared less numerous than two days previously. The males were abundant
on willow blooms, busily probing for honey.* None were seen swarming.

" June 12 was warm but windy, yet the males were still found upon the wil-
low catkins, although they could maintain their hold only with difficulty. High
winds continued for five days and nothing was seen of the mosquitoes. On
June 18 the males had nearly all disappeared ; there were none on the willow
catkins and only a very few could be found by beating grass and bushes. The
females were still in evidence.

" This species is strictly diurnal and is only active in full daylight. It hides
in the grass of the prairie until disturbed or attracted by some passing animal.
It appears that the habit of this prairie mosquito, of flying toward prominent
objects, under normal conditions brings it to its source of food, some large warm-
blooded animal. The blood-sucking habit is doubtless normal in this species, and
other foods, such as the honey of flowers, are to be looked upon as supplementary
when blood is not available. The idea that but few mosquitoes can obtain a meal
of blood is entirely erroneous — at least with reference to this species. In
former times the prairie teemed with warm-blooded animals, of which the great
herds of bison, the antelopes, and deer need only be mentioned. At the present
day man, horses, and cattle furnish an abundant supply of blood. On the
other hand, in the male this same habit of gathering around prominent objects
leads them to the same places to which the females are attracted for food, and
thus the union of the sexes is brought about."

Mr. Knab's observations on the mating habits are quoted in the first volume
of this work, on page 130.

Prairies of Canada and northern United States, from Manitoba westward to
British Columbia.

Winnipeg, Manitoba, June 22, 1907 (F. Knab) ; Aweme, Manitoba, July 3
(J. Fletcher), May 17, 1904, June 10, 1904 (N. Criddle) ; Oxbow, Saskatche-
wan, May 30, 1907 (F. Knab) ; Belonge Creek, Saskatchewan, July, 1907 (V. A.
Armstrong) ; Kinisteno, Saskatchewan, July 10 (J. Fletcher) ; Regina, Sas-
katchewan, June 9, 1907 (T. N. Willing) ; Strassburg, Saskatchewan, June 3,
1907 (T. N. Willing) ; Carnduff, Saskatchewan, May 28, 1901 (J. Fletcher) ;

* Knab, Frederick : Mosquitoes as flower visitors. Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc. vol. xv, 1907,
p. 215.

AEDES IDAHOENSIS

727

Alameda, Saskatchewan, June 5, 1902 (J. Fletcher) ; Olds, Saskatchewan, July
5, 1901 (J. Fletcher) ; Eosthern, Saskatchewan, July 13 (J. Fletcher) ; Kaslo,
British Columbia, June 13, 1903 (R. P. Currie) and June 24, 1903 (H. G.
Dyar) ; Fargo, North Dakota, July 2, 1915 (W. B. Bell) ; Judith Basin, Mon-
tana, June 8, 1914 (J. E. Parker) ; Cascade, Montana, June 4, 11)14 (J. R.
Parker). Eeported also from California (C. S. Ludlow).

The record of Aides spencerii from California is open to doubt. We have not
6een the specimens, but think that, if of this group at all, they more probably
represent Aides idahoensis than spencerii.

This species shows great variation in the coloration of the imago. The lighter
scales on the mesonotum vary in color from silvery white to ochreous yellow and
also in extent. The abdominal markings of the female are excessively variable.
The median dorsal stripe may be obsolete, each segment being black scaled with
grey margins. In many specimens the grey scales predominate, sometimes leav-
ing only a few scattered black scales on some of the segments. In still other
specimens the dorsum of the abdomen is entirely grey scaled.

Culex punctatus Meigen (Klass. u. Beschr. europ. zweifl. Ins., i, 6, 1804) of
Europe is similarly marked and undoubtedly closely related to Aides spencerii.
It may even prove to be identical, but the species has not been studied by modern
workers. Theobald indicates Meigen's species as a synonym of Culex rusticus
Eossi (Fauna Etrusca, ii, 333, 1790) and refers Culex quadratirnaculatus Mac-
quart (Hist. Nat. Ins., Dipt., i, 34, 1834) to the same species, but he has seen
no specimens; the latter is a change of name for Culex pungens, under which
name it has been described by Eobineau-Desvoidy (Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris,
hi, 407, 1827).

AEDES IDAHOENSIS (Theobald) Dyar & Knab.

Orabhamia spencerii var. idahoensis Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 250, 1903.
Ochlerotatus spenceri Coquillett (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent„ Tech. Ser. 11,
21, 1906.

Acdes idahoensis Dyar & Knab, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxv, 57, 1908.
Original Description of Grahhajiia spencerii, variety idahoensis:

Abdominal basal bands almost white, broad apical bands yellowish-white to
white, very narrow, almost obliterated on some segments; the abdomen not pale at
the sides, so that only broad basal and narrow apical pale areas are shown, the two
apical segments are mostly pale scaled, and there are scattered pale scales on the
others. The Dale thoracic scales are also of a more frosty hue than in the type.

Professor Aldrich sends the following note regarding this species: " It is so small
that it readily crawls through ordinary mosquito screen. At the hotel in Market
Lake it was found necessary to apply a thick coat of paint to the screens after they
were in place; this reduced the size of the holes enough so that no further trouble
was experienced in their coming through. It is a very annoying species, and seems to
breed altogether in an arm of the Snake River which lies beside the little town, and
which has no current except during the period of high water in the spring. Two
miles from the town, where the only breeding-place is the seepage from irrigating
ditches, there is a different species of mosquito."

Description' of Female and Male of Aedes idahoensis (Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis moderately long and slender, subcylindrical, the labellae
conically tapered; vestiture brownish black; setse minute, those on the labella?
more prominently outstanding. Palpi short, less than one-fourth the length of
the proboscis, black, the setse moderate. Antennas with the joints subequal,
black, rugose, pilose; second joint somewhat enlarged and clothed with white
scales on inner side ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation,
blackish, largely clothed with small white scales on inner side. Clypeus round-
edly triangular, prominent, black, nude. Eyes black. Occiput black, clothed
with narrow curved scales on the vertex, flat ones on the sides, all yellowish-
white, many pale, short, erect forked scales on the nape; bristles along margins
of eyes black, those projecting between the eyes pale.

728

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, black, clothed with whitish
scales and pale tipped setae. Mesonotum black, clothed with narrow curved
scales, dark bronzy or pale brown in a moderately broad median stripe, grayish-
white laterally, about the antescutellar space and on the anterior margin; a
narrow dark-brown stripe each side of antescutellar space, extending over pos-
terior third of disk ; a few brown scales on humeral margins. Scutellum trilo-
bate, black, clothed with whitish scales, each lobe with a group of pale setae.
Postnotum elliptical, prominent, black, nude. Pleura? black, coxae brown,
clothed with patches of elliptical, flat white scales and rows of pale setae ; epimera
clothed with whitish, narrow curved scales like those on mesonotum.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, tapering posteriorly; dorsal vestiture of
black and white scales, the white ones forming broad basal and very narrow
apical segmental bands with a few scattered scales along the median line, some-
times forming a medio-dorsal stripe, the white basal bands widened on the sides
but not continuous, interrupted apically by the black ground-color; in some
specimens both the median pale scales and the apical bands are absent; venter
white scaled. Cerci black.

Wings rather broad, lejaline ; petiole of second marginal and second posterior
cells about as long as their cells ; basal cross-vein about its own length distant
from anterior cross-vein ; scales of the veins black and white, costa largely black
scaled, shortly white at base ; subcostal vein with the white scales predominating,
third vein, forks of fourth and fifth vein with its forks black scaled, second and
fourth veins mostly white scaled, sixth vein white with a few black scales.
Halteres brownish, with black knobs.

Legs moderate; femora with whitish scales below, except at extreme tip,
above black mottled with whitish ; knees narrowly whitish ; tibiae grey scaled
with a few black ones intermixed, principally on upper and lower sides; tips
black ; tarsi with the basal joint grey scaled, the black scales predominating more
outwardly, the remaining joints wholly black dorsally, grey beneath and at
sides. Claw formula, 1.1—1.1—1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Male. — Proboscis rather long and slender, the vestiture black. Palpi exceed-
ing the proboscis by the length of half of the last joint; last two joints and
tip of long joint enlarged and bearing dense long brown hairs. Antennae plu-
mose, the last two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others
short, brown, unicolorous ; hairs of whorls long, dense, dark brown. Coloration
similar to the female. Wings narrower than in the female, the stems of the
fork-cells longer, the vestiture sparse. Abdomen elongate, depressed, with
pale lateral eiliation. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-1.1.

Length : Body 5.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Genitalia (plate 27, fig. 186) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, tips
rounded ; apical lobe developed, rounded ; basal lobe rounded, somewhat promi-
nent, covered with tubercles bearing short setae, a large stout spine on lower
side accompanied by a group of setae. Clasp-filament long, somewhat swollen
mesially, with three setae without near the tip and a long articulated terminal
spine. Harpes elliptical, inner margin thickened and revolute, bent and pointed
at tip. Harpagones with moderate, thick, columnar stem and terminal fila-
ment, which is expanded beyond the base and slightly irregularly notched.
Basal appendages small, with several short setae.

Life history and habits unknown.

Nevada, Idaho, and Montana.

Market Lake, Idaho (J. M. Aldrich) ; Pocatello, Idaho, June 24, 1904 (E.
S. G. Titus) ; Dillon, Montana, August 5, 1908 (R. A. Cooley) ; Elburz, Nevada,
June 25, 1903 (H. S. Barber).

AEDES FTJSCUS

729

Aedes idahoensis is closely allied to Aedes spencerii, but is, we think, distinct.
On the abdomen the median dorsal stripe is either absent or ill-defined and the
lateral margins are not continuously pale scaled, as in that species. It occupies a
different geographical area ; spencerii extends throughout the Canadian prairies,
while idahoensis replaces it to the south. It is probable that the record of
spencerii from California refers rather to this species, but we have not seen the
specimens. Professor Aldrich's remarks about the habits, quoted by Theobald,
refer to Aedes aldrichi and not to this species. The habits of idahoensis are
unknown, although they are probably essentially similar to those of spencerii.

AEDES FUSCUS Osten Sacken.

Aedes fuscus Osten Sacken, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., iii, 191, 1877.

Aedes fuscus Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 348, 1900.

Aedes fuscus Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 226, 1901.

Aedes fuscus Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 481, 1902.

Aedes fuscus Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, x, 197, 1902.

Aedes fuscus Johannsen, Bull. C8, N. Y. State Mus., 425, 1903.

Aedes fuscus Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 145, pi. ii, f. 11, 1903.

Aedes fuscus Theobald, Mon. Culic., iii, 286, 1903.

Aedes fuscus Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vi, 41, 1904.

Aedes fuscus Pelt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 339, 391e, 1904.

Aedes fuscus Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Stat., Rept. Mosq., 332, 1905.

Aedes fuscus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 402, 1905.

Aedes fuscus Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt., 26 fasc, 35, 1905.

Culex pallidohirta Grossbeck, Can. Ent., xxxvii, 359, 1905.

Aedes fuscus Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 447, 492, 1905.

Aedes fuscus Britton & Viereck, Rept. Conn. Agr. Exp. Stat., 1904, 271, 1905.

Aedes fuscus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. xiv, 194, 1906.

Aedes fuscus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech. Ser. 11, 18, 1906.

Aedes fuscus Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circular 72, 4, 1906.

Aedes fuscus Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 538, 1907.

Aedes fuscus Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., 1, 546, 1908.

Aedes fuscus Thibault, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xii, 16, 1910.

Aedes fuscus Dyar & Knab, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xii, 81, 1910.

Aedes fuscus and Aedes pallidohirta Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 720,
1910.

Aedes fuscus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 484, 1910.

Culex pallidocephala Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 612, 1910.

Culex pallidohirta Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 612, 1910.

Original Description of Aedes fuscus:

(^$. — Brown; thorax clothed with a short, appressed, brownish-golden tomentum;
abdomen with whitish-yellow narrow bands at the base of the segments; venter
whitish-yellow. Antennae black; proboscis and legs brownish, with a metallic re-
flection; femora paler on the under side; pleurae under the root of the wings with a
spot clothed with whitish scales. Long. corp. 3-4 mm.

Hab. — Cambridge, Mass., in May.

Obs. — I bred this species from larvae which I found in a pool together with those
of several species of Culex. The larva? and pupae behaved exactly like those of
Culex, and only attracted my attention by their smaller size. If I could have known
beforehand that they belonged to Aedes, I would have compared them more closely
with the larvae of Culex. The metamorphosis of Aedes has never been observed
before.

Original Description of Culex pallidohibta:

$. — Head brown, occiput clothed with yellowish scales and a few dark brown ones
intermixed; antenna; brown, the basal joint and basal half of following one dirty
yellow; proboscis brown, with whitish scales scattered over the surface save at the
apical fourth; palpi brown, tipped with silvery white, four jointed, apical joint
minute, flattened, spiny. Mesonotum covered with pale brown scales and with a
narrow median furrow obsolete on posterior portion, bounded on each side by scales
of a slightly darker colour; a lateral line of pale yellow scales beginning near the
posterior margin and extending to the middle of the lateral margin of the meso-
notum also encloses these darker scales; seutellum pale brown with creamy-yellow
bristles on the posterior margin; metanotum evenly pale brown; pleura yellowish-
brown with patches of whitish scales; halteres dirty white. Abdomen creamy with a
metallic silvery-gray lustre in life, somewhat darker with grayish shadings in
47

730

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

pinned specimens; genitalia dark brown. Legs cream coloured, the anterior part
of all femora and also anterior part of tibia of fore leg brownish; the apical two
or three joints of fore and mid tarsi also brownish; claws all uniserrated; wings
hyaline with slender brown scales and broad whitish ones, petiole of first sub-
marginal cell about half the length of this cell. Length 4.5-5 mm.

Types, 2 females in the New Jersey Experiment Station collection. This species
is at once recognizable by its silvery lustre and cream-coloured legs.

A single specimen of this species hatched May 5th out of a lot of larva? and pupa?
sent in by Mr. Brehme, who collected them as Culex Canadensis from the Orange
Mountains. The remaining larva? were immediately put into alcohol and the pupae
left to develop; but all Canadensis emerged from the pupa? and no larvae distinguish-
able from that species could be found. Another collection in the same locality was
made several days after the first and from this lot another female hatched May 26th.
Of the numerous other larva? with which they were associated all were Canadensis
and one Corethra cinctipes. We had evidently gotten hold of the tail end of the
brood; no larva? remaining.

Okiginal Description of Cuxex pallidocephala:

A light coloured medium sized species, with creamy coloured unhanded legs,
brownish unhanded beak and silvery-grey unhanded abdomen. Wings unspotted.
Thorax pale brown, marked with darker scales on the sides of a narrow median
groove, and enclosed in a semicircular lateral line on the posterior half.

United States.

I have the above description, but cannot trace the reference. — F. V. T.
Description of Female, Male, Larva, and Pupa of Aedes fuscus :

Female. — Proboscis rather stout, subcylindrical, uniform, the labella? conically
tapered; vestiture bronzy-brown; seta? on the labella? minute, outstanding.
Palpi short, about one-sixth as long as the proboscis, black; setae moderate,
bristly. Antennae with the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black, second joint
slightly thickened and paler ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical exca-
vation, luteous, darker and with a patch of small black scales on inner side ; hairs
of whorls sparse, moderate, black. Clypeus rounded triangular, prominent,
black, nude. Eyes black. Occiput pale golden brown scaled on the vertex, the
scales partly narrow, a large area of flat black scales on each side, cheeks clothed
with broad shining yellowish scales, many erect, short, pale forked scales on the
nape ; bristles along margins of eyes black, those projecting between the eyes
pale.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, brown, clothed with narrow yel-
lowish scales and dark bristles. Mesonotum reddish brown, clothed with narrow
curved scales, uniformly golden brown, paler about antescutellar space and over
roots of wings. Scutellum trilobate, dark gray, clothed with narrow curved, pale
yellow scales, each lobe with a group of brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical,
prominent, yellowish brown, shining, nude. Pleurae pale brown, coxa? luteous,
clothed with patches of elliptical, flat white scales and rows of pale bristles;
epimera of prothorax clothed with golden brown scales like those on mesonotum.

Abdomen subcylindrical tapering posteriorly; dorsal vestiture black with
slight bronzy-brown luster, the segments with narrow whitish basal bands which
widen at the sides and join a continuous yellowish white lateral stripe ; first seg-
ment with a large patch of black scales in the middle, some light ones at base
and sides, and with numerous fine, pale hairs; venter entirely yellowish-white
scaled. Cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell shorter than its
cell, that of second posterior cell a little longer than its cell ; basal cross-vein
distant more than its own length from anterior cross- vein; scales brown, the
outstanding ones broadly linear. Halteres whitish, with dark knobs.

Legs moderately long and slender ; femora clothed with yellowish-white scales
at base and below, with bronzy-brown ones above; tibia? bronzy-brown scaled
above, paler below; tarsi uniformly bronzy-brown scaled. Claw formula,
1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

AEDES FUSCUS

731

Male. — Proboscis rather stout, slightly enlarged towards apex, nearly straight.
Palpi one-seventh the length of the proboscis, uniform, slender; vestiture black.
Antenna? plumose, the last two joints long and slender, pilose, black, the others
shorter, white, blackish at insertions of hair-whorls; hairs of whorls long, dense,
brown. Coloration similar to the female. Wings narrower than in the female,
stems of the fork-cells longer, vestiture less abundant. Abdomen elongate,
slender, somewhat depressed and broadened towards apex ; basal segmental bands
broader and whiter than in the female, the last segment entirely white scaled ;
lateral ciliation coarse, irregular, pale. Claw formula, 1.0-1.0-1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 34, fig. 226) : Side-pieces about twice as long as broad, taper-
ing to a small rounded tip, no apical lobe, two basal lobes, the dorsal one consist-
ing of two slender processes joined at base and bearing one and three hairs
respectively, the inner one consisting of a rounded conical process, densely
setose. Clasp-filament subapically situated, double, the apical arm slender,
curved, widely furcate at tip, with a small articulated spine on one of the forks,
the basal arm about half as long as the other, rounded, with a group of seta? at
the tip. Harpes small, elliptical, inner margin re volute, tip bluntly rounded,
without point. Harpagones absent. Unci slender, approximate, incurved, tips
furcate. Basal appendages long, capitate, remote at their origins, tips approxi-
mated to lower basal lobe of side-piece, densely setose.

Larva, Stage IV (see figure of the entire larva, plate 70). — Head broad,
rounded, narrowed before eyes, notched at insertion of antenna?, front margin
broadly arcuate. Antennae rather long, subcylindrical, slightly tapered beyond
middle, uniformly covered with rather coarse spines, a moderately long hair tuft
at middle ; a rather long terminal spine, three subequal shorter ones, and a
small digit on a pedicel. Eyes large, transverse, pointed. Both pairs of dorsal
tufts and ante-antennal tufts multiple and long. Mental plate long, triangular,
terminal tooth moderately stout, with twelve lateral teeth on each side, basal
ones becoming more remote, with rounded intermedial incisions. Mandible
quadrangular, convex without, outer marginal portion long; one pair of append-
ages before tip ; an outer row of cilia arising from a strong collared prominence ;
nine filaments on front margin arising from angular incised bases ; dentition of
four subequal teeth on a constricted prominence, two filamentous teeth before,
several short irregular ones at base, two broad filaments within, the lower ser-
rate ; interior lobe with a finger-shaped furcation and patches of fine hair; inner
angle sharp, produced, five hairs within ; a row of long hairs at base. Maxilla
elliptical, divided by a narrow suture ; inner half with a prominent angle above
the middle, from which arises a small brush of hairs ; a row of hairs at apex ;
inner surface covered with short hairs which form a small patch on outer half
about the two filaments near the suture ; palpus small, strongly constricted cen-
trally, with three rather large and two minute terminal digits. Mouth-brushes
moderate, normal. Thorax rounded, transverse, wider than long; hairs mod-
erate, rather short, the subdorsal mesothoracic ones short and single. Abdomen
elongate, anterior segments short, transverse, posterior ones more elongated,
seventh segment elongate quadrangular ; lateral hairs of third to sixth segments
single, secondary hairs minute. Tracheal tubes broad, band-shaped, roundedly
expanded outwardly in the segments. Air-tube stout, rather long, tapered out-
wardly, about three and a half times as long as wide ; pecten reaching beyond
middle of tube, the three distal teeth detached, remote, followed by a small hair-
tuft at outer third. Lateral comb of eighth segment of few scales in a partly
double row; single scale elliptical, with a long apical process as long as body
of scale, fringed with short hairs before the process. Anal segment longer than
wide, the dorsal plate large, reaching near the ventral line ; dorsal hairs a long
hair and brush on each side ; a minute tuft near posterior angle of plate ; ventral

732

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

brush well developed, with small tufts preceding the barred area nearly to the
base. Anal gills long, ensiform, tapered to a sharp point.

Pupa (plate 149, fig. 703). — Thoracic mass pyriform, stout; small hair-tufts
on the dorsum anteriorly and posteriorly ; air-tubes small, slender, but slightly
expanded. Abdomen stout, rather long, with numerous small hairs and tufts
on the segments, the posterior lateral hairs single. Anal paddles large, elongate,
broadly rounded posteriorly, with a single terminal seta.

The species hibernates in the egg state and the larva? occur in temporary
ground-puddles, appearing in the spring and at intervals during the summer,
whenever the puddles are filled by rains. The females bite readily by day.
There is apparently a tendency for most of the eggs to hatch early, especially in
the southern parts of the range of the species. Professor Smith, who has ob-
served the species in New Jersey, says :

" There is every reason to believe that this species winters in the egg stage ;
first, because it has been found very early in the larval stage, in company with
species of which it is known that they winter in that way and, second, because
the larva has been found in pools dry during the winter and only filled by the
spring rains. The earliest dates are from Mr. Brakeley, who collected a mis-
cellaneous lot of larva? April 7th, from which adults of this species were
obtained April 13th. It may be in place here to say that these larva? are so
much like others that are found in the same pools early in spring that unless
attention is especially directed to them they readily escape recognition. The
next date, April 18th, is also from Lahaway, where the larvae were taken in com-
pany with those C. aurifer. The first pupa formed April 19th, giving adult on
the 24th ; the second formed on the 20th, giving adult on the 25th ; a five day
period in each case. The fact that this species is not a larval hibernate was
definitely settled when, on April 15th, nearly mature larva? were found by Mr.
Brakeley in a pool that had been completely dry during the winter.

" April 24th, Mr. Grossbeck found pupa? from wbich this species emerged, at
Mountain View, and May 2nd, Mr. Brehme found the same stage at Arlington.
Larva?, pupa? and adults were found at Metuchen, May 7th, by Mr. Grossbeck,
who took quite a number of the early stages during the two or three succeeding
days as well. May 10th, pupa? were taken in the Great Peace Meadows from
which adults emerged on the 11th and at the same place other pupa? were taken
on the 21st, yielding adults on the 22nd. May 26th, larva? and pupa? were taken
by Mr. Dickerson in the Black River Swamp in Morris County and a single
example of this species was identified among a lot of canadensis.

" There are no records of later captures in any stage and it is fair to conclude
that there are no late broods.

" Mr. Brakeley classes this among the local breeders; that is, a species which
he can count upon finding every year in about the same places ; but which does
not occur in all bodies of water even under similar conditions."

Dr. Dyar reared Aedes fuscus throughout the summer from rain-puddles in
New Hampshire, in company with Aedes canadensis and Aedes sylvestris.

Canada and northern United States from the Atlantic to British Columbia,
less abundant southward to Arkansas.

Center Harbor, New Hampshire, August 5, 1902 (H. G. Dyar) ; Springfield,
Massachusetts, May 10, 1903 (P. Knab) ; Westfield, Massachusetts, July 14, 30,
1903 (P. Knab) ; Longmeadow, Massachusetts, larva? May 7, 1905 (F. Knab) ;
Hartford, Connecticut, April 12, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Scott, Lonoke County,
Arkansas, April 14, May 20, 28, 1909 (J. K. Thibault, jr.) ; Tupper Lake, New
York, August 11 (H. G. Dyar) ; Plattsburg, New York, larva? April 20, 1905
(H. G. Dyar) ; Ithaca, New York, May 28, 1901 (O. A. Johannsen) ; Delair,
New Jersey, June 21 (through J. B. Smith); Madison, Wisconsin (S. J.

AEDES LAZARENSIS

733

Holmes) ; Saxeville, Wisconsin, May, 1910 (B. K. Miller) ; Winnipeg, Mani-
toba, June 22, 1907 (F. Knab) ; east coast of Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba;
Oxbow, Saskatchewan, June 17, 1907 (F. Knab) ; Kaslo, British Columbia,
June 11, 1903 (H. G. Dyar).

Aides fuscus is closely related to, if not identical with, the European Aedes
cinereus Meigen (Syst. Beschr. d. bek. europ. zweifl. Ins., i, 13, 1818). We
have had no opportunity to compare specimens, but the male genitalia of the
European form, as figured by Eysell (Abh. u. Ber. Ver. Naturk. Kassel, xlviii,
295, fig. 6, 1903), show the same peculiar structure as our species and we have
been unable to detect any differences. Recently De Meijere has described and
figured the larva and pupa of the European species (Tijdschr. v. Ent., liv,
148-149, pi. x, figs. 25-28, 1911) and we find that these agree in every detail with
our species.*

The description of Culex pallidoliirta is founded upon two abnormally colored
female specimens of Aedes f uscus. In spite of the peculiar metallic luster of the
vestiture, the lateral abdominal stripes, so characteristic of fuscus, can be dis-
tinguished. Dyar and Knab surmise that these peculiarly colored specimens
were produced by the action of cold upon the newly formed pupae and they have
shown that similar aberrations occur with other species (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
xii, 81-82, 1910).

AEDES LAZARENSIS (Felt & Young) Dyar & Knab.

Culex lazarensis Felt & Young, Science, n. s., xx, 312, 1904.

Culex lazarensis Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 309, 1904.

Culicada lazarensis Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 391&, 1904.

Culicada lazarensis Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 448, 478, 1905.

Grabhamia lazarensis Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 48, 1905.

Aedes lazarensis Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 202, 1906.

Ochlerotatus lazarensis Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 19, 1906.

Ochlerotatus lazarensis Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circular 72, 6, 1906.

Culicada lazarensis Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 360, 1907.

Culicada lazarensis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 295, 306, 1910.

Original Description of Cuxex lazarensis:

A larva somewhat resembling that of C. impiger was met with in a cold mountain
pool at Elizabethtown, N. Y., June 9, adults emerging on the tenth and closely resem-
bling those of C. impiger. The larva may be easily recognized by the conspicuous,
triangular comb composed of about sixty rather large scales, each tipped with from
four to seven stout, equal spines. The air tube is short, a little over twice as long
as broad, slightly swollen at the basal third and bearing a double row of posterior
pecten, each consisting of about twenty short, black, stout spines. The adult, Culex
lazarensis n. sp., may be distinguished from C. impiger by its large size, it being
6 to 7 mm. long, and the vittate thorax with two dark lines. The wing of the female
C. lazarensis is longer, the second longitudinal vein, particularly at its fork, is
straighter, and the second fork cell is shorter and broader than in C. impiger. There
are also marked differences in the male genitalia.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes lazabensis:

Female. — Proboscis long, slender, subcylindrical, uniform, labellae conically
tapered ; vestiture black ; seta3 minute, curved, black, those on the labellae more
prominently outstanding. Palpi short, about one-fifth as long as the proboscis ;
vestiture black; seta? moderate, bristly, black. Antenna? with the joints sub-
equal, rugose, black, pilose, second joint somewhat enlarged, brown at base ; tori
subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, luteous, with a patch of small
white scales on inner side; hairs of whorls moderate, sparse, black. Clypeus
roundedly triangular, prominent, nude, black. Eyes black. Occiput black,
clothed with narrow curved pale brownish-yellow scales on the vertex, broad

* At our suggestion Mr. F. W. Edwards of the British Museum has compared material from
America and Europe and finds that there Is no difference. Consequently Aedes fuscus should be
placed as a synonym of Aedes cinereus Meigen. The Information, unfortunately, comes too late
to make the necessary changes in the text.

734

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

flat yellowish-white ones at the sides, many short, erect, forked yellowish scales
on the nape; setae along margins of eyes black, those projecting forward at the
vertex pale.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, black, clothed with broad, curved,
whitish-yellow scales and black bristles. Mesonotum black, clothed with narrow,
curved, light brownish-yellow scales and medianly with two narrow, approxi-
mated, longitudinal stripes, the scales on these smaller and dark brown, in the
middle pale stripe a bare line, a short brown stripe on either side of antescutellar
space, scales surrounding antescutellar space lighter; bristles numerous, mod-
erate, black. Scutellum trilobate, black, clothed with pale yellow scales, each
lobe with a group of brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, black,
slightly pruinose. Pleurae brown, coxae luteous, clothed with elliptical, flat,
yellowish white scales and rows of pale bristles; prothoracic epimera clothed
with pale brownish-yellow scales, similar to those on mesonotum.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, tapering posteriorly; dorsal vestiture of
brownish-black scales, each segment with a broad basal yellowish-white band
which widens laterally and beyond the third segment reaches to the posterior
angle ; first segment with white scales and many pale setae ; venter largely yel-
lowish-white scaled, with a row of small lateral apical black patches. Cerci black.

Wings rather narrow, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell a little shorter
than its cell, that of second posterior cell a little longer than its cell ; basal
cross- vein about its own length distant from anterior cross-vein ; scales brown-
ish-black, outstanding scales broadly linear, brownish-black. Halteres whitish.

Legs rather long and slender; femora black scaled above, yellowish-white
below, except towards tips, the extreme tips white scaled; tibiaj black scaled,
numerous pale scales on under side forming an ill-defined stripe; tarsi black
scaled, the first joint with some pale scales beneath, the black scales increasing
outwardly, the terminal joints wholly black. Claw formula, 1.1—1.1—1.1.

Length : Body about 5.5 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis rather long and slender, straight. Palpi exceeding the pro-
boscis by about the length of the last joint; end of long joint and last two joints
slightly enlarged and with long, dense, black hairs ; vestiture wholly black.
Antennae plumose, the last two joints long, slender, rugose, pilose, black, the
others short, pale, blackish at thickened insertions of hair-whorls ; hairs of
whorls long, dense, brownish-black with yellow luster. Coloration similar to the
female. Wings narrower than in the female, the stalks of the fork-cells
longer, the vestiture sparse. Abdomen long, slender, depressed, the basal seg-
mental white bands much broader than in the female; lateral ciliation long,
dense, pale. Claw formula, 1.1—1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 6.5 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 26, fig. 181) : Side-pieces three times as long as wide ; apical
lobe small, roundedly prominent; basal lobe hemispherical, densely setose, a
stout spine on the inner side. Clasp-filament long, swollen in middle, with a
row of fine subterminal setae and long, articulated terminal spine. Harpes
elliptical concave, inner margin revolute, tip curved, widely notched. Harpa-
gones with a long columnar stem which is slightly bent at basal third and bears
a little short pile; terminal filament narrowed at its base, tapering to tip,
widest at basal sixth. Unci approximate, revolute, forming a small basal cylin-
der. Basal appendages approximate, rounded, bearing several short, stout
spines.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 118, fig. 407). — Head rounded, narrowed before eyes,
a slight notch at insertion of antennae, front margin broadly arcuate. Antennae
moderate, slender, a little larger at base, slightly spined, especially toward
base; a rather large tuft before middle; one longer and three short terminal
spines and a terminal digit. Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single, ante-anten-

AEDES ALDEICHI

735

nal tufts multiple. Mental plate triangular, with a central tooth and thirteen
on each side, the basal ones stouter and slightly more remotely spaced. Mandible
quadrangular, with short spines at base ; two filaments before tip ; an outer row
of long cilia ; eleven filaments on outer edge ; dentition of four teeth on a proc-
ess, the first longest; a sharp spine and a blunt tooth before, a broad serrate
filament and five slender ones within ; process below furcate, stout, a row of
hairs outwardly ; basal angle prominent ; a row of stout hairs within, a row of
longer ones at base. Maxilla irregularly hemispherical, divided by a suture;
inner half with a row of stout erect spines, two rows of cilia and some spines
near the suture, a row of long hairs at tip ; outer half with two filaments rather
remote from the suture, situated beyond the middle, a spine on the other side;
palpus stout, short, wide in proportion to maxilla, with four minute apical
digits. Thorax rounded, wider than long ; hairs abundant, moderate. Abdomen
moderate, anterior segment shorter; lateral hairs double to fifth segment, single
on sixth. Tracheal tubes rather broad, band-shaped. Air-tube stout, slightly
tapered, over three times as long as wide; pecten reaching nearly to middle,
the teeth evenly spaced, followed by a multiple hair-tuft; single tooth a long
spine with wide base, a stout basal branch, and two or three small teeth.
Lateral comb of eighth segment of many scales in a triangular patch; single
scale bluntly rounded with pointed base, fringed with spinules, the apical ones
of nearly equal length. Anal segment slightly longer than wide ; dorsal plate
reaching two-thirds of the way down the sides, straight on lateral margin;
dorsal hairs a brush and hair on either side; a single lateral hair; ventral brush
well developed, with short tufts preceding barred area toward base. Anal gills
moderate, ensiform, as long as the segment or longer.

The larvae occur in the early spring in temporary pools in company with the
other species with similar habits. The eggs no doubt hibernate on the ground.
The females form part of the swarm of mosquitoes frequenting the forests during
the first half of the summer, and, like the other species, live for two months or
longer and disappear by August. These specimens, when flown, can not longer
be distinguished specifically from other species with black legs, such as Aides
abserratus, impiger, iridiums, and provocans.

Canada and northeastern United States.

Elizabethtown, New York, June 11, 1904 (E. P. Felt) ; Earner, New York,
May 13, 1904 (E. P. Felt) ; Plattsburg, New York, larvae April 20, 1905 (H.
G. l)yar) ; Mount Washington, New Hampshire (Mrs. A. T. Slosson) ; Dublin,
New Hampshire, May, 1909 (A. Busck) ; White River, Ontario, June 25, 1907
(F. Knab) ; Field, British Columbia, August 15, 1903 (H. G. Dyar).

The coloration is subject to some variation. The abdominal pale bands are
narrow in some specimens. In many specimens the pale scales of the head and
mesonotum are uniformly ocherous yellow instead of being paler at the sides and
posteriorly. In some specimens the short brown stripes at the sides of the ante-
scutellar space are obsolete. Doctor Felt states that in the female the outer
claw of the fore leg is simple (Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 311, 1904). Our
specimens, including a cotype, have both claws of the fore legs alike and each
with a distinct tooth.

We have a single specimen from Field, British Columbia, that much resembles
the specimens from Lake Superior, but owing to the fact that we have neither
males nor larva? of this form, and to the considerable geographical interval
between tire localities, we hesitate to make the identification positive.

AEDES ALDRICHI Dyar & Knab.

Grabhamia spenccrii var. idahoensis Aldrich (not Theobald), in Theobald. Mon.

Culicid., ili. 250, 1903.
Aiides aldrichi Dyar & Knab, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxv, 57, 1908.
Aedes aldrichi Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 620, 1910.

736

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Original Description of Aedes aldrichi :

Similar to A. hirsuteron Theobald and A. wstivalis Dyar, but the vestiture of the
occiput and the sides of the disk of the mesonotum are frosted white with a very
slight yellowish cast; the anterior angles of the mesonotum are not brown-scaled;
the abdomen has a distinct bronzy luster; the stems of the forked cells are longer;
the species is smaller; otherwise the three species are very similar. Length, 3.5 mm.

Six specimens, all females, Market Lake, Idaho (J. M. Aldrich).

Type.— Cat. No. 12010, U. S. N. M.

The specimens were sent us by Professor Aldrich mixed with A. idahoensis Theo-
bald. Aldrich's remarks, quoted by Theobald,* obviously refer to this small species
and not to idahoensis, which is larger. We take pleasure in naming this species for
Prof. J. M. Aldrich.

*Mon. Culicid., iii, 1903, p. 250.

Description of Female of Aedes aldbichi (Male and Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis moderately long and slender, cylindrical, uniform, the
labelhe conically tapered; vestiture black; setae minute, curved, black, those on
the labella? more prominently outstanding. Palpi short, about one-fifth as long
as the proboscis ; vestiture black with faint bronzy luster ; seta? moderate, bristly.
Antenna? with the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black, second joint longer
than the succeeding one, slightly thickened and paler, partly covered with shin-
ing yellowish-white scales ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excava-
tion, luteous brown, darker and with a patch of shining yellowish-white scales
on inner side; hairs of whorls moderate, sparse, black. Clypeus broad, trian-
gularly rounded, prominent, black, nude. Eyes black. Occiput black, broadly
clothed with narrow curved scales, on the sides with broad flat ones, silvery
white with a very faint yellowish tinge, without lateral dark patch, many short,
erect, pale, forked scales on the nape; bristles along margins of eyes black,
those projecting between eyes pale.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, black, clothed with narrow white
scales and dark bristles. Mesonotum black, clothed with narrow curved scales,
a broad median stripe and small subdorsal posterior stripes of bright bronzy-
brown scales, those along anterior edge, sides of disk, and covering the antescu-
tellar space yellowish white, the anterior angles not differently colored ; dorsal
stripe divided by a narrow line of pale scales. Scutellum trilobate, black,
clothed witb narrow, curved, silvery-white scales, each lobe with a group of
pale bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, blackish brown, shining, nude.
Pleura black, coxa? luteous, clothed with patches of elliptical, flat, white scales
and rows of pale bristles; scales on epimera of prothorax narrow, yellowish
white.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, tapering posteriorly; dorsal vestiture
black with a slight violet and bronzy luster, with narrow white basal segmental
bands slightly incised at the middle and widening to triangular patches on the
sides; first segment with a patch of white scales and many pale seta?; venter
sordid whitish scaled. Cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell shorter than its
cell, that of second posterior cell about equal to its cell ; basal cross- vein distant
about its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales brown, black on costa, the
outstanding ones broadly linear. Halteres whitish, the knobs infuscated.

Legs rather long and slender ; femora whitish scaled basally and below, with
bronzy-black scales above and a black ring before the tip ; knees shining white ;
tibia? largely yellowish white scaled below, bronzy black above, tips of hind pair
black ; tarsi brownish-black scaled, the basal joint with many pale scales beneath,
becoming fewer outwardly, terminal joints entirely black ; on hind tarsi the pale
scales have a silvery luster and are continued to near the middle of the second
joint. Claw formula, 1.1—1.1—1.1.

Length: Body 3.5 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

AEDES DECTICUS

737

Professor Aldrich is quoted by Theobald, on what we believe to have been
this species, as follows :

" It is so small that it readily crawls through ordinary mosquito screen. At
the hotel in Market Lake it was found necessary to apply a thick coat of paint
to the screens after they were in place ; this reduced the size of the holes enough
so that no further trouble was experienced in their coming through. It is a very
annoying species, and seems to breed altogether in an arm of the Snake River
which lies beside the little town, and which has no current except during the
period of high water in the spring."

Idaho.

Market Lake (J. M. Aldrich) ; Lewiston, June 16, 1902 (J. M. Aldrich).

AEDES DECTICUS, new species.
Description of Female of Aedes decticus (Male and Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis rather long and slender, uniform ; labellae conically
tapered ; vestiture black ; setae minute, curved, black, those on labellae more
prominently outstanding. Palpi short, about one-fifth as long as proboscis,
vestiture black with faint violet luster, setae moderate, bristly. Antennae with
the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black ; second joint thickened, third longer
than succeeding ones ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation,
blackish; hairs of whorls moderate, sparse, black. Clypeus broadly sub-trian-
gular, rounded in front, prominent, black, nude. Eyes black. Occiput black,
a narrow median line of narrow, curved, white scales, the rest broad, creamy
white ; two large quadrate black spots laterally, separated from a second spot on
the sides by a broader band of white scales ; nape with creamy scales and upright,
black, forked ones ; bristles along margins of eyes black, those at vertex paler.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, black, clothed with rather broad
white scales and dark bristles. Mesonotum black, clothed with narrow, curved
scales, very dark brown in a very broad median stripe divided by a narrow
median line of pale yellowish ones, sides broadly, anterior margin narrowly
and antescutellar region with yellowish scales, on each side of antescutellar space
a dark stripe reaching forward to middle, separated from the median dark area
by a narrow line of yellow scales. Scutellum trilobate, black, clothed with
narrow, curved, pale-yellowish scales, each lobe with a group of pale bristles.
Postnotum elliptical, prominent, blackish-brown, nude. Pleura? black, coxae
luteous, clothed with patches of elliptical white scales and rows of pale bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly ; dorsal vestiture black, without
luster, the segments with large dirty-white basal lateral triangular spots; first
segment dorsally with dull-white scales and pale hairs; venter dull black with
creamy-white basal segmental bands, broad on basal segments, narrower on distal
ones ; cerci black.

Wings rather narrow, hyaline with slight smoky tinge ; petiole of second mar-
ginal cell less than half the length of its stem, that of second posterior cell nearly
equal to its cell ; basal cross-vein distant slightly more than its own length from
the anterior cross-vein ; scales deep brown, on costa with slight violet luster, the
outstanding ones narrowly ligulate, truncate at tip. Halteres whitish, the knob
infuscated.

Legs slender and rather long, the vestiture brownish black with a slight violet
luster; femora pale at base and beneath nearly to tip. Claw formula,
1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3.8 mm.

Type : No. 12280, IT. S. Nat. Mus.

Life history and habits unknown.

738

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Forested region North of Lake Superior, Canada.
White Kiver, Ontario, June 25, 1907 (P. Knab).
We possess only a single specimen of this distinct species.

AEDES PULLATTJS (Coquillett) Dyar & Knab.

Culex impiger Dyar (not Walker), Proc. Ent. Soc. "Wash., vi, 37, 1904.
Culex impiger (no. 1) Dyar & Knab (not Walker), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vi, 144,
1904.

Culex pullatus Coquillett, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vi, 168, 1904.

Culex pullatus Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xii, 245, 1904.

Culicada pullatus Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 3916, 1904.

Grabhamia pullatus Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 48, 1905.

Culicada pullatus Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 448, 468, 478, 1905.

Culex pullatus Blanchard, Les Moust, 630, 1905.

Aedes pullatus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 201, 1906.

Ochlerotatus pullatus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 19, 1906.

Ochlerotatus pullatus Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circular 72, 5, 1906.

Culicada pullatus Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 4, 1907.

Culex pullatus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 628, 1910.

Original Description of Culex pullatus:

5— Near punctor and impiger, but the bristles of the scutellum are chiefly black
instead of yellow, etc. Black, the halteres and femora largely yellowish. Scales of
palpi black, those on the occiput pale yellow, the upright ones in the middle yellow;
those on the sides and the bristles black. Scales of the mesonotum golden yellow,
the sides with a few lighter colored ones, the bristles and those of the scutellum
chiefly black. Scales of abdomen black and with a tinge of violet, a crossband of
whitish ones at base of each segment, dilated at each end, scales of venter whitish,
a few black ones in hind angles of the segments. Scales of coxae and on lower part
of anterior, and posterior sides of the femora yellowish white, on upper part of
femora and toward their apices chiefly black; scales of tibiae blackish and mixed
with a few yellowish ones, those on the tarsi blackish; all tarsal claws toothed.
Wings hyaline, the scales brown, lateral scales of the veins narrow and almost
linear, petiole of first submarginal cell nearly as long as this cell, hind cross-vein
about its length from the small. Length 4.5 mm.

(5". — Palpi slender, the scales and hairs black, the latter, like those of the antennae,
appear whitish in certain lights; proboscis reaching slightly beyond apex of palpi.
Mesonotum with a pair of subdorsal bare vittae on its anterior two-thirds. Abdomen
with a cross-band on the apices of ventral segments 3 to 7. Petiole of the first sub-
marginal cell longer than the cell. Otherwise as in the female.

Kaslo, British Columbia. One female and ten males bred from the larvae, June
8 to 16, by Dr. H. G. Dyar; also ninety females and thirty-three males bred from the
pupae, or captured, by Dr. Dyar.

Type. — No. 8030, U. S. National Museum.

Although so similar to punctor and impiger in the adult state, the larva is very
different, as Dr. Dyar has pointed out to me.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes pullatus :

Female. — Proboscis rather long and slender, subcylindrical, uniform ; labellae
conically tapered; vestiture brown; setae minute, curved, black, those on the
labellae more prominently outstanding. Palpi short, about one-fifth as long as
proboscis; vestiture black; setae moderate, bristly, black. Antenna? with the
joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black, the second somewhat enlarged ; tori small,
subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, ferruginous, with a patch of
small white scales on inner side; hairs of whorls rather short, sparse, black.
Clypeus short, roundedly triangular, nude, black. Eyes black. Occiput black,
broadly clothed with narrow, curved, dull ochreous scales on vertex, broad flat
paler ones on the sides, without black lateral patch, many erect, forked, pale
yellowish scales on the nape ; setaa along margins of eyes black, those projecting
forward at the vertex pale.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally. black, clothed with broad, curved,
whitish scales and black bristles. Mesonotum black, clothed with narrow, curved,
pale ochreous-brown scales shading paler towards sides and about antescutellar
space, a pair of ill-defined, submedian, narrow, darker longitudinal stripes, a

AEDES PULLATTJS

739

pair of shorter dark stripes posteriorly at sides of antescutellar space ; a median
linear stripe devoid of scales and varying in distinctness ; submedian stripes long
but not reaching anterior margin, sublateral pair short, confined to posterior
half ; bristles numerous, moderate, black. Scutellum trilobate, black, clothed
with pale-yellow scales, each lobe with a group of long brown bristles. Post-
notum elliptical, prominent, black, slightly pruinose. Pleurae and coxae black,
clothed with narrow curved yellowish scales above and elliptical, flat, white scales
below, and rows of pale bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, tapering posteriorly; dorsal vestiture of
bluish-black scales, each segment with a narrow basal white band which widens
somewhat laterally, the first segment with white scales and many pale setae;
venter yellowish-white scaled, with segmental brown-black patches at apical
angles, in some specimens extended to complete transverse bands. Cerci black.

Wings rather narrow, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell a little shorter
than its cell, that of second posterior cell a little longer than its cell ; basal cross-
vein about its own length distant from anterior cross-vein; scales deep brown,
black on costa, except a small patch at base below the costal vein, which is white ;
outstanding scales broadly linear, deep brown. Halteres whitish.

Legs slender and rather long; femora largely black scaled above, yellowish-
white below to near apex, extreme tips white ; tibiae with deep brown and yellow-
ish-white scales intermixed, the pale scales predominating on under side ; tarsi
deep brown scaled, the proximal joints largely pale scaled beneath and the black
scales increasing outwardly, the terminal joint wholly black. Claw formula,
1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5.5 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, long and slender, bronzy-black scaled. Palpi
nearly as long as proboscis, the apex of long joint and the last two joints slightly
enlarged ; vestiture bronzy-black, long hairs at end of long joint and on last
two joints abundant and black. Antennae plumose, the last two joints long,
slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others short, entirely blackish; hairs of whorls
long, black. Coloration similar to the female. Abdomen elongate, depressed,
with coarse and long brown lateral ciliation ; segmental white bands of dorsum
much produced posteriorly on lateral margins ; ventral black bands mcdianly
triangidarly produced. Wings much narrower than in the female, the stalks of
the fork-cells longer, the vestiture sparse. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about G mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 26, fig. 182) ; Side-pieces three times as long as wide, tip
rounded; apical lobe broadly prominent, continued very broadly to the base,
where a slight expansion indicates the basal lobe. Clasp-filament slender,
slightly expanded medianly, with a moderate articulated terminal spine. Harpes
concave, curved, thickened at tip and slightly cleft. Harpagones with a long
columnar base angled in middle, the outer half arising from the inner at the
bend, which is rounded over and setose, a terminal, rather short, articulated fila-
ment with rounded lateral expansion. Unci approximate, revolute, forming
a short, broad, basal cylinder. Basal appendages remote, short, bearing several
stout spines.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 117, fig. 402). — Head rounded, narrowed before eyes,
a notch at insertion of antennae, front margin broadly arcuate. Antennae
moderate, subcylindrical, slender, spined all over ; tuft moderate, a little before
middle ; four irregular apical spines and a short process. Eyes large, transverse,
pointed. Both pairs of dorsal head-tufts and ante-antennal tufts multiple.
Mental plate triangular, with a central tooth and ten on each side, the basal ones
more remote, the last two small and well separated. Mandible quadrangular, a
group of short spines at base ; two filaments before tip ; an outer row of cilia

740

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

from a collar; fourteen filaments on outer edge; dentition of three teeth, first
and third longer, the usual fourth rudimentary; a process before, three teeth at
base, a broad serrate filament and six serrate hairs within ; process below cleft-
furcate, with hairs at tip, a row of hairs at base ; a sharp basal angle ; six hairs
in two groups within; a row of stout hairs at base. Maxilla elongate hemi-
spherical, divided by a suture ; inner half hairy, a row of hairs up the sides and
a series of short erect ones on the edge, a tuft of long, stout hairs at tip ; outer
half with some hair, two long filaments near the suture, and a spine on the other
side; palpus oblique, with four small digits, the inner two smallest. Thorax
rounded, a little wider than long; hair abundant, some of the single lateral
ones long. Abdomen moderate, the anterior segments shorter ; hairs slight, the
lateral ones of first two segments double, the rest single ; tracheal tubes broad,
band-shaped, slightly expanded in the segments. Air-tube stout, tapered be-
yond base, about three times as long as wide ; pecten not reaching to middle, of
uniformly spaced teeth, followed by a single tuft of about eight hairs; single
spine long, with wide base and one to three basal branches. Lateral comb of
eighth segment of many scales in a triangular patch; single scale elongate,
fringed with coarse spinules, the apical one distinctly the longest. Anal seg-
ment longer than wide, dorsal plate reaching two-thirds of the way down the
sides, sinuate on lateral margin ; dorsal tuft a brush and hair on each side ; a
single lateral hair ; ventral brush well developed, with a few short tufts preceding
barred area ; anal gills long, ensif orm, twice as long as the segment.

Larva, Stage I. — Head elliptical, rounded; mouth-brushes well-developed;
eyes small, elongate elliptical. Thorax rounded, enlarged; abdomen sub-
moniliform, hairs moderately long, single, the lateral ones double on segments
1 to 4, gradually becoming shorter and weaker posteriorly. Lateral comb
of eighth segment a single row of short, stout, pointed-tipped spines. Air-tube
three times as long as wide, conical at tip, with short, simple basal pecten and
hair beyond. Anal segment with dorsal tuft paired, two hairs in each half ; no
ventral brush ; four anal processes longer than the segment.

The larvae develop in the early spring in pools from melting snow, hatching
from overwintering eggs. There is but a single annual brood, the females living
two or three months and inhabiting forests. They are practically all gone at
lower altitudes by August, but in higher altitudes or cool places may be found
later. Dr. Dyar says :

" Early pools in the mountains, filled by the drainage from the melting snow
banks, contained the larvae and pupae, apparently by the million. Near Kootenay
Lake they had all gone in May ; but higher in the hills larvae could still be found
till the middle of June, and at Kokanee Mountain, at the foot of the glacier, I
found many larvae on August 10. The adults soon became very common in the
woods, though in a few weeks they were much worn and later disappeared, except
in the high damp valleys where they persisted longer. Eggs were obtained of
the usual spindle shape but shorter and thicker than those of C. cantans
[ = Aedes sansoni]. They were laid singly and hibernated."

Northern Eocky Mountain region.

Kaslo, British Columbia, June to August, 1903 (H. Q. Dyar) ; Juliaetta,
Idaho, April 21, 1899 (J. M. Aldrich) ; Summit, Placer County, California,
July 19, 1915 (H. G. Dyar).

This species has undoubtedly a wider distribution than indicated by our
localities. Our collections, however, are useless in this group unless they contain
males or larvae, which is rarely the case. As in other species, there is indication
of variation in the coloration of the adults. This is particularly true of the dark
stripes of the mesonotum, which show a tendency to become obsolete.

AEDES iESTIVALIS

741

AEDES AESTIVALIS (Dyar) Dyar & Knab.

Culex reptans Dyar (not Linne\ not Meigen), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vi, 38, 1904.

Culex aestivalis Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xii, 245, 1904.

Orabhamia aestivalis Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 48, 1905.

Orabhamia aestivalis Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiii, 54, 1905.

Aedes aestivalis Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 201, 1906.

Ochlerotatus aestivalis Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 21, 1906.

Ochlerotatus aestivalis Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circ 72, 6, 1906.

Original Description of Culex aestivalis :

I propose this name for the species called Culex reptans in my article on British
Columbian mosquitoes (Proc. ent. soc. Wash., vi, 38, 1904). It is clearly not the
European reptans (nemorosus), nor is it lazarensis Felt & Young, which has a
peculiar larva that I had not seen till I examined a specimen kindly sent to me by
Dr. Felt. The larva of aestivalis is characterized by the air tube being about three
times as long as wide, the pecten without detached teeth, followed by the tuft; anal
segment almost completely ringed by the plate, the barred area running nearly to
the base, two tufts before it practically reaching base; comb of the eighth segment a
large patch of thorn-shaped spines fully three rows deep.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes aestivalis :

Female. — Proboscis moderate, subcylindrical, ■uniform, the labellae conically
tapered ; vestiture black, seta? on labellae minute, outstanding. Palpi short,
about one-fifth as long as the proboscis, black ; setas moderate, bristly. Antennae
slender, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black; second joint slightly thick-
ened and yellowish ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped excavation, luteous,
darker and with pale scales on inner side ; hairs of whorls sparse, moderate, black.
Clypeus short, broad, rounded triangular, black, nude. Eyes black. Occiput
black, broadly clothed on the vertex with narrow, curved, dull creamy scales,
on the sides broad, yellowish white ones, with an ill-defined lateral black patch,
many short, erect, forked, pale scales on the nape ; bristles along margins of eyes
black, those projecting between the eyes pale.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, black, clothed with lanceolate,
yellowish-white scales and dark bristles. Mesonotum black, clothed with nar-
row, curved scales, creamy white and golden brown ; a broad median stripe and
on posterior third narrow sublateral stripes of golden-brown scales, scales along
anterior edge, sides of disk and about antescutellar space yellowish white ;
humeral angles golden-brown-scaled. Scutellum trilobate, black, clothed with
narrow curved yellowish-white scales, each lobe with a group of brown bristles.
Postnotum elliptical, prominent, blackish, nude. Pleurae black, coxas luteous,
clothed above with narrow, curved yellowish scales, below with patches of
broadly elliptical, flat, white scales and rows of pale bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical tapering posteriorly ; dorsal vestiture black, with
rather narrow white basal segmental bands which widen to triangular patches
on sides, the first segment with white scales and with numerous fine pale hairs ;
venter entirely whitish scaled. Cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell much shorter than
its cell, that of second posterior cell also shorter than its cell ; basal cross-vein
distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein; scales deep brown, the
outstanding ones broadly linear. Halteres pale, with whitish knobs.

Legs moderately long and slender; femora yellowish-white scaled below, with
black ones above and a black ring before the tip; knees white; tibiae largely
whitish scaled below, black above, tips of hind pair black ; tarsi bronzy brown
scaled, beneath with many pale scales forming a distinct line on first two seg-
ments ancf becoming fewer outwardly, the terminal joints entirely dark. Claw
formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Male. — Proboscis moderate, straight, bronzy-brown scaled. Palpi exceeding
the proboscis by the length of the last joint ; end of long joint and last two joints

742

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

somewhat swollen ; vestiture deep bronzy brown ; long hairs on end of long joint
and the last two joints long and abundant, deep brown with a pale reflection in
certain lights. Antenna? plumose, the last two joints long and slender, pilose,
the others shorter, blackish ; hairs of whorls long dense, brownish black. Color-
ation similar to the female. Abdomen elongate, depressed ; dorsal white bands
broader than in the female; lateral ciliation dense, fine, pale yellow. Wings
narrower than in the female, stems of the fork-cells longer, but still shorter
than their cells ; vestiture less abundant. Posterior tibia? with a fringe of rather
long dense hairs. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-1.1.
Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Genitalia (plate 27, fig. 183) : Side-pieces more than twice as long as wide;
apical lobe well developed, prominent, continued broadly along side-piece to
basal lobe, which is conically prominent and bears numerous seta?, a stout
hooked spine with an attendant group of smaller spines. Clasp-filament slender,
moderate, slightly expanded in middle, notched towards apex and bearing a few
fine seta?, a long articulated terminal spine. Harpagones with a stout, thick,
nearly straight columnar base with two small seta? on inner side, bearing an
articulated terminal filament, short and widened in the middle. Harpes ellipti-
cal, concave, curved, inner margin thickened and revolute, tip pointed and curved
outward. Unci approximate, revolute, forming a large basal cone. Basal
appendages remote, bearing four or five stout terminal seta?.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 120, fig. 413). — Head rounded, widest through eyes;
antenna? rather small, uniform, minutely spinulated; hair-tuft small, situated
before middle ; both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single, ante-antennal tufts in fives.
Lateral abdominal hairs in twos on second to sixth segments. Tracheal tubes
broad. Lateral comb of eighth segment of about twenty-five scales in a patch,
the single scale shortly fringed laterally, with a long sharp apex, as long as
body of scale. Air-tube rather less than three times as long as wide, slightly
tapering outwardly ; pecten of evenly spaced teeth reaching slightly beyond mid-
dle of tube, followed by a single small tuft of about five hairs. Anal segment
longer than wide, with a large dorsal plate that reaches to near the ventral line ;
dorsal tuft a long hair and tuft on each side ; ventral brush with small tufts pre-
ceding the barred area; anal gills long, tapering, pointed, equal.

The adults flew later in the season than those of Aedes pullatus and showed
more of a tendency to enter the house. The larva? were obtained the next season
from eggs laid by captured females, so that it is probable that there is but a
single annual generation with hibernation in the egg state, the larva? breeding
in the early spring pools, but perhaps not emerging so early. They were not
found in nature. Dr. Dyar says :

" This species appeared rather late in the season, no examples being seen
till the end of June, after which it became fairly abundant. The flies were per-
sistent in their attacks, alighting and biting at once, without the preliminary

deliberations seen in other species This is the summer mosquito of the

Kootenays and lasted longer than any other of the single-brooded species. Eggs
were obtained of the usual spindle shape, rather thick and unusually small, laid
singly. They have hibernated."

Northern Eocky Mountains, in Canada.

Kaslo, British Columbia, end of June to August, 1903 (H. G. Dyar) ;
Nanoose Bay, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, August 1, 1903 (J.
Fletcher) .

Aedes aestivalis has no doubt a wider distribution than indicated by our
localities. It is impossible to determine accurately species in this group from
captured females in indifferent condition such as usually received. We have
therefore omitted doubtful records, but consider it safe to refer here the speci-

AEDES HIRSUTERON

743

mens from Nanoose Bay. This species is inseparable from Aedes hirsuteron,
either by the coloration of the adults, or male genitalic characters. The larvae,
too, are similar, but differ in the head-hairs. This, together with the different
distribution, causes us to hold the species separate, at least until the receipt of
fresh material.

AEDES HIRSUTERON (Theobald).

Culex hirsuteron Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 98, 1901.

Gulex hirsuteros Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 451, 1902.

Culex reptans Smith (not Linne, not Meigen), Bull. 171, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., 38, 1904.
Culex pretans Grossbeck, Ent. News, xv, 332, 1904.
Culex pretans Smith & Grossbeck, Psyche, xii, 17, 1905.
Culex pretans Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 291, 1905.
Culex pretans Britton & Viereck, Rept. Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta., 1904, 271, 273, 274,
pi. xii, 1905.

Culex hirsuteron Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt., fasc. 26, 27, 1905.

Culex hirsuteron Blanchard, Les Moust., 350, 1905.

Culex pretans Blanchard, Les Moust., 630, 1905.

Aedes pretans Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 201, 1906.

Ochlerotatus pretans Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 18, 1906.

Ochlerotatus hirsuteron Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 21, 1906.

Culicada pretans Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 353, 1907.

Culex (Ochlerotatus) pretans Viereck, 1st Ann. Rept. Comm. Health Pa., 470, 1908.

Ochlerotatus pretans Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circ. 72, 6, 1906.

Aedes pretans Thibault, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xii, 18, 1910.

Culicada pretans Theobald, Mon. Culic, t, 305, 1910.

Culex hirsuteron Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 358, 1910.

Aedes pretans Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 719, 1910.

Original Description of Culex hirsuteron :

Thorax brown, with scattered creamy scales (a dark median stripe when de-
nuded). Abdomen deep brown with basal bands of white scales, except on the last
two segments, which have a basal patch of white scales on each side. Ungues of
J all uniserrated, simple.

$. Head dark brown, densely covered with creamy curved scales in the middle and
with scattered upright forked ones, sides of the head with a small patch of almost
black flat scales; antennae nearly brown, with pale pubescence, the first two basal
joints being clear testaceous, the basal one having a few pale scales upon it on the
inner side; palpi covered with brown to almost black scales; proboscis very dark
brown, faintly testaceous at the base; clypeus deep testaceous; eyes black, in some
with gold and silver reflections.

Thorax brown, with scattered curved creamy scales, when denuded showing a
dark stripe in the middle; scutellum paler brown, with a few curved creamy scales
and bright brown bristles; metanotum deep chestnut-brown, with more or less
purplish reflections; pleurae dark testaceous-brown, with patches of creamy- white
scales.

Abdomen covered with deep brown scales, with a purplish reflection under the
microscope, with a basal band of white scales to each segment, except the last two,
which have a basal patch of white scales on each side; posterior borders with pale
hairs, but brown in some lights; on the venter the abdomen is paler brown, with
scattered creamy-white scales.

Legs brown, unhanded; coxae chestnut-brown, with a few white scales; femora
ochraceous, with scattered dusky-brown scales, but with white scales beneath, the
rest of the legs brown; ungues of the fore, mid and hind legs equal, thick, uniser-
rated. In some specimens the legs are paler brown than in others, and there is a
pale knee spot on the hind legs in one of the series.

Wings with long brown scales, testaceous at the root, rather more densely scaled
than usual in the genus Culex ; first sub-marginal cell very little longer and narrower
than the second posterior cell, its stem slightly shorter than the fork; the base of
the second posterior cell a little nearer the base of the wing than that of the first
sub-marginal cell, its stem a little shorter than the cell; posterior cross-vein more
than its own length distant from the mid cross-vein, the latter longer than the
supernumerary cross-vein. Halteres ochraceous.

Length. — 3 to 3.5 mm.

Habitat— Woodstock, Virginia, U. S. A. (F. C. Pratt).
Time of capture. — June.

744

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Observations. — Professor Howard kindly sent four of this species from the United
States National Museum. It is a small gnat, quite distinct from any I have seen
outside the American Continent, and may at once be told by its compactness, its
banded abdomen, and the wing venation and densely scaled wings. They were sent
by him under the name C. pungens, Wied., but they do not answer at all to the short
description of that species, nor do they agree with either Howard's or Coquillett's
specimens, for in both Howard's figure of C. pungens and Coquillett's table of North
American species we find the $ has simple, not uniserrated ungues. I can find no
species described answering to those sent by Professor Howard.

Original Description of Culex pretans :

J. — Head brown, occiput almost covered with pale yellow scales, some of which
collect In a distinct border to the eyes, and with a small patch of dark brown scales on
each side; antennae dark brown, the basal two joints pale testaceous; proboscis and
palpi dark brown, the terminal joint of the latter almost obsolete. Mesonotum
brown with numerous yellowish scales and a usually well defined, broad median vitta
of brown scales, which does not quite reach the anterior margin and is slightly
constricted centrally; there are two other patches of scales of the same color, about
one-third the length of the thorax, at the base of this vitta, separated from it by a
narrow line of yellow scales; scutellum brown, with many yellowish bristles;
metanotum evenly dark brown; pleura dark brown, with patches of pure white
scales; halteres yellowish white, brown at the apex. Abdomen brownish black, the
segments with narrow whitish basal bands, which become wide at the sides; be-
neath it is clothed with dirty white scales, mixed with some brown ones near the
apical margin of the segments. The bands are usually clearly defined, and though
narrow, are rarely obsolete. Legs with coxae yellowish; femora brown above,
creamy white beneath, and with a dot of the same color at the knee; tibiae dark
brown above, yellowish beneath; tarsi wholly brownish black; claws uniserrated on
all feet; wings hyaline, petiole of first submarginal cell about half as long as this cell.
Length 5 mm.

Described from fifteen females, one of which, with a male, was bred from larvae.
Habitat: Chester, Trenton, Lake Hopatcong, and Great Piece Meadows — all in
New Jersey.

Types: in the collection of the New Jersey Experiment Station.

The only male was dissected; in color it does not differ from the female, but the
thoracic stripe is slightly diffused and the abdominal banding is broader and less
defined. The palpi are uniformly brown; the claws of the anterior and mid feet
unequal, the larger biserrated, the smaller uniserrated, while the posterior ones are
equal and uniserrated. Petiole of first submarginal cell not quite the length of this
cell. Length 5.3. mm.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes hirsuteron :

Female. — Proboscis moderately long and slender, subcylindrical, uniform;
labellae conically tapered; vestiture black; seta? on labellse minute, outstanding.
Palpi short, about one-fifth as long as proboscis, black, the setae moderate,
bristly. Antennas slender, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black, second joint
slightly thickened and paler; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped excavation,
luteous, darker within with a patch of whitish scales ; hairs of whorls moderate,
sparse, black. Clypeus rounded triangular, prominent, black, nude. Eyes black.
Occiput black, broadly clothed with narrow, curved, yellowish white scales, on
the sides broad, creamy white ones, with well-defined lateral black patch, many
short, erect, forked pale scales on the nape ; bristles along margins of eyes black,
those projecting between the eyes pale.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsal ly, black, clothed with narrow yel-
lowish-white scales and dark bristles. Mesonotum black, clothed with narrow,
curved scales, a broad median stripe and short sublateral ones posteriorly above
roots of wings of bright bronzy-brown scales, the humeral angles also brown;
scales along anterior edge, sides of disk, and about the antescutellar space
yellowish white. Scutellum trilobate, black, clothed with narrow, curved yel-
lowish-white scales, each lobe with a group of pale brown bristles. Postnotum
elliptical, prominent, blackish, nude. Pleura black, coxse luteous, clothed with
patches of elliptical, flat, white scales and rows of pale bristles, some narrower
yellowish scales along upper margin.

AEDES HIRSUTERON

745

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly ; dorsal vestiture black, with
rather narrow white basal segmental bands which widen to triangular patches
on the sides, the first segment with white scales and numerous fine pale hairs ;
venter entirely white-scaled. Cerci prominent, black.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell slightly shorter than
its cell, that of second posterior cell about as long as its cell ; basal cross-vein
distant about its own length from anterior cross- vein ; scales brown, black on the
costa, the outstanding ones broadly linear. Halteres whitish, with darker knobs.

Legs moderately long and slender; femora yellowish-white scaled below, black
above and with a black ring before tip; knees white scaled; tibia? largely pale
scaled below, black above, the tips of hind pair black; tarsi brown with sub-
metallic luster and with pale scales beneath becoming indistinct outwardly.
Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Male. — Proboscis slender and straight, rather long. Palpi exceeding the
proboscis by the length of the last joint; end of long joint and last two joints
somewhat swollen ; vestiture brown ; hairs on end of long joint and the last two
joints long and abundant, brown with a whitish reflection in certain lights.
Antenna? plumose, the last two joints long and slender, pilose, the others
shorter, blackish; hairs of whorls long dense, brownish-black with silky luster.
Coloration similar to the female. Abdomen long, depressed, the white segmental
bands wider than in the female and more produced laterally; lateral ciliation
long, fine and abundant, pale yellow. Wings narrower than in the female, stems
of fork-cells longer, vestiture less abundant. Posterior tibiae with a fringe of
long, fine, rather dense hairs. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Genitalia (plate 26, fig. 180) : Side-pieces nearly three times as long as wide ;
apical lobe well developed, prominent, continued broadly along side-piece to
basal lobe, which is conically prominent and bears numerous short setae, a stout
hooked spine with an attendant group of smaller spines. Clasp-filament slender,
moderate, slightly thickened medianly, notched towards apex and bearing a few
fine setas, a long, articulated terminal spine. Harpagones with a stout, thick,
nearly straight, curved columnar base with two small setae on inner side,
minutely setose, bearing an articulated terminal filament, short, widened in the
middle. Harpes elliptical, concave, curved, inner margin thickened and revo-
lute, tip pointed and curved outward. Unci approximate, revolute, forming a
small basal cylinder. Basal appendages remote, bearing four or five stout ter-
minal setas.

Larva, Stage IV (see figure of the entire larva, plate 71). — Head rounded,
narrowing slightly before eyes, a slight notch at insertion of antennae, front mar-
gin broadly arcuate. Antennae moderate, slightly swollen at base, spined all over
with large and small spines, the small spines in rows ; tuft moderate, before the
middle ; four short terminal spines of different lengths, one long one, and a short
rounded process. Eyes large, transverse, pointed. Upper pair of dorsal head-
tuft with three hairs, lower pair with two hairs, ante-antennal tufts multiple.
Mental plate broadly triangular, apical half less steeply angled ; a central tooth
and seventeen on each side, the basal five much larger and widely spaced. Man-
dible quadrangular, a few spines outwardly ; two long filaments toward tip in
front of a thorn-shaped notch; a row of cilia outwardly from a collar; fifteen
filaments on outer margin, the basal three fringed ; dentition of four teeth on a
process, nearly equal ; three filamentous processes before, a tooth at base with a
short furcation, a broad filament and five fringed ones within ; process cleft-
furcate, with tufts of hair and a row of five sparsely placed hairs ; angle below
rounded; four filamentous hairs within; a row of long hairs at base. Maxilla
conical, divided by a suture ; inner half with a slight notch above, densely hairy

48

746

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

except toward the suture, a row of stout spines on inner edge, a brush of long
hair at the tip ; outer half with a fringe of little hairs next the suture above,
an irregular patch below, two filaments adjacent to the suture at the middle, a
6pine on the other side, a row of serrations on margin next the palpus; palpus
short, thick, with four minute terminal digits and a central rounded elevation.
Thorax rounded, transverse, wider than long, hairs rather abundant, moderate,
the subdorsal prothoracic hairs a small tuft followed by a single long hair.
Abdomen stout, rather long, the anterior segments shorter; hairs sparse, the
laterals double to fifth segment, single on sixth; secondary hairs moderate;
tracheal tubes broad, band-shaped, expanded in the segments. Air-tube stout,
slightly tapered on apical half, about three times as long as wide ; pecten reach-
ing to middle, uniform, without detached teeth ; pecten tooth a long spine with
broad base and a basal branch ; a single tuft of about five hairs following the
pecten. Lateral comb of eighth segment of rather numerous scales in a patch ;
single scales broadly elliptical, fringed outwardly with short spines and with
a single long stout apical spine. Anal segment about as long as wide; dorsal
plate reaching near the ventral line, with an even margin ; dorsal tuft a brush and
rather long hair on either side ; ventral brush well developed, with short tufts
preceding barred area towards base; a single small lateral hair; anal gills mod-
erate, ensiform, about twice as long as anal segment.

The larvae develop in the pools of early spring from overwintering eggs.
There is but one brood in the season. Britton and Viereck, in Connecticut,
found this species in great abundance ; they say :

" Has formerly been regarded as a comparatively rare woodland species. At
Hartford we found it breeding by the million in wooded pools at south meadows,
from which it spread into the adjoining portion of the city, becoming the most
troublesome mosquito."

In 1905 Dyar and Knab visited the locality on the outskirts of Hartford indi-
cated by Britton and Viereck. On April 25th the brood was already well
advanced and pupae predominated over larvae. Associated with them were a few
larvas of Aides fuscus, these being still small. The appearance and development
of the larvas of Aides hirsuteron, according to our experience, is about coin-
cident with Aides canadensis, the former, however, being much more local.
Smith reports the species as rather rare in New Jersey and captures of adults as
late as September 10th and 16th. We have well preserved specimens taken in
July and August, which indicates that, as in other species overwintering in the
egg state, a part of the eggs fail to hatch in the spring and do so later, when the
pools are again filled by rains. Thibault observed the species in Arkansas and
says :

" An early mosquito, sometimes abundant in suitable places. In thickets and
grassy places and about dwellings. Does not enter houses. Breeds in transient
grassy pools in fields and thickets. An eager biter. Taken in March, April, and
May, and after rains throughout the summer, though only sparingly after May.
Males appear first and are at all times more plentiful than females."

Eastern United States, from New Hampshire southward to Texas.

Dublin, New Hampshire, June, 1905 (A. Busck) ; South Amherst, Massa-
chusetts, July 10, 1903 (G. Dimmock) ; Westfield, Massachusetts, July 14, 1903
(F. Knab) ; Chicopee, Massachusetts, July 8, 1903 (F. Knab) ; Hartford, Con-
necticut, larvae April 25, 1905 (Dyar and. Knab) ; Great Piece Meadow, New
Jersey, April 27 (J. B. Smith coll.) ; Herzog's Island, Potomac Eiver, Mary-
land, April 26, 1903 (W. V. Warner) ; Woodstock, Virginia, June 2, 1903,
August 4, 1904 (F. C. Pratt) ; Paris, Texas, April 4, 1904 (A. A. Girault).

AEDES CENTROTUS

747

Reported also from Trenton, Lake Hopatcong and Chester, New Jersey (J. B.
Smith); Scott, Arkansas (Thibault).

We possess specimens from the same locality as Theobald's types of hirsuteron
and we have cotypes of Grossbeck's pretans and find that both represent but one
species. The species has an unusually southern distribution for a species of this
group. It is represented in the northern Rocky Mountain region by Aides
aestivalis, to which it is closely allied, yet apparently distinct on larval characters.

AEDES CENTROTUS, new species.
Description of Female ob' Aedes centrotus (Male and Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis rather long and slender, uniform ; labellae conically
tapered; vestiture black, with a faint brownish luster; setae minute, curved,
black, those on labellae more prominently outstanding. Palpi short, about one-
fifth as long as the proboscis ; vestiture dull black, with scattered reddish-brown
scales and a few bristles. Antennas filiform, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose,
black; second joint longer than succeeding one, slightly thickened and luteous
basally ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, brown, rather
densely clothed with pale lanceolate scales; hairs of whorls rather short, sparse,
black. Clypeus broadly triangular, rounded in front, blackish, nude. Eyes
black. Occiput black, clothed with dull ocherous yellow scales, narrow curved
ones nearly all over, nape with many creamy-white, upright forked scales, a few
blackish ones intermixed towards sides; sides clothed with broad, flat, dirty
creamy white scales. Bristles along margins of eyes black, those at vertex paler.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with yellowish and whit-
ish lanceolate scales and coarse black bristles. Mesonotum black, clothed with
coarse, narrow curved scales, predominatingly golden brown, becoming more
yellowish over the roots of wings and around the antescutellar space ; a rather
broad median deep brown stripe, becoming indistinct posteriorly ; a short brown
stripe at sides above roots of wings. Scutellum trilobate, black, clothed with
narrow curved pale-yellowish scales, each lobe with a group of pale bristles.
Postnotum elliptical, prominent, blackish brown, nude. Pleuras blackish, coxae
luteous, with rows of pale bristles, clothed with patches of elliptical, flat, white
scales, at anterior angles with narrow, curved golden brown scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly; dorsal vestiture black, the seg-
ments with rather narrow, basal creamy-white bands, which expand laterally,
first segment with dull creamy white scales and with many pale hairs ; venter
creamy-white, with broad, apical, segmental black bands which are produced
medianly to form a longitudinal stripe. Cerci black.

Wings moderately broad, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell more than
half the length of cell, that of second posterior cell longer than its cell ; basal
cross-vein distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales brownish-
black, the outstanding ones very narrowly ligulate. Halteres with whitish
stem and dark-brown knob.

Legs slender and rather long ; vestiture black, with faint bronzy luster ; femora
pale at base and beneath nearly to tip; knees narrowly white; tibiae and bases
of first tarsal joints sprinkled with paler scales beneath. Claw formula,
1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length: Body about 4.5 mm.; wing 4.4 mm.
Type : No. 12281, U. S. Nat. Mus.
The life-history is unknown.

Mr. Kn'ab took a series of 30 females that came to bite in the daytime in
the forest.

Forested region north of Lake Superior, Canada.
White River, Ontario, June 24, 1907 (F. Knab).

748

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

The thoracic pattern and abdominal banding, as in other species, are subject
to considerable variation. Without a good series of bred specimens it will be
impossible to indicate the range of variation or the specific limits.

AEDES PROVOCANS (Walker).

Culex provocans "Walker, List Dipt. Brit. Mus., i, 7, 1848.

Culex provocans Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 327, 1900.

Culex nemorosus Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, ii, 80, 1901.

Culex nemorosus Giles (in part), Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 436, 1902.

Culex nemorosus Felt (not Meigen), Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 332, 1904.

Theobaldinella nemorosa Blanchard (in part), Les Moustiques, 391, 1905.

Ochlerotatus provocans Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 21, 1906.

Culicada nemorosa Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic., iv, 370, 1907.

Culicada nemorosa Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, v, 307, 1910.

Original Description of Cuxex provocans :

Mas.: Rufo-fuscus, capite thorace abdominisque fasciis alio hirtis, antennis
fuscis, pedibus obscurd rufis, alis limpidis.

Body reddish brown, clothed with white hairs, which are most thick on the head
and on the chest: feelers and mouth brown: abdomen with a broad white band of
hairs at the base of each segment: legs dull red: wings colourless; veins pale brown;
poisers yellow, with brown knobs. Length of the body 2% lines; of the wings 5 lines.

a. North America.

&. Nova Scotia. From Lieut. Redman's collection.

Original Description of Culex provocans, Female (Doubtfully Associated) :

Rufo-fuscus, capite thorace abdominisque fasciis flavo hirtis, antennis pedibusque

nigro-fuscis, femoribus flavis, alis limpidis.

Body reddish brown: head and chest clothed with yellow hairs: feelers and mouth

very dark brown: abdomen with a band of yellow hairs at the fore border of each

segment: legs dark brown; thighs yellow, with brown tips: wings colourless; veins

brown. Length of the body 2% lines; of the wings 5 lines.
a. Nova Scotia. From Lieut. Redman's collection.

Description of Female of Aedes provocans (Male and Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis rather long, subcylindrical, uniform; labellae conically
tapered ; vestiture black, somewhat paler beneath ; setae minute, curved, black,
those on labellas more prominently outstanding. Palpi short, about one-fifth as
long as the proboscis, black ; setae moderate, bristly. Antennae filiform, the joints
subequal, rugose, pilose, black; second joint longer than third, thickened,
luteous, dark at tip; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation,
luteous, with some small creamy scales, a few similar scales on the second joint ;
hairs of whorls moderate, sparse, black. Clypeus broadly rounded triangular,
prominent, black, nude. Eyes black. Occiput black, the scales on vertex nar-
row, curved, pale yellowish, on sides broad, creamy white ; erect forked scales on
nape whitish, a few blackish ones towards sides ; bristles along margins of eyes
black, those projecting between the eyes pale.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, black, clothed with narrow whit-
ish scales and brown bristles. Mesonotum deep brown, clothed with narrow
curved scales, those towards sides coarse, a median stripe of reddish-brown ones
occupying less than one-third the width of the disk, scales on sides pale golden
brown, becoming creamy at margins and around the antescutellar space.
Scutellum trilobate, brown, clothed with narrow curved creamy-white scales,
each lobe with a group of brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent,
brownish, nude. Pleurae brown, coxae luteous, with rows of pale bristles, clothed
with patches of elliptical, flat white scales, those at upper anterior angles narrow,
curved, pale golden brown.

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly; dorsal vestiture dull black,
with rather broad, white, basal, segmental bands, which widen to form triangu-
lar patches on the sides ; venter whitish-scaled, with a median longitudinal line
of dark scales and indications of dark apical segmental bands. Cerci black.

AEDES AUROIDES

749

Wings rather broad, hyaline, slightly infnscated ; petiole of second marginal
cell shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell about the same length as
its cell ; basal cross-vein a little less than its own length distant from anterior
cross-vein; scales dusky, those on costal margin black, the outstanding ones
broadly linear. Halteres whitish, with dark knobs.

Legs moderately long and slender; femora whitish scaled below, with black
ones above and a black ring before tip; knees white; tibiae largely pale-scaled
below, bronzy-brown above, tips black; tarsi black with a bronzy luster, some-
what paler beneath. Claw formula, 1.1—1.1—1.1.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 4.3 mm.

Life history and habits unknown.

Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Labrador, Canada.

Younghall, New Brunswick, July 2, 1908 (A. Gibson) ; July 6, 1908 (J.
Fletcher) ; Cape Charles, Labrador, July 28, 1906 (C. W, Johnson) ; St. Lewis
Inlet, Labrador, July 12, 1906 (C. W. Johnson) ; Bigolet, Labrador, July 18,
1906 (C. W. Johnson). Also reported from Nova Scotia (Walker).

Walker described Aides provocans from Nova Scotia. We have no specimens
from that locality, nor have we had an opportunity to study Walker s types ;
but we venture to identify the present specimens with this species rather than
to describe them under a new name.

AEDES AUROIDES (Felt) Dyar & Knab.

Culicelsa auroides Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 448, 449, 1905.

Culicelsa auroides Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xiv, 109, 1906.

Aedes auroides Dyar & Knab. Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xiv, 197, 1906.

Ochlerotatus auroides Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 21, 1906.

Ochlerotatus auroides Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circ. 72, 5, 1906.

Culiselsa auroides Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 380, 1907.

Culicelsa auroides Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 322, 1910.

Original Description of Culicelsa auroides:

Several larva? of this species were taken at Elizabethtown, N. Y., and were at first
supposed to be the young of C. aurifer Coq. A close study, however, showed marked
structural differences between the two in the larval stage, though the adults present
a very similar appearance. It is therefore described as a new form.

Female. Proboscis dark brown, about two thirds the length of the body. Palpi
short, dark brown, third segment about one third the length of the stout uniform
fourth segment; fifth rudimentary. Antennae a little shorter than the proboscis.
Basal segment yellowish brown, fuscous internally and with an inconspicuous patch
of whitish scales dorsally and internally; other segments dark brown with medium
basal whorls and thinly clothed with short golden setae. Occiput thickly clothed
with curved, golden yellow scales and with numerous erect, golden yellow, fork scales
posteriorly. Mesonotum with a conspicuous median stripe of rich brown scales,
becoming yellowish, thinner and obsolete posteriorly. A short, sublaterai line of the
same color occurs on the posterior third; other portions of mesonotum rather thickly
clothed with golden yellow scales. Pleura thickly clothed with silvery white scales.
Scutellum rather thickly clothed with long, golden yellow scales and with a con-
spicuous median and smaller lateral apical groups of long, golden yellow setae;
postscutellum smooth, dark brown. Halteres, apical portion slightly fuscous, basal
semitransparent, whitish. Abdomen dark brown with distinct basal yellowish
white bands, slightly prolonged laterally. Terminal lobes fuscous. Ventral surface
suffused with yellowish white scales. Coxae brownish yellow, rather thickly
clothed with whitish scales; legs brown, unhanded. Femora and tibiae yellowish
white ventrally; tarsi dark brown, tarsal claws unidentate. Wings with costa and
first longitudinal vein thickly clothed with purple brown scales, subcosta and other
veins more sparsely ornamented; fringe a purplish gray. Petiole of first submarginal
cell about two thirds the length of the cell; that of the second nearly as long as its
cell. Posterior cross vein a little over its own length from the mid cross vein.

Described from a freshly bred, isolated specimen obtained May 12 in the larval
stage at Elizabethtown N. Y. The larva presents some marked differences, par-
ticularly in the shape of the antenna? at least, from that of the typical aurifer
received from Mr. Brakeley of Hornerstown N. J.

750

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Larva about % inch. long. Antenna brown, sligbtly fuscous apically, stout,
slightly swollen at the base, gently curved and tapering gradually to a somewhat
blunt apex. Tuft at the basal third consisting of about four apparently simple
hairs. Tip with one long segmented apical process, a shorter, much more slender
one, a stout, long process and a considerably stouter, short one. Surface, specially
apically, ornamented with rather large, stout, somewhat isolated, chitinous spines.
Labial plate broadly triangular with about 25 rather fine teeth. Comb consisting of
a somewhat triangular patch of about 16 scales, each with a spatulate, enlarged base,
coarsely and rather sparsely setose on the sides and with a stout subapical and a
rather long apical spine, the latter as long or longer than the body of the scale. Air
tube stout, about three times as long as broad, slightly swollen at the basal third and
tapering gradually to the tip. Pecten consisting of two rows of closely set, stout,
dentate spines, 20 to 24 in each, with a compound hair just beyond the tip of each
and at about the middle of the air tube, each tooth usually with one large and two
or three smaller denticulations, basal portion about one half the length of the longer
terminal spine. Chitinous ring of ninth segment about two thirds as long as broad,
inclosing the entire segment, barred area short. Dorsally there is a long, simple
caudal seta.

This larva presents a striking resemblance to that of the typical C. aurifer larvae
from New Jersey. A close examination, however, shows that marked differences are
presented by the antennae, the tuft being at the basal third in this form instead of
beyond the middle, as in the true aurifer. There are more teeth in the labial plate
and an examination of the comb scales reveals a considerable difference between
the lateral serrations at the base which, in this form, have the two subapical teeth
on either side of the central spine considerably stouter than the preceding ones,
whereas in the true aurifer there is no such marked difference. The teeth of the
pecten are more closely set and in aurifer the base of each pecten tooth is a little
stouter and usually possesses more serrations. The chitinous ring of the ninth seg-
ment incloses the segment in this form and does not in aurifer.

Description of Female, Male, and Labva of Aedes auboides :

Female. — Proboscis moderately long, subcylindrical, uniform; labellse coni-
cally tapered ; vestiture black ; setae on labellse minute, curved, black, outstand-
ing. Palpi short, less than one-fifth as long as proboscis, black ; setae moderate,
bristly. Antennae filiform, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black; second
joint longer than third, slightly thickened and paler at base ; tori subspherical,
with a cup-shaped apical excavation, luteous, darker and with a patch of whitish
scales on inner side ; hairs of whorls moderate, sparse, black. Clypeus rounded
triangular, prominent, black, nude. Eyes black. Occiput black, scales on vertex
narrow, broad on sides, light golden yellow, a little paler laterally ; many short,
erect forked pale scales on the nape ; bristles along margins of eyes black, those
projecting between the eyes pale.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, black, clothed with narrowly
and broadly lanceolate yellowish-white scales and brown bristles. Mesonotum
black, clothed with narrow curved scales, a distinct straight stripe medianly
of smaller bronzy-brown scales which does not reach antescutellar space, sides
pale golden yellow, with more or less of a brown tint, paler at anterior angles
and posteriorly ; bristles around the antescutellar space and over roots of wings
golden yellow. Scutellum trilobate, black, clothed with narrow, curved, pale-
golden yellow scales and each lobe with golden yellow bristles. Postnotum
elliptical, prominent, blackish, nude. Pleura black, coxas luteous, with rows of
pale bristles; clothed with patches of elliptical, flat white scales, prothoracic
epimera clothed with narrow, curved brown scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly; dorsal vestiture black, with
rather narrow, white, basal segmental bands which are narrow or obsolete cen-
trally and widen to triangular patches on the sides ; first segment with whitish
scales and many fine pale hairs ; venter whitish scaled, with the tips of the seg-
ments centrally black marked ; cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell shorter than its cell,
that of second posterior cell about the same length as its cell ; basal cross-vein
distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein; scales blackish brown,
the outstanding ones broadly linear. Halteres whitish, with darker knobs.

AEDES ATJEOIDES

751

Legs moderately long and slender; femora yellowish-white scaled below, with
black scales above and a black ring before the tip; knees white-scaled; tibiae
largely white-scaled below, black above, tips of hinder pair black; tarsi black
scaled, the basal joint beneath with white scales, becoming fewer outwardly, the
terminal joints entirely black. Claw formula, 1.1—1.1—1.1.

Length: Body about 4.5 mm.; wing 4 mm.

Male. — Proboscis long and slender, straight, black scaled. Palpi exceeding
the proboscis by the length of the last joint; end of long joint and last two joints
somewhat swollen and with dense long hairs, black with brownish luster; vesti-
ture black. Antennae plumose, the last two joints long and slender, rugose,
pilose, black, the others short, blackish ; hairs of whorls long, dense, brownish-
black. Coloration similar to the female, the sides of the mesonotum paler, of
a whitish golden yellow without any brown tint. Abdomen elongate, depressed,
the segmental white bands broader and more produced at the sides; lateral cilia-
tion of long and abundant fine pale hairs. Wings narrower than in the female,
the stems of the fork-cells longer, the vestiture less abundant. Claw formula,
1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Genitalia (plate 26, fig. 177) : Side-pieces more than twice as long as wide;
apical lobe well developed, prominent, continued narrowly along the side-piece ;
basal lobe prominent, roundedly quadrate, densely setose and with a stout seta
near its base. Clasp-filament slender, moderate, nearly uniform, notched
towards apex and bearing a few fine setae, a long articulated terminal spine.
Harpagones with a moderately long columnar base, its basal portion somewhat
thicker than the outer portion, minutely setose inwardly, bearing a rather small
terminal filament, elliptical, with attenuated pointed tip. Harpes elliptical,
concave, curved, inner margin thickened and revolute, tip pointed and curved
outward. Unci approximate, revolute, forming a small basal cylinder. Basal
appendages remote, bearing four or five stout terminal seta?.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 123, fig. 427). — Antenna? cylindrical, slightly curved,
rather sparsely spined ; a moderate tuft just beyond basal third ; a long spine,
two short ones, and a digit at tip. Dorsal head-hairs in twos, ante-antennal tufts
four-haired. Mental plate triangular, with a central tooth and thirteen on each
side, the basal ones more remote and pointed, the last small. Mandible quadran-
gular, with slight dentitions on outer margin ; two filaments from a notch before
tip ; an outer row of cilia from a collar ; a row of filaments on outer margin ;
dentition of four teeth on a process, the first and third long; a spine before, two
small teeth at base, a flat filament and five curved feathered hairs within ; proc-
ess below broad and thick, widely furcate, with four hair patches ; basal angle
prominent, with a row of long hairs within ; a row of long hairs at base. Maxilla
shortly conical, divided by a band-shaped suture; inner half with lower part
prominent, angularly inflected in the middle; a marginal and submarginal row
of cilia and a patch within near the suture, a tuft of long hairs at tip ; outer
half with a band of hairs and two long articulated filaments next the suture ;
palpus short and stout, with four small terminal digits and a central promi-
nence. Air-tube tapered, about three times as long as wide ; pecten teeth evenly
spaced, not reaching the middle, followed at about the middle by a single tuft
of about four hairs ; single pecten-tooth a stout spine with three teeth on basal
half. Lateral comb of eighth segment of about fourteen scales in a triangular
patch ; single scale drawn out into a long stout thorn, sides with a few small
spinules. ,Anal segment longer than broad, ringed by the plate; dorsal tuft a
brush and hair on each side ; a lateral hair ; ventral brush well developed, con-
fined to the barred area; anal gills well developed, longer than anal segment,
tapered to a point.

752

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Aides auroides is one of the early spring species. Dr. Felt bred his only speci-
men from larva? taken with the other early species, while Mr. Busck found the
larvae commonly associated with the other spring forms.

Northern New York to New Hampshire.

Dublin, New Hampshire, May and June, 1909 (A. Busck). Also reported
from Elizabethtown, New York (Felt).

Aedes auroides is readily distinguished by the male genitalia or the larva?.
Well-marked females can be told by the thoracic ornamentation, but this is
subject to considerable variation, the brown mesial stripe becoming faint, or the
lateral coloration darkened, or both. We have felt obliged to use the char-
acters of the thoracic ornamentation to separate the species of this group in our
tables, because we know of no other characters, but it should be kept in mind
that they are variable and no absolute reliance should be placed upon them.

It is probable that this species has a wider distribution than here given and
it may be the same as Aedes provocans Walker, which we recognize from more
northerly localities. We can not, however, decide this point with our present
material.

AEDES ABSERRATUS (Felt & Young) Morse.

Gulex abserratus Pelt & Young, Science, n. s., xx, 312, 1904.

Gulex punctor Dyar (not Kirby), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vi, 39, 1904.

Gulex punctor Dyar (not Kirby), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xii, 169, 245, 1904.

Gulex punctor Coquillett (not Kirby), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vi, 168, 1904.

Gulex abserratus Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 329, 1904.

Culicada abserratus Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 391c, 1904.

Cfrabhamia punctor Dyar (not Kirby), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiii, 186, 1905.

Culicada abserratus Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 467, 1905.

Aedes punctor Dyar & Knab (not Kirby), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 194, 1906.

Ochlerotatus punctor Dyar (not Kirby), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Circ. 72, 4, 1906.

Ochlerotatus abserratus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 19, 1906.

Culicada abserrata Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 364, 1907.

Culicada abserrata Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 306, 1910.

Culicada punctor Theobald (in part, not Kirby), Mon. Culic, v, 309, 1910.

Aedes abserratus Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 719, 1910.

Original Description of Ctjlex abserratus :

Another very interesting larva was met with June 14 in a cold mountain pool at
Elizabethtown, N. Y., and may be easily recognized by the comb consisting of but six
to seven thorn-like scales arranged in a curved line, with a large, finely setose,
spatulate base and with a stout, apical spine. The air tube is about three times as
long as wide, tapering regularly and with double posterior pecten on the basal third,
each row consisting of twelve to fifteen closely set, stout spines, each bearing near
the basal third one large and usually a smaller tooth. This larva produced an adult,
Gulex abserratus n. sp., which resembles C. impiger very closely and may be sepa-
rated therefrom by the posterior cross vein being its own length or more from the
mid cross vein, the thorax spotless, basal abdominal bands distinct, and the petiole
of the first submarginal cell one half the length of the cell.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes abserratus :

Female. — Proboscis rather long, subcylindrical, uniform; labellae conically
tapered ; vestiture black ; setae on the labella? minute, outstanding. Palpi short,
about one-fifth as long as the proboscis, black, the seta? moderate, bristly.
Antenna? filiform, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black, second joint slightly
thickened and paler; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped excavation, luteous
brown, some white scales on inner side ; hairs of whorls sparse, moderate, black.
Clypeus rounded triangular, prominent, black, nude. Eyes black. Occiput
black, scales on vertex narrow, on the sides broad, yellowish-white on vertex,
with some golden-brown scales each side of middle line, dull white on the sides,
and an ill-defined lateral black patch, many short, erect, forked pale scales on
nape; bristles along margins of eyes black, those projecting between the eyes
pale.

AEDES ABSERRATUS

753

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, black, clothed with narrow
golden-brown scales and dark bristles. Mesonotum black, evenly clothed with
narrow, curved scales, bright bronzy brown, an indistinct, slightly darker
median stripe of smaller scales, scales over antescutellar space yellowish white.
Scutellum trilobate, black, clothed with narrow, curved, yellowish-white scales,
each lobe with a group of pale bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, black-
ish, nude. Pleurae brown, coxae luteous, with rows of pale bristles ; clothed with
patches of elliptical flat white scales, the prothoracic epimera with narrow
curved bronzy brown scales like those on mesonotum.

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly ; dorsal vestiture black, with
moderate, white, basal segmental bands, broader posteriorly, which widen to tri-
angular patches on the sides; first segment with white scales and numerous
fine pale hairs ; venter whitish scaled, the last two or three segments with black,
apical lateral patches. Cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell shorter than its cell,
that of second posterior cell about the same length as its cell ; basal cross-vein
distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales dull brown, the
outstanding ones broadly linear. Halteres whitish, knobs dark.

Legs moderate ; femora yellowish-white scaled below with black ones above
and a black ring before tip; knees white ; tibiae largely pale scaled below, black
above, tips black; tarsi black scaled, the basal joint with many pale scales
beneath becoming fewer outwardly, terminal joints entirely black. Claw for-
mula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Male. — Proboscis long and slender, straight, black scaled. Palpi nearly as
long as proboscis, blunt at tip ; end of long joint and last two joints somewhat
swollen; vestihire black; hairs on the end of long joint and on last two joints
long, dense, black with a yellowish reflection in certain lights. Antenna? plu-
mose, the last two joints long and slender, pilose, the others short, blackish;
hairs of whorls long, dense, brownish black with yellow luster. Coloration
similar to the female. Wings narrower than in the female, stems of the fork-
cells longer, vestiture less abundant. Abdomen elongate, depressed, with dense,
long and pale lateral ciliation ; dorsal white segmental bands broader and more
expanded laterally than in the female, last segment entirely white-scaled. Claw
formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Genitalia (plate 29, fig. 195) : Side-pieces more than twice as long as wide;
apical lobe well developed, prominent, continued narrowly along side-piece to
basal lobe, which is slightly squarely prominent and bears numerous seta) with
tubercular bases and a stout hooked spine with an attendant group of smaller
spines. Clasp-filament slender, moderate, slightly expanded in middle, notched
towards apex, and bearing a few fine seta?, a long articulated terminal spine.
Harpagones with a moderate, slender, columnar base bearing a rather short,
articulated, medianly widened, terminal filament. Harpes elliptical, concave,
curved, inner margin thickened and revolute, tip pointed and curved outward.
Unci approximate, revolute, forming a small basal cylinder. Basal appendages
approximate, bearing four or five stout terminal seta?.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 124, fig. 431). — Head rounded, narrowed before eyes,
a slight notch at insertion of antennae, front margin arcuate. Antenna? cylin-
drical, curved, spined all over; tuft moderate, before middle; four terminal
spines of various lengths, two shortly subapical, a short thick digit. Eyes trans-
verse, pointed. Dorsal head-hairs single, ante-antennal tufts in threes or fours.
Mental plate shortly triangular; apical tooth broad, roundedly incised as if
formed of three fused teeth, eleven side-teeth becoming larger basally, the last
one small and remote. Mandible quadrangular, with small spines near base;

754

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

two filaments before tip ; an outer row of cilia from a collar; eleven filaments on
outer edge ; dentition of four teeth on a process, the first longest; a filament and
two unequal teeth before ; a broad filament and six feathered ones within, unusu-
ally large; process below furcate, with patches of hair; a pointed basal angle,
with four long hairs within ; a long row of hairs at base. Maxilla elongate
hemispherical, divided by an oblique suture; inner half with rows of hairs, a
large tuft at vertex; outer half with a band of hair, two filaments next the
suture toward apex and a spine on the other side ; palpus short, with four small
digits and a central elevation. Thorax wider than long; hairs moderate.
Abdomen rather stout, the anterior segments shorter; lateral hairs single on
segments 3 to 6; tracheal tubes broad, band-shaped. Air-tube stout, about
three times as long as wide; pecten usually evenly spaced, occasionally with
some of the terminal teeth somewhat detached, reaching less than half the
length of tube, followed by a single tuft of two or three hairs ; single spine long,
slightly widened at base, with two small branches rather far out. Lateral comb
of eighth segment of a very few scales in a line ; single scale elliptical, fringed
with short spinules and with one very long stout terminal spinule. Anal seg-
ment longer than wide, ringed by the plate ; dorsal tuft a pair of long hairs on
each side ; ventral brush well developed, confined by the plate ; anal gills moder-
ate, tapered.

The larvae appear in the early spring, hatching from the overwintering
eggs. There is but a single annual generation. The larvse occur mixed with the
other early spring species in woodland pools and marshes, often when ice is still
present. Mr. Knab and Dr. Dyar collected nearly fully-grown larvse from a
marsh by standing upon ice at its edges and dipping under the ice, where the
larva? had taken refuge. The females live for two or three months in the woods,
and soon become much worn, being then indistinguishable from other species of
Aedes with similar habits.

Northeastern United States, probably also in Canada.

Plattsburg, New York, larva? April 24, 1905 (H. G. Dyar) ; Dublin, New
Hampshire, May, June, 1909 (A. Busck) ; Springfield, Massachusetts, April 28,
1903 (F. Knab) ; Wilbraham, Massachusetts, June 4, 1903 (F. Knab) ; Mount
Tom, Massachusetts, May 6, 1903 (F. Knab). Reported also from Orange
Mountains and New Brunswick, New Jersey (Morse).

It seems probable that Aedes abserratus has a wider range than indicated by
our localities. Its distribution seems northern, and it is probably due to chance
only that no specimens have appeared in our collections from Canada. This
species has been referred to by several American authors under the name
functor.

AEDES PUNCTOR (Kirby).

Culex punctor Kirby, Richardson's Fauna Bor.-Amer., iv, 309, 1837.
Gulex punctor Bethune, Can. Ent, xiii, 164, 1881.
Culex punctor Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 289, 1900.
Culex punctor Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 75, 86, 1901.
Culex punctor Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 435, 1902.
Culex punctor Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 359, 1905.
Culicada punctor Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 371, 1907.
Culicada punctor Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, v, 309, 1910.

Original Description of Culex punctok:

C. (Punctor) nigra; pedibus, alarumque, albarum neuris, testaceis.

Pungent Culex, black with the legs, and nervures of the white wings, testaceous.

Length of the body Sy2 lines.

Two specimens taken in Lat. 65°.

Body black. Proboscis longer than the trunk; sheath black; valvules and lancets
testaceous; palpi somewhat incrassated towards the apex; antennae broken off in
both specimens; wings white, iridescent, with testaceous nervures, without scales,
hairs, and fringe: legs testaceous.

AEDES IMPIGER

755

St. Martin's Falls, Albany Kiver, British America (Kirby).

Unknown to us. Giles states that the types are two males in fair preserva-
tion. He describes the mesonotum as " dark red brown, with five lines of
brilliant white tomentum, viz., a fine median ; two complete broad lateral, and
external to these again a narrow pair of lateral lines incomplete in the middle."
Theobald states that the types are two males and one female and describes the
ornamentation of the mesonotum as follows :

Thorax deep brown, covered at the sides with narrow creamy curved scales, which
form a line on each side passing back to the scutellum; between these two lines the
mesonotum is covered with deep bright chestnut-brown, narrow curved scales, there
being a narrow median double line of pale scales in the middle separated by a distinct
dark bare line; the pale scales of the median lines spread out round the bare patch
in front of the scutellum and form a pale patch; there are three rows of dark bristles
which become paler posteriorly; the sides of the mesonotum are deep black, with
scanty creamy scales.

We do not feel safe to identify this species in any of the material before us.
The name was applied by Coquillett to a mixture of species, hence its applica-
tion by American authors to several species. We can not consider the introduc-
tion of the name punctor in this manner as a restriction and it will be found in
the proper places in the synonymy.

AEDES IMPIGER (Walker) Dyar & Knab.

Oulex impiger Walker, List Dipt. Brit. Mus., i, 6, 1848.
Culex implacabilis Walker, List Dipt. Brit. Mus., i, 7, 1848.
Culex impiger Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 323, 1900.
Culex nigripes var. impiger Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 39, 1901.
Culex nigripes Theobald (in part, not Zetterstedt) , Mon. Culic, ii, 93, 1901.
Culex nigripes Giles (in part, not Zetterstedt), Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 444,
1902.

Culex nigripes Theobald (in part, not Zetterstedt), Mon. Culic, iii, 193, 1903.
Culex impiger Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 31G, 1904.
Culicada impiger Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 391b. 1904.
Culex impiger Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Sec, xiii, 27, 1905.

Culex nigripes Blanchard (in part, not Zetterstedt), Les Moustiques, 345, 1905.

Grabhamia impiger Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 48, 1905.

Culicada impiger Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 447, 478, 1905.

Aedes impiger Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 193, 1906.

Ochlerotatus impiger Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 19, 1906.

Ochlerotatus impiger Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circ. 72, 4, 1906.

Culicada nigripes Theobald (in part, not Zetterstedt), Mon. Culic, 311, 1910.

Original Description of Culex impiger:

Fern. Niger, capite thoraceque flavo hirtis, thoracis lateribus albo hirtis, abdo-
minis segmentis supra albo fasciatis subtus albis a/at flavis, pedibus obscurt flavis,
femoribus tibiisgue apice tarsisque nigris, alis limpidis.

Body black: head and chest clothed with yellow hairs: sides of the chest clothed
with white hairs: abdomen white or yellow beneath, and having on its back a band
of white hairs at the fore border of each segment: legs very dingy yellow; feet, and
tips of the thighs and of the shanks, black: wings colourless; veins brown; poisers
yellow, with brown knobs. Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

a. St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay. Presented by G. Barnston, Esq.

Original Description of Culex implacabilis:

Fem. Niger, capite thorace abdominisque fasciis flavo hirtis, pedibus flavis,
femoribus apice nigris, genubus albis, tarsis et metatibiis fuscis, alis limpidis.

Body black: head and chest thickly clothed with yellow hairs: abdomen with a
band of yellow hairs at the fore border of each segment: legs dull yellow; tips of the
thighs black; knees dull white; feet and hind shanks dark brown: wings colourless;
veins brown; poisers dull white, with brown tips. Length of the body 2 lines; of
the wings 4 lines.

a. St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay. Presented by G. Barnston, Esq.

756

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes impiger:

Female. — Proboscis moderately long, subeylindrical, uniform; labellae eoni-
cally tapered ; vestiture black with slight bronzy luster ; setae minute, curved,
black, those on labellae more prominently outstanding. Palpi short, less than
one-fifth as long as proboscis ; vestiture black with some white scales intermixed ;
setae moderate, bristly, black. Antennae filiform, the joints subequal, rugose,
pilose ; second joint somewhat enlarged, brown, pale at base ; tori subspherical,
with a cup-shaped apical excavation, luteous brown, with a patch of small brown
setae on inner side ; hairs of whorls moderate, sparse, black. Clypeus roundedly
triangular, prominent, nude, black. Eyes black. Occiput black, with narrow,
curved, pale-ocherous scales on vertex, broad, flat, dull whitish ones on the sides;
many short, erect, forked yellowish scales on the nape; seta? along margins of
eyes black, those projecting forward between the eyes pale.

Prothoraeic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, black, clothed with narrow
curved yellowish-white scales and black bristles. Mesonotum black, clothed with
narrow, curved, pale bronzy-brown scales which are divided medianly by two
longitudinal narrow stripes in which the ground-color prevails and the scales
are smaller and slightly darker ; scales surrounding antescutellar space lighter ;
bristles numerous, moderate, black. Scutellum trilobate, black, clothed with
pale ocherous scales, each lobe with a group of pale bristles. Postnotum ellipti-
cal, prominent, brown, slightly pruinose. Pleura? brown, coxae luteous, clothed
with narrow golden-brown scales above, elliptical, flat, white ones below, and
with rows of pale bristles.

Abdomen subeylindrical, flattened, tapering posteriorly; dorsal vestiture of
black scales, each segment with a rather broad basal white band which widens
somewhat laterally; first segment with dull white scales and with many long
pale hairs ; venter largely sordid white scaled. Cerci black.

Wings rather long, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell a little shorter
than its cell, that of second posterior cell about equal to its cell ; basal cross-vein
about its own length distant from anterior cross- vein; scales blackish brown,
outstanding scales broadly linear. Halteres pale, with whitish knobs.

Legs moderately long and slender ; femora largely black scaled above, yellow-
ish-white below, a black ring close to apex ; knees white ; tibiae with dull yellow-
ish-white and brownish-black scales intermixed, the pale scales predominating
on under sides ; tarsi brownish black scaled, the first joint largely pale scaled
beneath, the black scales increasing outwardly, terminal joints wholly black.
Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5.5 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis long, slender, straight, black. Palpi exceeding the proboscis
by about the length of the last joint ; vestiture of dull bronzy-black scales ; end of
long joint and last two joints slightly enlarged, with abundant, long black hairs.
Antennae plumose, the last two joints long, slender, rugose, pilose, black, the
others short, brown, with black rings ; hairs of whorls very long, brown with silky
luster. Coloration similar to the female. Abdomen elongate, depressed, the seg-
mental white bands broader than in the female ; lateral ciliation long, fine and
abundant, pale brownish. Wings narrower than in the female, the stems of the
fork-cells longer, the vestiture sparse. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 6 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 24, fig. 168) : Side-pieces nearly three times as long as wide,
rounded at tip ; apical lobe roundedly prominent, without basal continuation ;
basal lobe digitate, appressed, with a side-piece bearing two stout apical setae.
Clasp-filament long, swollen in middle, with four small setae towards tip, a long
articulated terminal spine. Harpes elliptical, concave, inner margin thickened

AEDES IMPIGER

757

and revolute, tip pointed and outcurved. Harpagones with a very long stem,
its basal and larger portion thick, terminating in a rounded setose knob, apical
portion slender, bearing a large terminal filament which is angularly widened
in middle, the crest of angulation sharply pointed, slightly recurved. Unci
approximated, revolute, forming a thick basal cylinder with a double-pointed tip.
Basal appendages approximate, bearing several short stout setae.

Larva, Stage IV (see figure of the entire larva, plate 73). — Head broad,
rounded, narrowing slightly before eyes, a slight notch at insertion of antenna?,
front margin broadly arcuate. Antenna? rather long, slightly tapered, densely
spined all over with large and small spines ; tuft small, a little before the mid-
dle ; four short terminal thick spines and one long one. Eyes large, transverse,
pointed. Both pairs of dorsal tufts and the ante-antennal tuft multiple. Mental
plate broadly triangular, a central tooth and fourteen on each side, becoming
larger and more remote basally. Mandible quadrangular, a few spines at base;
two long filaments toward tip; a row of long cilia outwardly from a collar ; four
filaments and four very slender ones on outer margin ; dentition of four teeth
on a process, the first longest ; a filamentous process before, two little teeth at
base, a broad filament and four serrate hairs within ; four little hairs below ; proc-
ess cleft-furcate, with tufts of hair; a long angle below; five filamentous hairs
within ; a row of long hairs at base. Maxilla conical, divided by a suture ; inner
half hairy, a long brush at tip ; outer half with some hair, two filaments near
the suture, two spines on the other side ; palpus short, four small terminal digits,
one of them short. Thorax rounded, transverse ; hairs rather short and sparse,
the subdorsal prothoracic hairs a very small tuft followed by a single long hair.
Abdomen rather long, the anterior segments somewhat shorter; hairs sparse, the
laterals of first segment double, the rest single and progressively shorter posteri-
orly; secondary hairs very small; tracheal tubes broad, band-shaped, slightly
expanded in the segments, even and regular. Air-tube stout, tapered, thickest
beyond base, about three times as long as wide ; pecten reaching to near middle,
the last two or three teeth detached, remote ; a single large tuft beyond pecten.
Lateral comb of eighth segment of few scales in a partly double row; single
scales with pointed base, the body elliptical and fringed with short spines, the
tip a single long, smooth stout spine. Anal segment longer than wide ; dorsal
plate reaching very near the ventral line, deeply incised posteriorly ; dorsal tuft
a brush and rather short hair on either side ; ventral brush well developed, with
short tufts preceding barred area toward base; anal gills moderate, ensiform,
not very sharply pointed.

The larva? develop in the early spring pools formed by the melted snow, hatch-
ing from overwintering eggs. There is but a single generation in the year. The
habits, so far as known, are the same as those of the other early spring species
with which they occur, the adults flying in the woods till midsummer.

Northeastern United States and Canada.

West Springfield, Massachusetts, April 13, 1905 (Dyar and Knab) ; Long-
meadow, Massachusetts, April 16, 1905 (Dyar and Knab) ; Cobble Hill, Eliza-
bethtown, New York, larva? April 23, 1905 (H. G. Dyar) ; Karner, New York,
March 19, 1904 (E. P. Felt) ; Ottawa, Ontario (J. Fletcher) ; Chats Bapids,
Quebec, May 24, 1900 (J. Fletcher) ; White Biver, Ontario, June 24, 1907
(F. Knab).

We accept Felt's identification of Walker's names as a definite restriction
which should be followed, Walker's types being unrecognizable in this group.
The European Aedes nigripes (Zetterstedt) has not been critically studied and
its relation to our species is therefore unknown.

758

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

AEDES DIANT^US, new species.
Description of Male of Aedes dianiveus (Female and Larva Unknown) :

Male. — Proboscis long, slender, straight, black. Palpi slightly exceeding the
proboscis in length, blunt at apices ; vestiture brownish-black ; end of long joint
and last two joints slightly enlarged, with dense, moderately long, black hairs.
Antennae plumose, the last two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the
others short, pale, with blackish rings ; hairs of whorls long, black with brown
silky luster. Occiput black, clothed with narrow, curved, creamy-yellow scales
above, the sides with broad, flat, dull white scales; nape with many short,
upright, forked, creamy-yellow scales ; a row of long black bristles along mar-
gins of eyes, those projecting forward between eyes pale yellow.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, brownish, clothed with narrow
curved, creamy-yellow scales and with a few black bristles. Mesonotum clothed
with rather coarse, narrow, curved, creamy-yellow scales and with two narrow
submedian lines of brownish-black scales which are smaller and denser. ( Scutel-
lum and posterior portion of mesonotum denuded.) Postnotum nude, deep
brown. Pleura? deep brown, coxas luteous; clothed with flat white scales, the
prothoracic epimera with narrow, curved, creamy-yellow scales.

Abdomen elongate, depressed; dorsal vestiture black, with narrow, whitish,
basal segmental bands, obsolete centrally; venter whitish scaled, the segments
with apical, median black spots ; lateral ciliation moderately long and abundant,
brownish-yellow.

Wings narrow, hyaline ; stems of second marginal and second posterior cells
longer than their cells; basal cross- vein more than its own length from anterior
cross-vein; vestiture sooty brown with a few pale scales intermixed, rather
sparse ; outstanding scales linear.

Legs rather long and slender; vestiture sooty brown, the femora pale beneath
to near apices; knees pale scaled; tarsi entirely dark scaled. Claw formula,
1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 6 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 24, fig. 167) : Side-pieces nearly three times as long as wide,
rounded at tip ; apical lobe roundedly prominent, without basal prolongation ;
basal lobe digitate, appressed, with a side-piece bearing two stout apical setae.
A group of dense hairs arising at origin of apical lobe. Clasp-filament long,
slender, with two small setag towards tip arising from slight notches; a long
articulated terminal spine. Harpes elliptical, concave, inner margin thickened
and revolute, tip pointed and outcurved. Harpagones with a long stem, its
basal and larger portion thick, angular and bearing a few seta?, apical portion
slender, with a broad terminal filament which is expanded at tip, the angles of
the expansion pointed, the termen emarginate. Unci approximated, revolute,
forming a basal cylinder. Basal appendages approximate, bearing several short,
stout setae.

Type : No. 12678, TJ. S. Nat. Mus.

The larvae develop in the early spring pools left by the melted snow, hatching
from overwintering eggs. There is but a single generation in the year. The
habits, so far as known, are the same as those of the other early spring species,
with which they occur, the adults flying in the woods till midsummer.

New Hampshire.

Lublin, May and June, 1909 (A. Busck).

The present species is clearly distinct by the male genitalia, which are allied
to those of Aedes impiger, yet markedly different. Two males before us show
these characters, and have been made the types of the species, yet unfortunately
they are so badly preserved, that it is nearly impossible to determine their
markings and coloration. For this reason we are not able to positively identify
any female specimens as belonging here.

AEDES TRICHURUS

759

AEDES TRICHURUS (Dyar) Dyar & Knab.

Culex punctor Dyar (in part, not Kirby), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vi, 39, 1904.
Culex impiger (no. 2) Dyar & Knab (not Walker), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vi, 144, 1904.
Culex trichurus Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xii, 170, 244, 1904.
Culex cinereoborealis Felt & Young, Science, n. s., xx, 312, 1904.
Culex cinereoborealis Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 312, 1904.
Oulicada cinereoborealis Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 391&, 1904.
Culex trichurus Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiii, 109, 1905.
Culicada trichurus Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 447, 478, 1905.
Orabhamia trichurus Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 48, 1905.
Aedes trichurus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 191, 1906.
Ochlerotatus cinereoborealis Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11,
18, 20, 1906.

Ochlerotatus trichurus Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circ. 72, 4, 1906.
Culicada trichura Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 357, 1907.
Culicada cinereoborealis Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 367, 1907.
Culicada trichura Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 305, 1910.
Culicada cinereoborealis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 307, 1910.

Original Description of Culex trichurus :

Culex punctor Kirby, is one of those single-brooded, early developing mosquitoes
that would seem especially adapted to an arctic climate. Three-fourths of the year
is spent in the egg state. The eggs, lying in marshy places frozen up over winter,
hatch as soon as the ice has melted in the spring. The larval stages are passed in
about three weeks, even in very cold water and the adults emerge immediately.
They may fly possibly for six weeks, when the eggs being laid, they die and the
species disappears, apparently, for the season. With these habits the insect ought
to occur throughout the arctic circle. I met with it in Canada in the mountains of
eastern British Columbia (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vi, 39, 1904). A single fully grown
larva, apparently the last one of a brood, was found on May 31. It soon pupated and
the imago occurred on June 4. Other mosquitoes were flying at this time over the
swamp where the larva was found and were supposed to be of the same species. On
being imprisoned, they were fed on sugar and water. After being in confinement for
two weeks, a female deposited eggs on the surface of the water. They were kept in
water all the summer and following winter and hatched as soon as the ice melted
the following spring. The eggs were laid singly. They are peculiar, being very wide
and angularly shaped. They float at first, but soon sink or become adherent to
objects at the side of the pool or floating on it.

On rearing the eggs that had hibernated, I was surprised to find that the larva?
differed markedly from punctor and were obviously a distinct species, the imagoes
of which I had confounded with punctor, I have referred to the egg as that of
punctor (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VI, 39, 1904); this reference should be cancelled.
The mature form I have in only very slender material. The original female from
which the eggs were obtained is badly rubbed and a male bred by Dr. Dimmock at
Springfield, Mass., from an identical larva, is broken. Mr. Coquillett has kindly
examined the specimens and does not detect any difference; but he considers the
material too poor to form an opinion on. I am inclined to designate this form
provisionally as Culex trichurus, in order that it may be referred to. The name is
given in allusion to the unusually hairy air tube of the larva, since it is the only
species of the short-tubed group that has more than a single hair tuft.

Early Stages of Culex trichurus Dyar.

Egg. — Thickly fusiform, the ends well tapered, one side more bulging than the
other. Black, the surface very finely granular shagreened all over, no sculpturing,
no mucilage. Laid loosely, floating, but sinking at the first touch or adhering by
surface tension to marginal objects. Length 0.6 mm., width 0.3 mm.

Stage I. — Head rounded, flattened, normal; antennas moderate, equal, with small
splnules, terminal digits and tuft of hair at the middle of the joint, all darkly in-
fuscated. Body moderate, equal, submoniliform, normal; hairs moderate, becoming
gradually less posteriorly. Air tube moderate, about three times as long as wide,
the basal two thirds colorless, the tip infuscated; pecten of two rows of flat, dentate
plates with long marginal spine, the single hair arising well within the pecten and
nearly at the middle of the tube. Lateral comb of the eighth abdominal segment a
row of obscurely digitately spined teeth with central longer spine in a single row,
parallel, approximate, six, seven or eight in number. Anal segment with a small,
rounded quadrate dorsal plate, darkly infuscated; terminal hairs and four anal
processes normal; no ventral brush. The body is pigmented in brown over the dorsal
region.

760

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Stage II. — Head rounded, flattened, normal, darkly infuscated, the antennae
moderate, uniform, with normal terminal spines and hairs, sparsely spinulose, darkly
colored throughout; a small tuft of two hairs at basal third. Body normal, darkly
pigmented dorsally; air tube short, about twice as long as wide, abruptly tapered,
infuscated throughout, the last three pecten teeth stouter and more remotely placed
than the basal ones, the single hair tuft arising before the middle of the tube;
pecten teeth are stout spines with two short basal branches. A double row of small
hair tufts on the dorsal aspect of the tube. Lateral comb of the eighth segment
consists of seven to nine single, thorn-shaped teeth with finely pectinated bases,
arranged in an irregular transverse row. Anal segment with a small dorsal plate
and terminal tuft; ventral brush present, small, arising from a barred area, which
is preceded along the ventral line of the segment by small, but distinct hairs. Anal
process four, moderate, not inflated, without conspicuous tracheae.

Stage III. — As in Stage II. Air tube two and a half times as long as wide, its
dorsal hairs forming distinct tufts, the teeth of the pecten exceeding the tuft. Head
brown, infuscated; a small tuft at the middle of the antennas, moderate, brown.
Body normal.

Stage IV. — Head brown, infuscated, the antennae moderate, equal, brown, the
small tuft at the middle. Body normal, the hair tufts heavy, with large chitinous
plates, the abdominal ones slight, diminishing posteriorly. Comb of the eighth seg-
ment of twelve large thorn-shaped teeth; air tube two and a half times as long as
wide, abruptly tapered, the tuft before the middle, followed by large detached
teeth of the pecten, with three small tufts below and a double row of hair tufts above.
Anal segment not ringed; with distinct tufts before the barred area; anal tuft and
brush normal, large. Anal processes four, moderate, not conspicuously tracheate.

Pupa. — As usual in Culex.

Obiginal Description of Culex cineeeoboeealis :

A larva somewhat resembling and associated with Culex impiger presents marked
differences in that the dorsal surface of the air tube is provided with a double row
of hairs, each row consisting of about four tufts composed of a pair of weakly
barbuled hairs. This is undoubtedly the larva which Messrs. Dyar & Knab * have
confused with that of Culex impiger. From this larva a large, brownish-gray mos-
quito 6 to 7 mm. long, with the curved scales of the head white, was obtained. This
species has been given the name of Culex cinereoborealis n. sp.

*Ent. Soc. Wash. Proc, 6: 144. 1904.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes trichtjrus :

Female. — Proboscis moderate, cylindrical, uniform ; labella? conically tapered ;
vestiture brownish-black; seta? on labellae minute, outstanding. Palpi short,
about one-fourth as long as the proboscis, black with a few whitish scales inter-
mixed; seta? moderate, bristly. Antenna? filiform, the joints subequal, rugose,
pilose, black, second joint longer than third, slightly thicker and pale at base;
tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped excavation, luteous, darker within, with a
patch of whitish scales ; hairs of whorls short, sparse, black. Clypeus rounded
triangular, prominent, black, nude. Eyes black. Occiput black, scales on vertex
lanceolate, curved, on sides broad, milky-white throughout, an ill-defined lateral
black patch ; many short, erect, forked white scales ; bristles along margins of
eyes black, those projecting between the eyes pale.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, black, clothed with narrow white
scales and dark bristles. Mesonotum black, clothed with rather broad curved
scales, a very broad stripe of light bronzy-brown scales covering dorsum and
half of lateral area, scales along anterior edge, sides of disk and covering the
antescutellar space sordid white, forming a deep incision into the brown area at
middle of sides ; a short brown stripe at sides of antescutellar space. Scutellum
trilobate, black, clothed with narrow, curved white scales, each lobe with a
group of brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, blackish, nude.
Pleura? brown, coxa? luteous, clothed with patches of elliptical, flat white scales
and rows of pale bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly; dorsal vestiture black, with
broad, white, basal segmental bands which widen to triangular patches on the

AEDES TRICHURUS

761

sides; first segment with a large patch of white scales and with many fine pale
hairs; venter largely whitish scaled, with small, black, segmental medio-apical
spots. Cerci black.

Wings rather broad, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell shorter than its
cell, that of second posterior cell slightly longer than its cell ; basal cross-vein
distant less than its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales blackish-brown,
the outstanding ones broadly linear. Halteres whitish, with yellowish knobs.

Legs moderately long and slender; femora yellowish-white scaled below and
black above, a black ring before tip; tibise largely dirty white scaled below,
bronzy-black above with a few white scales intermixed, tips black; tarsi bronzy-
black, the basal joint beneath with scattered white scales becoming fewer out-
wardly, terminal joints entirely black. Claw formula, 1.1—1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5.5 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis slender, rather long, straight, black scaled. Palpi exceeding
the proboscis by nearly the length of the last joint ; end of long joint and last two
joints somewhat swollen ; vestiture black ; hairs on end of long joint and the last
two joints dense, long, brown with ochreous reflections in certain lights. An-
tennas plumose, the last two joints long and slender, pilose, blackish, the others
shorter, pale, with black rings at insertions of hair-whorls ; hairs of whorls long,
dense, brownish black with silky luster. Coloration similar to the female. Ab-
domen elongate, depressed, broadest on sixth and seventh segments, narrowest at
third ; white basal segmental bands broader than in female ; lateral ciliation long,
abundant, pale yellowish brown. Wings narrower than in the female, stems of
the fork-cells longer, vestiture less abundant. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 6 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 24, fig. 166) : Side-pieces more than twice as long as wide;
apical lobe well developed, prominent, continued narrowly along side-piece
to basal lobe, which is conically prominent and bears numerous long setas and a
central stout spine. Clasp-filament slender, slightly expanded in the middle,
notched towards apex and bearing a few fine setas, a long, articulated terminal
spine. Ilarpagones with a very long columnar stem, the stem itself nearly long
enough to reach to tip of side-piece, uniform, setose towards base, and a short,
fusiform, terminal filament, which bears a series of parallel, transverse, strongly,
elevated narrow ridges, angularly expanded beyond the middle. Harpes ellipti-
cal, concave, curved, inner margin thickened and revolute, tip pointed and
curved outward. Unci approximate, revolute, forming a large basal cylinder.
Basal appendages approximate, bearing four or five stout terminal setae.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 119, fig. 410). — Head rounded, narrowed before eyes,
a slight notch at insertion of antenna?, front margin broadly arcuate. Antennas
subcylindrical, slightly tapered, one side with many stout oblique spines; tuft
moderate, a little before middle ; three terminal spines and a long one and a short
digit. Upper pair of dorsal head-hairs double or triple, lower single, ante-anten-
nal tuft multiple. Mental plate triangular, an apical tooth and fourteen on each
side, becoming larger and more remote basally, the last one small. Eyes large,
transverse, pointed. Mandible quadrangular, a few spines at base; four outer
filaments' two long and two short ; a row of cilia from a collar ; sixteen filaments
on outer edge, the two nearest the collar smaller and feathered ; dentition of four
teeth on a process, the first longest ; a spine before, a tooth at base, three below, a
broad serrate filament and five slender ones within ; process below furcate, with
tufts of hair ; basal angle slight ; two filamentous hairs within, four below and a
dense row near base. Maxilla shortly hemispherical, divided by a band-shaped
suture ; inner half densely haired, a crown of hairs at vertex ; outer half with a
few short spines near the palpus, two filaments next the suture and a spine on the
other side ; palpus stout, with four apical digits convergently appressed. Thorax
49

762

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

rounded, wider than long ; hairs abundant, moderate, subdorsal prothoracic ones
single. Abdomen moderately long, anterior segments shorter; lateral hairs
triple on first segment, double on second and third, single on fourth to sixth ;
tracheal tubes rather broad, band-shaped. Air-tube stout, gradually tapered on
outer two-thirds, about three and one-half times as long as wide ; pecten reaching
three-fourths the length of tube, the teeth beyond basal third widely detached;
single spine long, but little widened at base, smooth or with a short branch ; a
long hair-tuft within the pecten near middle of tube; four other small tufts
along the ventral line above the pecten ; four or five tufts on dorsal sur-
face. Lateral comb of eighth segment of few scales in a partly double row;
single scale thorn-shaped with pointed base, terminal spinule very stout, the
sides fringed with short spinules. Anal segment about as long as wide, the
plate dorsal, extending well down the sides ; dorsal tuft a brush and hair on each
side ; a small double lateral hair ; ventral brush well developed, extending basally
beyond barred area ; anal gills moderate, ensiform, longer than the segment.

The larvae develop in the early spring pools from overwintering eggs. There
is but a single generation in the year, the females living two or three months in
the woods, but not frequenting open places nor houses. The habits are the same
as those of the other early spring species, with which this occurs mixed.

Northeastern United States and Canada.

West Springfield, Massachusetts, April 23, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Springfield,
Massachusetts (G. Dimmock) ; Pike, New Hampshire, May 25, 1908 (A. D.
Hopkins) ; Dublin, New Hampshire, May, 1909 (A. Busck) ; Plattsburg, New
York, May, 1905 (H. G. Dyar) ; Earner, New York, May 16, 1904 (E. P. Felt) ;
Ithaca, New York, May 16, 1901 (O. A. Johannsen) ; Saxeville, Wisconsin, May
31, 1909 (B. K. Miller) ; Ottawa, Ontario, Mav 16, 1900 (J. Fletcher) ; Chelsea,
Ontario, May 17, 1902 (A. Gibson) ; Aweme, Manitoba, June 3, 1904 (N. Grid-
dle) ; White River, Ontario, June 25, 1907 (F. Knab) ; Banff, Alberta, (N. B.
Sanson) ; Kaslo, British Columbia, June 25, 1903 (H. G. Dyar).

The names trichurus and cinereoborenlis, proposed for this species, are simul-
taneous, as the respective publications were mailed on the same day, as we learn
from the printers. We therefore depend upon the dates printed on the numbers
of the publications, and give precedence to the former name.

AEDES TRISERIATUS (Say) Dyar & Knab.

Gulex triseriatus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., iii, 12, 1823.
Culex triseriatus Wiedemann, Ausser. Zweifl. Ins., i, 11, 1828.
Culex triseriatus Say, Ent. of No. Amer., ii, 40, 1883.
Culex triseriatus Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 317, 1900.
Culex triseriatus Smith, Ent. News, xiii, 301, 1902.
Culex triseriatus Dyar, Science, n. s., xvi, 672, 1902.
Culex triseriatus Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xi, 25, 1903.
Culex triseriatus Johannsen, Bull. 68, N. Y. State Mus.. 416, 423, 1903.
Culex triseriatus Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 143, 1903.
Culex triseriatus Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 335, 1904.
Culicada triseriatus Felt. Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 391&. 1904.
Culex triseriatus Smith, Bull. 171, N. J. Agr. Exp. Stat., 38, 1904.
Culex triseriatus Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 272, 1905.
Grabhamia triseriatus Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 48, 1905.
Culex triseriatus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 288, 1905.
Finlaya ? nigra Ludlow, Can. Ent., xxxvii, 387, 1905.
Grabhamia triseriata Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiii, 108, 1905.
Culicada triseriatus Feit, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 447, 477, 1905.
Culex triseriatus Britton & Viereck, Rept. Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta., 1904, 269, 272, 273,
1905.

Aedes triseriatus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 195, 1906.

Ochlerotatus triseriatus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 19, 1906.

Ochlerotatus triseriatus Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circ. 72, 5, 1906.

AEDES TRISERIATUS

763

Culex triseriatus Howard, Osier's Modern Medicine, i, 377, 1907.
Protomacleaya triseriata Theobald, Mon. Culic., iv, 254, 1907.

Culex (Ochlerotatus) triseriatus Viereck, 1st Ann. Rept. Comm. Health Pa., 470, 1908.
Aedes triseriatus Thibault, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xii, 19, 1910.
Finlaya (?) nigra Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 467, 1910.
Protomacleaya triseriata Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 250, 1910.
Aedes triseriatus Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 719, 1910.

Original Description of Culex triseriatus:

Anterior margin of the wings fuscous; tergum with white spots on each side.
Inhabits Pennsylvania.

Body brown; stethidium livid-brown; thorax with white hair each side; pleura
with two spots of white hair; feet pale, covered with dusky hair; thighs naked,
blackish above near the tip; tergum with a triangular white spot at the base of each
segment on each side: each of these spots extends upon the venter in the form of a
band, interrupted each side of the middle; thus forming three spots on each series
upon that part, the middle ones of which are almost connected into a longitudinal
line.

Length one-fifth of an inch. £

The white spots contrast strongly with the brown colour of the abdomen.
Original Description of Finlaya ? nigra:

$. Head black, densely covered with ochraceous, almost white, scales, broad
spindle-shaped and forked scales on the occiput, extending up to the vertex, spindle-
shaped scales around the eyes, flat scales on the sides, a few light bristles extending
forward between the eyes, and dark ones around the eyes; antennae very dark brown,
almost black, apparently fourteen-jointed, verticels brown, pubescence white, a few
scales on the first joint, basal joint testaceous, with fine light erect hairs, and a few
small flat scales; proboscis very dark brown, with violaceous reflections; palpi very
dark brown, not unusually heavily scaled, a few hairs at the tip; clypeus dark brown,
eyes dark brown.

Thorax black; prothoracic lobes clothed with flat white scales; mesothorax with
dark brown curved scales, except the sides and " shoulders," the former heavily
covered with broad spindle-shaped white scales, the latter with white broad-ended
flat scales, a line of broad curved white scales around the " bare space," some light
bristles projecting forward at the nape, a short line of them near the " bare space,"
and a heavy bunch over the wing joint; scutellum partly denuded, but the basal row
of scales is curved, the remainder flat. The scales on the mid lobe white, those on
the lateral lobes a very dark brown, long lieht bristles, probably six, on the mid
lobe; pleura very dark, with a few large patches of white flat scales; metanotum
dark brown.

Abdomen dark, heavily scaled with dark brown flat scales (with violaceous re-
flections), and small white, basal, lateral spots, apical hairs light; venter mostly
white-scaled, but dark apical bands on some of the distal segments. There is some
suggestion of tufts on the ventral side, but not well marked, and may be due to the
position in which the specimen dried.

Legs: coxae and trochanters light and sparsely light scaled; ventrally the femora
are all lirtit scaled, and in the hind legs are dorsally light scaled about one-half
(basal) their length, and are rather heavily bristled. The remainder of the legs is
brown, with the exception of a rather brilliant knee spot on the hind legs, a smaller
one on the mid legs, and in some lights a light line the length of the fore tibia? on
the caudal side; ungues rather large and heavy, equal and uniserrate.

Wings clear, brown veined, rather heavily scaled with dark, broad, truncated
brown scales, suggesting typical Taeniorhynchus scales, and having violaceous re-
flections. Fork cells very long; 1st submarginal about a fifth lona-er and somewhat
narrower than the 2nd posterior cell, stem not half the length of the cell, and the
same length as that of the 2nd posterior; the supernumerary cross vein a little
interior of-the mid, and about the same length, the posterior nearly twice as long as
the mid cross-vein, and more than double its own length interior; halteres light.
The third vein extension is more marked than often found, but not so decided as in
Desvoidea fusca, Theob.

Length 5.5 mm. Taken Aug. 3, 1905. Habitat, Rock Island Arsenal, 111.

Described from one specimen sent by Dr. G. G. Craig, Cont. Surg., U. S. A., in some
very interesting collections from Rock Island Arsenal. While the characteristics do
not agree fully with Theobald's definition of Finlaya, they correspond more closely to
those of this than to those of any other existing genus, and I have therefore referred
it, provisionally at least, to Finlaya. The species is extremely interesting, because
it is, so far as I can ascertain, the first having this peculiar grouping of scales to be
reported from the United States.

764

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Description of Female, Male, Larva, Pupa, and Egg of Aedes triseriatus :

Female. — Proboscis rather long and slender, subcylindrieal ; labellae conically
tapered ; vestiture black ; setae minute, curved, black, those on labellae more
prominently outstanding. Palpi short, less than one-fourth the length of pro-
boscis, clothed with black scales ; bristles rather long, black. Antennae slender,
filiform, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black ; second joint a little swollen
towards base, pale at its basal insertion ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped
apical excavation, luteous, black on inner side with some minute black setae;
hairs of whorls moderate, sparse, black. Clypeus roundedly triangular, promi-
nent, black, nude. Eyes black. Occiput black, clothed with narrow, curved,
yellowish silvery-white scales on vertex, flat silvery-white ones on the sides;
many erect, forked, pale-yellowish scales on the nape ; setae along margins of eyes
black, those projecting between the eyes pale yellow.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, blackish, largely clothed with
flat silvery-white scales and pale bristles. Mesonotum black, clothed with nar-
row curved scales, deep brown on dorsum, silvery-white at anterior margin and
on the sides, the white forming a deep indentation at the middle of the sides, the
dorsal brown area widening behind the middle and divided behind by the ante-
scutellar space, which is edged with silvery-white scales. Scutellum trilobate,
clothed with whitish scales, each lobe with a group of brownish black bristles.
Postnotum elliptical, prominent, brownish, nude. Pleurae blackish, coxae
luteous, clothed with patches of flat triangular silvery-white scales and rows of
pale bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrieal, tapering posteriorly; dorsal vestiture blue-black,
with pale bristles at ends of segments, a series of large, triangular, silvery-white,
lateral basal segmental patches extending beneath nearly to apices of segments ;
venter silvery-white, apices of sixth and seventh segments blue-black. Cerci
black.

Wings rather narrow, hyaline, slightly infuscated ; petiole of second marginal
cell shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell also somewhat shorter than
its cell; basal cross-vein more than its own length distant from anterior cross-
vein ; scales on veins blue-black or brown, the outstanding ones narrowly ligu-
late. Halteres whitish.

Legs rather long and slender; hind femora yellowish-white on basal third
above, on basal two-thirds below, the rest blue-black; knees white; fore and
mid femora black above to base ; tibiae blue-black, the tips of tibiae slightly yel-
lowish, fore and mid pair pale scaled beneath ; tarsi entirely blue-black scaled.
Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, moderately long, black scaled. Palpi slightly
longer than the proboscis, blunt at tip, black scaled, a minute white ring before
middle of long joint; last two joints and end of long joint slightly thickened
and with long black hairs. Antennae plumose, the last two joints long and
slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others whitish, black at insertions of hair-
whorls; hairs of whorls long, dense, black, with brownish luster. Coloration
similar to the female. Abdomen elongate, slender, depressed ; lateral spots on
segments 5, 6 and 7 very large, eighth segment nearly entirely white scaled;
venter black scaled, with segmental basal silvery bands ; lateral ciliation moder-
ately abundant, irregular, of fine pale hairs. Wings narrower than in the female,
the stalks of the fork-cells longer, the vestiture hardly less abundant. Claw
formula, 1.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 6 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 31, fig. 207) : Side-pieces about twice as long as wide, conical,
basal and apical lobes absent; a small area of dense setae representing the basal

AEDES TRISERIATUS

765

lobe. Clasp-filament small, slender, with a long articulated terminal spine nearly
half as long as filament. Harpes elliptical, concave, inner margin thickened and
revolute, tip pointed and recurved. Harpagones with a stout columnar base
which has a blunt projection in the middle and is minutely pilose and with a
long slenderly ligulate articulated filament, longer than the stem and pointed at
the tip. Unci approximate, revolute, forming a small basal cylinder. Basal
appendages undeveloped.

Larva, Stage IV (see figure of the entire larva, plate 74). — Head rounded,
narrowing slightly before eyes, front margin broadly arcuate. Antennae long,
cylindrical, slender, smooth, a single hair a little before the middle ; four sefce
of various lengths at tip and a digit on a pedestal. Eyes large, transverse,
bluntly pointed. Upper pair of dorsal hairs single, lower pair double, ante-
antennal tuft multiple. Mental plate triangular, rather small ; central tooth
large, nine side teeth more remotely spaced toward base. Mandible quadrangu-
lar, outer edge straight, a patch of short spines near base ; two filaments toward
tip from a distinct notch ; an outer row of cilia from a collar; twelve filaments
on outer edge ; dentition of four teeth on a process, the first longest, a curved
tooth before, two little forked ones at base ; process below furcate, with groups
of hairs and a long row down to below base ; five hairs within, three long ones
below base ; lower angle small ; six stout long hairs toward base. Maxilla conical,
elongate, divided by a suture ; inner half with hairs which are coarse inwardly,
a small tuft at tip; outer half with a group of hairs and some small spines, two
filaments near the suture ; palpus small with four digits at tip. Mouth-brushes
moderate, normal. Thorax rounded, wider than long; hairs rather abundant,
rather short, the anterior prothoracic tufts well developed. Abdomen stout,
rather long, the anterior segments short and transverse ; hairs moderate, the
laterals of first two segments multiple, those of second to sixth segments double,
long ; many short secondary hairs and distinct tufts ; tracheal tubes broad. Air-
tube stout, subcylindrical, the tip rather bluntly rounded, about two and a half
times as long as wide ; pecten reaching to middle of tube, uniform, dense, the
spines long, wider at base ; a single hair beyond the pecten. Lateral comb of
eighth segment of few scales in a partly double row; single scale elongate,
tapering, fringed throughout with small spines, without larger terminal one.
Anal segment as wide as long, dorsal plate reaching near ventral line; dorsal
tuft a long hair and brush on each side; a rather large lateral tuft at angle of
plate ; ventral brush well developed, of loose long-stemmed tufts, extending well
toward base. Anal gills long, stout, sack-shaped, bluntly rounded.

Pupa (plate 149, fig. 708). — Thoracic mass heavy, pyriform ; air-tubes small,
slightly expanded. Abdomen relatively rather slender; a dorsal fan-shaped tuft
on the first segment ; hairs rather numerous toward posterior margins of seg-
ments ; a double hair at posterior angles of seventh segment, a tuft at poste-
rior angles of eighth segment. Anal paddles ovate, with a stout terminal bristle.

Egg (plate 146, fig. 676). — Fusiform, flattened on one side, the micropylar
end more bluntly rounded than the other, with a gelatinous cushion ; sculpture
regularly hexagonal ; color black.

The larva? live normally in the water in holes in the trunks of trees ; occasion-
ally they frequent artificial receptacles in wooded situations, more particularly
those made of wood. The eggs are laid upon the sides of the cavity, just above
the water line, singly or in groups of two to five, with the long diameter upright,
attached firmly to the surface. As the water dries, the eggs remain, and when not
wet with water that season, or if late in the season whether dry or wet, hibernate.
When covered with water the eggs hatch. There are probably several broods
during the season, though this has not been determined. The appearance of
female adults all through the summer may be due to the successive developments

766

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

of larvae from eggs hatching at different times, hut all overwintered. The adults
frequent woods, and bite freely by day in shaded places. Dr. Dyar considers
the bite most annoying of that of any of the common eastern species, since the
bite leaves a swelling and irritation lasting longer than with other species.
This species is especially prevalent in dry wooded regions in summer, where
standing water upon the ground is scarce or absent, and the only breeding-places
containing water are the deep holes in trees. In the dry mountains of Virginia
and North Carolina, this, with the other tree-hole inhabiting mosquitoes, Ortho-
podomyia signifer, Ccelodiazesis barberi, and Megarhinus septentrionalis, are
practically the only mosquitoes met with. Professor Smith says : " In no
instance was this form included in the captures made after dark," and it is
probable that it is active by day only.

United States, east of the Rocky Mountains.

Center Harbor, New Hampshire, June 24, 1902 (H. G. Dyar) ; White Moun-
tains, New Hampshire (H. K. Morrison) ; Durham, New Hampshire, August 8,
1902 (H. G. Dyar) ; Mt. Holyoke, Massachusetts, larvae April, 1905 (Dyar
and Knab) ; West Springfield, Massachusetts, August 16, 1903 (F. Knab) ;
Lahaway, New Jersey, June 6, 1903 (J. T. Brakeley) ; Washington, District of
Columbia, September 11, 1903 (J. Kotinsky) ; Plummer's Island, Maryland,
June 5, August 19, 1903 (W. V. Warner) ; Herzog's Island, Maryland, June 24,
1906 (P. Knab) ; Woodstock, Virginia, June 2, 1903 (F. C. Pratt) ; Bluemont,
Virginia, June 20, 1904 (F. C. Pratt) ; Lake Drummond, Virginia, June 8,
1905 (H. S. Barber) ; Difficult Eun, Virginia, July 11, 1906 (Knab and Bar-
ber) ; Falls Church, Virginia, September 4, 1906 (A. N. Caudell) ; River
Township, Henderson County, North Carolina, October, 1901 (J. L. Coker, jr.) ;

Columbia, South Carolina, August 1, 1906 ( ) ; McClellanville,

South Carolina, October 10, 1906 (- ) ; Ames, Iowa, August 17, 1906

(H. J. Quayle) : St. Louis, Missouri, September, 1904 (A. Busck) ; Lawrence,
Kansas, May (H. T. Martin) ; Atlanta, Georgia, May 11, 1900 (W. B. Summer-
all) ; Fort Valley, Georgia (J. H. Beatty) ; Ormond, Florida, March 16, 1905
(Dyar and Caudell) ; New Smyrna, Florida, March 21, 1905 (Dyar and Cau-
dell) ; Miami, Florida, March 8, 1905 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Corbin, Kentucky,
August 24, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Helena, Arkansas, Julv 30, 1904 (H. S.
Barber) ; Scott, Arkansas, June 1-10, 1909 (J. K. Thibault, jr.) ; Wister,
Indian Territory, July 7, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Rives, Tennessee, July 7, 1904
(H. S. Barber) ; Athens, Tennessee, Augunt 21, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Decherd,
Tennessee, August 18, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Chattanooga, Tennessee, August
20, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Corinth, Mississippi, August 19, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ;
Belzona, Mississippi, August 4, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Westpoint, Mississippi,
August 11, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Jackson, Mississippi, August 8, 1904 (H. S.
Barber) ; Clarksdale, Mississippi, August 1, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Agricultural
College, Mississippi, May 4, 1905 (G. W. Herrick) ; Denison, Texas, June 25,
1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Cypress Bayou, Texas, August 23, 1903 (J. D. Mitchell) ;
Victoria, Texas, October 5, 1904 (E. G. Hinds).

The larva of Aides triseriatus is liable to be mistaken for that of Aides
calopus, which it much resembles, and like it often occurs in aritificial recep-
tacles. This is the only tree-hole Aedes occurring in temperate North America,
in the East, unless we include Aedes calopus, the "yellow-fever mosquito," as
such. However, Aedes calopus is not endemic in temperate regions.

AEDES AURIFER (Coquillett) Dyar & Knab.

Culex perturbans Smith (not Walker), Ent. News, xiii, 300, 1902.
Culex aurifer Coquillett, Can. Ent., xxxv, 255, 1903.
Culex aurifer Smith, Ent. News, xv, 148, 1904.

AEDES AURIFER

7G7

Culex aurifer Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xii, 172, 244, 1904.

Culcx aurifer Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 336, 1904.

Culicelsa aurifer Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus.. 3916, 1904.

Culex aurifer, Smith, Bull. 171, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., 38, 1904.

Culex aurifer Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 298, 1905.

Culicelsa aurifer Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 448, 473, 1905.

Pseudoculex aurifer Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 47, 1905.

Culex aurifer Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 629, 1905.

Aedes aurifer Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xiv, 193, 1906.

Ochlerotatus aurifer Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 19, 1906.

Ochlerotatus aurifer Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circ. 72, 4, 1906.

Culicada aurifer Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 351, 1907.

Culicada aurifer Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 305, 1910.

Aedes aurifer Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 720, 1910.

Original Description of Culex aurifer:

Female. Near triseriatus, but the scales on sides of mesonotum golden yellow
instead of white, and the venter is without crossbands of black scales. Black, the
halteres, coxae and femora largely yellow; scales and hairs of palpi brown, scales of
occiput golden yellow, the upright ones brown; scales in middle of mesonotum
brownish black, those on the sides and many in front of the scutellum golden yellow,
those of pleura pale yellow; scales of abdomen black, those on the venter pale yellow,
sometimes encroaching a trifle on the dorsum, hairs of the first segment and at the
apices of the others pale yellow; scales of femora and on posterior side of tibiae pale
yellow, remaining scales of tibiae and those on the tarsi black, front tarsal claws
toothed; wings hyaline, lateral scales of the veins long and narrow, hind cross vein
about its length from the small cross vein, petiole of first submarginal cell three-
fifths the length of the cell; length, 4.5 mm.

Three specimens, collected June 22 and 25, by Dr. H. G. Dyar.

Habitat. — Centre Harbour, N. H.

I have also examined two males and two females from Lahaway, N. J., bred by
Dr. J. B. Smith, who writes that the larva is very different from that of triseriatus.
The adult male is similar to the female except that the hairs of the palpi are chiefly
whitish, and the dorsum of the abdomen has several yellow scales on the apical half.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes aurifer:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, subcylindrical ; labellas conically tapered; ves-
titure black ; seta? minute, curved, black, those on label la? more prominentl y out-
standing. Palpi short, about one-fifth the length of the proboscis, clothed with
black scales, the bristles rather long, short and numerous on penultimate
joint, black. Antennas filiform, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black ; second
joint a little swollen towards middle, pale at its basal insertion ; tori subspherical,
with a cup-shaped apical excavation, dark brown, black on inner side, with some
minute black seta;; hairs of whorls moderate, sparse, black. Clypeus roundedly
triangular, prominent, black, nude. Eyes black. Occiput black, clothed with
narrow, curved scales on vertex, flat ones on sides, yellow in middle, a large black
patch each side of vertex; scales on the sides sordid white, divided by a large,
quadrate black patch ; a number of erect, forked black scales on nape ; setas along
margins of eyes black, a tuft of golden-yellow ones projecting between eyes.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, blackish, largely clothed with nar-
row, curved golden-yellow scales and pale bristles. Mesonotum black, clothed
with lanceolate, curved scales which are dark bronzy-brown on dorsum, yellowish
with golden luster on sides, the dark area forming a very broad median stripe,
reaching the anterior edge, abruptly broadened on posterior half and divided
behind by yellowish scales about the antescutcllar space, a short, very narrow
line of yellow scales on each side of antescutellar space. Scutellum trilobate,
clothed with narrow, curved yellowish- white scales, each lobe with a group of
brownish black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, brown, nude.
Pleura? blackish, coxas luteous, clothed with patches of flat elliptical yellowish-
white scales below, narrow, curved yellow ones on prothoracic epimera, and
rows of pale bristles.

768

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly; dorsal vestiture blue-black,
with brown bristles at ends of segments, a series of basal, triangular, dull yel-
lowish-white, lateral segmental patches extending well towards apices of seg-
ments; first segment with a large patch of dirty white scales and many fine,
pale hairs; venter sordid white, with ill-defined, apical, median black spots,
most extensive on last two or three segments. Cerci black.

Wings rather broad, hyaline, slightly infuscated ; petiole of second marginal
cell shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell also somewhat shorter than
its cell ; basal cross-vein about its own length distant from anterior cross-vein ;
scales on veins black, the outstanding ones narrowly ligulate, broader at apices
of veins. Halteres whitish, with darker knobs.

Legs moderate; femora sordid-yellowish below, intermixed with black scales
above, which predominate towards tip ; knees yellowish-white scaled ; vestiture of
tibia? and tarsi black with dull bronzy luster; tips of tibiae slightly yellowish.
Claw formula, 1.1-1.1—1.1.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis moderately long and slender, black scaled. Palpi slightly
longer than proboscis, entirely black scaled; last two joints and end of long
joint slightly thickened and with dense, long brown hairs. Antenna? plumose,
the last two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others pale, black
at insertions of the hair-whorls; hairs long, dense, black with brown luster.
Coloration similar to the female. Occiput broadly yellowish- white scaled. Ab-
domen elongate, depressed ; segments with large, subquadrate areas of pale scales,
contiguous with base and apically indented, the sides continuously yellowish-
white ; venter whitish-scaled, with broad, nearly continuous, black median stripe,
only slightly interrupted at bases of segments; lateral ciliation long, dense,
regular, pale brown. Wings narrower than in the female, the stalks of the fork-
cells longer, the vestiture less abundant and paler ; scales on forks of second vein
much broadened. Legs longer than in the female, the tibia? and tarsi with brassy
luster beneath. Claw formula, 1.1—1.1—1.1.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Genitalia (plate 29, fig. 196) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, conical;
apical lobe large, conically prominent, continued narrowly to base, where a large,
stout spine indicates the basal lobe, a tuft of long very dense seta? at tip of side-
piece. Clasp-filament long, slightly swollen in the middle, apex dentate and
bearing three short seta?, a terminal articulated spine. Harpes elliptical, con-
cave, inner margin thickened and revolute, tip pointed and recurved. Harpa-
gones with a slender columnar base which has a blunt projection at outer fourth,
bearing a small seta and minutely pilose, and apically with a long ligulate articu-
lated filament, as long as stem and pointed at tip, with a sharp retrose branch
beyond the middle. Unci approximate, revolute, forming a small basal cylin-
der. Basal appendages approximate, bearing four short stout spines.

Larva, Stage IV (see figure of the entire larva, plate 72). — Head broad, sub-
quadrate, hind angles rounded, slightly narrowed before eyes, a broad notch at
insertion of antenna?, front margin broadly arcuate. Antenna? very long, longer
than head, outwardly curved at the middle, basally swollen, attenuated towards
tip, covered with rather long spines; a large tuft beyond middle; three long
coarse spines at tip and a short digit. Eyes large, transverse, pointed. Both
pairs of dorsal head-hairs double, ante-antennal tuft multiple. Mental plate
triangular, as broad as long, the terminal tooth projecting; nine side teeth, large,
rather closely set, becoming more distant at base. Mandible quadrangular, wide
at tip ; a few short spines without at base ; two long filaments toward tip ; an outer
row of stout cilia ; nine filaments on outer edge, the terminal ones partly decum-
bent, basal ones with branching hairs; dentition of four teeth on a process, a

AEDES AURIFER

769

tooth before as long as the others, three teeth at base, a broad filament and five
serrate ones within ; process below humped and cleft at tip, with hair patches ; a
rounded elevation below ; four scattered filaments within ; a row of seven long
hairs at base. Maxilla elongate hemispherical, divided by a broad suture; inner
half densely haired, except toward the suture, a row of very long hairs at tip ;
outer half with a patch of hair near base, two filaments near the suture and a
spine on the other side near the tip ; palpus small, constricted centrally, the four
minute digits approximated on the summit. Thorax rounded, wider than long,
angled at hair-tufts ; hairs abundant, long, the subdorsal prothoracic ones single.
Abdomen rather slender, the anterior segments shorter; hairs rather long;
laterals of first two segments multiple, double on third to fifth, single on sixth ;
secondary subdorsal hairs in rather long tufts on third to fifth segments ; tracheal
tubes broad, band-shaped. Air-tube stout, tapered a little on apical two-thirds,
over three times as long as wide; pecten reaching nearly to middle, the two
distal teeth detached, followed by a single ample hair-tuft ; single spine of pecten
with a long shaft, wider at base, with six small branches toward base and some-
times small ones on the other side opposite the outer one. Lateral comb of
eighth segment of many scales in a triangular patch ; single scale elliptical, with
eight stout side teeth, longer distally, and one very long simple apical spine.
Anal segment longer than wide, the dorsal plate reaching well down the sides,
incised at the lower angle ; dorsal tuft a brush and hair on each side ; a single
lateral hair; ventral brush well developed, continued basally beyond barred area;
anal gills moderate, tapered, about as long as the segment.

The larva? occur in the early spring in pools in swamp-land from overwinter-
ing eggs. The adults appear early. Professor Smith has recorded the following
observations, made in New Jersey :

" Though aurifer is by no means common anywhere, it is one of the most blood-
thirsty species we have. It has never been found far away from its breeding
places and does not enter houses, but does fly for some distance at night, and is
not so closely confined to the woods as canadensis. If its haunts are entered dur-
ing the day it attacks fiercely and fearlessly. Mr. Brakeley, who is the only person
known to me who has any considerable personal acquaintance with this species,
several times refers to this point in his notes and mentions the fact that when
once the insect has tasted blood it is almost impossible to drive it off and it may
be taken without difficulty

"The earliest date for adult aurifer is April 23d, the latest for larvae is May
10th, from which the adult was bred May 13th. Adults were taken as late as
July 24th, yet blood-thirsty, and occurred in considerable swarms during the
last days of June. This would indicate an adult life period of nearly three
months — much longer than we have been inclined to credit them with. It seems
scarcely possible that a summer brood of larva? could have been overlooked, since
Mr. Brakeley collected continuously through June, and the Orange Mountains
and Great Piece meadows were looked over again and again during the entire
season.

" The 'dates above given are all from Lahaway, so that no objection can be
made that the extremes are from different climatic conditions. That the matter
was held in mind, Mr. Brakeley's notes of June 25, 1903, show clearly. He
made a trip into aurifer territory, ran into a swaim and ' the whole shooting
match made a dive for me, prompted by a thirst from end to end : bill first and
legs last.' So thirsty were they and so much in a hurry that they did not even
stop to sing, and so eager in sucking that there was no trouble in bottling the
specimens that had gotten a hold. All the pools nearby were examined closely,
but no larva?, pupa? or signs of recent development were observed. The places
where the larva? had been found early in the season were then dry.

770

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

" Previous to that, on May 29th, while one of the reservoirs was yet water
covered, a very careful examination was made and all the places where larvae
were earlier taken were tested — without result so far as obtaining larvae was
concerned.

" Practically all our knowledge of this species comes from Mr. Brakeley's
observations, though in 1904 Mr. Grossbeck took larvae in the Great Piece
Meadow, May 10th, from which a male adult was obtained May 13th, as against
a dozen canadensis which emerged on the same date. Mr. Brehme, in collections
of larvae and pupae made at Arlington, May 9th, also had one male of this species,
which emerged May 13th. This indicates a somewhat general distribution in the
State [New Jersey], but a rare occurrence at any point. No one save Mr.
Brakeley has taken the adults in New Jersey, and all who have taken the larva
have found it associated with that of canadensis.

# 4s * #

" In 1903 Mr. Brakeley sent in the first larvae, March 23d, as extra large cana-
densis. Being advised of the difference, he found them afterwards in the larger
bodies of water covering the bogs and reservoirs and in pools of considerable
size nearby, always associated with canadensis and always comparatively Tare.
They do not hug the edge of the pool so generally as do some of the other species,
but favor tufts of grass, rushes or vines several feet from shore. Larva? only
were collected until April 14th, at which time the first pupa was taken. There-
after larvae and pupae were taken until well along in May, the latest actual date
at which either larvae or pupae occurred being May 13th. No aurifer larvae have
been collected with the earliest canadensis, and from such data as I have at hand
it seems that the eggs begin to hatch during the early days of March and that the
larvae grow quite rapidly at first, as though they might produce the earliest
adults. But they linger in the last stage, and the first pupae require from five to
nine days to mature.

" Eggs of aurifer have not been obtained by me ; but there seems little doubt
that they are laid like those of canadensis, though probably different in form.
The water is drawn from the bogs before the aurifer adults disappear, hence the
eggs must be laid in the bog mud, where they rest until they become water cov-
ered again in late fall and hatch in the spring following. I have no evidence
that there is more than one brood of this species. The pupa is recognizable from
that of canadensis by its decidedly larger size and white air-tubes."

Northeastern United States.

Center Harbor, New Hampshire, July 22, 1902 (H. G. Dyar) ; Dublin, New
Hampshire, June, 1909 (A. Busck) ; Westfield, Massachusetts, July 30, 1903
(P. Knab) ; Springfield, Massachusetts, May 21, 1903 (P. Knab) ; Suffield,
Connecticut (G. Dimmock) ; Weekapaug, Bhode Island, July 5, 1904 (H. G.
Dyar) ; Lahaway, New Jersey (J. T. Brakeley). Eeported also from Elizabeth-
town, New York (Felt).

AEDES CUNEATUS Dyar & Knab.

Aedes cuneatus Dyar & Knab, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxv, 54, 1908.
Aedes argentescens Dyar & Knab, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxv, 55, 1908.
Aedes cuneatus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 620, 1910.
Aedes argentescens Theobald, Mon. Cullc, v, 620, 1910.

Original Description of Aedes cuneatus :

Female. — Proboscis rather long, black-scaled; palpi entirely black-scaled; occiput
pale yellowish-scaled, with a brown spot at each side; mesonotum deep brown-
scaled, with slight luster, and with two narrow pale yellowish subdorsal stripes;
these stripes are thickened along the median portion and become much narrowed
on the posterior third, reaching the scutellum outwardly of the antescutellar bare

AEDES CUNEATIIS

771

space; they have a more or less distinct brassy luster; there are a few of these
yellowish scales along the sides of the antescutellar bare space and the mid-lobe of
the scutellum is clothed with similar scales; abdomen black-scaled above, without
bronzy luster, with cream-white lateral basal segmental triangular patches; be-
neath cream-white scaled, with apical black segmental bands; wings with dark
narrow scales along the veins; legs black-scaled, with bronzy luster; femora ven-
trally and basally white; tibiae of all the legs whitish-scaled on the inner side;
tarsi not ringed; claws all toothed. Length, 4.5 mm.

In the male the palpi somewhat exceed the proboscis, black-scaled, with bluish
luster, the terminal segments clothed with numerous long hairs; head densely
yellowish scaled on the occiput, with a silvery luster; the yellowish thoracic stripes
are much more diffuse behind the middle than in the female; the stripes become
greatly expanded on the sides and they also coalesce more or less with the yellowish
scaling around the antescutellar bare space; the abdomen is black-scaled above, the
second segment with pale basal band, the succeeding segments with lateral basal
triangular segmental white patches; the under surface white-scaled, with narrow
apical black bands on the segments. Length, 5.5 mm.

Thirty-five specimens from Cordoba, Mexico, bred from larvae in temporary
puddles. (F. Knab)

Type— Cat. No. 11964, U. S. N. M.

Original Description of Aedes arqentescens:

Female.— Proboscis long and slender, black-scaled; palpi black-scaled; head with
the occiput clothed with silvery scales, a large and dark spot on each side; meso-
notum clothed with deep brown scales and with two subdorsal lines of silvery scales;
these lines are much broadened along their middle third, becoming much attenuated
posteriorly, reaching the scutellum well to the sides of the antescutellar bare space;
bare space bordered with silvery scales; scutellum silver-scaled; abdomen deep
black, with coppery luster above, and with lateral basal segmental triangular silvery
white spots; beneath creamy white, with large triangular black apical segmental
lateral spots, which do not unite to form bands; wings with dark long and narrow
scales along the veins; legs dark-scaled, with pronounced bronzy luster; the femora
pale at base and beneath, tibiae narrowly pale-scaled on the under side; tarsi not
ringed; claws toothed on all the feet. Length, 2.5 mm.

In the male the palpi exceed the proboscis, black-scaled, the terminal portion
densely clothed with long black hairs; head with the vertex clothed with dull silvery
scales; the markings of the mesonotum similar to those of the female, but the sub-
median stripes greatly expanded on the middle portion; abdomen black-scaled above,
with slight coppery luster, the basal segmental lateral spots becoming united into
bands on segments 3, 4, 6, and 7, eighth segment mostly whitish scaled. Length,
3.5 mm.

Six specimens from C6rdoba, Mexico, and Almoloya, State of Oaxaca, Mexico, bred
from larvae in temporary puddles. (F. Knab)
Type— Cat. No. 11965, U. S. N. M.

The light markings show a silvery metallic luster, with a grayish cast, which
varies in intensity in different specimens.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes cuneatus:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, subcylindrical ; labellfe conically tapered;
vestiture brownish-black; setas minute, curved, black, those on the labellas more
prominently outstanding. Palpi short, about one-fifth as long as the proboscis ;
vestiture of blackish-brown scales and moderate black seta?. Antenna? filiform,
the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black, second joint a little swollen towards
middle, its base pale; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation,
luteous, Jjrown on inner side; hairs of whorls moderate, sparse, black. Clypeus
rounded triangular, with a slight median groove, depressed, dark brown, nude.
Eyes black. Occiput dark brown, clothed with narrow, curved scales on vertex,
flat appressed ones on the sides, silvery-white, an indistinct brown spot on sides,
a group of erect forked pale scales on nape ; bristles along margins of eyes black,
a tuft projecting forward between the eyes pale yellow.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, dark brown, clothed with narrow
lanceolate pale scales and dark bristles. Mesonotum dark brown, clothed with
narrow curved scales, dark bronzy brown on lateral thirds, medianly a rather
broad, pale-brown longitudinal stripe, bordered on either side by a narrow dark-

772

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

brown line followed outwardly by narrow silvery stripes, broader medianly and
angularly produced at the middle; antescutellar space narrowly bordered by
silvery scales. Scutellum trilobate, gray, with silvery scales, each lobe with a
group of brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, brown, nude. Pleurae
brownish, coxa? luteous, clothed with patches of flat, broadly triangular white
scales and rows of golden bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, tapering posteriorly; dorsal vestiture
black with brown luster, a series of lateral, basal, segmental, triangular, yellow-
ish-white patches, largest on sixth and seventh segments; first segment with
patches of black scales and with many long, fine, pale hairs ; venter white with
the apical lateral angles of segments black. Cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell somewhat shorter
than its cell, that of second posterior about equal to its cell ; basal cross-vein dis-
tant about its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales brown, the outstand-
ing ones narrowly ligulate. Halteres whitish, with pale knobs.

Legs moderately long, slender ; vestiture dark bronzy brown ; under sides of
femora yellowish-white nearly to the tips ; tibiae and tarsi with paler luster be-
neath. Claw formula, 1.1—1.1—1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, moderate, dull brown scaled. Palpi exceeding the
proboscis by nearly the length of the last joint ; vestiture entirely blackish-brown
with submetallic luster ; end of long joint and the last two joints slightly swollen,
with long, dense black hairs. Antennae plumose, the last two joints long and
slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others short, pale, with black rings at in-
sertions of hair-whorls ; hairs long, dense, dull brown. Coloration similar to the
female. Abdomen elongate, depressed, with large, lateral, basal, segmental,
white patches, very large on the sixth and seventh segments, the last segment
entirely white scaled ; lateral eiliation of abundant long, fine, pale hairs. Wings
slightly narrower than in the female, the stems of the fork-cells longer, the
vestiture sparse. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 5.5 mm.; wing 4 mm.

Genitalia (plate 29, fig. 198) : Side-pieces about three times as long as wide,
rounded at tips ; apical lobe rounded, low, not reaching far toward base ; basal
lobe low, but bearing fine hairs and a large, very stout curved spine. Clasp-
filament long, slightly swollen mesially, with a long articulated terminal spine.
Harpes elliptical, concave, tips thickened, pointed, curved. Harpagones with
long, rather slender columnar stem, smooth, uniform ; terminal filament with a
lateral expansion which has four to five sharp retrose spines, its tip roundedly
pointed. Basal lobes well separated, small, rounded, each with three short seta?.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 119, fig. 412). — Head rounded, widest through eyes;
antenna? rather small, uniform, spinulated, with a small tuft before middle;
both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single, ante-antennal tuft multiple. Body with
the skin pilose. Lateral comb of eighth abdominal segment of numerous scales
in a triangular patch, each scale with long central spine and long lateral fringe.
Air-tube about two and a half times as long as wide, slightly tapered outwardly ;
pecten of about seventeen evenly and closely set teeth, reaching to near middle,
followed by a single tuft of about eight hairs. Anal segment slightly longer
than wide, ringed by the plate ; dorsal tuft a long hair and tuft on each side ;
lateral hair single, small ; ventral brush well developed, confined by the chitinous
ring; anal gills long, thick at base, tapering to fine points, equal.

The larva? live in temporary ground-puddles. Mr. Knab got them in puddles
in a stream-bed, associated with Psorophora posticatus, Culex proclamator,
Psorophora ciliata, and Psorophora virescens; in a pool of clear water in a
stream-bed, associated with Culex derivator, Culex pinarocampa, and Anopheles

AEDES TRIVITTATUS

773

strigimacula; in a ditch of muddy water associated with Culex coronator and
Culex pinarocampa; near a river in some holes in the ground filled with dead
leaves, the water blue-back and almost opaque, associated with Lutzia bigoti.
Mr. Barber captured a male on a cotton flower.
Southern Mexico to Central America.

Cordoba, Mexico, January 20, April 8, 1908 (F. Knab) ; Almoloya, State of
Oaxaca, Mexico, July 19, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz,
Guatemala, April 8 and 15, 1906 (Schwarz & Barber).

After a careful study of specimens of cuncatus and argentescens we have
reached the conclusion that they represent one species only. The larva? and
the male genitalia are the same, while both forms occurred in the same pools.
The difference in coloration, therefore, is due to variation, and the name argente-
scens may be retained in a varietal sense to designate the form in which the
thoracic markings are silvery instead of yellow. The specimens of the form
argentescens average smaller than those of cuncatus; this would seem to indi-
cate that the coloration is governed by nutrition, poorly nourished specimens
becoming paler. There is, besides, considerable variation in the extent of the
light subdorsal stripes and in the color of the median stripe ; this latter in some
specimens is deep brown like the lateral areas, thus producing a form similar
to A 'edes trivittatus.

AEDES TRIVITTATUS (Coquillett) Dyar & Knab.

Culex trivittatus Coquillett, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, x, 193, 1902.
Culex trivittatus Smith, Ent. News, xv, 145, 1904.
Culex trivittatus Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 333, 1904.
Culicada trivittatus Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 391&, 1904.
Culex inconspicuus Grossbeck, Ent. News, xv, 333, 1904.
Culex trivittatus Smith, Bull. 171, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., 38, 1904.
Culex trivittatus Britton & Viereck, Rept. Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta., 1904, 269, 272, 273,
1905.

Culex trivittatus Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Stat., Rept. Mosq., 286, 1905.
Culex inconspicuus Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Stat., Rept. Mosq., 295, 1905.
Culex trivittatus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 339, 1905.
Culex inconspicuus Smith & Grossbeck, Psyche, xii, 18, 1905.
Culicada trivittatus Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 447, 1905.
Culex inconspicuus Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiii, 108, 1905.
Aedes trivittatus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 197, 1906.
Aedes inconspicuus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 199, 1906.
Ochlerotatus trivittatus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech. Ser. 11, 18, 1906.
Ochlerotatus inconspicuus Coquillett, U, S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 21.
1906.

Ochlerotatus trivittatus Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circ. 72, 5, 1906.
Ochlerotatus inconspicuus Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circ. 72, 5, 1906.
Pseudohowardina trivittata Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 224, 1907.
Culex inconspicuus Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 438, 1907.
Aedes trivittatus Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., Hi, 63, 1908.
Culex (Ochlerotatus) triviatus Viereck, 1st Ann. Rept. Comm. Health Pa., 470, 1908.
Culex (Ochlerotatus) inconspicuous Viereck, 1st Ann. Rept. Comm. Health Pa., 471,
1908.

Culex inconspicuus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 387, 1910.
Pseud ohomardina trivittata Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 227, 1910.
Aedes trivittatus Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 719, 1910.
Aedes inconspicuous Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 719, 1910.

Original Description of Culex trivittatus:

Near triseriatus, but with three vitta? of blackish scales on the mesonotum. Black,
the first joint of antenna? and base of second, the coxae and greater portion of femora,
yellow; scales of palpi black, those on the occiput light yellow, a large patch of dark
gray ones on each side of the middle, the upright ones yellow; scales of mesonotum
brassy yellow and with three broad vittse of blackish ones, the median vitta not quite
extending to either end of the mesonotum; scales of abdomen black, those at the
front angles of the segments and on the venter whitish; scales of legs black, those on

774

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

the coxae and on the posterior side of the femora and tibiae, covering nearly the
whole of the hind femora, yellowish-white; tarsal claws rather large, one-toothed;
wings hyaline, lateral elongated scales of the veins narrow and almost linear, second
basal cell shorter than the first, petiole of first submarginal cell nearly one-half as
long as that cell. Length, 4 mm.
Habitat. — Chester, New Jersey.

Two female specimens collected September 10 and 14 by Prof. J. B. Smith.
Type. No. 6702, U. S. N. M.

Original Description of Culex inconspicuus :

$. — Head dark brown, occiput with pale yellow scales scattered over the surface;
antennae dark brown, the two basal joints pale testaceous; proboscis and palpi dark
brown. Mesonotum dark brown with yellowish scales at the sides, forming a rather
diffuse central brown vitta; shoulders brown, separated from the vitta by a narrow
line of yellow scales; scutellum brown with yellow bristles; metanotum blackish
brown; pleura brown, with small patches of grayish white scales; halteres pale
brown, darker at the apex. Abdomen deep brown, with narrow dirty white bands at
base of segments, which widen out laterally; beneath it is pale brownish with
scattered white scales, more so apicaily. Legs with coxae pale brown, femora brown,
under side yellowish white, knee dot barely discernible; tibia and tarsi wholly
brown; claws uniserrated on all feet; wings hyaline, petiole of first submarginal
cell about one-third as long as this cell. Length 4 mm.

c£. — Palpi uniformly dark brown. Bands of abdomen narrow in the anterior seg-
ments, very wide in the posterior ones and with some mixed brown scales, giving
the bands a dark appearance; beneath it is whitish, with brown scales intermixed.
Claws of anterior and mid feet unequal, the larger biserrated, the smaller uni-
serrated ; claws of posterior feet equal and uniserrated. Petiole of first submarginal
cell about half as long as this cell. Length 4.5 mm. Otherwise as in the female.

Described from three $ and one 5 bred from larva? gathered on Garret Mts.,
Paterson, N. J.

Type: In the collection of the New Jersey Experiment Station.
Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes trtvittatus:

Female. — Proboscis rather long and slender, subcylindrical ; labellse conically
tapered ; vestiture brownish-black; setse minute, curved, black, those on labellae
more prominently outstanding. Palpi short, about one-fifth as long as pro-
boscis; vestiture of blackish-brown scales and moderate black seta;. Antenna?
filiform, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black; second joint a little swollen
before middle, its basal two-thirds pale; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped
apical excavation, luteous, brown on inner side; hairs of whorls moderate,
sparse, black. Clypeus rounded subtriangular, with a slight median groove,
depressed, dark brown, nude. Eyes black. Occiput dark brown, clothed with
flat appressed scales, except on median line, where there are narrow curved
ones, lustrous pale yellow shading to an indistinct brown spot on the sides, the
erect forked scales well back on the nape pale, small and poorly differentiated;
bristles along margins of eyes black, a pale-yellow tuft projecting forward be-
tween the eyes.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, dark brown, clothed with pale-
yellow scales and black bristles. Mesonotum dark brown, clothed with narrow
curved scales, dark bronzy-brown except a narrow anterior border and a pair of
rather broad longitudinal, pale brassy yellow, subdorsal stripes, broadened pos-
teriorly and becoming confluent upon the antescutellar space. Scutellum trilo-
bate, gray, with pale-yellow scales, each lobe with a group of brown bristles.
Postnotum elliptical, prominent, brown, nude. Pleura blackish, coxas luteous,
clothed with patches of flat, triangular white scales and rows of golden bristles.

Abdomen elongate, subcylindrical, somewhat flattened, tapered posteriorly;
dorsal vestiture brownish black with faint submetallic luster, a series of lateral,
basal, segmental, triangular yellowish-white patches which are continued broadly
across the venter, leaving only the narrow apical lateral angles of the ventral seg-
ments black ; second segment dorsally with patches of brownish black scales and
with many fine pale hairs. Cerci black.

AEDES TRIVITTATUS

775

Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell about half as long
as its cell, that of second posterior cell somewhat shorter than its cell ; basal
cross-vein distant about its own length from anterior cross- vein ; scales brown,
the outstanding ones narrowly ligulate. Halteres whitish, with pale brown
knobs.

Legs moderately long, slender; vestiture dark bronzy-brown; under sides of
femora yellowish nearly to tip; knees narrowly white scaled. Claw formula,
1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Male. — Proboscis moderate, straight, blackish brown scaled. Palpi exceeding
the proboscis by the length of the last joint ; end of long joint and last two joints
slightly swollen, with abundant long brown hairs; vestiture dark brown without
rings, end of long joint black. Antenna? plumose; last two joints long and
slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others short, brownish luteous, with narrow
black rings on the incrassated origins of the hair-whorls; hairs long, dense,
pale brown with yellowish reflection. Coloration similar to the female. Abdo-
men elongate, depressed, dorsally with narrow pale basal segmental bands, the
last segment entirely dark scaled ; lateral ciliation long, fine, abundant, pale
yellow. Wings narrower than in the female, the stems of the fork-cells longer,
the vestiture sparse. Claw formula, 2.1—2.1—1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 30, fig. 201) : Side-pieces about three times as long as wide,
apical lobe undeveloped, represented by a narrow expansion of the whole margin,
basal lobe rounded, hemispherical, small, setose and bearing a long, stout, hooked
spine. Clasp-filament slender, uniform with a long articulated terminal spine.
Harpes narrow, elliptical, inner margin revolute and thickened, tips sharply
pointed and recurved. Harpagones with slender columnar base bearing a ligu-
late filament which is expanded at the middle and bears a sharp retrose spine.
Unci approximate, revolute, forming a slender cone, cleft at tip. Basal append-
ages small, approximate, bearing four long spines.

Larva, Stage IV (see figure of the entire larva, plate 68). — Head rounded,
narrowed before eyes, a notch at insertion of antennae, the front margin arcuate.
Antenna? slender with a small tuft at middle. Mental plate triangular, thick,
with a small central tooth and fourteen on each side, the basal ones somewhat
more remotely spaced, the last one small. Mandible quadrangular; two fila-
ments before tip; an outer row of cilia from a collar; a row of filaments along
outer margin ; dentition of four teeth on a process, the first longest ; a spine
before, a broad filament and six long feathered hairs within ; process below
elongate, square, obscurely furcate, fringed with hair along outer margin and
with a tuft at apex ; basal angle moderate ; four hairs within ; a row of long ones
at base. Maxilla elongate hemispherical, divided by a suture ; inner half hairy,
a tuft of long hairs at tip; outer half with two long filaments very near the
apex and a spine on the other side ; palpus rather long, stout, with five irregular
digits at tip. Thorax moderate, the tufts of lateral hairs rather short. Abdo-
men elongate; lateral hairs on segments 3 to 6 single. Air-tube over twice as
long as wide, conically tapered ; pecten reaching to beyond middle, evenly spaced,
teeth longer outwardly, about twenty in number ; a single tuft of about six hairs
beyond pecten ; single pecten-tooth a long spine with five short basal branches.
Lateral comb of eighth segment of about twenty scales in a patch nearly three
rows deep; single scale elongate, thorn-shaped, fringed with spinules at base.
Anal segment about as long as wide, ringed by the plate; dorsal tuft a hair and
brush on each side ; ventral brush well developed, confined to barred area ; anal
gills moderate, ensiform.

776

MOSQUITOES OP NORTH AMERICA

The lame live in ground pools of a temporary nature, yet such as do not
dry too quickly, such as woodland pools, or edges of swamps. The eggs probably
hibernate, and there are probably several broods during the year, eggs hatching
when the conditions are favorable. Professor Smith found the larvae associated
with Psorophora sayi and Aedes sylvestris. Concerning the habits of the adults
he says :

" This is another woodland mosquito, and one which has not, up to the
present time, been found in towns or even on porches of buildings surrounded
by trees. It has never been found indoors, anywhere. The species breeds in
some numbers on the ridge back of South Orange, but none of the specimens
taken in that place were referable to this species. Outdoor captures were made
July 2d, at Trenton, by Mr. Grossbeck; July 4th and 5th, at Chester, by Mr.
Dickerson; July 13th, at Summit; July 17th and 18th, at Deckertown;* July
21st and 22nd, at Lake Hopatcong, all by Mr. Grossbeck; August 25th, at
Jamesburg, by Mr. Marsh, and September 3d, in the Great Piece Meadow, by
Mr. Brehme. All these localities are from the more northern section of the
State and none are south of the red shale except the Jamesburg locality. All
the collectors report that this mosquito is fierce in its attack, but not one was
really bitten. The insects seemed to tackle low — that is, they rarely came above
the knees, Mr. Grossbeck being especially emphatic on this point. The result
was that these parts, being protected by the clothing, did not suffer, while the
insect yet gave an exhibition of its good intentions in the matter."

United States, from Massachusetts to Texas; Mexico and Central America.

Westfield, Massachusetts, July 30, 1903 (P. Knab) ; South Amherst, Massa-
chusetts, July 10, 1903 (G. Dimmock) ; Granby, Massachusetts, September 12,
1903 (F. Knab) ; Chester, New Jersey, September 14 (through J. B. Smith) ;
Plummer's Island, Maryland, July 7 (B. P. Currie) ; Woodstock, Virginia,
August 5, 1904 (F. C. Pratt) ; Bosslyn, Virginia, September 28, 1904 (T.
Pergande) ; Denison, Texas, June 24, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Sherman, Texas,
June 23, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Woodlake, Texas, June 21, 1904 (H. S.
Barber) ; Sierra Madre, State of Chihuahua, Mexico (C. H. T. Townsend) ; Las
Cascadas, Canal Zone, Panama, May 15, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Tabernilla, Canal
Zone, Panama (A. Busck) ; La Boca, Canal Zone, Panama (A. Busck) ; Colon,
Panama (A. Busck) ; Pedro Miguel, Canal Zone, Panama (A. H. Jennings).

We have carefully examined the types of Culex inconspicuus, which are in
very poor condition, and have been able to satisfy ourselves that they are this
species. Professor Smith kindly loaned them to us, and also the original slides
of the larva?. The larvae are in the third stage, not mature, and this, together
with some slight exaggeration of the characters which occurs in the drawing
(Smith, Bept. on Mosquitoes, 1905, p. 296, fig. 93), accounts for the apparent
specific characters shown for the larva. We therefore make the reference to
the synonymy positively.

It is possible that the yellow stripes on the mesonotum may vary in width and
intensity of color, in which case Aedes angustivittatus may prove to be only
a variety of this species. The lateral white abdominal spots of Aedes trir
vittatus are in some specimens extended dorsally to form basal segmental
bands.

AEDES ANGUSTIVITTATUS Dyar & Knab.

Aedes angustivittatus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 9, 1907.
Aedes angustivittatus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 485, 1910.

Original Description of Aedes angustivittatus :

Proboscis brown; palpi entirely dark; head with a narrow pale margin behind
the eyes and the vertex broadly pale scaled; thorax brown with two narrow longi-
tudinal golden yellow stripes extending the entire length, connected at the front

AEDES ANGUSTIVITTATUS

777

margin by a narrow transverse stripe of the same color. In front of the base of the
wing are many pale golden hairs. Pleura pale scaled. Abdomen black above, with
light lateral patches at the front angles of the segments, beneath creamy white,
segments with a narrow black margin behind. Legs dark, unhanded, the femora
pale beneath and at base. All tarsal claws toothed in the female.

25 specimens, Port Limon, Costa Rica; Zent, 20 miles from Port Limon; Rio
Aranjuez, near Puntarenas, Costa Rica (F. Knab) ; Blueflelds, Nicaragua (W. F.
Thornton).

Type. — Cat. no. 10140, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Nearly allied to Aedes trivittatus Coquillett, but the golden thoracic lines are
narrower.

Description of Female of Aedes angustivittatus (Male and Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis moderately long- and slender, subcylindrical ; labellce
eonically tapered ; vestiture brownish-black ; setae minute, curved, black, those
on labellae more prominently outstanding. Palpi short, about one-fifth as long
as the proboscis; vestiture of blackish-brown scales and moderate black setae.
Antennae filiform, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black; second joint a
little swollen before middle, its base pale ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped
apical excavation, luteous, brown on inner side ; hairs of whorls moderate, sparse,
black. Clypeus rounded subtriangular, short, convex, dark brown, nude. Eyes
black. Occiput dark brown, clothed with flat appressed scales, except narrowly
on the median line, where there are narrow curved ones, pale yellow shading to
brown on the sides, sometimes forming a distinct patch, small and poorly dif-
ferentiated erect forked scales well back on the nape, pale in the middle, black
laterally ; bristles along margins of eyes black, a tuft projecting forward between
the eyes pale yellow.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, dark brown, clothed with pale
yellowish scales and black bristles. Mesonotum dark brown, clothed with
narrow curved scales, dark bronzy-brown except a narrow anterior border and
a pair of slender, longitudinal subdorsal golden yellow stripes, widened pos-
teriorly and bordering the antescutellar bare space. Scutellum trilobate, gray,
with pale yellow scales, each lobe with a group of black bristles. Postnotum
elliptical, prominent, brown, nude. Pleurae blackish, coxae luteous. clothed
with patches of flat triangular white scales and rows of golden bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, somewhat flattened, tapered posteriorly ; dorsal ves-
titure brownish-black with submetallic luster, a series of large lateral basal
segmental triangular yellowish-white patches ; first segment with brownish
black scales and many fine pale hairs; venter pale ocherous yellow scaled, the
segments with narrow, dark apical bands. Cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell over half as long
as its cell, that of second posterior cell somewhat shorter than its cell; basal
cross-vein distant about its own length from anterior cross- vein ; scales deep
brown, the outstanding ones broadly linear. Halteres whitish, with brown knobs.

Legs moderate, the vestiture blue-black the under sides of the femora yellow-
ish nearly to the tip. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Life hfstory and habits unknown.

Central America.

Port Limon, Costa Rica, September 28, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Puntarenas, Costa
Rica, September 13, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Bluefields, Nicaragua (W. F. Thornton) ;
Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama, May 13, 1908 (A. H. Jennings).

Aedes angustivittatus might be mistaken for a variety of Aedes trivittatus,
differing in the width of the thoracic yellow stripes and their richer color. We
have no knowledge of the male genitalia nor of the larvoa, but the difference in
50

778

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

the vestiture of the occiput indicates a distinct species. The median line of
narrow scales is distinctly broader, M'hile the scales on either side of it are usually
very extensively black.

AEDES OBTURBATOR Dyar & Knab.

Culex trivittatus Coffin (not Coquillett), in Shattuck, The Bahama Ids., 289, 1905.
Aedes obturbator Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 9, 1907.
Aedes obturbator Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 485, 1910.

Original Description of Aedes obturbator:

Proboscis brown; palpi dark; head behind the eyes pale yellowish; at the sides a
dark spot; thorax bronzy yellow, a median dark brown stripe running the whole
length, the lateral margin brown with irregular outline; the scutellum is silvery;
pleura pale scaled. Abdomen black above, with white basal bands ; beneath entirely
pale. Legs dark, unhanded, the femora pale beneath. All tarsal claws toothed in the
female.

22 specimens, Tarpon Bay, Bahama Islands (T. H. Coffin).
Type.— Cat. no. 10141, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Allied to Aedes auratus Grabham, but the thorax has a brown median band.
Description of Female of Aedes obturbator (Male and Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis rather slender, subcylindrical ; labellae conically tapered ;
vestiture brownish black ; seta? minute, black, those on labellae more prominently
outstanding. Palpi short, one-sixth as long as the proboscis ; vestiture of black-
ish-brown scales and moderate black setae. Antennas filiform, the joints sub-
equal, rugose, pilose, black ; second joint a little swollen towards middle, its base
very pale; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, pale yellow;
hairs of whorls moderate, sparse, black. Clypeus short, rounded triangular,
convex, dull brown, nude. Eyes black. Occiput dark brown, clothed with
rather broad curved scales over the whole vertex, flat appressed ones on the sides,
pale yellow, with a brown-black quadrate patch well down on the sides ; a group
of erect forked golden scales on the nape ; bristles along margins of eyes black, a
tuft projecting forward between the eyes pale yellow.

Prothoracie lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, pale luteous, clothed with pale
scales and black bristles. Mesonotum dark brown, clothed with narrow curved
scales, metallic brownish yellow except a narrow, dark bronzy-brown, median
longitudinal stripe, broadened somewhat posteriorly from before antescutellar
space. Scutellum trilobate, gray, with pale yellow scales, each lobe with a group
of brown seta?. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown, with yellow lateral
margins, nude. Pleurae pale luteous, with large dark brown spots, coxae luteous,
clothed with patches of flat, triangular white scales and rows of golden bristles,
the scales over the large, elongate dark brown spot along the humeral angles
dull brown.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, tapered posteriorly; dorsal vestiture
brownish black, a series of basal, segmental, narrow, dull white bands becoming
broader at sides ; first segment with dull black scales and many fine, pale setae ;
venter dull white, the last two segments with black apical bands. Cerci black.

Wings rather broad, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell less than half
as long as its cell, that of the second posterior cell considerably shorter than its
cell ; basal cross-vein distant more than its own length from anterior cross-vein ;
scales dark brown, outstanding ones broadly linear. Halteres whitish, with
brown knobs.

Legs slender, moderately long; vestiture dull bronzy-brown; under sides of
femora yellowish nearly to tips; knees pale scaled. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.
Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.
Life history and habits unknown.
Bahama Islands, West Indies.

AEDES DUPREEI

779

Tarpum Bay, Eleuthera, 1903 (T. H. Coffin).

The specimens of Aedes obtnrbator are stated to have been captured in the
woods on July 7.

AEDES DUPREEI (Coquillett) Dyar & Knab.

Culex dupreei Coquillett, Can. Ent., xxxvi, 10, 1904.

Culex dupreei Smith, Ent. News, xv, 49, 1904.

Culex dupreei Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 334, 1904.

Culicada dupreei Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 391c. 1904.

Culex dupreei Smith, Bull. 171, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., 38, 1904.

Culex dupreei Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Stat., Rept. Mosq., 281. 1905.

Grabhamia dupreei Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 48, 1905.

Culicada dupreei Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 447, 479, 1905.

Aedes dupreei Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 195, 1906.

Ochlerotatus dupreei Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 18, 1906.

Ochlerotatus dupreei Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circ. 72, 4, 1906.

Culex dupreei Howard, Osier's Modern Medicine, i, 377, 1907.

Protoculex ? dupreei Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 466, 1907.

Aedes dupreei Thibault, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xii, 18, 1910.

Protoculex (?) dupreei Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 402, 1910.

Aedes dupreei Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 719, 1910.

Original Description of Culex dupreei:

Female. Near serratus. but much smaller, the white-scaled median vitta of the
mesonotum broader, widening posteriorly where it is wider than the brown lateral
portion, etc. Black, the bases of antennae, lower part of pleura, the metanotum.
basal portion of venter, coxae, and femora, yellowish; scales of palpi black, those of
occiput white, and with a spot of black ones each side; scales of middle of meso-
notum white, those on the sides brown, on the pleura and scutellum white; scales
of abdomen brown, those on the basal angles of the segments and on the venter
white; scales of femora yellowish, those on front side of first two pairs, and on apical
portion of upper side of hind ones, chiefly brown, those of tibiae and tarsi brown;
tarsal claws toothed; wings hyaline, lateral scales of the veins narrow and linear,
petiole of first submarginal cell about one-third the length of that cell, hind cross-
vein about its length from the small; length, slightly over 2 mm.

Male. — Colours as in the female, but the mesonotum nearly covered with white
scales; penultimate joint of palpi considerably dilated, the last joint narrow, front
and middle tarsi with one tooth under one of the claws, none under the other, petiole
of first submarginal cell nearly as long as the cell.

Baton Rouge, Louisiana. — A specimen of each sex received from Mr. J. W. Dupree,
after whom the species is named. Type No. 7340, U. S. National Museum. Mr.
Dupree writes that the eggs and larva? of this species are very distinct from those of
serratus. A small series bred by Dr. J. B. Smith, at New Brunswick, New Jersey,
has also been examined.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes dupreei:

Female. — Proboscis rather short, subcylindrical, uniform ; labellas conically
tapered; vestiture black; setse curved, minute, black, those on labellas more
prominently outstanding. Palpi short, one-fifth as long as the proboscis, black,
with sparse bristly setae. Antennas filiform, the joints subequal, distal ones
slightly longer, rugose, blackish, pilose ; second joint slightly thickened, pale on
basal two-thirds; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, pale
brown, brownish-black on inner side ; hairs of whorls sparse, rather long, black.
Clypeus short, broad, rounded in front, convex, black, nude. Eyes black. Occi-
put dark brown ; vestiture of broad, flat scales, a narrow median line of narrow
scales on vertex, silvery-white in the middle and along margins of eyes, black
laterally ; some erect, pale, forked scales on the nape ; setse along margins of eyes
black, those projecting between the eyes pale.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, dark brown, similarly colored
to sides of mesonotum, with dark setse. Mesonotum dark brown, clothed with
long, narrow, curved scales, broadly silvery-white in a median stripe from ante-
rior edge over the antescutellar space, bronzy-brown along sides of disk. Scutel-

780

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

lum trilobate, clothed with silvery-white scales, each lobe with a group of brown-
ish-black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, brown, nude. Pleura? pale,
with brown spots, coxae pale, clothed with patches of elliptical flat white scale?
and rows of pale seta?.

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapering posterior ; dorsal vestiture of brownish
black scales with faint metallic reflection, with large lateral, basal, segmental,
triangular white patches ; first segment with a patch of dark scales and many
fine, pale hairs ; venter wholly whitish scaled. Cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell about half as long
as its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell ; basal cross-vein
about its own length distant from anterior cross-vein ; scales wholly dark brown,
outstanding ones narrowly ligulate, broader and denser towards tip of wing.
Halteres whitish, with dark knobs.

Legs slender, moderately long; vestiture dull bronzy brown with a bluish
reflection: femora pale whitish beneath, except at tip. Claw formula,
1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 3.5 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Male. — Proboscis rather long and slender. Palpi exceeding the proboscis by
nearly the length of the last joint; end of long joint and last two joints slightly
swollen and with abundant long brown hairs ; vestiture entirely bronzy brown.
Antenna? plumose, the last two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the
others short, narrowly black-ringed at insertion of hair-whorls, pale beyond :
hairs long, dense, lustrous brown. Coloration similar to the female, the dorsal
silvery area of the thorax broader, practically covering the disk. Abdomen
elongate, depressed, densely hairy laterally. Markings of the abdominal seg-
ments silvery, forming broad bands across the dorsum. Wings slightly nar-
rower than in the female, the stems of the fork-cells much longer, the vestiture
sparser. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 3 mm. ; wing 2.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 31, fig. 208) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide,
rounded at tip, apical lobe absent, basal lobe small, rounded, prominent, densely
setose, with a long stout spine within. Clasp-filament slender, slightly swollen
in middle, with a long articulated terminal spine. Harpes narrowly elliptical,
concave, inner margin thickened and revolute, tip pointed and recurved.
Harpagones with a slender columnar base bearing a short seta on inner side and
a long, very narrow, articulated terminal filament with a pointed tip. Unci
approximate, revolute, forming a large basal cone. Basal appendages small,
rather remote, bearing three stout spines at tip.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 125, fig. 435). — Head rounded, narrowed before
eyes, a slight notch at insertion of antenna?, front margin arcuate. Antenna?
cylindrical, slender, uniform, sparsely spined ; a single hair at middle; four
spines of irregular length at tip and a digit on a pedestal. Upper pair of dorsal
head-hairs single, lower pair double, ante-antennal tuft three-haired. Mental
plate rounded triangular ; teeth slightly radial, uniform, sixteen on each side, the
basal one detached and smaller. Mandible quadrangular, rather short, slightly
spined outwardly near base; two filaments near tip; an outer row of cilia;
twelve filaments on outer edge ; dentition of four teeth on a process, the first
and fourth longer ; two filaments at base, short teeth without, a broad plate and
four hairs within ; process below furcate, with patches of hair ; basal angle
moderate ; three stout hairs within ; a row of five hairs at base. Maxilla hemi-
spherical, narrowed without, divided by a suture; inner half sparsely hairy, a
tuft of hairs at tip; outer half very sparsely hairy, two large filaments at the
suture near the tip; palpus short and stout, with four small digits, of which
one is a mere rudiment. Thorax rounded, wider than long; hairs moderate.

AEDES INFIRMATUS

781

Abdomen moderate, anterior segments shorter; lateral hairs double on first
segment, single on the succeeding ones ; tracheal tubes very narrow, also narrow
within the breathing-tube. Air-tube slender, slightly bulging on basal half,
three and a half times as long as wide ; pecten of few teeth, coarse but even,
occupying basal third, followed by a single ample hair-tuft towards middle ;
single tooth a stout spine, wide at base, with three basal teeth. Lateral comb
of eighth segment of seven or eight scales in a row; single scale long, tapered
to a point, fringed with spinules the whole length. Anal segment much broader
than long, ringed by the plate ; dorsal tuft a long hair and brush on each side ;
ventral brush well developed, situated on the posterior aspect of the segment,
not exceeding the barred area; anal gills very long, six or more times as long
as the segment, gradually tapering to a sharp point, partially segmented by a
series of slight constrictions and with a stout distinct central trachea.

The larva? live in temporary ground-pools resulting from rains. The eggs
probably hibernate, but they do not hatch in the snow-water of early spring.
The larva? appear at intervals after rains, eggs hatching whenever the conditions
are favorable. The females do not appear to be attracted by man and perhaps
do not suck blood. Professor Smith says that the larva? were first found in a
woodland pool. They were at once recognized as distinct by the unusually long-
anal gills, the very small breathing tube and the habit of remaining close to the
bottom.

" While in confinement the wrigglers never rose voluntarily to the surface,
and when disturbed sailed rather than wriggled upward, descending immediately
when quiet was restored. So inconspicuous and transparent are they, that a jar
containing them would be set aside as empty unless critically examined, and
this, together with their habit of hiding among leaves at the bottom of pools,
renders them difficult to secure. * * The record indicates continuous breeding
from the middle of July to the end of September."

Mr. Knab in Costa Rica found the larva? associated with Psorophora posti-
catus, Aedes serratus, and Psorophora cilipes.

Southeastern United States to Central America ; Trinidad, West Indies.

New Brunswick, New Jersey, August 1 (through J. B. Smith) ; Washington,
District of Columbia, June 15, 1903 (W. V. Warner) ; Baton Rouge, Louisiana
(J. W. Dupree) ; Scott, Arkansas, July 11, 1908 (J, K. Thibault, Jr.) ; Las
Loras, near Puntarenas, Costa Rica, September 9, 1905 (P. Knab) ; Trinidad,
West Indies, June, 1905 (A. Busck) .

Aedes dupreei is widely distributed, but rare and difficult to find, so that
unless careful collecting is done it is not taken.

AEDES INFIRMATUS Dyar & Knab.

Gulicelsa confirmatus Dyar (not Lynch Arribalzaga) , Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiii,
186, 1905.

Aedes infirmatus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. xiv, 190. 197, 1906.
Aedes infirmatus Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circular 72, 5, 1906.
Aedes infirmatus Thibault, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xii, 18, 1910.

Original Description of Aedes infirmatus:

With the characters given in the table. The specimens were obtained by Dr.
Dupree at Baton Rouge, La., and determined by Mr. Coquillett as " Culex con-
firmatus Arrib.," a determination which appears to us too improbable to accept.

The following is an abstract of the table :

1. Air tube with the tuft beyond the pecten 8

8. Pecten of the air tube with evenly spaced teeth 13

13. Comb scales more numerous to many in a patch 21

21. Anal segment ringed by the plate 22

22. Air tube twice as long as wide or less, pecten of 12-14 teeth 26

26. Scales of comb feathered on the sides with central thorn; pecten

reaching half the length of tube; body glabrous infirmatus

782

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Description of Female, Male, Larva and Egg of Aedes infir jiatus :

Female. — Proboscis moderate, subcylindrieal, uniform; labella? conically
tapered ; vestiture black ; seta? curved, minute, black, those on the labella? more
prominently outstanding. Palpi short, about one-fifth as long as the proboscis ;
vestiture black, with sparse bristly setae. Antenna? filiform, the joints subequal.
distal ones slightly longer, rugose, blackish, pilose; second joint but slightly
thickened, pale at base ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation,
pale yellow, brownish-black on inner side ; hairs of whorls sparse, rather long,
black. Clypeus rounded triangular, convex, with a slight median groove, black,
nude. Eyes black. Occiput dark brown ; vestiture of narrow scales on the
vertex, broad ones on the sides, silvery-white in the middle and along margins
of eyes, blackish-brown laterally ; many upright, broad, pale scales on the nape ;
seta? along margins of eyes black, those projecting between eyes pale.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, dark brown, similarly colored
to sides of mesonotum, with small bronzy-brown scales and dark seta?. Meso-
notum dark brown, clothed with narrow curved scales, silvery-white in a broad
median stripe from anterior edge to posterior fourth, deep bronzy-brown on sides
of disk and behind, paler about the antescutellar space. Scutellum trilobate,
clothed with silvery scales, each lobe with a group of brownish-black bristles.
Postnotum elliptical, prominent, brown, nude. Pleura? and coxa? pale, clothed
with patches of elliptical, flat white scales and rows of pale seta?.

Abdomen subcylindrieal, tapering posteriorly; dorsal vestiture of brownish
black scales with a slight blue reflection, with lateral, basal, segmental, tri-
angular white patches ; first segment with a patch of dark scales and many fine
pale hairs ; venter wholly whitish scaled. Cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell about half as long
as its cell, that of second posterior cell somewhat shorter than its cell; basal
cross- vein less than its own length distant from anterior cross- vein; scales
wholly brownish-black, outstanding ones narrowly ligulate, denser and slightly
broader towards tip of wing. Halteres whitish, with dark knobs.

Legs slender, moderately long; vestiture dull bronzy-brown with a bluish
reflection; femora, pale whitish beneath nearly to their apices. Claw formula,
1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Male. — Proboscis moderately long and slender, straight, black scaled. Palpi
exceeding the proboscis by nearly the length of the last joint, uniformly dark
brown scaled ; end of long joint and the last two joints slightly swollen and with
numerous long black hairs. Antenna? plumose, the last two joints long and
slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others short, narrowly black-ringed at in-
sertions of hair-whorls, pale beyond ; hairs long, dense, black shading to brown.
Coloration similar to the female. Abdomen elongate, depressed; lateral cilia-
tion abundant, fine, pale ; lateral segmental spots large, tending to form narrow
basal bands dorsally; eighth segment white scaled above. Wings somewhat
narrower than in the female, the stems of the fork-cells much longer, the
vestiture sparse. Claw formida, 2.1-2.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 29, fig. 200) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide,
rounded at tip ; apical lobe small, continued narrowly two-thirds to base ; basal
lobe small, obtusely rounded, densely setose, with a long stout spine within.
Clasp-filament slender, slightly swollen medianly, with a long articulated
terminal spine. Harpes elliptical, concave, inner margin thickened and revo-
lute, tip pointed and recurved. Harpagones with a slender columnar base bent
at outer third, minutely pilose ; a long articulated terminal filament, narrowly

AEDES SOAPULARIS

783

ligulate, with a sharp retrose branch beyond. Unci approximate, revolute, the
middle forming a small basal cone. Basal appendages small, approximate,
bearing three stout spines at tip.

Larva, Stage IV. — Head rounded, narrowed before eyes, a notch at insertion
of antenna?, front margin arcuate. Antenna? cylindrical, slender, nearly uni-
form, sparsely spined all over; tuft small, before middle ; two stout spines at tip,
a small spine, a sessile digit and one on a pedestal. Eyes large, transverse.
Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single, ante-antennal tuft multiple. Mental
plate rounded triangular, the central tooth scarcely larger than the others, of
which there are sixteen on a side, the last two detached. Mandible quadrangu-
lar; two filaments before tip; an outer row of stout cilia ; a row of thirteen fila-
ments on front margin ; dentition of four teeth on a projection, the first blunt
and widened at tip, the fourth long; filaments before and within; two double
teeth at base ; process below furcate, with patches of hair ; an angle below ; four
long hairs within and four longer ones at base. Maxilla hemispherical, divided
by a band-shaped suture ; inner half hairy, the hairs in tufts inwardly, the tufts
on pedicel on the edge, a long tuft at tip ; inner half with small hairs near the
palpus, the two filaments situated near tip ; palpus three times as long as wide,
rather large, constricted in the center, two small digits and two minute ap-
pressed ones. Thorax rounded, wider than long ; hairs abundant, not long, the
subdorsal prothoracic hairs single. Abdomen stout, anterior segments shorter ;
hairs moderate, the lateral hairs double on first two segments, single on third
to sixth; secondary hairs short, in tufts; tracheal tubes broad, band-shaped,
expanded into large bladders in the thorax. Air-tube stout, slightly tapered
on outer half, three times as long as wide ; pecten reaching to middle, the teeth
evenly spaced, followed by a single hair-tuft; single pecten-tooth a long spine
with six brandies at base. Lateral comb of eighth segment of many scales in a
triangular patch ; single scale elongate triangular, with a long apical spinule
half as long as body of the scale and a fringe of smaller spinules. Anal segment
longer than wide, ringed by the plate; dorsal tuft a brush and hair on either
side ; a single lateral hair ; ventral brush well developed, confined to barred area ;
anal gills moderate, ensiform, longer than the segment.

Egg (plate 146, fig. 680). — Broadly fusiform, black, the sculpture of rhom-
boidal reticulations.

The larva? live in temporary ground-pools, particularly the edges of marshes.
The eggs probably hibernate and hatch after rains during the summer, and a
number of generations succeed each other during the year. The eggs are laid
singly. Mr. Thibault says of this mosquito :

" Locally abundant at intervals. Mostly after rains. In woods and thickets.
Sometimes about dwellings. Does not enter houses extensively. A summer
mosquito. Taken at about same time and in same places as tormentor. A per-
sistent biter; quite annoying where it is plentiful."

Gulf States.

New Orieans, Louisiana, July 18, 1901 (G. E. Beyer) ; New Orleans, Louisi-
ana, 1903 (L. G. Gill) ; Baton Bouge, Louisiana (J. W. Dupree) ; Scott.
Arkansas, August 31, 1908 (J. K. Thibault, Jr.) ; West Tampa, Florida, March
18, 1905 (H. G. Dyar) ; Bartow, Florida, March 20, 1905 (A. N. Caudell).

AEDES SCAPULARIS (Rondani) Pazos.

Culex scapularis Rondani, Studi ent., Baudi e Truqui, 109, 1848.

Ochlerotatus confl.rm.atus Lynch-Arribalzaga, Rev. Museo de la Plata, ii, 146, 1891.

Culex conflrmatus Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 320, 1900.

Culex conflrmatus Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii. 42, 1901.

Culex conflrmatus Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed.( 443, 1902.

784

MOSQUITOES OF XOETH AMERICA

Culex confirmatus Taylor, Rev. Med. Trop., iv, 118, 1903.
Culex confirmatus Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 191, 1903.

Culex confirmatus Parker, Beyer & Pothier, Bull. 13, Yell. Few Inst. (Publ. Health

& Mar.-Hosp. Serv.), 40, 1903.
Culex confirmatus Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 41, 72, 1904.
Culex confirmatus Pazos, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1904, 134, 1904.
Culex scapularis Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 335, 1905.
Culicada confirmatus Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 476, 1905.
Culex confirmatus Grabham, Can. Ent., xxxvii, 405, 1905.
Culex confirmatus Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt., 26 fasc, 26, 1905.
Culex confirmatus Theobald & Grabham, Mosq. or Culic. Jamaica, 25, 1905.
Culex confirmatus Goeldi (in part), Os Mosq. no Para, 93, 1905.
Aedes euplocamus Dyar & Knab (in part), Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 162, 1906.
Aedes hemisurus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 190, 199, 1906.
Ochlerotatus confirmatus Coquillett (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser.

11, 19, 1906.

Aedes indolescens Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 11, 1907.
Culex scapularis Autran, Anal. Dep. Nac. Hig., xiv, 20, 1907.
Culex confirmatus Aiken, Brit. Guiana Med. Annual, 1906, 68, 1907.
Aedes hemisurus Pazos, Rev. de Med. Trop., Habana, i, 99, 1908.
Culex confirmatus Peryassu, Os Culicid. do Brazil, 46, 65, 188, 1908.
Aedes scapularis Pazos, Sanidad y Ben., ii, 47, 322, 1909.
Leucomyia scapularis Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, v, 315, 1910.
Aedes indolescens Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 485, 1910.

Original Description of Culex scapularis:
Long. mill. 4.

$. Fuscus. Antennoe articulo primo luteo-fulvo. — Proboscis picea apice nigri-
cante. — Oculi nigricantes fasciis irregularibus albidis sub-argenteis (Semper ? Etiam
in vivo?). — Caput postice albo-tomentosum. — Thorax dorso antice albo tomento tecto,
postice pilosulo, pilis rufescentibus brevibus, et fuscis longioribus: pleuris fusco-
rufescentibus albo-maculatis. — Scutellum et Metathorax fusco-rufescentia. — Halteres
stipite fusco albicante capitulo satis fusciore. — Abdomen dorso nigricante fasciola
longitudinali intermedia a segmento secundo ad anum pallida, in ultimis segmentis
magis perspicua et paulo latiore: segmentis omnibus ad unumquodque latus macula
trigona albo-pollinosa; ventre albo-pollinoso et squamoso. — Pedes latere anteriori
fusci et nigricantes, posteriori lutescentes et sub-albicantes, tarsis fuscioribus. —
Aloe areolis sublimpidis, quarta et septima exterioribus aequidistantibus a basi
alarum.

Original Description of Ochlerotatus confirmatus :

Fuscus; capite postice griseo-sericeo-tecto ; mesonoto antice plus dimidio argenteo-
sub-aural o-sericeo vestito, postice fusco-cervino-squamulato, fuscoque piloso; abdo-
mine suprd nigro-fusco leviter violaceo-vergente, segmentis basi albo-sericeis, subtus
griseo-sericeo ; antennis, palpis, geniculis tibiarum apice tarsisque fuscis. Proboscis
apice fusca basin versus dilutior. Pedibus pallide flavidis. — Long. 5 millim. (?).

Antennae obscure fuscae sat longe verticillatim fusco-pilosae, torulo et articulo
primo basin versus testaceis. Caput antice nudum obscure piceum, postice griseo-
sericeo leviter argenteo-squamatum, fusco pilosum, subtus piceum. Oculi in vivis
viridi, post-mortem griseo-olivacei. Proboscis fusco-testacea, apicem versus fusco-
picea. Palpi obscure picea fere nigri. Thorax supra, antrorsumque plus dimidio
dense apresse griseo-argenteo-, leviter sub-aurato-sericeo-squamulatus, postice et
utrinque summo margine obscure cervino-squamatus, antice pilis destitutus videtur
sed postice sat longe denseque fusco-pilosus. Scutellum obscure cervinum fusco-
pilosum. Pleurae anticae piceae, mediae et postice piceae at griseo sericante sub-
argenteo micantes. Alae hyalinae sat dense fusco-squamatae. Halteres pallidi,
capitulo leviter testacei. Pedes pallide flavicantes, tarsi antici leviter infuscati;
geniculis mediis posticisque tibiarum apice tarsisque dilute fuscis. Abdomen supra
nigro-fuscum, secundum lucem ad violaceum vergens, transversim albo-sericeo-
fasciatum, subtus griseo-sericeo tectum.

Hab. observ. : Prov. Buenos Ayres in Navarro prope ripas Saladensis fluvius (F.
Lynch); Chaco in Formosa (E. L. Holmbehg).
Dos hembras, cazadas por mi, en Mayo de 1887 en la Provincia de Buenos Ayres,
cerca del Rio Salado, y otras cinco recogidas por el Dr. Eduardo L. Holmberg en
Formosa (Chaco), en las margenes del Rio Paraguay, son los tinicos ejemplares que
he visto. Los ejamplares chaquefios son un poco mayores que los bonaerenses.
Tambien se asemeja al C. vittatus Phix., pero carece de raya dorsal en el abdomen.

AEDES HCAPULARIS

785

Original Description of Aedes hemisurus:

This is the species figured by Dr. Grabham from Jamaica (Can. ent, xxxvii, 405,
1905) as " Culex conflrmatus Arrib." We do not believe that the insular form can
be conspecific with the one described from the Argentine, especially as it is very
different from the one identified as confirmatvs from the United States. (See Aedes
inflrmatus above.) We therefore propose a new name.

The following is an abstract of the table :

1. Air tube with the tuft beyond the pecten 8

8. Pecten of the air tube with evenly spaced teeth 13

13. Comb scales more numerous to many in a patch 21

21. Anal segment ringed by the plate 22

22. Air tube twice as long as wide or less, pecten of 12-14 teeth 26

26. Scales of comb evenly spinulated without central thorn 27

27. Body pilose 28

28. Pecten to four-fifths of tube: tuft almost apical hemisurus

Original Description of Aedes indolescens:

Proboscis bronzy brown; head behind the eyes dull brown scaled, the margins of
the eyes and a median line silver scaled; thorax bronzy brown, a broad silver patch
on the disk, broadest at the middle and covering theanterior two-thirds of the thorax;
abdomen black above, a pale bronzy longitudinal median line; beneath white, with
triangular black spots at the angles of the segments. Legs dark, the hind femora
mostly white, with a black apical ring; hind tibiae with a pale longitudinal stripe
on the under side, stopping short of the apex. Wing veins brown scaled. Claws of
the female toothed.

30 specimens, Cayamas, Cuba (E. A. Schwarz); Havana, Cuba (J. W. Taylor);
Santo Domingo, West Indies (A. Busck).
Type— Cat. no. 10249, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes scapularis:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, subcylindrical, uniform; labella? conically
tapered; vestiture black; setae curved, minute, black, those on labellae more
prominently outstanding. Palpi short, one-fifth as long as the proboscis;
vestiture black, with sparse bristly seta?. Antenna? filiform, the joints subequal,
the distal ones slightly longer, rugose, blackish, pilose; second joint swollen
before middle, pale nasally; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical exca-
vation, yellow, brownish-black on inner side ; hairs of whorls sparse, moderate,
black. Clypeus rounded in front, convex, depressed on disc, black, nude. Eyes
black. Occiput dark brown ; vestiture of narrow, curved scales on the center
of vertex, broad ones on the sides, silvery-white with a yellow tint in the middle
and along margins of eyes, a large blackish-brown lateral spot; a group of
golden-yellow, upright, forked scales on the nape ; seta? along margins of eyes
black, those projecting between eyes pale.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally. dark brown, similarly colored
to sides of mesonotum, with minute silvery scales and dark setae. Mesonotum
dark brown, clothed with narrow, curved scales, a large roundedly hexagonal
silvery-white patch medianly on anterior two-thirds, dark brown on the sides of
disk and behind, yellowish-silvery around antescutellar space. Scutellum trilo-
bate, clothed with yellowish-silvery scales, each lobe with a group of brownish
bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, brown, nude. Pleura? blackish, coxa?
brown, clothed with patches of elliptical flat white scales and rows of pale seta?.

Abdomen subcylindrical, depressed, tapering posteriorly; dorsal vestiture of
brownish-black scales with a slight blue reflection, with large lateral, basal, seg-
mental, triangular white patches, each segment with a median basal patch
of sordid-white scales, the patches becoming more elongate on the posterior
segments and forming a median stripe on the seventh one ; first segment with
brownish-black scales and many fine pale hairs ; venter wholly yellowish-white
scaled. Cerci black.

Wings rather broad, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell about half as
long as its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell ; basal cross-

786

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

vein distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales wholly brown-
ish-black, the outstanding ones narrowly ligulate, those on forks of second vein
denser and slightly broader. Halteres whitish, with dark knobs.

Legs slender, moderately long ; vestiture dull bronzy-brown with a bluish re-
flection ; femora white beneath except at extreme tips ; fore and mid tibiae
yellowish-white beneath in their entire length, hind tibiae yellowish-white
mesially beneath, the bases and apices broadly black ; tarsi unicolorous, those of
hind legs brassy yellowish beneath nearly to tip. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body 4 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, moderately long and slender, black scaled. Palpi
exceeding the proboscis by half the length of the last joint ; last two joints and
apex of long joint slightly swollen and with abundant long blackish hairs;
vestiture brownish-black with blue luster. Antennae plumose, the last two joints
long and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others short, narrowly black ringed
at insertions of hair- whorls, pale beyond; hairs long, dense, dark brown with
yellow luster. Coloration similar to the female, the silvery area on the mesono-
tum more extensive. Abdomen elongate, depressed, the lateral spots enlarged,
tending to form basal segmental bands dorsally, the last segment white scaled,
with a narrow black apical margin ; medio-dorsal spots absent; venter pure white
with large latero-apical black spots; lateral ciliation long, fine, regular, pale
yellowish. Wings somewhat narrower than in the female, the stems of the
fork-cells longer, the vestiture sparse. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 29, fig. 199, and plate 30, fig. 202) : Side-pieces over twice
as long as wide, rounded at tip; apical lobe broad, not prominent; basal lobe
small, rounded, densely setose, with a long stout spine within. Clasp-filament
slender, slightly swollen in middle, with a long articulated terminal spine.
Harpes narrowly elliptical, concave, inner margin thickened and revolute, tip
pointed. Harpagones with a slender columnar base bearing a short seta on
inner side at base and a long articulated terminal filament, widened in the
middle and bearing a short retrose spine. Unci approximate, revolute, forming
a short basal cylinder. Basal appendages small, approximate, bearing three
stout spines at tip.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 120, fig. 414). — Head rounded, widest through eyes,
narrowed anteriorly, rounded in front. Antennae moderate, slender, uniform,
spinulose, the tuft small, situated before the middle. Both pairs of dorsal head-
hairs single, ante-antennal tuft multiple. Body with the skin coarsely pilose.
Lateral comb of eighth abdominal segment of many scales in a narrow patch,
each scale evenly spinulated, without central thorn. Air-tube about two and a
half times as long as wide, slightly tapered beyond middle ; pecten of fourteen
long, evenly spaced teeth reaching beyond middle of tube, followed by a single
tuft of about eight hairs. Anal segment about as long as wide, ringed by the
plate ; dorsal tuft a long hair and a tuft on each side ; ventral brush well devel-
oped, confined to the barred area ; anal gills long, about twice as long as the seg-
ment, tapering gradually towards the tips.

The larvae live in temporary ground-pools or marshes. Mr. Knab found the
larvae in temporary pools of muddy water in stream-beds, where they were
associated with other species occurring under these conditions. The eggs pass
the dry season, and there are several hatchings in the year. The Kev. Mr. Aiken
says that the occurrence of this mosquito is conditioned only by the opportuni-
ties for breeding and that the adults frequent the breeding-places. He says :

" At a small pool to the north of All Saints' manse we invariably found these
mosquitoes active so long as water remained ; and on one or two occasions when
we found the pool dry, on turning over decaying leaves lying in the bottom, we

AEDES EUPLOCAMUS

787

disturbed numbers of these flies, when not one was to be seen ranging in the
surrounding bush."

Dr. Grabham found the larva? in stagnant, algse-containing pools of perma-
nent water. The larval stages lasted about eight days, the pupal stage 36 to 48
hours. The insects generally emerged between 5 and 7 p. m. The adults appear
to be especially active during the afternoon and early evening. Dr. Goeldi also
found this to be a day-flying mosquito. He has observed and figured the eggs.
They are fusiform, more flattened on one side, black, granular, with an annular
colorless cushion at the micropyle. Dr. Goeldi says that the adults were noticed
in Para mostly in the dry season, and that they frequent dry fields and gardens
where water is present in ditches or natural depressions. It loves the light,
and is most troublesome during the hottest hours with burning sun.

Tropical America, including the Antilles.

Vera Cruz, Mexico (D. L. Crawford) ; Frontera, State of Tabasco, Mexico,
February 19 (C. H. T. Townsend) ; Cordoba, Mexico, June 30, 1905 (F.
Knab) ; Santa Lucrecia, Mexico, June 23, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Georgetown,
British Guiana, June 1, 1906 (E. D. Rowland) ; Berbice, British Guiana (J.
Aiken) ; Guayaquil, Ecuador (F. Campos) ; Trinidad, June, 1905 (A. Busck) ;
San Antonio de los Bahos, Cuba (J. H. Pazos) ; Cayamas, Cuba, May (E. A.
Schwarz) ; Santo Domingo, August, 1905 (A. Busck) ; Kingston, Jamaica
(M. Grabham) ; Sao Paulo, Brazil (A. Lutz). Eeported also from Province of
Buenos Aires and Formosa, Chaco Territory, Argentine Republic (Lynch
Arribalzaga) ; Chile (Blanchard) ; Rio de Janeiro, State of Amazonas, State of
Para, Bahia, State of Minas Geraes, State of Matto Grosso, Brazil (Peryassii).

This species has been referred to mostly under Arribalzaga's name, but that of
Rondani is earlier, and clearly refers to this species. Dr. Grabham figured the
larvae from Jamaica, but so erroneously as to cause Dyar & Knab to propose
the name hemisurus, under the impression that the larva? were not those of
scapularis. The name hemisurus must be cited as a synomym, while the char-
acters on which it was founded are fictitious. The name Aedes indolescens was
founded upon specimens from Cuba, under the supposition that they had no
lateral abdominal spots. This proves to have been an error of observation, and
the characters upon which this name was founded are likewise fictitious. Aedes
euplocamus is a closely allied species, differing in having the hind tibiae entirely
black, but which has been confused with scapularis. Dr. Goeldi figures as the
larva and pupa of Aedes scapularis those of Culex imitator Theobald (Os
mosquitos no Para, 1905, plate C, figs. 32, 33).

AEDES EUPLOCAMUS Dyar & Knab.
Aedes euplocamus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 190, 199, 1906.
Aedes euplocamus Dyar & Knab (in part), Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 162, 1906.

Original Description of Aedes euplocamus :

Antennal tuft small, at the middle; head hairs single. Air tube a little over
2X1 with even pecten of 12 teeth to the middle. Anal segment ringed; gills long,
pointed, spotted.

Collected "by the junior author at Zent, near Port Limon, Costa Rica, in a ditch.
It was named " Culex trivittatus Coq." by Mr. Coquillett, but the larva disagrees.

The following is an abstract of the table:

1. Air tube with the tuft beyond the pecten 8

8. Pecten of the air tube with evenly spaced teeth 13

13. Comb scales more numerous to many in a patch 21

21. Anal segment ringed by the plate 22

22. Air tube twice as long as wide or less, pecten of 12-14 teeth 26

26. Scales of comb evenly spinulated without central thorn 27

27. Body pilose 28

28. Pecten scarcely over half of tube; tuft normal 29

29. Lateral hairs single on third to fifth abdominal segments. . euplocamus

788

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Description of Female, Male, and Lakva of Aedes euplocamus :

Female. — Proboscis moderate, subcylindrical, uniform; labellae conically
tapered; vestiture black; seta? curved, minute, black, those on labellae more
prominently outstanding. Palpi short, about one-fifth as long as proboscis,
black, with sparse bristly setae. Antennas filiform, the joints subequal, distal
ones slightly longer, rugose, blackish, pilose ; second joint somewhat thickened,
pale at base; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, yellow,
brownish black on inner side ; hairs of whorls sparse, moderate, black. Clypeus
short, rounded triangular, convex, black, nude. Eyes black. Occiput dark
brown; vestiture of narrow scales on the center of vertex, broad appressed ones
on the sides, silvery-white in middle and along margins of eyes, blackish-brown
laterally ; yellowish silvery erect forked scales on the nape ; setae along margins
of eyes black, those projecting between the eyes pale.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, dark brown, similarly colored
to sides of mesonotum, with some dark elliptical scales and dark setas. Meso-
notum dark brown, clothed with narrow curved scales, a large elongate silvery-
white patch medianly on anterior two-thirds, broadened posteriorly, tridentate
behind; golden brown on sides of disk and behind, pale around antescutellar
space, the brown scales smaller than the silvery ones. Scutellum trilobate,
clothed with dark brown scales and silvery ones medianly, each lobe with a group
of brownish-black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, brown, nude.
Pleurae brown, coxae luteous, clothed with patches of elliptical, flat white scales
and rows of pale setae.

Abdomen subcylindrical, depressed, tapering posteriorly; dorsal vestiture of
black scales, with lateral, basal, segmental, triangular white patches, a row of
inconspicuous, median, basal, segmentary small spots of dirty whitish scales,
obsolete on last two segments ; first segment with black scales and many fine pale
hairs; venter wholly yellowish-white scaled. Cerci black.

Wings rather broad, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell about half as
long as its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell; basal cross-
vein about its own length distant from anterior cross-vein ; scales wholly black-
ish brown, the outstanding ones narrowly ligulate, dense and slightly broader
on forks of second vein. Halteres whitish, with dark knobs.

Legs slender, moderately long; vestiture black with a bronzy and bluish re-
flection; femora pale whitish beneath except at tip; knees pale scaled; tibiae
and tarsi without distinct pale markings beneath. Claw formula, 1.1—1.1—1.1.

Length: Body about 4 mm.; wing 3.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, moderately long, black scaled. Palpi exceeding
the proboscis by the length of the last joint ; end of long joint and last two joints
slightly swollen and with abundant long black hairs ; vestiture entirely brown-
ish-black. Antennae plumose, the last two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose,
black, the others short, narrowly black ringed at insertion of hair-whorls, pale
beyond; hairs long, dense, black shading to brown. Coloration similar to the
female, the median silvery patch of the mesonotum larger than in the female and
fused behind with the silver-scaled antescutellar area ; scutellum largely silver
scaled. Abdomen elongate, depressed, dorsally with narrow, yellowish-white,
basal segmental bands, dilated laterally only on the seventh segment; lateral
ciliation of abundant, long, fine pale hairs. Wings narrower than in the female,
the stems of the fork-cells much longer, the vestiture sparse. Claw formula,
2.1-2.1-1.1.

Length: Body about 4 mm.; wing 3 mm.

Genitalia: Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, rounded at tip; apical
lobe narrowly continued to base ; basal lobe small, rounded prominent, densely
setose, with a long stout spine within. Clasp-filament slender, slightly swollen

AEDES CONDOLESCENS

789

in middle, with a long articulated terminal spine. Harpes elliptical, concave,
inner margin thickened and revolute, tip pointed and recurved. Harpagones
with a columnar base bearing a short seta on inner side at base and an articu-
lated terminal filament, slightly widened mesially and bearing a retrose spine.
Unci approximate, revolute, forming a large basal cone. Basal appendages
small, approximate, bearing three stout spines at the tip.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 122, fig. 421). — Head rounded, widest through eyes,
narrowed anteriorly, a notch at insertion of antennas, front margin broadly
arcuate. Antennae moderate, slender, sparsely spined, a slight tuft a little be-
fore middle ; four irregular spines at tip and a digit on a pedicel. Both pairs
of dorsal head-hairs single, ante-antennal tuft multiple. Mental plate tri-
angular, with a small central tooth and fourteen on each side, basal ones irregu-
larly placed and broader. Mandible quadrangular, with a patch of short spines
outwardly at base ; two long filaments from a notch before tip ; an outer row of
cilia from a collar ; a row of densely placed filaments on the outer margin :
dentition of four teeth on a process, the first the longest; two spines before, a
broad serrate filament and row of wide feathered hairs within ; process below
deeply furcate, with an irregular row of hairs at base, a tuft on outer margin
and on tip of each limb ; basal angle moderate, with four stout hairs within and
a row at base. Maxilla subspherical, divided by a suture ; outer half with a row
of short filaments with divided tips on margin, and two complete rows of cilia
within, a tuft of long coarse hairs at tip; outer half with two articulated fila-
ments at outer sixth, a small spine on margin and fine hairs over the surface;
palpus short and stout, with four rudimentary digits. Thorax rounded, wider
than long. Abdomen moderate, anterior segments shorter; lateral hairs in
threes on first segment, in twos on second, single on third to sixth ; skin spinu-
lose; tracheae broad, inflated in the thorax. Air-tube stout, tapered on outer
half, about two and a half times as long as wide ; pecten running to beyond
middle, followed by a single tuft of about six hairs ; single pecten-tooth a long
spine with four or five irregular basal branches. Lateral comb of eighth seg-
ment of many scales in a rather small triangular patch ; single scales short and
rounded, evenly fringed with spinules. Anal segment nearly as long as broad,
ringed by the plate ; dorsal tuft a long hair and brush on each side ; a single
lateral hair; ventral brush well developed, confined to the barred area; anal gills
long, about twice as long as segment, tapered to a rounded point.

The larvae live in temporary ground-puddles. Mr. Knab got them in a large
muddy puddle in a stream-bed and in water in a hole in the root of a large tree
beside a stream. They were associated in the first case with Psorophora posti-
catus, Aides cuneatus, Psorophora ciliata, and Psorophora virescens.

Mexico to Panama.

Almoloya, State of Oaxaca, Mexico, July 19, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Sonsonate,
Salvador, August 18, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Ancon, Canal Zone, Panama, July 18,
1908 (A. H. Jennings).

Aides euplocamus is closely allied to Aides scapularis, but as it differs in the
coloration of the hind legs we can not do otherwise than consider it distinct.
It will probably prove that this species has been confused with Aides scapularis
and that its distribution is much more extensive than here indicated.

AEDES CONDOLESCENS Dyar & Knab.

Culex confirmatus Coffin (not Arribalzaga), in Shattuck, Bahama Ids., 282, 1905.
Ochlerotatus confirmatus Coquillett (in part, not Arribalzaga), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur.

Ent., Tech. Ser. no. 11, 19, 1906.
Aedes condolescens Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 11, 1907.
Aedes condolescens Pazos, Anal. Acad. Cien. med., fis. y nat. Habana, xlv, 422, 1908.
Aedes condolescens Pazos, Sanidad y Ben., ii, 47, 321, 1909.
Aedes condolescens Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 485, 1910.

790

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Original Description of Aedes condolescens:

Proboscis black; head behind the eyes covered with silvery scales; thorax brown,
a large silver patch on the disk anteriorly, reaching about three-fourths the length
of the thorax, with a broad margin on each side of the brown scales; scutellum
brown scaled; abdomen black above with basal white bands on the segments; be-
neath white with black spots at the hind angles; legs dark, the femora white basally,
the white extending nearly to the apex on the under side. Wings dark brown scaled.
Claws of the female toothed.

24 specimens, Nassau, Bahamas, June 24, 1903 (T. H. Coffin) ; Andros, San Salva-
dor, Powell Point, and Long Island, Bahamas (T. H. Coffin).

Type.— Cat. no. 10248, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Description of Female of Aedes condolescens (Male and Larva Unknown):

Female. — Proboscis moderate, subeylindrical, uniform; labella? conically
tapered ; vestiture brownish-black ; setae minute, curved, black, those on labellae
more prominently outstanding. Palpi short, about one-fifth as long as pro-
boscis; vestiture brownish-black; setas moderate, black. Antennae filiform, the
joints subequal, black, rugose, pilose; second joint slightly thickened, paler
towards base ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, yellowish-
ocherous shading to black on inner side ; hairs of whorls moderate, sparse, black.
Clypeus short, rounded triangular, convex, with a slight median impression,
black, nude. Eyes bronzy-black. Occiput black, densely clothed with narrow
curved scales in the middle, broad flat ones at the sides, broadly sordid silvery-
white medianly and along eyes, a large blackish patch on sides, many pale, erect
forked scales on nape ; bristles black, those projecting forward between eyes pale.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, dark brown, concolorous with
side of mesonotum, with some elliptical sordid scales and many black setas.
Mesonotum blackish, densely clothed with narrow curved scales, a broad median
silvery-white area on anterior two-thirds, widened on its posterior third, cut off
squarely a short distance before the antescutellar space; sides dark bronzy-
browu, a large lateral area over roots of wings brighter golden-brown, a small
area of silvery scales on either side of antescutellar space; bristles moderate,
black. Scutellum trilobate, blackish, clothed with narrow, curved, pale golden-
brown scales, each lobe with about eight brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical,
convex, blackish-brown, nude. Pleura blackish, coxas brownish -luteous, clothed
with patches of elliptical, flat white scales and rows of pale bristles.

Abdomen subeylindrical, depressed, tapering posteriorly; dorsal vestiture of
black scales with a slight greenish reflection, a narrow white band at base of
each segment, widest in the middle, narrowly joined at the sides to a row of
triangular white spots ; first segment with blackish scales intermixed with pale
ones at the sides and with many long, fine pale hairs ; venter yellowish-white
scaled, a few black scales at sides of seventh segment. Cerci black.

Wings rather broad, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell shorter than its
cell, that of the second posterior cell about the same length as its cell; basal
cross- vein distant rather more than its own length from anterior cross- vein;
scales of veins blackish brown, the outstanding ones broadly linear, dense and
slightly broader on forks of second vein. Halteres whitish, with blackish knobs.

Legs slender, moderately long ; clothed with black scales with bronzy and blue
reflections ; femora beneath whitish except at tips, some of the scales on under-
side of tibiae also whitish. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

life history and habits unknown.

Bahamas and Cuba.

Nassau, New Providence, Bahamas, June 24, 1903 (T. H. Coffin) ; Andros,
Bahamas, June 26, 1903 (T. H. Coffin) ; San Salvador, Bahamas, 1903 (T. H.

AEDES PERTINAX

79]

Coffin) ; Tarpum Bav, Eleuthera, Bahamas (T. H. Coffin) ; Powell's Point,
Eleuthera, Bahamas (T. H. Coffin); Long Island, Bahamas, 1903 (T. H.
Coffin) ; San Antonio de los Banos, Cuba (J. H. Pazos).

This species is allied to Aides euplocamus, having similarly colored legs, but
the abdomen is dorsally banded with white.

AEDES PERTINAX Grabham.

Culex serratus Coffin (not Theobald), in Shattuck, Bahama Ids., 286, 1905.

Aedes pertinax Grabham, Can. Ent., xxxviii, 316, 1906.

Aedes pertinax Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 163, 1906.

Protoculex quasiserratus Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 463, 465, 1907.

Aedes pertinax Pazos, Anal. Acad. Cien. m6d., fis. y nat. de la Habana, xlv, 424, 1908.

Aedes pertinax Pazos, San. y Ben., ii, 47, 318, 1909.

Protoculex quasiserratus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 401, 1910.

Aedes pertinax Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 597, 1910.

Original Description of Aedes pertinax:

5. Head with a triangular yellow area in the centre, made up of yellow hairs and
narrow curved scales, some rather broad, flattened ones at the sides, sides and back
of the head black, with many upright forked scales and hairs; antennae dark brown,
with silvery hairs on the joints; palpi and proboscis black, speckled with silvery
hairs. Clypeus dark brown. Prothoracic lobes black, with many long black hairs.
Mesothorax black, sparingly covered with very small narrow curved dark brown
scales, a narrow line of brilliant golden scales in the middle line extending to the
posterior quarter (in some specimens this line is ill-defined, in others broad and
conspicuous), a few long hairs near the posterior border and in front of the wing
insertions. Scutellum dark brown, with many long black hairs. Pleura grayish,
with patches of silvery scales and hairs. Abdomen, upper surface black, with mod-
erate basal bands of yellow scales, and with large lateral areas of silvery ones, two
small circular areas of golden scales in the centre of each segment. A few long
white hairs along the apical border of each segment. Venter almost entirely white,
with creamy scales, a few black scales near the apical borders of the segments.
Wings, extremities of the long veins with long narrow scales and short broad ones,
upper forked cell longer, but about as broad as the lower, its stem half its length;
the stem of the lower forked cell nearly as long as the cell. The posterior cross
vein half its own length behind the mid cross vein. Halteres with pale stems and
knobs. Legs black, unhanded, femora and tibiae with many yellow scales beneath,
fewer in the metatarsi and tarsi; knee spot small. Ungues all equal and uniserrate,
the tooth large. Length, 4 mm.

rf. — Head, yellow area in the centre more extensive, broad, flat, yellow scales
abundant; palpi black, terminal joints slightly inflated, a little longer than the
proboscis; both terminal joints and apex of the antepenultimate densely covered with
long hairs, some very stout ones at the apices of the joints. Mesothorax with the
band of golden scales conspicuous. Terminal clasp segment slender, curved, slightly
swollen in the middle, apical spine blunt, about one-fifth length of limb. Basal clasp
segment with a large apical lobe; claspette a well-developed lobe near the base,
covered with short spines (no long ones present). Harpes, bases villous with fine
hairs, at the apex of each a recurved sickle-like portion. Harpagones deeply in-
fuscated, with a strong recurved spine on each. Unci membranous, separated, each
terminating in a point. Setaceous lobes pyramidal, with about ten strong carved
spines along the internal borders only. Ungues of the fore and mid legs unequal,
the larger claw with two teeth, the smaller with one. Ungues of the hind legs equal
and uniserrate. Length 4 mm.

Notes on the adult Larva. — Head broadly elliptical, long diameter transverse,
deeply infuscated. Antenna subcylindrical, with a slight curve inwards, infuscated
uniformly. 'Apex with four short spines, one much longer than the others. Surface
with scattered large chitinous spines; the upper surface has in addition several
longitudinal rows of minute spines running the whole length of the shaft, the points
of these spines directed inwards. Tuft below the middle of about eight short hairs
not reaching to the apex of the shaft. Upper and lower epistomal hairs single, a
small compound hair on the inner side of these, anteantennal hair tuft of 7-8
divisions. Mentum triangular, with about 30 small teeth. Thorax and abdomen
sparingly covered with fine setae. Two large hairs on each side of the first abdominal
segment, a single large one on all the others. Comb of about ten scales in a single
curved row, each scale with a strong apical spine and a number of fine setae on each

792

MOSQUITOES OF XORTH AMERICA

side, spine as long as the body of the scale. Air tube 2X1, deeply chitinized except
just below the apex, subconical, slightly swollen above the base. Rows of pecten
teeth insertions reaching up half the tube. Teeth evenly spaced, about twelve in
number, each with several small denticles on the inner side; these are progressively
smaller from above downwards. A pair of large compound hairs at the level of the
upper pair of teeth. Band ringing anal segment about two-thirds as long as broad;
ventral group of hair tufts (about ten pairs) from a separate barred area; dorsal
group composed of a pair compound and simple hairs. Anal gills unequal, tapering;
ventral pair a little longer than the longest ventral hairs, dorsal pair one-third as
long again as the ventral pair.

Observations. — The larva of this species superficially closely resembles the fore-
going [Aedes auratus Grabham], and still more those of A. hemisurus, Dyar and
Knab. The last named has no rows of spines on the antenna, the comb scales are
without spines, having only setae, and the compound hairs in the tube are above
the pecten rows. According to Dyar and Knab's table and figure ( from N. Y. Ent.
Soc, Vol. xiv), it would seem to be near A. tormentor, D. & K., a mainland species.

Original Description of Protoculex qitasiserratus:

Head silvery-grey in the middle, dark brown at the sides; palpi and proboscis
deep brown. Thorax deep brown with a narrow median pale creamy narrow line,
slightly broader posteriorly than in front. Abdomen deep brown with basal creamy-
white lateral spots. Legs unhanded; ungues all uniserrate.

2- Head deep brown with median creamy-grey narrow-curved scales, followed by a
large patch of small flat black scales, then creamy ones, with dark upright forked
scales behind, deep ochreous ones in front and with the bright pale bristles pro-
jecting forwards between the eyes; palpi and proboscis black; antennae deep brown.

Thorax black, clothed with narrow-curved bronzy-brown scales and a median line
of pale creamy narrow-curved scales slightly widening posteriorly; chaetae deep
brown, especially dense over the roots of the wings; scutellum brown with narrow-
curved pale scales in the middle, some darker ones at the sides of the pale ones and
narrow-curved dark ones on the lateral lobes; posterior border-bristles brown, six
to the mid lobe; metanotum brown, pleurae pale brown with silvery-grey sheen and
rather indistinct white puncta of flat white scales.

Abdomen deep brown, with large basal lateral white spots, extending nearly along
the whole side of the segments, venter mostly white scaled.

Legs deep brown, unhanded, the ungues of all the legs uniserrate.

Wings with the first sub-marginal cell longer and slightly narrower than the
second posterior cell, its base slightly nearer the base of the wing, its stem half the
length of the cell, stem of the second posterior as long as the cell; posterior cross-
vein a little longer than the mid, about its own length distant from it. Wing scales
rather dense and the linear ones rather broad.

Length. — 5 mm.

Habitat. — Red Hills, Jamaica (Lord Walsingham and Dr. Grabham), Brazil (Dr.
Lutz).

Time of capture. — June and July (Jamaica), November (Brazil).

Observations. — Described from a series of five $'s. This species comes very close
to C. serratus, Theobald, on the one side to C. dupreei, Coquillett, on the other. From
serratus it may be known by the much smaller median pale thoracic line and from
dupreei by its larger size and narrower median thoracic line, which although it is
wider behind than in front is not nearly so much so as in that species, and the
median stripe is creamy-yellow not silvery-white.

This species is very variable, some show only a trace of the median pale line, in
others it is practically absent.

Dr. Grabham writes me the ova are laid separately and are whetstone-shaped.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes pertinax :

Female. — Proboscis rather short, subcylindrical, uniform; labellse conically
tapered; vestiture bluish-black; setae minute, curved, black, those on labellae
more outstanding. Palpi short, less than one-fourth as long as the proboscis ;
vestiture black, seta? moderate. Antennae filiform, the joints subequal, rugose,
pilose, black ; second joint slightly thickened, fusiform, paler at base ; tori sub-
spherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, yellowish, shading to brown and
with a patch of fine setae on inner side. Clypeus prominent, rounded triangular,
depressed, dark brown, nude. Eyes purplish-black. Occiput dark brown, clothed
very broadly with narrow curved scales on the vertex, broad flat ones on the

AEDES PERTINAX

793

sides, pale yellow in a broad median stripe, and along eye-margins, a large brown-
ish-black patch on the sides, many erect forked black scales on the nape ; bristles
along the margins of eyes dark brown, those projecting between eyes whitish.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, dark brown, concolorous with
sides of mesonotum, with some dark scales and dark setae. Mesonotum dark
brown, covered with narrow curved scales, a narrow, straight, pale yellowish
silvery median line from anterior edge of mesonotum to antescutellar space and
widening slightly posteriorly, the rest of the vestiture dark brown, slightly
lighter colored on posterior half, a few whitish scales and hairs about ante-
scutellar space ; bristles dark. Scutellum trilobate, with narrow, curved brown
scales, a few pale yellow scales on mid lobe, each lobe with a group of dark brown
bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, brownish luteous, nude. Pleura1
brown, coxa? yellowish, clothed with patches of elliptical, flat white scales and
pale bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, posterior segments tapering; dorsal vesti-
ture of dull blue-black scales, bristles on posterior borders of segments yellowish,
a row of segmental, lateral, basal, triangular, white spots ; first segment with
black scales and many fine pale hairs ; venter yellowish-white scaled, with black
scales tending to form apical black bands on the segments. Cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell about half as long as
its cell ; that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell ; basal cross-vein about
its own length distant from anterior cross-vein; scales blackish brown, with a
blue reflection along costa, the outstanding ones narrowly ligulate, denser on
forks of second vein. Halteres pale, with blackish knobs.

Legs slender, moderately long ; vestiture dark bronzy-brown and bluish-black,
under side of femora yellowish-white except at tip ; mid and hind tibiae and hind
first tarsal joint with a fine line of yellowish-white scales on under side. Claw-
formula, 1.1—1.1—1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Male. — Proboscis longer and more slender than in the female, straight, bronzy-
black scaled. Palpi exceeding the proboscis by the length of the last joint ;
apical part of long joint and last two joints considerably swollen and with dense,
long black hairs ; vestiture deep bronzy-brown throughout. Antennae plumose,
the last two joints slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others short, pale, nar-
rowly black ringed at insertions of hair-whorls ; hairs long, dense, black ; tori
entirely blackish. Coloration similar to the female. Abdomen elongate, de-
pressed, the lateral spots tending to form white basal segmental bands; lateral
ciliation abundant, long, coarse and pale. Wings narrower than in the female,
the stalks of the fork-cells lon°er, the vestiture less abundant. Claw formula.
2.1-2.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. : wing 3.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 24, fig. 169) : Side-pieces three times as long as wide; apical
lobe slender, prominent, conical ; basal lobe rounded conical, setose, with a stout-
spine within. Clasp-filament slender, slightly expanded in middle, with a long
terminal articulated spine. Harpes narrowly elliptical, concave, inner margin
thickened,, revolute, tip pointed, outcurved. Harpagones with a slender,
columnar stem and a terminal filament, which is roundedly expanded at base,
tip tapered and shortly bent over. Unci approximate, revolute, forming a small
basal cylinder. Basal appendages approximate, short, bearing five short spines.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 124, fig. 429). — Head rounded, widest through eyes.
Antenna1 moderate, slender, uniform, with a small hair-tuft near the middle.
Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single, ante-antennal tuft multiple. Body
glabrous. Lateral comb of eighth abdominal segment of about ten to twelve
scales in a single irregular row, each scale with a long central spine, the sides
51

794

MOSQUITOES OF XORTH AMERICA

finely fringed. Air-tube about two and a half times as long as wide, tapering
outwardly ; pecten of about ten evenly spaced teeth, reaching beyond middle of
tube; hair-tuft rather large, situated before the outer tooth. Anal segment
longer than wide, ringed by the plate ; dorsal tuft a long hair and tuft on each
side; lateral hair single; ventral brush well developed, confined to the barred
area ; anal gills long, tapering, equal.

The larvae live in temporary ground-pools.

Greater Antilles and Bahamas.

Kingston, Jamaica, July 10, 1906 (M. Grabham) ; Santo Domingo, August.
1905 (A. Busck) ; San Antonio de los Banos, Cuba (J. H. Pazos) ; Nassau,
Bahamas, June 24, 1903 (T. H. Coffin) ; Lake Cunningham, New Providence
Island, Bahamas, February 15, 1915 (H. G. Dyar).

The thoracic median line of the adult is variable in width and in one female
of Dr. Grabham's original series is nearly obsolete; it is broader in the male.
The abdominal markings are also subject to variation, as already pointed out
by Theobald. We believe that the specimen from Brazil, included by Theobald
in his original description of Protoculex quasiserratus, was wrongly associated
and is not conspecific.

AEDES SERRATUS (Theobald) Dyar & Knab.

Culex serratus Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 45, 1901.

Culex serratus Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 457, 1902.

Culex nigripes Parker, Beyer & Pothier (not Zetterstedt), Bull. 13, Yell. Fever Inst.,

U. S. Publ. Health and Mar.-Hosp. Serv., 37, 1903.
Culex serratus Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 44, 72, 1904.
Culex serratus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 360, 1905.
Culex serratus Goeldi, Os Mosq. no Para, 95, 1905.

Aedes meridionalis Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 189, 195, 1906.
Ochlerotatus serratus Coquillett (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11,
19, 1906.

Aedes serratus Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 162, 1906.
Protoculex serratus Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, iv, 463, 464, 1907.
Culex serratus Aiken, Brit. Guiana Med. Annual, 1906, 68, 1907.
Aedes serratus Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls, (quart, iss.), Hi, 64, 1908.
Protoculex serratus Peryassu, Os Culicid. do Brazil, 48, 215, 1908.
Protoculex serratus Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, v, 401, 1910.

Original Description of Culex serratus:

Thorax dark brown, with a broad stripe of creamy-grey in the middle. Abdomen
brownish-black, with basal white lateral spots, especially noticeable on the apical
segments. Ungues of $ equal, uniserrated ; of £ unequal in fore and mid legs, the
larger one with two teeth, the smaller with one tooth.

$. Head brown, clothed with white scales in front and in the middle, brown above
and white at the sides, with a few upright yellow forked-scales; eyes purple,
bordered with a narrow edge of white; antennae brown, first joint and base of the
second testaceous, with a few fuscous scales, the remaining joints clothed with a
pale pubescence and with black verticillate hairs; palpi black, with a few grey scales;
proboscis black.

Thorax dark brown, with a broad stripe of creamy-grey scales in the middle, ex-
tending from and continuous with the white in the middle of the head and passing
back to the scutellum; sides of the mesonotum clothed with dark curved scales, and
with golden hairs at the sides and back; scutellum brown, with white scales in the
middle and black laterally; metanotum chestnut-brown; pleurae testaceous, with
patches of white scales.

Abdomen covered with dark brownish-black scales, with purplish reflections, the
deep yellow ground colour showing through at the base in some specimens, giving
an almost basally-banded appearance, which in other specimens is absent; laterally
there is a basal silvery-white spot, which partly shows on the dorsum, in some speci-
mens most clearly on the last few apical segments; first segment ochraceous, with a
patch of purple scales in the middle, and very pilose; posterior borders of the seg-
ments edged with long pale hairs; venter almost entirely clothed with white scales.

Legs dark brown; coxae, under surfaces of the femora and the tibiae white; in
some lights the legs show metallic blue and deep purple reflections; ungues equal
and uniserrated.

AEDES SERRATTJS

795

Wings with a dusky-yellowish tinge, testaceous at the base; veins clothed with
dark brown scales, and edged with long scales towards the apex of the wing, without
long scales towards the base; costal and first longitudinal veins covered with deep
purplish-black scales; posterior cross-vein scarcely its own length distant from the
mid cross-vein; fork-cells both rather short; the first sub-marginal cell very little
longer and narrower than the second posterior cell. Halteres pale ochraceous.

Length. — 5.5 to 6.5 mm.

Antennae pale ochraceous, with narrow brownish bands at the verticils; piume-
hairs brown; proboscis black; palpi covered with dark brown scales, the last joint
pale brown, hairs brown; a little longer than proboscis.

Thorax, &c, as in $. Abdomen narrow, covered with dark purplish-brown scales,
except at the base of the segments and laterally, where they are more or less nude
and testaceous in colour; there are also a few white scales on each side of the fifth,
sixth, and seventh segments, and several over the apical segments; posterior borders
with golden hairs, ventrally pale; claspers brown; fore and mid ungues unequal,
larger one with two, smaller with one tooth; hind ungues equal, each with a small
thick tooth and basal swelling.

Length. — 6.5 mm.

Habitat. — Rio de Janeiro (Senhor Carlos Moreira) (9. 12. 1899); Lower Amazon
(Austen) (25.11.96); New Amsterdam (Rowland) (61); Trinidad (Urich).

Time of capture. — November, in Brazil (November 5), February, in British
Guiana.

Observations. — A very distinct species, dull coloured in certain lights, with a
broad band of light scales in the middle of the thorax and clear silvery-white spots
at the sides, and similarly coloured beneath. Found at New Amsterdam on freshly-
drained land and in houses (Rowland).

One J from Rio de Janeiro differs from the rest in having the posterior cross-vein
distant about its own length from the mid cross-vein. What remained of the legs
also seemed paler, especially the femora, which had many white scales, except at the
apex. The thorax had whitish scales in front, the back part being denuded, and the
abdomen had a broad pale central mass of scales. It was taken by Senhor Moreira in
November with the rest, and is probably only a colour variety.

Original Description of Aedes meridionalis:

Antenna? with the tuft before the middle; head hairs single; lateral hairs single
after the second abdominal segment. Air tube 2X1, pecten short, reaching over
one-half, followed by a large hair tuft; comb of twelve scales in a straight row. Anal
segment broadly ringed.

Taken by the junior author in the forest beyond settlement, Las Loras, near
Puntarenas, Costa Rica, in a pond choked by vegetation which is dry in the dry
season. The specimen was named " Janthinosoma musica Say " by Mr. Coquillett.

The following- is an abstract of the table :

1. Air tube with the tuft beyond the pecten 8

8. Pecten of the air tube with evenly spaced teeth 13

13. Comb scales few, in a single or irregularly single row 14

14. Anal segment ringed by the plate 15

15. Anal processes moderate, normal 16

16. Comb of 12 scales; pecten reaching half of tube meridionalis

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes serratus:

Female. — Proboscis rather short, subcylindrieal, uniform; labellas conically
tapered ; vestiture dull bluish-black ; setae minute, curved, black, those on the
labellas more outstanding. Palpi short, about one-fourth as long as the pro-
boscis; vestiture black, setae moderate. Antennae filiform, the joints subequal,
rugose, pilose, brown ; second joint slightly thickened, fusiform, pale at base ;
tori subspherieal, with a eup-shaped apical excavation, yellowish shading to
brown within, with a patch of fine seta? ; hairs of whorls sparse, moderate, brown.
Clypeus rounded triangular, convex, with a median groove, dark brown, nude.
Eyes purplish black. Occiput blackish, clothed broadly with narrow, curved
scales on the vertex, broad flat ones on the sides, silvery yellowish-white in a
broad median stripe and along margins of eyes, black on each side, white below ;
many erect black forked scales on the nape ; bristles along margin of eyes dark
brown, those projecting between eyes yellowish-white.

796

MOSQUITOES OF XORTH AMERICA

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, dark brown, concolorous with
the sides of the mesonotum, with dark sete. Mesonotum dark brown, covered
with narrow curved scales, a rather broad, straight, medio-dorsal line silvery
yellowish-white from anterior edge of mesonotum to antescutellar space, similar
scales bordering that space, the rest of the vestiture dark brown ; bristles dark.
Scutellum trilobate, the mid lobe with pale yellow scales, each lobe with a group
of dark-brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, brownish luteous,
nude. Pleurae and coxas brownish, clothed with patches of elliptical, flat, dull
white scales and pale bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, tapering posteriorly ; dorsal vestiture of
dull blue-black scales, bristles on posterior borders of segments yellowish, a row
of lateral, basal triangular white spots ; first segment with black scales and many
fine pale hairs ; venter yellowish-white scaled, with purplish-black scales along
apical angles of segments, tending to form narrow bands. Cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell about half as long
as its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell; basal cross-vein
about its own length distant from anterior cross-vein ; scales browmish-black,
with a blue reflection along the costa, outstanding ones narrowly ligulate, denser
and slightly broader on forks of second vein. Halteres pale, with blackish
knobs.

Legs slender, moderately long; vestiture bronzy-black ; under side of femora
yellowish-white except at tips ; tibia? and first joint of hind tarsi with a narrow
line of yellowish-white scales on under side. Clawr formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Male. — Proboscis longer and more slender than in the female, straight, black
scaled. Palpi exceeding the proboscis by nearly the length of the last joint;
end of long joint and last two joints considerably swrollen and with dense, long
black hairs; vestiture bronzy-black throughout. Antennae plumose, the last
two joints slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others short, pale, narrowly black
ringed at insertions of hair-whorls; hairs long, dense, brownish-black; tori
entirely blackish. Coloration similar to the female. Abdomen elongate, de-
pressed ; lateral spots of segments larger than in the female, the eighth segment
with a basal white band ; lateral ciliation of abundant, long, fine brown hairs.
Wings narrower than in the female, the stalks of the fork-cells longer, the vesti-
ture less abundant. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 28, fig. 194) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide ; apical
lobe slender, prominent, conical ; basal lobe rounded conical, setose, with a stout
spine within. Clasp-filament slender, slightly expanded in middle, with a long
terminal articulated spine. Harpes narrowly elliptical, concave, inner margin
thickened, revolute, tip pointed, outcurved. Harpagones with a slender
columnar stem and a terminal filament, which is linear, pointed at tip, not as
long as stem. Unci approximate, revolute, forming a stout basal cylinder.
Basal appendages slender, bearing five, short spines.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 123, fig. 428). — Head rounded, narrowed before eyes,
a slight notch at insertion of antenna?, front margin arcuate, excavate between
the incurved clypeal spines. Antenna? moderate, slender, slightly tapered out-
wardly, sparsely spined, a small tuft before middle ; a long spine, three short
ones and a digit at tip. Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single ; ante-antennal
tuft large, multiple. Mental plate large, triangular, with a slender central
tooth and fifteen on each side, basal ones more remotely spaced, the last irregu-
lar. Mandible quadrangular, slightly spined toward base ; two filaments before
tip; an outer row of cilia from a collar; a row of long filaments on outer margin ;
dentition of four teeth on a process, the first the longest, a spine before, a broad

AEDES TORMENTOR

797

filament and row of serrate hairs within ; process below furcate, with a row of
hairs and a tuft at tip of each limb; basal angle moderate, with four stout
feathered hairs within ; a row of long hairs at base. Maxilla elongate hemi-
spherical, divided by a suture ; inner half indented at outer third, with a row
of long processes with plumose divided tips on the margin, two rows of cilia
within, the first one running the whole length, a tuft of hairs at tip; outer half
with two filaments articulated on a widely furcate base at outer third, outer part
hairy, a spine on other side ; palpus stout, over half as long as maxilla, with
four minute apical digits. Thorax rounded, wider than long. Abdomen moder-
ate, anterior segments shorter ; lateral hairs in threes on first segment, in twos on
second, single on third to sixth. Air-tube stout, tapered outwardly, over twice
as long as wide; pecten of coarse, evenly spaced teeth, occupying basal half; a
tuft of six or eight hairs just beyond pecten ; single pecten-tooth a long spine
with five short basal branches. Lateral comb of eighth segment of ten or eleven
scales in a straight row ; single scale ending in a long spine, some fine spinules at
its base. Anal segment longer than wide, ringed by the plate ; dorsal tuft a long-
hair and brush on each side; a small lateral hair; ventral brush well developed,
confined to the barred area; anal gills as long or longer than the segment,
tapered to a sharp point.

The larva? live in temporary ground-pools. Mr. Knab found them in the
rainy season in a pond choked by vegetation, which is dry in the dry season.

Tropical America, exclusive of the Antilles.

Nautla, State of Jalisco, Mexico (A. Duges) ; Santa Lucrecia, State of Vera
Cruz, Mexico, June 21, 1905 (P. Knab) ; Dona Maria, State of Chiapas, Mexico
(D. L. Crawford) ; Las Loras, near Puntarenas, Costa Pica, September 8, 1905
(P. Knab) ; Zent, Costa Rica, September 26, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Bluefields,
Nicaragua (W, P. Thornton) ; Patulue, Guatemala (G. Pisen) ; Canal Zone,
Panama (A. H. Jennings) ; Trinidad, June, 1905 (A. Busck) ; Georgetown,
British Guiana, June 10, 1905 (P. D. Rowland) ; Berbice, British Guiana,
February 5, 1908 (J. Aiken) ; Sao Paulo, Brazil (A. Lutz). Beported also from
the States of Amazonas, Para, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Geraes and Sao
Paulo, Brazil (Peryassu).

The records for the United States are based upon misidentifications, the speci-
mens belonging to either Aedes tormentor or Aedes atlanticus. Aedes serratus
varies in coloration and specimens occur with a very narrow thoracic median
stripe.

AEDES TORMENTOR Dyar & Knab.

Aedes tormentor Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 189, 191, 1906.
Ochlerotatus serratus Coquillett (in part, not Theobald), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent.,

Tech. Ser. 11, 19, 1906.
Aedes tormentor Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Circular 72, 4, 1906.
Aedes tormentor Thibault, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xii, 18, 1910.

Original Description of Aedes tormentor:

This species was collected by Dr. Dupree in Baton Rouge, La., and named " Culex
serratus Theob." as was also the species we describe as atlanticus. "We do not believe
that either of these forms are identical with the South American species, certainly
they both cannot be. It is characterized in the table above.

The following is an abstract of the table :

1. Air tube with the hair tuft within the pecten 2

2. Anal segment ringed by the plate 3

3. Lateral comb of the eighth segment of few scales in a row. . . tormentor

Description of Female, Larva and Egg of Aedes tormentor (Male Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis rather short, subcylindrical, uniform; labellse conically
tapered; vestiture dark brown; seta? minute, curved, black, those on labella?

798

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

more outstanding". Palpi short, about one-fourth as long as the proboscis ;
vestiture dark brown, setae moderate. Antenna? filiform, the joints subequal,
rugose, pilose, brown ; second joint slightly thickened, fusiform, pale at base :
hairs of whorls sparse, moderate, black; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped
apical excavation, yellowish shading to brown within, with a patch of fine seta?.
Clypeus rounded triangular, depressed, with a median groove, dark brown,
nude. Eyes purplish-black. Occiput dark brown, clothed with narrow curved
scales on the vertex, broad flat ones on the sides, silvery yellowish-white in the
middle and along eye-margins, black on each side, white below, many erect,
forked black scales on the nape ; bristles along margins of eyes dark brown, those
projecting between eyes yellowish-white.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, dark brown, concolorous with
sides of mesonotum, with dark seta?. Mesonotum dark brown, covered with
narrow curved scales, a rather broad, yellowish silvery-white median stripe
from anterior edge of mesonotum to posterior margin and involving the
antescutellar space, the remaining scales deep brown, bristles over roots of wings
and about antescutellar space brownish-yellow. Scutellum trilobate, a few
yellowish-white scales on mid lobe, each lobe with a group of dark brown
bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, brownish luteous, nude. Pleiira?
and coxa? yellowish, clothed with patches of elliptical, flat, white scales and pale
bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, tapering posteriorly; dorsal vestiture of
black scales with slight violaceous luster, bristles on posterior borders of seg-
ments yellowish, a row of large, segmental, lateral, basal, triangular white spots ;
first segment with black scales and many fine pale hairs ; venter yellowish-white
scaled, with a few black scales on apical angles of distal segments. Cerci black .

Wings rather broad, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell about half as
long as its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell ; basal cross- vein
a bout its own length distant from anterior cross- vein ; scales brown, with a blno
reflection along the costa, the outstanding ones narrowly ligulate, denser and
broader on forks of second vein. Halteres pale, with blackish knobs.

Legs slender, moderately long; vestiture blackish-brown, under sides of
femora yellowish-white, except at tips ; hind tibia? with the under sides narrowly
white. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 126, fig. 436). — Head rounded, wider than long,
narrowed before eyes, a slight notch at insertion of antenna?, front margin
broadly arcuate. Antenna? moderate, slender, curved, sparsely spined ; a small
tuft at middle; a long and three short apical spines and a digit on a pedestal.
Eyes large, transverse, pointed. Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single, ante-
antennal tuft multiple. Mental plate triangular, with a slender central tooth
and seventeen on each side, all slender and nearly equal, except a small basal
tooth which is distantly removed from the others. Mandible quadrate; two
filaments before tip ; an outer row of cilia from a collar ; a row of fifteen fila-
ments on outer margin; dentition of four teeth on a process, first and fourth
longest ; a stout spine before, a broad serrate filament and four feathered hairs
within ; process below furcate, with a row of hairs on upper margin and a tuft
at tip of each limb ; basal angle sharp, with three hairs within ; five long hairs at
base. Maxilla hemispherical, divided by a suture ; inner half with two rows of
cilia and a row of very coarse spines on inner margin, a tuft of short stout hairs
at tip ; outer half with two moderate filaments above middle and a small sub-
apical spine; palpus small, with four slender apical digits. Thorax rounded,
wider than long ; hairs moderate. Abdomen stout, anterior segments shorter ;

AEDES ATLANTIC US

799

lateral hairs triple on first segment, double on the second, single on succeeding
ones; tracheal tubes broad, expanded into bladders in the metathorax and
slightly also in the seventh abdominal segment. Air-tube stout, about twice as
long as wide, gradually tapering outwardly; pecten of stout teeth, extending
over basal two-thirds of tube, evenly spaced; a small tuft a little beyond the
middle; single pecten-tooth a long spine with three basal branches. Lateral
comb of the eighth segment of eight or nine thorn-shaped scales in a line ; single
scale with elliptical base, slightly fringed with minute spinules and witli a long
smooth rounded terminal spine. Anal segment longer than broad, ringed by the
plate ; dorsal tuft a long hair and brush on each side ; a single lateral hair ; ven-
tral brush well developed, rather short, confined to the barred area and poste-
riorly situated ; anal gills as long as the segment or longer, sharply tapered, the
lower pair a little shorter than the upper.

Egg (plate 140, fig. G81). — Sharply fusiform, black, reticulate, the reticula-
tions long and hexagonal along one-fourth at both ends, the intermediate por-
tion with rhomboidal reticulations.

The eggs are laid singly. The larvas are undoubtedly inhabitants of tempo-
rary ground-pools, though we have no notes on the life history.

Southern United States.

Baton Rouge, Louisiana (J. W. Dupree) ; Westpoint, Mississippi, August 11,
1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Corinth, Mississippi, August 14, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ;
Jacksonville, Florida (H. Byrd) ; Scott, Arkansas, August 31, 1908 (J. K.
Thibault, Jr.).

Aides tormentor inhabits the Gulf coast region, the related Aedes atlanticus
the Atlantic coast region, but both species occur in Florida. Both have been
confused by Theobald and his followers with Aedes serratus, from which they
differ in the coloration of the legs. The median stripe of the mesonotum is
usually about one-fourth its width and is continued over the antescutellar
space to the posterior margin.

AEDES ATLANTICUS Dyar & Knab.

Culex serratus Smith (not Theobald), Ent. News, xiv, 309, 1903.
Culex serratus Smith (not Theobald), Bull. 171, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., 38, 1904.
Culex serratus Felt (not Theobald), Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 334, 1904.
Protoculex serratus Felt (not Theobald), Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 391d, 1904.
Protoculex serratus Dyar (not Theobald), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 48, 1905.
Culex serratus Smith (not Theobald), N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 277, 1905.
Protoculex serratus Felt (not Theobald), Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 449, 490, 1905.
Culex conftrmatus Ludlow (not Arribalzaga), Can. Ent., xxxvii, 388, 1905.
Aedes atlanticus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 190, 198, 1906.
Ochlerotatus serratus Coquillett (in part, not Theobald), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent.,

Tech. Ser. 11, 19, 1906.
Aedes atlanticus Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circ. 72, 4, 1906.
Protoculex serratus Theobald (not Theobald), Mon. Culic, iv, 464, 1907.
Aedes serratus Morse (not Theobald), Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 719, 1910.
Leucomyia. scapularis Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, v, 315, 1910.

Original Description of Aedes atlanticus:

Figured by Prof. .1. B. Smith under the name " Culex serratus Theobald " as de-
termined for him by Mr. Coquillett (N. J. Agr. exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 280, fig.
86, 1905). While it is possible that this is the true serratus of Theobald, described
from Brazil and Guiana, we do not think it is probable, especially in view of what
we note under Aedes tormentor above. We therefore propose a new name for the
Atlantic coast form. Prof. Smith has taken it in New Jersey and the senior author
at Sanford, Florida.

800

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

The following is an abstract of the table :

1. Air tube with the tuft beyond the pecten 8

8. Pecten of the air tube with evenly spaced teeth 13

13. Comb scales few, in a single or irregularly single row 14

14. Anal segment ringed by the plate 15

15. Anal processes moderate, normal 16

16. Comb of six scales; pecten not reaching half of tube 17

17. Pecten of air tube running about one-half; anal segment longer

than wide atlanticus

Description of Female, Male, asd Larva of Aedes atlanticus :

Female. — Proboscis rather short, subcylindrical, uniform ; labellae conically
tapered; vestiture dark brown; setae minute, curved, black, those on labellae
more outstanding. Palpi short, about one-fourth as long as the proboscis ;
vestiture dark brown, setae moderate. Antennae filiform, the joints subequal,
rugose, pilose, black; second joint slightly thickened, fusiform, pale at base;
tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, yellowish shading to
brown within, with a patch of fine setae ; hairs of whorls sparse, moderate, black.
Clypeus rounded triangular, convex, medianly depressed, dark brown, nude.
Eyes purplish black. Occiput dark brown, clothed with narrow, curved scales
on the vertex, broad flat ones on the sides, silvery white on vertex and along
margins of eyes, black on the sides, white below, many erect, forked dark scales
on the nape; bristles along margins of eyes dark brown, those projecting between
eyes whitish.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, dark brown, concolorous with
sides of mesonotum, with dark scales and setae. Mesonotum dark brown, covered
with narrow curved scales, a rather broad silvery white median stripe from the
anterior edge and continued over the antescutellar space to the posterior
margin, the rest of the vestiture dark brown; bristles over roots of wings and
about antescutellar space dark brown. Scutellum trilobate, the mid lobe with
silvery-white scales, each lobe with a group of dark brown bristles. Postnotum
elliptical, prominent, brownish luteous, nude. Pleurae and coxae yellowish,
clothed with patches of elliptical, flat, white scales and pale bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, tapering posteriorly; dorsal vestiture of
dull blue-black scales, bristles on posterior borders of segments yellowish, a row
of large segmental, lateral, basal, triangular white spots ; venter yellowish-white
scaled, with black scales along posterior margins of last three segments. Cerci
black.

Wings rather broad, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell about half as
long as its cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell ; basal cross- vein
about its own length distant from anterior cross-vein; scales brown, the out-
standing ones narrowly ligulate, denser on forks of second vein. Halteres pale,
with blackish knobs.

Legs slender, moderately long; vestiture brownish-black; under sides of
femora yellowish white except at tips; tibiae pale beneath, bronzy. Claw
formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Male. — Proboscis longer than in the female, straight, deep bronzy-brown
scaled. Palpi exceeding the proboscis by the length of the last joint ; end of long
joint and last two joints considerably swollen and with dense, long brown hairs;
vestiture deep bronzy-brown throughout. Antennae plumose, the last two joints
slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others short, pale, narrowly black ringed at
insertions of hair- whorls; hairs long, dense, black with brown luster; tori en-
tirely blackish. Coloration similar to the female. Abdomen elongate, depressed,
with rather irregular, long and fine, pale yellow lateral ciliation. Wings nar-

AEDES ATLANTICUS

801

rower than in the female, the stalks of the fork-cells longer, the vestiture less
abundant. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-1.1.

Length : Body ahout 4.5 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 28, fig. 192) : Side-pieces three times as long as wide,
conically tapered; apical lobe slender, prominent, conical, basal lobe broadly
expanded, three times as wide as long, setose, with a stout spine within. Clasp-
filament slender, slightly expanded in the middle, with a long terminal articu-
lated spine. Harpes narrowly elliptical, concave, inner margin thickened,
revolute, tip pointed, outcurved. Harpagones with a very stout bent columnar
stem, finely pilose and with a terminal filament, which is broadly expanded
medianly, the tip bluntly rounded. Unci approximate, revolute. forming a small
basal cylinder. Basal appendages approximate, short, bearing five short spines.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 126, fig. 437). — Head rounded, widest through eyes,
narrowed before, a notch at insertion of antenna?, front margin arcuate. An-
tenna? moderate, slender, sparsely spined, a small tuft towards middle ; three
short irregular spines and a stout digit at tip. Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs
single, ante-antennal tuft multiple. Mental plate elongate triangular, with a
small central tooth and sixteen on each side, basal ones progressively stouter
and more remote. Mandible rounded quadrangular, with an area of short
spines outwardly near base ; a long filament and a short one from a notch before
tip ; an outer row of cilia from a collar ; a row of long filaments on outer margin
and a row of fine slender hairs with coincident bases; dentition of four teeth
on a process, first and fourth slightly longer; two spines before, two short double
teeth at base, a broad filament and a row of feathered hairs within ; process
below furcate, with a row of hairs on outer margin and a tuft at tip of each
limb; basal angle moderate, a row of sparse coarse hairs within ; a row at base.
Maxilla irregularly hemispherical, divided by a suture ; inner half with a row
of stout filaments with divided tips on the margin, a row of stout hairs within
and a row of cilia near the suture; inner half with two filaments near apex, a
long spine near apical hair-tuft, a short spine on margin and sparsely dis-
tributed hairs over the surface ; palpus short and stout, rounded, with four
rudimentary apical digits. Thorax rounded, wider than long. Abdomen
moderate, anterior segments shorter ; lateral hairs in threes on first segment, in
twos on second, single on third to sixth. Air-tube stout, slightly tapered on
outer half, two and a half times as long as wide ; pecten running to middle, of
few teeth, followed by an ample tuft; single pecten-tooth a long spine with
three basal branches. Lateral comb of eighth segment of six large thorn-shaped
scales in a row; single scale with large central spine and short basal spinules.
Anal segment as long as wide, ringed by the plate ; dorsal tuft a long hair and
brush on each side; ventral brush well developed, confined to the barred area;
anal gills regularly tapered, lower pair as long as segment, upper pair longer.

The larva? inhabit temporary ground-pools. Dr. Dyar found them in a semi-
permanent marshy pool, containing leaves of small water-plants, but joined to a
railroad ditch. They were associated with Psorophora floridense and P. ciliata.
Professor Smith found the larvae in woodland pools with Aedes canadensis and
A. sylvestris. He found the adults in low swampy woods, from which they did
not emerge, and only bit when their haunts were invaded. Larvae appear at
intervals during the season, and the eggs undoubtedly hibernate.

Southern Atlantic States.

New Brunswick, New Jersey, August 1 (through J. B. Smith) ; Sanford,
Florida, March 17, 1905 (H. G. Dvar) . Beported also from Staten Island, New
York (Felt).

Aedes atlanticus takes the place of Aedes tormentor upon the Atlantic coast,
but both species occur in Florida. As remarked in the discussion of A. tor-

802

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

mentor, both species have been confused with Aedes serratus by Coquillett,
Theobald and others. All three species are very distinct in larval characters.
The coloration of the adults shows some variation.

AEDES BRACTEATUS (Coquillett) Pazos.

Culex bracteatus Coquillett, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 184, 1906.
Aedes habanicus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 190, 198, 1906.
Ochlerotatus bracteatus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 19, 1906.
Aedes bracteatus Pazos, Anal. Acad. Cien. med., fls. y nat. de la Habana, xlv, 423,
1908.

Aedes bracteatus Pazos, San. y Ben., ii, 47, 320, 1909.
Culex bracteatus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 612, 1910.

Original Description of Culex bracteatus :

Near confirmatus, but the patch of scales on median portion of anterior half of
the mesonotum is golden brown, instead of whitish. Proboscis and palpi brown-
scaled, occiput brassy-yellow-scaled and with a patch of brown ones on each side.
Scales in middle of anterior two-thirds of the mesonotum golden brown, those along
the sides and on posterior third of the mesonotum deep brown, the latter intermixed
with brassy-yellow ones. Abdomen black-scaled, a narrow band of whitish ones
at base of each segment, expanded into lateral spots on the last three segments,
venter whitish-scaled, the black of the dorsum encroaching on the hind angles of
the first five segments. Legs black-scaled, the bases and large portion of the under-
side whitish-scaled; claws of front and middle tarsi toothed, those of the hind ones
simple. Scales of wings brown. Length 3.5 mm.

Habana, Cuba. Four females collected by Mr. J. R. Taylor.

Type. — No. 7753, U. S. National Museum.

Original Description of Aedes habanicus:

Antennae rather small with the tuft at the middle; head hairs single; body
coarsely hairy; lateral hairs mostly lost, but two are present on the sixth abdominal
segment; air tube two-and-a-half times as long as wide, the pecten reaching to the
middle, followed by the hair tuft; anal segment broadly ringed by the plate; anal
gills short, about as long as the segment.

Havana, Cuba, Oct. 28, 1903, from Mr. John R. Taylor, labelled " Culex con-
firmatus Arrib." we do not know on whose authority. They were associated with
many Psorophora ciliata, and doubtless came from some temporary pool or swamp.

The following is an abstract of the table:

1. Air tube with the tuft beyond the pecten 8

8. Pecten of the air tube with evenly spaced teeth 13

13. Comb scales more numerous to many in a patch 21

21. Anal segment ringed by the plate 22

22. Air tube twice as long as wide or less, pecten of 12-14 teeth 26

26. Scales of comb evenly spinulated, without central thorn 27

27. Body pilose 28

28. Pecten scarcely over half of tube; tuft normal 29

29. Lateral hairs double or in threes on these segments 30

30. Anal segment moderate with broad ring habanicus

Description of Female and Larva of Aedes bracteatus (Male Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis rather long and slender, subcylindrical ; labellae conically
tapered; vestiture black; setse minute, curved, black, those on labellae more
prominently outstanding. Palpi short, about one-fifth as long as the proboscis,
clothed with black scales and moderate, stiff bristles. Antennae filiform, the
joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black, second joint slightly swollen beyond
middle, yellow at base ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation,
luteous, blackish and with a patch of fine black hairs on inner side; hairs of
whorls moderate, sparse, black. Clypeus rounded triangular, convex, black,
nude. Eyes black. Occiput black, clothed with broad, flat, dull white scales,
a narrow median line of narrow curved, silvery yellow scales on the vertex and
similar ones along margins of eyes, a diffused black patch on the sides close to
eye-margin, many erect forked pale yellow scales on the nape ; bristles along
margins of eyes black, those projecting between eyes pale yellow.

AEDES BRACTEATUS

803

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, dark brown, with pale yellow
scales and with numerous black bristles. Mesonotum dark brown, clothed with
narrow, curved scales, very broadly coppery golden-brown on disc, indistinctly
indented laterally before middle, dark bronzy-brown along lateral margins, two
brown subdorsal spots posteriorly before antescutellar space ; scales about ante-
scutellar space paler; setae rather short, dark brown. Scutellum trilobate,
brown, clothed with narrow, curved golden scales, each lobe with a group of
blackish bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown, nude. Pleurs
brown, coxae luteous, clothed with patches of elliptical white scales and rows of
pale bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, somewhat flattened, tapering posteriorly ; dorsal
vestiture dull black, narrow bands of sordid white scales at bases of segments,
triangularly widened in the middle, absent on last segment, a row of large, seg-
mental, lateral, triangular, basal yellowish-white patches extending to apical
margins; first segment dark or pale scaled, with many fine pale hairs; venter
yellowish-white scaled. Cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline; petioles of second marginal and second posterior
cell shorter than their cells and about equal ; basal cross-vein distant more than
its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales brownish-black, the outstanding
ones narrowly ligulate, denser on forks of second vein. Halteres blackish, with
whitish knobs.

Legs moderately slender; vestiture bronzy-black with bluish luster; femora
beneath yellowish-white except at tips, under sides of tibia? with a whitish re-
flection and a few pale scales at bases of first tarsal joints. Claw formula,
1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 120, fig. 416).- — Head rounded, widest through eyes,
narrowed before eyes, a notch at insertion of antennae, front margin arcuate.
Antenna? moderate, slender, very sparsely spined, with a small hair-tuft at the
middle; three irregular spines and a digit on a pedicel at tip. Both pairs of
dorsal head-hairs single, ante-antennal tuft multiple. Mental plate elongate-
triangular, with a central tooth and fifteen on each side, the last two small,
irregular and remote. Mandible quadrangular, with coarse, stout spines out-
wardly at base ; two filaments from a notch before tip; an outer row of cilia from
a collar; a row of filaments on outer margin; dentition of four teeth on a
process, the first the largest; two spines before, two short bifid teeth at base, a
broad serrate filament and row of feathered hairs within, the outermost of which
is broadened at base; process below curved, strongly furcate, with a short row
of hairs on outer margin and a tuft at tip of each limb; basal angle moderate,
a row of three stout hairs and a detached one within ; a row of stout hairs at base.
Maxilla bluntly conical, divided by a suture ; inner half with a row of filaments
on margin from base to middle, their tips divided, a row of cilia from base to
apex, a tuft of long hairs at tip ; outer half with two filaments near apex ad-
joining the suture and a small spine on outer margin ; palpxis short and stout,
with four minute apical digits. Thorax rounded, wider than long; abdomen
moderate, ihe anterior segments shorter ; skin coarsely hairy. Air-tube tapered
outwardly, about two and a half times as long as wide ; pecten teeth coarse,
rather long, running to middle, single tooth a long spine with three or four basal
branches ; a single tuft beyond the pecten. Lateral comb of eighth segment of
many scales in a rather small triangular patch; single scale short and broad,
evenly fringed with spinules. Anal segment as long as broad, ringed by the
plate ; dorsal tuft a long hair and brush on each side ; ventral brush well de-
veloped, confined to the barred area ; anal gills short and stout, not as long as
the segment, tapered outwardly.

804

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Life histoiy and habits unknown. Dr. Pazos has obtained eggs and accord-
ing to a drawing he sent us they are rhomboidal in outline. They were de-
posited singly. The larva? undoubtedly occur in temporary ground-pools, as
do those of the related species.

Cuba.

Havana, November 1, 1902 (J. E, Taylor) ; Cayamas, May 8, 10, 31 (E. A.
Schwarz) ; San Antonio de los Banos (J. H. Pazos). Eeported also from Isle
of Pines (Pazos).

Aedes bracteatus is one of a group inhabiting the Antilles, which differ on
each island. The differences are but slight, yet we consider them, tentatively
at least, as specific. In the Bahamas this species is represented by Aedes plu-
tocraticus, in Santo Domingo by A. balteatus and in Jamaica by .4. tortilis,
while we have from St. Thomas a single specimen differing slightly from all,
but which we do not venture to describe on so slender a material. We think
these are all species, not races of one species, since the only two larva? known to
us, namely those of bracteatus and tortilis, differ.

The disc of the mesonotum varies considerably in intensity of coloration and
in the definition of the color-pattern. In some specimens this area is dark
coppery brown and blends with the darker lateral areas, while in others it is
of a creamy color and in strong contrast with the lateral zones.

AEDES PLUTOCRATICUS Dyar & Knab.

Culex conflrmatus Coffin (in part, not Arribalzaga), in Shattuck, The Bahama Ids.,
282, 1905.

Aedes plutocraticus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 11, 1907.
Aedes plutocraticus Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 485, 1910.

Original Description of Aedes plutocraticus:

Proboscis and palpi black; head clothed with creamy scales behind the eyes;
thorax coppery bronze, a distinct dark brown spot occupying the anterior half
laterally joined behind to the lateral brown area; medianly there are two rather
ill-defined brownish stripes; abdomen black above, with narrow basal white
bands, beneath white, the hind angles with black triangular spots. Wings dark
brown, scaled. Legs black, the tibia and tarsi bronzy beneath; femora white on the
under side. Claws of the female toothed.

63 specimens, Nassau, Andros, San Salvador, Tarpon Bay and Powell Point,
Bahama (T. H. Coffin).

Type— Cat. no. 10251, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Description of Female and Male of Aedes plutocraticus (Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis moderate, subcylindrical ; labelke conically tapered;
vestiture black ; seta? minute, curved, black, those on labellae more prominently
outstanding. Palpi short, less than one-fifth as long as the proboscis, clothed
with black scales and moderate, stiff bristles. Antennae filiform, the joints sub-
equal, rugose, pilose, black; second joint slightly thickened, fusiform, yellow
at base ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, luteous, black-
ish and with a patch of fine black hairs on inner side ; hairs of whorls moderate,
sparse, black. Clypeus rounded triangular, depressed in the middle, nude,
black. Eyes black. Occiput black, clothed with broad, flat, dull white scales,
a median line of narrow, curved, yellowish silvery scales on the vertex and
similar ones along eye-margins, a large, diffused black patch on the sides close
to eye-margin, many erect forked scales on nape, some black, most pale yellow ;
seta? along margins of eyes black, those projecting between eyes pale yellow.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, dark brown, concolorous with
sides of mesonotum, with some whitish scales and numerous black bristles.
Mesonotum dark brown, clothed with narrow curved scales, a broad golden

AEDES PLUTOCRATICUS

805

brown median area, expanded to lateral margin behind the middle and en-
closing two indistinct, darker submedian lines, large, deep brown lateral patches
at anterior third and smaller ones at posterior third; scales about antescu-
tellar space and over roots of wings paler; setae rather short, brown. Scutellum
trilobate, brown, clothed with narrow, curved, pale golden brown scales, each
lobe with a group of blackish bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark
brown, nude. Pleurae brown, coxae luteous, clothed with patches of elliptical
white scales and rows of pale bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, somewhat flattened, tapering posteriorly; dorsal
vestiture black with a slight metallic reflection, very narrow bands of sordid
white scales at the bases of segments, becoming obsolete at the sides and obscure
outwardly, a row of triangular lateral basal segmental yellowish white patches ;
first segment black scaled and with many pale hairs; venter yellowish-white
scaled. Cerci black.

Wings rather broad, hyaline ; petioles of second marginal and second posterior
cells shorter than their cells and about equal ; basal cross-vein distant nearly its
own length from anterior cross-vein; scales brown, outstanding ones narrowly
ligulate, somewhat denser on forks of second vein. Halteres whitish, with
blackish knobs.

Legs slender, moderately long; vestiture dull bronzy-brown with a bluisb
luster; femora beneath yellowish-white except at tips; mid and hind tarsi with
a pale line beneath, becoming indistinct distally. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, long and slender, dark bronzy brown scaled.
Palpi exceeding the proboscis by nearly the length of the last joint ; end of long
joint and the last two joints slightly swollen and with long, dense, shining
brown hairs ; vestiture dark bronzy brown. Antennae plumose, the last two
joints long and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others short, pale, narrowly
ringed with black at insertions of haii'-wborls ; hairs long, dense, shining brown :
tori entirely blackish. Coloration similar to the female. Abdomen elongate, de-
pressed, the white dorsal segmental bands broader than in the female, uniform ;
lateral ciliation long, fine, abundant, pale yellow. Wings narrower than in the
female, the stalks ot' the fork-cells longer, the vestiture sparse. Claw formula.
2.1-2,1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 30, fig. 203) : Side-pieces three times as long as wide, small
at tip ; apical lobe roundedly prominent, basal small, rounded, densely setose,
with a stout curved spine within. Clasp-filament slender, slightly swollen in
the middle, with a long articulated terminal spine. Harpes narrowly elliptical,
concave, inner margin thickened and revolute, tip pointed and recurved.
Harpagones with a slender columnar stem bearing a seta, at its middle and a
terminal articulated filament, which is widened in the middle and bears a
retrose spine with a small denticle below it. Unci contiguous, revolute, forming
a moderate basal cylinder. Basal appendages small, bearing five stout spines.

Life history and habits unknown.

Bahama Islands.

Nassau, New Providence, June 24, 1903 (T. H. Collin ) ; Andros, June 26,
1903 (T. H. Coffin) ; Tarpum Bay, Eleuthera (T. H. Coffin) ; Powell's Point,
Eleuthera (T. H. Coffin) ; San Salvador (T. H. Coffin) ; Current Settlement,
Eleuthera, July 5, 1903 (T. H. Coffin).

As remarked in the discussion of bracteatm, this species is the representative
in the Bahamas of that Cuban species.

806

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

AEDES TORTILIS (Theobald).

Culex tortilis Theobald, Entomologist, xxxvi, 281, 1903.

Culex tortilis Theobald & Grabham, Mosq. or Culic. of Jamaica, 26, 1905.

Aedes auratus Grabham, Can. Ent., xxxviii, 313, 1906.

Aedes auratus Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 163, 1906.

Culex tortilis Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 428, 1907.

Culex tortilis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 387, 1910.

Aedes auratus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 598, 1910.

Original Description of Culex tortilis:

Head golden scaled; proboscis unhanded; thorax adorned with golden scales, and
a large dark brown patch on each side in front, the back of the mesonotum also
darkened; pleurae with grey scales. Abdomen deep brown with violet reflections:
the second, third, fourth and fifth segments with narrow basal pale bands; venter
pale yellow scaled. Legs deep brown, unhanded; venter of femora and coxae white.
Ungues equal.

J. Head brown, clothed with narrow-curved golden-yellow scales, a few black
bristles, and ochraceous upright forked scales; proboscis and palpi deep brown;
antennae brown; basal joint testaceous; second joint very large and swollen, deep
brown. Thorax deep brown, the middle of the mesonotum clothed with narrow-
curved golden scales; on each side in front a roundish rich deep brown patch, and
the posterior part of the mesonotum with darker scales than the front, being almost
brown, but not so dark as the front lateral areas; scutellum with dull golden-brown
scales and brown border-bristles; metanotum bright chestnut-brown; pleurse pale
brown, with spots of grey scales. Abdomen black in some lights, rich deep but dull
violet in others; the first segment with dusky scales, forming two spots and pale
golden hairs; the second, third, fourth and fifth segments with narrow pale yel-
lowish basal bands, not extending quite across the segments, the fifth sometimes
very inconspicuous: basal lateral white spots most prominent on the apical seg-
ments; venter clothed with creamy yellow scales; border-bristles of the dorsum pale
golden. Legs deep brown, except the coxae and venter of the femora, which are
grey to creamy yellow; femora, tibiae, and hind metatarsi with black bristles; hind
metatarsi very nearly as long as the hind tibiae; fore and mid ungues equal,
uniserrated; hind equal and simple. Wings clothed with typical brown Culex
scales; fork-cells rather short; first submarginal cell very slightly longer, but
narrower than the second posterior cell, its stem about as long as the cell, its base
about level with the base of the second posterior cell, if anything slightly nearer
the apex; stem of the second posterior cell not quite as long as the cell; posterior
cross-vein very short, about twice its own length distant from the mid; a pale spot
at the base of the wing; halteres testaceous. Length 4 to 4.5 mm.

Hab. Kingston, Jamaica.

Time of capture. August.

Observations. — Described from a series of females taken by Dr. Grabham. They
are very distinct, small, thick-set mosquitoes, easily told by the thoracic adorn-
ment, the two dark spots on the front of the mesothorax being very characteristic;
their unhanded legs at once separate them from Culex secutor, Theob., or C. janitor,
Theob., and they are of much stouter build. When alive they can easily be identified
by the character noticed by Dr. Grabham, of carrying their hind legs twisted right
forward over their head, when settled, after the manner of Wyeomyias. There is
some variation in the venation. Some specimens show the base of the first sub-
marginal cell slightly nearest the apex, and the posterior cross-vein as long as the
mid cross-vein, and about its own length distant from it. In others the basal
abdominal banding is very faint; in one there is a trace of an additional basal
abdominal band.

Original Description of Aedes auratus :

$. Head covered with narrow curved yellow scales and hairs. Many forked upright
yellow scales at the back; a few forked upright black scales and black hairs at the
sides. Antennae dark brown, joints with pale yellow hairs. Palpi black, speckled
with yellow scales. Proboscis black, with scattered yellow scales and hairs, espe-
cially near the base. Clypeus black. Thorax rich golden yellow. Prothoracic lobes
with black hairs and yellow scales. Mesothorax densely covered with narrow curved
golden-yellow scales in front, somewhat more scantily at the back (scales of thorax
darker in shade than those on the head) ; on each side in front, near the middle
line, there are two small dark spots; there is also a large dark area on each side
reaching from the prothoracic lobes to above the wing insertions, and extending
laterally to the margin, and a pair of conspicuous black spots near the middle line

AEDES TORTILIS

807

on the posterior third. A row of black hairs extends from these spots to the posterior
margin of the mesothorax. Scutellum with patches of yellow scales on the mid and
lateral lobes. Pleura grayish, with patches of white scales and hairs. Metanotum
brown. Abdomen black, with narrow basal bands of golden scales and a row of
long white hairs along the posterior margin of each segment; lateral areas of silvery
scales on the hinder segments; scattered over the dark scaled areas are a number
of lighter scales, which form an ill-defined stripe along the middle of the abdomen.
Venter white scaled, small apical areas of black scales on the hinder segments at the
sides. Legs black: femora white below through the whole length, except near the
apex, where there is a black spot; thickly speckled with white scales above, espe-
cially near the base; knee spots small. Tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi all ventrally
white scaled, a few long bristles on the joints, those along the tibiae longest. Ungues
all equal and uniserrate. Wings, veins covered with broad, short, flattened scales,
extremities of the upper veins with long narrow ones as well. Upper forked cell
narrow and a little longer than the lower. Stem about half its length. Posterior
cross vein rather more than its own length distant from the mid cross vein. Halteres
with pale stems and knobs. Length, 3.5 mm.

— Proboscis black, nearly as long as the palpi, with scattered yellow scales,
especially near the base, apex slightly swollen, tip light brown. Both terminal
joints of the palpi somewhat swollen, and covered with many long black hairs, more
numerous underneath. Ungues of the fore and mid tarsi very nearly equal, larger
with two teeth, smaller with one basal tooth; ungues of the hind tarsi equal and
uniserrate. Genitalia closely resembling those described and figured by Felt (N. Y.
State Museum, Bulletin 97), for Culicada conflrmatus, Theo. The spine at the apex
of the terminal clasp segment is about one-fifth length of segment. Claspette
obsolete, represented by a few weak setae and long hairs, one hair much longer than
the others, curved at the tip and swollen towards the base. Harpes slender, curved,
base without hairs. Harpagones stout, very deeply infuscated, with a recurved
sharp point. Setaceous lobes with a few short, stout setae. Length, 3.5 mm.

Notes on the adult larva. — The fully grown larva attained a length of nearly
V* inch. Head nearly circular, deeply infuscated; antennae uniformly chitinized,
short, stout, subconical, gradually tapering to the apex, straight along the inner
surface, outer surface with a constriction at the lower third, giving the antennal
shaft a semi bulbous outline at the base. Apex with four short, stout spines. Tuft
below the middle of about six short hairs not reaching to the apex. Lower surface
of antenna with a few large isolated chitinous spines, upper surface with several
longitudinal lines of small closely-placed spines; these lines extend through nearly
the whole length of the antennal shaft; near the base they divide and ramify. The
spines vary much in size, and are for the most part directed inwards. Mentum
broadly triangular, with about 40 rather small teeth. Upper and lower epistomal
hairs single, short; anteantennal hair tuft with about ten divisions. Thorax densely
spinous, with short, stout, thorn-like spines; abdominal spines less dense, arranged
in ill-defined transverse rows. Lateral hairs paired on the first segment, single on
all the other segments. Scales of lateral comb about 15 in a group. Each scale
bordered with fine setae, one or two rather longer terminal spines, the longest of
these about half as long as the body of the scale. Air tube about twice as long as
broad, a little inflated above the base, deeply infuscated except just at the apex;
pecten reaching to the middle, a pair of rather weak hair tufts on a level with the
highest pair of pecten teeth; teeth about 15 in number, deeply chitinized, each
tooth with several minor teeth on the inner side, one of the latter greatly exceeding
the others in size. Anal plate completely encircling the segment, about two-thirds
as long as broad; ventral hair tufts about ten pairs springing from a separate
barred area; dorsal group of two pairs, upper pair short, compound; lower simple,
four times as long as the former. Anal gills equal, lanceolate, narrowing to a fine
point, about half as long again as the ventral hair group.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes tortilis:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, subcylindrical, labellse conically tapered ; ves-
titure bronzy black; setae minute, curved, black, those on labellae more promi-
nently outstanding. Palpi short, about one-fifth as long as the proboscis, clothed
with black scales and moderate, stiff black bristles. Antennae filiform, the joints
subequal, rugose, pilose, black, second joint slightly thickened, fusiform, yellow,
dark at apex; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, luteous,
blackish and with a patch of fine black hairs on inner side; hairs of whorls
moderate, sparse, black. Clypeus rounded triangular, somewhat depressed,

808

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

blackish, nude. Eyes bronzy-black. Occiput black, clothed broadly with narrow
curved scales on vertex, flat ones on the sides, pale golden yellow dorsally and
along eye-margins, a diffused black patch well down the sides, many pale yellow,
erect forked scales on the nape; seta? along margins of eyes black, those pro-
jecting between eyes pale yellow.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, dark brown, concolorous with
sides of mesonotum, with pale scales and numerous black bristles. Mesonotum
dark brown, clothed with narrow, curved scales, dull golden, marked with dark
brown in a large lateral patch on anterior third and a small spot at posterior
third ; sera rather short, black. Scutellum trilobate, brown, clothed with narrow
curved dull golden scales, each lobe with a group of blackish bristles. Postnotum
elliptical, prominent, dark brown, nude. Pleura brown, coxa? luteous, clothed
with patches of elliptical white scales and rows of pale bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, somewhat flattened, tapering posteriorly; dorsal
vestiture black with a slight metallic reflection, very narrow bands of sordid
white scales at bases of segments, obscure outwardly, a row of triangular lateral
basal segmental yellowish-white patches ; first segment black scaled, with many
fine pale yellow hairs ; venter yellowish-white scaled. Cerci black.

Wings rather broad, hyaline; petioles of second marginal and second posterior
cells shorter than their cells and about equal ; basal cross- vein distant its own
length from anterior cross vein; scales brown, the outstanding ones narrowly
ligulate, those on forks of second vein dense and broader. Halteres whitish, with
blackish knobs.

Legs slender, moderately long; vestiture dull bronzy brown with a bluish
luster ; femora beneath yellowish-white to near tips ; under sides of front and
mid tibiae and first tarsal joints narrowly white scaled. Claw formula,
1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, long and rather slender ; vestiture dark bronzy
brown. Palpi exceeding the proboscis by nearly the length of the last joint;
end of long joint and two last joints slightly swollen and with dense,, long
brown hairs. Antenna? plumose, the last two joints long and slender, rugose,
pilose, black, the others short, pale, narrowly ringed with black at insertions
of hair-whorls; hairs long, dense and brown; tori entirely blackish. Coloration
similar to the female, the scales on the mesonotum much paler, brassy. Abdomen
elongate, depressed; dorsal segmental white bands broad; lateral ciliation fine,
long and abundant, pale yellow. Wings narrower than in the female; stalks
of the fork-cells longer, the vestiture sparse. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 29, fig. 197) : Side-pieces three times as long as wide, small
at tip ; apical lobe roundedly prominent, basal small, rounded, densely setose,
with a stout curved spine within. Clasp-filament slender, slightly swollen in
middle, with a long articulated terminal spine. Harpes narrowly elliptical,
concave, inner margin thickened and revolute, tip pointed and recurved.
Harpagones with a slender columnar minutely pilose stem, with a terminal
articulated filament, which is widened in middle and bears a retrose spine with
a small denticle below it. Unci contiguous, revolute, forming a moderate basal
cone. Basal appendages small, bearing two stout spines.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 120, fig. 415). — Head rounded, widest through eyes,
narrowed anteriorly, front arcuate. Antenna? moderate, slender, uniform,
minutely spinulated, a small tuft situated near middle. Both pairs of dorsal
head-hairs single, ante-antennal tufts in fives. Body with the skin smooth ;
lateral abdominal hairs single after second segment. Lateral comb of eighth

AEDES BALTEATUS

809

segment of about twenty-five scales in a narrow patch, each scale broad, with a
rather short central spine and long lateral fringe. Air-tube about two and a
half times as long as wide, tapering outwardly; pecten of twelve to fourteen
stout teeth, reaching about to the middle of the tube, with an ample hair-tuft
situated near base of last tooth. Anal segment longer than wide, ringed by the
plate ; dorsal tuft a long hair and tuft on each side; lateral hair single; ventral
brush well developed, confined to the barred area ; anal gills long, tapering to
sharp points, equal.

Dr. Grabham bred the larvae from temporary puddles of rain-water.

Island of Jamaica.

Kingston, July 10, 1906 (M. Grabham).

As remarked in the discussion of Aides bradeatus, the species tortilis repre-
sents in Jamaica that Cuban species. Theobald states that Dr. Grabham has
noted that the adults when at rest elevate the hind feet over the head like the
sabethines. This unusual habit has been observed by Dr. Dyar in the case of
Aedes pertinax and seems to be peculiar to these insular forms. None of the
many other culicines we have observed in life hold their legs in the manner
characteristic of sabethines.

AEDES BALTEATUS Dyar & Knab.

Aedes balteatus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 9, 1907.
Aedes balteatus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 485, 1910.

Original Description of Aedes balteatus:

Proboscis black; palpi black; head behind the eyes pale bronzy, a large dark
spot on each side; thorax bronzy yellow on the disk, a rounded deep brown patch
on the front of the lateral margin, scutellum silvery. Abdomen black above, with
narrow basal pale bands; beneath pale, the hind angles of the segments black. Legs
black, unhanded, femora pale beneath. Tarsal claw formula of the female,
1.1-1.1-0.0.

6 specimens, Santo Domingo, West Indies (A. Busck).
Type— Cat. no. 10152, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Closely resembling Aedes auratus Grabham, but the claws of the hind tarsi are
simple.

Description of Female of Aedes balteatus (Male and Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis rather long, subcylindrical ; labellse conically tapered;
vestiture black; seta? minute, curved, black, those on labellse more prominently
outstanding. Palpi short, about one-sixth as long as the proboscis, clothed
with black scales and moderate, stiff bristles. Antenna3 filiform, the joints
subequal, rugose, pilose, black ; second joint slightly thickened, fusiform, yellow,
dark at apex; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, luteous,
blackish within, with a patch of fine black hairs; hairs of whorls moderate,
sparse, black. Clypeus rounded triangular, depressed, with a slight median
groove, nude. Eyes bronzy-black. Occiput black, clothed broadly with narrow
curved scales on the vertex, flat ones on the sides, pale coppery-golden medianly
and along eye-margins, a large black patch on the sides, many erect, forked, pale
yellow scales well back on the nape; setae along margins of eyes black, those
projecting between eyes pale yellow.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, dark brown, concolorous with
sides of mesonotum, with whitish scales and numerous black bristles. Meso-
notum dark brown, clothed with narrow, curved scales, coppery golden in a
broad median area, laterally produced behind middle and marked with dark
brown in two indistinct narrow longitudinal lines, a distinct, deep brown,
lateral rounded patch at anterior third surrounded by golden scales and a pair
of small deep brown spots before antescutellar area ; scales about antescutellar
space and over roots of wings paler; setae rather short, black. Scutellum trilo-
52

810

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

bate, brown, clothed with narrow, curved dull golden scales, each lobe with a
group of blackish bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown, nude.
Pleurae brown, coxa? luteous, clothed with patches of elliptical white scales and
rows of pale bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, somewhat flattened, tapering posteriorly; dorsal
vestiture black with a slight metallic reflection, very narrow incomplete bands
of sordid white scales at bases of segments, obsolete outwardly, a row of tri-
angular lateral basal segmental yellowish white patches; first segment black-
scaled, a few pale ones laterally, and many fine pale yellowish hairs; venter
yellowish-white scaled. Cerci black.

Wings rather broad, hyaline; petioles of second marginal and second pos-
terior cells shorter than their cells and about equal; basal cross-vein distant
nearly its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales brown, the outstanding
ones narrowly ligulate, dense and broader on forks of second vein. Halteres
blackish, with whitish knobs.

Legs slender, moderately long; vestiture bronzy-black with a bluish luster;
femora beneath yellowish-white except at tips, under sides of fore and mid tibia*
narrowly whitish scaled. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1 or 1.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Life history and habits unknown.

Island of Santo Domingo.

Santo Domingo, August, 1905 (A. Busck).

As remarked in the discussion of Aedes bracteatus, this species is the repre-
sentative in Santo Domingo of that Cuban species. The claws of the hind legs
may be either toothed or simple. The tooth, when present, is very delicate and
easily escapes observation. There is considerable variation in coloration. On
the mesonotum the deep brown coloration sometimes extends all along the sides,
being indented behind the middle by the golden median area.

AEDES LEUCOMELAS (Lutz).

Hwmagogus leucomelas Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 47, 66, 1904,
Stecogonops leucomelas Lutz, Imprensa Medica, 1905, 101, 1905.
Hwmagogus leucomelas Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 551, 1907.
Stegoconops leucomelas Peryassd, Os Culic. do Brazil, 169, 1908.
Hwmagogus leucomelas Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 493, 1910.
Stegoconops leucomelas Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 606, 1910.

Original Description of Stegoconops leucomelas:

FEMEA: Comprimento total 4.5 mm., menos a tromba que mede 2 mm.

Tromba — Muito delgada e de grossura igual em todo o comprimento, preta com o
apex dos labellos um pouco amarellado, coberta de escamas muito appostas, pretas,
com brilho azul escuro; na haste e nos labellos s6 ha pellos muito curtos e linos;
apenas na raiz, do lado de baixo, ha alguns pellos maiores.

Palpos — Geralmente um tanto erectos, com escamas de azul metallico muito
escuro, e pellos pretos.

Clypeus — Preto com brilho branco.

Frons e vertex anterior com algumas escamas estreitas, compridas e curvadas e
alguns pellos inclinados para diante; ambos dourados.

Antennas — Os tori pretos, com brilho branco, mostrando no lado interno pequenas
escamas e pellos finos e curtos; o flagello 6 preto com anneis brancos nas articu-
lacoes; algumas escamas espatuladas escuras na base, principalmente do lado in-
terno; os verticillos sao pouco visiveis, sendo formados por pellos finos e escuros.

Occiput — Coberto de escamas chatas, obovaes ou espatuladas, imbricadas e diri-
gidas para diante; formam no meio uma large faxa branco-nacarada, principiando
no vertex, na altura das margens posteriores dos tori e terminando na cervix, de
modo a deixar lugar a uma colleira geralmente pouco visivel, formada por escamas
erectas e bifurcadas, de cor escura; ao lado da faxa branca ha escamas de azul
metallico escuro, as quaes nas regioes lateraes e mental sao substituidas por outras
branco-nacaradas, sendo a linha de separacao obliqua.

AEDES LEUCOMELAS

811

Lobulos prothoracicos — Com fundo e pellos pretos, coberto de escamas branco-
nacaradas, iguaes as do occiput, que se extendem sobre as coxas do 1? par, tormando
uma faxa branca; parallelas a esta ha sobre as pleuras e coxa? dos pares posteriores
outras duas faxas brancas, verticaes sobre o eixo do thorax e separadas por estrias
pretas; estas tres faxas sao muito caracteristicas e distinguem a especie de todas
as outras, conhecidas e encontradas entre n6s.

Mesonotum — Na linha mediana ha algumas escamas brancas no apex do thorax e
no scutellum; no resto o fundo preto 6 coberto de escamas muito escuras, fusiformes
ou obovaes alongadas; encontram-se tambem no scutellum que tern no lobo medio
4 pellos compridos e outros poucos nos lobos lateraes; e coberto de escamas obovaes.

Metanotum — Preto com brilho alvacento.

Abdomen — Em cima o fundo ochraceo e coberto de escamas com brilho azul, que
sao separadas em baixo e dos lados por cintas basaes branco-nacaradas; estas sao
interrompidas no meio e nas membranas lateraes: nos ultimos segmentos podem
estender-se ate na face dorsal; o abdomen & lateralmente comprimido, assumindo
uma forma prismatica, sendo uma face formada pelo piano dorsal; os apices dos
segmentos 7, 8 e 9 sao salientes em baixo, na linha mediana, de modo a formar uma
escada; ha muitos pellos dourados-pallidos, distribuidos irregularmente sobre todos
os segmentos e mais abundantes no 1? e nas margens apicaes dos outros.

Pernas — Escuras, cobertas com escamas de brilho metallico azul e roxo escuro e
espinhos espacados, tambem escuros; no ultimo par ha muitas escamas alongadas
e um pouco salientes, principalmente do lado interno do apex da tibia e da base do
metatarso; os quatro femora anteriores lateralmente comprimidos, com algumas
escamas pallidas, ligeiramente douradas na metade basal e inferior; no ultimo par
a base e a maior parte do lado inferior sao de cor ochracea com escamas bancas;
no par medio ha uma inancha branca no apex do femur e no llmite do segundo e
ultimo tergo, ambos situados na face anterior e mais uma igual no lado de diante do
apex do femur posterior.

Unhas dos quatro pes anteriores maiores e com um dente na base; os ultimos
menores e inernes.

Azas — Na base da costa e das primeiras nervuras longituninaes predominam
escamas curtas, largas e espatuladas, de cor mais escura com reflexos azues e roxos;
no resto das azas predominam escamas cinzentas, parecidas com as observadas no
genero culex; primeira cellula forqueada muito maior, a segunda quasi igual ao
pedunculo cor respondents ; veias a e b encontram-se em angulo obtuso aberto para
a base, da qual c se approxima por cerca de 2 vezes o seu comprimento.

Halteres— Ochraceos; o capitulo com escamas geralmente escuras, substituidas
por branco nacarado na face terminal.

0 macho distingue-se pelas antennas muito plumosas, tendo os dois ultimos
articulos compridos e os pellos maiores escuros com brilho alvacento.

Os palpos compridos e finos, um pouco menores que as trombas, tem o 1? articulo
muito curto e os outros de tamanho variavel, augmentam em comprimento segundo
a ordem — 5? 4? 3?; a cor e escura com um pouco de brilho azulado; nao ha tufos, mas
apenas pellos finos espacados e pouco maiores no 3? e 4? articulo.

Unhas anteriores desiguaes e bastante grandes, com dentes na base.

NOTA. — Esta especie silvestre foi encontrada nos estados de S. Paulo e Rio de
Janeiro, principalmente nas serras ate uma elevacao de 1500 metros.

Apresenta afflnidades com Carrollia e Haemagogus; de stegomyia, a qual se
approxima, distingus-se mormente pela conformagao do abdomen.

Description of Female and Male of Aedes leucomelas (Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis long and rather slender, cylindrical, labellae comically
tapered; vestiture blue-black; setae minute, curved, black, those on labellae more
prominently outstanding. Palpi small, about one-eighth the length of the
proboscis; vestiture blue-black; setae moderate, stiff. Antennae filiform, slender,
the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, brown ; second joint somewhat thickened
apically ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, blackish ; hairs
of whorls sparse, rather long. Clypeus roundedly triangular, depressed, black,
shining, nude. Eyes well separated in front, black. Occiput clothed entirely
with broad, flat triangular scales, black with a blue reflection, silvery-white in
a narrow median dorsal line, along margins of eyes and on sides below ; the
silvery-white scales continued forward between the eyes; some forked erect
black scales far back on nape ; setae along margins of eyes black, the median ones
lacking.

812

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, prominent, separated dorsally by tbeir own width,
black, clothed with silvery-white scales and coarse black bristles, apical angles
with violet-black scales. Mesonotum black, clothed with narrow, elliptical, blue-
black scales and a narrow mid-dorsal line of broader silvery-white scales, the line
continued over the antescutellar space; a silvery-white patch below anterior
angles and one at margins before roots of wings, continuous with pleural
vestiture. Scutellum trilobate, with black scales except on the middle lobe on
which the white mesonotal stripe is continued ; each lobe with a small group of
dark brown bristles. Postnotum short, elliptical, blackish brown, shining,
nude. Pleurae and coxae black-brown, clothed with patches of silvery-white
scales and rows of dark bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, slightly tapering posteriorly, ventrally
produced into a median longitudinal ridge and with the sixth and seventh seg-
ments apically expanded, eighth segment small; dorsal vestiture black with a
violet-blue reflection, a series of large, lateral, triangular silvery-white patches,
those on last four segments dorsally produced, nearly joining medianly on the
sixth, and joining on the seventh and eighth segments to form subbasal bands ;
first segment with black scales and fine pale hairs ; venter with basal half of seg-
ments silvery-white, apical half black, last segment entirely black.

Wings rather narrow, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell half as long
as its cell, that of second posterior cell longer than its cell ; basal cross-vein more
than its own length distant from anterior cross-vein ; scales deep brown, bluish
along eosta, small and narrow, the outstanding ones narrowly ligulate, denser
on second vein and broader towards tip of wing. Halteres luteous, with black,
white scaled knobs.

Legs slender, rather long; vestiture blue-black, slightly outstanding at ends
of tibiae ; front femora entirely dark scaled ; mid femora white beneath on basal
two-thirds, expanded at that point to nearly encircle femur, apices broadly
silvery-white; hind femora pale beneath and on outer side to apical fourth,
apically broadly silvery-white scaled ; knees of front legs narrowly white scaled.
Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Male. — This sex is not represented in the National Museum. Dr. Peryassii
says that the antennae are very plumose, the last two joints long ; the palpi are
black, long, and slender, slightly shorter than the proboscis, with some
scattered long hairs on the outer portion; the claws of the front and middle
tarsi are unidentate, those of the hind simple.

Dr. Peryassii found the larvae in a tin, associated with Limatus durhamii
and Aedes calopus. Dr. Lutz collected them in bamboo, Mr. TJrich and Mr.
Jennings from tree-holes, but unfortunately neither obtained a larval skin.

Forested regions of tropical America.

Alhajuela, Chagres Eiver, Canal Zone, Panama, March 18, 1909, larvae asso-
ciated with Aedes thorntoni (A. H. Jennings) ; Caidera Island, Porto Bello Bay,
Panama, May 23, 1908 (R. L. Turner) ; Trinidad, June 6, 1906 (F. W.
TJrich) ; Rio Charape, Peru, September 18, 1911 (C. H. T. Townsend). Also
reported from the States of Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Geraes, Brazil
(Lutz, Peryassii).

AEDES PODOGRAPHICUS Dyar & Knab.

Aedes insolita Dyar & Knab (not Coquillett), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 203, 1906.
Aedes insolita Dyar (not Coquillett), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., viii, 16, 1906.
Verrallina insolita Coquillett (in part, not Coquillett), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent,

Tech. Ser. 11, 17, 1906.
Aedes podographicus Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 165, 1906.
Aedes podographicus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 484, 1910.

AEDES PODOGRAPHICUS

813

Original Description of Aedes podographicus:

J\ Thoracic ornamentation similar to the $. Thorax black, silvery scaled on the
sides before the wings. 5. First joint of middle tarsi white, a black spot at the
middle, not black, white at the ends.

This is the Central American form referred to by us as Aedes insolita Coquillett
under Mr. Coquillett's determination (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 203, 1906), but it
appears from a nice bred series sent us by Mr. F. W. Urich, that insolita (which was
described from Trinidad) is the female of the species of which Verrallina laternaria
Coquillett is the male, the sexes being dimorphic. The species will be known as
insolita Coquillett. In podographicus the sexes are monomorphic.

The larvae were separated by us on the shape of the antennae; but as this
character is rather indefinite, it will be better to change the table, omitting the
dichotomy 40, placing podographicus with insolita under 44, and separate them by
the shape of the pecten of the air tube as shown in our figures 17 and 20, figure 17
representing insolita and figure 20, podographicus.

Localities as given by us under Aedes insolita (Verralina insolita Dyar & Knab,
not Coquillett). Sonsonate, Salvador may be considered the type locality.

Type— Cat. No. 10,016, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes podographicus:

Female. — Proboscis rather long, subcylindrical, uniform; labellae conically
tapered ; vestiture black ; setae short, curved, black, those on labellae more
prominently outstanding. Palpi short, about one-fourth as long as the pro-
boscis, rather slender; vestiture black, setae moderate. Antennae filiform, the
joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black, pale at base; second joint somewhat
thickened towards middle; tori subspherical with a cup-shaped apical excava-
tion, blackish; hairs of whorls moderate, sparse, black. Clypeus rounded tri-
angular, convex, blackish-brown, shining, nude. Eyes black. Occiput blackish,
clothed medianly with rather broad curved scales, broader fat ones on the sides,
dark brown, a line of silvery-white ones along margins of eyes and on the cheeks
white ; many erect forked black scales on the nape ; setae along margins of eyes
black, some pale ones projecting between eyes.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, blackish, with broad silvery
scales and brownish-black bristles. Mesonotum dark brown, clothed with
narrow, curved, bronzy-brown scales, a large angular patch of silvery-white
much broader scales on anterior half of lateral areas, broadening posteriorly and
squarely terminated ; a small silvery spot on margins in front of insertions of
wings, some pale scales about antescutellar space ; bristles over roots of wings
and about antescutellar space long, brown. Scutellum trilobate, blackish, each
lobe clothed with narrow, curved, silvery-white scales and with a group of brown-
ish yellow bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, blackish brown, nude.
Pleurae black, coxae brownish luteous, clothed with patches of elliptical silvery-
white scales and rows of pale bristles, a large silvery-white patch on anterior
angles continuous with that on dorsum.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, tapering posteriorly, sixth and seventh
segments apically expanded beneath ; dorsal vestiture purplish-black, a row of
lateral, basal, segmental silvery-white patches, extending to or beyond middle of
segments, their apical angles dorsally produced; first segment purplish black
scaled and with many fine pale hairs ; venter black scaled, banded with silvery
white at bases of segments. Cerci black.

Wings rather broad, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell much shorter
than its cell, that of second posterior cell also slightly shorter than its cell ; basal
cross-vein distant more than its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales
deep brown, with a bluish reflection along the costa, the outstanding ones of
veins ligulate, denser toward tip of wing. Halteres whitish, with darker knobs.

Legs rather long and slender; vestiture blue-black; femora beneath on basal
half silvery white, tips also narrowly white beneath ; middle femora narrowly,

814

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

hind ones broadly silver tipped ; fore tarsi with minute white spots at bases of
first and second joints and apex of first ; mid tarsi with first joint white, broadly
ringed with black before middle, second joint white on basal half; hind tarsi
with apical third of first joint and basal two-fifths of second joint white. Claw
formula, 1.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Male. — Proboscis moderately long and slender, straight, violet-black scaled.
Palpi as long as the proboscis ; end of long joint somewhat thickened, the last
two joints rather short, slender, but slightly thickened ; terminal hairs moderate,
rather sparse, black ; vestiture blackish throughout. Antennae plumose, the last
two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others short, sordid-
luteous, ringed with black at insertions of hair- whorls; hairs of whorls long,
dense, brownish-black. Coloration similar to the female ; antero-lateral silvery-
white patches of mesonotum larger and fused with ante-alar ones. Abdomen
elongate, subcylindrical, ventrally produced into a keel, the sixth and seventh
segments apically expanded beneath; lateral ciliation short, rather sparse and
irregular, dull luteous; eighth segment with silvery-white basal band above.
Wings narrower than in the female, the stems of the fork-cells longer, the
vestiture less abundant. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 32, fig. 216) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide,
rounded at tips, apical and basal lobes absent. Clasp-filament small, slender,
with an articulated terminal spine half as long as filament. Harpes elliptical,
concave, inner margin revolute, tip pointed and recurved. Harpagones with
a columnar base bearing a terminal, articulated, long, narrowly ligulate fila-
ment. Unci approximate, revolute, forming a large basal cylinder. Basal
appendages very short, bearing five spines.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 121, fig. 420). — Head rounded, slightly narrowed be-
fore eyes, a slight notch at insertion of antennas, front margin broadly arcuate.
Antenna? moderate, slender, cylindrical, slightly curved, very slightly spined,
almost smooth; a single hair near middle; two long spines, two short ones, and
an apical digit. Eyes large, pointed. Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single,
ante-antennal tuft multiple. Mental plate triangular, with a central tooth and
eleven on each side, basal ones slightly more remote. Mandible quadrangular,
elongate, with short basal spines ; two filaments before tip ; an outer row of cilia
from a collar; outer margin very oblique, with a row of filaments near the collar ;
dentition of four teeth on a process, the first longest ; two spines before, three
teeth at base, a broad filament and six slender ones within ; process below
slender, furcate, upper limb thick and rounded with a long hair-tuft at tip,
lower limb slender ; a row of hairs from base of incision to below the dentition ;
basal angle sharp; a row of hairs within; a row of hairs at base. Maxilla
rounded quadrate, elongate, divided by a suture ; inner half with a row of sharp
spines on the edge and a median oblique row of cilia, a hair-tuft at tip ; outer
half with a pair of filaments about the middle, arising from a process which
overlaps the suture ; palpus small, with the terminal digits irregular. Thorax
rounded, wider than long; subdorsal prothoracic hairs multiple. Abdomen
moderate, anterior segments shorter; lateral hairs of first segment multiple,
double on second to sixth. Air-tube stout, tapering outwardly, about two and a
half times as long as wide; pecten evenly spaced, running beyond middle of
tube, followed by a single tuft of three hairs ; single pecten-tooth a long spine
with a short basal branch. Lateral comb of eighth segment of many scales in a
triangular patch; single scale elongate, conical, smooth. Anal segment about
as long as wide, with a dorsal plate reaching well down the sides, narrowly in-

AEDES OSWALDI

815

dented on lateral margins ; dorsal tuft a hair and brush on each side ; a lateral
tuft of four hairs at hind angle of plate ; ventral brush well developed ; anal
gills moderate, ensiform, a little longer than the segment.

The larvae live in the water in tree-holes. Mr. Knab found them in water in
a hollow place between the main branches of a mango tree, in a tree a foot in
diameter with a small hole containing dark water like coffee in color, in a hole
between two diverging trunks of a tree nearly level with the ground, in a hole
in a small tree on the bank of a river, holes in the roots of a large tree and in a
tree with a hollow formed by a division of the trunk.

West coast region of Mexico and Central America.

Las Pehas, State of Jalisco, Mexico (A. Duges) ; Tehuantepec, State of
Oaxaca, Mexico, July 1, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Salina Cruz, State of Oaxaca,
Mexico, July 15, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Almoloya, State of Oaxaca, Mexico, July
22, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Sonsonate, Salvador, August 18, 1905 (F. Knab); Laa
Loras, near Puntarenas, Costa Rica, September 9, 1905 (F. Knab).

Aedes podographicus is closely related to Aides oswaldi and A. thorntoni,
the three species being separable on minor characters. The species before us
does not show the well-marked sexual dimorphism in the thoracic coloration
which is so conspicuous in Aedes oswaldi.

AEDES OSWALDI (Lutz).

Oualteria osicaldi (nomen nudum), Lutz in Bourroul, Mosquitos do Brasil, 47, 1904.
Hcemagogus oswaldi Lutz, in Bourroul, Mosquitos do Brasil, 66, 1904.
Oualteria osivaldi Lutz, Imprensa Medica, 25 Feb. 1905, 65, 1905.
Oualteria oswaldi Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 633, 1905.
Verrallina insolita Coquillett, Can. Ent., xxxviii, 62, 1906.
Verrallina laternaria Coquillett, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 184, 1906.
Aedes laternaria Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 202, 1906.
Aedes laternaria Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., viii, 17, 1906.
Hwmagogus oswaldi Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 166, 1906.
Verrallina insolita Coquillett (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech. Ser. 11,
17, 1906.

Verrallina laternaria Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 17, 1906.

Oualteria oswaldi Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 552, 1907.

Oualteria osicaldoi Peryassu, Os Culicideos do Brazil, 45, 64, 177, 1908.

Oualteria oswaldi Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 606, 1910.

Verrallina (?) insolita Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 496, 1910.

Verrallina (?) laternaria Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 496, 1910.

Original Desceiption of Gualteria oswaldi:

(FEMEA) : Comprimento total 5 a 6 mm., sem a tromba que mede 3 mm.

Tromba — Escura, com brilho azul, bastante comprida, do tamanho do abdomen,
linear, entumescida no apex, com muitos pellos curtos.

Clypeus— Castanho escuro, com brilho esbranquigado.

Antennas — Tori castanho claro, ennegrecidos do lado interno onde ha pellos
pequenos e curtos; flagellos compridos, quasi do tamanho da tromba, com verticillos
escuros, pellos menores alvacentos e anneis articulares brancos.

Palpos — Cinco articulos, (o ultimo muito pequeno), cobertos de escamas escuras
com brilho azul.

Occiput — Escamas fusiformes curvas, estreitas, de cor creme na margem dos
olhos e na linha mediana; ao lado d'esta sao mais largas, cor de bronze escuro; nas
regi5es lateraes e mental ha escamas chatas branco-nacaradas; no meio do occiput
e no cervix ha tambem muitas escamas erectas, compridas e estreitas, com a ponta
bifurcada, cor de ouro.

Lobulos prothoracicos — Pellos amarellos sobre fundo castanho escuro; dos lados
ha escamas chatas, obovaes e branco nacaradas.

Mesonotum — Fundo castanho ennegrecido, no meio com escamas fusiformes,
estreitas, compridas e curvadas, de cor dourada e bronzeada; para traz tornam-se de
cor creme e para os lados sao substitudias por outras mais largas e branco-nacaradas.

Pleuras — Escamas espatuladas, branco-nacaradas sobre fundo castanho escuro,
formando nas pleuras e coxae cerca de 9 grupos, apparecendo como pequenas
manchas prateadas, de forma variavel.

816

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Scutellum — As escamas sao muito caducas, eguaes as do thorax; ha outraa escuras
e espatuladas; o lobo medio com 4 pellos compridos sub-terminaes.
Metanotum — Escuro, brilhante, quasi preto no meio.

Abdomen — Achatado em cima e lateralmente comprimido na porcao apical, com
tres saliencias em baixo, formadas pelas margens apicaes dilatadas do 5!, 6!, e 7?
segmentos; cobertos de escamas mais compridas e numerosos pellos amarellos; a
regiao dorsal tern o fundo preto, densamente coberto por escamas escuras, chatas e
imbricadas, com reflexos azues e esverdeados; em baixo ha escamas eguaes, sendo,
porem, os dois primeiros segmentos brancos e os outros marcados com cintas basaes
brancas; nos segmentos 6, 7 e 8 continuam-se em manchas brancas lateraes; o 8?
segmento € muito mais estreito, destituido de escamas na parte apical e ventral,
onde apparece o fundo amarellado; o ultimo segmento 6 muito miudo, geralmente
quasi escondido.

Pernas — Sao de cor escura, com brilho azulado e bronzeado e com algumas cintas
esbranquigadas, que sao situadas do seguinte modo: no primeiro par ha anneis
na base do metatarso e do primeiro tarso; no segundo, na base e no apex do me-
tatarso e na base do primeiro tarso; esta longa cinta 6 interrompida por espinhos
pretos e algumas escamas escuras no apex do metatarso, formando macroscopica-
mente uma linha preta; no terceiro par ha escamas brancas no base do metatarso
e cintas brancas no apex d'este e na base do primeiro tarso, separadas por espinhos
e escamas escuras; todos os joelhos sao marcados de branco, o que se percebe pouco
no primeiro par; no segundo e terceiro o femur tern uma cinta apical branca: nos
pares anteriores o femur 6 lateralmente achatado e curvado sendo a parte basal
branca em baixo; no terceiro par a metade basal e branca tanto em cima como em
baixo. As unhas sao finas, bastante compridas, principalmente nos dois primeiros
pares.

Azas — Bastante escuras, com escamas lateraes cinzentas parecidas as do culex;
na base da costa ha algumas mais largas, de c6r branca: a primeira cellula forque-
ada, duas vezes maior que o pedunculo, 6 bastante maior do que a segunda; esta 6
mais ou menos egual ao seu pedunculo; as veias tranversaes a e b encontram-se em
angulo muito obtuso, aberto para a base da aza, da qual c se approxima por quasi
duas vezes o seu comprimento.

Halteres — Amarellos, com escamas brancas, mais escuras na face terminal do
capitulo.

Nota. — Esta especie silvestre e hematophaga foi encontrada nos estados do Rio
de Janeiro, Minas e S Paulo, at6 uma altura de 1500 metros e geralmente em pequeno
numero. Dedico-a ao Dr. Oswaldo Cruz, actualmente director do Servico Sanitario
do Rio de Janeiro, de quern recebi o primeiro exemplar desta nova especie. O culex
terrens de Walker considerado stegomyia por Theobald, talvez tenha de entrar
neste genero, mas nao pode ser identiflcado a nossa especie. O genero Gualteria, 6
dedicado ao major Walter Reed ao qual se deve em grande parte a prova da
transmissao da febre amarella pela stegomyia fasciata. E' bastante caracterisado
pela conformacao das escamas do occiput, thorax e das azas e pelos caracteres do
abdomen, mas falta o conhecimento do macho para se ter difinigao completa.

Original Description of Verrallina insolita:

Proboscis and palpi black scaled, occiput white scaled around the edge, yellow
scaled in the centre, and with a pair of black scaled spots on the upper half. Thorax
black scaled in the middle, the sides in front of the wings broadly, and spots on the
pleura, white scaled. Abdomen black scaled, with a tinge of purple, middle of
venter, except on the broad apices of the last four segments, white scaled, extending
outwardly considerably on these segments. Legs black scaled, the under side of the
front and middle femora towards the base, and the whole of the hind femora except
the base and a broad band beyond the middle, white scaled; narrow bases of first
three joints of the front and middle tarsi, both ends of the first joint and base of
the second joint of the hind tarsi white scaled; claws of the front and middle tarsi
toothed, those of the hind ones simple. Wings hyaline, the scales brown. Length
nearly 4 mm.

Trinidad, West Indies. A female collected by Mr. F. W. Urich. Type No. 9142,
U. S. National Museum.

Original Description of Verrallina laternaria:

Scales of proboscis black, palpi of male about as long as the proboscis, their
hairs and scales black; occiput densely white-scaled and with a patch of black ones
each side. Mesonotum densely covered with white scales, its bristles and those
of the scutellum yellow. Abdomen black-scaled, a patch of white scales in the front
angles of each segment, largest on the last three segments. Legs black-scaled, the
apices of the middle femora and whole of the hind ones, except the base and a band

AEDES OSWALDI

817

before the apex, white-scaled; both ends of the first joint of the middle and hind
tarsi, covering nearly the entire joint on the middle tarsi, and base of the second
joint, white-scaled; claws of front and middle tarsi with one tooth under one of the
claws, none under the other, claws of hind tarsi simple. Wing-scales brown.
Length 3.5 mm.

Trinidad, West Indies. Five males collected by Mr. August Busck.
Type. — No. 8290, U. S. National Museum.

The genus Verrallina Theobald was founded on female specimens only and was
referred by its author to the subfamily Aedeomyinse, but the present species clearly
belongs to the Culicinse.

Description of Female, Male, and Laeva of Aedes oswaldi:

Female. — Proboscis rather long, slender, subcylindrical, uniform ; labellse
conically tapered; vestiture black; seta? short, curved, black, those on labella?
more prominently outstanding. Palpi short, about one-fifth as long as the
proboscis, rather slender; vestiture, black, the seta? moderate. Antennas fili-
form, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black; tori subspherical with a cup-
shaped apical excavation, brown ; hairs of whorls moderate, sparse, black.
Clypeus rounded, triangular, depressed, blackish-brown, nude. Eyes black.
Occiput blackish, clothed with rather broad, curved scales, broader flat ones on
the sides, silvery white, a small black patch well up the sides near eye-margin,
many erect forked pale scales on the nape; setae along margins of eyes black,
those projecting between eyes pale.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, blackish, with broad silvery
scales and brownish-black bristles. Mesonotum dark brown, clothed with
narrow, curved dark bronzy-brown scales, anterior halves of lateral areas
covered by large patches of silvery-white broader scales which are divided by a
narrow median stripe and narrowly continued along margins to roots of wings;
a very narrow median white line between the humeral patches. Scutellum trilo-
bate, blackish, clothed with narrow curved dark brown scales, each lobe with a
group of brownish-black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, blackish
brown, nude. Pleurae black, coxae brownish luteous, clothed with patches of
elliptical silvery white scales and rows of dark bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened anteriorly, tapering and compressed pos-
teriorly, the venter with a median ridge and with the fifth, sixth and seventh
segments apically expanded ; dorsal vestiture violet-black, a row of lateral, seg-
mental, basal silvery-white patches, their dorso-apical angles near middles of
segments; venter black-scaled, banded with silvery white at bases of segments.
Cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell shorter than its
cell, that of second posterior cell also slightly shorter than its cell ; basal cross-
vein distant more than its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales dull
brown, costa with a bluish reflection, a line of silvery scales at base extending
about one-seventh the wing-length ; the outstanding scales of veins narrowly
ligulate, those on forks of second vein dense and broader. Halteres whitish.

Legs slender, rather long; vestiture violet-black; front and mid femora with
a silvery-white line beneath except at extreme base and apical third, mid pair
silvery-white at apices; hind femora white, with a narrow black ring near base
and a broad one near apex, the apex broadly silvery-white; fore tarsi with a
minute white spot at base and tip of first and at base of second joint; mid
tarsi with the first joint white, very broadly ringed with black mesially, the
6econd joint white on basal third ; hind tarsi with apical fourth of first joint
and basal third of second joint white, a white spot at base of first joint. Claw
formula, 1.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

818

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Male. — Proboscis straight, long and slender, bronzy-black scaled. Palpi
nearly as long as the proboscis ; end of long joint and last two joints slender,
but slightly thickened and with the hairs moderate, rather sparse, black ; vesti-
ture bronzy-black. Antennae plumose, the last two joints long and slender,
rugose, pilose, black, the others short, sordid-luteous, ringed with black at
insertions of hair-whorls ; hairs of whorls long, abundant, dark brown. Colora-
tion similar to the female. Occiput entirely silvery-white scaled. Mesonotum
completely overspread with silvery white, except at posterior end where there are
traces of brown scales. Abdomen elongate, depressed, with a median dorsal
ridge which fades out posteriorly ; lateral silvery-white spots of fifth, sixth and
seventh segments on dorsal surface; eighth segment dorsally silver-scaled;
lateral ciliation rather short, coarse, pale. Wings narrower than in the female,
the stems of the fork-cells longer, the vestiture less abundant. Claw formula,
2.1-2.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Genitalia (plate 33, fig. 221) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, rounded
at tips, apical lobe absent, basal lobe a rounded area bearing numerous set*
with tubercular bases. Clasp-filament small, slender, with an articulated
terminal spine half as long as the filament. Harpes elliptical, concave, inner
margin revolute, tip pointed and recurved. Harpagones with a short columnar
base bearing a long fine seta near tip and a terminal articulated long narrowly
ligulate filament. "Unci approximate, revolute, forming a large basal cylinder.
Basal appendages very short, bearing three rather long spines.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 119, fig. 409). — Head rounded, widest through eyes,
narrowed before, a notch at insertion of antennas, front margin arcuate. An-
tennae moderate, slender, with a few small spines and a single hair before middle ;
a long and a short subapical spine, two moderate apical ones and a digit on a
pedicel. Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs double, ante-antennal tuft multiple.
Mental plate triangular, with a central tooth and ten on each side, the two basal
ones small and remote. Mandible quadrangular, with a few spines at base;
two filaments before tip ; an outer row of cilia from a collar ; a row of filaments
on outer margin and a row of fine obscure hairs from coincident bases ; dentition
of four teeth on a long process, first and third slightly longer ; a long spine and
a short one before, a broad filament and a row of serrate hairs within ; process
below widely furcate, with a row of hairs down the middle extending below the
dentition and a tuft at the tip of each limb ; basal angle moderate, with a row
of stout hairs within; a row of hairs at base. Maxilla elliptical, divided by a
suture ; inner half roundedly protuberant, with a double row of teeth on margin,
long at apex and diminishing at base, a large patch of hairs within and a row
of cilia near the suture, a row of long hairs at tip ; outer half with two articu-
lated filaments near middle, a small spine at apex and a few hairs toward base of
palpus; palpus short and stout, with four rudimentary apical digits. Thorax
rounded, wider than long. Abdomen moderate, the anterior segments shorter;
lateral hairs in fives on first segment, in threes on second, in twos on third to
sixth; subdorsal and ventral hairs in stellate tufts. Air-tube stout, tapered,
about three times as long as wide; pecten reaching to the middle, the single
tooth a long spine with a stout basal branch and one or two short serrations ;
a single small tuft of about five hairs beyond the pecten. Lateral comb of
eighth segment of many scales in a triangular patch; single scale elongate,
blunt, evenly fringed with spinules. Anal segment longer than wide, with a
dorsal plate reaching well down the sides, shallowly emarginate on lateral
margin; dorsal tuft a long hair and brush on each side; a lateral tuft of five
long hairs; ventral brush well developed, with a few tufts preceding the barred
area; anal gills about as long as the segment, roundedly tapered.

AEDES THORNTONI

819

The larvae live in the water in holes in trees. Mr. Knab got them in a mango-
tree in company with those of Culex conslernator. Lutz states that the female
sucks blood.

Tropical America; Mexico to South America east of the Cordilleras.

Cordoba, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, March 7, 1908 (F. Knab) ; Montserrat,
Trinidad, June 29, 1905 (A. Busck) ; Trinidad, November 18, 1905 (F. W.
Urich) ; Corentyne Eiver, Dutch Guiana (J. Aiken). Eeported also from
States of Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo and Minas Geraes, Brazil (Lutz,
Peryassu).

Aedes oswaldi, with A. podographiais and A. thorntoni, form a group of
closely allied species, the larvae of all of which inhabit hollow trees. The present
species is remarkable in the striking sexual dimorphism in the thoracic orna-
mentation, which led Coquillett to describe the opposite sexes under different
names.

AEDES THORNTONI Dyar & Knab.

Aedes thorntoni Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 10, 1907.

Aedes insolita Busck (not Coquillett), Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., Hi, 64, 1908.

Aedes thorntoni Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 485, 1910.

Original Description of Aedes thobntoni:

Proboscis and palpi black; head behind the eyes dark with a purplish luster, the
margin of the eyes silvery, broadened at the sides; thorax violaceous black, the
anterior portion silvery white for nearly half with a dark indentation at the middle;
two small silvery spots near the hind margin. Abdomen above and beneath vio-
laceous black, each segment with narrow silvery transverse bands below. Pleura
silvery scaled. Fore legs deep black, first and second tarsal joints narrowly white
at base; middle legs black, the femora marked with silver on the under side for
about two-thirds the length, not attaining the base, apex silvery, base and tip of the
first tarsal joint and base of the second broadly white; hind femora white, a black
ring close to the base and another towards the apex, tibiae black, first tarsal joint
white-ringed at base and apex, second joint white-ringed at base. Tarsal claw
formula of the female 1.1-1.1-0.0.

7 specimens, Bluefields, Nicaragua (W. F. Thornton).

Nearly allied to Aedes insolita Coquillett and Aides podographicus Dyar & Knab,
but differing from both in the details of the markings.
Type.— Cat. no. 10143, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes thorntoni:

Female. — Proboscis slender, rather long, subcylindrical, uniform, labellae
conically tapered ; vestiture black ; setae short, curved, black, those on labella?
more prominently outstanding. Palpi short, about one-fifth as long as the
proboscis, rather slender; vestiture black, setae moderate. Antennas filiform, the
joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical
excavation, blackish ; hairs of whorls moderate, sparse, black. Clypeus rounded
triangular, depressed, blackish-brown, nude. Eyes black. Occiput blackish,
clothed with rather broad curved scales, broader flat ones on the sides, black,
margins of eyes narrowly silvery-white, lower part of sides silvery-white, many
erect, forked, black scales on the nape ; bristles along margins of eyes and those
projecting between eyes pale.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, blackish, with broad silvery-white
scales and brownish black bristles. Mesonotum dark brown, clothed with narrow
curved dark bronzy-brown scales, anterior halves with extensive lateral patches
of silvery-white broader scales, broadened and joined over the anterior mar-
gin, their posterior margins forming two rounded lobes which do not extend
to roots of wings. Scutellum trilobate, middle lobe large and prominent, the
side lobes small, blackish, clothed with narrow curved dark brown scales, each
lobe with a group of brownish-black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent,

820

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

blackish-brown, nude. Pleurae brown, coxae luteous, clothed with patches of
elliptical silvery-white scales and rows of dark bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened anteriorly, tapering and compressed pos-
teriorly, the venter with a median ridge and with the fifth, sixth and seventh
segments apically expanded; dorsal vestiture bluish-black, a row of lateral,
basal, quadrangular, segmental silvery-white patches; venter black -scaled,
banded with white at bases of segments. Cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell shorter than its
cell, that of second posterior cell also slightly shorter than its cell ; basal cross-
vein distant more than its own length from anterior cross- vein; scales dull
brown, costa with a bluish reflection, a short narrow line of white scales at its
base, outstanding scales of veins narrowly ligulate, dense and slightly broader
on second vein. Halteres whitish.

Legs slender, rather long; vestiture violet-black; fore femora black-scaled
throughout ; mid femora beneath broadly silvery white on basal three-fourths,
tips rather broadly ringed with white ; hind femora with a black ring at base
and before tip; fore tarsi with a minute white spot at base of first joint; mid
tarsi with first joint black, ringed with white at base and apex, second joint
white on basal third ; hind tarsi with base and apical fourth of first joint and
basal third of second joint white-ringed. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 3.5 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, rather slender, black scaled. Palpi slightly
shorter than the proboscis, slender ; apex of long joint and two last joints slightly
thickened and rather sparsely clothed with long black hairs; vestiture black,
somewhat roughened. Antenna? plumose, the last two joints long and slender,
rugose, pilose, black, the others short, sordid luteous, ringed with black at in-
sertions of hair-whorls; hairs of whorls long, dense, dark brown. Coloration
similar to female. Occiput silver-scaled, with two small, dark subdorsal spots
anteriorly. Mesonotum silver-scaled on anterior three-fifths, the hind margin
of silvery area transverse, uninterrupted. Abdomen elongate, subcylindrical,
the fifth, sixth and seventh segments apically expanded beneath; eighth seg-
ment dorsally silver-scaled, with black apical margin; lateral ciliation mod-
erate, coarse, pale yellowish. Wings narrower than in the female, the stems
of the fork-cells longer, the vestiture less abundant. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 32, fig. 217) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide,
rounded at tips, apical lobe absent, basal lobe undeveloped. Clasp-filament
small, slender, with an articulated terminal spine half as long as filament.
Harpes elliptical, concave, the inner margin revolute, tip pointed and recurved.
Harpagones with a short columnar base bearing a fine seta near the tip and a
terminal articulated long narrowly ligulate filament. Unci approximate,
revolute, forming a large basal cylinder. Basal appendages very short, bearing
three rather long spines.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 118, fig. 405). — Head rounded, widest through eyes;
antenna? rather long, slender, uniform, smooth, a single hair near middle;
both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single. Body with the skin smooth. Lateral
comb of eighth abdominal segment of many scales in a patch, each scale with
the margin evenly fringed, without differentiated central spine. Air-tube
moderately stout, about three times as long as wide, tapering outwardly ; peeten
of fourteen teeth, reaching nearly to the middle, followed by a single small tuft
of six hairs at a considerable interval. Anal segment longer than wide, with a
dorsal plate reaching well down the sides ; dorsal tuft a long hair and tuft on
each side; lateral tuft small, five-haired; ventral brush well developed, with
smaller tufts before the barred area; anal gills about as long as the segment,
stout, tapering, equal.

AEDES MEDIO VITT ATA

821

The larvae live in the water in hollow trees and in broken bamboo. Mr.
Busck and Mr. Jennings got them in such situations and Mr. Jennings also got
them several times in his bamboo-traps.

Central America.

Bluefields, Nicaragua (W. F. Thornton) ; Chagres Eiver, Panama, May 20,
and June 7, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Caldera Island, Porto Bello Bay, Panama, June
1, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama, July 30, August
14, December 22, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Alhajuela, Chagres River, Canal
Zone, Panama, March 18, 1909 (A. H. Jennings).

AEDES MEDIOVITTATA (Coquillett) Dyar & Knab.

Stegomyia mediovitlata Coquillett, Can. Ent, xxxviii, 60, 1906.
Gymnometopa mediovittata Coquillett, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 183, 1906.
Aedes mediovittata Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 196, 1906.
Aedes mediovittata Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., viii, 15, 1906.

Gymnometopa mediovittata Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 25,
1906.

Aedes mediovittata Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 164, 1906.
Gymnometopa mediovittata Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 210, 1907.
Aedes uncatus Grabham, Can. Ent., xxxix, 25, 1907.

Aedes mediovittata Pazos, Anal. Acad. Cien. med., fis. y nat. Habana, xlv, 418, 1908.
Aedes mediovittata Pazos, San. y Ben., ii, 48, 323, 1909.
Gymnometopa mediovittata Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 219, 1910.
Aedes uncatus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 596, 1910.

Original Description of Stegomyia mediovittata:

Proboscis black, unmarked, palpi black scaled, in the male the bases of the joints
white scaled, in the female only the apices of the joints are white; inner side of
first antennal joint white scaled, scales of occiput black, a median line of white ones,
those on the sides yellow and white. Thorax brown scaled, a median line of white
ones, which is divided into two branches on the posterior fifth of the mesonotum;
on either side of this line is a stripe of dark brown scales, followed by a line of
light yellow scales, which become whitish on the posterior portion of the meso-
notum; a broadly interrupted line of white scales midway between this line and the
insertion of the wing, and a similar line just above this insertion, a spot of white
scales on the humerus, and several similar spots on the pleura; scutellum with a
spot of white scales on each of its three lobes. Abdomen black scaled, with a bluish
reflection, a spot of white ones near base of sides of the last four segments, and a few
white scales at apex of the last segment. Legs black scaled, a line of white ones on
anterior and posterior sides of each femur, a spot above middle of anterior side
of each tibia, the base of the first two joints of the front and middle tarsi and the
base of each joint of the hind ones white scaled; tarsal claws of the female simple,
those of the front and middle tarsi of the male with one tooth under one of the
claws, none under the other, claws of the hind tarsi simple. Wings hyaline, the
scales black. Length about 3 mm.

San Domingo, West Indies. Thirty-four specimens, collected by Mr. August
Busck. Type No. 9138, TJ. S. National Museum.

Original Description of Aedes uncatus:

Close to Stegomyia mediovittata, Coq., from Santo Domingo (Can. Ent., Feb., 19<">6,
p. 60), but the subdorsal thoracic lines are made up of light yellow scales through-
out their whole length. Full-grown larva with six or seven separate comb scales,
each scale with a simple stout curved spine arising from a pear-shaped base. The
larvae of this form, collected from hollow trees, have been sent to me from several
localities near Kingston (Waverley Estate; Constant Spring: woods above Rock-
fort). In all the specimens examined the comb scales had simple spines unlike the
Santo Domingan form, which has trifid spines (Dyar and Knab, Jour. N. Y. Ent.
Soc, xrv, PI. V, fig. 11). I am indebted to Dr. H. G. Dyar for comparing the larvae
and adults of these two species. Bred specimens vary greatly in size, the largest
attaining about 6 mm. in length. The females bite blood without hesitation.

Description of Female, Male, Larva, and Pupa of Aedes mediovittata:

Female. — Proboscis rather long, slender, cylindrical, uniform ; labellaa
conically tapered; vestiture black with a few pure white contrasting scales

822

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

irregularly distributed ; setae minute, curved black, those on labellae more promi-
nently outstanding. Palpi short, about one-fifth as long as the proboscis,
slender; vestiture black, a small white spot in the middle within, tip broadly
white. Antennas filiform, the joints subequal, rugose, black, with long pile;
second joint thickened towards apex ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical
excavation, yellowish, shading to black within, the dark part densely covered
with silvery-white scales; hairs of whorls sparse, long, black, the distal ones
much shorter. Clypeus elongate, rounded triangular with a slight impression
on outer half, dark brown, silvery pruinose. Eyes separated on frons, black.
Occiput dark brown, clothed with rather narrow curved scales in a narrow line
on the vertex, the others broad; color of vestiture yellow-brown shading into
black, a narrow silvery-white stripe in the middle of vertex and extending
forward between eyes to base of antennas, margins of eyes and lower part of sides
silvery-white; a row of erect forked black and golden scales well back on the
nape ; bristles along margins of eyes black.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, brown, similarly colored to sides
of mesonotum with an oblique band of silvery-white scales and with black
bristles. Mesonotum yellowish brown ; vestiture of small narrow curved scales,
dense and deep brown in a median longitudinal stripe on the dorsum, causing
the color to appear dark bronzy-brown, sparse on the sides, the dark median
stripe divided by a narrow silvery line from anterior edge to antescutellar space
and bordered on each side by a narrow golden, occasionally partly or wholly
silvery, subdorsal line running the whole length but interrupted at the middle ;
a small silvery- white patch centrally on lateral area towards outer margin;
sides of antescutellar space and a short line above wing-insertion narrowly
silvered ; a silvery patch before wing-insertion ; setae rather coarse, black. Scu-
tellum trilobate, pale brown, mid lobe clothed with narrow, curved black scales,
each lobe tipped with broad silvery-white scales and bearing a group of black
bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, yellow-brown, nude. Pleura! and
coxae yellowish, clothed with small remote patches of silvery white scales and
with rows of pale bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapered posteriorly, fifth, sixth, and seventh seg-
ments apically expanded beneath; dorsal vestiture black, very narrowly pale-
scaled at bases of third, fourth and fifth segments, a series of large, lateral, basal
segmental silvery patches ; venter with black and luteous scales intermixed, the
dark scales predominating on apical portions of segments ; bristles dark. Cerci
black. In some specimens the silvery lateral spots are ventrally produced on the
fifth, sixth and seventh segments to form subapical bands.

Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell one-third as long
as its cell, that of the second posterior cell somewhat shorter than its cell ; basal
cross- vein more than its own length from anterior cross-vein; scales of veins
blackish-brown, costa with blue-black reflection ; outstanding scales ligulate
with rounded tips, those on forks of second vein dense and much broader.
Halteres yellowish, with blackish knobs.

Legs slender, rather long; vestiture black with a bluish reflection, marked
with silver white; on the front and mid femora the white scales predominate
narrowly beneath, form a line along the under side to near apex and are irregu-
larly scattered over the sides ; hind femora with a narrow line of white scales
to near apex on both outer and inner sides ; knees broadly white-scaled ; tibiae
with a small white patch on under side about one-third from base; a small
white spot at bases of first and second joints of fore and mid tarsi ; hind tarsi
with a broad white ring at base of each joint which in last two covers three-
fourths of joint. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-0.0.

Length: Body about 4 mm.; wing 3.5 mm.

AEDES MEDIO VITTATA

823

Male. — Proboscis straight, long and slender, bronzy-black scaled. Palpi
about as long as the proboscis, slender, the terminal joints long, not enlarged
and with only a few scattered black bristles ; vestiture black, a broad white ring
at base, a narrower one just beyond middle of long joint, a narrow white riug
at bases of the last two joints. Antenna? plumose, the last two joints long and
slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others short, whitish, narrowly ringed with
deep black at insertions of hair-whorls; hairs of whorls long, dense, brown.
Coloration similar to the female. Abdomen elongate, depressed, sixth and
seventh segments laterally broadened ; segments with narrow, dirty-white basal
bands above, silvery lateral spots visible in dorsal view on fifth, sixth and seventh
segments; last segment with a large median patch of silver scales; lateral cilia-
tion short, coarse, irregular, brown ; claspers with a patch of silver scales at their
bases. Wings narrower than in the female, stems of the fork-cells longer,
the vestiture less abundant. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 30, fig. 206) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, tip
conically tapered, apical lobe absent, basal lobe a small swelling bearing fine
setae with tubercular bases, a long spine at extreme base of side-piece. Clasp-
filament short, slightly swollen on apical two-thirds, with a long articulated
terminal spine, over half as long as filament. Harpes elliptical, concave, inner
margin thickened, revolute, tip bent over, tridentate. Harpagones with a long
slender columnar base, curved, pilose, bearing a small seta at middle and an
articulated triangularly spatulate terminal filament. Unci contiguous, revo-
lute, forming a basal cone. Basal appendages small, bearing four terminal
spines.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 124, fig. 432). — Head rounded, hardly narrowing
before eyes, a slight notch at insertion of antenna:, front margin broadly arcuate.
Antennas cylindrical, slender, smooth, a single small hair beyond the middle ;
a long spine at tip, two short ones, a spine and a digit on a pedicel. Eyes small,
rounded. Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single, the anterior pair approximated
and near anterior margin ; ante-antennal tuft of two hairs. Mental plate shortly
triangular, a stout central tooth and ten on each side, the apical ones rounded
and closely set, the basal ones sharp and remote ; base of plate roundedly incised,
almost toothed. Mandible quadrangular, with sharp spines at base; two fila-
ments before tip ; a row of cilia from a collar ; outer margin oblique, with a row
of filaments near the cilia ; dentition of four teeth on a process, the first tooth
long; a spine before, a serrate filament and four narrow ones within, a cleft
tooth at base; process below broadly trifid, the upper lobe angled, middle one
rounded, lower slender, each with a hair-tuft at tip, a row of hairs along the
middle ; basal angle obsolete ; a row of hairs within and another at base. Maxilla
elongate, somewhat truncate, divided by a band-shaped suture; inner half
with a chitinized basal area from which arise four long spines and a row of
shorter ones, two lines of cilia, the marginal one with spinules intermixed, a tuft
of hairs at tip; outer half with a long spine next the hair-tuft, the two articu-
lated digits situated subapieally, a few hairs within ; palpus nearly as long as
the maxilla, slender, with four apical digits, of which one is long. Thorax
rounded, wider than long; hairs abundant, rather long, subdorsal prothoracic
tufts multiple ; small tufts on disk of thorax stellate. Abdomen moderate,
anterior segments shorter ; lateral hairs rather long, multiple on first segment,
double on second to sixth ; secondary hairs in coarse stellate tufts ; tracheal
tubes rather narrow, band-shaped. Air-tube stout, slightly tapered on outer
half, two and a half times as long as wide; pecten reaching nearly to middle,
of very long teeth closely set and running in a spiral one-third of the way around
the tube; single pecten-tooth simple; a single hair beyond pecten. Lateral

824

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

comb of eighth segment of six scales in a curved row ; single scale elliptical, with
three apical teeth, the central one about as long as body of scale, the others
about half as long. Anal segment as long as wide, with a dorsal plate which
tapers behind and is fringed by a row of long spines ; dorsal tufts of two pairs
of brushes ; a lateral tuft of five long hairs at posterior angle of plate; ventral
brush well developed, with a small triangular plate on either side; anal gills
short, tapered, not as long as segment, the lower pair a little shorter than upper.

Pupa (plate 150, fig. 710). — Thoracic mass subpyriform, with a few scattered
hairs on dorsum; air-tubes slender, narrowly funnel-shaped, the tips obliquely
truncate; abdomen elongate, slender, the segments expanded posteriorly; hairs
slight, the lateral tufts of the eighth segment long, but of few hairs; anal
paddles with single very long terminal hairs.

The larva? live in the water in holes in trees and also in artificial receptacles,
more especially if made of wood. Mr. John E. Taylor obtained eggs and writes
us as follows :

" The eggs are cylindrical in shape, with conical extremities, being slightly
larger near one end than the other, although both ends possess about the same
degree of bluntness. They must darken very quickly, as we have not been able
to observe white eggs. The egg measures 0.72 mm. long and 0.17 mm. broad.
The cells appear to be regularly hexagonal in form. The eggs are deposited,
each egg on its side, either singly, in parallel rows of four or more eggs, or in
chain form. The eggs were deposited in a tin in which grass had been placed,
on the grass near to the water line."

In nature the eggs are doubtless deposited near the water, upon the side of the
cavity or receptacle, as is the habit of all the tree-hole inhabiting Aides with
which we are acquainted. There are probably a number of broods during the
year, but, owing to the more permanent character of the water inhabited by the
larvae, these are not differentiated.

Greater Antilles.

San Francisco Mountains, Santo Domingo, September, 1905 (A. Busck) ;
Mayaguez, Porto Eico (W. V. Tower) ; Kingston, Jamaica (M. Grabham) ;
Santiago, Cuba, August (through C. S. Ludlow) ; San Antonio de los Banos,
Cuba (J. H. Pazos).

Dr. Grabham has described specimens from Jamaica as a distinct species,
under the name uncatus, in which the comb-scales of the eighth abdominal seg-
ment of the larva end in a single long thorn instead of being trifid. We think,
after studying the forms from several islands, that this distinction, although
usually valid, is not specific in this case. The species varies slightly also as
adult, but there is no coordination between the variation of adult and larva, nor
any breaking up into separate species or races in the different islands.

AEDES CALOPUS (Meigen) Dyar & Knab*

Culex fasciatus Fabricius (not Miiller; not Meigen), Syst. Antliat., 36, 1805.
Culex calopus Meigen, Syst. beschr. bek. Eur. Zweifl. Ins., i, 3, 1818.
Culex fasciatus Wiedemann (not Miiller), Dipt. Exot., 36, 39, 1821.
Culex mosquito Robineau-Desvoidy, Mem. Soc. d'hist. nat. Paris, iii, 407, 1827.
Culex calopus Robineau-Desvoidy, Mem. Soc. d'hist. nat. Paris, iii, 406, 1827.
Culex fasciatus Robineau-Desvoidy (not Miiller), Mem. Soc. d'hist. nat. Paris, iii,
408, 1827.

Culex frater Robineau-Desvoidy, Mem. Soc. d'hist. nat. Paris, iii, 408, 1827.
Culex fasciatus Wiedemann (not Miiller), Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins., i, 8, 1828.
Culex twniatus Wiedemann, Ausser. Zweifl. Ins., i, 10, 1828.

Culex mosquito GuSrin et Percheron, Gen. des Ins., 2 Livr., No. 9, pi. ii, £. 1, 1835.
Culex kounoupi Brulle, Expd. scient. de Moree, Zool., iii, 289, 1836.

* The earliest name for this species is Culex argenteus (Poiret, Journ. de Physique, xxx, 245,
1787) and accordingly It will now have to be called ASdes argenteus. This discovery was made
too late to carry out the necessary changes throughout this work.

AEDES CALOPUS

825

Gulex calopus Macquart in Webb et Berthelot, Hist. Nat. lies Canaries, ii, Ins., 99,
1839.

Culex annulitarsis Macquart, Dipt. Exot., Suppl. 1 (Mem. Soc. roy. Sci. Agr. Arts

Lille, 1844), 8, 1846.
Culex fasciatus Walker (not Miiller), List Dipt. Brit. Mus., i, 3, 1848.
Culex viridifrons Walker, List Dipt. Brit. Mus., i, 3, 1848.
Culex excitans Walker, List Dipt. Brit. Mus., i, 4, 1848.
Culex formosus Walker, List Dipt. Brit. Mus., i, 4, 1848.
Culex inexorabilis Walker, List Dipt. Brit. Mus., i, 4, 1848.
Culex Ueniatus Walker, List Dipt. Brit. Mus. i, 5, 1848.

Culex calopus Macquart, Dipt. Exot., 4 Suppl. (Mem. Soc. roy. Sci. Agr. Arts, Lille),

9, (313), 1850.
Culex exagitans Walker, Ins. Saund., Dipt., 430, 1856.
Culex impatibilis Walker, Proc. Linn. Soc, Zool., iv, 91, 1860.
Culex zonatipes Walker, Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool., v, 229, 1861.
Culex mosquito Finlay, Anal. Acad. Cien. Habana, xviii, 153, 1881.
Culex fasciatus von Roder (not Miiller), Ent. Zeit. Stettin, xlvi, 338, 1885.
Culex calopus von Roder, Berl. Ent. Zeits, xxxi, 73, 1887.
Culex bancrofti Skuse, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2), iii, 1740, 1889.
Culex elegans Ficalbi, Bull. Soc. ent. Ital., xxi, 95, 1889.
Culex mosquito Lynch Arribalzaga, Rev. Mus. de La Plata, ii, 160, 1891.
Culex elegans Lioy, Ditteri Italiani, 79, 1895.
Culex mosquito Williston, Trans, ent. soc. Lond., 272, 1896.
Culex calopus Ficalbi, Bull. Soc. ent. Ital., xxviii, 251, 1896.
Culex elegans Ficalbi, Bull. Soc. ent. Ital., xxviii, 251, 1896.
Culex kounoupi Ficalbi, Bull. Soc. ent. Ital., xxviii, 256, 1896.
Culex rossii Giles, Journ. Trop. Med., ii, 64, 1899.

Culex fasciatus Coquillett (not Miiller), U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent, Circular 40, 2d
ser., 5, 6, 1900.

Culex fasciatus Howard (not Miiller), U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. 25, n. s.,
19, 20, 1900.

Culex twniatus Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 216, 1900.

Culex bancroftii Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 220, 1900.

Culex mosquito Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 224, 1900.

Culex inexorabilis Giles. Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 264, 1900.

Culex exagitans Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 230, 1900.

Culex kounoupi Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 231, 1900.

Culex viridifrons Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 232, 1900.

Culex fasciatus Giles (not Miiller), Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 235, 1900.

Culex calopus Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 237, 1900.

Culex excitans Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 244, 1900.

Culex impatibilis Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 255, 1900.

Culex formosus Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 283, 1900.

Culex annulitarsis Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 286, 1900.

Culex zonatipes Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 287, 1900.

Culex fasciatus Reed, Carroll, Agramonte & Lazear (not Miiller), Phil. Med. Journ.,
vi, 792, 1900.

Stegomyia fasciata Reed & Carroll, Med. Record, Ix, 641, 1901.

Culex twniatus Grimshaw, Fauna Hawaiiensis, iii, 6, 1901.

Culex twniatus Giles, Journ. Trop. Med., iv, 159, 1901.

Stegomyia fasciata Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., iv, 159, note, 1901.

Btegomyia fasciata Howard, Mosquitoes, 123, 127, 135, 155, 236, 1901.

Slegoynyia fasciata Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 289, 1901.

Stegomyia fasciata var. mosquito Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 295, 1901.

Stegomyia fasciata var. luciensis Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 297, 1901.

Stegomyia fasciata var. queenslandensis Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 297, 1901.

Stegomyia nigeria Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 303, 1901.

Culex twniatus Ribas, Brazil-Medico, xv, 412, 1901.

Culex elegans Grassi, Studi di uno zool. sulla malaria, 2 ed., 132, 1901.

Stegomyia fasciata Garman, Bull. 96, Ky. Agr. Exp. Stat., 211, 1901.

Culex fasciatus Cropper (not Miiller), Journ. of Hygiene, Cambridge, ii, 51, 1902.

Stegomyia fasciata Durham, Liverpool Sch. Trop. Med., Mem. vii, 15, 55, 1902.

Stegomyia fasciata Neveu-Lemaire, Archiv Parasit, vi, 16, 1902.

Stegomyia fasciata Blanchard, C. R. Soc. Biol. Paris, liv, 644, 1902.

Stegomyia fasciata Dye, Archiv de Parasit., vi, 365, 367, 1902.

Steyomyia fasciata Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 372, 1902.

Stegomyia fasciata Theobald, Proc. Roy. Soc. London, lxix, 389, 1902.

53

826

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Stegomyia nigeria Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed.( 375, 1902.
Stegomyia fasciata Goeldi, Os Mosq. no Para, 1902.

Btegomyia fasciata Parker, Beyer & Pothier, Bull. 13, Yellow Fever Inst., U S Publ

Health and Marine-Hosp. Serv., 21, 1903.
Stegomyia fasciata Taylor, Revista de Med. Trop., iv, 113, 1903.
Stegomyia fasciata Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 141, 1903.
Stegomyia fasciata Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xi, 23, 1903.
Stegomyia fasciata Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 146, pi. ii, f. 12, 1903
Stegomyia fasciata Verrill, The Bermuda Islands, 335, 1903.
Stegomyia fasciata Marlatt, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 117, 1903.
Stegomyia fasciata Carter, Medical Record (N. Y.), lxiv, 794, 1903.
Stegomyia fasciata Carter, Boston Med. and Surg. Journ., cl, 20, 1903.
Stegomyia fasciata Marchoux, Salimbeni & Simond, Brazil-Medico xv'ii 473 1903
Stegomyia fasciata Marchoux, Salimbeni & Simond, Ann. Inst. Pasteur, xvii, 680,

Stegomyia fasciata Guiteras, Revista de Med. trop., Havana, iv, 60 1903
Stegomyia fasciata Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., vi, 237, 1903.
Culex calopus Becker, Mitt. a. d. Zool. Mus. Berlin, ii, 67, 1903.
Stegomyia fasciata Laveran, C. R. Soc. Biol. Paris, lv, 1157, 1903.
Stegomyia fasciata Howard, Publ. Health Repts., xviii, no. 46, 1903.
Stegomyia fasciata Pazos, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1904, 135, 1904.
Stegomyia fasciata Carter, Med. Record, Ixv, 761, 1904.

Stegomyia fasciata Balfour, First Rept. Wellcome Research Lab. Khartoum 16 1904
Stegomyia fasciata Theobald, First Rept. Wellcome Res. Lab. Khartoum 71 1904
Stegomyia fasciata Goeldi, Os Mosq. no Para, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Para, iv, 129-197 1904
Stegomyia fasciata Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 40, 1904.

Stegomyia fasciata Van Dine, Bull. 6, Hawaii Agr. Exp. Station 14 22 1904
Stegomyia fasciata Van Dine, U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rept. Office Exp. Stations, 1904,
377, 1905.

Stegomyia calopus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 249, 1905.

Stegomyia nigeria Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 259, 1905.

Stegomyia fasciata Coffin, in Shattuck, The Bahama Ids., 280, 1905.

Stegomyia fasciata Goeldi, Os Mosq. no Para, 1905.

Stegomyia fasciata Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiii, 54, 1905.

Stegomyia fasciata Theobald & Grabham, Mosq. or Culic. of Jamaica 19 1905

Stegomyia fasciata Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 489, 1905.

Stegomyia fasciata Howard, Public Health Repts., xviii, no. 46 (revised ed ) 1905

Stegomyia fasciata Goeldi, C. R. vi Congr. Internatl. Zool., Berne, 193, 1905.

Stegomyia fasciata Herrick, Ent. News, xvi, 282, 1905.

Aedes calopus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 190, 196, 1906

Stegomyia fasciata Banks, Phil. Journ. Sci., i, 984, 1906.

Stegomyia fasciata persistans Banks, Phil. Journ. Sci., i, 984, 996, 1906.

Stegomyia calopus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 17 1906

Stegomyia calopus Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circular 72, 5, 1906.

Stegomyia fasciata Theobald, Science Progress, i, 70, 1906.

Stegomyia White, Science, n. s., xxiii, 371, 1906.

Stegomyia calopus Goldberger, Bull. 16, Yellow Fever Inst., U. S. Publ Health and

Marine-Hosp. Serv., 10, 1907.
Stegomyia luciensis Aiken, Brit. Guiana Med. Annual, 1906, 71, 1907.
Stegomyia calopus Autran, Anal. Dep. Nac Hig., xiv, 17, 1907. '
Stegomyia fasciata Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 176, 1907.
Stegomyia nigeria Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 171, 1907.
Stegomyia calopus Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxii, 128, 1907.
Stegomyia calopus Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 13, 1907.
Stegomyia calopus Howard, Osier's Modern Medicine, i, 386, 1907.
Stegomyia fasciata Griinberg, Die Blutsaugenden Dipteren, 92, 1907.
Stegomyia nigeria Griinberg, Die Blutsaug. Dipt., 95, 1907.

Culex (Stegomyia) calopus Viereck, 1st Ann. Rept. Comm. Health Pa., 469, 1908.
Stegomyia calopus Peryassu, Os Culicid. do Brazil, 44, 165, 1908.
Stegomyia calopus van Loghem & van Loghem-Pouw., Geneesk. Tijds Nederl Indie,
xlviii, 577, 1908.

Culex anguste-alatus Becker, Mitt. a. d. Zool. Mus. in Berlin, iv, 79, 1908.
Culex albopalposus Becker, Mitt. a. d. Zool. Mus. in Berlin, iv, 80, 1908.
Stegomyia fasciata Becker, Mitt. a. d. Zool. Mus. Berlin, iv, 81, 1908.
Stegomyia calopus Busck, Smiths. Misc. Collns., quart, iss., Iii, 65, 1908.
Stegomyia calopus Pazos, Sanid. y Benef., ii, 48, 411, 1909.
Aedes calopus Thibault, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xii, 19, 1910.
Aedes calopus Dyar & Knab, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xii, 81, 1910.

AEDES CALOPUS

827

Stegomyia calopus Newstead & Thomas, Ann. Trop. Med. & Par., iv, 143, 1910.
Stegomyia fasciata Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 158, 1910.

Culex variegatus Theobald (not Doleschall, not Schrank, not E. Blanchard), Mon.

Culic, v, 159, 1910.
Stegomyia fasciata persistans Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 159, 1910.
Stegomyia calopus Brimley, Science, N. S., xxxiii, 943, 1911.
Inscules fasciatus Herrera, Anal. Inst. Med. Nac. (Mexico), xi, 235, 1911.
Stegomyia fasciata Seidelin, Yellow Fever Bur. Bull., i, 365, 1912.
Stegomyia fasciata Austen, Yellow Fever Bur. Bull., ii, 3, 1912.
Stegomyia fasciata Edwards, Bull. Ent. Res., iii, 9, 1912.
Stegomyia calopus Jennings, Journ. Econ. Ent., v, 132, 1912.
Aedes calopus Fullaway, Ann. Rept. Hawaii Agr. Exp. Sta., 1912, 19, 1913.

Original Description of Culex fasciatus:

fasciatus. 13. C. ater haustello tarsisque anticis albo fasciatis.

Habitat in Americae Insulis. Mus. Dom. Lund.

Magnitude C. pipientis. Caput nigrum, haustello porrecto tasciis
tribus uiveis. Thorax niger, linea dorsali alba. Abdomen obscu-
rum. Alae albae, immaculatae. Pedes nigri, tarsis anticis fasciis
tribus niveis.

Original Description of Culex calopus:

Braun mit Silberpunkten, Beine silberweiss geringelt. Fuscus argenteo-puncta-
tus; pedibus argenteo-annulatis.

Ueberall fast nelkenbraun, bei dem Weibchen mehr mit Gelb gemischt. Bei dem
Mannchen erscheint der Rukkenschild in gewisser Richtung mitten auf grau, wo
dann das Braune vier Langsflekken bildet, deren vordere naher zusammen stehen, die
man auch als zwei abgebrochene Striemen ansehen konnte, deren hintere Halfte nach
aussen geruckt ware. Hinterleibsringe lichter. Kopf, Brust, Hinterleibsseiten und
Bauch schon silberflekkig; Knie und Wurzeln der Fussglieder schneeweiss, kaum
silberglanzend. Fliigel ungefleckt. — Vaterland: Portugal. — Lange 2 bis 3 Linien.
(Wiedemann)

Original Description of Culex mosquito:

Proboscis nigra: palpi albo-annulati ; caput et thorax argenteo-maculata; thorax,
dorso vitta semilunari argentea; abdomen, incisuris argenteis.

Long. 2 lineas.

c? Antennae proboscisque nigrae: palpi nigro alboque annulati. Caput nigrum
albo-argenteo-punctatum aut maculatum. Thorax albo-argenteo punctatus aut macu-
latus, dorso vitta semilunari argenteo ad latera. Abdomen nigrum, incisurisque
supra argenteis. Femora basi pallida; pedes nigri; tarsorum anteriorum articulis
annulis argenteis latioribus. Alae pellucide-limpidae, nervis vix pilosulis, margine
interno villoso-fimbriato.

Habitat in ins. Cuba. — Valde molestus per pluviarum menses. Indigenae vocant
Mosquito, sicut mihi retulit dominus Poey.

Original Description of Culex frater:
Culex fasciatus. Wied., Dipt., exot. p. 39.
Long. 2 lineas.

Fuscus: palpis tarsisque niveo-fasciatis, proboscide fusca.

" $ Caput fuscum; tubercula, quibus insident antennae, niveo micantia. (An-
tennae desunt.) Proboscis ipsa omnino fusca: palporum articuli vero ima basi nivei-
pleurae fuscae aliquot maculis niveis. Abdomen dilutius fuscum. Pedes fusci certo
situ flavido-sericantes; basis ima articulorum tarsorum anteriorum nivea. — Pedes
postici desunt." Wied. Dipt, exot., pag., 39.

Habitat in insulis Americae.
Original Description of Culex t.*:niatus:

Fuscus; thorace trivittato; palpis tarsisque anterioribus niveo bi-, posticis quinque
fasciatis. Braun, mit dreistriemigem Riickenschilde; Taster und vordere Fuss-
wurzeln mit zwei, hinterste Fusswurzeln mit fiinf schneeweissen Binden. — IV2 bis
1% Linien. ^9 — Savannah.

Fiihler braunlich, die Einfiigungspunkte an der Stirne schneeweiss. Taster des
Mannchens mit vier schneeweissen Binden, des Weibchens nur an Wurzel und Spitze
weiss; Stirne schneeweiss. Riissel braun ohne Binden. Der abgeriebene Riicken-
schild des Mannchens braun; der unabgeriebene des Weibchens braunlich, mit drei
braunen Striemen, deren mittelste linienformig und minder deutlich ist; Naht an
beiden Seiten schneeweiss; Schildchen schneeweiss schillernd; Brustseiten braun-
lich mit schneeweissen Punkten. Der abgeriebene Hinterleib des Mannchens
braun, mit gelbweisslichen Einschnitten; hin und wieder sieht man ein schnee-

828

MOSQUITOES OF NOETH AMEEICA

weisses Schiippchen; am Weibchen hat der braune Hinterleib deutlicher gelblich-
weisse Einschnitte, und an jeder Seite jedes Abschnittes einen fast dreiseitigen
schneeweissen Flecken. Fliigel wasserklar mit braunen Schiippchen. Beine
schwarzlichbraun, Schenkelwurzeln breit gelblich, Knie ein wenig schneeweiss; an
den vordern Fusswurzeln ist die Basis des ersten und zweiten, an den hintersten
aber die Basis aller Glieder breit und das fiinfte Glied iiberall schneeweiss. Am
Kopfe und Rumpfe fallen die schneeweissen Theile in's Silberne.* — In meiner
Sammlung.

* Sollte diese Art nicht mit Oul. fasciatus eina sein? (Meigen).

Obiginal Description of Culex kounoupi:

Niger, maculis argenteo-villosis; abdominis posteriori parte scutelloque pallidis;
thorace refescente; pedibus nigricantibus; femoribus pene omnino pallide flavis;
tarsis argenteo-annulatis. — Long. 5 millim.

Desce. Tete noire, ornee entre les yeux, en arriere de ceux-ci, a la base des
antennes et a 1'extremite' des palpes, de lignes et de taches de poils d'un blanc
argents. Corselet d'un roux fonce, marque sur les cot6s de quelques petites taches
d'un blanc d'argent: de pareilles taches dficorent aussi le prothorax, le dessus du
mesothorax et l'Scusson; ce dernier et las cotes du metathorax sont d'un roux pile.
Ailes trSs-joliment irisees, sans taches particulieres, garnies de poils bruns le long
des ncrvures: leur bord inferieur ou interne muni d'une f range de poils de meme
couleur. Balanciers d'un roux pale. Pattes d'un brun foncS; cuisses d'un jaune
pale en dessus jusque pres de leur extremite: cette dernigre partie revenue de petits
poils argentes; tarses entoures a la base de leurs articles d'un large anneau de
semblables poils. Abdomen noir en dessous et a la base; le bord inferieur des seg-
mens et la moitie posterieure de l'abdomen d'un roux pale: chaque segment est
marque de chaque cote d'une tache de poils argentes, et les deux premiers en portent
meme a leur partie dorsale.

Hab. Cette espece est aussi incommode que jolie; depuis le milieu de Mai jusqu'a
la fin de saison chaude elle est repandue dans l'air par troupes considerables, surtout
dans le voisinage des eaux.

06s. Nous avons conserve a cet insecte le nom qu'il porte dans le pays; les
Grecs l'appellent en eff et Kawobm (cousin).

Original Description of Culex anndlitaesis:

Fuscanus. TiMis albo annulatis; metatarsis posticis albidis, jusco annulatis.

Long. 2 1. Pieds bruns. Cuisses a base blanchatre; jambes postSrieures a
large anneau blanchatre avant 1'extremite; premier article des tarses posterieurs
blanchatre, a petit anneau brunatre.

De l'lle de France. Ma collection.

Original Description of Culex viridifrons:

Fem. Fuscus, argenteo micans, capite viridi, abdomine fulvo apiee fusco, pedibus
fulvis, genubus tarsorumque annulis albis, alis limpidis.

Head and chest brown, clothed with yellow hairs, and adorned with silvery
spangles: disk of the head green: chest with three gray stripes: abdomen pale tawny,
brown towards the tip, and having a brown line along each side, where it is adorned
with large white spots: mouth tawny: feelers and palpi brown: legs tawny; tips of
thighs brown; knees white; feet with alternate rings of white, tawny and brown:
wings colourless; veins brown, much fringed; poisers yellow, with brown knobs.
Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 3% lines.

a. ? I resented by Captain Lord Byron.

Original Description of Culex excitans:

Fem. Flavo-fuscus, argenteo micans, thorace albo hirto, abdomine albo fasciato,
pedibus nigro-fuscis, femoribus flavis, genubus tarsorumque articulis 1° et 2° basi
albis, alis limpidis.

Body pale yellowish brown, adorned with silvery lustre on each side: feelers
and mouth dark brown; tip of the latter black: chest clothed with white hairs:
abdomen with a band of white hairs on the fore-border of each segment: legs dark
brown; base of the first and of the second joints of the feet white; knees also white;
thighs yellow, with brown tips: wings colourless; veins brown; poisers yellow.
Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

a. Georgia. From Mr. Abbot's collection.

Original Description of Culex formosus:

Fem. Deep rich brown: head much adorned with silvery spangles, as is also the
chest, where they form four stripes, of which the inner pair are straight and narrow,
the outer pair broad and curved: abdomen also adorned with silvery spangles.

AEDES CALOPUS

829

mouth black: feelers brown: eyes dark red: legs brown, beset here and there with
silvery marks; knees and rings of feet silvery: wings somewhat gray; veins brown,
very thickly feathered; poisers yellow. Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings
4 lines.

a. Sierra Leone. Presented by the Rev. D. F. Morgan.
Obiginal Description of Culex inexorabilis :

Fern. Nigro-fuscus, argenteo micans, antennis pedibusque nigris, tarsorum ar-
ticulis albo cinctis, alis subfuscis.

Body dark brown, adorned with silvery luster, which especially prevails beneath
and on the sides of the body: mouth and feelers black; abdomen wanting: legs
black; each joint of the feet with a white band at the base: wings slightly brown;
veins dark brown; poisers yellow, with brown knobs. Length of the body 1% line;
of the wings 3 lines.

a. "West Africa. From Mr. Fraser's collection.

Obiginal Description of Culex exagitans:

Foem. Fusca; albo varia; palpi nigri, apice albi; thorax albido bivittatus ; abdo-
men testaceo varium, fasciis albidis maculisque lateralibus argenteis; pedes gra-
cillimi, femoribus testaceis apice fuscis, genubus et tarsorum fasciis argenteis; alae
subcinereae.

Brown, with white spangles. Proboscis slender, curved, partly testaceous. Palpi
black, with silvery white tips. Thorax with two slender whitish stripes. Abdomen
mostly testaceous in the disk, with a whitish band at the base of each segment, and
with a row of silvery white dots along each side. Legs very slender; femora
testaceous, with brown tips; knees silvery white; tarsi with silvery bands. Wings
grayish; veins brown, fringed with brown hairs. Halteres testaceous? Length of
the body 2% lines; of the wings 4 lines.

Para.

This species much resembles C. toxorhynchus, but the latter has not the whitish
stripes on the thorax, nor the white dots on the abdomen.

Original Description of Culex impatibilis:

Mas. Subcupreo-niger, capite albo punctato, pectore albo guttato, abdomine fasciis
interruptis albis, genubus albis, femoribus posticis albis apice nigris, tarsis inter-
mediis basi albis, tarsis posticis albo bifasciatis, alis cinereis.

Male. Black, with a very slight cupreous tinge. Head with shining white points,
sheaths of the proboscis dark tawny, longer than the thorax. Pectus with shining
white dots. Abdomen with interrupted shining white bands, which are most com-
plete beneath. Knees white; hind femora white, with black tips; middle tarsi white
at the base; hind tarsi with two white bands. Wings cinereous; veins black,
fringed. Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 3 lines.

[Makassar, Celebes.]

Original Description of Culex zonatipes :

Mas. Ferrugineus, pedibus fuscis, femoribus basi pallidis, genubus tarsorumque
fasciis quatuor albis, alis cinereis, venis nigris ciliatis.

Very nearly allied to C. impatibilis, but distinct.

Male. Ferruginous; proboscis about half the length of the body; legs brown;
femora pale at the base: knees white; tarsi with four broad white bands; wings
cinereous; veins black, fringed. Length of the body 2y2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

[Dorey, New Guinea.]

Original Description of Culex bancrofti:

<?. — Length of antenna? 0.065 inch 1.66 millimetres.

Expanse of wings 0.100 X 0.23 2.54 X 0.58

Size of body 0.140 X 0.030 3.55 X 0.76

Antennae very dark brown, the verticils black, about % the length of the palpi;
first joint'of the scapus black, with silvery-white scales. Head deep brown, almost
black (when denuded), covered with violet-black scales, with a very small patch
of silvery-white on each side, some white or yellow scales in the middle, and a line
of silvery-white bordering the eyes. Proboscis deep violet-black, as long as the
palpi. Palpi deep violet-black, the four joints ringed at the base with silvery-white,
the first two rings much broader than the last two. Thorax very dark brown (when
denuded), covered with brown scales, interspersed with some brown hairs, and
traversed by four longitudinal silvery-white lines: — the two median ones extremely
fine and rather indistinct, parallel, stopping at an oblong bare space in front of the
scutellum, the lateral ones bent at the middle, distinct, particularly the anterior half
which is much broader than the rest; pleurae very dark brown, spotted with numer-

830

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

ous small patches of brilliant silvery-white scales; covered above with silvery-white
scales; scutellum very dark brown, covered above with silvery-white scales and
fringed with long brown hairs; dark brown. Halteres ochre-yellow. Abdomen a
little more than twice the length of the thorax, densely clothed with violet-black
scales, the second to sixth segments bordered anteriorly with a narrow band of
white, those on the last three short and not reaching the lateral borders, each seg-
ment with a small patch of brilliant silvery-white scales at the sides; venter covered
with yellowish and violet-black scales, the latter predominating; holding-forceps
black or very deep brown, densely haired. Coxae brown with silvery-white scales.
Femora, tibiae and tarsi covered with violet-black scales; the femora with white
scales along the sides nearly to the tip and beneath on the basal half, the extreme
apex silvery-white; the first two joints of the fore and intermediate, and all the
joints of the hind tarsi, ringed with silvery-white at the base, those of the first two
pairs of tarsi very slight. In the hind-legs, the tibia about % longer than the
metatarsus. Wings about the length of the abdomen, hyaline, the veins covered
with violet-brown scales. Auxiliary vein reaching the costa opposite the cross-vein,
and much before the tip of the posterior branch of the fork of the fifth longitudinal;
middle cross-vein shorter than the posterior cross-vein, situated beyond it a dis-
tance a little greater than the length of the latter; first sub-marginal cell consider-
ably longer and almost imperceptibly narrower than the second posterior cell, its
base lying almost opposite that of the latter; anterior branch of the fifth longitudinal
vein as in the last species.

Hab. — Brisbane, Queensland (Drs. J. and T. L. Bancroft). Several specimens.

December.

Original Description or Culex elegans:

II maschio e succhiatore di sangue e punge acutamente. II C. elegans 6 zanzara
prettamente diurna. — Palpi nel <$ appena piu lunghi della proboscide, appuntati;
neri, con If anelli bianco-argentei: nella $ con ultimo articolo bianco-argenteo, gli
altri neri, ma il penultimo con macchiolina nivea. Proboscide nera. Horace su
fondo bruno-scuro ha elegantissime ornamentazioni argentee. AH fuliginose;
forchette alari con ramuli piu lunghi dei respettivi scapi; lo scapo anteriore e il
posteriore presso a poco della stessa lunghezza. Anche scure, argentate. Femori
bianchicci in corrispondenza della radice e inferiormente, fuor che nella porzione
distale ; superiormente, eccetto la radice, neri; con piccolo anello niveo alia loro
estremitd distale, che, senza intervento della tibia, fa apparire nivei tutti i ginocchi.
Tibie nere. Tarsi delle due prime paia con articulo 1° e 2° nero, annulato di bianco
alia base (solamente) , gli altri articoli neri, non annulati, tarsi del terzo paio con 1°,
2°, 3°, If" articolo neri annulati di bianco alia base (solamente), il 5° articolo del
tutto bianco. Addome dorsalmente su tinta fondamentale bruno-nera presenta
eleganti ornamentazioni argentee, tra le quali 7 o 8 macchie laterali argentee per
parte; ventralmente ha tinta bruno-nera (predominante) , giallo paglia e argentea,
disposte in ornamentazioni eleganti.

[Followed by a detailed description of male and female occupying four pages,
in Italian.]

Original Description of Culex rossii:

Size of Parts in Male and Female Specimens.

MALE. FEMALE.

Head 0.6 mm. Head 0.8 mm.

Thorax 1.3 " Thorax 1.5

Abdomen 2.8 " Abdomen 2.9 "

Proboscis 2.2 " Proboscis 2.1 "

Palpus 2.2 " Palpus 0.45 "

Antenna 1.3 "

Wing 2.9 + 0.7 " Wing 4.4 + 0.9

Wings unspotted. Tarsi white-ringed at the bases of the first and second joints
only on all the legs, which also show minute knee spots. Body dark brown, brindled
with white in the male; the abdomen with basal white bands to the first five seg-
ments, and a median white line: coloration of the female, lighter and less brilliant,
the brown being lighter and the white less pure.

Head black, with a white nuchal collar. Eyes black, with brown reflexes and a
margin of white scales. Antennae, with the globular basal joint black, saving a
broad ring of white on its anterior face, round the insertion of the second joint;
the remaining joints whitish, with black verticils, the roots of which have the effect
of minute black bands; the last two joints deep brown, and together forming more
than a fourth of the length of the appendage. Proboscis deep brown, a little paler
beneath, near the end. Palpi exactly equal in length to the proboscis, black with

AEDES CALOPUS

831

broad basal white bands, those of the first two joints being especially broad and
distinct; the basal joint short, the second forming more than half the entire length
of the appendage, the last two of equal length. Thorax (when denuded) dark brown.
In some specimens, there are traces of white scales, so that, in all probability, there
are white markings in unrubbed specimens. There are also white spots on the sides,
corresponding to the white marks on the coxae, and also beneath the insertion of the
wings. Scutellum dark brown, glabrous, or denuded.

Legs differing comparatively little in length, those of one specimen being 6.1, 6.5,
and 7.5 mm. for the fore, middle and hind pairs respectively; brindled with light
and dark brown, with the coxae covered with pure white scales externally; the
femora paler at the base, especially internally, where they are nearly white, with
a minute white knee spot, and an inconspicuous basal white band to the two first
tarsal joints on all the legs; the remaining tarsal joints being unhanded. The fore
and hind claws are each provided with a well-marked basal tooth, those of the fore
leg being, however, much the larger: the claw of the middle leg is untoothed, but is
otherwise as large as that of the fore.

Wings hyaline, with dark scales; auxiliary, joining the costal opposite the super-
numerary transverse vein, and considerably before the level of the tip of the
fifth longitudinal; supernumerary and middle transverse veins at the same level.
Subcostal transverse, much nearer the origin of the second longitudinal than to the
numeral transverse; posterior, placed more than twice its length behind the middle
transverse, and of about equal length, the former joining the anterior branch of
the fifth longitudinal a good deal before its middle; anterior branch of the fifth
longitudinal originating considerably before the tip of the sixth, and its tip joining
the posterior border well beyond the base of the second posterior cell, which latter
Is considerably shorter than the first submarginal, although much wider. Halteres
pale-tinted.

Abdomen black, with a median white line, broadening at the front of each of
the first five segments, into a distinct, broad band, and with a barely perceptible
white fringe to the hind border. The sixth segment is brindled with white and
black scales in the middle, and has a white spot on either side; the seventh is
entirely black, and there is a minute terminal white spot on the last. Ventrally,
the white forms the ground colour, with sinuous black lateral lines, which meet to
form a transverse band on the fourth segment. The last segment is armed with
exceptionally large, incurved claspers.

The above applies specially to the male; the female is larger in nearly all
dimensions, except the length of abdomen, which, however, is much stouter, the
thorax and wings greatly exceeding those of the male in size. The antennae are
black throughout, and appear proportionally longer than those of the male. The
palpi are also black and without bands; the two proximal joints shorter than
the distal, being together barely equal to one of the latter, which are subequal.
The general coloration of the female is altogether less brilliant, the dark parts
being much paler, and the whites impure. The dorsum of the abdomen is dark grey-
ish brown, with an ill-marked light basal band to each segment, and ventrally, the
brown lateral lines are joined by cross bands on nearly every segment, the white
parts, external to the sinuous dark line, giving the appearance of a series of lateral
light spots.

Habitat. — India (Calcutta). Major Ross, I. M. S.

Note. — This species closely resembles, but is not I think, identical with C.
taeniatus, described by Wiedemann, from Savannah. The dorsum of the thorax is
so denuded of its scales in all my available specimens, that the characteristic adorn-
ment of the female of Wiedemann's species, which is specifically stated to be
noticeable in only unrubbed specimens, would not be in any case discernible. These
markings were, however, darker than the grounding, while there are sufficient
remains to show that the adornment of the present species was white on a dark
ground, though not to enable one to judge its exact character. On the other hand,
I can make out no trace of the snowy scutellum of C. taeniatus, and though the
abdomen of several of my specimens is in very fair condition, it does not correspond
to the description of that species.

The palpi of the male correspond, but those of the female are black, or at most,
show only a trace of white at the base of the terminal joint, instead of being white
at the base and tip. For these reasons, without laying undue stress on the American
habitat of C. taeniatus, it appears more probable that they are distinct species.

Original Description of Stegomyia fasciata var. Luciensis:

These specimens resemble S. fasciata, and are probably merely a variety of that
species.

They differ, however, in having a very clearly defined black band at the tip of
the last tarsal joint, whereas in S. fasciata the last tarsal joint is always pure white.

832

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Habitat. — Demerara, Georgetown, (Quelch) (16. 6. 1899), a $ and ?; also from
St. Lucia.

Time of appearance. — Demerara, March and May (Quelch).

Observations. — In all respects the specimens received from Demerara and St.
Lucia agree with S. fasciata, with the exception that the last tarsal joint of the hind-
legs is apically banded black. A similar variation is seen in Anopheles argyrotarsis.

Original Description of Stegomyia fasciata, variety Queenslandensis:

Specimens of a peculiarly marked 8. fasciata were sent by Dr. Bancroft, under
the name of G. Bancroftii Skuse.

They form a very distinct variety in regard to coloration, but as I can detect
no structural differences from this world-wide gnat, I think they should be con-
sidered merely varieties of that species, which occurs in the same neighbourhood.

$?. Differs from the type first in that the mid lobe of the scutellum is covered with
a patch of deep purple scales, and secondly, in regard to the abdominal ornamenta-
tion, which has both basal and apical yellowish-white scales, and also an irregular
broad line of the same down the dorsum; in one specimen the entire abdomen ia
covered with creamy scales.

Length. — 4.5 mm.

Habitat. — Bupengary, South Queensland.
Time of capture. — November.

Original Description of Stegomyia Nigeria:

Thorax deep brown, with black scales, two short median pale lines in front of the
mesonotum, and a white patch on each side. Abdomen black, with narrow basal
white bands and a white spot on each side; venter white scaled. Legs dark brown,
tarsi basally white banded, the last in the hind legs all white, and also most of the
penultimate joint.

?. Head black, with a narrow patch of white scales in the middle; palpi black,
with white scales at the tip, and a few long bristles; proboscis black, antennae dark
brown; basal joint black, with a tuft of white scales, forming two white spots just
below the eyes, and on each side of a small tuft of white down projecting between
the eyes, which are black and reddish, with a very narrow border of white scales.

Thorax dark brown in some lights, deep black in others, covered with a felt of
deep black scales, like C. vigilax, a few creamy scales in front of the scutellum; two
thin, short, parallel, narrow rows of yellowish scales in front on the mesonotum,
and a patch of brilliant white scales on each side, just showing above; scutellum
blackish-brown, with a few broad white scales; metanotum deep chestnut-brown;
pleurae bright chestnut-brown, with several patches of brilliant white scales.

Abdomen black, with narrow basal bands of white scales. The black scales have a
purplish tinge in some lights, a basal white spot on each side, especially on the basal
segments. Venter with numerous white scales. Coxae with silvery-white scales;
fore legs brown, pale at the base, dark towards the tarsi ; mid legs with a white spot
(not a band) at the base of the metatarsus and first tarsal joint; hind legs, with
the base of the metatarsus and first two tarsi, basally white banded, the third tarsus
nearly all white, and the fourth all white; hind tibia much swollen at the apex.

"Wings with brown veins and scales, testaceous at the base, scales long; first sub-
marginal cell about twice as long as its stem, longer and narrower than the second
posterior cell, whose stem is about equal to its length; posterior cross-vein nearly
three times its own length distant from the mid cross-vein; first long vein much
curved in the middle; fringe brown.

Length. — 4.5 mm.

Habitat— Bonny, West Africa (J. P. Fagan) (21. 11. 1899).
Time of capture. — October.

Observations. — A single 2 only of this species received, in good condition, but some
of the legs, unfortunately, came off in examination, and are separately preserved.

It can be distinguished by the thick felt of dark scales over the thorax, with
the two very narrow and short yellowish vittae in front, and the small brilliant white
patch on each side of the mesonotum, and the silvery puncta on the pleurae; the
bend in the first long vein is also characteristic.

Original Description of Stegomyia fasciata persistans:

Black and dark seal-brown with white and golden-white markings, legs banded
white, nearly as in S. fasciata Fabr.

§, head with broad, seal-brown scales, a bare, median occipital sulcus bordered
laterally by white scales which unite anteriorly and project between the eyes,
which are bordered by narrow, white scales; a series of brown bristles project
inward and forward over eyes; sides of head with 2 distinct, white, linear patches

AEDES CALOPUS

833

separated by a brown patch of equal width; eyes, blue-black; clypeus, first
antennal segment and apices of palpi with white scales, those on antennae being
interrupted externally; a few black scales on second joint of antennae; remaining
joints dark-brown, and proboscis dull-black. Prothoracic lobes nearly covered with
silver-white scales; mesothorax with narrow, seal-brown scales, shaped and arranged
as in fasciata Fabr. Markings as follows: A broad, silver-white band on each
side, curving outward, then inward at middle of thorax and extending back to hinder
margin as in S. fasciata Fabr. External and parallel to this is a bare or scaleless
linear area; between the lyre-shaped figure thus formed, a very short, median
golden-white line from anterior margin of mesothorax, then two parallel, sub-median
lines extending two-thirds of distance to posterior margin, then a short median ex-
tending to brown, bare spot, then 2 parallel sub-median short lines at sides of bare
spot, extending to posterior margin; a broken line of white in front of wings, sub-
parallel with hinder curve of lyre-figure, its beginning on pleura; halteres light-
brown, pale-knobbed. Second to sixth abdominal segments blue-black, with basal,
transverse, silver-white bands and basal, lateral spots on terga; seventh segment
minus basal band but with white lateral spots, apical margins of all segments with
golden hairs dorsally and ventrally. Ventrum white scaled, fifth and sixth with
some black laterally and apically; seventh all black, pale-bordered apically.

Anterior femora pale-scaled basally, a narrow line of which extends to apex ex-
ternally; black along superior edge; knees with white spot on each side of articula-
tion; mid femora black externally, with longitudinal, white hair-line through middle
nearly to apex; base and internal surface whitish; knees white; exterior face of
posterior femora white nearly to apex, except superior edge which is black as is
apex; knees white; all tibiae black with 2 distinct rows of snow-white spines
arranged as on legs of certain Orthoptera; all metatarsi and first tarsals brown-
black with white basal bands; remaining tarsi on fore and mid legs, uniformly
brown-black; posterior second tarsi brown-black, basally white banded; third tarsi,
white, apically black-banded; last tarsi, pure white. Ungues equal, unidentate on
all except posterior legs.

Wing veins, densely scaled; posterior cross vein a little more than twice its
length from the mid cross vein, the interior angle of which with the supernumerary
is about 135°. The venation and lepidotaxis are very similar to S. fasciata Fabr.,
and S. scutellaris sumarensis Ludl.

£ similar in all essential respects to J. Antennae are conspicuously pale banded;
palpi slightly longer than proboscis and with 4 white bands, the apical 2 of which
are ventral only; the wings less densely scaled; the posterior cross vein slightly
farther removed from mid cross vein and somewhat shorter.

The size in both and $ is extremely variable, specimens of the former measuring
from 3.5-5 millimeters and of the latter 4-6 millimeters. Wings length <$ 1.75-2.25
millimeters; $ 2-2.75 millimeters.

Manila, Negros Occidental, Iloilo, P. I. (Banks, Coll.).

Time of flight: This mosquito has been captured in Manila during every month
of the year.

Types of £ and J No. 5773 in Entomological Collection, Bureau of Science, Manila,
P. I.

This mosquito is the most annoying form found in the Islands and like its con-
gener, S. fasciata Fabr., is extremely persistent in its attacks, returning repeatedly
however many times it may be repulsed. Upon alighting it walks around to find a
suitable place to bite, its favorite points of attack being the back of the neck, the
ankles, and the back of the hands when one is holding a book. It will in no case
alight upon white articles except such as one may be wearing, such as white socks
or white clothes that have been recently removed from the person. Its time of
attack is from 1 to 3 p. m. and just as night falls, when the daylight is too dim for
reading. It appears also to be a forerunner of a storm, as it usually attacks one with
great energy just before signs of a shower appear. This mosquito is very wily,
usually attacking one from behind, and when struck at, almost invariably flies be-
hind one's chair to renew the attack as soon as everything appears to be quiet.
This is not noticeable with any other species of mosquito so far observed in the
Philippines.

Original Description of Culex anguste-alatus :

Ein Mannchen von Teneriffe am 1. Dezember. Fliigel ungefleckt, sehr klein und
schmal. Riissel ohne Binden. Beine nur an den Tarsenwurzeln bandlert. Nach
der von Theobald fur diese Gruppe Band I 383 aufgestellten Bestimmungstabelle
ist die einzige vergleichbare Art C. japonicus, deren Thorax aber mit fiinf gold-
braunen Schuppenstreifen geziert ist, wahrend unsere Art vier silberfarbene auf-

834

MOSQUITOES OP NORTH AMERICA

weist; ausserdem sind noch andere Unterschiede in der Zeichnung der Beine vor-
handen; eine schon gezeichnete Art.

Mannchen. Grundfarbe des Thorax mattschwarz mit kaffeebraunen und silber-
weissen Schuppen, letzere streifen- und fleckenformig: zwei scbmale silberfarbene
Langsstreifen liegen auf der Mitte des Rtickens und werden an den Seiten von zwei
anderen begleitet; letztere miinden aus an der Quernaht und erlangen hier eine
grossere Breite, der Quernaht folgend und den vorderen Seitenrand des Thorax-
riickens umsaumend; ferner liegen an den Schulterbeulen, vor dem Schildchen,
iiber und unter der Flugelwurzel, auf den Brustseiten und Hiiften isolierte welsse
Schuppenflecken; die langeren Haare sind schwarzbraun. Schwinger hellbraun.
Kopf schwarzgrau, kaffeebraun und weiss beschuppt, mit zwei durch eine feine
Langslinie getrennte weisse Langsstreifen auf der Mitte der Stirn und des Hinter-
kopfes und zwei seitlichen Flecken des letzteren; schwarze langere Haare stehen an
den Augenrandern; das erste kugelige Piihlerglied ist schwarz, ringsum weiss
eingefasst, die beiden letzten Glieder sind schwarz; die mittleren weiss und
schwarz geringelt mit langem schwarzbraunen Federbusch. Riissel ganz schwarz,
Taster schwarz, weiss bandirt, und zwar an der Wurzel der letzten vier Glieder; die
Taster sind schlank, sie sind ebenso lang wie der Riissel und tragen an den Gelenken
vereinzelte Harchen. Hinterriicken und Hinterleib matt rostbraun, die letzten
Ringe dunkler mit kaffeebraunen Schuppen und silberfarbenen Querbinden und
isoliert liegenden Seitenflecken, beide an den Vorderrandern der Ringe. Hypc-
pygium matt schwarz und schwarz behaart. Hiiften und Schenkel rostgelb, deren
Endhalfte allmahlich geschwarzt, zart beborstet mit silberweissen Schuppenflecken
an den Knieen aller Beine. Schienen und Tarsen schwarz, letztere sind an beiden
Vorderbeinen und zwar an der Wurzel des ersten und zweiten Gliedes schmal weiss
geringelt; an den Hinterbeinen sind die drei ersten Tarsenglieder breit weiss
geringelt. Klauen alle einfach, klein und gleichlang. Lange der Vorderschiene und
der fiinf folgenden Tarsenglieder bei 13facher Vergrosserung: 20%, 14%, 5%, 4%,
2, 2% mm. Borstchen der Schienen zart, aber deutlich und weiss. Fliigel 2 10/13 mm.
lang und 8/13 mm. breit. Adern zusammengedrangt und mit braunen Schuppen
dicht besetzt; die Randschiippchen sind sehr lang; die erste Submarginalzelle ist
langer als die zweite Hinterrandzelle; Stiel der ersteren halb so lang wie die Gabel,
der letzteren so lang wie der obere langere Gabelzweig; eine fleckenhafte Ansamm-
lung der Schuppen ist nicht wahrzunehmen. Korperlange 4% mm.

Original Description of Culex albopalposus :

Ein Weibchen aus S. Cruz auf Teneriffe im Marz. Fliigel ohne Flecken. Riissel
unbandiert; Beine nur an den Tarsenwurzeln bandiert, letztes Tarsenglied an den
Hinterbeinen weiss. Klauen all gleich lang und einfach. Eine Vergleichung mit
den entsprechenden Arten in Theobald's Monographic ergibt keine Uebereinstim-
mung.

Weibchen. Thorax matt rotbraun, auf dem Riicken ohne deutliche dunklere
Langslinien, gleichmassig mit bronzefarbigen Schuppen bedeckt und mit zwei
Reihen brauner Borsten auf der Mitte; schwarzbraune Borsten mit heller Spitze
stehen desgleichen am Rande des Schildens und an den Seiten fiber der Fliigel-
wurzel. Brustseiten und Hiiften zeigen eine Reihe schneeweisser Schuppenflecke.
Kopf schwarzgrau; auf der Mitte der Stirn liegt ein auch fiber den Hinterkopf sich
verbreitender schneeweisser Schuppenstreifen; derselbe sezt sich fort fiber das
Gesicht, bedeckt den Clypeus und bildet auf dem letzten Tastergliede zwei auffallend
schneeweisse Flecken. Riissel und FUhler schwarzbraun; das Wurzelglied der
letzteren hat einen weissen Schuppenring. Schwinger blassbraun. Hinterleib
stark glanzend von hell rostgelber bis braunlicher Farbe; auf der Oberseite liegen
schmutzig weisse Schuppen, deren Ansammlung an den Einschnitten etwas starker
zu sein scheint, ohne dass man von einer Bindenzeichnung sprechen konnte.
Schenkel und Hiiften hellrostgelb, erstere mit schwarzen Langsstreifen, an der
Spitze ganz verdunkelt. Kniee an alien Beinen mit schneeweissem Fleck. Schienen
schwarz und Tarsen braun; an den Vorderbeinen sind der Metatarsus und das
folgende Glied an ihrer Wurzel schmal weiss geringelt; das letzte Tarsenglied
ist rostgelb; an den Mittelbeinen sind ebenfalls die beiden ersten Tarsenglieder
weiss geringelt und die letzten drei Glieder fast ganz rostgelb; an den Hinterbeinen
sind die vier ersten Tarsenglieder breit weiss geringelt und zwar bedeckt der weisse
Ring auf dem Metatarsus reichlich 14 seiner Lange, auf den beiden folgenden
Gliedern % und auf dem vierten Ringe %; das letzte Glied ist ganz schneeweiss.
Borsten der Schienen namentlich an den Hinterbeinen deutlich und weiss. Die
Klauen sind alle ohne Zahne, einfach und gleich lang. Lange der Schienen und
Tarsen bei 13facher Vergrosserung: Vorderschiene 36, Metatarsus und die folgenden
Glieder 19, 10, 5, 3, 3 mm.; an den Hinterbeinen: Schiene 40, Metatarsus und die
folgenden Glieder 22, 15, 12, 7, 4 mm. Das Verhaltnis der Schiene zu ihrer Tarsen

AEDES CALOPUS

835

1st also an den Vorderbeinen wie 9: 10, an den Hinterbeinen wie 2: 3. Fliigel an
ihren Adern gleichmassig und stark schwarzbraun beschuppt; die erste gegabelte
Submarginalzelle ist 2y2 mal so lang wie ihr Stiel; der Stiel der zweiten Hinter-
randzelle ist so lang wie ihr unterer Gabelzweig. Korperlange 4 mm.

Description of Female, Male, Larva, Pupa, and Egg of Aedes calopus:

Female.—- Proboscis moderately long and stout, subcylindrical, uniform,
labellse conically tapered; vestiture black; sete small, curved, black, those on
labellas more prominently outstanding. Palpi short, about one-fifth the length
of the proboscis; vestiture black, tips very broadly white-scaled above. An-
tenna? filiform, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black, second joint fusi-
form; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, blackish, clothed
with broad silvery-white scales on nearly the entire surface; hairs of whorls
rather long, sparse, black. Clypeus prominent, rounded triangular, convex
with a slight median impression, sordid-brown, clothed with broad silvery-
white appressed scales. Eyes black. Occiput blackish, clothed with broad
scales, blackish-brown on the sides, a silvery-white median dorsal stripe
(sometimes divided, showing a black median groove) which is continued for-
ward between the eyes to base of antennas; eye-margin narrowly silvery-white
scaled ; two white bars traversing the dark area well down on the sides ; some
pale-yellowish, erect, forked scales well back on the nape.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with silvery-white
scales in the middle, black scales above and below, and with many black
bristles. Mesonotum black, clothed with narrow, curved bronzy-brown scales,
a very short white line in the middle at anterior edge followed by two narrow
silvery lines which are continued almost to the antescutellar space, a broader
silvery-white band on either side, strongly curved outwardly and forming a
crescent to beyond middle of lateral area, where it is joined to a fine white line
which continues to posterior margin ; antescutellar space edged with white, a
short median stripe before antescutellar space ; a white patch at roots of wings.
Scutellum trilobate, densely clothed with silvery-white scales except apex of
middle lobe, which is brown ; a group of coarse brown bristles on each lobe.
Postnotum elliptical, prominent, brown, nude. Pleurae and coxas brown, clothed
with patches of flat silvery-white scales and rows of pale bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly; dorsal vestiture black with a
slight greenish reflection, a narrow white band not reaching sides at base of
each segment except on the last, a row of silvery-white, triangular, lateral
segmentary spots, the points of the triangles touching bases of segments ; first
segment yellowish-white scaled, a few black scales at the sides, and with many
fine pale hairs; venter yellowish silvery-white scaled with a few black scales
intermixed, sixth segment with broad apical black band, seventh segment
entirely black beneath. Cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell much shorter than
its cell, that of second posterior cell somewhat longer ; basal cross-vein distant
more than its own length from anterior cross-vein; scales brown, the outstand-
ing ones broadly linear, those on second vein denser and broader. Halteres
yellowish-white.

Legs rather slender, moderately long; femora black, white beneath at base,
front and middle pair with a broad white line on inner side, hind pair with a
fine white line on outer side; knees white; tibiae brownish-black; hind tarsi
with rather broad white rings at bases of joints, the last joint entirely white;
fore and mid tarsi with white rings at bases of first two joints only. Claw
formula, 1.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

836

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Male. — Proboscis straight, long and slender. Palpi as long as the proboscis,
slender, uniform; terminal joints with a few stiff setas; vestiture black, with
four white rings, situated at base and middle of long joint and at bases of last
two joints, the one at middle of long joint broad. Antennae plumose, the last
two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others short, whitish, with
black rings at insertions of hair-whorls; hairs of whorls fine, rather dense,
brown. Coloration similar to the female. Abdomen elongate, strongly depressed,
the sixth and seventh segments broadened apically; dorsal vestiture black, the
second to sixth segments with laterally abbreviated basal white bands, absent on
seventh and eighth segments, the fifth to eighth segments with lateral or sub-
lateral silvery spots ; venter with first to sixth segments basally yellowish-silvery
scaled and apically black-scaled, the black becoming fused into a median line on
basal three segments, seventh and eighth segments black-scaled ; lateral ciliation
sparse, of rather coarse pale hairs. Wings narrower than in the female, the
stems of the fork-cells longer; vestiture less abundant. Claw formula, 1.0-
0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Genitalia (plate 33, fig. 224) : Side-pieces about one and one half times as
long as wide, tips conically tapered, without apical or basal lobes, but the inner
halves covered with fine hairs. Clasp-filament slightly enlarged in middle,
stout, with a short apical articulated spine. Harpes flat, plate-like, with a long
projection at base inward, tips rounded and excurved, a thin pilose membrane
between, squarely emarginate in middle. Harpagones wanting. Unci approxi-
mate, not confluent, with revolute margins and serrated tips. Basal appendages
wanting.

Egg (plate 145, fig. 668, and plate 147, fig. 684).— Fusiform, black, very
slightly flattened on one side, slightly more tapered toward the micropylar
end; sculpture of rough, somewhat irregular rhomboidal callosities forming
spiral rows. Length .53 mm., diameter .15 mm.

Larva, Stage IV (see figure of the entire larva, plate 76). — Head rounded,
wider than long, widest behind eyes, a slight notch at insertion of antennae,
front margin broadly arcuate. Antennae small, cylindrical, slightly curved,
smooth, a single hair at middle ; four terminal stout spines, two long, two short,
a small digit articulated on a pedestal. Eyes large, transverse, pointed. Both
pairs of dorsal head-hairs and aute-antennal hairs simple, all short. Men-
tal plate rounded triangular, central tooth large, with twelve on each side, sub-
equal, the median ones approximated, the outer ones more remote and slenderer.
Mandible subquadrate, nearly smooth without; two filaments before a notch
near tip ; an outer row of coarse cilia ; a row of small filaments beyond ; denti-
tion of four teeth, the first largest, a group of filamentous processes at base,
feathered setae within; a lobe below as long as the dentition, furcate at tip,
setose; five long hairs below; five still larger ones at base. Maxilla elongate
hemispherical, divided by a narrow suture ; inner half with a notch at the end
of a row of processes, hairy, a tuft of long hairs at tip; outer half with two
processes on one side and one on the other ; palpus short, arising from outer side
of maxilla and appressed to it, less than twice as long as wide, with two very
small terminal digits. Thorax rounded, wider than long ; hairs moderate, rather
sparse. Abdomen rather long, sixth and seventh segments elongated; lateral
hairs of first segment quadruple, triple on second to fourth, double on fifth,
single on sixth; tracheal tubes broad, band-shaped. Air-tube stout, short,
strongly tapered on outer half, over twice as long as wide ; pecten running nearly
halfway, followed by a single tuft of few hairs ; single pecten-tooth a rather long
spine with two large and some small teeth within and small ones without.

AEDES CALOPUS

837

Lateral comb of the eighth segment of ten scales in a single row, the single
scale elongate with a pointed base, a long apical spinule and curved stout sub-
apical ones followed by several slender lateral ones. Anal segment short, wider
than long, almost ringed by the plate, which nearly touches ventrally, but is not
united ; dorsal tuft a pair of hairs on each side ; ventral brush moderate, directed
posteriorly ; anal gills long, wide, tracheate, the tips rounded.

Pupa (plate 150, fig. 713). — Cephalothoracic mass subpyriform, compressed
ventrally and posteriorly ; respiratory trumpets short, strongly flaring, obliquely
truncate. Abdomen rather stout, the hairs sparse and weak; eighth segment
with small sparse tuft at apical angles; anal paddles large, with a simple apical
bristle.

Under natural conditions the eggs are laid singly in small irregular groups
some distance above the margin of the water. The investigations of Finlay and
others show that unless the fertilized female obtains a meal of blood the eggs
do not mature but remain latent within the body. The eggs are laid in from 1
to 7 days after the female has fed upon blood. Usually the eggs are not all laid
at once but at intervals after successive blood-meals.

The larvae live in accumulations of water in artificial receptacles. From
being originally a tree-hole inhabiting species, it is now wholly domesticated,
and its larva inhabits artificial accumulations of water either within houses
or in the vicinity of human habitations. Occasionally the larvae occur in holes in
trees, but always in proximity to habitations. Goeldi has found the larva? in
water held by bromeliads, presumably near houses, and by the still folded leaves
of banana plants. In the tropics the earthen jars in which drinking water is kept
within dwellings are a favorite breeding-place; the larvae have the habit of
keeping to the bottom, and, as these jars are never emptied, their presence is not
even suspected. Thus water may be poured from the small earthen bottles
used in hotels in the tropics, and, unless the bottle is quickly and completely
emptied, the larvae will remain behind. Holy-water founts in churches are a
favorite breeding-place. Out of doors the larvae occur in tanks, barrels, rain-
troughs and discarded bottles and tins. The larvae, when suspended from the
surface film, hang nearly perpendicular. They can remain below the surface a
long time. In the experience of Goeldi and Knab they prefer clear water and
while this is generally true Busck has upon two occasions found the larvae in
very foul water. According to Peryassu the larvae will develop in a mixture
of 40 per cent sea water with 60 per cent of fresh. He further states that the
larvae thrive very well in water containing food-refuse, such as cured or fresh
meat and farinaceous products or fats, and that they do best in muddy water
or such as contains an abundance of dead leaves and fragments of wood.
Peryassu states that the larva is predaceous and cannibalistic. We have ob-
served them feeding upon dead larvae but have never seen them attack living
ones.

The habits of the imago are strictly diurnal. They frequent habitations and
the female probably only leaves the house in quest of a suitable place for
oviposition-. Both sexes are attracted to man. The females are persistent
biters, although very stealthy in their attacks. They have developed the habit
of approaching from behind and when disturbed will retreat to a dark corner
and wait a while before returning to the attack. The bite is often imperceptible
and leaves comparatively little irritation. Unlike many other mosquitoes they
emit no sound when about to bite. The male likewise persecutes man and this
has led to the widely quoted statement of Ficalbi that it sucks blood ; however,
it does not pierce the skin but laps sweat from the surface and in this way causes
some irritation. This mosquito is most active during the warm hours of sun-

838

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

light. In cool, rainy weather it remains quiescent in its retreats in dark corners
or upon dark clothing. For these latter it has a special predilection as a rest-
ing place.

Copulation occurs in warm weather during the hot, sunny hours of the day.
According to Goeldi the males congregate in little swarms of 15 to 20 or more,
hovering over the edge of a table, cabinet or other object, or over a person. When
a female approaches one of these little swarms it is pounced upon by a male.
Copulation is effected during flight, the male clasping the female from beneath,
and is quickly accomplished. The flight is so short that, according to Goeldi,
copulation is easily effected in a breeding-cage.

The eggs develop best after having remained dry for a period. When in con-
tact with water or submerged they develop rapidly under high temperatures.
According to Peryassu the eggs hatch regularly at temperatures from 25° to
29° C. ( = 77° to 84° F.) and all the eggs deposited at one time hatch together.
At these temperatures the time of hatching is from 3 to 8 days. Below 25° C.
(77° F.) only part of the eggs hatch and these irregularly. A fall of tempera-
ture to 20° C. (68° F.) for even a single night either retards hatching or pre-
vents it. Low temperatures have a decidedly bad effect upon the development
of the larvae.

These facts stand in intimate relation to the distributions of the species. It
is found established only in territory with more or less uniformly high tempera-
tures. In the more temperate regions it is frequently introduced during the
warmer season by traffic from farther south and then exterminated hy the cold
winter weather. This is the case, for example, in the southerly part of the
United States, where the species is endemic only below the frost line. Owing to
its close association with man it is often carried by vessels and railroads and thus
temporarily established far to the north of its permanent habitat. In Europe
it has been found as far north as England and in America it must have once
found a foothold in Boston, Massachusetts, as a considerable epidemic of yellow
fever occurred there. A full discussion of the habits will be found in volume
one of this work, pages 258 to 303.

Endemic in tropical regions of both hemispheres, seasonally introduced in
temperate regions.

Washington, District of Columbia, July 3, 1901 (J. Carroll) ; August 28,
1908 (R. W. Van Horn) ; Norfolk, Virginia (E. Blue) ; Virginia Beach, Vir-
ginia, August 25, 1900 (F. C. Pratt) ; Columbia, South Carolina, September 12,
1908 (W. H. Sligh); Thomasville, Georgia, October, 1905 (W. W. Jarrell) ;
Myrtle, Georgia, September 1, 1906 (A. A. Girault) ; Fort Valley, Georgia (J.
H. Beattie) ; Savannah, Georgia, August 8, 1901 (T. E. Oertel) ; St, Louis,
Missouri, August to October, 1904 (A. Busck) ; Memphis, Tennessee, July 29,
1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Tuscumbia, Alabama, August 15, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ;
Richmond, Kentucky, August 25, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Lexington, Kentucky,
October 19, 1901 (A. M. Miller) ; Nashville, Tennessee, August 17, 1904 (H.
S. Barber) ; Columbia, Tennessee, August 16, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Athens,
Tennessee August 22, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Chattanooga, Tennessee, August
20, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Decherd, Tennessee, August 18, 1904 (H. S.
Barber) ; Scott, Arkansas, September 1, 1908 (J. K. Thibault, Jr.) ; Hot
Springs, Arkansas, October 1, 1900 (A. Wright) ; Baton Rouge, Louisiana (J.
W. Dupree) ; New Orleans, Louisiana, September 21, 1900 (H. A. Veazie) ;
Napoleon ville, Louisiana, November 7, 1900 (L. E. Flannagan) ; Belzona,
Mississippi, August 5, 1904 (H. S. Barber); Westpoint, Mississippi, August
11, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Helena, Arkansas, July 30, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ;
Jackson, Mississippi, August 7, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Winona, Mississippi,

AEDES CALOPUS

839

August 9, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Tupelo, Mississippi, August 13, 1904 (H. S.
Barber) ; Miami, Florida, March 9, 1905 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Key West,
Florida, March 10, 1905 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Punta Gorda, Florida, March
19, 1905 (A. N. Caudell) ; Bartow, Florida, March 20, 1905 (A. N. Caudell) ;
Barrancas, Florida, June 28, 1901 (A. H. Gale) ; Knoxville, Tennessee, August
28, 1901 (S. Pi. Miller) ; on train between Tutwiler and Yazoo City, Mississippi,
August 3, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Clarksdale, Mississippi, August 2, 1904 (H.
S. Barber) ; New Iberia, Louisiana, October 5, 1905 (E. S. G. Titus) ; Paris,
Texas, July 27, 1904 (F. C. Bishopp) ; Dallas, Texas, June 27, 1904 (H. S.
Barber) ; trinity, Texas, August 9, 1906 (F. C. Bishopp) ; Victoria, Texas,
April 24, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Brownsville, Texas, May 11, 1904 (H. S.
Barber) ; Corsicana, Texas, June 13 (S. Joes) ; Spanish Wells, George Island,
Bahamas, July 4, 1903 (T. H. Coffin) ; Nassau, New Providence, Bahamas,
July 2, 1903 (T. H. Coffin) ; Governors Harbor, Eleuthera, Bahamas, 1903
(T. H. Coffin) ; Current Settlement, Eleuthera, Bahamas, July 5, 1903 (T. H.
Coffin) ; Tarpum Bay, Eleuthera, Bahamas, July 7, 1903 (T. IT. Coffin) ; Clar-
ence Harbor, Long Island, Bahamas (T. H. Coffin) ; San Salvador, Bahamas
(T. H. Coffin) ; Baracoa, Cuba, September, 1901 (A. Busck) ; Cayamas, Cuba,
May 17 (E. A. Schwarz) ; Columbia Barracks, Cuba, May 8, 1901 (T. E.
Kean) ; Bayamon, Cuba, November, 1900 (W. Reed) ; Havana, Cuba, June,
1901 (Major Laine) ; Guantanamo, Cuba, July 26, 1901 (J. M. Espin) ; Ciego

de Avila, Cuba, January 6, 1909 (W. H. Sligh) ; Quemados, Cuba ( ) ;

Santiago, Cuba, October, 1901 (A. Busck) ; Pinar del Eio, Cuba, 1900

( ) ; Isle of Pines, Cuba (S. H. Scudder) ; Santo Domingo City, Santo

Domingo, August, 1905 (A. Busck) ; San Francisco Mountains, Santo
Domingo, September, 1905 (A. Busck) ; Kingston, Jamaica, July 15, 1891
(T. D. A. Cockerell) ; Mayaguez, Porto Rico, September (W. V. Tower) ;
Viques Island, Porto Rico, July 28, 1910 (C. C. Craft) ; Culebra, Porto Rico,
January 26, 1904 (A. C. H. Russell) ; St. Thomas, Danish West Indies, August,
1905 (A. Busck) ; Dominica, July 28, 1905 (A. Busck) ; Martinique, July 24,
1905 (A. Busck) ; Plymouth, Montserrat (F. E. Driver) ; Barbados, July,
1905 (C. Todd) ; Nevis, October, 1907 (through H. A. Ballou) ; La Paz,
Baja California, Mexico (A. Duges) ; Tampico, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico
(J. Goldberger) ; Frontera, State of Tabasco, Mexico, May 15, 1903 (A.
Duges) ; Cordoba, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, June 14, 1905 (F. Knab) ;
Rincon Antonio, State of Oaxaca, Mexico, June 23, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Tehuan-
tepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico, July 5, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Salina Cruz, State
of Oaxaca, Mexico, July 13, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Acapulco, State of Guerrero,
Mexico, July 28, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Vera Cruz, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico (G.
E. Beyer) ; Nautla, State of Jalisco, Mexico (A. Duges) ; Pochutla, State of
Oaxaca, Mexico (A. Duges) ; San Bias, Territory of Tepic, Mexico (A. Duges) ;
Coatzacoalcos, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico (A. Duges) ; Las Pehas, State of
Jalisco, Mexico (A. Duges) ; Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico (A. Duges) ;
Perihuete, Mexico (A. Duges) ; Tuxpam, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico (A.
Duges) ; Belize, British Honduras (R. H. Peters) ; Champerico, Guatemala,
August 4, 1905 (F. Knab) ; on boat between Livingstone and Panzos, Guatemala,
March 22, 1906 (Schwarz and Barber) ; San Jose, Guatemala, August 6, 1905
(F. Knab) ; Livingstone, Guatemala, May 9, 1906 (Schwarz and Barber) ;
Sonsonate, Salvador, August 28, 1905 (F. Knab) ; San Salvador, Salvador,
August 14, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Corinto, Nicaragua, September 4, 1905 (F.
Knab) ; Bluefields, Nicaragua (W. F. Thornton) ; Puntarenas, Costa Rica,
September 7, 1905 (F. Knab) ; San Jose, Costa Rica, September 22, 1905 (F.
Knab) ; Port Limon, Costa Rica, September 27, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Esparta,
Costa Rica, September 18, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Bocas del Toro, Panama ( ) ;

840

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Taboga Island, Panama (P. P. Preston) ; San Pablo, Canal Zone, Panama,
May 7, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Pedro Miguel, Canal Zone, Panama, May 29, 1907 (A.
Busck) ; La Boca, Canal Zone, Panama, June 12, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Colon,
Panama (A. Busck) ; Ancon, Canal Zone, Panama, November 23, 1907 (A. H.
Jennings) ; Bas Obispo, Canal Zone, Panama, December 12, 1907 (A. H.
Jennings) ; Panama City, Panama, December 4, 1907 (A. H. Jennings) ; Porto
Bello, Panama, January 21, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Gatun, Canal Zone,
Panama, March 12, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Miraflores, Canal Zone, Panama,
December 10, 1907 (A. H. Jennings) ■ Cedros, Trinidad, June 18, 1905 (A.
Busck) ; St. Joseph, Trinidad, June 12, 1905 (A. Busck) ; Port of Spain, Trini-
dad, June 11, 1905 (A. Busck) ; Montserrat, Trinidad, July 4, 1905 (A.
Busck) ; New Amsterdam, British Guiana, May, 1907 (J. Aiken) ; Omai, British
Guiana (K. S. Wise) ; Georgetown, British Guiana (E. D. Eowland) ; Para-
maribo, Dutch Guiana (H. Polak) ; Guayaquil, Ecuador (F. Campbell) ; Maceio,
Alagoas, Brazil, December, 1911 (G. A. Waring) ; Sao Paulo, Brazil (A. Lutz) ;
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, July 19, 1907 (O. Cruz) ; Campinas, Brazil, January 22,
1902 (A. Hempel) ; Hilo, Hawaii, April 5, 1902 (H. W. Henshaw) ; Kaiwiki,
Hawaii, 1700 ft. (W. A. Ashmead) ; Honolulu, Oahu, March 21, 1901 (C. L.
Marlatt) ; Apia, Samoa, November, 1904 (J. T. Floyd) ; Okayama, Japan, May

5, 1901 (C. L. Marlatt) ; Manila, Luzon, January, 1904 ( ) ; Iloilo, Iloilo,

Panay, December 22, 1903 (G. W. McCoy) ; Cebu ( ) ; Guam (C. P.

Bagg) ; Hagonoy, Bulucan, Luzon, September 1, 1902 (C. S. Ludlow) ; Iligan,
Mindanao, January, 1902 (P. B. Grubbs) ; Santa Cruz, Luzon (C. S. Ludlow) ;
Samal, Butaan (through C. S. Ludlow) ; Catalato, Mindanao, October, 1906
(C. H. Halliday) ; Parang, Mindanao (through C. S. Ludlow) ; Ormoc, Leyte,
July 1, 1906 (C. H. Halliday) ; Soekaboemi, Java, December 20, 1901 (C. L.
Marlatt) ; Garoet, Java, December 9, 1901 (C. L. Marlatt) ; Singapore, Straits
Settlements, November 18, 1901 (C. L. Marlatt) ; Isma'ilia, Egypt (W. C.
Gorgas) ; Malaga, Spain, December, 1908 (C. Visich). Also reported from
numerous other localities in the warmer portions of both hemispheres.

The earliest name for this species, Aedes argenteus (Poiret), has come to our
notice too late for incorporation in this work. Fabricius, in 1805, named the
species Culex fasciatus, but other species had been previously described under
the same name by O. F. Miiller (Fauna Insectorum Fridrichsdalina, p. 87,
1764), and Meigen (Klassif. u. Beschr. d. europ. zweifl. Ins., p. 4, 1804). The
first use of the name Culex fasciatus has been generally credited to de Villers
(1789) on the authority of E. Blanchard (Les Moustiques, p. 250, 1905).
E. E. Austen has recently shown that a mosquito was first described under this
name by Miiller as above cited and that de Villers merely quoted this descrip-
tion (Yellow Fever Bureau Bull., ii, 3, 1912). We use here the name Aides
calopus (Meigen).

C. S. Banks has redescribed typical Aedes calopus under the name Stegomyia
fasciata persistans, having found slight differences between his specimens and
published figures ; these differences, however, do not exist in nature. Consider-
able variation occurs in the coloring of the scale vestiture, particularly of the
mesonotum. The ground-color of the mesonotum varies from deep brown to
golden brown and rust- red, with varying degrees of submetallic luster; in some
specimens the pair of narrow median silvery stripes is obsolete or nearly so.
Sometimes the mesonotal ground-color is very light grayish or brownish, with
strong metallic luster, so that the typical silvery markings are hardly discerni-
ble. Theobald notes purple scales on the scutellum of some Australian speci-
mens. The ground-color of the abdomen is more constant, but specimens occur
in which there is a pale, submetallic, median longitudinal stripe and in still
others all the black scales, even on the legs, are replaced by such pale ones.
Variations in the tarsal ornamentation have been also noted. None of these
variations appear to have the character of local races or subspecies and we
do not consider them worthy of the varietal names introduced by some authors.

AEDES KNABI

841

AEDES KNABI (Coquillett) Dyar & Knab.

Culex knabi Coquillett, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 183, 1906.
Aedes knabi Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 203, 1906.
Aedes knabi Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., viii, 16, 1906.

Ochlerotatus knabi Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech. Ser. 11, 18, 1906.
Culex knabi Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 612, 1910.

Original Description of Culex knabi:

Proboscis and palpi black-scaled; head, thorax and scutellum yellow, their scales
and hairs golden yellow, pleura with a few patches of white scales. Abdomen
purple-scaled, front angles of the segments yellow-scaled; venter yellow-scaled and
with an apical band of purple ones on the last four segments. Femora and tibiae
purple-scaled, the basal half of the hind femora and the bases of the others, espe-
cially on the posterior side, yellow-scaled; bases of the first three tarsal joints
white-scaled, covering nearly the whole of the first two joints on the middle and
hind tarsi, scales on remaining portions of tarsi purple; all tarsal claws toothed.
Wings hyaline, the scales brown. Length 5 mm.

Tehuantepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Seven females collected by Mr. Frederick
Knab, for whom this elegant species is named.

Type— No. 8289, U. S. National Museum.

Description of Female and Larva of Aedes knabi (Male Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis rather stout, subcylindrical, slightly enlarged at tip ;
labellaa conically tapered; vestiture black; setae rather long, curved, black, those
on labellse shorter and more prominently outstanding. Palpi moderate, over
one-fourth as long as the proboscis ; vestiture black, setae moderate, stiff.
Antennae filiform, the joints subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, brown ; second
joint slightly enlarged medianly, yellow on basal half; tori subspherical, with a
cup-shaped apical excavation, entirely ochraceous, a few fine black hairs on inner
side; hairs of whorls rather short, sparse, black. Clypeus rounded-triangular,
prominent, brownish-luteous, nude, shining. Occiput yellowish, brown in the
middle, clothed very broadly with narrow, curved scales on the vertex, flat ones
on the sides, light golden yellow; cheeks and under surface yellowish-silvery
scaled ; many erect forked golden scales on nape; bristles along margins of eyes
black, those projecting forward between the eyes golden.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, yellow, clothed with a few
golden scales and brown bristles; mesonotum ocher yellow, rather densely
clothed with narrow curved golden scales, two narrow, submedian longitudinal
lines of slightly darker integument, nude on anterior margin, clothed with
golden scales and some narrow hair-like black scales intermixed ; bristles
over roots of wings and about antescutellar space golden. Scutellum trilobate,
pale luteous, each lobe with golden scales, broad on the mid-lobe, and a large
group of yellow bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, pale luteous, nude.
Pleurae and coxae ochraceous, clothed with small patches of triangular, flat white
scales and rows of pale bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly; dorsal vestiture black with a
submetallic violet reflection, a row of segmentary, lateral, basal, subquadrate
yellowish-silvery or golden patches, becoming larger on posterior segments and
dorsally visible on five, six and seven ; eighth segment with broad basal golden
band dorsally; first segment mostly dark-scaled and with many fine pale hairs;
venter with vestiture violet-black, with golden segmental basal bands becoming
much broadened at the sides. Cerci black.

Wings rather narrow, hyaline, slightly infuscated towards costa ; petiole of
second marginal cell shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell about
equal to its cell ; basal cross-vein more than twice its own length from anterior
cross- vein ; scales of veins dull brown, those on costa blue-black, the outstanding
ones narrowly ligulate, denser on second vein. Halteres whitish, knobs with
yellowish white scales.
54

842

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Legs rather slender, moderately long; vestiture black with a blue reflection;
femora ochraceous towards base ; front and middle knees narrowly silvery- white
scaled ; scales of tibiae somewhat outstanding ; fore tarsi with first joint basally
three-fourths white, second joint basally white; mid tarsi with first joint
entirely white except extreme apex, second joint basally three-fourths white,
third joint with some white scales at base ; hind tarsi with a sprinkling of pale
scales on basal half of first joint, second joint with basal half white, third joint
with a short white mark at base. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 6 mm. ; wing 5.5 mm.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 121, fig. 418). — Head rounded, about as wide as long,
slightly narrowed before eyes, a notch at insertion of antennae, front margin
obtusely pointed. Antennae moderate, slender, smooth, with a single hair at
middle ; three spines at tip and a digit on a long pedestal. Eyes moderate. Both
pairs of dorsal head-hairs single ; ante-antennal tufts three-haired. Mental plate
broad and shortly triangular, with a prominent central tooth and ten on each
side, of which the first eight are small and regular, the last two very large and
produced. Mandible subquadrangular, spined without at base; two filaments
from a notch before tip; an outer row of cilia from a collar; a row of slender
filaments from angular projections on outer margin; dentition of four teeth,
the first largest; a long spine before, a broad filament and five serrate hairs
within; process below shortly bilobed, a broad rounded prominence on outer
side and a short one within on basal lobe, a straight row of hairs ending in a
tuft ; basal angle very slight ; a scattering row of five large hairs within ; a row
of long hairs at base. Maxilla subcylindrical, rounded at tip, twice as long as
wide, divided by a band-shaped suture; inner half with a row of long coarse
hairs near the suture ; a cap of large, coarse, round-tipped spines covering apical
end of maxilla, directed slightly inwards; a single filament from middle of
outer half next the suture and a long spine near tip ; palpus small and rather
slender, with four approximated digits at apex. Lateral hairs of abdomen in
threes on third to fifth segments. Air-tube conically tapered, about three times
as long as wide ; pecten of very dense, coarse short teeth running to middle of
tube, followed by a single long hair ; single pecten-tooth a broad stout spine with
two or three stout basal branches. Lateral comb of eighth segment an irregular
patch of few scales; single scale elliptical, evenly fringed with stout spinules,
of which the terminal three are longer. Anal segment a little longer than wide,
with a dorsal plate reaching over halfway down the sides ; dorsal tuft a long hair
and brush on each side; a single lateral hair; ventral brush well developed,
preceded by some small tufts along ventral line; anal gills short and broad,
lanceolate, showing a very slight central trachea.

The larvae live in the water in hollow trees. Mr. Knab got them twice in such
situations, once in the forest, far from habitations and unassociated with other
species, and once in town and associated with other tree-hole inhabiting mos-
quito larvae.

Semi-arid region of southern Mexico.

Tehuantepec, State of Oaxaca, July 1, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Salina Cruz, State
of Oaxaca, July 15, 1905.

Aides Jcnabi varies in the thoracic ornamentation of the imago. In some of
our specimens the two longitudinal lines are hardly perceptible, while in others
the lines are very distinct, owing to the predominance of the black hair-like
scales. Some specimens also show indistinct darker areas basally above roots
of wings.

AEDES HORTATOR

843

AEDES HORTATOR Dyar & Knab.

Aedes hortator Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 12, 1907.
Aedes hortator Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 485, 1910.

Original Description of Aedes hortator:

Proboscis and palpi black; thorax yellowish, the vestiture consisting of golden
yellow and bronzy brown scales intermixed, the yellow predominating; abdomen
violet black, the fifth and sixth segments with white basal lateral patches, beneath
white; legs dark, hind femora white with black apices. Wing veins brown scaled.
Claws of the female toothed.

2 specimens, Trinidad, B. W. I. (F. W. Urich).

Type.— Cat. No. 10250, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Description of Female of Aedes hortator (Male and Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis rather long, uniform, labellse conically tapered ; vesti-
ture black ; setae small, curved, brownish, those on labeling more prominently
outstanding. Palpi small, about one-sixth as long as the proboscis; vestiture
black, setae moderate, stiff. Antennae filiform, the joints subequal, pilose,
rugose, black; second joint slightly thickened towards middle, yellowish at base ;
tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation ; ochraceous in apical de-
pression, brownish-black externally; hairs of whorls long, sparse, black. Clyp-
eus rounded triangular, depressed, with a narrow median groove, brownish,
nude. Occiput yellow, clothed with flat appressed scales, broadly blue-black in
the middle, a narrow margin along eyes and the lower part of the sides yellow-
scaled; a number of erect pale forked scales on nape; bristles along margins
of eyes and those projecting between the eyes black.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, yellow, with some coarse brown
bristles. Mesonotum brownish-yellow ; vestiture of dense, narrow curved brown-
ish-black scales with golden-brown luster; bristles on anterior margin, over
roots of wings and about antescutellar space coarse, brown. Scutellum trilo-
bate, brownish-luteous, clothed with brownish-black scales, those on mid lobe
broadly triangular, each lobe with a group of brown bristles. Postnotum
elliptical, prominent, brownish-luteous, nude. Pleurae and coxae light ocher
yellow, with rows of pale bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly, ventrally produced into a
longitudinal ridge, the fifth, sixth and seventh segments somewhat expanded
apically ; dorsal vestiture black with a bluish reflection, a row of lateral, seg-
mentary, basal, triangular silvery-white patches, larger and dorsally produced
on fifth, sixth and seventh segments ; first segment with dull black scales and
many fine pale hairs ; venter with yellowish vestiture, the distal segments with
black apical bands, seventh segment black. Cerci black.

Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell half as long as its
cell, that of second posterior cell shorter than its cell ; basal cross-vein more than
its own length from anterior cross- vein ; scales dark brown, costa with a blue
reflection, the outstanding scales narrowly ligulate, dense and broader on second
vein. Halteres whitish, the knobs black scaled.

Legs slender, moderately long ; vestiture black with a blue reflection ; hind
femora silvery-white scaled beneath and outwardly nearly to tip, dorsally on
basal three-fourths; setae of tibiae long. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-1.1.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

The adults were received from Mr. F. W. Urich, and were apparently bred
from water held by the leaf-bases of Bromeliaceae, but we have no positive assur-
ance on the point.

Island of Trinidad, West Indies.

Arima (F. W. Urich).

844

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

AEDES FULVITHORAX (Lutz).

Gualteria fulvithorax Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 47, 1904 (nomen nudum).
Hwmagogus fulvithorax Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 66, 1904.
Gualteria pulvithorax Lutz, Imprensa Medica, 1905, 67, 1905.
Twniorhynchus palliatus Coquillett, Can. Ent., xxxviii, 61, 1906.
Hwmagogus fulvithorax Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 167, 1906.
Twniorhynchus palliatus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. ser. no. 11, 24,
1906.

Gualteria fulvithorax Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 552, 1907.
Gualteria fulvithorax Peryassti, Os Culic. do Brazil, 45, 179, 190S.
Gualteria fulvithorax Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 607, 1910.
Twniorhynchus (?) palliatus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 432, 1910.

Original Description of Gualteria fulvithorax:

(Femea.) Comprimento total 5 mm., sem a tromba que mede 3 mm.

Tromba — Fina, do comprimento do abdomen, guarnecida de pellos finos na porcao
apical, de cor parda ennegrecida.

Palpos — Amarellos, com escamas e pellos pretos.

Clypeus — Proeminente e arredondado, cor de castanha.

Antennas — Pellos maiores pretos e outros, mais curtos, esbranquigados; os tori
de cor de ouro ennegrecido do lado interne Regiao frontal proeminente, cor de
ouro.

Occiput — Preto, guarnecido no meio de escamas fusiformes, estreitas e curvadas,
cor de ouro pallido; dos lados, de outras chatas e imbricadas, e por traz com uma
colleira de escamas erectas e bifurcadas; ha tambem pellos dourados bastante
grandes e curvados para diante.

Lobulos prothoracicos — Escamas e pellos eguaes aos do occiput.

Mesonolum — Escamas eguaes as da parte media do occiput.

Pleuras — Pequenas escamas chatas, lanceoladas, de cor branca um pouco ama-
rellada, formando 8 grupos cada um de 10 para 20 escamas.

Scutellum — Escamas pretas, chatas e pellos compridos, havendo pelo menos 6 de
cada lado e 4 no meio.

Metanotum — Nu, de cor parda de veado.

Abdomen — Em cima, preto, com manchas semilunares basaes, claras, occupando
o V., 3?, 4! e 5! segmentos, sendo um pouco mais extensas no 6?; dos lados ha
grandes manchas brancas, tomando a metade basal e estendendo-se sobre o piano
ventral; na linha mediana ventral domina uma cor amarella dourada; os ultimos
segmentos sao lateralmente comprimidos, estreitos na base, alargados e salientes
do lado ventral no seu apex e terminando-se obliquamente, tendo a extremidade
guarnecida de escamas pretas e pellos amarellos.

Pernas — No par anterior a coxa e a parte basal inferior do femur sao de c5r
pardacenta clara; a tibia e o pe, mais ennegrecidos, havendo algumas escamas mais
claras na articulacao da tibia com o metatarso; no segundo par o femur 6 amarello
na base e do lado ventral, em cima coberto de escamas pretas, marcado no apex com
um ponto branco; a tibia e o pe, pretos, com reflexos mais claros, sendo o ultimo
tarso de cor de bronze; no par posterior o femur tem os % anteriores de cor pardo-
amarella, o ultimo % preto com ponto apical branco; a tibia 6 preta e um pouco
branca no apex, o metatarso com estreita faxa basal de cor branca; no resto 6 preto
como os tarsos que sao apenas um pouco mais claros na base. Unhas inermes e
eguaes; as dos 4 pes anteriores um pouco maiores.

Azas — Escamas do typo de culex; primeira cellula forqueada, comprida e
estreita ; segunda, menor e um pouco mais larga; as veias transversaes a e b formam
um angulo muito obtuso, aberto para a base da aza, da qual c se approxima por cerca
de 2 vezes o seu comprimento.

Halteres — Brancos, com capitulo preto.

Nota. — A descripcao e feita d'um exemplar proveniente da ponte de Ipe-Arcado,
na fronteira de Goyaz.

Original Description of Taniorhynchus palliatus:

Proboscis wholly black scaled, palpi mixed black and yellow, occiput and meso-
notum golden-yellow scaled, a large spot on posterior half of mesonotum almost
devoid of scales (rubbed?), pleura with several spots of whitish ones. Abdomen
black scaled, with a strong tinge of purple, a spot of yellow scales at bases of the
third and fourth segments, and of white ones at base of each of the following three
segments, a patch of white scales in the outer front angles of each segment; venter
black scaled, and with a median stripe of yellow ones on the first four segments.
Legs black scaled, those on the under side of each femur yellow; a spot of white

AEDES FULVITHORAX

845

scales at apex of each femur; base of first joint of each tarsus white scales; tarsal
claws simple. "Wings hyaline, scales brown, narrow-lanceolate and linear inter-
mixed. Length about 3 mm.

Trinidad, West Indies. A female collected by Mr. F. W. Urich. Type: No. 9140,
U. S. National Museum.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes fulvithorax:

Female. — Proboscis rather long, slender, uniform ; labellae conically tapered ;
vestiture black; setae minute, black, those on labellae more prominently out-
standing. Palpi short, about one-fifth as long as the proboscis ; vestiture black,
setae moderate. Antennae filiform, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black ;
tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, entirely ochraceous, a few
black hairs within ; second joint thickened at middle, pale at base ; hairs of
whorls moderate, sparse, black. Clypeus broad, rounded triangular, depressed,
hiteous brown, nude. Eyes black. Occiput dark brown, clotbed very broadly
on the vertex with narrow, curved, bright golden yellow scales, broader golden
yellow ones on the sides ; cheeks bright silvery ; many erect forked golden
yellow scales on the nape; setae along margins of eyes black, those projecting
between the eyes yellow.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, luteous, clothed with narrow,
curved, golden-yellow scales and dark brown bristles. Mesonotum luteous,
densely clothed with narrow, curved, bright golden scales, intermixed above
roots of wings with a few brown ones, a narrow stripe of brown scales on either
side of antescutellar space; bristles coarse, yellowish-brown. Scutellum trilo-
bate, clothed with narrow curved golden scales, two submedian patches of broad
black scales, and a small one on each lateral lobe, each lobe with a. group of
about eight brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, brownish-luteous,
nude. Pleura? and coxae yellowish, clothed with patches of flat silvery white
scales and rows of dark bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly, fifth to seventh segments
apically expanded beneath ; dorsal vestiture blue-black, third and fourth seg-
ments with median, basal, golden triangular patches, fifth, sixth and seventh
segments with silvery, median, transverse, basal patches ; a row of large, lateral,
silvery basal spots dorsally produced towards middles of segments ; first seg-
ment with blue-black scales and many fine pale hairs ; venter yellowish-scaled at
base, fifth, sixth and seventh segments black-scaled with yellowish basal bands.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; stem of second marginal cell much shorter than
its cell, that of second posterior cell about equal to its cell ; basal cross-vein more
than its own length distant from anterior cross-vein ; scales brown, costa with a
blue-back reflection, the outstanding scales ligulate, denser on forks of second
vein. Halteres whitish, the knobs dark and with a fringe of minute white scales.

Legs slender, moderately long; vestiture blue-black; femora pale golden at
base and beneath, the anterior pair to apex, the middle and hind pairs nearly
to tips; knees of hind and middle pairs broadly silvery; tibiae blue black, nar-
rowly pale within ; first tarsal joint of hind leg white on its basal fifth, a similar
smaller white mark on fore and middle tarsi, the remaining joints blue-black.
Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, long and slender, blue black. Palpi very slender,
as long as the proboscis, uniform, the terminal joints not enlarged and without
long hairs ; vestiture entirely blue-black. Antenna? plumose, the last two joints
long and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others short, pale, dark at insertions
of hair-whorls ; hairs of whorls long, dense, black with a pale reflection. Colora-
tion similar to the female. Abdomen elongate, the lateral silvery spots visible
dorsally, the black scales at sides and beneath outstanding on last four seg-

846

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

ments; third, fourth, fifth and sixth segments with yellow bristles at apical
angles. Wings narrower than in the female, stalks of the fork-cells longer,
the vestiture less abundant, the outstanding scales of veins narrowly ovate.
Claw formula, 1.0-1.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 33, fig. 222) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, nar-
rowly conical ; apical lobe absent, basal lobe angular, its tip semi-detached as a
short column bearing a long coarse seta. Clasp-filament long, slightly swollen
in the middle, with a long articulated terminal spine. Harpes narrow, strongly
revolute, columnar, tip turned over and pointed. Harpagones absent (unless
the organ described as the basal lobe of the side-piece represents them). Unci
contiguous, revolute, forming a large basal cylinder. Basal appendages short,
bearing four long spines.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 123, fig. 425). — Head rounded, widest through eyes,
but more circular than usual ; antennae rather long, slender, uniform, smooth,
with a single hair at middle; both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single, ante-
antennal tuft small, three-haired. Skin of body smooth. Lateral comb of
eighth segment of about sixteen scales in a patch, each scale elongate, rounded,
evenly fringed with short spinules. Air-tube stout, about two and a half times
as long as wide, tapering outwardly; pecten of about fifteen evenly spaced
teeth, not reaching to the middle of the tube, closely followed by a single three-
haired tuft. Anal segment about as long as wide, with a dorsal plate reaching
well down the sides ; dorsal tuft a long hair and tuft of four hairs on each side;
ventral brush well developed, confined to the barred area; anal gills very large
and thick, bluntly rounded, over twice as long as the segment, the upper pair
thicker, more blunt, and a little longer than the lower pair.

The larvae live in the water in hollow trees. Mr. TJrich forwarded specimens
found by Dr. J. R. Dickson in such a location.

Forest regions of tropical South America.

Agua Santa, Trinidad, June 24, 1905 (F. W. Urich). Reported also from
the States of Sao Paulo (Lutz), Rio de Janeiro and Bahia (Peryassii), Brazil.

The thoracic ornamentation of the imago is subject to variation, the dorsal
vestiture being sometimes entirely golden.

AEDES SEPTEMSTRIATUS Dyar & Knab.

Aedes septemstriatus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 10, 1907.
Aedes septemstriatus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 485, 1910.

Original Description of Aedes septemstkiatus :

Proboscis and palpi black; head bronzy yellow behind the eyes, two blue-black
spots upon the vertex separated by a golden line; thorax deep brown with seven
narrow golden lines and the front margin golden; a median dorsal line, narrow in
front, broadened towards the scutellum, a narrow line on each side of it which stops
at the basal fourth of the thorax, outside of these are two slightly oblique lines
which extend from the base to the middle of the thorax, lateral marginal stripe
extends down the sides in the form of large golden patches; pleura silvery. Abdo-
men blue-black with median white basal spots on some of the segments, the three
last segments spotted with silver at the sides; under surface black with white bands.
Legs; first pair black, the base of the first tarsal joint silvery; middle legs black,
knees silvery, hind legs black, femora tipped with silver, the base of the first tarsal
joint silvery. Tarsal claws of the female simple.

3 specimens, Bluefields, Nicaragua (W. F. Thornton).

Type— Cat. no. 10144, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Differs from any described Aedes with simple claws known to us in the median
dorsal thoracic line.

Description of Female of Aedes septemstriatus (Male and Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis rather slender, uniform, labellse conically tapered ; vesti-
ture black; setae minute, curved, black, those on labellae more prominently out-

AEDES SEXLINEATA

847

standing. Palpi short, about one-fifth the length of the proboscis; vestiture
black, seta? moderate, outstanding. Antennae filiform, the joints subequal,
pilose, black; second joint slightly thickened, fusiform, pale at base and bear-
ing a few black scales ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation,
ochraceous, blackish on inner side; hairs of whorls sparse, black, moderate.
Clypeus rounded triangular, convex, pale brown, nude. Eyes black. Occiput
pale brown, clothed entirely with broad flat scales except a narrow line of curved
lanceolate ones medianly, golden yellow, a large patch of black ones on either
side of median line and not reaching the eyes ; many erect forked golden yellow
scales on the nape ; bristles along margins of eyes black, those projecting between
the eyes pale brown.

Prothoraeic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, ochraceous, with broad yellowish-
silvery scales and brown bristles. Mesonotum clothed with narrow, curved
scales, dark bronzy-brown, with lines of golden yellow; a narrow median line,
widening and dividing posteriorly to inclose the antescutellar space, a narrow
line on either side of it from anterior edge to posterior fourth, a slightly broader
line on sides of disk beginning at the middle and running to posterior border,
a broader area along lateral margin, slightly incised by the dark color at its
middle and disconnected behind to form a small spot at roots of wings ; bristles
coarse, brown. Scutellum trilobate, clothed with narrow, curved golden-yellow
and broad, flat black scales, the black scales on the mid lobe divided by basally
and apical ly broadened patch of golden scales; each lobe with a group of brown
bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, luteous, nude. Pleurae brown, coxae
luteous, clothed with patches of broad silvery-white scales and rows of brown
bristles, the anterior angles broadly clothed with narrow, curved golden scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapered posteriorly, fifth to seventh segments ex-
panded posteriorly beneath ; dorsal vestiture blue-black, a row of median, basal,
broadly triangular silvery spots on segments three to seven, the distal three
silvery white, the others golden ochraceous ; a row of lateral, basal, segmental,
subquadrate silvery-white spots ; venter yellowish scaled, the last three segments
nearly entirely black-scaled.

Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell about half as long
as its cell, that of second posterior cell somewhat shorter than its cell ; basal
cross-vein distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales brown,
a blue-black reflection on costa, outstanding scales broadly ligulate, narrowly
elliptical and denser toward apex of wing. Halteres whitish, with black knobs.

Legs slender, moderately long; vestiture blue-black; femora white at base,
the hind pair silvery beneath for three-fourths their length ; knees of middle and
hind legs silver-scaled; tibiae blue-black; basal joint of tarsi white-ringed at
base, the other joints blue-black. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Life history and habits unknown.

Nicaragua.

Bluefields (W. P. Thornton).

AEDES SEXLINEATA (Theobald).

Stegomyia sexlineata Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 308, 1901.
Stegomyia sexlineata Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 377, 1902.
Stegomyia sexlineata Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., vi, 238, 1903.
Stegomyia sexlineata Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 260, 1905.
Hwmagogus sexlineata Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 166, 1906.
Oymnometopa sexlineata Coquillett, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 183, 1906.
Gymnometopa sexlineata Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 25,
1906.

Oymnometopa sexlineata Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 210, 1907.
Oymnometopa sexlineata Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 219, 1910.

848

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Original Description of Stegomyia sexlineata:

Thorax deep brownish-black, with two median parallel yellow scaled lines and
two pairs of lateral pale creamy curved lines on the front of the mesonotum.
Abdomen deep brown, with narrow pale creamy basal bands and pure white lateral
spots, the last two segments with pure silvery-white basal bands. Legs deep brown;
metatarsi and some of the tarsi with basal white bands; knee spot and also a spot
on the femora pure white; ungues of 5 equal and simple.

$. Head deep brown, covered with flat black scales, with a median and lateral
lines of creamy scales and with dull white scales at the sides; the scales of the
median creamy line are of rather different form to those of the rest of the head,
numerous black bristles projecting forwards and inwards and a few at the sides;
projecting forwards in the middle line between the eyes are a few yellowish bristles;
on the back of the head are a few small black upright forked scales. Antennae deep
black, unhanded, the basal joint with silvery-white flat scales; clypeus black; palpi
black scaled, the apices of the last two segments being white scaled above, and there
are also a few white scales on their whole upper surface; proboscis rather long
and thin, deep black.

Thorax deep brownish-black to almost jet-black, densely covered with narrow
curved scales, applied to the surface somewhat closely; those on the major area
are deep brownish-black, there are two median nearly parallel creamy-yellow scaled
lines, which extend right back to the scutellum and which become almost white before
reaching it, then two pairs of lateral curved lines of similar colour which die out
about the middle of the mesonotum, the innermost pair being slightly the longer;
just beneath and in front of the roots of the wings is a white scaled spot and numer-
ous pale bristles projecting over their roots; scutellum brown, with small flat black
scales, and a few grey ones on the middle of the mid lobe; posterior border-bristles
rather pale, five to the mid lobe; metanotum deep chestnut-brown; pleurae black,
with patches of pure white scales.

Abdomen steely black, covered with dusky brownish-black scales; first and second
segments unhanded, the third to the sixth with narrow creamy basal bands, the
seventh and eighth showing pure silvery-white basal bands, the seventh rather in-
complete, all the segments with pure silvery-white lateral spots, which show dorsally
on the fifth to seventh segments; these lateral spots are median and their scales
rather project ventrally; posterior border-bristles pale golden-brown, longest at the
sides of the segments; venter black, the white lateral spots, however, showing very
prominently on the venter when the abdomen is empty.

Legs with the coxae dark with some white scales; femora deep brownish-black,
white scaled at the base and partly beneath, apex pure white, and there is also a
pure white round spot on one side on its apical half; tibiae deep brownish-black with
pallid bristles; metatarsi basally white, those of the hind legs but little more than
half the length of the hind tibiae; first tarsal joint of the fore and mid legs basally
white, remainder black, in the hind legs the first and second tarsi are broadly banded
with white at their base (the banding is apparently not always complete), last two
tarsi black; ungues equal and simple.

"Wings rather dusky brown, the veins clothed with brown scales, the lateral ones
long but rather broader than in Gulex; fork-cells short, the first sub-marginal cell
a little longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, their stems about equal
and their bases about level; the stems equal to about two-thirds of the length of
the cells; sub-costal joins the costal some distance from the bases of the fork-cells
and almost level with the supernumerary and mid cross-veins; posterior cross-vein
nearly twice its own length distant from the mid cross-vein; fringed brown, rather
paler at the base, posterior border scales deep brown, rather long and narrow.
Halteres with ochraceous brown stem, fuscous knob with grey scales.

Length. — 4 mm.

Time of capture. — December (Urich) (102).
Habitat. — Trinidad, at Agua Santa.

Observations. — Described from a single perfect J in beautiful condition. It forms
quite a distinct species, coming near 8. notoscripta, Skuse, in thoracic ornamenta-
tion, but clearly distinct from it in arrangement and also by the absence of the
proboscis band and head ornamentation. I have seen no specimens from elsewhere.

Description of Female of Aedes sexlineata (Male and Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis long and slender, subcylindrical, uniform; vestiture
black ; setas minute, curved, black, those on labellae more prominently outstand-
ing. Palpi about one-fifth the length of the proboscis, slightly thickened by
scales at the tips; vestiture black, with a patch of silvery-white scales near

AEDES WALKERI

849

middle, the tips broadly silvery-white. Antennae filiform, the joints subequal,
rugose, pilose, dark brown, second joint slightly thickened, clothed with black
scales on inner side; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation,
luteous, black and with a group of small, flat silvery-white scales on inner
side. Clypeus elliptical, prominent, convex, flattened in middle, dark brown,
nude. Byes black. Occiput clothed almost entirely with flat appressed scales,
a few lanceolate ones along median line, bluish-black, a narrow silvery-white
median line and a broader lateral one, cheeks silvery-white ; bristles along
margins of eyes black, those projecting between the eyes pale.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, brown, clothed with black scales,
a ridge of white scales in the middle, and with many dark bristles. Mesonotum
black, clothed with narrow, curved, dark blackish-brown scales and with six
narrow, longitudinal, about equidistant lines of pale-yellow scales, running
from anterior margin to scutellum; the median pair nearly parallel, converging
slightly towards antescutellar space ; second pair wavy, curved outwardly on
anterior half ; outer pair marginal and enclosing a dark spot before roots of
wings ; bristles coarse, the anterior ones black, those over roots of wings
and about antescutellar space pale yellow. Scutellum trilobate, brown ;
vestiture of broad, flat, blackish-brown scales, the mid lobe with a median line
of narrower white scales, each lobe with a group of pale yellow bristles. Post-
notum elliptical, prominent, blackish, nude, with a slight pruinosity. Pleurae
and coxae blackish, clothed with patches of flat, elliptical, silvery-white scales
and a small patch of black ones on each coxa; bristles small, pale.

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly, sixth and seventh segments
expanded apically beneath ; dorsal vestiture of blue-black scales, a band of yel-
low-white ones at base of each segment, broadest at middle and not attaining the
lateral margins, those on last two segments silvery; a series of large, triangular,
silvery-white lateral patches, showing in a dorsal view on posterior segments,
their hind margins transverse and one point reaching base of segment ; venter
black-scaled, the segments with broad basal bands of yellowish or silvery-white
scales; bristles coarse. Cerci not prominent.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell about one-third
as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell only a little shorter than its cell ;
basal cross-vein more than its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales deep
brown, those on costa black with a bluish reflection, the outstanding ones ligu-
late, with rounded tips, those on second vein dense and much broader. Halteres
whitish, with dark knobs.

Legs slender, moderately long ; vestiture black, marked with white ; femora
with a narrow yellowish line beneath which terminates in a silvery-white lateral
spot at outer third, tips of anterior pair narrowly, of middle and posterior pairs
broadly silvery-white ; front and middle tibia? with a narrow yellowish line on
outer side, on inner side in hind pair, bases broadly white beneath ; hind tarsi
with a white ring at base of each joint except the last two, which are entirely
dark, the ring on the third joint broadest, extending to apical third ; front and
mid tarsi with first two joints broadly ringed at base. Claw formula, 0.0-
0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm.; wing 3.5 mm.
Life history and habits unknown.
Island of Trinidad, West Indies.

Agua Santa, July 10, 1899 (P. W. Urich) ; Trinidad, June, 1905 (A. Busck).

AEDES WALKERI (Theobald) Dyar & Knab.

Culex (Stegomyiaf) walkeri Theobald, Mon. Culic. i, 424, 1901.
Howardina walkeri Theobald, Mon. Culic., Iii, 287, 1903.
Howardina walkeri Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiii, 27, 1905.
Culex walkeri Blanehard, Les Moustiques, 312, 1905.

850

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Howardina walkeri Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 416, 1905.

Howardina walkeri Theobald & Grabham, Mosq. or Culic. of Jamaica, 20, 1905.
Aedes walkeri Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 192, 1906.
Howardina walkeri Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 26, 1906.
Hcemagogus walkeri Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 166, 1906.
Howardina walkeri Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 215, 1907.
Howardina walkeri Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 220, 1910.

Original Description of Culex (Steqomyia?) walkeri:

Thorax chestnut-brown, with a broad greyish-white scaled area on each side of
the mesonotum. Fore and mid legs apparently unhanded, pale at the base of the
femora; base of the metatarsi and first two tarsal joints of the hind legs banded
with white. Abdomen brown, showing traces of white basal banding.

Length. — 4 mm.

Habitat. — Jamaica.

Observations. — The above is a note I made on a specimen in the old collection at
the British Museum, labelled C. fasciatus, F. It is certainly not fasciatus, and is
quite distinct from any known species. Nothing approaching it has been received
from the West Indies. It is in poor condition, and is probably a Stegomyia; the
marked thoracic ornamentation should at once render its identity easy. If a true
Gulex its position in the table would be after C. Japonicus, mihi. The head and
scutellum are too damaged to say definitely to which genus it belongs, so it is placed
provisionally in Culex.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes walkeri:

Female. — Proboscis rather long, subcylindrical, uniform; vestiture black;
setae minute, curved, black, those on labella? more prominently outstanding.
Palpi about one-fifth the length of the proboscis, slightly thickened with scales
at the tip; vestiture black, tips silvery-white. Antennae filiform, the joints
subequal, rugose, black, with long pilosity; second joint slightly thickened
towards apex, pale at base ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excava-
tion, ochraceous ; hairs of whorls sparse, rather long, brown. Clypeus elliptical,
prominent, dark brown, nude. Eyes black. Occiput clothed with flat ap-
pressed scales, a rather narrow area of narrow curved ones along median line,
Waek, a rather broad, silvery-white median stripe continued forward between
eyes, a broad lateral yellowish-white area extending to cheeks and inclosing a
small, black, lateral spot on ocular margin ; some upright forked pale scales well
back on the nape ; bristles along margins of eyes black, none projecting forward
between eyes.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, browu on upper angle, densely
clothed with large, broad silvery-white scales and with dark bristles. Meso-
notum deep brown, clothed with narrow, curved scales, dark blackish-brown on
the disk, two narrow, longitudinal golden-yellow lines, discontinued before ante-
scutellar space and followed from that point by a single broader silvery line
across antescutellar space, a narrow golden line on each side of antescutellar
space running forward to middle of disk, sides of mesonotum broadly silvery-
white scaled, broadest on anterior third; bristles over roots of wings pale
golden. Scutellum trilobate, pale brown, clothed with blackish-brown scales,
middle lobe with a narrow central silvery-white line continuous with that on
mesonotum, each lobe with a group of pale golden bristles. Postnotum elliptical,
prominent, nude, brown, with a slight pruinosity. Pleura? and coxa? luteous,
clothed with patches of flat elliptical silvery-white scales ; bristles small, pale.

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly, sixth and seventh segments
somewhat expanded apically beneath ; dorsal vestiture of greenish-black scales,
with rather broad bands of dull yellow scales at bases of segments, broadest
medianly, laterally abbreviated on second and third segments, on succeeding seg-
ments touching the lateral spots, last two segments with silvery basal bands ; a
series of large, lateral, segmental, triangular silvery-white patches, showing in
a dorsal view on the posterior segments ; first segment black scaled, with many

AEDES WALKERI

851

fine pale hairs ; venter silvery-white scaled, the posterior segments banded with
black at the apices.

Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell about half as long
as its cell, that of second posterior cell a little longer than its cell ; basal cross-
vein more than its own length from anterior cross- vein ; scales dark brown, the
outstanding ones narrowly ligulate. Halteres whitish, with dark knobs.

Legs slender, moderately long; vestiture black, marked with silvery- white ;
femora broadly white beneath except towards tip on fore and mid legs; knees
narrowly silvery-white; tibiae entirely black; hind tarsi with a broad white ring
at bases of first three joints, the last two entirely dark; fore and middle tarsi
with only the first joint narrowly white at base. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length: Body about 3.5 mm.; wing 2.8 mm.

Male. — Proboscis long and slender, nearly straight, black scaled. Palpi as
long as the proboscis, slender, the terminal joints not enlarged and with a few
long bristles only ; vestiture bronzy-black, the last two joints with a patch of
silvery-white scales basally beneath. Antennas plumose, the last two joints long
and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others short, pale, ringed with black at in-
sertions of hair-whorls ; hairs long, dense, brownish black. Coloration similar to
the female. Abdomen elongate, depressed, the lateral filiation coarse, short and
rather sparse. Wings nearly as broad as in the female, the scales less abundant.
Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 3.5 mm. ; wing 2.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 33, fig. 223) : Side-pieces about twice as long as wide, tips
conically tapered ; apical lobe absent, basal lobe broadly conical, bearing a single
stout terminal seta. Clasp-filament moderate, slightly enlarged at base, with a
long articulated terminal spine. Harpes elliptical, inner margins and the tip
broadly thickened and revolute, narrow at end and bent over, a few small seta?
on outer aspect. Harpagones wanting. Unci approximate, revolute, forming
a stout basal cylinder. Basal appendages absent, represented by a group of four
stout setae on either side.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 125, fig. 433). — Head rounded, slightly wider than
long, narrowed at insertion of antennas. Antennas cylindrical, rather slender,
very slightly tapered, sparsely spined all over ; a single hair a little beyond the
middle ; three moderate and one long terminal spine and a digit on a pedestal.
Eyes moderate, transverse. Upper pair of dorsal head-hairs single and long,
lower pair shorter, of four hairs ; ante-antennal tuft multiple. Mental plate
triangular, large, a central sharp tooth and eleven on each side, alike, closely
set, their tips inclined inward. Mandible quadrangular, a group of small spines
without; two stout filaments near tip, each with a spine at base; an outer row of
coarse cilia from a well-defined collar; another row on outer margin ; dentition
of one large and three small teeth on a narrow process; two small filaments
above, a serrate filament and four plumose ones within ; process below furcate,
with a row of hairs above and a tuft at tip of each limb; five stout hairs within ;
five long hairs at base. Maxilla nearly hemispherical, bisected by a band-shaped
suture ; inner half densely haired ; a brush of hairs at tip, two long processes
near the suture and a spine on the other side ; palpus narrowly joined to body
of maxilla, about four times as long as wide, with small spines before the tip
and four terminal digits, two of which are on an elevated base. Thorax rounded,
wider than long; hairs moderate. Abdomen moderate, the anterior segments
shorter; lateral hairs of first two segments in tufts of three, double on third to
fifth, single on sixth; short hairs in large stellate tufts on both thorax and
abdomen. Thorax smooth, abdomen densely and coarsely pubescent. Air-tube
moderately stout, about two and a half times as long as wide, slightly tapered ;

852

MOSQUITOES OP NORTH AMERICA

pecten extending nearly to tip, of very long teeth on basal half, shorter and
slightly more sparse beyond ; a slender hair-tuft a little beyond middle of tube ;
single peel en-tooth a long simple tapered spine. Lateral comb of eighth seg-
ment a series of long, stout, bar-like scales in a straight row ; single scale a long
tapering shaft, six times as long as wide, fringed with short spinules. Anal
segment about as long as wide, with a dorsal plate reaching well towards ventral
line, densely pilose, and with a row of long spines on posterior margin, a
multiple tuft at posterior angle ; dorsal tuft a long hair and a tuft of very long
hairs on each side ; ventral brush very large, inserted in a rhomboidal chitinous
plate, which it pierces in a double row of alternating holes ; anal gills long,
regularly tapered.

The larvae live in the water between the leaves of Bromeliaceae. Dr. G-rabham
found them in Tillandsia utriculata Linnaeus and Caraguata lingulata (L.)
Lindley. He says that the larvae are very timid, hurrying to the bottom on the
slightest provocation. Confined in a bottle they avoided light and stayed on the
dark side. The length of the pupa stage is nearly four days. In the larva the
pecten of the breathing-tube shows considerable variation; in some specimens
the pecten-teeth are nearly evenly spaced to the end, in others the last third of
the pecten consists of a few well separated teeth.

Island of Jamaica, West Indies.

Mavis Bank, 5000 feet (M. Grabham).

It would seem as if Aides walkeri should have representatives on other islands
of the Greater Antilles, but such have not come to hand. More careful col-
lecting may, however, reveal them, as very little has been done towards investi-
gating the mosquito fauna of the Bromeliaceaa in those islands.

AEDES QUADRIVITTATUS (Coquillett) Dyar & Knab.

Culex quadrivittatus Coquillett, Can. Ent., xxxiv, 293, 1902.
Culex quadrivittatus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 628, 1905.

Ochlerotatus quadrivittatus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 20,
1906.

Aedes quadrivittatus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 11, 1907.
Culex quadrivittatus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 395, 1910.
Aedes quadrivittatus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 486, 1910.

Aedes quadrivittatus Picado, Bull. Scient. France, Belg., 7 ser., xlvii, 353, 1913.

Original Description of Culex quadrivittatus:

Differs from atropalpus as follows: Scales at apices of palpi and several on
the upper side white, scales of occiput yellowish and with four patches of black
ones; scales of mesonotum black with four vittae, and lateral margin of golden
yellow ones; abdomen black scales, each segment with a lateral patch of white ones
extending nearly to the middle of the venter; scales of legs at apices of tibiae and
of joints of tarsi black, on the last two joints of the hind tarsi wholly black, tarsal
claws simple.

Length, 4.5 mm. Eight females received, June 13, by Dr. L. O. Howard from Prof.
Gustav Eisen, of San Francisco, Cal. Type: No. 6560, U. S. N. M.
Habitat. — Chacula, Guatemala (6,600 feet altitude).

Description of Female of Aedes quadrivittatus (Male and Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis rather long, subcylindrical, uniform; vestiture black;
setae minute, curved, black, those on labellaa more prominently outstanding.
Palpi about one-fifth the length of the proboscis ; vestiture black, tip narrowly
silvery-white. Antennas filiform, the joints subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose,
dark brown; second joint swollen; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apica'
excavation, luteous, brown and with a group of small pale-yellow scales on inner
side. Clypeus elliptical, prominent, dark brown, nude. Eyes black. Occiput
clothed entirely with broad, flat appressed scales, those along middle line but
slightly narrowed, brownish-black, a broad, pale golden-yellow median line, a

AEDES ALBONOTATA

853

still broader lateral one joined behind to the whitish vestiture on lower part of
sides ; a row of yellowish erect forked scales on the nape ; bristles along margins
of eyes coarse, brown, those projecting forward on vertex golden-yellow.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, clothed with broad flat white
scales below, golden-yellow lanceolate ones above. Mesonotum black, clothed
with narrow, curved brownish-black scales and with four nan'ow, longitudinal,
nearly parallel lines of golden-yellow scales running from anterior margin to
scutellum, the median pair slightly more approximated towards middle and
behind inclosing antescutellar space, second pair broadening gradually on
anterior half and involving anterior angles, a large marginal patch of golden-
yellow scales before wing insertions; bristles over roots of wings pale yellow.
Scutellum trilobate, each lobe with a small group of yellowish bristles; vesti-
ture brownish-black, a patch of golden-yellow scales on mid lobe. Post-
notum elliptical, prominent, blackish, nude, with a slight pruinosity. Pleurae
dark brown, coxae luteous, clothed with patches of flat, elliptical yellowish-white
scales ; bristles small, pale.

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly, sixth and seventh segments
apically expanded beneath; dorsal vestiture velvet-black, a. median series of
small, basal, segmental yellowish spots on second to fifth segments, a series of
large, subquadrate lateral silvery-white patches, showing in dorsal view on
fourth to eighth segments ; first segment black scaled and with many fine pale
hairs ; venter black, segments with V-shaped yellowish-white basal bands.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell about half as long
as its cell, that of second posterior cell only a little shorter than its cell ; basal
cross-vein more than its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales dull brown,
costa with blue luster, the outstanding ones long, broadly linear, denser towards
apex of wing, particularly on second vein. Halteres whitish, with dark knobs.

Legs long and slender; vestiture black, marked with white; femora pale at
base and white beneath except towards tips, the anterior pair to tips; knees
narrowly silvery- white ; tibiae black, narrowly white at base beneath; hind tarsi
with moderately broad white rings at bases of first three joints, mid and fore
tarsi with a white ring on first two joints only. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : P>ody about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

The larvae live in the water between the leaves of bi'omeliaceous plants;
imagos have been bred from larvae found in epiphytic bromeliads by C. Picado.
The species appears to be restricted to the elevated portions of Central America.

Guatemala and southward to Costa Pica.

Chacula, Guatemala, 6600 feet, June 13, 1902 (G. Eisen) ; La Pitahaya.
near Cartago, Costa Pica, 1400 meters, November (C. Picado).

AEDES ALBONOTATA (Coquillett) Dyar & Knab.

Gymnometopa albonotata Coquillett, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 183, 1906.
Aedes albonotata Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 196, 1906.
Aedes albonotata Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., viii, 15, 1906.
Hwmagogus albonotata Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 166, 1906.
Gymnometopa albonotata Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 25,
1906.

Gymnometopa albonotata Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 211, 1907.
Gymnometopa albonotata Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 219, 1910.

Original Description of Gymnometopa albonotata:

Like busckii, the only apparent differences being the presence of a silvery dot in
middle of front margin of the mesonotum, and a distinct white band at base of first
two joints of the front and middle tarsi and of each joint in the palpi of the male;
the broad apices of the palpi of the female are white-scaled.

San Francisco Mts., Santo Domingo, West Indies. Five males and three females
collected by Mr. A. Busck.

Type— No. 8297, U. S. National Museum.

Dr. Dyar informs me that the larva is readily separable from that of busckii.

854

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes albonotata:

Female. — Proboscis rather long and slender, subcylindrical, uniform ; vesti-
ture black ; setae minute curved, black, those on labellse more prominently out-
standing. Palpi about one-fifth the length of the proboscis ; vestiture black,
tips narrowly silvery-white. Antennae filiform, the joints subequal, rugose,
coarsely pilose, brown; second joint slightly swollen towards apex; tori sub-
spherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, luteous, brown within ; hairs of
whorls moderate, brown. Clypeus elliptical, prominent, dark brown, nude.
Eyes black. Occiput clothed entirely with flat appressed scales, those along
middle line narrower and longer, brownish-black, a rather broad, silvery-white
median line extending forward between eyes and apically produced into a tuft
of long scales projecting between tori ; sides and cheeks white, inclosing a large
black spot near ocular margin; many erect, forked brownish-black scales well
back on the nape ; bristles along margins of eyes black, none projecting between
eyes.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, luteous, brown on upper angle,
clothed with broad silvery-white scales in the middle and with dark bristles.
Mesonotum brown, clothed with narrow, curved, very dark bronzy-brown scales
and with four longitudinal, evenly spaced, narrow lines on the disk, the
median pair of golden and silver scales intermixed and extending from
anterior margin to antescutellar space, followed by a median silvery line
across antescutellar space, a narrow golden line at either side of ante-
scutellar space extending forward to middle of disk, a narrow lateral mar-
gin of broadly elliptical silvery-white scales from base of wing to anterior
angles, a small median white patch on anterior margin; bristles over roots of
wings deep brown. Scutellum trilobate, brown, clothed with broad brownish-
black scales, middle lobe with a central line of silvery-white scales, each lobe
with a group of deep brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, brown,
nude, with a slight pruinosity. Pleurae brownish, coxa? luteous, clothed with
patches of flat elliptical silvery-white scales ; bristles small, pale.

Abdomen subcylindrical, abruptly tapering posteriorly, sixth and seventh
segments apically expanded beneath; dorsal vestiture of dull blue-black scales,
an indistinct, dull yellow, median spot at bases of third, fourth and fifth seg-
ments; a series of large, lateral, segmental, basal, subquadrate silvery-white
patches, produced and showing in dorsal view on seventh and eighth segments;
first segment black scaled, with many fine pale hairs ; venter yellowish silvery-
white scaled, with apical black segmental bands.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell about one-third as
long as its cell, that of second posterior cell only a little shorter than its cell ;
basal cross-vein more than its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales dull
brown, costa with a blue reflection, the outstanding scales broadly linear, denser
and broader on second vein. Halteres whitish, with dark knobs.

Legs slender, rather long; vestiture black, marked with white; femora pale
at base and beneath on basal half; knees silvery-white, broadly on hind legs;
tibiae entirely blue-black, front pair with a silvery spot dorsally at apex; tarsi
of hind legs with a broad white ring at bases of first three joints, that of third
joint very broad, involving three-fourths of joint ; middle tarsi with white rings
at bases of first two joints ; fore tarsi with a white ring at base of second joint.

Length : Body about 3.5 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, rather long and slender, black scaled. Palpi as
long as the proboscis, slender, the terminal joints not enlarged and with a few
long bristles only ; vestiture black, a white ring at middle of long joint and at
bases of last two joints. Antennae plumose, the last two joints long and slender,
rugose, pilose, black, the others short, pale, ringed with black at insertions of

AEDES AUREOSTRIATA

855

hair-whorls ; hairs of whorls long, Hack, not as dense as usual in males. Colora-
tion similar to the female. Abdomen elongate, dorsally depressed, lateral cilia-
tion of sparse irregular black hairs. Wings about as broad as in the female, the
scales less abundant. Claw formula, 2.0-2.0-0.0.
Length : Body about 3.5 mm. ; wing 2.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 33, fig. 219) : Side-pieces about twice as long as wide, tips
conically tapered ; apical lobe absent, basal lobe broadly conical, bearing a single
stout terminal seta. Clasp-filament long, slender, slightly enlarged at base, with
a long articulated terminal spine. Harpes elliptical, inner margins and tip
broadly thickened and revolute, end bent over. Harpagones wanting. Unci
approximate, revolute, forming a stout basal cylinder. Basal appendages absent,
represented by a group of several stout seta? on either side.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 124, fig. 430). — Head rounded, widest through eyes,
a slight notch at insertion of antenna?, front margin broadly arcuate. Antenna?
slender, moderate, uniform, a single hair near middle ; three short spines and a
digit at tip. Upper pair of dorsal head-hairs single, lower pair double, ante-
antennal hairs double. Mental plate broadly triangular, with a central tooth
and twelve on each side, the last small. Mandible quadrangular, slightly spined
at base ; a filament and three short ones before tip ; an outer row of cilia from a
collar; a dense row of long filaments on outer margin, the two basal ones
feathered ; dentition of four teeth on a process, the first longest ; a spine before,
a trifid tooth at base, a broad smooth filament and row of long feathered hairs
within; process below furcate, with a longitudinal median row of hairs and a
tuft at tip of each limb ; basal angle small, with a row of hairs within and a row
at base. Maxilla elongate conical, divided by a suture; inner half with a
rounded enlargement at base bearing two filaments at its tip and a row of
epinose hairs without, a row of cilia above on margin and a dense band within,
a row of coarse serrate hairs at tip ; outer half with two filaments near apex, a
spine on other side and a few hairs below ; palpus long and slender, two-thirds
as long as the maxilla, with four small apical digits. Thorax rounded, wider
than long. Abdomen moderate, anterior segments shorter ; lateral hairs in
threes on first segment, in twos on second to sixth ; secondary hairs in stellate
tufts. Air-tube very stout, tapered on outer half, about twice as long as wide ;
pecten running beyond the middle, of few short stout spines, a small tuft just
within the last tooth ; single pecten-tooth a long spine with a small basal branch.
Lateral comb of eighth segment of about fifteen scales in a single row; single
scale elongate, rounded at tip, fringed with spinules. Anal segment as long as
wide, with a dorsal plate reaching over halfway down the sides, fringed with
long spines on posterior margin ; dorsal tuft a long hair and group of three
shorter ones on each side ; a lateral tuft of three long hairs at posterior angles
of plate; ventral brush long but sparse, with a small triangular chitinous plate
on each side of barred area ; anal gills about twice as long as the segment, broad
and sack-like, bluntly rounded at tips.

The larva? live in the water in bamboo-stumps and in tree-holes. Mr. Busck
found them in the former, Dr. Dyar in a hole in the trunk of a Boyal Ponciana
filled by rain-water.

Island of Santo Domingo and the Bahamas.

San Francisco Mountains, Santo Domingo, September 3, 1905 (A. Busck) ;
Nassau, New Providence, Bahamas, March 1, 1915 (H. G. Dyar).

AEDES AUREOSTRIATA (Grabham).

Howardina aureostriata Grabham, Can. Ent., xxxviii, 171, 1906.

Hcemagogus aureostriata Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 167, 1906.

Howardina inequalis Grabham, Can. Ent., xxxix, 25, 1907.

Howardina aureostriata Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 609, 1910.

Howardina ina'qualis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 611, 1910.

856

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Original Description of Howardina aureostriata:

J. Proboscis black, slightly curved downwards, rather long and narrow, three-
quarters length of abdomen. Palpi black, extremity of terminal joint golden-scaled,
a few golden scales on the upper median surface of the penultimate joint; under
surface of palpi speckled with gold scales. Antennae black, scattered gold scales
throughout its length, especially on the lower joints; about three-quarters length
of proboscis. Clypeus black. A narrow median band of golden scales on the
centre of the occiput, two broad bands of golden scales on each side of the occiput,
the intervening spaces black-scaled; a number of upright forked scales on the nape;
scales on the extreme sides of the head silvery. Thorax black-scaled, with seven
rows of brilliant narrow curved golden scales, the outermost pair starting from the
wing insertions, curving round and bordering the mesonotum laterally and an-
teriorly; the next pair arise from the preceding near the anterior border of the
mesonotum, and run backward, terminating in the lateral lobes of the scutellum;
the innermost pair also originate anteriorly, and course backwards, gradually nar-
rowing, over three-quarters the length of the mesonotum. The seventh row arises in
the hinder third of the mesonotum, and terminates on the posterior margin of the
mid lobe of the scutellum. Prothorax with brilliant silvery scales. Patches of
silvery scales on the pleura. Scutellum with a median and two lateral bands of
golden scales. Three long hairs on each of the lateral lobes and four on the central
lobe. Wings with pale brown scales, the lateral ones long and narrow, median ones
short and obconical. First submarginal cell narrower and one-third of its length
longer than the second posterior cell, its stem less than half the length of the cell;
stem of the second posterior as long as the cell; posterior cross vein more than its
own length behind the mid cross vein. Halteres with white stems and brown knobs.
Abdomen black-scaled, with violet reflections; first four segments with basal bands
of golden scales; all segments apically bordered with long white hairs. Triangular
patches of silvery scales on the sides of the segments extending ventrally a short
distance. Venter with broad basal bands of golden scales on all the segments except
the last two. Legs black, with violet reflections, speckled with golden scales,
especially towards the extremities; femora golden-scaled on the under surface
throughout their whole length, upper surface golden-scaled near the base, a few
silvery scales at the apices above forming three spots, especially on the mid and hind
legs. Tibiae unhanded in all the legs. A narrow white basal band on the mid
metatarsus. Broad basal bands of silvery-white scales on the metatarsus and first
two tarsi of the hind legs. Ungues equal and simple.

Length 2.5 mm.

Palpi black, very long and narrow, extending about one-quarter of their length
beyond proboscis; three long black hairs at the extremities of the terminal joints;
a few on the sides of the penultimate and at the extreme apices of the antepenulti-
mate joints; a few golden scales at the junction of the terminal and penultimate
joints; a conspicuous band of golden scales at the lower third of the antepenulti-
mate joint. Shaft of the antennae conspicuously golden-scaled. The median band
of gold scales on the occiput is divided into two by a line of black scales. Abdomen
black, segments with long white hairs along the apical borders; all segments with
silvery lateral areas; in the last three segments these nearly meet dorsally, forming
basal bands. Venter with broad basal bands of silvery scales, among which are a
few golden scales along the mid line. Ungues, of the fore leg, unequal, larger
biserrated, smaller uniserrated; of the mid leg larger biserrated, smaller uniserrate;
of the hind leg simple and equal.
Length, 2.5 mm.

Description of the adult LARVA. — Seen in the breeding jar, it has an almost
transparent outline; the head and siphon of a dull red colour. When disturbed
it displayed marked activity, retreating with great speed to the dark side of the
bottle, and hiding among the algae. Head nearly circular, dull red in colour;
antennae transparent, slightly curved inwards, gradually tapering to a blunt apex;
Lateral hair tuft reduced to a single simple stout hair, one-quarter the length
of antenna, arising about half way up the shaft. Apex with four very short spines
and a lamella; surface of shaft entirely devoid of spines. A pair of stout simple
hairs on clypeus. Mentum a wide angle of 20 rounded teeth. Several tufted hairs
on the upper surface of the head near the bases of the antennae. Thorax and
abdomen with scattered tufted hairs, rays 5-20 elongated, jagged at the eyes, some
obsoletely feathered; lateral hairs feathered. Comb of twelve stout straight spines
in a single row. Air tube sub-cylindrical, about five times as long as broad (at the
base), not swollen, tapering gradually towards the summit. Pecten of two rows of
simple elongated spines, 24 in number, extending half way up the tube with a com-
pound 2-3-fid hair situated at the upper extremity of each, about the middle of the

AEDES ATJREOSTRIATA

857

tube. Chitinous plate of ninth segment narrow, saddle-shaped, widely open below,
with long spines along its posterior border, a large simple hair at the posterior
inferior border (corresponding to the digitate hair in H. Walkeri). Ventral group
of hairs springing from a diamond-shaped plate. Dorsal group of two pairs, one
compound, with short branches, the other pair simple and of great length. Anal
papillae narrowly conical, one-third the length of the longest dorsal hairs. Pupa,
siphons long and narrow. Terminal appendages ovate, nearly equally divided by
mid rib.

Observations. — The first specimen of this fine species was sent by Colonel Los-
combe in September, 1905. Recently three larvae were found among a number of
H. Walkeri larvae collected by Miss Maclaverty from Bromelias, and sent to me
alive. They were isolated and developed into adult insects. The pupa stage in both
this species and H. Walkeri is unusually long — 4 days. The chief points of differ-
ence between the two species are to be found in the characters of the frontal hairs,
hair tufts and siphons. The chitinous covering of the thorax and abdomen of H.
aureostriata is entirely devoid of the spicules so conspicuous in H. Walkeri, which
give the latter its dark appearance.

Original Description of Howardina inequalis:

Near H. aureostriata, Gbm. (Can. Ent., May, 1906), but with somewhat broader
thoracic lines. The face hairs of the larva are as follows: Anteantennal hair 5- to 8-
rayed, upper epistomal hair double, lower about 10-rayed. The compound hair of
the dorsal group in the terminal segment is about 6-rayed. In H. aureostriata the
upper epistomal hair is usually single, and the compound hair of the dorsal group
on the terminal segment is 10-12-rayed. The most notable differences are to be
observed in the anal gills, those of H. inequalis being broadly lanceolate and pig-
mented, the lower pair only one-half the length of the upper pair, which are one-
third the length of the longest hairs of the ventral hair group, while in H. aureo-
striata they are nearly equal in size, narrow, slender and transparent, and about as
long as the hairs of the ventral tuft. The larvae collected from hollow trees (chiefly
Anona palustris, L.) by the seashore, Kingston, have long, slender, pale red bodies,
covered with rayed hairs; a pair of large air vessels in the thorax are seen as two
conspicuous silvery spots. The females are troublesome blood-suckers in the woods.
Length of adult, 2.5 mm.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes aureostriata:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, rather slender, subcylindrical, uniform;
labellse conically tapered ; vestiture black ; setae minute, curved, black, those on
labellae more prominently outstanding. Palpi very small, one-sixth the length
of the proboscis ; vestiture black, setae rather long. Antennae filiform, the joints
subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, blackish ; second joint slightly swollen towards
apex, pale yellow at base; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excava-
tion, luteous, brownish within ; hairs of whorls sparse, rather long, black.
Clypeus elliptical, prominent, blackish-brown, nude. Eyes black. Occiput
clothed with broad scales, a median stripe of narrower curved ones, black, a
golden-yellow median line, sides and cheeks yellowish silvery-white scaled
and inclosing a large black patch near ocular margin ; bristles along margins
of eyes coarse, black, those projecting on vertex pale golden.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, brown, with a patch of broad
silvery-white scales in the middle and some black setae. Mesonotum pale
brown, clothed with narrow, curved, dark bronzy-brown scales, six narrow
subparallel lines of golden-yellow scales, the outer pair marginal, the median
pair converging slightly and extending from anterior margin to near ante-
seutellar space, followed by a single line extending over antescutellar space, a
line on either side of antescutellar space continued forward to beyond middle
of disk, marginal lines extending from roots of wings nearly to apex; bristles
over roots of wings sparse, rather long, black. Scutellum trilobate, brown,
clothed with flat deep brown scales, middle lobe with a central line of golden-
yellow scales, each lobe with a group of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical,
dark brown, nude. Pleurae brownish, coxae luteous, with patches of broad flat
white scales and rows of pale bristles.
55

858

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Abdomen subcylindrical, rather bluntly terminated posteriorly, fifth, sixth
and seventh segments apically expanded beneath ; dorsal vestiture of dull blue-
black scales, an indistinct, yellowish median spot at bases of segments three
to six, a series of very large, lateral silvery-white patches at bases of segments,
elongated and showing in a dorsal view on fifth, sixth and seventh segments,
united into a band on eighth segment ; first segment black scaled and with many
fine pale hairs; venter yellowish scaled, the apices of segments with broad,
apical black bands, eighth segment entirely black-scaled.

Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell less than half as
long as its cell, that of second posterior cell about as long as its cell, basal cross-
vein distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales brown, those
on costa with a blue reflection, the outstanding ones linear, broader and denser
on second vein. Halteres whitish, knobs dark at their bases.

Legs slender, moderately long; vestiture black; femora whitish at base and
narrowly beneath to tips on middle and hind pairs, nearly to apices on front
pair ; knees silvery-white scaled, broadly on hind pair ; fore tibiae with a silvery
spot dorsally at apex ; hind tarsi with the first three joints broadly white ringed
at base ; mid tarsi with the first two joints narrowly white ringed ; front tarsi
entirely black. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 3.5 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, rather long and slender, brownish-black scaled.
Palpi longer than the proboscis, very slender, uniform, terminal joints with a
few stiff setae ; vestiture brownish black, a pale ring before middle of long joint.
Antennae plumose, the last two joints long, slender, rugose, pilose, black, the
others short, luteous, ringed with black at insertions of hair-whorls; hairs of
whorls long, dense, brownish-black. Coloration similar to the female. Abdomen
elongate, somewhat expanded to sixth segment; seventh and eighth segments
dorsally with silvery basal bands; lateral ciliation coarse, rather sparse, yel-
lowish. Wings scarcely narrower than in the female, the vestiture less abun-
dant. Claw formula, 2.1-2.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 3.5 mm. ; wing 2.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 32, fig. 218) : Side-pieces about twice as long as wide, tips
rounded ; apical lobe absent, basal lobe semi-detached, slender, conical, bearing
a stout articulated spine at tip. Clasp-filament slender, long, with a long articu-
lated terminal spine. Harpes broadly ligulate, margins revolute, tips recurved
and cleft. Harpagones wanting. Unci contiguous, revolute, forming a large
basal cylinder. Basal appendages represented by three spines on either side.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 125, fig. 434). — Head rounded, slightly narrowed
before eyes, a slight notch at insertion of antennae, front margin arcuate ; an-
tennae slender, rather long, smooth, a single hair at middle, four unequal spines
and an articulated digit at tip; upper pair of dorsal head-hairs double and
rather long, lower a pair of ample tufts, ante-antennal tufts of five hairs.
Thorax subquadrate, the lateral hairs coarse, moderately long and abundant.
Abdomen rather long, the lateral hairs in threes on first segment, double on
second to sixth segments ; secondary hairs of coarse stellate tufts both dorsally
and ventrally. Comb of eighth segment of a long regular row of closely placed,
long, spine-like scales. Air-tube slender, about five times as long as wide;
pecten of long, evenly spaced teeth running to near middle of tube and fol-
lowed by a single tuft of two hairs. Anal segment longer than wide; dorsal
plate quadrate, reaching over half-way down the sides, two groups of long spines
projecting from near posterior margin ; a single lateral hair at posterior angles
of plate ; dorsal tufts a long hair and tuft of long hairs on each side ; ventral
brush well developed, the tufts long but rather sparse ; anal gills short.

AEDES AURITES

859

The larvas live in the water held by the leaf-bases of Bromeliaceas and holes
in trees.

Island of Jamaica, West Indies.

Mavis Bank, April, 1906 (M. Grabham).

Dr. Grabham separated Aides aureostriata into two species on account of the
inequality of the upper and lower pairs of anal gills in one form of the larva.
We have carefully examined the specimens sent us by Dr. Grabham, and notice
that the difference is one of length only. The gills are as unequal in those with
short gills as in those with long ones, although much more noticeable, naturally,
in the latter. We can not discover any other differences in the larvse, nor any in
the adults, and are forced to consider both forms as one species. The length of
the gills is variable, particularly with the character of the breeding-place, and
therefore not a specific character except in cases of high specialization.

AEDES AURITES (Theobald).

Howardina aurites Theobald, Mon. Culic., iv, 216, 1907.
Howardina aurites Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 220, 1910.

Original Description of Howardina aurites:

Head with golden scales in the middle and creamy ones laterally, with two median
dark areas and two smaller lateral dark ones.

Thorax deep black with two median golden lines which unite to form one line
behind, and another golden line on each side running from the front to back of
mesonotum; and a small golden-scaled area on each side.

Abdomen black with basal white spots and a few white basal scales.

Legs deep brown, fore and mid unhanded, hind legs with basal white bands to
first and second tarsals only.

Head deep brown with a median area of golden narrow-curved scales, then flat
black ones forming a lateral line on each side, then flat golden scales shading into
creamy-yellow with a small area of dark scales on each side bordering the eyes, a
few small dark upright forked scales; proboscis deep brown, unhanded; palpi deep
brown, a few creamy apical scales; antennae deep brown, basal segment deep brown,
pale inside.

Thorax deep blackish with two parallel thin golden scaled lines in the middle
uniting behind into one line, which widens out over the bare space in front of the
scutellum; a thin golden line on each side running the whole length of the meso-
notum ending at the scutellum, and a small golden-scaled area on each side of the
mesothorax, the dark intervening spaces are scantily clothed with narrow-curved
deep bronzy-brown scales; scutellum with narrow-curved golden scales in the centre
of the mid lobe, small flat black ones at the sides, the lateral lobes with narrow-
curved golden scales, mid lobe with three large posterior border-bristles; metathorax
deep brown; pleurae brown with one large silvery spot.

Abdomen black, with basal silvery-white lateral spots and the last two or three
segments with traces of basal white bands; venter with many pale scales, the last
three segments with broad basal silvery bands.

Legs deep brown, pale at base and ventral surface of femora, fore and mid legs
unhanded, the hind with a basal white band to the first and second tarsals; ungues
equal and simple.

Fork-cells small; first sub-marginal longer and narrower than the second pos-
terior cell, its base nearer the base of the wing than that of the second posterior
cell, its stem about half the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior nearly
as long as the cell; posterior cross-vein twice its own length distant from the mid.

Halteres pale.

Length.^— 4.5 to 5 mm.

Habitat. — Newcastle, Jamaica, W. I. (Colonel Loscombe).
Time of capture. — July.

Observations. — Two $'s sent by Dr. Grabham, and collected by Colonel Loscombe.
The species can at once be told from Howardina walkeri by its golden-scaled lines
and sides and the hind legs having only two, not three, basal white bands.

There are no specimens of Aides aurites in the collection of the U. S. National
Museum. Mr. Busck has examined the types in the British Museum, at our
request, and says:

" Hoivardina aurites Theobald. Two types (both from Dr. Grabham, Ja-
maica), in rather bad condition, one with all legs lost, one with three legs, 1-2-3

860

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

on the right side only. This latter has the two front tarsi unhanded, though
somewhat lighter shaded at joints ; on the last leg I can only make out one dis-
tinct white hand on 1st joint, though there may be a lighter shade on 2nd joint
also."

AEDES BUSCKII (Coquillett) Dyar & Knab.

Stegomyia busckii Coquillett, Can. Ent., xxxviii, 60, 1906.
Aedes busckii Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 192, 1906.
Aedes busckii Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., viii, 15, 1906.
Gymnometopa busckii Coquillett, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 183, 1906.
Hwmagogus busckii Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 166, 1906.
Gymnometopa busckii Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 25, 1906.
Gymnometopa busckii Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 211, 1907.
Gymnometopa busckii Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 219, 1910.

Original Description of Stegomyia busckii:

Proboscis and palpi wholly black, no white scales on the first antennal joints,
scales of occiput brown, a median stripe of yellow ones, changing to white anteriorly,
the sides of occiput bordered with white ones, the lower half largely yellow scaled.
Thorax brown-scaled, a median pair of widely-separated yellow scaled lines on the
anterior three-fourths of the mesonotum, and between each of these and the adjacent
wing is a line of similar scales on the posterior half, an interrupted line of white
scales toward the sides of the mesonotum, and several spots on the pleura; scu-
tellum brown scaled, and with a median stripe of white ones. Abdomen black
scaled, with a tinge of bronze; venter yellow scaled, and with a lateral spot of white
scales on the last three segments. Legs black scaled, those on under side of femora
pale yellow, a dot of white scales at apex of each femur and tibia, bases of first three
joints of the hind tarsi white scaled; tarsal claws in both sexes as in mediovittata.
Length about 3 mm.

San Domingo, West Indies. A female and two males, collected by Mr. August
Busck, after whom this handsome species is named. Type No. 9139, TJ. S. National
Museum.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedes busckii:

Female. — Proboscis rather long, subcylindrical, very slightly thickened
apically, labellse conically tapered; vestiture black; setse short, curved, black,
those on labellae more prominently outstanding. Palpi short, about one-sixth
as long as the proboscis, slender; vestiture black; setas fine, a few of the basal
ones stouter. Antennas filiform, the joints subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose,
black; second joint slightly enlarged apically, pale at base; tori subspherical.
with a cup-shaped apical excavation, luteous, brown within; hairs of whorl?
sparse, moderate, black. Clypeus rounded-triangular, convex, blackish-brown,
nude. Eyes black. Occiput clothed with flat broad scales, narrow lanceolate
ones along median line, black, a narrow silvery-white middle line continued
forward between eyes and some scales projecting apically, margins of eyes and
lower half of sides silvery-white and including a black patch; some upright
forked black scales well back on the nape ; setae along margins of eyes coarse,
black, no tuft projecting medianly.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, blackish, with a band of broad,
flat silvery-white scales in the middle and with coarse black bristles. Meso-
notum rich brown, clothed with narrow hair-like blackish-brown scales, with
four longitudinal narrow lines of golden-yellow scales on the disk, the median
pair beginning at anterior margin and terminating at antescutellar space,
followed by a single golden-yellow line across the space, a slender golden-yellow
line on each side of antescutellar space, running forward to beyond middle of
disk; a lateral marginal line of silvery-white broad flat scales, involving ante-
rior angles and running to roots of wings, somewhat waved and attenuated
at its anterior and posterior thirds; bristles over roots of wings coarse, black.
Scutellum trilobate, brownish, with small black scales, mid lobe with a patch
of broad, flat silvery-white scales, each lobe with a small group of black bristles.

AEDES BTJSCKH

861

Postnotum elliptical, prominent, luteous, nude. Pleura? and coxae yellowish,
with small patches of silvery-white scales and with some black bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrieal, tapered at the tip, sixth and seventh segments
apically expanded beneath ; dorsal vestiture of dull blue-black scales, a row of
very large, silvery-white spots medianly on lateral margins of segments, show-
ing in a dorsal view on sixth and seventh segments ; first segment black scaled
and with fine pale hairs; venter yellowish-wbite scaled, apical halves of fifth,
sixth and seventh segments black, eighth segment all black-scaled ; seta? abund-
ant, especially ventrally.

Wings rather narrow, smoky-hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell about
half as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell somewhat shorter than its
cell; basal cross- vein distant about twice its own length from anterior cross-
vein; scales brown, those on costa black with blue reflection, the outstanding
ones narrowly ligulate, dense and broader on fork of second vein. Halteres
ochraceous, knobs blackish at bases.

Legs slender, moderately long; vestiture black and white; femora yellowish-
white at bases and beneath narrowly to tips ; front and middle knees narrowly
silvery, hind ones broadly so; tibiae entirely blue-black, front tibiae with a
silvery-white spot dorsally at their apices ; hind tarsi with broad white bands at
bases of first three joints, the band on the third occupying two-thirds of the
joint ; middle tarsi with small white bands on bases of first two joints ; fore tarsi
without white bands. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 3.5 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, long and slender, brownish-black scaled. Palpi
very nearly as long as the proboscis, slender, straight, terminal joints not
thickened; vestiture blue-black, a small whitish ring before middle of long
joint ; last two joints with a few small short setae. Antennae plumose, the last
two joints long, slender, rugose, pilose black, the others short, whitish, with a
black ring at insertions of hair-whorls; hairs long, not very dense, black.
Coloration similar to the female. Abdomen elongate, subcylindrical, slightly
expanded towards apex ; eighth segment with a broad, basal, median silver spot;
clampers with silver scales basally; no distinct lateral ciliation. Wings nearly
as broad as in the female; stems of the fork-cells a little longer, the vestiture
less abundant, Claw formula, 1.0-1.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Genitalia (plate 33, fig. 220) : Side-pieces twice as long as wide, conically
tapered; apical lobe absent, basal lobes semi-detached, conical, bearing a stout
articulated terminal spine. Clasp-filament slender, a little thickened at base,
with a rather short articulated terminal spine. Harpes concave, the inner mar-
gin thickened, strongly revolute, the tip bent outward, emarginate. Harpagones
absent. Unci contiguous, revolute, forming a stout basal cylinder. Basal
lobes small, approximate, each with four stout setae.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 122, fig. 424). — Head rounded, narrowed before eyes,
a slight notch at insertion of antennae, front margin arcuate. Antennae small,
cylindrical, 'uniform, with a few sparsely distributed spines ; a two-haired tuft
near middle ; three short spines, a long and a stout digit at apex. Upper pair
of dorsal head-hairs single, lower pair double ; ante-antennal tufts of four hairs.
Mental plate triangular, a single apical tooth and fourteen on each side, small,
the apical ones closely placed, the basal ones sharper and more remote. Man-
dible quadrangular; two filaments before apex; an outer row of cilia from a
collar; ten filaments on outer margin, the three next the collar shorter; denti-
tion of four teeth on a process, the first longest ; a spine before, a broad filament
and five feathered hairs within ; process below deeply furcate, the upper limb

862

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

sharply curved upward, each with a hair-tuft at tip, a row of hairs across the
base ; basal angle small and approximated to the process ; five hairs within ; a
row of long hairs at base. Maxilla conically tapered, about as long as wide,
divided by a narrow suture; inner half with two rows of cilia and four long
spines on margin toward base, a tuft of long hairs at tip ; outer half with a long
and a short filament near the suture and a spine on the other side ; palpus pro-
portionately rather large, with two long and two short apical digits. Thorax
rounded, wider than long; hairs abundant, the small hairs in coarse, stellate
bunches. Abdomen moderate, the anterior segments shorter; lateral hairs of
first segment multiple, triple on second, double on third to fifth, triple on sixth ;
secondary hairs in coarse stellate tufts, black. Air-tube short and stout, tapered
outwardly, about two and one-half times as long as wide ; pecten of a few well-
spaced teeth, extending two-thirds the length of tube, closely followed by a
single hair-tuft ; single pecten-tooth a long spine with a basal branch. Lateral
comb of eighth segment of about twenty large scales in a double row; single
scale elongate and uniform, tip rather bluntly rounded, uniformly fringed with
rather short spinules. Anal segment as long as broad, with dorsal plate reach-
ing well down the sides, a row of long spines on posterior margin ; dorsal tuft
of two groups of long hairs ; hair-tuft on posterior angles of plate of five long
hairs; ventral brush of moderate tufts, with a small triangular plate on each
side of barred area ; anal gills long, about twice as long as the segment, broad
and bluntly rounded.

The larvae live in water held by vegetable tissues. Mr. Busck found them
once in dirty, black water in cacao-shells and once in water in the flower-spathes
of Eeliconia.

Windward Islands, Lesser Antilles.

Dominica, July, 1905 (A. Busck); Guadeloupe, July, 1905 (A. Busck);
Mont Pelee, Martinique, July, 1905 (A. Busck).

The normal habitat of the larvas of Aedes buschii can only be determined by
further collections. It seems that in this species specialization of habits has
not gone to the extreme that we find in most Sabethini, where the larval
habitat is often restricted to a single plant. In some of our specimens of the
larva the pecten-teeth of the air-tube extend beyond the insertion of the hair-tuft.

AEDES EXCRUCIANS (Walker).

Culex excrucians Walker, Ins. Saunders., 429, 1856.
Culex excrucians Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 260, 1900.
Culex excrucians Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 312, 1905.
Culex excrucians Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 350, 1910.

Original Description of Culex excrucians:

Foem.: Fulva; proboscis testacea, apice fuscescens; antennae fuscae, basi testa-
ceae; abdomen fuscescens, fasciis testaceis; pedes testacei, tar sis pallide fuscis
testaceo fasciatis; alae subcinereae, venis testaceis subciliatis ; halteres apice Jusci.

Tawny. Proboscis testaceous, long, straight, slender, brownish at the tip.
Antennae brown, testaceous towards the base, a little shorter than the proboscis.
Pectus paler than the thorax. Abdomen brownish, with a testaceous band on the
hind border of each segment. Legs testaceous, long, slender; tibiae darker than
the femora; tarsi very pale brown, with a testaceous band at the base of each joint.
Wings very slightly grayish; veins testaceous, slightly ciliated. Halteres testaceous,
with brown knobs. Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Nova Scotia.

We are entirely unable to place this species from the description. The large
size given by Walker (8 mm.), which is as large as Psorophora, is unusual in a
northern mosquito and certainly much larger than any plain-colored mosquito
of northern distribution known to us. The type is in the British Museum and
has been examined by Giles, but we have found no clue to its identity in his

H.ZEMAGOGUS

863

descriptive notes. The apparent handing of the tarsi would seem to prevent its
being referred as a synonym to Culiseia impatiens (see page 483). The speci-
mens referred to by Howard as Culex excrucians (U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent.,
Bull. 4, new ser., p. 22, 1896, and Bull. 25, new ser., p. 20, 1900) are Mansonia
perturbans.

Genus HAMAGOGUS Williston.

Hcrmagogus Williston, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, 271, 1896.

Aedes Giles (in part), Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 343, 1900.

Hcrmagogus Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., iv, 235, 1901 (without species).

Hcrmagogus Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 238, 1901.

Hcrmagogus Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 485, 1902.

Hamagogus Neveu-Lemaire, M6m. Soc. Zool. France, xv, 224, 1902.

Hcrmagogus Neveu-Lemaire, C. R. Soc. Biol. Paris, liv, 1331, 1902.

Hcrmagogus Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 308, 1903.

Ha'magogus Theobald, Entomologist, xxxvi, 282, 1903.

Hcrmagogus Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 54, 1904.

Hcrmagogus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 412, 1905.

Stegoconops Lutz, Imprensa Medica, 1905, 83, 1905.

Hamagogus Theobald, Mosq. or Culic. of Jamaica, 8, 1905.

Hcrmagoous Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt, fasc. 26, 37, 1905.

Aedes Dyar & Knab (in part), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 178, 188, 1906.

Hcrmagogus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech. Ser. 11, 14, 25, 1906.

Cacomyia Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech. Ser. 11, 16, 25, 1906.

Hcrmagogus Dyar & Knab (in part), Proc Biol. Soc Wash., xix, 165, 1906.

Hcrmagogus Dyar & Knab, Can. Ent., xxxix. 48, 1907.

Hcrmagogus Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, iv, 550, 1907.

Cacomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 554, 1907.

Stegoconops Peryassu (in part), Os Culicid. do Brazil, 34, 1908.

Hcrmagogus Peryassii, Os Culicid. do Brazil, 37, 1908.

Hwmagogus Williston, Manual No. Amer. Dipt, 3 ed., 108, 1908.

Hcrmagogus Dyar & Knab, Can. Ent, xl, 310, 1908.

Hcrmagogus Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, v, 493, 1910.

Cacomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 494, 1910.

Stegoconops Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, v, 605, 1910.

Stegoconops Howard, Dyar & Knab, Mosq. No. & Centr. Amer. & W. Ind., i, 53, 64,
145, 147, 149, 150, 1913.

The type species are: Of Hamagogus Williston, Hamagogus splendens
Williston ; of Stegoconops Lutz, Hcemagogus capricornii Lutz ; and of Cacomyia
Coquillett, Hcemagogus albomaculahis Theobald.
Generic Diagnosis of Adult:

Proboscis long and slender. Palpi short In the female, in the male short in some
species, long in others. Head elongated. Antennae filiform in the female, the joints
subequal, with basal whorls of sparse and moderately long hairs, plumose in the male.
Prothoracic lobes large, closely approximate above, collar like, the setae inserted
along the apical margin. Mesonotum without conspicuous seta? on the disk. Scu-
tellum trilobate. Postnotum nude, sometimes with a few small seta? posteriorly.
Abdomen subcylindrical in the female, tapering toward the tip; in the male more
elongate, depressed, somewhat expanded apically. Legs rather long and slender, the
claws in the female equal, toothed on the front and middle legs in some species,
simple in others; in the male unequal and some of them toothed.

Generic Diagnosis of Labva:

The larva? show the same generic characters as those of Aedes. (See page 612).

Tropical America.

The genus Hamagogus is closely related to Aedes, and, in the larva, shows
no peculiarities available for generic definition. The male genitalia also show
close resemblance to Aedes and exhibit all the structures of the typical forms
of that genus ; the only peculiarity is the presence of large leaf -like scales on the
side-pieces, and this is manifestly a weak character. The imagos differ from
Aedes primarily by the large collar-like prothoracic lobes, such as occur in most
Sabethini ; the resemblance to these is enhanced by the reduction of the thoracic
bristles, the vestiture of flat metallic scales and the absence of upright forked

864

MOSQUITOES OF NOETH AMEEICA

scales from the occiput. This resemblance is made still more startling by the
occurrence, in those species which further agree in the simple claws of the
female (splendens and albomaculatus) , of minute bristles on the postnotum.
Mr. F. W. Edwards of the British Museum first informed us of the presence of
such bristles on the type of Hcemagogus splendens. Examination of several
of our specimens failed to reveal bristles on the postnotum, and this led us to
conclude that Williston's genus was distinct and belonged to the Sabethini.
Consequently we adopted the name Stegoconops for the forms before us (see
volume ii of this work, pi. 23, figs. 162, 163, 164, pi. 24, fig. 165, pi. 77, pi. 126,
figs. 438 and 439). Subsequent careful examination of a series reared from
larvae showed that one, two or three minute bristles are usually present in the
two species above mentioned, although they are well back on the postnotum and
difficult to detect. We are unable to accept the occurrence of these bristles as
an indication of close relationship between Hcemagogus and the Sabethini, but
incline rather to the view that the bristles have developed independently and
that the other resemblances are due to convergence. Certain it is that there is
no corresponding modification in the larval or genetalic structures of Hcema-
gogus, and that we must consider these as more fundamental, because less sub-
ject to adaptational modifications.

The species, fall into two well marked groups as indicated in our table of the
adults. These groups have been treated as separate genera by Lutz, Coquillett
and Theobald ; but we consider their separation quite unnecessary.

All the species are inhabitants of water in hollow trees and similar situations,
such as open bamboo-joints. It is probable that in suitable situations they will
occur in artificial wooden receptacles holding water. We have no information
concerning the egg-laying habits or the length of larval life, etc., although it is
probable that the eggs are laid singly on the sides of the receptacles containing
the water and that the length of larval life is considerable, as is the case with
the tree-hole inhabiting species of Aedes. We have no observations on the
mating habits of the adults. It is probable that there are two different styles
of copulation within the genus on account of the differences in claw structure
between the species. The adults inhabit forests or shady places. The females
suck blood. They are active during the daytime, as their brilliant colors would
lead one to infer.

TAIiLES OF THE SPECIES.
ADULTS, STRUCTURE, AND COLORATION.

1. Second marginal cell longer than the second posterior cell; claws of female

simple 2

Second marginal cell shorter than the second posterior cell; claws of female

toothed 3

2. Abdomen without spots dorsally splendens Williston (p. 865)

Abdomen with basal segmental silvery white spots

albomaculatus Theobald (p. 868)

3. Abdomen with segmental basal silvery bands equinus Theobald (p. 871)

Abdomen with silvery bands on the last two or three segments only

capricornii Lutz (p. 875)

ADULTS, MALE GENITALIA.

1. Terminal filament of clasp with a short apical spine; no rounded knob at

the base of the clasp 2

Terminal filament of clasp with a long apical spine; a rounded setose knob

at the base of the clasp within 3

2. Harpago with a broad expanded filament albomaculatus Theobald (p. 870)

Harpago with a small narrow filament splendens Williston (p. 866)

3. Harpago slender, elongate, with a small terminal filament; harpes long,

slender, with a sharp point capricornii Lutz (p. 876)

Harpago stout, greatly developed, spinous in the middle, with a large sub-
terminal expansion; harpes short, bluntly rounded

equinus Theobald (p. 873)

HJEMAGOGUS SPLENDENS

865

iarvje :

1. Scales of the lateral comb few, in a single or nearly single row 2

Scales of the lateral comb more numerous, in a patch 3

2. Comb scales separate; body glabrous equinus Theobald (p. 873)

Comb scales joined; body densely pilose capricornii Lutz (p. 877)

3. Comb scales large, simple; secondary abdominal hairs not stellate

albomaculatus Theobald (p. 870)
Comb scales small, fringed; secondary abdominal hairs stellate, long

splendens Williston (p. 866)

HiEMAGOGUS SPLENDENS Williston.

Hwmagogus splendens Williston, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, 272, 1S96.
Mdes splendens Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 355, 1900.

Hwmagogus cyaneus Theobald (not Culex cyaneus Fabricius), Mon. Culic, ii, 239,
1901.

Hcemagogus cyaneus Giles (not Culex cyaneus Fabricius), Handb. Gnats or Mosq.,
2 ed., 485, 1902.

Hwmagogus cyaneus Theobald (not Culex cyaneus Fabricius), Mon. Culic, iii,
308, 1903.

Hwmagogus cyaneus Theobald (not Culex cyaneus Fabricius), Entomologist, xxxvi,
283, 1903.

Hwmagogus cyaneus Lutz in Bourroul (not Culex cyaneus Fabricius), Mosq. do
Brasil, 66, 1904.

Hwmagogus cyaneus Blanchard (not Culex cyaneus Fabricius), Les Moustiques,
412, 1905.

Aedes cyaneus Dyar & Knab (not Culex cyaneus Fabricius), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc,
xiv, 202, 1906.

Aedes cyaneus Dyar (not Culex cyaneus Fabricius), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., viii,
18, 1906.

Hwmagogus cyaneus Coquillett (not Culex cyaneus Fabricius), Dept. Agr., Bur.

Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 25, 1906.
Hwmagogus splendens Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 166, 1906.
Hwmagogus cyaneus Theobald (not Culex cyaneus Fabricius), Mon. Culic, iv, 550,

1907.

Hwmagogus cyaneus Peryassu (not Culex cyaneus Fabricius), Os Culicid. do Brazil,
51, 255, 1908.

Hwmagogus splendens Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., Iii, 64, 1908.
Hwmagogus cyaneus Theobald (not Culex cyaneus Fabricius), Mon. Culic, v, 493,
1910,

Stegoconops lucifer Howard, Dyar & Knab, Mosq. No. & Centr. Amer. & W. Ind., ii,
pi. 23, fig. 164, pi. 77, pi. 134, fig. 506, pi. 137, fig. 537, pi. 144, fig. 651, 1913.

Original Description of HjEmagogus splendens.

J. In ground-colour deep black, the base of the femora, and the coxae in part,
somewhat yellowish. Occiput, mesonotum and scutellum wholly covered with
brilliant green and coppery squamulae; pleurae densely snow-white squamulate.
Abdomen brilliant steel-blue, in some reflections black; a spot on the sides of each
segment snow-white. Legs blue, like the abdomen, shining black in some reflections;
the undersides of the femora, towards the base, with white squamulae. Wings
hyaline, somewhat brownish in front, squamulae black, evenly distributed. Length
5 mm.

Eight specimens. 1000 feet. The single male specimen was injured after the
drawings were made. It does not appear to differ, however, from the female. The
colouring must be much like that of Culex cyaneus, save the head and thorax.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Hwmagogus splendens:

Female. — Proboscis long, slender, subcylindrical, uniform, labellae conically
tapered ; vestiture deep blue-black ; setae minute, curved, black, those on labellae
more prominently outstanding. Palpi small, less than one-sixth as long as the
proboscis; vestiture black, with a few moderate setae. Antennae filiform, the
joints subequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, black; second joint slightly swollen
beyond middle; tori rather small, subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical ex-
cavation, black, with a few minute hairs on inner side. Clypeus rounded tri-
angular, convex, prominent, black, nude. Eyes black. Occiput clothed entirely
with broad, flat, dark metallic blue scales with an iridescent reflection; pos-
terior part of cheeks and under surface silver scaled ; bristles along margins of
eyes coarse, black, a pair of longer black ones projecting between the eyes.

866

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, large, closely approximate dorsally, clothed with
broad, metallic dark blue scales and with coarse, stiff, black marginal bristles.
Mesonotum black, clothed with elliptical flat scales with bright metallic green,
bronzy and blue reflections. Scutellum weakly trilobate, the middle lobe broad;
blackish-brown, clothed with broad, flat, metallic blue scales, each lobe with a
group of dark bristles. Postnotuni elliptical, prominent, brownish-black,
usually with one or two minute seta? close to posterior margin. Pleura? and
coxa? blackish, nearly solidly clothed with silvery-white flat scales ; seta? minute,
dark.

Abdomen subcylindrical, tapered posteriorly, sixth and seventh segments
slightly expanded apically beneath; dorsal vestiture of metallic, shining blue
and purple scales, a series of large, lateral, segmentary, basal, triangular silvery-
white spots; first segment clothed with metallic blue scales in the middle,
silvery ones at the sides, and with short, fine pale hairs at the sides ; venter black
scaled with metallic violaceous reflection and broad, basal, segmentary silvery
bands.

Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell shorter than its
cell, that of second posterior cell slightly longer than its cell ; basal cross-vein
distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales brownish black
with violet reflection, the outstanding ones narrowly ligulate. Halteres black,
knobs metallic whitish scaled at tip.

Legs long and rather slender; vestiture dark metallic violet-blue; trochanters
silvery-whitish ; mid femora with a narrow silvery line beneath nearly to apex ;
hind femora broadly silvered on outer side to apical third. Claw formula,
0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Male. — Proboscis slender, rather long, gently curved, black-scaled. Palpi
short, about one-sixth the length of the proboscis. Antenna? plumose, the last
two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others short, pale, broadly
ringed with black at insertions of hair-whorls ; hairs of whorls long, fine, but
rather sparse. Coloration similar to the female. Wings narrower than in the
female ; stems of the fork-cells longer, that of the second marginal cell being as
long as its cell, that of the second posterior longer ; vestiture sparser. Abdomen
elongate, slender, somewhat expanded towards apex, particularly the seventh
and eighth segments beneath, these latter with many coarse black bristles;
seventh segment, and sometimes the eighth, dorsally with a small silvery spot
medianly at base. Claw formula, 1.0-1.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Genitalia (plate 23, fig. 164) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide,
rounded at tips, a slight rounded seta-bearing prominence from which the clasp-
filament arises; clasp-filament long, slender, curved, with a short articulated
subterminal claw ; side-piece with large outstanding scales along inner margin.
Harpes narrowly elliptical, inner margin revolute, tip thickened and bent, with
fine teeth. Harpagones with a long columnar stem, sinuate, capitate, bearing a
small inserted lanceolate filament. Unci forming a large basal cone.

Larva, Stage IV (see figure of the entire larva, plate 77). — Head rounded,
about as wide as long, rather evenly arcuate all around, a notch at insertion of
antenna?. Antenna? moderate, slender, smooth, a single hair near the middle;
at tip three hairs of different lengths and a digit on a pedestal. Eyes large,
transverse. Upper pair of dorsal head-hairs single, long, lower pair double,
short; ante-antennal tufts quadruple. Mental plate elongate triangular with
stout central tooth and eight on each side, the first five short, rounded and
closely set, the sixth sharp and longer than the preceding ones, the last two
remote and basally placed. Mandible quadrangular, smooth without; two fila-
ments from a notch before tip; an outer row of cilia from a collar; a row of
long filaments on outer margin ; dentition of four teeth on a slender process, the

H^MAGOGUS SPLENDENS

867

first long, the others appearing as rounded irregularities on its lower declivity ;
two long spines before, a furcate tooth at base, a row of serrate filaments within ;
process below widely furcate, the upper fork curved and erect, setose; five
filamentous hairs within ; a row of long hairs at base. Maxilla elongate, divided
by a narrow suture; a row of stout spines on inner margin, and two lines of
cilia ; a linear tuft of long hairs at tip, bent backwards toward base ; outer half
with two subapical filaments near the suture and a spine on the other side; two
rows of fine cilia ; palpus rather long, projecting as far as maxilla, with two long
and two short apical digits. Skin of body smooth. Thorax rounded, wider than
long; hairs abundant, well tufted, the subdorsal prothoracic ones multiple.
Abdomen slender, uniform, the anterior segments shorter; lateral tufts multiple
on first segment, triple on second, double on third to sixth, single on seventh,
all rather long; secondary hairs well developed; tracheal tubes broad, band-
shaped, flexuous, wider in the air-tube. Air-tube stout, conically tapered on
outer third, two and a half times as long as wide; pecten evenly spaced, running
to middle, followed by a single tuft of four hairs ; single pecten-tooth a long
spine with a stout basal tooth. Lateral comb of eighth segment of many small
scales in a triangular patch; single scale broad, rounded, evenly fringed with
spinules. Anal segment longer than wide, with a dorsal plate reaching halfway
down the sides, spined on posterior edge ; dorsal tuft a long hair and brush on
each side ; a lateral three-haired tuft at angle of plate ; ventral brush well de-
veloped, with some small preceding tufts ; a little triangular plate on either
side of barred area; anal gills very short, less than half as long as the segment,
lower pair much smaller, not half as long as upper pair.

Mr. Knab found the larvae in water in cacao-husks on the ground and in an
old kerosene-can half filled with dirt and rubbish near a deserted house. Mr.
Urich got them in a hollow tree. Mr. Busck got them in bamboo-joints and in
tree-holes. Mr. Jennings found them mostly in tree-holes, but on several occa-
sions in salt water in holes in rocks on the sea shore (Caldera Island, Panama).
The larvae evidently normally inhabit hollow trees, occasionally having recourse
to artificial receptacles ; their occurrence in rock-holes is less usual and is de-
cidedly unexpected. The larva? take a considerable time to mature; Mr. Knab
was able to bring live larva? from Costa Rica to Washington.

Tropical regions of America, exclusive of the Greater Antilles.

Bluefields, Nicaragua ( W. F. Thornton) ; Port Limon, Costa Pica, September
28, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Zent, Costa Rica, September 26, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Lion
Hill, Canal Zone, Panama (A. Busck) ; Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama, June
4, 1907 (A. Busck), April 14, 1909 (A. H. Jennings) ; Chagres River, Panama,
May 20, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Caldera Island, Porto Bello Bay, Panama, January
4, 1908, February 14, 1909 (A. H. Jennings) ; Ancon, Canal Zone, Panama,
July 1, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Mirafiores, Canal Zone, Panama, May 9, 1908
(A. H. Jennings) ; Bas Obispo, Canal Zone, Panama, July 16, 1908 (A. H.
Jennings) ; Panama City, Panama (A. H. Jennings) ; San Juan, Trinidad
(F. W. TJrich). Reported also from St. Vincent, West Indies (Williston) ;
British Guiana (Theobald) ; Para (Theobald), States of Minas Geraes and Sao
Paulo (Peryassii), Brazil.

Hcemagogus splendens was identified by Theobald in 1901 with Culex cyaneus
Fabrieius. The type of Culex cyaneus is in the Copenhagen Museum and has
been examined by Mr. Busck and Dr. Boving, from whose observations we
have concluded that it is really a Sabethes and it has been so treated on page 26
of this work. The types of Hcemagogus splendens are in the British Museum
and Mr. Edwards has observed sete upon the postnotum of these specimens.
These seta? are minute and not easily detected and were overlooked by us, with
the result that we considered our material a distinct species for which we pro-
posed the name Stegoconops luctfer. Careful re-examination of our material

868

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

has disclosed the presence of from one to three setas on the postnotum of most
of our specimens. These setae are present also in Hoemagogus albomaculatus,
but not in other members of the genus (see page 864).

HiEMAGOGUS ALBOMACULATUS Theobald.

Hwmagogus albomaculatus Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 308, 1903.
Hwmagogus albomaculatus Theobald, Entomologist, xxxvi, 283, 1903.
Hwmagogus albomaculatus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 413, 1905.
Hwmagogus regalis Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 167, 1906.
Cacomyia albomaculata Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 556, 1907.
Hwmagogus regalis Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., Iii, 64, 1908.
Cacomyia albomaculata Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 494, 1910.
Hwmagogus regalis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 493, 1910.

Stegoconops albomaculatus Howard, Dyar & Knab, Mosq. No. & Centr. Amer. & W
Ind., i, 53, 65, ii, pi. 23, fig. 163, pi. 126, fig. 439, 1913.

OBIGINAL DESCEIPTION OF HiEMAGOGUS ALBOMACULATUS :

Head blue, metallic; thorax shiny black, with bronze, green and blue scales;
abdomen metallic violet, the penultimate and antepenultimate segments with a
median patch of white scales, laterally with white basal spots, largest at the base
of the abdomen, forming almost a white line, venter basally white banded. Legs
unhanded, ungues equal and simple. Wings unspotted, the first sub-marginal cell
with its stem longer than the cell and the base of the second posterior cell nearer
the base of the wing than that of the first sub-marginal.

J. Head black, covered with metallic blue flat scales and with black bristles;
proboscis and palpi covered with deep blue and black metallic scales; antennae
black, basal joint deep brown, second joint with some dull peacock blue scales.

Thorax shiny black (denuded), with flat black, blue, and dull ochraceous scales
and some white ones in front of the roots of the wings, also a tuft of black scales
and numerous black bristles over the roots of the wings; back of the mesonotum
notched at the sides. Scutellum deep brown, with a few large central bristles and
several large lateral ones, very much separated from the mesonotum; pleurae with
flat silvery-white scales.

Abdomen covered with rich metallic violet scales, the penultimate and the ante-
penultimate segments with a silvery-white median basal patch, laterally the seg-
ments have basal white elongated triangular spots, forming almost a distinct
lateral line; venter with basal white bands; the fourth segment with two large
posterior border-bristles, the fifth with one very long black bristle, arising from the
middle of the segment and passing over the sixth and with two border-bristles; re-
maining segments with a few much shorter ones.

Legs unhanded, bronzy brown and metallic blue and violet, with numerous black
bristles; ungues equal and simple.

Wings with brown scales and tinged with brown; the first sub-marginal cell very
slightly longer, but narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearer the apex
of the wing than that of the second posterior cell, its stem a little longer than the
cell; stem of the second posterior cell, which is broad, nearly as long as the cell;
posterior cross-vein about twice its own length distant from the mid cross-vein;
scales at the base of the wing violet. Halteres with ochraceous stem and fuscous
knob.

Length. — 5 mm.

Habitat. — Cara Cara, Demerara River, and Pomeroon River, British Guiana (Dr.
Low).

Observations. — Described from a single 5 taken by Dr. Low. It differs from
H. cyaneus in the wing venation and in having two white median abdominal spots.
The curious abdominal chaetotactic character is also not seen in H. cyaneus, as
far as I have observed.

Dr. Low sends the following note on this species: " The Indians from the Cabaca-
buri Mission on the Pomeroon river used to bring me samples of this species amongst
the mosquitoes they caught at nights. I also caught it myself at night two miles
below this, at Pickersgill. When sitting at a window in the police hut there they used
to come in and settle on me. Time, morning 9 to 11 A. M., during bright sunlight.
It would seem, therefore, that it bites by night and day. I often got them with
blood in their stomachs. I only dissected a few, and in those there was no trace of
embryos of F. demarquaii or F. perstans. Fairly common."

Obiginal Descbiption of Hwmagogus begalis :

Proboscis long, black; head and thorax brilliant metallic blue and green; pleurae
silvery; abdomen dark blue with silvery bands on all the segments above, broader

H^EMAGOGUS ALBOMACULATUS

869

below. Legs blue-black, the mid and hind femora white below towards base. Base
of the first submarginal cell slightly nearer the base of wing than base of the
second posterior cell.

22 specimens, Sonsonate, Salvador (F. Knab), San Juan, Trinidad (F. W. Urich),
Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala (Schwarz & Barber), Livingstone,
Guatemala (H. S. Barber).

Type— Cat. No. 10,024, U. S. Nat. Mus.

The larva was confused by us with that of splendens Williston (cyaneus Theo-
bald, not Fabricius). The table (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 191, 1906) should be
corrected under dichotomy 43 by striking out "short abdominal hairs stellate"
and for " cyaneus " read " 45 ". Add a new dichotomy, 45, as follows:

45. Pecten reaching over half of tube, of about 18 teeth; secondary

abdominal hairs not stellate regalis

Pecten not reaching half of tube, of about 12 teeth; dorsal abdominal
hairs stellate, long splendens

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of H^emagogus albomaculatus:

Female. — Proboscis moderately long, subcylindrical, uniform, labellae
conically tapered; vestiture deep blue-black; setae minute, curved, black, those
on labellae more prominently outstanding. Palpi small, about one-sixth as long
as the proboscis ; vestiture black; with a few moderate setae. Antenna? filiform,
the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black ; second joint slightly thickened towards
apex ; tori rather small, subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, black,
with a few minute hairs on inner side. Clypeus prominent, rounded triangular,
convex, black, nude. Eyes black. Occiput clothed with broad, flat metallic
dark-blue scales with a violet reflection, margins of eyes silvery, sides behind
and cheeks silver-scaled ; seta? along margins of eyes small, black.

Prothoracic lobes large, closely approximate dorsally, collar-like ; clothed
with metallic, dark violet-blue scales and a few stiff black bristles. Mesonotum
black, clothed with elliptical flat black scales with metallic green, olivaceous
and blue reflections ; bristles over roots of wings small, black. Scutellum trilo-
bate, clothed with metallic-blue scales, each lobe with a group of black bristles.
Postnotum elliptical, prominent, black, shining, usually nude, sometimes with
one or more minute seta? close to posterior margin. Pleurae and coxae blackish,
nearly solidly clothed with silvery-white flat scales ; setae minute, dark.

Abdomen subcylindrical, somewhat compressed at base, sixth and seventh
segments apically expanded beneath, eighth segment tapered posteriorly ; dorsal
vestiture of metallic, shining blue and purple scales, a basal silvery band on
fifth, sixth and seventh segments, a series of large, lateral, triangular, seg-
mentary, basal silvery-white spots; first segment metallic violet-blue scaled in
the middle, silvery at the sides, with some small dark hairs ; venter violet-blue
scaled, with broad basal silvery bands, except on last two segments.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell shorter than its cell,
that of second posterior cell somewhat longer than its cell ; basal cross-vein
distant more than its own length from anterior cross-vein; scales brownish-
black, the outstanding ones narrowly ligulate, denser and broader on forks of
second vein. Halteres white, the knobs black with silvery-white scales at apices.

Legs slender and rather long; vestiture black with metallic violet-blue re-
flection, the scales somewhat raised and roughened on apical part of tibia and
on first tarsal of hind legs; trochanters silvery-whitish; middle femora nar-
rowly silvery beneath to apices ; hind femora silvery beneath and on outer side
of basal halves. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Male. — Proboscis nearly straight, rather long, violet-black scaled. Palpi as
in the female, short, one-sixth the length of the proboscis. Antennae plumose,
the last two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others short, pale,
broadly ringed with black at insertions of hair-whorls ; hairs of whorls long,
fine but rather sparse. Coloration similar to the female. Abdomen slender,

870

MOSQUITOES OP NORTH AMERICA

elongate, subcylindrical, enlarged towards apex beyond fifth segment ; fifth to
eighth segments with dorsal silvery bands ; last segment with numerous coarse
black seta?. Wings narrower than in the female, the stems of the fork-cells
longer, that of the second marginal cell being as long as its cell ; vestiture sparse.
Claw formula, 1.0-1.0-0.0.
Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Genitalia (plate 23, fig. 163) : Side-pieces twice as long as wide, rounded
at tip; basal lobe represented by a large area of small seta? with tuberculate
bases, a row of large outstanding scales on distal part of inner aspect. Clasp-
filament long and slender, with an articulated subapical blunt claw. Harpes
slender, subspatulate, inner margin thickened, tips recurved in a sharp hook,
spined on inner side. Harpagones with a long columnar base, a few seta? along
its sides, the tip expanded into a broad, thin, twisted leaf-like plate with a
thickened edge. Unci contiguous, revolute, forming a large basal cylinder.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 126, fig. 439). — Head rounded, widest through eyes,
a slight notch at insertion of antennae, front evenly rounded. Antenna? small,
slender, uniform, a small single hair near middle. Upper pair of dorsal head-
hairs single, long, lower pair double, smaller, situated far down on the face;
ante-antennal tufts small, in threes. Skin of body smooth. Lateral comb of
the eighth segment of about twenty rather large scales in a patch three rows
deep in middle, each scale broad, bluntly rounded, smooth. Air-tube stout,
about two and a half times as long as wide, tapering outwardly, pecten of evenly
spaced teeth not reaching to the middle, followed by a single three-haired tuft.
Anal segment longer than wide, with a dorsal plate reaching beyond middle
of sides, emarginate laterally; dorsal tuft a long hair and tuft on each side;
lateral hair at angle of plate double, long; ventral brush well developed with
some tufts preceding barred area, a small lateral chitinous triangular plate on
either side of barred area ; anal gills broad, blunt, short, upper pair not as long
as the segment, lower pair much smaller.

Mr. Kiab found the larva? in old cocoanut-husks containing foul water ; Mr.
Urich found them in open water-filled bamboo-joints at Trinidad; Mr. Busck
and Mr. Jennings found the larva? most frequently in holes in trees. Mr. Busck
obtained the larva? from a pot-hole in a rock on Taboga Island. Mr. Jennings
twice found them in a stream, their presence there probably being due to the
emptying of some receptacle which had contained them. The larva? normally
inhabit water in hollow trees.

We have no further observations on the life history.

Mainland of tropical America.

Sonsonate, Salvador, August 30, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Cacao, Trece Aguas,
Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala, April 26, 1906 (Schwarz & Barber) ; Livingstone,
Guatemala, May 11, 1906 (H. S. Barber) ; Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama, June
10, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Ahorca Lagarto, Canal Zone, Panama, June 12, 1907
(A. Busck) ; Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama, June 4, 1907 (A. Busck),
December 22, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Las Cascadas, Canal Zone, Panama,
July 17, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Taboga Island, Panama Bay, Panama, July 13,
1907 (A. Busck) ; Matachin, Canal Zone, Panama, May 5, 1908 (A. PL Jen-
nings) ; Ancon, Canal Zone, Panama, July 1, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Trini-
dad, British West Indies (F. W. Urich, A. Busck) . Eeported also from British
Guiana (Theobald).

Hcemagogus albomaculatus is closely allied to H. splendens and occupies the
same geographical region. It presents, however, certain differences in all the
stages, so that we have no doubt that there are two distinct, although closely
allied species.

Hmmagogus albomaculatus was founded upon the presence of a large seta on
the fourth abdominal segment; we had seen no specimen showing such a

HiEMAGOGUS EQUINUS

871

characteristic and suspected an error. Mr. Busck has examined the type of
albomaculatus in the British Museum at our request, and reports :

"Three specimens from British Guiana from Dr. Low, one of them labeled
type; on the type specimen there is a small, probably extraneous, hair on the
fourth abdominal segment, which I can not perceive in the two other specimens,
which appear quite smooth."

It therefore appears from Mr. Busck's examination that this seta is ex-
traneous, and upon its elimination from the description, we are able to recog-
nize the species. It is evidently the one described by Dyar & Knab as Emma-
gogus regalis.

Coquillett placed albomaculatus in his genus Cacomyia in which the female
has toothed claws and a short second marginal cell. This was due to his having
misidentified specimens of Hcemagogus capricornii as this species. Theobald,
in the fourth volume of his Monograph, p. 554, follows Coquillett in placing
albomaculatus in Cacomyia; but the characters there given agree with capri-
cornii and the reference will accordingly be found under that species.

HiEMAGOGUS EQUINUS Theobald.

Hcemagogus eguinus Theobald, Entomologist, xxxvi, 282, 1903.

Hcemagogus equinus Theobald & Grabham, Mosq. or Culic. of Jamaica, 37, 1905.

Aedes philosophicus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 190, 195, 1906.

Aedes philosophicus Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., viii, 19, 1906.

Aedes philosophicus Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 164, 1906.

Aedes affirmatus Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 164, 1906.

Cacomyia eguinus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. No. 11, 25, 1906.

Cacomyia equina Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 554, 1907.

Hcemagogus affirmatus Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., lii, 64, 1908.
Cacomyia equina Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 494, 1910.
Aedes affirmatus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 597, 1910.

Stegoconops equinus Howard, Dyar & Knab, Mosq. No. & Centr. Amer. & W. Ind.,
i, 53; ii, pi. 23, fig. 162, 1913.

Original Description of H.^magogus equinus:

Head metallic violet, white between the eyes in front; palpi and proboscis black;
antennae pale brown. Thorax metallic green; pleurae snowy white. Abdomen
bright metallic violet, with three prominent and one faint silvery white basal bands
and white lateral spots. Legs unhanded, deep brown; femora white beneath. Wings
with violet reflections, iridescent.

?. Head clothed with flat metallic violet scales, except a patch between the eyes,
which are white, and at the sides, where they are grey and black; black bristles
project over the eyes, and there is a trace of a narrow pale border surrounding
them; clypeus with a frosty sheen; palpi black; proboscis black, curved upwards,
nearly as long as the whole body; antennae pale brown, basal segments deep brown,
with dusky scales on the large basal and second segments. Thorax black, covered
with large flat apple-green metallic scales, rounded at their apices and irregularly
disposed over the mesonotum; a patch of almost silvery white ones just in front of
the roots of the wings, with also long dense black bristles; scutellum with flat
green and blue scales and black border-bristles; prothoracic lobes and pleurae
silvery white. Abdomen rich metallic violet; the first segment with an oblique
white line on each side; the second and third unadorned; the fourth with a few
large basal white scales; the fifth, sixth and seventh segments with basal white
bands; border-bristles short, black; each segment with a large basal silvery white
lateral spot; venter pure silvery white; each segment with a median black spot,
the last two segments projecting downwards, and giving the appearance of two
ventral black tufts. Legs unhanded, deep brown, with metallic violet reflections,
and a pale knee spot to the mid and hind pair; femora white beneath; ungues small,
equal, and simple. Wings faintly tinged with brown, metallic violet and iridescent
in certain lights; first submarginal cell slightly longer and narrower than the second
posterior cell, its base nearer the apex of the wing, its stem longer than the cell;
stem of the second posterior longer than the cell; posterior cross-vein rather more
than its own length distant from the mid cross-vein; halteres with ochraceous
stem and fuscous knob. Length, 4-5 mm.

Hab. Kingston, Jamaica, W. I.

872

MOSQUITOES OF XORTEE AMERICA

Time of capture. August (24th).

Observations. — Described from a single perfect specimen. Dr. Grabham took this
brilliant species feeding on a horse. He took two specimens, and mentions that
" it is by far the most brilliant species found here, and evidently uncommon." It
was taken at 7 p. m. at the lower end of Old Pound Road. It resembles H. cyaneus,
Fabricius, but the venation is different, the first submarginal cell being smaller,
and having its base nearer the apex of the wing, whilst in cyaneus it is nearer
the base; moreover, the abdomen is adorned. It also approaches H. albomaculatus,
Theob., but the abdomen has not the curious chaetotactic characters seen in that
species and is banded, not having the two median spots seen in albomaculatus.
The three species of Hwmagogus tabulate as follows:
A. Abdomen unadorned. Base of first submarginal cell nearer base of wing
than the base of the second posterior cell. . cyaneus, Fab.=

splendens, Willis.

AA. Abdomen adorned.

a. Base of first submarginal cell nearer apex of wing than that of

posterior cell.

b. With prominent chaetae and two median basal white spots

albomaculatus, Theob.
bb. No prominent chaetae, but basal white bands and a white oblique

stripe on each side of first segment equinus. Theob.

Original Desceiption of Aedes philosophicus :

The characters are indicated in the table. It was collected by the junior author
at Tehuantepec, Salina Cruz, Acapulco, Mexico, and Sonsonate, Salvador. The
specimens were named " Hwmagogus equinus Theobald " by Mr. Coquillett, but we
are unaware that any species has been so named. The Culex equinus of Linnaeus
and Fabricius is said to be probably a Simulium.

The following is an abstract of the table :

1. Air tube with the tuft beyond the pecten 8

8. Pecten of the air tube with evenly spaced teeth 13

13. Comb scales few, in a single or irregularly single row 14

14. Anal segment not ringed, at least a small space along ventral line. 18
18. Comb scales long, pointed, thorn-shaped philosophicus

Original Description of Aedes affirmatus:

Shining blue, like Hwmagogus splendens Williston, but the female with the fore
and middle tarsal claws toothed. Head and thorax clothed with metallic blue
scales, pleurae silvery white; abdomen dark blue above, the first segment with a
white bar on each side, below with silvery white segmental bands. Legs blue-black,
middle and hind femora with a silvery white spot at tip, the middle femora narrowly
white lined below, the posterior ones very broadly so for the basal three-fourths.
Base of first submedian cell nearer apex of wing than base of second posterior cell.

Four specimens, Santa Lucrecia, State of Vera Cruz, and Salina Cruz, State of
Oaxaca, Mexico; Las Loras, near Puntarenas, and Rio Aranjuez, Puntarenas, Costa
Rica (F. Knab).

Type— Cat. No. 10,023, U. S. Nat. Mus.

The larva is unknown.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Hwmagogus equinus :

Female. — Proboscis long, slender, subcylindrical, uniform, labellae conically
tapered ; vestiture deep violet-blue ; setae minute, curved, black, those on labellae
more prominently outstanding. Palpi small, about one-sixth as long as the
proboscis; vestiture deep violet-blue, with a few moderate setae. Antennae
filiform, the joints snbequal, rugose, coarsely pilose, brown ; second joint slightly
thickened towards apex and with a few small scales; tori subspherical, with a
cup-shaped apical excavation, black, with a few minute hairs on inner side.
Clypeus rounded triangular, prominent, convex, black, shining, nude. Eyes
black. Occiput clothed with broad, flat metallic-blue scales, a white margin
along the eyes, cheeks white ; setae along margins of eyes moderate, black.

Prothoracic lobes large, closely approximate dorsally, collar-like, clothed
with broad, flat metallic blue scales above, white ones on anterior edge and
below, a few stiff black bristles on apical margin. Mesonotum black, clothed
with elliptical, flat, metallic blue scales with green and olivaceous reflections;

H2EMAG0GUS EQUINUS

873

bristles over roots of wings short, black. Scutellum trilobate, middle lobe
broad ; clothed with broad, flat, metallic green and blue scales, each lobe with a
group of black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, black, slightly prui-
nose, nude. Pleura; and coxae blackish, nearly solidly clothed with flat silvery-
white scales ; setae minute, dark.

Abdomen subcylindrical, sixth and seventh segments apically enlarged be-
neath, eighth segment tapered posteriorly; dorsal vestiture of metallic, shining
blue scales, the segments beyond the second with a basal silvery-white patch
becoming bands on sixth and seventh segments, a series of large, lateral, tri-
angular, segmentary, basal silvery-white spots ; first segment dark metallic blue
scaled on the disk, silvery-white at the sides, with fine dark hairs ; venter dark
metallic blue scaled, with silvery segmentary basal bands.

Wings moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell somewhat longer
than its cell, that of second posterior cell longer than its cell ; basal cross-vein
distant more than its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales brownish-
black, on the costa black with a blue reflection, the outstanding ones narrowly
ligulate, denser and broader on the second vein. Halteres whitish, with the
knobs black.

Legs rather long and slender ; vestiture black with dark violet-blue reflec-
tion ; trochanters silvery-whitish ; hind femora silvery-white beneath and on
outer side to near apex; knees of middle and hind legs silvery-white scaled.
Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Male. — Proboscis nearly straight, long and slender, black scaled. Palpi
about three-fourths as long as the proboscis, slender, uniform, the last two
joints with a few stiff bristles; vestiture dark violet-blue. Antennae plumose,
the last two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others short, pale,
broadly ringed with black at insertions of hair-whorls ; hairs of whorls long, fine,
black, and rather dense. Prothoracic lobes less closely approximate dorsally
than in the female. Coloration similar to the female. Abdomen elongate, sub-
cylindrical, slightly enlarged apically, dorsally with all but the second segment
with basal silvery bands; lateral ciliation short, rather sparse, fine, blackish.
Wings narrower than in the female, the stems of the fork-cells longer ; vesti-
ture sparse. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Genitalia (plate 23, fig. 162) : Side-pieces about twice as long as wide,
rounded at tip ; basal lobe represented by a small rounded protuberance at base,
densely setose ; a row of large outstanding scales on inner aspect of side-piece.
Clasp-filament short and slender, with a long articulated terminal spine. Harpes
broad, wide at base, margin narrowly recurved, tips rounded. Harpagones with
a thick, bent columnar base, pilose, terminated at the tip by a thin, broad, leaf-
like twisted plate. Unci contiguous, revolute, forming a small basal cone. No
basal appendages.

Larva, Stage IV. — Head rounded, widest through the eyes, a slight notch
at insertion of antennae, front margin broadly rounded. Antennae moderate,
slender, very sparsely spined, a single hair near middle ; four irregular
apical spines and a long digit with a small subbasal branch. Both pairs of
dorsal head-hairs single, ante-antennal tufts triple. Mental plate triangular,
with a stout central tooth and eight on each side, the two basal ones remote and
angular, the outer one small and very remote. Mandible quadrangular, a few
spines at base; two filaments from a notch before tip; an outer row of cilia
from a collar; a row of long filaments on outer margin ; dentition of a curved
tooth on a process with three little ones on the lower declivity and a larger one
below; a smooth filament and row of feathered hairs within; process below
56

874

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

widely furcate, with a row of hairs along margin and a tuft at tip of each limb ;
basal angle slight ; a row of hairs within and a row at base. Maxilla irregularly
hemispherical, divided by a suture ; inner half mostly covered with hairs, those
on margin longer and stiffer ; a row of long stout hairs at tip ; outer half with
two small filaments near tip, a subapical spine and a patch of fine hairs; palpus
moderate, slender, with five small apical digits. Skin of body smooth. Thorax
rounded, wider than long. Abdomen moderate, anterior segments shorter;
lateral hairs in threes on first two segments, in twos on third to fifth ; subdorsal
hairs in stellate tufts. Air-tube stout, tapered outwardly, about three times as
long as wide ; pecten reaching nearly to middle, of stout closely placed teeth,
the teeth with a single basal branch ; a single three-haired tuft beyond pecten.
Lateral comb of eighth segment of twelve scales in a single row ; single scale a
thorn-shaped spine fringed with very short fine spinules. Anal segment as
long as broad, with a dorsal plate reaching well down the sides, a row of long
spines on its posterior margin ; dorsal tuft a long hair and brush on each side ;
a lateral multiple tuft on posterior angle of plate ; ventral brush well developed,
with hairs preceding the barred area and a small triangular plate on each side ;
anal gills moderate, about as long as the segment, the lower pair shorter than
the upper.

Mr. Knab found the larvas in water in a hole in a tree-trunk at Tehuantepec.
Also in a tree-hole at Salina Cruz, Mexico. Concerning the latter locality he
says : " The presence of blue mosquitoes led to a search for hollow trees and at
last one was found. A tree, perhaps a foot through, had a hole into which
the hand could barely be inserted. It contained liquid as dark as strong coffee
and in this were larvae and pupa?." At Aeapulco, Mexico, Mr. Knab en-
countered the species in a hollow in a large surface root of a tree, containing
more than a quart of very dark liquid with numerous larvag, apparently all of
one species. Again in the village of San Antonio, near Sonsonate, Salvador,
there was a large tree with widely spreading surface roots. Two holes in these
roots contained water and larvae of this species. Mr. Busck bred a specimen
from water in broken bamboos on Tobago Island, near Trinidad, West Indies.
The larvae will probably be found to occur occasionally in artificial receptacles
as well as in tree-holes. A female was taken by Dr. Grabham biting a horse.
We have no other observations on the life history.

Tropical America.

Aeapulco, Mexico, July 30, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Salina Cruz, Mexico, July 15,
1905 (F. Knab) ; Tehuantepec, Mexico, July 1, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Las Penas,
State of Jalisco, Mexico, July 18, 1903 (A. Duges) ; Tonala, State of Chiapas,
Mexico (A. Duges) ; Santa Lucrecia, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, June 19,
1905 (F. Knab) ; Frontera, State of Tabasco, Mexico, April 28 (C. H. T.
Townsend) ; Sonsonate, Salvador, August 18, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Izalco, Sal-
vador, August 21, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Las Loras, Costa Eica, September 8, 1905
(F. Knab) ; Bio Aranjuez, Costa Eica, September 12, 1905 (F. Knab) ; San
Jose, Costa Eica, September 21, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Lion Hill, Canal Zone,
Panama (A. Busck) ; Miraflores, Canal Zone, Panama, May 9, 1908 (A.
H. Jennings) ; Ancon, Canal Zone, Panama, February 19, 1908 (A. H. Jen-
nings); Schepmoed, British Guiana, January 29, 1906 (E. D. Eowland) ;
Tobago Island, near Trinidad, July, 1905 (A. Busck) ; Kingston, Jamaica,
July 8, 1903 (M. Grabham).

In describing Hcemagogus equinus Theobald states positively that the claws
of the female are simple, and repeats the statement in the fourth volume of his
work. However, he mentions two specimens, one of which was in the possession
of Dr. Grabham. This we have examined, through the kindness of Dr. Grab-
ham, and find the claws to be toothed. Dr. Howard has since examined the
other specimen in the British Museum and found the claws to be toothed. We

HiEMAGOGTJS CAPRICORNII

875

are therefore able to positively identify this species with our Aides philosophi-
cus, described from Mexico. Aides affirmatus proves to be the same species, the
describers having been misled as to its characters by the imperfect condition
of the captured specimens.

HiEMAGOGUS CAPRICORNII Lutz.

H&magogus capricornii Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 66, 1904.
Stegoconops capricorni Lutz, Imprensa Medica, 1905, 83, 1905.
Aedes capricornii Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 163, 1906.
Hwmagogus albomaculatus Dyar & Knab (not Theobald), Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
xix, 166, 1906.

Cacomyia albomaculatus Coquillett (not Theobald), TJ. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent..

Tech. Ser. No. 11, 25, 1906.
Cacomyia albomaculata Theobald (not Theobald), Mon. Culic, iv, 554, 1907.
Stegoconops capricorni Peryassu, Os Culic. do Brazil, 45, 172, 1908.
Hwmagogus capricornii Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 493, 1910.
Stegoconops capricornii Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 606, 1910.

Stegoconops capricornii Howard, Dyar & Knab, Mosq. No. & Centr. Amer. & W. Ind.,
i, 65; ii, pi. 24, fig. 165, pi. 120, fig. 438, 1913.

Original Description of Stegoconops capricorni:

(Femea). Comprimento do corpo 5 mm., sem a tromba que mede 2,5 mm. Cor
geral azul metallico escura, sendo o fundo desnudado preto.

Tromba — Cornprida, preta, com brilho azul escuro, quasi do comprimento do
abdomen; os labellos amarellos na ponta, onde ha pellos finos e alguns um pouco
maiores no lado inferior da raiz.

Antennas — Quasi do mesmo tamanho que a tromba. Torus muito escuro, quasi
preto mas com brilho esbranquicado e com pellos curtos e escuros do lado interno;
no flagello tanto os pellos maiores como os menores sao de cor preta, porem os
ultimos com brilho prateado.

Palpos — Pretos, com brilho azul e muitos pellos escuros.

Clypeus — Como o torus das antennas.

Occiput — Fundo preto; na margem posterior dos olhos uma fileira de pequenas
escamas brancas, espatuladas; o resto § coberto de escamas maiores, chatas e im-
bricadas, de cor azul metallico; estas, como tambem as do prothorax, pleuras,
mesonotum, abdomen e extremidades, sao espatuladas com a ponta mais ou menos
arredondada; pelo lado de fora e na regiao mental sao substituidas por escamas
branco-nacaradas.

Lobulos prothoracicos — Muito salientes, com pellos escuros e escamas iguaes em
forma, cor e agrupamento, as do occiput.

Mesonotum — Cor preta, escamas obovaes iridescentes em verde-azul, bronze e
cobre, como pennas de beija-flor. As mesmas, um pouco alongadas, encontram-se
no scutellum.

Pleuras — Escamas branco-nacaradas, formando uma mancha continua de brilho
branco um pouco prateado.

Scutellum — Nos lobos lateraes 3 para 4 pellos maiores, no medio 2 para 4. Acima
da raiz das azas ha pellos grossos, escuros, em numero maior, que seguem sobre a
margem do scutellum, onde existem nos lobos lateraes e no mediano, em numero
variavel, como vimos, por serem em parte substituidos por outros mais curtos.

Abdomen — Em cima de cor uniforme, azul metallico escuro, havendo apenas na
base dos ultimos segmentos algumas escamas brancas; estas tamben se acham na
face ventral, onde cobrem de modo uniforme os primeiros segmentos, e formam
manchas obliquas no lado dos ultimos; a conformagao dos tres ultimos segmentos
segue o typo do genero Carrollia e Gualteria.

Azas — Escamas medianas espatuladas, curtas e largas, com brilho metallico e
outras de cor cinzenta, compridas e estreitas, do typo do genero Culex; cellulas
forqueadas pequenas, menores do que os seus pedunculos; a primeira mais estreita
que a segunda; as duas primeiras nervuras transversaes formam um angulo obtuso,
aberto para a base, da qual a terceira se approxima por mais do seu comprimento.

Pernas — De azul escuro uniforme, com excepgao do aspecto inferior do femur
posterior, que e coberto de escamas nacaradas; ha muitos espinhos, principalmento
no lado inferior das tibia posteriores, onde sao visiveis macroscopicamente.

Unhas das patas anteriores, iguaes, maiores e com dente na base; as das pos-
teriores, diminutas, iguaes e inernes.

Nota — Esta especie silvestre predomina na zona atravessada pelo tropico de
Capricornio, do qual o nome generico e" derivado. Nao conhego o hasmagogus
cyaneus, mas pela descripgao trata-se de um mosquito semelhante, comquanto dif-

876

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

ferente no genero e na especie. Desconheco o macho, mas os caracteres da femea
indicam que deve ser collocado ao lado do stegoconops leucomelas.

Description of Female, Male, and Labva of H^magogus capricobnlt:

Female. — Proboscis rather long and slender, subcylindrical, uniform labellse
conically tapered ; vestiture deep blue-black ; sete minute, curved, black, those
on labella? more prominently outstanding. Palpi small, about one-sixth as long
as the proboscis ; vestiture metallic violet-black, with a few moderate setse. An-
tennas filiform, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose, black ; second joint distinctly
swollen at middle ; tori rather small, subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical
excavation, black, with a few minute hairs on inner side ; hairs of whorls sparse,
rather long, black. Clypeus prominent, rounded triangular, flattened, black,
nude. Eyes black. Occiput clothed with broad, flat, dark violet-blue scales
with a metallic reflection; cheeks and margins of eyes appearing silvery; seta?
along margins of eyes coarse, black, those projecting between the eyes also black.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, large, collar-like, closely approximate dorsally,
clothed with broad, flat, dark metallic blue scales and a few stiff black bristles.
Mesonotum black, clothed with elliptical, flat, dark scales with bright green,
blue and bronzy metallic reflections; bristles over roots of wings black. Scu-
tellum trilobate, middle lobe broad, clothed with broad metallic blue scales, each
lobe with a group of dark bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, brownish-
black, shining, nude. Pleurae and coxas blackish, nearly solidly clothed with
silvery-white flat scales; setaa minute, dark.

Abdomen subcylindrical, slightly tapered posteriorly, the sixth and seventh
segments apically expanded beneath; dorsal vestiture of bright metallic violet
and purple scales, a lateral series of large, subquadrate, segmentary basal
silvery-white spots, showing in dorsal view on sixth, seventh and eighth seg-
ments, continued dorsally as narrow basal bands on the last two ; first segment
metallic violet scaled with a silvery spot at the sides and with many short, fine
dark hairs ; venter violaceous scaled, with narrow segmental basal silvery bands,
the scales on sixth and seventh segments roughened.

Wings rather narrow, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell longer than its
cell, that of second posterior cell longer than its cell ; basal cross-vein distant
about its own length from anterior cross-vein; scales brownish-black, a blue
reflection on the costa, outstanding ones narrowly ligulate. Halteres whitish,
with black knobs.

Legs rather long, moderately slender; vestiture dark metallic violet; tro-
chanters silvery-whitish; mid femora with scattered white scales below; hind
femora broadly silvery -white below nearly to tip; scales somewhat roughened,
particularly on hind tibia? and tarsi. Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Male. — Proboscis rather long and slender, somewhat upcurved, black. Palpi
short, about one-eighth the length of the proboscis, violet-black scaled. Antenna?
plumose, the last two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others
short, pale, ringed with black at insertions of hair-whorls ; hairs of whorls long,
fine and dense. Wings narrower than in the female, the stems of the fork-cells
longer; vestiture sparse. Coloration similar to the female. Abdomen hardly
more elongate than in the female ; seventh and eighth segments much dilated,
apically with coarse, long, sub-erect black scales ; no distinct lateral ciliation.
Claw formula, 1.1-1.1-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Genitalia (plate 24, fig. 165) : Side-pieces twice as long as wide, conically
tapered ; basal lobe a small rounded protuberance at the base, densely setose ; a
row of large outstanding scales on inner aspect. Clasp-filament moderate, with a
long, articulated terminal spine. Harpes slender, subspatulate, inner margin
thickened, tips recurved in a minute hook, minutely dentate on margin. Har-

ORTHOPODOMYIA

877

pagones with a slender, long, columnar base, pilose, flexuous, bearing an ar-
ticulated terminal filament of about the same width as the stem. Unci con-
tiguous, revolute, forming a large basal cylinder.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 126, fig. 438). — Head rounded, widest through eyes;
antenna? rather small, slender, smooth, a single hair near middle ; both pairs of
dorsal head-hairs in twos, the lower pair situated rather low down on face ; ante-
antennal tufts of three hairs, small. Skin of body coarsely and densely hairy.
Lateral comb of eighth segment of eight scales in a straight row attached to a
small chitinous plate, each scale with broad body and long sharp tip, smooth,
without lateral fringes. Air-tube stout, about two and a half times as long as
wide, tapered outwardly ; pccten of about fifteen evenly spaced short teeth and
reaching about to middle of tube, followed by a two-haired tuft. Anal seg-
ment longer than wide, with a dorsal plate, notched at the sides, with a few long
spines along its posterior border; dorsal tuft a long hair and tuft on each side ;
tufts of posterior angles six-haired and very long; ventral brush long but sparse
with tufts preceding the barred area for a short distance; a small triangular
plate on either side of barred area; anal gills not as long as segment, stout, but
sharply pointed, equal.

The larvae live in water in tree-holes and probably also in bamboo, as Mr.
Jennings captured adults in a bamboo woods.

Tropical America, less distributed towards the North than the other species
of the genus.

Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama, May 13, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Caldera
Island, Porto Eello Bay, Panama (A. H. Jennings) ; St. Anns, Trinidad (P.
W. Urich). Reported also from State of Sao Paulo (Lutz) and Juiz de Fora
and Oliveira, State of Minas Geraes, Brazil (Peryassu).

Coquillett placed Hcemagogus capricornii in his genus Cacomyia and the
short palpi of the male caused him to confuse it with Hcemagogus albomaculatus,
a species which has simple claws in the female. Theobald followed Coquillett
and placed albomaculatus in Cacomyia, but his statement about the venation,
taken from Coquillett, applies to the present species. Neither author mentions
the structure of the female claws in Cacomyia. Theobald's repetition of Co-
quillett's reference of albomaculatus to Cacomyia in the fourth volume of his
work is doubtless due to the haste of compilation.

Genus ORTHOPODOMYIA Theobald.

Stegomyia Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, i, 283, 1901.
Orthopodomyia Theobald, Entomologist, xxxvii, 236, 1904.
Bancroftia Lutz in Bourroul, Mosquitos do Brasil, 59, 1904.
Stegomyia Felt (in part), Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 338, 391d, 1904.
Bancroftia Lutz, Imprensa Med., 1905, 68, 1905.
Stegomyia Blanchard (in part), Les Moustiques, 247, 1905.
Finlaya Blanchard (in part), Les Moustiques, 630, 1905.
Bancroftia Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 632, 1905.
Pneumaculcx Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 45, 46, 1905.
Stegomyia Theobald (in part), Gen. Ins., Dipt., fasc. 26, 18, 1905.
Finlaya Theobald (in part), Gen. Ins., Dipt., fasc. 26, 32, 1905.
Mansonia Dyar & Knab (not Blanchard), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 184, 1906.
Mansonia Coquillett (in part, not Blanchard), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser.
11, 16, 25, 1906.

Pneumaeulex Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 16, 26, 1906.

Mansonia Dyar & Knab (in part, not Blanchard), Can. Ent., xxxix, 48, 1907.

Bancroftia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 521, 1907.

Pneumaeulex Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 523, 1907.

Orthopodomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 527, 1907.

Mansonia Knab (not Blanchard), Ent. News, xviii, 153, 1907.

Bancroftia Peryassu, Os Culicideos do Brazil, 36, 1908.

Mansonia Williston (in part, not Blanchard), Man. No. Am. Dipt., 3 ed., 107, 1908.
Bancroftia Dyar & Knab, Ent. News, xxi, 264, 1910.

878

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Bancroftia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 118, 469, 1910.
Pneumaculex Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 118, 469, 1910.
Orthopodomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 118, 470, 1910.

Thomasina Newstead & Carter, Ann. Trop. Med. & Par., Ser. T. M., iv, 553, 1911.
Bancroftia Howard, Dyar & Knab, Mosq. No. & Centr. Amer. & W. Ind., i, 53, 63, 65,

70, 74, 93, 94, 95, 144, 184, 1913.
Orthopodomyia Edwards, Bull. Ent. Res., iv, 239, 1913.

The type species are : Of Orthopodomyia Theobald, Orthopodomyia albipes
Leicester ; of Bancroftia Lutz, Bancroftia albicosta Lutz ; of Pneumaculex Dyar,
Culex signifer Coquillett; of Thomasina Newstead & Carter, Mansonia longi-
palpis Newstead & Thomas.
Genebic Diagnosis of Adult:

Proboscis rather long and slender; palpi rather short in the female, long in the
male. Antennae slender and filiform in the female, the joints with rather small
basal whorls; plumose in the male, the last two joints long and slender, the others
short but longer than usual in males, stout, giving the shaft a rigid appearance,
with basal whorls of long hairs. Prothoracic lobes remote dorsally. Mesonotum
with series of coarse long seta? along the sides and fewer upon the disk. Seutellum
rather feebly trilobate. Postnotum nude. Abdomen subcylindrical, blunt at the
tip in the female, the cerci visible; scarcely expanded in the male, the lateral
ciliation slight. Legs long and rather slender, the fourth joint of the front tarsi
much shorter than the fifth in both sexes; claws simple in the female, unequal and
some of them toothed in the male.

Generic Diagnosis of Larva:

Head rounded, not particularly widened through the eyes, often a little longer than
wide; antennae moderate, smooth, with the tuft before the middle. Abdomen with
a series of dorsal plates on the sixth to eighth or seventh and eighth segments,
which appear only in the last larval stage. Air tube moderately long, smooth, with-
out pecten, a single hair tuft near the middle. Lateral comb of the eighth segment
of greatly elongated spines. Anal segment ringed by a chitinous band in the last
stage; ventral brush well developed, confined to the barred area. Anal gills generally
with the upper pair longer than the lower pair. The skin contains a red pigment.

Tropical and temperate regions of America; Oriental Eegion.

The generic status of our species of Orthopodomyia has been in much con-
fusion, although the genus is really a well-marked one. Theobald placed
signifer, the species first made known, in Stegomyia, being guided by the
thoracic ornamentation of the adult. Lutz in 1904 and Dyar in 1905 created
new genera for species of this genus. Coquillett, and later Newstead and
Thomas, placed one species in Mansonia, being deceived by the shape of the
wing-scales. Dyar and Knab placed in Mansonia all the species found to be
congeneric with this species on larval characters, thus completely distorting
that genus. The tree-hole inhabiting larvse treated by them as Mansonia belong
to Orthopodomyia, whereas the larva? of Mansonia in the proper sense live in
marshes of permanent water, attached to the roots of aquatic plants. Dyar and
Knab adopted the name Bancroftia for this genus and we have used it in the
earlier part of this work, but Edwards has since shown that Orthopodomyia from
the Oriental Eegion is the same and apparently has priority.

The lame inhabit water in holes in trees, in broken bamboos and at the leaf-
bases of Bromeliacese. The eggs of the species best known are laid singly on the
sides of the tree-hole at the edge of the water line, sometimes in rows of two or
three or even more. Each is covered by a gelatinous, brown, wrinkled mem-
brane, resembling a veil. They hatch in two or three days and the little larvse
descend into the brown water which collects in such tree-holes. The adults are
attracted to such water for purposes of oviposition. Similar conditions occa-
sionally obtain in old water barrels or other similar artificial receptacles, and
these are, when suitably situated, occasionally inhabited by the Orthopodomyia
larvae. The larval development is not particularly rapid. Hibernation appar-
ently occurs in the advanced larval state, in the only species known to occur

TABLES OF ORTHOPODOMYIA

879

in colder regions. There are, however, several broods in a year, the early larvae
pupating and emerging normally. The adults inhabit wooded places and have
been taken resting on the trunks of trees. The females will bite when given
an opportunity, but are not especially troublesome. They are never common,
owing no doubt to their peculiar breeding-places, which renders it impossible
for them to develop in great numbers. The larvae are preyed upon by larvag
of species of Megarhinus, which probably greatly reduce their numbers. We
have never found our northern species so abundant as other tree-hole inhabiting
mosquitoes, such as A'edes triseriatus Say, which is often a serious nuisance in
wooded places.

The larvaa are peculiar by the absence of the pecten of the air-tube. They
are strongly pigmented with crimson ; the tracheal tubes are enlarged into
bladders in the thorax. In these characters they agree with the larvae of
Megarhinus. The peculiar abdominal plates tbat appear in the last stage are
also suggestive of the plates of Megarhinus, though not homologous with them.

Tables of the Species,
adults, structure and coloration.

1. Thorax without narrow silvery white lines 2

Thorax with narrow silvery white lines 3

2. Wing-scales mottled yellow and black fascipes Coquillett (p. 882)

Wing-scales dark persephassa Dyar & Knab (p. 886)

3. Wings with large yellowish costal spots phyllozoa Dyar & Knab (p. 879)

Wings with black scales peppered with white 4

4. The two posterior thoracic lines beginning close to the second pair of anterior

lines signifer Coquillett (p. 887)

The two posterior thoracic lines beginning about halfway between the ends

of the two anterior pairs of lines waverleyi Grabham (p. 891)

MALE GENITALIA.

1. Clasp-filament with a row of setae within phyllozoa Dyar & Knab (p. 881)

Clasp-filament simple 2

2. Unci double, with a small inner piece fascipes Coquillett (p. 884)

Unci single, without inner piece f signifer Coquillett (P- 889)

* \waverleyi Grabham (p. 892)

Of the following we possess no males : persephassa Dyar & Knab.

LARViE.

1. Air tube long and slender; lateral comb of the eighth segment with only a

few scales in the second row phyllozoa Dyar & Knab (p. 881)

Air tube short; lateral comb of the eighth segment of scales in a double row 2

2. Sixth abdominal segment with a large dorsal plate reaching to the middle of

the side fascipes Coquillett (p. 884)

Sixth abdominal segment with a small dorsal saddle only

f signifer Coquillett (p. 889)
ywaverleyi Grabham (p. 892)

The larva of persephassa Dyar & Knab is unknown.

ORTHOPODOMYIA PHYLLOZOA (Dyar & Knab).

Mansonia phyllozoa Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 199, 1907.
Mansonia phyllozoa Busck, Smiths. Miss. Colls., quart, iss., lii, 60, 1908.
Mansonia phyllozoa Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 619, 1910.

Bancroftia phyllozoa Howard, Dyar & Knab, Mosq. No. & Centr. Amer. & W. Ind.,

ii, pi. 35, fig. 236, pi. 129, fig. 448, 1913.
Bancroftia phyllozoa Picado, Bull. Scient. France et Belg., 7 ser., xlvii, 353, 1913.

Original Description of Mansonia phyllozoa:

j?. — Proboscis moderately long and stout, slightly swollen towards the apex,
black scaled, a yellow-white ring behind the middle; palpi nearly as long as the
proboscis, black scaled with two yellow-white rings, the apices brilliantly silver
scaled; mesonotum very deep brown with four longitudinal lines of silvery-white
scales, two of these lines are marginal and extend the entire length of the meso-

880

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

notum, the other two submedian and begin behind the middle and extend over the
scutellum where they unite upon its hind margin; the lateral stripes extend along
the sides of the scutellum; metanotum with a median carina, dark brown. Abdo-
men dark scaled, with lateral patches of whitish scales. Legs with the femora
predominatingly yellow scaled, the apices black; tibiae yellowish-white scaled,
ringed with black, the rings becoming larger towards the apices, first tarsal joints
black, maculate with white; on the hind legs the apices broadly white, the second
tarsal joint white at the apex and nearly half its base, the third joint broadly white
at the base, minutely at the apex, the fourth more narrowly white at the base, the
fifth entirely white-scaled; fore and mid legs narrowly white marked. Wings with
the veins mostly black scaled; four conspicuous yellowish-white elongated costal
spots one of these basal and very long, the others shorter, all involving the first vein.
Length, 3 mm.

One specimen, Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama (August Busck, Collector), bred
from larva? in the leaves of Bromelias.
Type— No. 10864, U. S. National Museum.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Orthopodomyia phyllozoa:

Female. — Proboscis moderately long, rather stout, slightly dilated towards
apex; vestiture black, a pale yellow spot dorsally beyond middle and another
close to apex ; labellse short and broad, pale scaled. Palpi over half the length
of the proboscis, slender; vestiture black, with scattered yellowish scales and
a yellowish ring behind the middle, apices silvery-white scaled. Antennas fili-
form, long, the joints subequal, rugose, black, coarsely pilose ; second joint
thickened towards apex; tori small, deep brown, pruinose, a patch of small
white scales on inner side ; hairs of whorls sparse, rather short, black. Clypeus
conical, convex, dull chestnut-brown. Occiput clothed broadly with curved,
narrowly lanceolate pale yellow scales, ovate yellow ones on the sides with a
patch of black ones; margins of eyes silvery-white scaled; cheeks yellowish-
white scaled; numerous yellow and black upright forked scales broadly dis-
tributed over the nape ; a pair of long yellowish bristles projecting between eyes.

Prothoracic lobes small, lateral, not prominent, with some small white scales
and a few long pale bristles. Mesonotum rich brown, partly clothed with sparse,
minute, narrow, curved brown scales and with dorsal and lateral series of long,
coarse black bristles ; two submedian narrow bare longitudinal stripes reaching
to antescutellar space; at the sides of this space are broad bare areas running
forward to beyond the middle and surrounded by lanceolate silver white scales,
the outer border of white scales close to lateral margin and continued forward
to anterior angles ; a marginal line of pale yellow scales from roots of wings to
middle. Scutellum with lanceolate silver-white scales in continuation of the
four lines on mesonotum, the median pair confluent on distal part of mid lobe ;
each lobe with a group of long golden bristles. Postnotum elliptical, promi-
nent, yellowish-brown, nude, with a median longitudinal fine ridge and pale
yellowish lateral margins. Pleura? and coxa? dark grayish, bearing dark setae
and a few patches of small, broad whitish scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, slightly enlarged towards apex, depressed, blunt
at tip ; dorsal vestiture brownish-black, irregular patches of silver-white scales
at lateral margins of segments, particularly on fourth, fifth, and sixth seg-
ments ; hairs at apices of segments shining yellowish, those on last four segments
long, coarse and abundant; first segment with dark scales and many long pale
hairs; venter dark-scaled with scattered yellowish ones, particularly towards
base.

Wings rather narrow, slightly infuscated; petiole of second marginal cell
much shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell rather shorter than its
cell; basal cross-vein distant about twice its length from anterior cross-vein;
scales of veins broadly lanceolate, the outstanding ones long and narrow ; color
dull black, with patches of light yellowish ones, the pale scales arranged in
spots as follows : Four elongate costal spots involving costal, subcostal and

ORTHOPODOMYIA PHYLLOZOA

881

first veins, nearly equidistant, the first spot about one-third the distance from
wing-base, the fourth near apex, the second the largest; a long basal line on
first vein, reaching close to first costal spot; second vein with a spot at base
of fork and at apex of each branch ; a spot on second, third, and fourth veins
below second costal spot ; fourth vein with a spot at base of fork and at apex of
each branch ; fifth vein with a spot at base of fork, another on the upper branch
and at its apex ; sixth vein with an apical spot ; fringe unspotted. Halteres
pale yellowish, the knobs with a few similarly colored scales.

Legs long, rather slender; vestiture black, marked with ocherous yellow and
white; tibia? with numerous large yellow spots, giving a banded effect; femora
with ocherous-yellow scales predominating; knees whitish scaled; first tarsals
of all the legs with a few irregular spots of yellowish scales; fore tarsi without
distinct rings ; mid tarsi with bases and apices of first and second joints silver-
white ringed, third joint white at base, fourth and fifth dorsally white ; hind
tarsi witb apex of first joint broadly white-ringed, second with base broadly
and apex more narrowly white-ringed, apex, base and apex of third, base of
fourth and all of fifth joints silvery-white. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body 3 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, rather slender, slightly dilated towards tip; vesti-
ture black, labella? silvery, a patch of yellowish scales close to apex and a yellow
ring before the middle. Palpi somewhat shorter than the proboscis, very
slender, uniform, a few long setae at apex; vestiture dull black with some
scattered pale scales; long joint with yellow rings at base and middle, silvery-
white scaled at its apex, the succeeding joint silver-scaled at apex. Antenna;
plumose, the last two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others
short, pale, with black rings at insertions of hair-whorls ; hairs of whorls long,
moderately abundant, brown with yellow silky luster. Coloration as in the
female. Abdomen subcylindrical, slightly longer than in the female, the cilia-
tion hardly more abundant. Wings slightly narrower than in the female, the
stems of the fork-cells longer. Claw formula, 1.0-1.0-0.0.

Genitalia (plate 35, fig. 236) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide,
conical ly tapered, with a low rounded basal lobe bearing three long stout spines ;
clasp-filament uniform, moderate, with a row of seta? on inner side and a long
articulated terminal spine. Harpes concave, inner margin revolute, tip divided
into several teeth. Unci forming a basal cylinder, the tips dentate inwardly.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 129, fig. 448). — Head rounded, broader than long,
widest in the region of the eyes. Antenna? rather long, slender, nearly uni-
form, smooth, the tuft slightly before middle, ample ; two of terminal spines
long. Dorsal head-hairs and ante-antennal tufts in long multiple tufts, all
lying in a curved transverse line. Abdomen with a large quadrate dorsal plate
on seventh segment, a long narrow one on eighth segment, reaching well down
the sides before the comb ; comb of narrow fringed scales in a double row, basal
row of many scales, posterior row of three longer ones only. Air-tube long and
slender, about eight times as long as wide, tapering outwardly and bearing a
single tuft before middle. Anal segment longer than wide, ringed by the plate;
dorsal tuft' a long hair and tuft on each side; lateral tuft small, four-haired;
ventral brush well developed, confined by the chitinous ring ; anal gills lanceo-
late, the lower pair about as long as segment, the upper pair longer.

The larva? live in the water between the leaves of Bromeliacea?. Mr. Busck
bred the type specimen from a bromeliad, Mr. Jennings met with the larva? five
times in such situations, and Mr. Picado has also bred this species from
epiphytic bromeliads.

Panama and Costa Rica.

Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama, June 25, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Fort San
Felipe, Porto Bello, Panama, January 21, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Caldera

882

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Island, Porto Bello Bay, Panama, January 24, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ;
Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama, August 11, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Porto Bello.
Panama, February 10, 1909 (A. H. Jennings) ; Cascajal Eiver, Panama,
February 18, 1909 (A. H. Jennings) ; Orosi, Costa Pica, 1100 meters, Novem-
ber to January (C. Picado).

ORTHOPODOMYIA FASCIPES (Coquillett).

Mansonia fascipes Coquillett, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vli, 182, 1905.

Mansonia fascipes Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 185, 1906.

Mansonia fascipes Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. No. 11, 25, 1906.

Mansonia fascipes Knab, Ent. News, xviii, 153, 1907.

Bancroftia fascipes Dyar & Knab, Ent. News, xxi, 264, 1910.

Mansonia longipalpis Newstead & Thomas, Ann. Trop. Med. & Par., iv, 145, 1910.

Mansonia fascipes Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 451, 1910.

Thomasina longipalpis Newstead & Carter, Ann. Trop. Med. & Par., iv, 555, 1911.
Bancroftia fascipes Howard, Dyar & Knab, Mosq. No. & Centr. Amer. & W. Ind.,
i, 53, 73; ii, pi. 36, fig. 239, pi. 129, fig. 447, 1913.

Original Description of Mansonia fascipes:

Distinguished by the coloring of the hind tarsi. Scales of the palpi mixed black
and yellow, those on the apex white. Scales of proboscis mixed black and yellow
and with several white ones beyond its middle, almost forming a band. Scales of
occiput light yellow, those along the sides white, the upright ones chiefly brown.
Thorax brown, its scales golden yellow. Abdomen purple-scaled, a patch of pale
yellow ones near middle of sides of each segment; venter black-scaled, front angles
of the segments whitish-scaled. Femora and tibiae black-scaled and with many
patches of light yellow ones, the under side of the hind femora and inner side of
their tibiae chiefly yellow-scaled; front and middle tarsi black-scaled, the first joint
with many small patches of yellow ones, both ends of the first three joints and the
whole of the last two, yellow-scaled; hind tarsi the same except that the third joint
is wholly yellowish-scaled; tarsal claws simple. Wings hyaline, the scales black,
yellow, and white, the latter collected into about seven spots, several narrow lateral
scales on most of the veins. Length 5 mm.

Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Four females collected by Mr. F. Knab.

Type— No 8296, TJ. S. National Museum.

Original Description of Mansonia longipalpis:

Female. Palpi long. Thorax clothed with golden ochreous scales; posterior
region black. Abdomen blackish with lateral patches of creamy-white scales. Legs
distinctly speckled; hind tibiae white with a black band. Wings with a double
dense black bar at base.

Length 4-4.5 mm. Length of detached wing 5 mm.

Head scales. Upright forked, black; narrow curved, pale ochreous with golden
reflections; flat, creamy white.

Palpi. A little more than one-third the length of the proboscis; tips clothed with
white scales; the remaining scales mixed creamy white, pale ochreous and blackish.

Proboscis with an incomplete central band of creamy-white scales; the scales on
the ventral surface of the pale area black, those on the remaining portion of the
proboscis blackish with pale ochreous ones intermixed.

Thorax with golden ochreous scales intermixed with a few black ones in front;
those over the insertion of the wings very long and whitish; region in front of the
scutellum semi-nude, blackish-brown with a well defined median group of black
scales; pleurae clothed with flat (some almost spindle-shaped) creamy white scales.

Abdomen. Blackish with a few creamy-white scales at the base of the segments;
and lateral sub-triangular patches of creamy-white. Apical margins of all the seg-
ments with a fringe of very long golden brown hairs.

Legs black or brownish-black; conspicuously speckled with bright ochreous
yellow; last segment of the anterior tarsi with an inconspicuous band of dull
ochreous; mid tarsi: apex of 2nd, basal two-thirds and apex of third, and the whole
of the 4th and 5th ochreous white; hind tarsi: apex of 2nd, the whole of the 3rd,
base and apex of the 4th and the whole of the 5th ochreous white.

Wings densely clothed with blackish and creamy white scales; the former pre-
dominating; base of costa, sub-costa, and first longitudinal vein, black. Fringe
smoky-grey. Outstanding scales more than twice the length of the broad spathuli-
form ones, and considerably longer than those in Mansonia titillans.

The distinguishing features of this insect are the abnormally long palpi, the
colour of the hind tarsi and the great length of the outstanding scales of the wing.

ORTHOPODOMYIA FASCIPES

883

It is a large and very characteristically marked insect, and may from the character
of the palpi form the type of a new genus.

Habitat: — Four females, all taken at a large residence at the pumping station
standing at a considerable elevation and surrounded by woods and swamps. It is
one of the coolest spots in the immediate neighbourhood of Manaos. They were all
taken between the hours of 5 and 5.30 p. m. during the month of August, 1906 and
1907.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Orthopodomyia fascipes:

Female. — Proboscis straight, long, slender, slightly swollen towards tip;
vestiture of black semi-erect scales, a few yellowish scales intermixed, two-
thirds from base a white patch on upper surface and a fringe of pale scales at
base of labellae. Palpi slender, nearly one-third the length of the proboscis ;
vestiture of blackish scales with a few yellowish ones intermixed, apices light
silver-gray scaled. Antennae filiform, long and slender, the joints subequai,
black, white-ringed at base; hairs of whorls sparse and rather short; tori
small, closely approximated, piceous, covered with small broad whitish scales.
Clypeus prominent, rather narrow, rounded in front, impressed at tbe sides,
piceous, priiinose, nude. Eyes separated by a narrow crest of whitish scales.
Occiput broadly clothed in the middle with pale yellowish recumbent and semi-
erect narrow scales, those along ocular margins whitish ; there are four patches
of erect black scales and an abundance of evenly distributed, dark, erect forked
scales ; sides of head clothed with broad, flat, dull white scales, a small patch of
black ones above at ocular margin ; bristles along margins of eyes coarse, black,
a pair of long pale ones projecting forward at vertex.

Prothoracic lobes well separated, rather small but prominent, contiguous
with back of head, densely clothed with ovate, semi-erect yellowish-white scales
and bearing a few coarse, black, very long setae. Mesonotum blackish, rather
densely clothed with large, narrow, curved golden-brown scales; antescutellar
space bare, a triangular patch of blackish scales medianly in front of it; a small
bare space basally at either side of antescutellar space; a small bare spot
medianly on sides of disk ; a short stripe of long semi-erect white scales at either
side of antescutellar space, indistinct median and sublateral stripes and lateral
patches of irregular dull whitish scales, giving an irregularly mottled appear-
ance; setae coarse and moderately long. Scutcllum clothed with long narrow
white scales, each lobe with a group of coarse and moderately long, brown setae.
Postnotum prominent, elongate, nude, with a fine median ridge, deep brown,
anterior angles pale. Pleurae and coxae piceous, clothed with elliptical flat
yellowish-white scales and with rather coarse, dark setae.

Abdomen rather stout, subcylindrical, blunt at apex; cerci slender and promi-
nent; dorsal vestiture of blackish scales and scattered dull yellowish scales,
mostly at apical margins of segments, with large irregular lateral patches of
white scales medianly on each segment; first segment short, clothed with
blackish scales and with many fine brown hairs ; venter with the basal segments
white scaled, the succeeding ones dark scaled with white basal bands.

Wings rather narrow, membrane smoky-tinged particularly on anterior por-
tion ; second marginal cell about twice as long as its petiole ; base of second
posterior cell in line with second marginal cell; basal cross- vein very close to
anterior cross-vein; veins clothed mostly with very broad subtruncate scales,
dull blackish with a few yellowish ones intermixed and with patches of whitish
scales arranged as follows : A costal spot at extreme base of wing and a trans-
verse white patch a short distance beyond, extending across all the veins; on first
vein two white patches near each other, about one-third from wing-base; about
two-thirds from base a yellow costal patch involving first vein and preceded
and followed by a mottling of yellow scales; at apex of wing a whitish patch
involving first and upper branch of second vein ; bases of second marginal and

884

MOSQUITOES OP NORTH AMERICA

second posterior cells with a white patch ; at cross- veins a transverse bar of
white extending across the second, third, fourth, and upper branch of fifth
veins ; fifth vein with a large white patch at base of fork. Halteres pale, with
dark, minutely scaled knobs.

Legs long and rather slender; vestiture black with numerous ocher-yellow
irregular spots and fascia? on femora, tibiae and first tarsal joints; hind femora
basally pale beneath and on inner side ; front and middle femora with a yellow-
ish ring towards apices; knees broadly yellow; tips of front and middle tibia?
yellow ; front tarsi with base of first and tip of second joints narrowly yellow,
and all of third, fourth and fifth joints dorsally yellow ; middle tarsi with bases
and apices of first, second and third, and all of fourth and fifth segments yellow-
white with a silver luster ; hind tarsi with apex of second and all of third and
fifth segments brilliant yellowish-white, the fourth broadly black-ringed in the
middle ; femora with scales erect at apices, giving an effect of tufting, most dis-
tinct on middle pair. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body 4.5 to 5 mm. ; wing 4.5 to 5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis long and moderately slender, straight, somewhat swollen
towards tip ; vestiture of black and scattered ochraceous scales, base of labella?
with shining whitish scales. Palpi long, nearly attaining tip of proboscis,
straight, very slender, but slightly enlarged towards tips ; terminal segment
small and slender; vestiture ocher-yellow and black intermixed, the black scales
predominating on terminal segments, the yellow ones on long joint; tips of
segments narrowly white scaled and the long segment with a median white
ring. Antenna? sparsely plumose, long and rather stout, ringed, slightly longer
than the proboscis, the segments nearly cylindrical and unusually elongate for a
male mosquito, white with broad black rings; last two segments slender and
very long; hairs of whorls long, black; tori rather small but prominent, black,
covered with whitish scales. Front of head above antenna? transversely pro-
tuberant, bright yellow with two small brown spots. Clypeus prominent,
narrow, conical, dark brown, apex pale. Coloration similar to the female.
Abdomen more elongate than in the female, subcylindrical, depressed ; dorsally
with a double series of basal segmental dull yellowish triangular patches ; apical
segments with short, sparse and rather coarse lateral ciliation. Wings narrower
than those of the female, vestiture the same, the stems of the fork-cells longer.
Legs longer than those of the female. Claw formula, 1.0-1.0-0.0.

Length : Body 4.5 to 5.5 mm. ; wing 4 to 5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 36, fig. 239) : Side-pieces over twice as long as broad, uni-
form, tips rounded; a large rounded basal lobe bearing three stout spines and
two long seta? besides a coating of small hairs. Clasp-filament long and slender,
slightly enlarged at base, a long articulated subterminal spine. Harpes
elliptical concave, margins revolute, apex bearing three teeth. Harpagones
wanting. Unci plate-like, with curled tips.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 129, fig. 447). — Head rounded, subquadrate, nearly
straight on the sides, front margin broadly arcuate. Antenna? moderate, cylin-
drical, swollen near base and tapering outwardly, smooth ; a large tuft at basal
third ; at tip two rather long spines, two short ones and a digit on a pedicel. Men-
tal plate triangular, with a large central tooth and ten on each side, three basal
ones large and distant. Mandible quadrangular; two large filaments and a
small one before tip; an outer row of cilia from a collar; a row of small fila-
ments along outer margin ; dentition of four small teeth on a slender process ;
a long serrate filament and row of stout hairs within, a long tooth at base;
process below slender, furcate, lower limb much the longer, a tuft of hair at
tip of each limb and a row along front margin ; basal angle small ; two hairs
within and four at base. Maxilla elongate, conical, divided by a suture ; inner

ORTHOPODOMYIA FASCIPES

885

half with long stout hairs along margin and two straight rows of cilia within ;
a tuft of hairs at tip continued along the suture; outer half with a small fila-
ment next the suture and a long subapical spine; palpus long and slender,
nearly as long as maxilla, with four slender digits. Thorax rounded, wider
than long; hairs abundant. Abdomen rather slender, the anterior segments
shorter; a dorsal chitinous plate on sixth segment; a very large one on the
seventh segment covering the dorsum and extending well down the sides; a
plate on eighth segment, excavated before air-tube and extending down the
sides before comb. Tube moderate, slightly tapered, more than three times as
long as wide ; no pecten, but a large tuft before middle. Lateral comb of eighth
segment a double row of long scales ; single scale elliptical at base, fringed with
small spinules, tip expanded into a smooth elliptical appendix. Anal segment
about as long as wide, ringed by the plate ; dorsal tuft a long hair and brush
on each side; a single lateral hair; ventral brush well developed, dense, con-
fined to barred area ; anal gills long, the upper pair over twice as long as seg-
ment, the lower pair shorter, bluntly tapered.

Adults of both sexes were taken by Mr. Knab at Rio Aranjuez near Punta-
renas, Costa Eica, September 13, 1905. His notes say :

" Pathway to Las Loras. In a place where there were some very large trees
and the ground covered with herbage and low shrubbery. Upon low bushes
a couple of male Megarhinns were discovered and easily captured. A search
for breeding-places was without success. In this search some mosquitoes were
disturbed from their hiding-place, a crevice in the trunk of a large tree. They
alighted upon the bark close by and were easily captured. About ten feet up
was a hollow which had recently contained water. The females had greatly
distended abdomens."

Mr. F. W. Urich captured specimens in Trinidad, British West Indies, and
afterward obtained the larvae in water in open bamboo-joints. He says :

u The predominating colour of these larva? is red ; when young the pigment is
pale on the dorsal anterior half of each segment of thorax and abdomen and
gets lighter, until a white ring is formed at the joint with the next segment,
thus giving the larva a red and white ringed appearance. This coloration is
maintained right through all stages of the larva. At each change of skin the
red color gets more intense, until the mature larva has a rather dark appearance.
The pupa also has a reddish tint showing through the brown coloration. The
larva? live in bamboo joints, the water in which teems with infusoria, small
worms and other micro-organisms. It would appear as if this fauna is essential
to their well-being, for if isolated too young they die or do not mature well.
The larval period seems to take a long time."

Mr. Jennings twice obtained the larvae in bamboo-traps.

In every case our larvae were taken in open bamboo joints, but Mr. Knab
captured his adults where there was no bamboo in the vicinity, so it is probable
that the larva.1 also inhabit water in tree-holes. They feed upon small organisms
or organic matter contained in the water. The adults pass the dry season
hiding in crevices in the bark. They rest upon the trunks of trees, where their
mottled colors and spotted wings render them very inconspicuous. The eggs
have not been observed, nor the mating habits of the adults. None of our
correspondents report having been bitten by this species. It probably attacks
only at night and in the forest.

Tropical America, in forested regions.

Rio Aranjuez, Costa Rica, September 13, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Tabernilla, Canal
Zone, Panama, July 24, August 14, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Omai, British
Guiana (K. S. Wise) ; St. Anns Valley, Trinidad, November 18, 1905 (F. W.
Urich). Reported also from Manaos, Brazil (Newstead & Thomas).

886

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Orthopodomyia fascipes was described in the wrong genus, the author having
been deceived by the shape of the wing-scales. This error led to much confusion,
to which we have already referred under our discussion of the genus. Newstead
and Thomas redescribed the species, also as a Mansonia, evidently being un-
acquainted with Coquillett's description published five years earlier. Later
Newstead and Carter needlessly established the genus Thomasina for this
species.

Our specimens show great variation in the tarsal ornamentation. Some speci-
mens have the last three tarsal joints of all the legs wholly yellowish white scaled
and the preceding joints more extensively pale scaled. Others show more or
less extensive black rings or spottings on the third joint of front and middle
tarsi ; where these joints are heavily marked with black, the fourth joint of the
hind tarsi usually bears a black median ring ; the extreme is reached in speci-
mens which have in addition a narrow black subapical ring on the third joint
of the hind tarsi. The irregular spottings of the legs are also subject to con-
siderable variation. On the front and middle tarsi the markings on the distal
joints are usually somewhat obscured by a submetallic luster. There seems to be
little tendency to the formation of local races, as our small series from different
localities show much the same range of variation.

ORTHOPODOMYIA PERSEPHASSA (Dyar & Knab).

Bancroftia persephassa Pazos (non desc), Anal. Acad. Cien. med., fis. y nat. de la

Habana, xlv, 431, 1908.
Bancroftia persephassa Dyar & Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., lii, 254, 1909.
Bancroftia persephassa Pazos, San. y Benef., ii, 46, 187, 1909.

Original Description of Bancroftia persephassa:

Female. — Proboscis black-scaled, a white ring at the middle. Thorax clothed with
narrow golden scales, with a subdorsal narrow bare line on either side, the sides
of the disk dark except for a patch of golden scales over the root of the wing. Abdo-
men subcylindrical, truncate at tip, black-scaled above with yellowish white lateral
basal segmental spots, venter black, with narrow white basal bands. Wings hyaline,
the scales dusky black, the outstanding ones broad, obliquely subtruncate at the tip.
Legs black-scaled, the femora with the apices yellowish white and a ring of this
color at the apical third; tibia? similarly marked; tarsi of the hind legs ringed with
white at both ends of the joints, the last joint black at the tip; front and mid tarsi
with the markings similar, but obsolete on the last three joints. Length, 3.5 mm.

One specimen, San Antonio de los Bafios, Cuba (J. H. Pazos).

Type no. 12118, U. S. N. M.

Description of Female of Orthopodomyia persephassa (Male and Larva Un-
known):

Female. — Proboscis moderately long and slender, uniform; vestiture black,
a broad white ring beyond middle ; setse minute, curved, black, those on labellse
more prominently outstanding and pale yellowish. Palpi short, about one-fifth
the length of the proboscis, black-scaled, tips white scaled, with rather numerous
black bristles and shorter cilia. Clypeus rounded triangular, prominent,
black, nude. Antenna? filiform, moderate, the joints subequal, rugose, pilose,
black ; hairs of whorls sparse, moderate, black ; tori small, subspherical, with a
cup-shaped apical excavation, brownish luteous, a large patch of yellowish
scales on inner side. Eyes black. Occiput dark brown, clothed with narrow,
curved golden-yellow scales, margin of eyes and lower part of sides with flat
whitish scales ; many erect forked black scales on the nape, a broad median area
on vertex with very broad, erect, golden yellow ones ; bristles along margins of
eyes coarse and long, brown, a tuft of long yellow ones prejocting forward
between the eyes.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, small but prominent, clothed
with broad whitish scales and black bristles. Mesonotum deep brown, with two
narrow, bare longitudinal stripes medianly on anterior half and a broad one

ORTHOPODOMYIA SIGNIFER

887

on each side of antescutellar space extending from base to well beyond middle ;
vestiture of rather coarse, narrow, curved golden-yellow scales, forming three
broad stripes on anterior part of disk and becoming fused before and about
antescutellar space ; a short stripe of golden scales over roots of wings ; lateral
margins and anterior angles with golden scales; bristles long, coarse, abundant,
black with bronzy luster. Scutellum trilobate, with a patch of very narrow
pale golden scales on mid lobe, each lobe with a group of coarse brown
bristles. Postnotuin elliptical, prominent, dark brown, slightly pruinose, nude.
Pleurae luteous brown spotted with black, with patches of large elliptical
creamy- white scales and rows of brown bristles ; coxaa similar, without the black
markings.

Abdomen subcylindrical, blunt at tip ; dorsal vestiture of black scales, laterally
with large, subquadrate, basal segmental white spots ; first segment black scaled,
with many fine, long pale hairs ; venter yellowish scaled, with broad apical
segmental black bands ; apices of segments with coarse yellow hairs.

Wings rather broad, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell two-fifths the
length of cell, that of second posterior shorter than its cell; basal cross-vein
more than its own length distant from anterior cross-vein; scales of veins
brownish-black, large, broad and dense, covering most of the membrane, the
outstanding ones broad, obliquely subtruncate, more or less overlapping.

Legs rather long, moderately slender; vestiture black with white rings;
femora with a white ring at apical third ; knees white-scaled ; fore tibiae with a
white spot before apical third; mid and hind tibiae with a white ring before
apical third; tips of tibiae broadly white; front and mid tarsi narrowly white
marked at bases and apices of first and second joints, third and fourth joints
marked at base only, fifth entirely black-scaled ; hind tarsi more broadly white
ringed on both ends of all the joints but the last, which is narrowly white at base
only. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 3.5 mm. ; wing 3.2 mm.

Life history and habits unknown.

Cuba.

San Antonio de los Banos (J. H. Pazos).

Only the single type specimen has been collected.

ORTHOPODOMYIA SIGNIFER (Coquillett).

Culex signifer Coquillett, Can. Ent., xxviii, 43, 1896.
Culex signifer Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 268, 1900.
Culex signifer Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Circ. 40, 6, 1900.
Culex signifer Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. 25, n. s., 20, 1900.
Stegomyia signifer Theobald, Mon. Culic., i, 322, 1901.
Stegomyia signifer Howard, Mosquitoes, 155, 1901.
Stegomyia signifera Howard, Mosquitoes, 236, 1901.
Stegomyia signifera Smith, Ent. News, xiii, 299, pi. xiii, f. 1, 1902.
Stegomyia (?) signifer Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 379, 1902.
Culex signifer Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xi, 26, 1903.
Stegomyia signifer Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., vi, 238, 1903.
Culex signifer Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 171, 38, 1904.
Culex signifer Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 255, 1905.
Stegomyia signifer Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 338, 391d, 1904.
Stegomyia signifera Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 258, 1905.
Pneumaculex signifer Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 46, 1905.
Pneumaculex signifer Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xiii, 54, 108, 1905.
Pneumaculex signifer Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 490, 1905.
Culex (?) signifer Ludlow, Med. Record, N. Y., lxix, 97, 1906.
Mansonia signifer Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 185, 1906.
Pneumaculex signifer Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. No. 11, 26,
1906.

Pneumaculex signifer Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circ. 72, 3, 1906.
Mansonia signifer Knab, Ent. News, xviii, 153, 1907.
Mansonia signifer Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxii, 128, 1907.

888

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Pneumaculex signifer Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 524, 1907.

Culex (pneumaculex) signifer Viereck, 1st Ann. Rept. Comm. Health Pa., 470, 1908.

Bancroftia signifer Thibault, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xii, 20, 1910.

Pneumaculex signifer Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 469, 1910.

Aedes signifer Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 719, 1910.

Bancroftia signifer Howard, Dyar & Knab, Mosq. No. & Centr. Amer. & W. Ind., i, 120,

143, 151, 154; ii, pi. 36, fig. 238, pis. 80, 81, pi. 145, fig. 669, pi. 149, fig. 707,

1913.

Original Description of Culex signifer:

% Head velvet black, its tomentum silvery-white, the pile black; antennae, pro-
boscis and palpi black, their tomentum mixed brown and silvery-white, that on
apices of palpi wholly silvery. Thorax velvety brownish-black, marked on the
anterior half with two silvery-white subdorsal vittas, and with a silvery white
arcuate lateral line extending the entire length of the thorax; pleura marked with
several spots of silvery-white tomentum; scutellum with two spots of similar
tomentum on the upper side and one at the tip. Abdomen black, its tomentum
violaceous, that at base of each segment white. Legs brown, femora largely yellow-
ish, the tomentum mixed brown and silvery-white, that at apices of tibiae pure white,
each end of tarsal joints white, most extended on the hind tarsi; tarsal claws desti-
tute of teeth on the under side. Wings hyaline, veins yellowish, the scales mixed
brown and white; length, 4.8 mm.

District of Columbia. A single specimen, captured by the writer in June.

Near fasciatus, Fabr., but the lateral silvery line on the thorax is not strongly
bent inward at the middle, and the tarsal claws are not toothed.

Description of Female, Male, Larva, Pupa, and Egg of Orthopodomyia signifer:

Female. — Proboscis straight, rather long, slightly enlarged at tip, clothed
with bronzy-black suberect scales with many milky white ones dorsally tend-
ing to form longitudinal striae. Palpi elongate, more than one-thiid the
length of the proboscis, slender, very slightly enlarged at apex; terminal seg-
ments with scattered long seta?; vestiture of deep brown scales with a heavy
sprinkling of white ones, apices silver scaled. Antenna? filiform, rather long,
the joints subequal, coarsely ciliate, second to fifth with a row of white scales
along inner side ; hairs of whorls sparse, moderate, brown ; tori rather small,
dark brown, with an oblique ridge of erect white scales. Clypeus short, convex,
broad at base, conical, blackish-brown, nude. Eyes separated by a narrow
ridge of white scales. Occiput blackish-brown with recumbent, narrow curved
white scales and with numerous long, very slender, erect, forked deep brown
ones ; ocular margins and cheeks silvery- white scales ; bristles along margins of
eyes long and coarse, black, some longer black ones projecting between the eyes.

Prothoracic lobes small, well separated, prominent, contiguous with head ; an
oblique row of white scales crosses them and they bear a number of very coarse
and long black bristles. Mesonotum very deep brown, thinly clothed with
minute, narrow, curved, bright reddish-brown scales and with six very narrow
longitudinal lines of larger and broader white scales ; two of these lines are
subdorsal and extend over anterior three-fourths of mesonotum ; two are sub-
marginal and extend the entire length of mesonotum; midway between the
subdorsal and the submarginal stripes are short stripes extending from the
middle to a point opposite the anterior angles of the antescutellar space, at
which point they are slightly interrupted, and converging posteriorly, continued
by longer suberect white scales, continuing over the scutellum where some
very long white scales stand out behind more than the entire length of the
scutellum; hairs abundant, coarse and very long, black. Scutellum large,
median lobe prominent and broadly rounded; besides the two lines of white
scales above mentioned there are patches of white scales at the outer angles;
three groups of coarse long brown setae. Postnotum prominent, elongate, with
a small median longitudinal ridge, brown, slightly pruinose, nude. Pleura? and
coxa? deep brown and luteous, clothed in part with broad white scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, slightly enlarged at middle, apex blunt; cerci
slender, protruding; dorsal vestiture dull black, with basal triangular patches

ORTHOPODOMYIA SIGNIFER

889

of white scales on lateral margins of segments ; second segment with a median
basal triangular white patch ; first segment white scaled and with many long,
fine pale hairs ; venter white scaled, with apical segmental black bands becom-
ing successively broader towards tip ; lateral cilia and those on hind margins
of segments coarse and rather long, black.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; scales of veins large and abundant, clavate, partly
narrow and partly broad ; color of scales mostly dusky brown, white scales in-
termixed ; bases of first and auxiliary vein heavily white scaled for a short dis-
tance; sixth vein white scaled from base nearly to its middle; a white transverse
patch in the region of the cross-veins extending across second, third, and fourth
veins and upper branch of fifth ; second marginal cell long, nearly twice as long
as its petiole ; base of second posterior cell in line with base of second marginal
cell ; basal cross-vein about its own length behind anterior cross- vein. Halteres
pale, the knobs large and with white scales.

Legs long and rather slender ; vestiture dark-brown and white ; femora and
tibiae with scattered white scales ; knees and the apices of middle and hind tibire
white; middle and hind tarsi white marked; on the middle tarsi the base and
apex of the first joint and the base of the second are narrowly white ringed ;
hind tarsi with fifth segment entirely white above, the others white at bases and
apices, very broadly on first segment, narrowest on fourth segment. Claw
formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body 3.5 to 4 mm. ; wing 3.5 to 4.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, moderately long, rather stout, thickened towards
apex. Palpi long and very slender, straight, slightly exceeding the proboscis
in length, end of long joint and the following joint somewhat thickened and
with scattered moderately long bristles, densest about apex; vestiture dull
brown with numerous white scales intermixed, tending to form longitudinal
lines on long joint, a white ring at base of following joint. Antennas densely
plumose, rather long, last two joints long and slender, the others short, but
longer than usual in males, stout, subcylindrical, white with broad dark rings
at insertions of hair-whorls; hairs of whorls rather long, with a yellow-
brown silky luster; tori large, black, shining, with an oblique crest of white
scales above. Abdomen long, depressed, dorsal vestiture mostly of dusky black
scales ; second segment with basal two-thirds white scaled ; third segment
broadly white banded at base; succeeding segments with large lateral basal
patches which are joined by a basal band of dirty-whitish scales ; venter mostly
dull white scaled ; lateral ciliation coarse, moderately long and abundant,
irregular, brown. Wings narrower than those of female, venation and vestiture
nearly the same ; the white patch near middle of wing less conspicuous than in
the female, sometimes almost obsolete. Claw formula, 1.0-1.0-0.0.

Length : Body 3 to 4 mm. ; wing 3 to 3.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 36, fig. 238) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, tips
conically tapered ; a large rounded basal lobe bearing three stout spines besides
a covering of short hairs. Clasp-filament long and slender, slightly enlarged
basally and apically, bearing a terminally inserted, distally broadened spine.
Harpes concave, elliptical ; margins, especially at tip, revolute, a crown of three
spines at'apex. Harpagones wanting. Unci plate-like, revolute, tips narrow
and curved.

Larva, Stage IV (see the figures of the entire larva, stages III and IV, plates
80 and 81). — Head rounded subquadrate, nearly straight on the sides, front
margin broadly arcuate. Antenna? moderate, subcylindrical, swollen at base,
distinctly tapering, sharply narrowed at basal third at origin of tuft, which is
of about six feathered hairs ; shaft smooth ; two longer terminal hairs, two
short ones, and a small digit. Eyes small, rounded. Both pairs of dorsal head-
tufts multiple and long; ante-antennal tuft multiple but short. Mental plate
57

890

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

rather acutely triangular, central tooth prominent and stout ; eight teeth on each
side, first five small and crowded, last three large and remote. Mandible
quadrangular, produced in the direction of the dentition, nearly smooth with-
out; two long, smooth filaments near apex; an outer row of cilia; a row of long
sparse cilia on outer edge arising from shingle-like ridges ; dentition of three
long spine-like teeth, nearly separate, sessile, with a group of filamentous spines
at base and setae within ; process below oblique, a round lump near tip bearing
seta? ; two seta? within, nearly in line with the subapical cilia ; four long hairs
at base. Maxilla elongate ellipsoidal, truncate at base, divided by a band-shaped
suture ; inner half hairy ; a crown of hairs at tip with some feathered ones ;
outer half with two digits on one side and a spine on the other ; palpus twice as
long as wide, with four digits of different lengths rather well developed.
Thorax rounded, wider than long ; hairs abundant, the long single ones much
longer than width of thorax; subdorsal prothoracic tufts multiple. Abdomen
rather slender, anterior segments shorter; lateral tufts of first two segments
multiple, very short; a very long lateral hair on third to sixth segments and a
shorter one on seventh ; long subdorsal hairs on fourth and fifth segments and
shorter ones on sixth ; a small dorsal chitinous plate on sixth segment ; a very
large one on seventh segment covering most of dorsal aspect. ; a transverse plate
on eighth segment, excavated before the air-tube. Tracheal tubes narrow,
flexuous, expanded into large bladders in posterior half of thorax. Air-tube
small, slightly tapered, about three and a half times as long as wide ; no pecten,
but a large tuft before middle. Lateral comb of eighth segment a double row
of long bars, anterior row of twenty-two scales in a straight line, diminishing
to minute ones at lower end, posterior row of six much larger scales; single
scale of anterior row with a long tip, feathered down the sides ; of posterior row
much stouter, produced into a bar, the feathering at base only. Anal segment
about as long as wide, obliquely terminated, ringed by the plate; dorsal tuft a
long hair and brush on each side; a single lateral hair; ventral brush well
developed, confined to barred area ; anal gills short, about as long as segment,
broad, tapered to a point.

Pupa (plate 149, fig. 707). — Cephalothoracic mass ovate, with small tufts an-
teriorly on the dorsum; air-tubes slender, slightly notched at tip. Abdomen
moderate, hair-tufts numerous but not long; a small multiple tuft on apical
angles of eighth segment; anal paddles elongate-ovate, with a minute multiple
tuft at tip.

Egg (plate 145, fig. 669). — Subcylindrical, the ends bluntly rounded, very
slightly tapered toward one end ; color black ; sculpture of longitudinally elon-
gated hexagons; egg covered with a gelatinous membrane which overlaps con-
siderably on either side and forms a means of attachment, this overlapping
portion with many transverse ridges.

The eggs are laid singly, on their sides, close to the water-line on the side of the
cavity containing the water. This is normally a hole in the trunk of a tree,
though water barrels and similar receptacles are occasionally made use of. Dr.
Dyar had some water, taken from a tree-hole, standing in the laboratory in a
glass vessel. Apparently during the night eggs were deposited on the glass at
the edge of the water-film by a mosquito that had entered the room. These
eggs were placed vertically in twos, threes, or singly, attached by their sides,
each covered with a wrinkled, veil-like membrane. They hatched in three days
and the larva? descended into the water. The first larval stages were rapidly
passed, but the development as a whole was not rapid. The larva? pupated and
emerged normally. Several broods no doubt succeed each other through the
year. The winter is apparently passed in hibernation as mature larva. Mr.
Busck brought larva? from St. Louis, Missouri, that he had collected late in the
season in a water barrel. The specimens did not pupate while kept in the

ORTHOPODOMYIA WAVERLEYI

891

laboratory and were apparently hibernating. All were devoured by a Mega-
rhinus that was with them, so the experiment was incomplete. The adults have
been taken about the grounds of the Department of Agriculture in Washington,
District of Columbia, resting on the trunks of trees, where their gray mottled
color renders them inconspicuous. We have no records of the species biting.
There are no observations on the mating habits.

Atlantic United States from New Jersey southward and westward to the
Mississippi Valley.

New Brunswick, New Jersey (J. B. Smith) ; Washington, District of Co-
lumbia (Coquillett, Barber, Warner, Dyar) ; Woodstock and Bluemont, Vir-
ginia, July 27, 1906 (F. C. Pratt) ; St. Elmo, Virginia (F. C. Pratt) ;
Plummer's Island, Maryland (D. H. Clemons) ; Cabin John, Maryland,
October, 1908 (F. Knab) ; Columbia, South Carolina, August 1, 1906 (A. C.
Moore) ; Atlanta, Georgia (W. B. Summerall) ; 2 miles west of St. Louis,
Missouri, October, 1902 (A. Busck) ; Scott, Pulaski County, Arkansas, August
24, 1909 (J. K. Thibault, Jr.) ; Fort Sill, Indian Territory (through C. S.
Ludlow) ; Dallas, Texas, April 17, 1906 (F. C. Pratt). Eeported also from
California (C. S. Ludlow).

Orthopodomyia signifer bears a superficial resemblance to A'edes calopus,
which has caused it to be placed in the genus Stegomyia; it is, however, struc-
turally very distinct. We quote the California locality cited by Dr. Ludlow with
doubt, as no other specimens have been received or reported from west of the
Plains.

ORTHOPODOMYIA WAVERLEYI (Grabham).

Mansonia waverleyi Grabham, Can. Ent., xxxix, 25, 1907.
Pneumaculex waverleyi Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 619, 1910.

Bancroftia waverleyi Howard, Dyar & Knab, Mosq. No. & Centr. Amer. & V/. Ind., ii,
pi. 35, fig. 237, pi. 129, fig. 449, 1913.

Original Description of Mansonia waverleyi:

Close to M. signifer, Coq., but with an additional curved line of white scales on
each side of the mesothorax. This line is usually somewhat broken. I am likewise
indebted to Dr. Dyar for examining the larva; and adults of this species; he writes
that the larvae also differ in the arrangement of the abdominal plates. The larvae
were collected from thick coffee-like water found in hollow mango trees at Waverley
Estate, Constant Spring, Jamaica. They are grayish-white in colour, and appear to
be peculiarly inactive, lying at the bottom of the jar for long intervals. The pupa
stage lasted five days. Length of adult 5.5 mm.

Description of Male and Larva of Orthopodomyia waverleyi (Female Unknown) :
Male. — Proboscis straight, rather long, somewhat enlarged towards tip, vesti-
ture very deep brown with irregular white scales at the sides forming rough
lines ; labellae silver gray. Palpi very nearly as long as the proboscis, slender
and straight, the apex of the long joint and the succeeding joint very slightly
thickened; vestiture deep brown, with a sprinkling of white scales; a pale ring
near middle of long joint and base of succeeding joint ringed with silver white ;
tips of palpi silver-white scaled; distal segments and apex of long joint with
scattered coarse black bristles. Antennas densely plumose; last two joints long
and slender, the others short but longer than usual in males, stout, subequal,
white, with dark rings at insertion of hair-whorls ; second segment with out-
standing white scales; hairs of whorls long, with yellow-brown silky luster;
tori dark brown and with a line of white scales. Clypeus large and prominent,
subconical. Occiput with white, lanceolate, curved, recumbent and semi-erect
scales and with numerous long black erect forked scales scattered over the
entire surface; ocular margins brilliant white; bristles along margins of eyes
coarse, black.

Prothoracic lobes lateral, prominent, contiguous with head, and with a num-
ber of very coarse and long black bristles; an oblique row of white scales cross-
ing them. Mesonotum deep brown, very thinly clothed with minute curved

892

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

blackish scales and with six very narrow rows of larger, narrowly lanceolate,
brilliant white scales, almost identical in arrangement with those of Orthopo-
domyia signifer; two of the rows are subdorsal and extend over the anterior three-
fourths of mesonotum; two are submarginal and extend the entire length of
the mesonotum; halfway between the subdorsal and submarginal stripes are
short stripes extending from middle of mesonotum to a point opposite anterior
angles of antescutellar space; halfway between the posterior ends of the two
pairs of discal stripes begins a pair of posteriorly converging lines of long sub-
erect white scales, continued over the scutellum where some very long white
scales extend out behind more than the entire length of the scutellum ; bristles
coarse and long, black. Scutellum large, median lobe prominent and broadly
rounded, with three groups of long black seta?; beside the two lines of white
scales above described there are patches of white scales on the outer lobes. Post-
notum prominent, elliptical, with indication of a median ridge, nude, brown.
Pleurae and coxae dark brown and luteous, clothed with elliptical white scales
and with dark setae.

Abdomen subcylindrical; dorsal vestiture dull-black; anterior angles of seg-
ments broadly white scaled ; first segment mostly dull-white scaled ; venter
dark scaled ; lateral cilia and those on hind margins of segments long and rather
coarse, but scattered, pale brown.

Wings rather narrow, hyaline ; scales of veins broadly clavate, mostly dusky
brown, with some white ones intermixed, these latter showing a tendency to
form groups and patches ; a white patch in the region of the cross-veins, extend-
ing over second, third, and fourth veins and upper branch of fifth ; at the base
the first vein is heavily white scaled for a short distance ; sixth vein white scaled
on its basal half ; there are no narrow scales like those present in 0. signifer;
second marginal cell long, about twice as long as its petiole; posterior cross-
vein more than its own length behind anterior cross-vein. Halteres large, pale,
with white scales on the knobs.

Legs long and rather slender; vestiture blackish-brown marked with white;
femora and tibiae with scattered white scales; knees narrowly and apices of
middle and hind tibiae silver-white scaled; anterior tarsi unicolorous, middle
and posterior ones white marked; middle tarsi with first segment rather nar-
rowly ringed with white at base and apex and with scattered white scales, second
segment with a few white scales dorsally at base and apex ; hind tarsi with first
and 6econd segments broadly white ringed at bases and apices, third with
narrow rings at base and apex; fourth and fifth segments with small silver-
white dorsal patches of scales at bases and apices. Claw formula, 1.0-1.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 3 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Genitalia (plate 35, fig. 237) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide,
conically tapered, with a low rounded basal lobe bearing three long stout setae ;
clasp-filament moderate uniform, smooth, with an articulated terminal claw.
Harpes concave, inner margin revolute and thickened, tip dentate. Unci
forming a basal cylinder, tips inwardly dentate.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 129, fig. 449). — Head elliptical, longer than wide,
rounded, not widened through eyes ; antennae moderate, subcylindrical, smooth,
the tuft before the middle ; both pairs of dorsal head-hairs multiple and long,
ante-antennal tufts multiple but shorter, tufts set nearly in a transverse line.
Abdomen with a dorsal plate on seventh segment and a large one on eighth,
reaching well down towards venter. Lateral comb of eighth segment of long
scales in two rows, overlapping ; scales in distal row few and much longer than
in proximal row ; single scale with body fringed, tip drawn out as long as body
of spine. Air-tube about three times as long as wide, tapered on outer half, a
single tuft before middle arising from a slight notch. Anal segment a little
longer than wide, ringed by the plate ; dorsal tuft a long hair and tuft on each
side ; lateral hairs single, small ; ventral brush short but dense, confined to
barred area; anal gills very short, rounded, upper pair twice as long as lower.

AEDEOMYIA

893

Dr. Grabham found the larva? in a hollow tree.
Jamaica.

Waverley Estate, September 1, 1906 (M. Grabham).

The drawing of larval details has been made from alcoholic larvae sent by Dr.
Grabham; they are in immature condition, the abdominal plates not having
fully developed. It is probable that in fully mature larvae they are the same as
in the larva of Orthopodomyia signifer, to which this species is very closely allied.

Genus AEDEOMYIA Theobald.

Aedes Lynch Arribalzaga (not Meigen), El Nat. Argent., i, 151, 1878.

Aedes Lynch Arribalzaga (not Meigen), Rev. Mus. de La Plata, i, 375, ii, 161, 1891.

Aedeomyia Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., iv, 235, 1901 (without species).

Aedeomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 218, 1901.

Mdomyia Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 475, 478, 1902.

Aedeomyia Neveu-Lemaire (in part), M6ni. Soc. Zool. France, xv, 222, 1902.

Aedeomyia Neveu-Lemaire, C. R. Soc. Biol. Paris, liv, 1331, 1902.

Aedeomyia Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 54, 1904.

Aedeomyia Lahille, Actas y Trab. 2 Congr. Med. Latino-Amer., ii, 18, 1904.

Aedeomyia Blanchard (in part), Les Moustiques, 403, 1905.

Aedeomyia Theobald (in part), Gen. Ins., Dipt., 26 fasc, 34, 35, 1905.

Aedeomyia Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech. Ser. 11, 16, 1906.

JEdeomyia Dyar & Knab, Can. Ent. xxxix, 48, 1907.

JEdeomyia Autran, Anal. Dep. Nac. Hig., xiv, 28, 1907.

Aedeomyia Peryassu (in part), Os Culicid. do Brazil, 36, 249, 1908.

Aedomyia Williston, Man. No. Am. Dipt, 3 ed., 107, 1908.

Aedeomyia Leicester, Stud. Inst. Med. Res., Fed. Malay Sts., iii, pt. 3, 180, 181, 1908.
Aedeomyia Pazos, San. y Benef., ii, 40, 43, 1909.
Aedeomyia Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, v, 486, 1910.

The type species of Aedeomyia Theobald is Aedes squamipennis Lynch
Arribalzaga.

Generic Diagnosis of Adult:

Head short, closely applied to the thorax. Proboscis rather short and stout.
Palpi short in both sexes. Antenna? in the female with the joints although sub-
cylindrical, short and stout, with basal whorls of few rather coarse hairs, the
ciliation coarse and abundant; in the male plumose, the joints short and stout
towards the base, progressively more elongate and slender towards the apex, the
last two joints much thickened and not markedly longer than the preceding ones,
all but the last two somewhat thickened at insertions of hair-whorls, the hairs long
and abundant. Prothoracic lobes remote dorsally. Mesothorax rather short. Scu-
tellum not trilobate. Postnotum nude. Abdomen subcylindrical, truncate at the
tip in the female, slightly expanded at the apex in the male. Wings broad, the veins
on anterior half of wing well separated; second marginal cell very long, about one
third the length of wing; base of second posterior cell nearer base of wing than
second marginal cell; cross-veins well separated. Legs moderate, the femora and
tibiae rather short, the claws simple in the female.

Generic Diagnosis of Labva:

Head large, transverse, bulging at the eyes; antenna? large, curved, greatly dilated,
with ample tuft near middle and long terminal seta?; mouth-brushes ample, normal.
Air-tube rather small, without pecten, with a single pair of hair-tufts near middle;
a pair of stout spines and small tufts apically. Anal segment elongate, ringed by
the plate. Ventral brush a series of long, unbranched feathered hairs, confined to
barred area.

Tropical regions of both hemispheres.

Three species besides the present one have been referred to this genus, but of
one, Aedeomyia americana Neveu-Lemaire, we are sure that it does not belong
here, being probably a Culex, while the other, Aedes venustipes Skuse, was re-
ferred here by Theobald doubtfully, without having seen a specimen. The
third species, A. catasiicta Knab, is correctly referred to the genus.

Larval history and habits. The larva? of two species are known in this genus,
those of Aedeomyia squamipennis and A. catasiicta, the former from the
American tropics, the latter from the tropics of the Old World. The two larvas

894

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

are very similar in appearance and habits. They occur in shallow permanent
water associated with the aquatic plant Pistia, from which they probably derive
their supply of air, although then habits have not been exactly determined.
They occur associated with the larva? of Mansonia and in the Old World also
Mansonioides. The imagos are attracted to artificial light in the vicinity of
their breeding-places and they sometimes occur in houses.
Only one species of this genus occurs in our fauna.

AEDEOMYIA SQUAMIPENNIS (Lynch Arribalzaga) Theobald.
Aedes squamipennis Lynch Arribalzaga, El Nat. Argent., i, 151, 1878.
Aedes squamipennis Lynch Arribalzaga, Rev. del Mus. de La Plata, ii, 162, 1891.
Mdes squamipennis Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mcsq., 347, 1900.
Aedeomyia squammipenna Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic., ii, 219, 1901.
Mdomyia squamepennis Giles (in part), Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 478, 1902.
Aedeomyia squammipenna Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, iii, 307, 1903.
Aedeomyia squamipennis Blanchard (in part), Les Moustiques, 404, 1905.
Aedeomyia squamipennis Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech. Ser. 11, 25,
1906.

Aedeomyia squamipennis Autran, Anal. Dep. Nac. Hig., xiv, 28, 1907.
Aedeomyia squamipennis Peryassu, Os Culicid. do Brazil, 50, 249, 1908.
Aedeomyia squamipennis Pazos, San. y Ben., ii, 48, 425, 1909.
Aedeomyia squammipenna Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, v, 487, 1910.
Aedeomyia squamipennis Brethes, Bol. Inst. Ent. y de Patol. Veget., i, 37, 1912.
Aedeomyia squamipennis Knab, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xv, 41, 1913.

Original Description of Aedes squamipennis:

Nigricans; thorace cinereo-fusco squamato; pedibus palpisque albo annulatis;
alls obscure-alboque variegatis. Long. 4 1 [2-5 mm.]. (Mas et fern.)

Hembra — Cabeza con la f rente y vertex cubiertos de escamillas pardo-agrisadas;
ojos pardo-rojos bordeados en su parte posterior por un filete plateado poco notable;
la parte posterior de la cabeza gris sedosa con dos 6 tres puntitos negros detras de
cado ojo. — Antenas negruzcas con el extremo de cada articulo de color gris ceniciento
claro. — Palpos negros con vello gris; el extremo del ultimo articulo de este ultimo
color. — Trompa negra con un anillo bianco puro en su medio y otro un poco antes
de la punta, la cual es cenicienta clara.

Torax con el dorso cubierto de escamillas pardo-grises. — Escudete ceniciento. —
Los costados del coselete son pardos de pes con escamitas grises. — Muslos anteriores
blanquecinos, pero muy cubiertos de escamas negras y anillados a trechos por
escamas blancas; tibias del primer par negruzcas y anilladas de bianco en su arista
externa, palidas y sin anillos en la interna. — El extremo y la base de las tibias
negros, con la rodilla blanca. — Tarsos negros anillados de bianco.

Las patas del segundo par, como las del primero, aunque mas largas, mas oscuras
y con dibujos mas pronunciados. — Muslos posteriores con su parte anterior oscura,
con fajitas blancas, la posterior palida desde la base hasta antes del extremo, el
cual es pardo-negro. — Base y extremo de las tibias negros; la cara interna de las
tibias blanquecina en el medio; la cara externa oscura, anillada de bianco. — Tarsos
negros anillados de bianco, con el ultimo articulo de este color. — La base de las
tibias y el extremo de los muslos parecen muy engrosados, sobre todo en los muslos
posteriores § intermediaries, a causa de un copete de pelillos escamosos que lo re-
viste por debajo y en los lados. Alas sumamento cubiertas de escamas negruzcas
de cuyo color parecen aquellas. — Una pequefla parte de la base de cada ala es
blanquecina. — Tres fajitas bianco agrisadas, compuestas de manchitas pequenas se
dirijen del horde anterior al posterior del ala; la primera se halla hacia el primer
tercio y es la mas cercana a la base, la 2a como a los dos tercios y la ultima corta el
angulo anterior del ala: sus manchas son mas separadas que en las otras; las franjas
son negruzcas, pero una pequena parte del borde posterior correspondiente a la
tercera banda de manchitas tiene franja blanca. — Abdomen negro opaco en el dorso;
el primer arco dorsal pardo con pelillos del mismo color; los tres siguientes con
una manchita cenicienta en los costados; el 5° y 6° con una mancha cenicienta de
forma angular, cuyo vertice se halla en medio del dorso de cada uno de ellos y se
dirije hacia adelante, mientras que el extremo de sus lados va a los costados; los
siguientes vestidos de escamillas del color de los demas dibujos; vientre gris claro,
sedoso.

Los machos son en casi todo iguales a las hembras, pero el color del dorso del
torax tira mas al gris-amarillento 6 gris-rojizo de zorro. — Todo lo demas es mas
oscuro en las partes negruzcas y mas puro el bianco en las otras. — Las plumas de las
antenas son negruzcas. — El dorso del abdomen no presenta dibujos; los costados de

AEDEOMYIA SQUAMIPENNIS

895

61 llevan pelillos parduzcos y escaraitas cenicientas-claras que se agrupan formando
manchitas de esporulas de moho. Vientre negruzco con vello ceniceinto y parduzco.

Esta bella especie, cuyo dibujo es bastante dificil de expresar, no es escasa aqui.
Los ejemplares que poseo los he cazado en Abril de 1878.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Aedeomyia squamipennis:

Female. — Proboscis rather short, uniform, upcurved; vestiture of blackish
scales, a broad white ring before middle and another one at apex involving
labellae, at the base a dorsal patch of yellow scales. Palpi short, about one-fourth
the length of proboscis, rather stout ; vestiture of coarse roughened scales, mostly
black, the apical ones white, at the middle a band of yellow scales and a sprin-
kling of yellow scales on the basal portion. Antennas short and rather stout;
segments short and thick, narrowed basally, deep brown, with a white basal
ring; pubescence abundant, silky white; second segment apically enlarged,
densely clothed with broad, coarse, suberect, yellow scales : hairs of whorls
short and rather sparse, black; tori rather small, globose, yellow-brown, clothed
with broad yellowish-white scales. Clypeus large and prominent, conical, light
brown, clothed with broad suberect yellow-white scales. Eyes separated by a
crest of yellowish-white scales. Occiput covered with a dense mass of yellowish-
white and black semi-erect broadly ovate scales and on the nape with a dense
mass of partly black and partly dull whitish, broadly triangular, erect scales,
their broad apical margins finely serrate ; the black erect scales massed at back of
head and large sublateral patches of ovate black scales close to ocular margins;
a quadrate white patch at vertex; sides of head behind eyes spotted black and
white ; bristles along margins of eyes fine, moderately long.

Prothoracic lobes lateral, luteous brown, clothed with dull white scales and
with many coarse black bristles. Mesonotum dark brown, densely clothed with
small broadly ovate scales, on disk with ocher-yellow scales, becoming whitish
on anterior edge; lateral margins blackish-brown scaled, narrowly in front,
broadly along posterior two-thirds ; on basal third two broad ill-defined sub-
median black stripes which become confluent with the lateral margins over roots
of wings ; basally there are also indications of a short submarginal white stripe ;
setae of mesonotum rather abundant, moderately coarse and not long. Scu-
tellum clothed with broad yellowish-white scales, a narrow line of black scales
on median lobe, the lateral lobes with apical patches of raised black scales;
setae in three groups, rather coarse and moderately long. Postnotum promi-
nent, the median ridge faintly indicated, luteous, dark at sides, nude. Pleurae
and coxse luteous-brown with blackish spots, clothed with ovate white scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, somewhat depressed, compressed towards apex,
eighth segment subtruncate; cerci slender; dorsal vestiture of broadly ovate
dull brown scales, with oblique, lateral, segmental, ill-defined dirty-white stripes
which reach margins at hind angles ; the whitish scales predominate on seventh
and eighth segments and these bear a median patch of brilliant white scales at
hind margins ; first segment dark scaled and with many fine pale hairs ; ventral
vestiture a mixture of white and black scales, the white scales predominating
at bases and apices of segments.

Wings short and broad, hyaline; vestiture along the veins so dense that very
little of ihe wing-surface remains exposed, the fringe very long; veins on
anterior part of wing well separated, so that the fourth vein crosses the wing
slightly behind the middle; second marginal cell very long, about one-third
the entire length of wing; base of second posterior cell nearer base of wing
than base of second marginal cell; basal cross-vein slightly more than its own
length from anterior cross-vein ; vestiture predominatingly of dusky-brown
scales with a mixture of white and ocher-yellow ones, the yellow scales showing
a tendency to group in patches and densest on apical portion, basal third, and
along the margins ; the white scales form two slender irreg"ular and wavy trans-

896

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

verse bands and several patches on and near apex, one of the bands crosses the
wing obliquely from the costa to the fifth vein at the basal third, the second
band about two-thirds from the base extends from the costa to upper branch
of fifth vein; a large yellow costal patch just in front of outer white band;
scales large, very broad, and obliquely subtruncate. Halteres pale, the knobs
abundantly clothed with black scales.

Legs comparatively short, femora rather stout; vestiture of dusky scales
with yellow ones intermixed and with numbers of illy defined, more or less
broken, white transverse bands on femora, and tibia?; mid and hind legs with
tufts of long black outstanding scales involving apical portion of femora and
basal portion of tibiae ; anterior tarsi with basal and median white dorsal spots on
first joint, second and third joints with white dorsal spot on basal two-thirds,
a minute white spot at base of fourth and apex of fifth joints ; middle tarsi with
bases and apices of first and second joints narrowly white marked and two white
spots mesially on first joint, third and fourth joints basally broadly white
marked, a small white spot at apex of fifth joint ; hind tarsi with the first joint
showing two white spots on median portion and another one at apex, second
joint narrowly white marked at base and apex, third joint basally white nearly
to middle, fourth joint white, the apical third black, fifth joint white and with
an apical black spot beneath. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 3 mm. ; wing 2.6 to 2.8 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, somewhat longer and more slender than in the
female; the spot at the base white instead of yellow. Palpi short and stout,
about one-fifth as long as the proboscis; vestiture of broad roughened scales,
black, the apices white, an ocher-yellow ring at middle and with scattered
ochreous scales on basal half. Antennae plumose, last two joints rather long,
thicker than the preceding ones, rugose, their ciliation long, the other joints
shorter, pale, black at insertions of hair-whorls ; hairs very long, dense, brown.
Abdomen long, subcylindrical, somewhat depressed, sixth and seventh seg-
ments expanded posteriorly; claspers not exposed; dorsum mottled with
ochreous scales, each segment with a pair of large sublateral apical spots of
white scales; first abdominal segment with dark scales on disk, broadly mar-
gined behind with whitish scales and with similar scales on front margin ;
eighth segment apically with white scales ; lateral ciliation long, abundant,
coarse and irregular, yellowish. Coloration otherwise as in the female. Wings
hardly narrower than in the female, vestiture nearly as dense. Claws long and
slender; formula, 0.0-1.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 3.5 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Genitalia (plate 38, fig. 255) : Side-pieces about twice as long as wide, tips
rounded, a small subbasal lobe more densely setose than the rest of side-piece ;
clasp-filament rather short, stout, uniform, a stout claw at tip with many fine
supplementary claws. Harpes and harpagones absent; unci forming a large
basal prominence with double rod-like base and broad rounded tip.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 129, fig. 450). — Head flattened, broad and trans-
verse, subquadrate, posterior angles rounded, sides bulging at the eyes, anterior
margin flatly arcuate. Antennas inserted in a notch, large and very stout,
strongly curved, with a large hair-tuft at the middle; tip squarely truncate,
with a stout spinose digit nearly as long as half of shaft, and three very long
stout setse; the digit has an articulated appendage at the tip; shaft minutely
spinulose, colorless, hollow, except for basal muscle, tendons attached to the
terminal digit and to central hair-tuft, and nerve fibers. Eyes narrow, strongly
transverse, with a small patch of pigment behind. Upper pair of dorsal head-
tufts in fours, lower pair small, multiple, a still smaller pair of tufts below;
ante-antennal tufts large, multiple. Oral aperture wide, all the parts exposed.
Mouth-brushes well developed, bent down over the mouth-parts. Mandible

AEDEOMYIA SQUAMIPENNIS

897

rounded quadrate, somewhat protuberant without ; a group of filaments at outer
angle ; a long curved row of filaments at outer third ; inner portion tapering
slightly, bare without, dental area much reduced, represented by four weak
slender teeth, a short trifid tooth within; a small chitinized angular process;
a row of short filaments on the side near base. Maxillae projecting from the
lower side of mouth, long, slender, conical, with median chitinized suture; an
apical row of long hairs curved over toward base ; basal half of innei side with
rows of fine hairs; a stout terminal seta; palpus small, but distinct from
maxilla, with basal chitinous ring and rudimentary terminal digits; a mem-
branous finger-shaped process arising between maxilla, and palpus, slightly
swollen outwardly, with a black line along one side. Mental plate very small,
with five teeth, the middle one the largest. Thorax flattened, rounded-quadrate,
with chitinous lines ventrally on the segments and posterior edge; a pair of
chitinous plates in front bearing small hair-tufts; bases of lateral hair-tufts
strongly chitinized and projecting, the subventral metathoracic tubercle espe-
cially conically projecting and chitinized behind ; hairs long. Abdomen with
the segments slightly widened centrally, uniform ; lateral tubercles large, with
single hairs ; venter obscurely brown-banded in the centers of the segments.
Lateral comb of eighth segment a large plate with row of long spines on its
posterior border. Air-tube small, slender, slightly tapering, about four times as
long as wide, its surface finely setose, with long, stout terminal spines and rudi-
mentary tracheae ; a single pair of long hair-tufts near the middle and a smaller
pair nearly opposite towards the dorsal aspect, a third pair at extreme apex;
pecten absent. Anal segment ringed by a chitinous band, with subdorsal series
of coarse irregular spines; distal end below obliquely excavated, for insertion of
ventral brush, which is of sparse hairs, cilia te on their posterior sides; apex
dorsally with terminal hairs ; lateral hair long and double, situated subventrally
close to ventral brush. (Anal gills probably small, absent in our specimen.)

The larva? of this species have been observed only by Mr. H. W. B. Moore of
the British Guiana Museum. He writes us as follows : " The larvae of Aedeo-
myia squamipennis live among roots of water plants, chiefly Pistia and
Silvinia, resembling those of Mansonia titillans in this respect, though they
are far from being so retiring as the latter. In a breeding-jar, for instance,
those of M. titillans will hide themselves altogether among the roots, whereas
with Ae. squamipennis a number of larvae may be seen among the roots at
various points. Their siphons and long body-hairs seem to keep them in posi-
tion. They are fond also of lying on their backs on the muck at the bottom of
the breeding-jar. Last week I timed three in this position for over two hours,
and I do not know how long previously they had been lying so. Even when they
shift their places it is seldom that they go to the surface. They generally go to
another plant or to a new place at the bottom of the jar. They can be taken
throughout the year, their breeding-places being our sweet-water canals, which
have to be kept permanent, as the water is used by the common people for
drinking and for domestic purposes generally. They are found only where
there is a good growth of aquatic vegetation, chiefly on the plants already men-
tioned. Is the adult a blood-sucker? Both male and female frequently come
into houses in Georgetown, our capital city. In fact, my notes show, as far at
least as my house is concerned, that they visit more frequently than any other
out-door or non-domestic mosquito. As regards numbers, I take as many or
more on the window-panes as of those of M. titillans, another frequent house
visitor. I have never, consciously, been bitten by Ae. squamipennis, either
indoors or out of doors, and I have always failed to get them to bite when I have
tried. Only twice have I taken a gorged female, but in each case, as far as
outward appearance went, she seemed filled with something else than blood."

898

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

The female probably does not take blood. The larva? are obviously vegetable
feeders. Their method of respiration has not been demonstrated, but as the
tracheae of the air-tube are rudimentary and the anal gills small,* it seems that
the larvae must get most of their air supply by osmosis through the body wall.
They have no means of obtaining air from the roots of the aquatic plants, such
as Mansonia larva? have. It is possible that the inflated antenna? play some
part in the respiratory process.

Tropical America, from Cuba to the Argentine.

San Antonio de los Banos, Cuba (J. H. Pazos) ; Puerto Barrios, Guatemala
( ) ; Trinidad, British West Indies, June, 1905 (A. Busck) ; New Ams-
terdam, British Guiana, May 9, 1907 (J. Aiken) ; Georgetown, British Guiana
(EL W. B. Moore) ; Trinidad Biver, Panama, March, 1912 (A. Busck) ; Gatun,
Canal Zone, Panama, December, 1912 (J. Zetek). Reported also from Brazil
(Theobald) and Argentina (Arribalzaga).

Aedeomyia squamipennis has been reported from the tropics of the Old
World, but it has been found that a different species occurs there. This form
has been described from the Philippines under the name A. catasticta, and has
been 6ince reported from various localities in the East Indies and Africa.

Genus URANOTiENIA Lynch Arribalzaga.

Aedes Osten Sacken (in part), Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, ii, 47, 1868.
Uranota'nia Lynch Arribalzaga, Rev. Mus. de La Plata, i, 375, ii, 163, 1891.
Mdes Giles (in part), Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 345, 1900.
Vranotwnia Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., iv, 235, 1901.

Uranotmnia Theobald, Liverpool School of Trop. Med., Memoir iv, app. p. xiv, 1901.

Uranotmnia Howard, Mosquitoes, 235, 1901.

TJranotcenia Theobald, Mon. Culicid., ii, 241, 1901.

Uranotmnia Neveu-Lemaire, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, xv, 226, 1902.

Uranota'nia Neveu-Lemaire, C. R. Soc. Biol. Paris, liv, 1331, 1902.

Uranotmnia Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 485, 1902.

Uranotmnia Johannsen, Bull. 68, N. Y. State Mus., 391, 392, 427, 1903.

Uranotmnia Theobald, Mon. Culicid., iii, 298, 1903.

Uranotmnia Coquillett, Rev. de Med. Tropical, iv, 102, 113, 1903.

Uranotmnia Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 265, 341, 391<J, 1904.

Uranotmnia Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 53, 1904.

Uranotmnia Lahille, Actas y Trab. 2 Congr. Med. Latino-Amer., ii, 11, 20, 1904.

Anisocheleomyia Theobald, The Entom., xxxviii, 52, 1905.

Uranotmnia Blanchard, Les Moust., 406, 1905.

Pseudouranotmnia Theobald, Journ. Econom. Biol., i, 33, 1905.

Uranotmnia Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt, 26 fasc, 36, 1905.

Uranotmnia Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 45, 49, 1905.

Uranotmnia Theobald, Mosq. or Culic. of Jamaica, 8, 1905.

Uranotmnia Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 186, 1906.

Uranotmnia Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 11, 26, 1906.

Uranotmnia Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circular 72, 3, 1906.

Uranotmnia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 556, 1907.

Anisocheleomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 556, 570, 1907.

Pseudouranotmnia Theobald, Mon. Culicid., iv, 566, 1907.

Uranotmnia Howard, Osier's Modern Medicine, i, 372, 1907.

Uranotmnia Dyar & Knab, Can. Ent, xxxix, 48, 1907.

Uranotmnia Autran, Anal. Dep. Nac Hig., xiv, 29, 1907.

Uranotmnia Williston, Man. No. Am. Dipt., 3 ed., 107, 1908.

Uranotmnia Peryassu, Os Culicid. do Brazil, 37, 1908.

Uranotmnia Leicester, Stud. Inst. Med. Res., Fed. Malay Sts., iii, pt. 3, 180, 203, 1908.
Uranotmnia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 497, 498, 1910.
Pseudouranotmnia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 497, 524, 1910.
Anisocheleomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 497, 527, 1910.

Pseudoficalbia Theobald, Union South Afr. Dept. Agr., First Rept. Vet. Res., 272, 1911
(nomen nudum).

Pseudoficalbia Theobald, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., xv, 89, 1912.
Uranotmnia Edwards, Bull. Ent. Res., iii, 37, 1912.

* See description and figures of the larva of Aedeomyia catasticta by F. W. Edwards in Bull.
Ent. Research, vol. 3, p. 379 (1912).

URANOTiENIA

899

The type species are: Of Uranotcenia Arribalzaga, Uranotcenia pulcherrima
Arribalzaga; of Pseudouranotcenia Theobald, Pseudouranotcvnia rowlandii
Theobald; of Anisocheleomyia Theobald, Anisocheleomyia nivipes Theobald
(by present designation), and of Pseudoficalbiu Theobald, Pseudoficalbia
pandani Theobald.

Generic Diagnosis of Adult:

Palpi short in both sexes. AntennEe slender in the female, the joints subequal,
the hairs of the whorls moderate and sparse; usually plumose in the male, the last
two joints long, the others shorter, somewhat thickened at the insertions of the
hair whorls, each with a smaller secondary subapical whorl. Clypeus nude. Pro-
thoracic lobes remote dorsally, prominent. Bristles of mesonotum well developed.
Scutellum weakly trilobate, the middle lobe large. Postnotum nude. Abdomen
subcylindrical, broadly truncate at the tip in the female. Wings with the second
marginal cell usually short; second posterior cell also short; anterior and basal
cross-veins well separated. Claws simple in both sexes; the claws of the mid-legs
modified in the male, one of them very large, the other minute or absent.

Generic Diagnosis of Larva:

Head elongate, usually with the two pairs of dorsal hairs single, strongly thick-
ened and spine-like; antennae small and stout; clypeus prominent; mouth-brushes
rather small. Air-tube rather long with basal pecten and single pair of hair-tufts.
Lateral comb of the eighth segment attached to margin of a chitinous plate. Anal
segment ringed by a chitinous plate, with ventral brush of few but long hairs in-
serted on a small barred area.

America, exclusive of the boreal regions; also widely distributed in the
warmer parts of the old world.

Uranotcenia is a somewhat generalized group, although showing specialization
in a number of details, such as the wing venation with its small forks of the
second and fourth veins, the short palpi of both sexes and the ornamentation
of brilliant scales. The reduced forks of the second and fourth veins suggest
relationship with Megarhinus and this finds further support in the presence,
in the wings of both genera, of a characteristic heavily chitinized strip behind
the fifth vein; furthermore, there is in Uranotcenia a distinct thickening in
the axillary cell representing the more strongly differentiated rudimentary
seventh vein of Megarhinus. The larva in its general appearance during life
suggests Anopheles, and this is enhanced by the correspondence in the elongate
head, prominent clypeus, similarity of mouth parts and other details. We are
disposed to consider these larval resemblances as indicative of relationship,
rather than as separately evolved. The closing mechanism in the breathing
tube of the larva is of a distinctly primitive type, when compared with such
forms as Culex and A'edes, and this again suggests the relationships just indi-
cated. Further indication of relationship between Anopheles and Uranotamia
is found in the structure of the male genitalia, the harpes being absent in both
groups. It is therefore clear that the reduction of the palpi of the imago, as
elsewhere in the Culicidae, has no deep significance and is not indicative of re-
lationship. In fact, we believe that in the genus Bironella, founded on a single
male from New Guinea (Theobald, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungar., iii, 69, 1905) and
generally referred to the " Anophelina " but agreeing with Uranotcenia and
Megarhinus in the reduced forks of the second and fourth veins, we have a
transition form between Uranotamia, Megarhinus and Anopheles. In this form
the male palpi are rather long and clavate. The female is unknown, but will
probably prove to have short palpi and thus be intermediate in this respect
also. Finally it may be noted that the reduction of the forks of veins 2 and 4,
on which the genus Uranotcenia largely rests, is not equally pronounced in all
species, in fact weakly expressed in some; it is well marked in all the forms
examined by us except in U. anhydor.

900

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Lahille, in 1904, established a subfamily, Uranotaenina, for Uranotcenia
(Actas y Trabajos 2 Congr. Med. Latino-Amer., ii, 11, 20) and this has been
adopted by Coquillett (1906), Peryassii (1908) and Theobald (1910).

The species being of no economic interest and of small size, comparatively
little general attention and valuation have been given to what may be called a
rather well-marked group.

The eggs are subcylindrical and laid in boat-shaped masses which float on the
surface of the water ; the single eggs are placed upright, as in Culex. The larvas
live generally in ground-pools of a more or less permanent character, in swamps
or in the grassy edges of lakes. In Java and the Seychelle Islands the larva? of
certain species inhabit the liquid in the leaf -cups of Nepenthes. The larvae,
owing to the shape and coloration of the head and to their position in the water,
show a resemblance to those of Anopheles, and are occasionally mistaken for
such by inexperienced observers. There is no close resemblance, for the larvae
are not surface feeders, but lie horizontally in the water below the surface. We
have no information about the habits of the adults.

Tables of the Species,
adults, structuee, and colobation.

1. Legs with the tarsi all black 2

Legs marked with white, the last joint of hind tarsi white 4

2. Mesonotum without median blue line anhydor Dyar (pp. 926, 1041)

Mesonotum with median blue line 3

3. Blue line extending the whole length of mesonotum

sapphirinus Osten Sacken (p. 901)
Blue line ending at antescutellar area socialis Theobald (p. 905)

4. Mesonotum with a median blue stripe ending at antescutellar area

pulcherrima Lynch Arribalzaga (p. 908)
Mesonotum not so marked 5

5. Mesonotum with a blue spot before antescutellar area 6

Mesonotum without blue ornamentation on median line 7

6. Hind legs with last two joints and tip of third white

geometrica Theobald (p. 918)
Hind tarsi with last joint white, the fourth black in the middle

pulcherrima, variety apiealis Theobald (p. 908)

7. Thorax with a white lateral line 8

Thorax without such marking 9

8. Abdomen with apical segmental white patches; thorax white-marked before

calosomata Dyar & Knab (p. 922)
Abdomen with basal segmental bands; thorax without white anterior marks

basalis Howard, Dyar & Knab (p. 917)

9. Abdomen without white lateral spots typhlosomata Dyar & Knab (p. 924)

Abdomen with lateral spots 10

10. Knees white-marked lowii Theobald (p. 911)

Knees not white-marked continentalis Dyar & Knab (p. 914)

The following species is not included as the adult is unknown : coatzacoalcos
Dyar & Knab.

ADULTS, MALE GENITALIA.

1. Clasp-filament with many terminal claws lowii Theobald (p. 913)

Clasp-filament with a single terminal claw 2

2. False harpagones forming a group of closely placed subequal teeth 3

False harpagones with separated plates or rods 5

3. False harpagones with fine teeth typhlosomata Dyar & Knab (p. 926)

False harpagones with large, coarse teeth 4

4. Clasp-filament nearly as long as the side piece. . . . geometrica Theobald (p. 921)
Clasp-filament shorter than the side piece sapphirinus Osten Sacken (p. 903)

5. Erect plate of false harpagones broad, furcate at tip. . socialis Theobald (p. 907)
Erect plate of false harpagones slender, rod-like, widely branched 6

6. Outer plate of false harpagones small, basal

basalis Howard, Dyar & Knab (p. 918)
Outer plate of false harpagones recurved, forming a large loop

calosomata Dyar & Knab (p. 924)
Outer plate of false harpagones a stout recurved loop

pulcherrima Lynch Arribalzaga (p. 910)

TJRANOTiENIA SAPPHIRINUS

901

The following are not included in the table, as we possess no male specimens :
continentalis Dyar & Knab, and coatzacoalcos Dyar & Knab, while of anhydor
Dyar the genitalia have not been microscopically prepared.

LARViE.

1. Dorsal head-hairs not developed into spines, the upper pair multiple

anhydor Dyar (p. 927)

Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs developed into thick spines 2

2. Antennae glabrous geometrica Theobald (p. 921)

Antenna? more or less strongly spiculate 3

Lateral plate of the eighth segment with five large teeth

pulcherrima Lynch Arribalzaga (p. 910)

3. Lateral plate of the eighth segment with six to nine teeth 4

Lateral plate with about twelve teeth 7

4. Antenna? with many coarse spines sapphirinus Osten Sacken (p. 903)

Antenna? with few coarse spines 5

5. Pecten teeth of the tube with a wide transparent fringe on one side

lowii Theobald (p. 913)

Pecten teeth of the tube narrowly fringed on both sides 6

6. Upper lateral head-hair long, single coatzacoalcos Dyar & Knab (p. 916)

Upper lateral head-hair short, double. . . . basalis Howard, Dyar & Knab (p. 918)

7. Antenna? with few coarse spicules typhlosomata Dyar & Knab (p. 926)

Antenna? with many minute spicules calosomata Dyar & Knab (p. 924)

The following species is not included in the table, as our specimen is im-
perfect : continentalis Dyar & Knab. We have also omitted socialis Theobald,
as our single larva is imperfect.

URANOTANIA SAPPHIRINUS (Osten Sacken) Lynch Arribalzaga.

Aedes sapphirinus Osten Sacken, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, ii, 47, 1868.
Uranotwnia saphirinus Lynch Arribalzaga, Rev. Mus. de La Plata, ii, 164, 1891.
Aedes sapphirinus Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent, Bull. 4, n. s., 24, 1896.
Aedes sapphirinus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Circular 40, 8, 1900.
Aedes sapphirinus Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. 25, n. s., 22, 47, 1900.
Mdes saphirinus Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 354. 1900.
Uranotania saphirina Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 249, 1901.
Uranotwnia sapphirina Howard, Mosquitoes, 236, 1901.
Uranotania sapphirinia Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, ix, 179, 1901.
Uranotwnia sapphirinia Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 49, 1902.
Uranotwnia saphirina Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 492, 1902.
Uranotwnia sapphirinia Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 145, 1903.
Uranotwnia sapphirina Johannsen, Bull. 68, N. Y. State Mus., 427, 1903.
Uranotwnia sapphirinia, Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 342, 391e, 1904.
Uranotwnia sapphirinia Smith. N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Rept. Mosq., 337, 1905.
Uranotwnia sapphirinia Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 407, 1905.
Uranotwnia sapphirinia Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 447, 493, 1905.
Uranotania. sapphirina Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 187, 1906.
Uranotwnia sapphirina Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 26, 1906.
Uranotwnia saphirina Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 557, 1907.

Euratoneus sapphyrrina Viereck, 1st Ann. Rept. Comm. Health Pa., 471, 1908.
Uranotwnia sappliirina Pazos, Anal. Acad. Cien. m6d., flsc y nat. Habana, xlv, 427,
1908.

Uranotwnia saphirinus Pazos, San. y Benef., ii, 49, 551, 1909.
Uranotwnia sapphirina Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 502, 1910.
Uranotania sapphirina Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 721, 1910.
Uranotwnia sapphirina Thibault, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xii, 16, 1910.

Origin at/Description of Aedes sapphirinus:

^5. — Fuscus; fronte, thoracis linea media et pleurarum strigis cyaneo-micanti-
bus; pedibus nigris; coxis, femorumque basi pallida; femorum tibiarumque extremo
apice superne niveis. Long. corp. 0.13. Long. al. 0.12 of an inch.

Front blackish, with a metallic-blue reflection along the eyes, especially in the
middle; antennae blackish, scapus tawny; those of the male apparently 15-jointed
(13 + 2); flagellum with 12 beautifully bearded joints; a thirteenth, elongated,
linear joint has some scattered hairs, but no beard like the preceding ones. Pro-
boscis long, reaching in the male, if bent backwards, to about the middle of the
abdomen; rather conspicuously incrassated at the tip; perhaps still longer in the

902

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

female (the abdomen of my female specimen is somewhat injured). Thorax brown-
ish-tawny, darker above, paler on the pleurae; a metallic blue longitudinal line
along the middle of the thorax reaches the scutellum; three similar marks on the
pleurae, the upper of which is in the shape of a short line running from the base of
the wing towards the head. Abdomen brownish above, paler below; knob of the
halteres brown, stem pale. Feet brownish, paler at the base; a snow-white dot on
the upper side of the tip of the femora and of the tibiae; when looked at very
obliquely these white dots appear slightly pale bluish, and the tibiae and tarsi
likewise show a faint bluish reflection. Wings clothed with brown scales, but
showing, in an oblique light, numerous blue reflections especially a stripe near the
basis, between the third and fourth longitudinal veins. (Washington, D. C; Brook-
lyn, N. Y., by Mr. Brevoort.)

Observation. — In my female specimen the scales are somewhat rubbed off on the
feet, which for this reason appear pale-tawny; still the white dots are distinctly
visible.

Description of Female, Male, Larva, and Pupa of Uranot^nia sapphirinus:

Female.- — Proboscis rather long and slender, much dilated at apex, with
numerous fine cilia; vestiture of black scales. Palpi very short and stout,
clavate, clothed with black scales and with scattered long black bristles. An-
tennae long and slender, the joints subequal, rugose, brown, with long and coarse
ciliation ; second joint slightly thickened ; hairs of whorls rather long, sparse ;
tori globose, with an apical excavation, ocherous with a dark-brown spot on inner
side. Clypeus large, convex, broadly conical, constricted at base, brown. Eyes
narrowed above, not contiguous. Occiput covered with broad flat recumbent
scales, broadly metallic violet-blue in front and at the sides, posteriorly black
and brown; bristles along margins of eyes coarse, long, black, directed forward.

Prothoracic lobes well separated, large and prominent, contiguous with the
head, covered with broad, flat, metallic violet-blue scales, and with a few coarse
black bristles. Mesonotum rich yellow-brown with a dark median longitudinal
stripe; clothed rather sparsely with mimite hair-like bronzy brown scales, a
median line of broad, flat, brilliant metallic blue scales extends the entire length
of the mesonotum and is continued by a broader patch on the scutellum ; there
are marginal stripes of brilliant blue scales beginning about one-third from the
anterior angles and terminating at roots of wings ; bristles coarse and long,
black, in subdorsal and lateral series. Scutellum with the median lobe very
large, broadly rounded, the lateral angles prominent ; lateral lobes clothed with
outstanding, clavate, dark brown scales, middle lobe brilliant blue scaled;
each lobe with a few coarse long setae. Postnotum yellow-brown, large and
broad, nude. Pleurae brownish yellow with a large patch of broad, brilliant
metallic blue scales at the middle, coxa? luteous ; pleural bristles coarse, brown.

Abdomen subcylindrical, depressed, broad, nearly parallel sided, apex trun-
cate; dorsal vestiture of dusky scales with greenish-blue iridescence in some
lights; third, fifth, and sixth segments with a median apical patch of dirty-
white scales, that on fifth very broad ; fifth and sixth segments with hind angles
white marked ; ventral vestiture of dirty whitish scales ; distal segments with
scattered fine pale cilia ; marginal cilia of segments sparse, coarse, long at sides,
pale.

Wings rather broad, hyaline ; second marginal cell small, about one-third
as long as its petiole ; second posterior cell longer, but shorter than its petiole ;
basal cross-vein more than its own length from anterior cross-vein; scales of
veins small, broadly truncate, brown ; fifth vein with basal half broadly clothed
with broad brilliant metallic pale blue scales, much larger than the brown
scales ; a short patch of similar scales at root of first vein ; second, third, fourth
and upper branch of fifth veins with large, outstanding lanceolate scales, very
pale on all but basal two-thirds of second vein ; fringe broad. Halteres whitish,
knobs dark and clothed with dusky scales.

TJRANOTiENIA SAPPHIRINTJS

903

Legs slender and rather long; vestiture dusky black, bronzy brown in some
lights; knees brilliant white scaled; apices of femora with a patch of white
scales. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 3 mm. ; wing 2.8 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, long, and slender, apical portion greatly swollen
and with many stiff setae ; vestiture of dusky brown scales. Palpi very short
and stout, clavate, nearly hidden by the clypeus, clothed with dusky brown
scales. Antennas densely plumose and rather long, in consequence the whorls
far apart ; joints subequal, cylindrical ; hairs of whorls long, halfway between
the large whorls a whorl of very short hairs; tori rather large, dark brown.
Coloration as in the female. Abdomen somewhat longer than in the female,
subcylindrical, broadened somewhat through fi fth, sixth and seventh segments ;
lateral ciliation moderately abundant, rather coarse, long, pale, irregular.
Wings much narrower than those of the female ; vestiture about the same ; stems
of fork-cells longer, the anterior and basal cross-veins more closely approxi-
mated. Mid tarsi with a single, very large and broad, simple claw. Claw
formula, 0.0-0-0.0.

Length : Body about 2 to 2.5 mm. ; wing 2.2 to 2.6 mm.

Genitalia (plate 38, fig. 252) : Side-pieces very short, rounded, about twice
as long as wide or less, basal lobe broad and low, clothed with many hairs ;
clasp-filament expanded before middle, constricted just before tip, bearing a
small terminal articulated claw. False harpes lamellate, revolute, bearing a
row of teeth within; false harpagones represented by a long, stout smooth
process which is twice curved; unci forming a central cone with divided tip.
No basal appendages.

Larva, Stage IV (see figure of entire larva, plate 83). — Head elongate,
longer than wide, bulging at sides, front margin with a median emargination,
limited on each side by a sharp spinose process projecting over clypeal spines,
a deep notch at insertion of antennae. Antennae small, subcylindrical, stout,
thickened at base, spined on one side, a single small hair at basal third ; four
unequal terminal spines, a pedicel with one large and one small digit. Eyes
moderate, pointed. Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs very stout and thick, single ;
a pair of two-haired tufts below ; ante-antennal tuft of four hairs, remote from
antennae. Mental plate rounded triangular, apical tooth round, short; six teeth
on each side, the last three small, merely rounded irregularities. Mandible
quadrangular, the area below dentition squarely exserted ; four filaments before
tip, two large, two smaller, with a dense group of hairs before collar ; cilia at
edges supplanted by filaments ; dentition heavy, of two sets of teeth on a process,
rounded, the first longest in each group ; second group with two very large round
teeth before and smaller ones at base, a broad serrate filament within ; exsertions
with hair-tufts at tip; three long serrate filaments and a row of stout hairs
within. Maxilla hemispherical, divided by a suture, hairy, outer half less
densely so ; a group of serrate filaments at apex on suture ; two jointed filaments
near middle of outer half; palpus small, with six digits of different lengths.
Thorax subquadrate, wider than long ; hairs abundant, the subdorsal tufts of
mesothorax and metathorax short and stellate; subdorsal prothoracic tufts
multiple. Abdomen moderate, anterior segments shorter; lateral tufts of first
two segments long, in fours, nearly obsolete on the other segments; secondary
hairs with two distinct subdorsal and sublateral series of stellate tufts. Tracheal
tubes narrow, flexuous. Air-tube slender, straight, about five times as long as
wide, a moderate multiple tuft near middle, beyond pecten ; pecten of short
evenly spaced teeth, the separate teeth flat scales, deeply serrate and with base
widened on one side. Lateral comb of eighth segment a row of teeth on distal
edge of a large transverse chitinous plate; single teeth conical and spine-like.

904

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Anal segment slightly longer than wide, ringed by the plate which has a row of
spines along posterior margin ; dorsal tuft of three hairs on each side ; a small
lateral tuft; ventral brush rather small but well developed, confined to barred
area ; anal gills short, about as long as anal segment, tapered.

Pupa (plate 150, fig. 711). — Cephalothoracic mass subpyriform, tufts above
eyes large; air-tubes very long, slender, cylindrical, not expanded. Abdomen
moderate, hairs well developed, especially the subdorsal ones on posterior seg-
ments ; small tufts at posterior angles of eighth segment ; anal paddles elongate
ovate with finely serrulate margin and minute single terminal spine.

Dr. Dyar has published the following observations on the developmental
stages :

" The eggs form a boat-shaped mass floating on the surface of the water,
much as in Culex pungens, but the mass is smaller, containing a less number
of eggs and is less regularly elliptical, more angular. It floats less on the sur-
face, the middle eggs being nearly half submerged. The sculpture and color
of the individual eggs also are different. The newly hatched larva at once
takes up the usual feeding position. This is essentially as in Culex, but the
body is held more flatly, more parallel to the surface, yet below the surface film.
Consequently, though feeding as Culex, the larvae resemble Anopheles at a
casual glance and were several times at first mistaken for them. The larvae are
fond of resting below the leaves of the Lemna, where they remain with the air
tube penetrating the surface film and feed, often with a rotary motion of the
body on the air tube as an axis. Occasionally they bend up to feed at the surface.
They are not timid and often a considerable commotion of the water is neces-
sary to send them to the bottom. The head may be partly rotated on the neck,
but the habit is not so completely developed nor so frequent as in Anopheles,
which regularly feeds with the head inverted. It has an elongate, dark brown
head with a contrasting pale body, the hairs of the anterior abdominal seg-
ments markedly longer than those of the succeeding ones. Of the local species
(at Bellport), it most suggests the species of Anopheles, as above noted. The
long anterior hairs assist in the deceptive appearance. There seem to be four
larval stages, the last three being essentially alike, except for the successively
larger size. This is shown best by the head, as in Lepidopterous larvae. The
head gradually becomes paler, being black in the young larva and brown in the
large ones. The pupa resembles that of Culex, but is very small and has un-
usually long air tubes. The species seems to breed continuously all summer,
preferring warm stagnant pools of some size, containing Spirogyra."

To this Professor Smith of New Jersey adds the following:
" At Lahaway I found the egg boats near the shallow edge of a large fish
pond and the larvae among the vegetation along the shallow edge of a. lily pond
in late June. Mr. Grossbeck found larvae in Cadwalader Park, Trenton,
August 5th; Mr. Brehme found it at Metedeconk, September 23d, and at
Irvington, September 15th. Mr. Brakeley has found single specimens at differ-
ent periods during the summer. It is what he calls a local breeder, being found
in about the same places each year and always in permanent bodies of water."

Dr. Hiram Byrd has bred this species from larvas found in a small stream in
the city, at Jacksonville, Florida.

Eastern United States, from New Hampshire to the Gulf of Mexico, Florida
and Cuba.

Center Harbor, New Hampshire, July 27, 30, 1902 (H. G. Dyar) ; Dublin,
New Hampshire, August, 1909 (H. G. Dyar) ; Ithaca, New York, August 8,
19, 1901, October 2, 1902 (O. A. Johannsen) ; Bellport, New York, September

URANOTiENIA SOCIALIS

905

2, 1901 (H. G. Dyar) ; Lakeland, Maryland (F. Knab) ; Plummets Island,
Maryland, September 16, 1906 (F. Knab) ; Washington, District of Columbia,
September 8, 1901 (J. Kotinsky) ; Agricultural College, Mississippi, Septem-
ber 11, 1905 (W. V. Reed) ; Scott, Pulaski County, Arkansas, August 24, 1909
(J. K. Thibault, Jr.) ; Jacksonville, Florida, March 23, 1905 (Dyar & Cau-
dell) ; Jacksonville, Florida, July 2, 1906 (H. Byrd) ; San Antonio de los
Bahos, Cuba (J. H. Pazos). Also reported from Brooklyn, New York (Osten
Sacken), New Jersey (J. B. Smith) and Baton Rouge, Louisiana (J. W.
Dupree).

URANOTJENIA SOCIALIS Theobald.

Uranotwnia socialis Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 340, 1901.

Uranotwnia socialis Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 494, 1902.

Uranotwnia socialis Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 411, 1905.

Uranotwnia socialis Theobald, Mosq. or Culic. of Jamaica, 35, 1905.

Uranotwnia socialis Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 493, 1905.

Uranotwnia socialis Grabham, Can. Ent., xxxvii, 403, 1905.

Uranotwnia socialis Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 187, 1906.

Uranotwnia coquilletti Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 186, 187, 1906.

Uranotwnia socialis Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 26, 1906.

Uranotwnia socialis Pazos, San. y Ben., ii, 49, 552, 1909.

Uranotwnia socialis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 502, 1910.

Original Description of Uranot^enia socialis:

Thorax deep chestnut-brown, with a metallic mauve median line ending at the
bare space in front of the scutellum, a similar coloured patch in front of the root
of each wing and a small median one on the scutellum. Abdomen black, unhanded
and unspotted, but sometimes showing a pearly apical patch on the fifth or sixth
segment. Legs blackish, unhanded, but with a white knee spot and white speck
at the tip of the tibiae. Wings with a pale blue tint at the root of the fifth long vein.

J. Head dark, covered with flat black scales and flat metallic-blue ones bordering
the eyes in the middle; clypeus fawn coloured; palpi brown, very hairy; antenna?
brown with grey bands, basal joint bright testaceous; proboscis black, swollen
apically.

Thorax brown, with a yellowish and chestnut tinge, with very small bronzy-
brown scales, a median row of small flat blue scales ending before the bare space
in front of the scutellum, another long patch just in front of the roots of the wings
and some just underneath, on each side of the median blue line a row of black bristles,
also a lateral row and others at the sides; scutellum dark brown in the middle,
ochraceous at the sides, the mid lobe covered with flat blue and brown scales, the
lateral with a few black scales; metanotum bright, clear brown; pleurae pale
brown, with a small patch of blue scales; the prothoracic lobes are small but
covered with flat blue scales.

Abdomen steely-brown, covered with rather irregular black scales, venter
greyish.

Legs dark brown, the fore and mid femora swollen, coxae and venter of femora
pale, apex of femora with a snow-white spot, largest in the hind legs, apex of tibiae
with a smaller snow-white spot; ungues small, equal and simple.

Wings with brown scales except at the base of the fifth long vein, where there
is a long patch of clear blue scales, almost white in some lights; upper border of
wing, sub-costal, and first long vein densely deep brown scaled, second long vein
close to the first, its fork-cell small, its lower branch with large Taeniorhynchus-
like lateral scales, its stem passing well into the basal cell and some way past the
marginal transverse vein, third long vein with long Taeniorhynchus-like scales
along all the upper side and partly along the lower; the branches of the second
posterior cell with similar lateral scales, the second posterior cell much larger
than the first sub-marginal; posterior cross-vein considerably longer than the mid
cross-vein, about its own length distant from it.

Halteres with ochraceous stem and fuscous knob.

Length. — 2.2 mm.

3. Ornamented as in the $; antennae deep brown, with grey bands and deep
brown plume-hairs, basal joint brown; palpi deep brown; proboscis nearly black;
eyes widely separate, the frons covered with flat blackish-brown scales. Abdomen
black, the sixth segment with an apical pearly patch. Ungues of the fore legs very

58

906

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

slightly unequal, small; mid ones unequal, the larger fully developed, sickle-shaped,
simple; the hind ungues small, simple, slightly unequal.

Length. — 2 mm.

Time of capture. — March (Grabham) (11).
Habitat. — Jamaica.

Observations. — Described from a series sent by Dr. Grabham. It is very close to
U. Nataliw of Arribalzaga, but differs from it in having only one pearly abdominal
band.

The species can easily be told from the other Uranotanue of the West Indies and
South America by this character and by the unhanded legs, with the white knee
and tibial spots which sometimes show pale blue. Dr. Grabham writes: " Found in
association with Anopheles larvae in stagnant permanent pools, about the Kingston
district. I have not been able to persuade this form to feed from my finger when
placed in the netting of the breeding-jar."

Original Desceiption of Uranotvenia coquilletti:

Near socialis Theob., but differentiated by the characters given in the table. Dr.
Dupree sent the specimens to Miss Mitchell and Mr. Coquillett named them " Urano-
twnia socialis Theob." We dedicate the species to Mr. Coquillett, who has certainly
performed a vast amount of labor on a difficult subject, whatever we may think
of his results.

The following is an abstract of the table :

1. Antennae with scattered spines; longest terminal seta shorter than

antenna 2

2. Terminal seta? four 4

4. Antennae with the hair at about the basal third 5

5. Pedicellate digit double, the two forks about equal in length 6

6. Shortest spine slender, filiform; apical tooth of labial plate tri-

angularly pointed coquilletti

Desceiption of Female, Male, and Larva of Uranot^nia socialis :

Female. — Proboscis long, slender at base, apical fourth much enlarged ;
labellae large; vestiture of black scales; cilia numerous, particularly towards
apex. Palpi very short, stout, clavate; vestiture of blackish scales and with a
few very long setae at apex. Antennae long and slender, the joints subequal, with
the ciliation coarse and rather sparse, second segment longer and considerably
stouter than the succeeding one ; hairs of whorls long, sparse ; tori large, globose,
with an apical excavation, light yellow-brown. Clypeus large and prominent,
broadly subtriangular, the base constricted, brown, shining, nude. Occiput
covered with very broad recumbent scales, brown and black, the anterior margin
broadly pale metallic-blue scaled; bristles along margins of eyes black, a pair
of large pale ones projecting forward between the eyes.

Prothoracic lobes prominent, remote dorsally, covered with broad, flat, pale
metallic blue scales and with a few black bristles. Mesonotum yellow-brown
with a dark median longitudinal stripe ; vestiture of sparse, narrow curved, dark
bronzy-brown scales, a narrow median stripe of broad, pale metallic blue scales
beginning near anterior margin and extending to antescutellar space ; a short
lateral marginal stripe of pale blue scales from near middle to root of wing;
seta? rather sparse but long, in submedian and lateral series, shorter seta? at
sides of median blue stripe. Scutellum with lateral angles acute, median lobe
large, broadly rounded ; lateral and median lobes with clavate dusky-brown out-
standing scales, median lobe with a large patch of broad, flat silvery-blue scales ;
each lobe with a few long bristles. Postnotum large, convex, yellow-brown,
nude. Pleura? yellow-brown with a large median dark brown spot bearing an
elongate patch of broad, flat silvery-blue scales ; bristles coarse, black.

Abdomen subcylindrieal, somewhat depressed, truncate at tip; dorsal vesti-
ture of dusky-brown scales, in some lights black with bluish iridescence; fifth
segment with a large median triangular white patch on hind margin; ventral
vestiture of dirty yellowish-white scales with silvery luster; marginal cilia of

TJRAN0T2ENIA SOCIALIS

907

segments coarse and pale, vertral surface with scattered coarse cilia which
become abundant on distal segments.

Wings rather broad, hyaline ; second vein very closely approximated to first,
second marginal cell short, about one-fourth the length of its petiole; second
posterior cell larger but much less than its petiole in length; basal cross- vein
long, slightly less than its own length from the short anterior cross-vein ; scales
of veins dusky brown, small ; distally large, sparse, outstanding, broadly lanceo-
late pale scales along forks of second and fourth veins and along entire length of
third vein; on basal part of wing an interrupted broad stripe of broad light
silvery-blue scales, for a short distance this extends along the fourth vein, then
continues more broadly on the fifth vein, extending to about one-third its length
from base; fringe very broad. Halteres pale, with large knobs bearing some
minute dark scales.

Legs rather long and slender; vestiture dusky brown, in some lights black
with bluish iridescence ; femora pale at base beneath ; knees broadly silver-
white scaled ; apices of tibiae with a large brilliant patch of white scales. Claw
formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 2.5 mm. ; wing 2.2 mm.

Male. — Proboscis long and slender, dilated at apex; labellaa large; apical
portion with many rather coarse bristles; vestiture of dusky-brown scales.
Palpi short, stout, clavate, almost hidden by the clypeus, with a few coarse setae
and clothed with brown scales. Antennas plumose ; last two joints long, rugose,
brown, with long ciliation, the others much shorter, but still elongate and
Blender, brown with a narrow white ring ; hairs of whorls very long, a whorl of
short hairs halfway between the whorls of long hairs ; tori large, yellow-brown.
Abdomen subcylindrical, more elongate than in the female, blunt at apex, the
claspers not prominent, without distinct lateral ciliation. Wings somewhat
narrower than those of the female, hyaline; venation and vestiture similar.
Claw formula, 0.0-0-0.0.

Length : Body about 2.5 mm. ; wing 2.2 mm.

Genitalia (plate 37, fig. 249) : Side-pieces short, about twice as long as wide,
tips conically rounded; basal lobe broad, low, with fine dense seta?. Clasp-
filament moderate, swollen beyond middle, with a minute terminal claw. False
harpes rather broad, with revolute margins, tips rounded. False harpagones
divided into several portions, an inner broad plate forked at tip and several
small basal portions with recurved tips.

Larva, Stage IV. — Head rounded elliptical, widest through eyes; clypeus
rounded, protruding. Antennae small, with a single hair near the base and a few
coarse spines at tip. Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs thickened, spinose ; ante-
antennal tufts in threes. Air-tube about four times as long as wide, scarcely
tapering; pecten not reaching middle, of twelve teeth, followed by a single tuft.
Lateral plate of eighth segment large, elliptical, with eight teeth on its pos-
terior border. Anal segment ringed by the plate. Ventral brush confined by
the chitinous ring. (The single specimen is in poor condition, so that the
structure of the teeth of the tube and lateral plate can not be made out.)

Dr. Grabham found the larva? in permanent pools. He says that the larva
rests horizontally just under the surface-film. The habits are probably essen-
tially like those of Uranotcenia sapphirinus.

Antilles ; possibly also the Gulf coast of United States.

Havana, Cuba, May 14, 1902, November 10, 1903 (J. E. Taylor) ; Eock-
port, Jamaica, April, 1906 (M. Grabham) ; St. Thomas, West Indies, August,
1905 (A. Busck).

908

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

We have referred Uranotcenia coquilletti as a synonym of Uranotcenia socialis
because we do not possess any specimens of the adults, and the larval characters
on which it was founded are not reliable. The minute characters of the
structure of the antenna? of the larva? are not only inconspicuous, but partly
imaginary, depending upon the position of the preparation. It was the in-
tention of Dr. J. W. Dupree, who collected the material, that specimens should
have reached us; but after his death the intervention of other persons pre-
vented this. We have therefore no material to support the species Uranotcenia
coquilletti, and feel obliged to refer it to the synonymy, without, however, sur-
rendering the probability that the mainland form is specifically distinct from
the insular one. The receipt of further material may warrant the resurrection
of the name.

URANOTiENIA PULCHERRIMA Lynch Arribalzaga.

Uranotcenia pulcherrima Lynch Arribalzaga, Rev. Mus. de La Plata, ii, 165, 1891.

Mdes pulcherrimus Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 352, 1900.

Uranotcenia pulcherrima Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 244, 1901.

Uranotcenia pulcherrima Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 487, 490, 1902.

Uranotcenia apicalis Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 298, 1903.

Uranotcenia pulcherrima Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 303, 1903.

Uranotcenia pulcherrima Lutz in Bourroul, Mosquitos do Brasil, 65, 1904.

Uranotcenia pulcherrima Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 407, 1905.

Uranotcenia apicalis Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 411, 1905.

Uranotcenia pulcherrima Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 557, 1907.

Uranotcenia pulcherrima Autran, Anal. Dep. Nac. Hig., xiv, 30, 1907.

Uranotcenia pulcherrima Peryassti, Os Culicideos do Brazil, 52, 260, 1908.

Uranotcenia pulcherrima Newstead & Thomas, Ann. Trop. Med. & Par., iv, 147, 1910.

Uranotcenia pulcherrima Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 498, 501, 1910.

Uranotcenia apicalis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 502, 1910.

Uranotcenia pulcherrima Brethes, Bol. Inst. Ent. y de Patol. Veget, i, 43, 1912.
Original Description of Uranotcenia pulcherrima:

Testacea, abdomine fusco; capite antice, humeris, mesonoti linea media longi-
tudinali postice interrupta, ante scutellum linea transversa, ante alarum inser-
tionem linea marginali antice abbreviata metallice cyaneis. Pleuris cyaneo-macu-
latis. Alis hyalinis parce fusco-squamulatis. Pedibus testaceis, tibiis tarsisque
fuscis vel fusco-nigris, his niveo-annulatis, geniculis niveis. Aodomine supra
margaritaceo-fasciato. — Long. 2-2 8/4 millim.

Antenna proboscide parum breviores, testaceo-piceae, feminae fusco-pilosae, maris
dense longeque plumosae, torulus magnus, testaceus. Caput inferne testaceum,
antice metallice cyaneum, postice e squamulis margaritaceis tectum. Palpi maxil-
lares picei. Proboscis capite thoraceque paulo longior, dimidio apicali breviter
ciliata testacea, apice infuscata. Thorax testaceus, supra linea media longi-
tudinali postice abbreviata scutellum haud attingente, sutura transversa pre-
scutellari et scutello in medio metallice cyaneis, utrinque ante alarum insertionem
prope marginem linea metallica cyanea antice abbreviata instructus; callus
humeralis metallice cyaneus. Pleurae dilute coeruleo-maculatae. Alae hyalinae,
fuscano-squamulatae. Halteres pallidi. Pedes ad partim flavicantes, femora inferne
et summa basi dilute flavida, supra sat dense fusco-squamata, geniculae niveae,
tibiae fuscae apice niveae, tarsis, articulis omnibus apice niveo. Abdomen an-
gustum, fuscum, modice villosum et pilosum, superne transversim margaritaceo-
fasciatum, subtus griseum.

Hab. observ.: Prov. Buenos Ayres in Las Conchas (E. L. Holmberg).

Es un bellisimo Culicidae, notable por las rayas y manchas azul-metalicas que se
destacan sobre un fondo testaceo-ferruginoso y por las bandas de color perla que
adornan su abdomen. Solo tres ejemplares recojidos por el Dr. E. L. Holmberg,
en las riberas del Rio Lujan, figuran en mi coleccion. Se parece mucho, segun la
descripcion, al /Edes saphirinus, Ost.-Sacken, del que diflere por su escudete, en
gran parte azul metalico, y su color mas claro en general.

Original Description of Uranotcenia apicalis :

Thorax bright brown, with deep brown curved scales and a small blue spot before
the scutellum and a line of blue scales at the roots of the wings; a few pale blue
scales on the prothoracic lobe and on the median lobe of the scutellum, and some
pale blue scales on the head and pleurae. Abdomen brown, with apical pearly-

TJRANOT/ENIA PULCHERRIMA

909

white bands. Wings with a long blue patch on the root of the fifth long vein. Fore
and mid legs deep brown, unhanded; in the hind all the joints have apical white
spots and the last joint entirely white.

Head with flat black scales and a median patch of pale blue and a small patch
on each side; proboscis, palpi, and antennae deep brown, basal joint of the latter
bright ferruginous.

Thorax bright brown, with narrow-curved brown scales and a patch of flat pale
blue scales in front of the root of each wing, and a small spot in front of the space
before the scutellum; prothoracic lobes with a few blue scales and long black
bristles; scutellum with pale blue flat scales to the median lobe; metanotum brown;
pleurae bright brown, with pale blue spots.

Abdomen brown, with apical pale bands, two prominent, and pearly-white.

Legs deep brown, with bronzy reflections, the hind legs with white apices to the
joints, the last tarsal all white and the base also of the penultimate; ungues of the
fore and mid legs unequal, much curved, simple, hind equal and simple.

Wings with brown scales, those on the first longitudinal and on the sub-costal
large, the lateral ones of the third long vein few and large, lanceolate, a few black
small ones at its base, those on the branches of the second fork-cell the same; costal
border with long black spine-like scales; first sub-marginal cell about half the
size of the second posterior, its stem about two and a half times as long as the cell ;
stem of the second posterior about one-fourth longer than the cell; posterior cross-
vein about its own length distant from the mid cross-vein.

Length. — 2.5 to 3 mm.

J. Head with flat black scales and two lateral pale blue (almost white) patches
and a blue patch between the eyes; antennae brown, basal joint bright testaceous.
Legs, etc., as in the J1; ungues equal and simple.

Wings with brown scales, the first sub-marginal cell very small, very little more
than half the size of the second posterior, its stem three times as long as the cell;
stem of the second posterior longer than the cell; posterior cross-vein about two-
thirds of its length distant from the mid cross-vein; scales brown except at the
base of the fifth long vein, where they are metallic pale blue (yellow under the
microscope). The scales on the sub-costal, first and second long veins broad and
short and end somewhat asymmetrically; lateral ones on the third, branches of
the fourth and apex of the upper branch of the fifth long and lanceolate; at the base
of the third is a dark row of short thick scales, those on the remainder of the veins
short and thick; the blue basal scaled patch is composed of about a dozen large
inflated scales. The hind legs are banded as in the <?; the fore and mid unhanded.

Length. — 2.8 to 3 mm.

Habitat. — Antigua (Forrest).

Time of capture. — January.

Observations. — Described from a series of J"s and $'s, but the ^'s only are quite
perfect. It comes very near U. geometrica, but can at once be told from it by the last
hind tarsus only being white, not the last two as in geometrica, nor are the apical
abdominal bands triangular. The thoracic scales are as in geometrica.

Description of Male and Laeva of Ukanot.<enia pulcheebima:

Male. — -Proboscis long, slender, much expanded toward apex; labellas large;
vestiture of blackish-brown scales; cilia numerous particularly toward apex,
where they are long. Palpi minute, almost hidden by the clypeus. Antennae
plumose, the shaft slender, the last two joints long, with long and abundant
ciliation, the others rather short, somewhat thickened toward their bases, with
basal whorls of long brown hairs and median whorls of short hairs; tori large,
ocherous yellow. Clypeus large, prominent, triangularly rounded, smooth,
shining, brownish. Occiput clothed with broad appressed scales, pale metallic
blue in front, dark behind ; setaa along margins of eyes long and coarse, black.

Prothoracic lobes prominent, well separated, clothed with broad, flat, pale
metallic blue scales and a few black bristles. Mesonotum rich yellow-brown,
with a median longitudinal dark brown stripe extending to antescutellar space ;
vestiture of scattered narrow blackish-brown scales with a bronzy luster and
with coarse black bristles; a narrow median longitudinal stripe of broad
metallic blue scales extending to antescutellar space; a short line of blue scales
on the sides in front of roots of wings. Scutellum with central lobe large,
broadly rounded, each lobe with a group of bristles ; a large patch of broad, flat,

910

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

metallic blue scales on mid lobe; some dark narrow scales on lateral lobes.
Postnotum large, brownish ocherous, shining, nude. Pleurae pale brownish-
yellow with a large median dark spot covered by a patch of broad metallic blue
scales ; coxse pale luteous.

Abdomen subcylindrical, somewhat expanded towards the tip, the segments
with scattered coarse bristles, numerous on first segment and at apex ; dorsal
vestiture of blackish-brown scales, the third, fourth, and fifth segments with
somewhat irregular apical bands of white scales ; sixth segment with a few white
apical scales ; venter dark scaled, with obscure apical pale bands.

Wings rather narrow, hyaline ; forks of second and fourth veins short ; basal
cross-vein upright, rectangular, distant about its own length from anterior
cross- vein; scales of the veins small, clavate, dark brown, extreme apex and
fringe paler; sparse, large, broadly lanceolate, outstanding pale scales along
lower branch of second vein, outer half of third and upper branch of fourth ;
a short line of broad blue scales beginning at base of fourth vein and continued
on fifth vein over less than the basal third.

Legs rather long and slender; vestiture blackish-brown marked with white;
femora largely pale beneath ; ends of femora with a silvery white patch ; ends of
tibiae white marked, the hind ones very broadly so; front and middle tarsi
obscurely banded, the bands involving both ends of the joints ; hind tarsi with
apex of first and base and apex of second joints narrowly white banded, third
joint with narrow basal and broad apical white band, fourth joint white with
median black ring, fifth joint entirely white. Claw formula, 0.0-0-0.0.

Length : Body 2.5 mm. ; wing 2 mm.

Genitalia: Side-pieces short and broad, slightly longer than wide, tips
conically rounded ; basal lobe slight, low, setose. Clasp-filament as long as
side-piece, emarginate on one side toward tip, which bears a small terminal
claw. Harpe-like appendages a pair of stout rods with rounded tips. False
harpagones divided into three stout curved teeth, the two inner ones borne on a
common pedicel.

Female. — No specimens of this sex are before us.

Larva, Stage IV. — Head elongate, bulging at eyes, tapering anteriorly,
front margin with a median excision and heavy spinose processes at its sides ;
eyes large ; antenna? small, basally thickened, with a few small spinules ; dorsal
head-hairs apparently single and thickened (broken in the specimen) ; ante-
antennal tufts small, multiple. Thorax subquadrate, flat. Abdomen with the
segments widened posteriorly, the hairs in small tufts, long lateral hairs ap-
parently single (broken). Lateral comb of eighth segment of five stout teeth
on a plate, the upper and lower ones short, the central one long. Air-tube
moderate, cylindrical, uniform, about five times as long as wide, with pecten
of about twelve uniformly spaced small teeth, a moderate hair-tuft near the
middle closely following the pecten ; single pecten teeth with a delicate trans-
parent fringe on the sides. Anal segment nearly twice as long as wide, uni-
form, ringed by the plate ; dorsal tuft of a hair and large tuft on each side ; a
large lateral stellate tuft; ventral brush small, the tufts few-haired; anal gills
broad, ensiform, not as long as the segment.

Professor Moore reared one of our specimens from larvae found in one of the
sweet water canals near Georgetown.

South America and Lesser Antilles.

Georgetown, British Guiana (H. W. B. Moore). Also reported from Argen-
tina (Arribalzaga), States of Sao Paulo and Eio de Janeiro, Brazil (Peryassii),
and Antigua, West Indies (Theobald).

Uranotamia pulcherrima varies in the thoracic ornamentation. One of our
specimens, instead of the median line of metallic blue scales, shows only a patch

URAN0T2ENIA LOWII

911

of such scales in front of the s^utellum and the dark integumentary stripe is also
absent. This is the form described by Theobald from the island of Antigua
under the specific name apicalis. He also reported the typical form from the
same island. Our material, comprising both forms, is from British Guiana.

URANOTiENIA LOWII Theobald.

Vranotwnia loivii Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 339, 1901.

Vranotania lowii Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 492, 1902.

Vranotwnia loivii Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 301, 1903.

Vranotania loivii Taylor, Rev. de Med. Trop., iv, 152, 161, 1903.

Vranotwnia lowii Pazos, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1904, 134, 1904.

Vranotwnia lowii Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 65, 1904.

Vranotwnia loivi Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 410, 1905.

Vranotwnia lowii Grabham, Can. Ent., xxxvii, 401, 1905.

Vranotwnia lowii Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 186, 1906.

Vranotwnia lowii Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech. Ser. 11, 26, 1906.

Vranotwnia minuta Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 559, 1907.

Vranotwnia loivii Theobald, Mon. Culicid., iv, 560, 1907.

Vranotwnia lowii Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 246, 1907.

Vranotwnia lowi Peryassu, Os Culicid. do Brazil, 257, 1908.

Vranota nia lowii Busck, Smith. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., Hi, 62, 1908.

Vranota nia lowii Pazos, San. y Ben., ii, 49, 553, 1909.

Vranotwnia lowii Aiken, Brit. Guiana Med. Ann., 1908, 14, 1909.

Vranotwnia minuta Aiken, Brit. Guiana Med. Ann., 1908, 15, 1909.

Vranotwnia lowii Newstead & Thomas, Ann. Trop. Med. & Par., iv, 147, 1910.

Vranotwnia lowii Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 502, 1910.

Vranota nia minuta Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 503, 1910.

Original Description of Uranot^nia lowii:

Head with two silvery -blue patches; thorax bright chestnut-brown, with two dark
parallel median lines, a dark brown patch on each side over the roots of the wings,
a shiny silvery spot at the root of each wing; metanotum dark brown in the middle,
pale chestnut-brown at the sides. Abdomen dark brown, with traces of apical
pearly-blue lateral spots. Legs brown, the last two and the apical half of the ante-
penultimate hind tarsi white. Wings with a patch of violet and mauve scales at
base of the fifth long vein.

J. Head dark brown, with deep brown flat scales over the occiput, a small patch
of silvery -blue ones on each side; eyes black; antenna? deep brown, basal joint dark
brown, second joint pale, rather swollen, verticillate hairs long and dark, joints
all hairy; proboscis brown, much swollen apically and hairy towards the tip,
densely brown-scaled.

Thorax bright clear chestnut-brown, darker in the middle, with two brown
median parallel lines and with a dark brown patch over the roots of the wings, a
small silvery-blue spot in front of the root of each wing, the mesonotum covered
sparsely with very small, curved, black scales, and small black bristles over the
roots of the wings and forming two distinct lines down the mesonotum; scutellum
pale chestnut-brown, with flat black scales (partly denuded); metanotum deep
brown in the middle, pale ochraceous brown at the sides; pleurae pale ochraceous.

Abdomen dark brown, with blackish-brown scales and pearly apical spots, show-
ing pale blue at times; venter ochraceous.

Legs brown, the mid femora swollen, in the hind legs the last two and the greater
part of the apex of the antepenultimate tarsal joints white; ungues small, equal and
simple; in some lights the fore and mid tarsi appear pale in colour and rather
shiny.

Wings with brown scales, the median ones small and truncated, in a single row, a
few long thin lateral ones, scales at the base of the fifth, and a few at the base of the
fourth metallic-blue in certain lights; first sub-marginal cell very small, the second
long vein close to the first long vein, the stem passing some distance past the
supernumerary cross-vein; second posterior cell larger than the first sub-marginal,
but small ; posterior cross-vein about its own length distant from the mid cross-vein,
close to the base of the upper branch of the fifth long vein; halteres with an
ochraceous stem and fuscous head.

Length. — 1.5 mm.

Habitat. — St. Lucia.

Time of capture. — February.

912

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Observations. — Described from two specimens sent by Dr. Low to Dr. Rees. It
is a very distinct species, wbich can be easily told by the thoracic ornamentation
and the white hind tarsi. Dr. Low bred them from larvae taken in a pool at the
Cemetery, St. Lucia, and mentions that the larva is peculiar.

Original Description of Uranot^enia mintjta:

Head deep brown in the middle, azure blue at the sides and in front.

Thorax dark brown in the middle, pale brown at the sides, with a patch of flat
azure blue scales in front of the roots of the wings. Abdomen brown, some of the
segments with apical lateral pale blue spots. Legs deep brown, the hind pair with
the apical half of the third tarsal, whole of the fourth white and the fifth white
in some lights, dusky in others. Wings with a pale blue patch at the base.

$>. Head deep brown, clothed in the middle with flat deep velvety-brown scales
and with flat azure blue ones at the sides and a few forming a median patch in
front; antennas deep brown; also the proboscis, which is much swollen apically.

Thorax deep brown in the middle, bright brown at the sides, clothed with bronzy
curved scales which are broader on the dark area than on the pale, a line of pale blue
flat scales on each side in front of the roots of the wings, and pale blue scales on
the prothoracic lobes, chaataa long, brown; pleura? brown, with pale blue puncta;
scutellum pale brown, with four border-bristles to the mid lobe (denuded).

Abdomen deep brown, with three (?four) apical pale blue lateral spots and short
brown border-bristles.

Legs deep brown, with violet and purple reflections, in some lights bronzy; the
hind legs have the apical half of the third tarsal, and whole of the fourth snowy-
white, the fifth appears white in some lights, dusky in others; ungues equal and
simple.

Wings with brown scales, the lateral ones scanty, long and thin, a line of flat
azure-blue scales at the base of the fifth vein; median vein-scales single, very nar-
row; costa spiny, dark brown; first sub-marginal cell smaller and narrower than the
second posterior, its base nearer the apex of the wing, its stem about three and a
half times as long as the cell, close to the first long vein; stem of the second pos-
terior not quite twice as long as the cell; the supernumerary vein longer than the
mid and sloping backwards; the posterior as long as the mid, about one and a-half
times its own length distant from it; joining the upper branch of the fifth at about
its own length distant from the fork, the upper branch of the fifth bending sharply
where it joins it; the wings are pale at the base; hal teres with pale stem and
fuscous knob.

Length. — 2 mm.

Time of capture. — January.

Habitat. — New Amsterdam, British Guiana (Dr. Rowland).

Observations. — Described from a perfect $, except that the scutellum is rubbed.
It is a very small species, easily told by the cephalic adornment, the white hind
tarsals and non-banded abdomen, with apical pale blue scales. The blue area at the
base of the wing is on the fourth and fifth veins. The antenna? appear very long.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Uranot^enia lowii:

Female. — Proboscis moderately long, apical third much dilated, labellas
large, entire length ciliate; vestiture of deep brown scales. Palpi very short,
stout, clavate, with a few coarse long bristles and clothed with dusky scales.
Antennas filiform, long and slender, the joints subequal, with coarse but sparse
ciliation ; hairs of whorls rather short, sparse, black ; tori globose, with an apical
excavation, yellow and brown. Clypeus prominent, broadly conical, constricted
at base, brown. Occiput clothed with flat recumbent black scales with a slight
iridescence, in front a median triangular patch of bluish-silvery scales, on each
side and contiguous with this a broad band of bluish-silvery scales runs from
ocular margins obliquely to base of prothoracic lobes ; bristles along margins of
eyes coarse, black.

Prothoracic lobes large and prominent but well separated, contiguous with
head, clothed with broad flat silvery scales with a bluish or violaceous irides-
cence and with a few black bristles. Mesonotum bright yellow-brown with three
dorsal longitudinal darker stripes, two shining bare stripes between them show-
ing a pale greyish or bluish tinge, at sides over roots of wings a large dark
brown spot; vestiture of sparse, blackish, rather large hair-like scales; these

TJRANOTiENIA LOWII

913

scales densest over the three median and submedian integumental stripes, the
median one extending to the antescutellar bare space, the submedian ones con-
tinuing on each side of it to hind margin ; a short, broad line of bluish-silvery
scales on lateral margins before roots of wings; bristles coarse and long, dark
brown. Scutellum with the median lobe large and broadly rounded, lateral
angles acute ; a large patch of broad truncate dusky-brown outstanding scales at
the middle and smaller similar patches at lateral angles ; each lobe with few long,
coarse, brown setae. Pleura? yellow-brown with a large median dark brown spot
bearing a transverse patch of broad, flat bluish-silvery scales; coxae luteous, with
basal patches of bluish-silvery scales.

Abdomen short, subcylindrical, tip broadly truncate; dorsal vestiture of
black scales; sides of third, fifth and sixth segments with very large, tri-
angular bluish-silvery patches, their bases resting on posterior borders of seg-
ments ; posterior margins of segments with dark brown bristles which are most
abundant on last segment; venter entirely silvery-white scaled.

Wings moderate, hyaline; second vein very closely approximated to first,
second marginal cell very short, about one-fourth the length of its petiole;
second posterior cell larger but much less than its petiole in length ; basal
cross-vein long, about its own length from the short anterior cross-vein ; scales
of the veins brown, small ; scaling in general slight, rather dense on costa and
first vein ; a few large, long and narrowly lanceolate outstanding scales on lower
branch of second, on third vein and on upper branch of fourth vein, fourth
vein with a short stripe of broad silvery-blue scales at its base, continued by a
short stripe of similar scales on fifth vein in its basal fourth; fringe broad.
Halteres with pale stem, the knobs pale brownish.

Legs rather long and slender; vestiture blackish-brown, with a slight bluish
iridescence ; femora pale beneath at base ; knees, except the fore pair white ;
apices of tibia? touched with white ; hind tarsi with last two joints and apical
half of second joint white; tips of middle tarsi with a pale brownish luster.
Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 2 mm. ; wing 2.1 mm.

Male. — Proboscis longer, more slender and less swollen at apex than in the
female, with rather coarse outstanding seta?. Palpi very short, slender. An-
tenna? long, filiform, the joints subequal, but little shorter than in the female,
the last two joints lengthened; hairs of whorls sparse, but longer than in the
female; ciliation coarse. Coloration as in the female. Abdomen short, sub-
cylindrical, somewhat thickened at apex. Wings slightly narrower, the fork-
cells shorter than in the female; vestiture less abundant. Claw formula,
0.0-0.0-0.0 ; one claw of the mid legs very large, the other very small.

Length : Body about 2 mm. ; wing 2 mm.

Genitalia (plate 37, fig. 248) : Side-pieces about twice as long as broad,
conically tapered; a low, strongly hairy lobe on inner side near base. Clasp-
filament short, very stout, thickened outwardly, rounded at tip, with about fifteen
terminal spines, arranged in a patch at tip and within it. False harpes short,
slender, rounded at tip and curved outward. False harpagones divided into two
portions, a stout rounded outer triangle and two small spines within. Unci
forming' a broad membranous plate with quadrate apical emargination.

Larva, Stage IV. — Head elongate, elliptical, widest through eyes, front pro-
tuberant, broadly rounded, shallowly emarginate at middle between a pair of
stout projecting spines ; both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single and thickened,
finely spinose; ante-antennal tufts multiple. Antenna? small, stout, thickened
at base, with a single hair below middle and a few small spicules; terminal
spines large and stout. Air-tube subcylindrical, scarcely tapered, about five
times as long as wide ; pecten reaching nearly to middle, of twelve evenly spaced

914

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

teeth, followed by a multiple tuft. Lateral plate of eighth segment large,
elliptical, with comb of six to eight teeth along its posterior border. Anal
segment longer than wide, ringed by the plate; plate spinose along posterior
border; dorsal tuft of five long hairs on each side; lateral tuft small, multiple;
ventral brush confined to barred area, rather small and sparse; anal gills short,
equal, rather slender and with blunt tips.

Mr. Taylor has found the larva? in Cuba most plentiful in September. He
found them principally in small collections of clear, still water in conjunction
with " Culex " and Anopheles. The eggs " are brownish in color, and are de-
posited on the surface of water in a manner similar to those of Culex pipiens,
that is in a boat shaped mass, but both the group and the individual eggs are
smaller. They average about 50 to 75 in a group." Mr. Taylor further remarks :
" It is evidently a rural insect, and our observations would indicate that it is of
very little annoyance to human beings. We have been unable to get it to bite in
confinement. The minimum period of development from egg to mosquito was
eight and a half days."

Mr. Jennings found the larvae in shallow pools containing algae in open grassy
situations. Theobald quotes Dr. Low as saying : " The pool already mentioned
near the cemetery in St. Lucia and small water holes in a meadow behind Kings-
town, St. Vincent, were the breeding-ground of this species." Theobald further
quotes Mr. Hewlett of Trinidad as saying that the adults bite severely, but the
statement remains unconfirmed and is probably erroneous.

Tropical America, including the Antilles.

Havana, Cuba, October 3, 1901 (J. Carroll) ; Havana, Cuba, November 1,
1902 (J. B. Taylor) ; Kingston, Jamaica (M. Grabham) ; Laventille, Trinidad
(P. W. Urich) ; Las Cascadas, Canal Zone, Panama, May 18, 1907 (A. Busck) ;
La Boca, Canal Zone, Panama, November 19, 1907 (A. H. Jennings) ; Ancon,
Canal Zone, Panama (A. H. Jennings) ; Culebra, Canal Zone, Panama, April
3, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Miraflores, Canal Zone, Panama, December 10,
1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Georgetown, British Guiana (E. D. Eowland) ; Ber-
bice, British Guiana, November 12, 1906 (J. Aiken). Eeported also from St.
Vincent and St. Lucia, West Indies and Para, Brazil (Theobald) ; city of Sao
Paulo and Maceio, State of Alagoas, Brazil (Peryassu).

URANOTJENIA CONTINENT ALIS Dyar & Knab.
Vranotcenia continentalis Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 186, 187, 1906.
Original Description of Uranot^enia continentalis :

Sent to Miss Mitchell by Dr. Dupree from Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and identified
as " Uranotwnia lowii Theob." The characters are indicated in the table.

The following is an abstract of the table :

1. Antennae with scattered spines; longest terminal seta shorter than

antenna 2

2. Terminal setae four 4

4. Antennas with the hair beyond the basal third continentalis

Description of Female and Larva of Uranot^nia continentalis (Male Unknown) :
Female. — Proboscis rather long and slender, apical third much swollen, seta?
rather coarse ; vestiture of dark bronzy-brown scales. Palpi very short, brown-
scaled and with a few coarse bristles. Clypeus prominent, conical, constricted
at base, brown, shining, nude. Antenna? filiform, the joints subequal, brown,
very coarsely but rather sparsely ciliate; hairs of whorls sparse, rather long,
black; tori globose, with an apical excavation, brown and yellowish, strongly
white-pruinose. Occiput clothed with broad appressed scales, those on the

TTRANOTiENIA CONTINENTALIS

915

vertex blackish with a slight iridescence, a large silvery-blue spot on vertex and
laterally a broad line of silvery-blue scales runs from the eye-margins near
vertex obliquely to bases of prothoracic lobes; bristles along margins of eyes
coarse, black, two paler ones projecting forward between the eyes.

Prothoracic lobes large, prominent, remote dorsally, clothed with broad,
flat bluish-silvery scales and with a few coarse dark bristles. Mesonotum bright
yellow-brown, three dorsal longitudinal darker brown stripes, between them a
pair of narrow, bare, pale plumbeous stripes, the outer dark stripes continued
along sides of antescutellar space ; a large, dark brown patch over roots of
wings; vestiture of sparse, coarse, hair-like, dark brown scales, denser on dark
portions; a short line of broad bluish-silvery scales at lateral margins before
roots of wings; antescutellar space bare, very pale plumbeous; bristles coarse
and long, brown. Scutellum brownish luteous, the mid lobe large, each lobe
with a patch of broad dark-brown scales and a few coarse brown bristles. Post-
notum elliptical, prominent, nude, ochraceous, with a broad median brown
stripe. Pleura? ochraceous, with a large dark-brown spot on middle, partly
covered by a patch of broad, flat bluish-silvery scales; coxae ochraceous, with
patches of silvery-blue scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, truncate at tip; dorsal vestiture dull black, the
second, third, fifth, and sixth segments with very large patches of bluish-
silvery scales on the sides ; venter silvery scaled.

Legs long and slender; vestiture of blackish-brown scales; femora pale-
scaled beneath on basal portion ; knees and tips of tibiae without white scales ;
hind tarsi with last two joints and outer half of third white-scaled. Claw
formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; the second vein very close to the first, second
marginal cell very short, about one-fourth the length of its petiole; second
posterior cell slightly longer, but still much shorter than its petiole; basal cross-
vein distant nearly its own length from anterior cross- vein; scales on veins
small, brown, some long, narrow outstanding scales on lower branch of second,
on third, and on upper branch of fourth veins, a short patch of broad bluish-
silvery ones at base of fourth vein, a longer patch of similar scales in continua-
tion on fifth vein, involving about its basal fourth.

Length : Body about 1.6 mm. ; wing 1.5 mm.

Larva, Stage IV. — Head elongate, longer than wide, bulging at the sides,
front margin with a median emargination and a sharp stout prominence each
side of it, a deep notch at insertion of antennae. Antennae small, subcylindrical,
stout, spined on one side, a single hair at basal third; four large unequal
terminal spines and two digits on a process. Eyes moderate, pointed. Both
pairs of dorsal head-hairs single, very stout and thick ; a two-haired tuft below ;
ante-antennal tufts multiple, rather remote from antennae. Mental plate
rounded triangular, apical tooth rounded, short; six teeth on each side, the
last three small. Mandible quadrangular, the area below dentition squarely
exserted; four filaments before tip, two long, two smaller, with a dense group
of hairs before the collar; cilia at edge supplanted by filaments; dentition
heavy, two sets of teeth on a process, rounded, the first in each group longest,
several irregular ones at base; exsertion below with hairs at tip; two long
serrate filaments and a group of hairs within. Maxilla hemispherical, divided
by a suture, hairy, outer half densely so ; a group of serrate filaments at apex
on the suture ; two jointed filaments near base ; palpus small, with seven digits
of different lengths. Thorax rounded, wider than long; hairs abundant; short
subdorsal tufts of mesothorax and metathorax short and stellate ; subdorsal
prothoracic tufts multiple. Abdomen moderate, anterior segments shorter;

916

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

lateral tufts of first two segments long, multiple, obsolete on other segments;
secondary hairs in distinct stellate tufts. Tracheal tubes slender, flexuous.
Air-tube slender, uniform, about five times as long as wide; pecten of uni-
formly spaced small teeth, a large tuft at the middle beyond pecten; single
pecten teeth narrow, tapered, fringed on the sides with spinules, the tip smooth.
Lateral comb of eighth segment a row of scales on the edge of a large lateral
chitinous plate, the single scales conical and fringed with long thick spines.
Anal segment about as long as wide, ringed by the plate, which has a row of
spines along posterior edge; dorsal tuft of three hairs on each side; a small
lateral tuft ; ventral brush moderately well developed, confined to barred area ;
anal gills short, about as long as the segment, tapered.

Life history and habits unknown.

Southern United States.

Baton Kouge, Louisiana, September 6-9 and October 23, 1904 (J. W.
Dupree) ; Jackson Barracks, Louisiana, August (M. P. Chamberlain).

Uranotcenia continentalis was founded on the larva, and, although the char-
acters then indicated are without value, adults since received show that the
6pecies is distinct from Uranotcenia lowii, but very closely allied thereto. In
continentalis the two dorsal, mesonotal, bare pale stripes are much narrower
than in lowii, the silvery-blue spot on the vertex is absent on most of our speci-
mens and the femora and tibiae are not marked with white, as they are in lowii.

URANOTCENIA COATZACOALCOS Dyar & Knab.

Uranotcenia coatzacoalcos Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 186, 1906.
Original Description of Uranotcenia coatzacoalcos:

The antenna? are stout, with a single stout hair at basal third and two short
spines on the other side; at tip two long hairs, not as long as the antennae, a short
one and a sharp angle; a long double blade-like digit that appears to be divided to
the base, one part dark and about two-thirds as long as that longer pale portion.

The larva? were collected by the junior author at Santa Lucrecia, Mexico, in the
valley of the river Coatzacoalcos. They were not bred. The larva? occurred in a
ditch full of vegetation.

The following is an abstract of the table :

1. Antenna? with scattered spines; longest terminal seta shorter than

antenna ,,. 2

2. Terminal seta? three, the short one obsolete 3

3. Shaft with but two spines; terminal digit double coatzacoalcos

Description of Larva of Uranotcenia coatzacoalcos (Female and Male Unknown) :
Larva, Stage IV. — Head rounded, elongate, longer than wide, bulging at the
sides, front margin with a slight median emargination and a stout sharp promi-
nence each side of it, a deep notch at insertion of antennas. Antennas cylindri-
cal, small and stout, basally thickened, with a few scattered spines and a single
short hair at basal third; four large apical spines of irregular length and a
stout digit with a basal branch. Eyes moderate, pointed. Both pairs of dorsal
head-hairs single, very stout and thick ; a two-haired tuft below ; ante-antennal
tufts multiple. Mental plate triangular, with a central tooth and five on each
side, the last one small. Mandible quadrangular, rounded ; four filaments and a
large tuft of hairs before tip ; a row of stiff cilia surrounding dentition ; denti-
tion of four teeth on a thick process, the second tooth much the largest ; a small
tooth and a larger double one at base, a broad plate with irregularly serrate edge
and two slender filaments within ; two delicate superposed hemispherical plates
at basal articulation, serrate on the edge, fringed with hairs outwardly ; a basal

URAN0T2ENIA BASALIS

917

row of hairs. Maxilla slight!}' more than hemispherical, divided by a narrow
suture ; inner half hairy toward margin, with a row of long thick spines towards
tip; a tuft of coarse serrate hairs at tip; outer half with two filaments near
middle and a tuft of fine hairs; palpus short and thick, with four long apical
digits and two short subapical ones. Thorax rounded, wider than long; hairs
abundant, the short subdorsal tufts of the mesothorax and metathorax short
and stellate. Abdomen moderate, anterior segments shorter; lateral tufts of
first two segments long, multiple, evanescent on other segments; secondary
hairs more or less in tufts. Air-tube slender, uniform, about five times as long
as wide, pecten of short evenly spaced teeth, a multiple tuft before the middle
beyond pecten; single tooth a flat scale with long serrations at side. Lateral
comb of eighth segment a row of thorn-shaped scales with fine obscure spinules
on the sides toward the base; lateral plates absent (specimens immature). Anal
segment about as long as wide, ringed by the plate, which has a row of spines
along posterior edge ; dorsal tufts of three hairs on each side ; a small lateral
tuft; ventral brush moderately well developed, confined to barred area; anal
gills about as long as anal segment, tapered.

The larva? from which this species was described were collected from a reedy
ditch along the railroad tracks near Santa Lucrecia on the Isthmus of
Tehuantepec. These larva? died.

Southern Mexico.

Santa Lucrecia, June 20, 1905 (F. Knab).

URANOTiENIA BASALIS, new species.
Description of Male and Larva of Uranot-enia basalis (Female Unknown) :

Male. — Proboscis long, moderately slender, distinctly swollen apically,
clothed with coarse black scales, labella? rather large and broad with outstand-
ing seta?. Palpi short and slender, nearly as long again as the clypeus, clothed
with blackish scales and with a few seta?. Clypeus conical, rounded, constricted
at base, dark brown, shining, nude. Antennae plumose, the last two joints long
and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others shorter, progressively longer towards
apex, the proximal one about four times as long as wide, each joint with a basal
whorl of abundant long brown hairs and a median whorl of short ones ; tori large,
subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, brown. Occiput clothed
with broad appressed scales, those on the vertex brownish-black with iridescent
luster, margin of eyes broadly white scaled, cheeks also white scaled ; seta? along
margins of eyes moderate, black.

Prothoracic lobes large and prominent, well separated dorsally, brown, with
a broad oblique line of erect, broad silvery-white scales. Mesonotum dark
brown, sparsely clothed with rather coarse, narrow curved, bronzy-brown scales,
a pair of submedian longitudinal bare stripes not differentiated from rest of
integument; a marginal line of very broad silvery- white scales from before root
of wing to near middle of sides; bristles long, coarse, black. Scutellum dark
brown, the median lobe prominent, clothed with small dark bronzy-brown scales,
each lobe with a group of coarse black bristles. Postnotum elliptical, promi-
nent, nude, dark brown, slightly pruinose. Pleura? brown, a line of broad
silvery-white scales crossing obliquely in continuation with that on prothoracic
lobes ; coxa? pale luteous, with a few whitish scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical ; dorsal vestiture of dull black scales, a series of seg-
mental broad basal creamy-white spots tending to form bands, no lateral spots ;
first segment broadly yellowish-white scaled in the middle, dark scaled at the
sides, with many fine brownish hairs ; venter with pale basal segmental bands ;
lateral ciliation of sparse coarse pale hairs.

918

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Wings rather narrow, hyaline; second vein close to first; second marginal
cell short, much less than half the length of its petiole; second posterior cell a
little longer, but also much shorter than its petiole; basal cross-vein distant
more than its own length from anterior cross- vein ; scales along veins small, pale
brownish, those of costa blackish-brown; first vein with basal third creamy-
white scaled ; second and third veins, both forks of fourth, and upper branch of
fifth with large outstanding broadly lanceolate scales. Halteres white, with
black knobs.

Legs rather long and slender ; vestiture of blackish-brown scales with bronzy
luster, marked with white ; femora pale-scaled beneath to near apex, their apices
white scaled ; hind tibiae broadly white scaled at their apices ; middle tarsi with
last two joints and apex of third pale scaled with a metallic luster ; hind tarsi
with last two joints and outer half of third white-scaled. Claw formula,
0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 2.5 mm. ; wing 2.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 37, fig. 251) : Side-pieces short and stout, less than twice
as long as wide, tips rounded; basal lobe broad, low, setose. Clasp-filament
stout, swollen beyond middle, with a minute terminal claw and short hairs on
inner margin. False harpes small, tips pointed. False harpagones divided into
several portions, the inner slender one with a long curved branch below its tip,
the others short and recurved.

Type: No. 12259, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Larva, Stage IV. — Head elongate, elliptical, widest through eyes, tapering
anteriorly, front prominently rounded, emarginate at middle; clypeal spines
6hort but stout and prominent; antennae small, with a single hair near base,
and a few weak spinules ; both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single and thickened ;
upper lateral hair short, double; lower tufts in fours; ante-antennal tufts
multiple. Air-tube over four times as long as wide, scarcely tapered ; pecten of
about fifteen rather short, broad, evenly spaced teeth, reaching nearly to middle
of tube, followed by a large multiple hair-tuft; single pecten-spines fringed on
both sides, but with the fringes longer on one side. Lateral plate of eighth
segment large, elliptical, with six closely set spinose comb-scales on its pos-
terior border. Anal segment longer than wide, ringed by the plate, which is
spined along its posterior border; dorsal tufts of five long hairs on each side;
lateral tuft small, multiple; ventral brush confined to the barred area, rather
sparse ; anal gills four, equal, slender, about half as long as anal segment.

The larva was collected in a pool among rocks in a stream-bed, associated
with Anopheles pseudopunctipennis, Anopheles argyritarsis, Culex coronaior,
Culex derivator, and an Aedes, probably Aedes fluviatilis.

Southern Mexico.

Cordoba. Larva collected January 9; adult issued February 2, 1908 (F.
Enab).

URANOTiENIA GEOMETRICA Theobald.

Uranotwnia geometrica Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 247, 1901.
Uranotwnia geometrica Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 489, 1902.
Uranotwnia geometrica Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 65, 1904.
Uranotwnia geometrica Brethes, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, iv, 336, 1905.
Uranotwnia geometrica Blanchard, Les Moust, 409, 1905.

Uranotwnia geometrica Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech. Ser. 11, 26, 1906.
Uranotwnia geometrica Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 187, 1906.
Uranotwnia geometrica Aiken, Brit. Guiana Med. Annual, 1906, 63, 1907.
Uranotwnia (?) geometrica Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 565, 1907.
Uranotwnia geometrica Autran, Anal. Dep. Nac. Hig., xiv, 30, 1907.
Uranotwnia geometrica Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., lii, 61, 1908.

URANOTiENIA GEOMETEICA

919

Uranotwnia geometrica Peryassu, Os Culicid. do Brazil, 51, 258, 1908.

Uranotwnia geometrica Newstead & Thomas, Ann. Trop. Med. & Par., iv, 147, 1910.

Uranotwnia geometrica Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 501, 1910.

Uranotwnia geometrica Brethes, Bol. Inst. Ent. y de Patol. Veget, i, 44, 1912.

Original Description of Uranotwnia geometrica:

Thorax testaceous brown, with two more or less distinct paler parallel lines,
covered with scattered thin bronzy-brown scales, with a light blue line before the
roots of the wings, a spot in the middle near the bare space in front of the scutellum,
and another blue spot on the mid scutellar lobe and pale blue prothoracic lobes, and
also two blue spots on the head. Abdomen black, with apical median triangular
white patches. Legs blackish, with apical white bands, the last two hind tarsi being
all white.

$. Head covered with flat black scales, rather ochraceous behind, and with
brilliant blue ones at the sides and along the eyes; antennae brown, basal joint and
base of the second joint bright clear yellow; palpi very small, brown scaled; clypeus
deep rich brown, shiny; proboscis as long as the whole body, swollen at the apex,
brown at the base, dull metallic green, then purple at the apex.

Thorax bright testaceous brown, with two paler parallel lines, somewhat darker
between than at the sides, covered with scattered narrow deep bronzy scales, which
under the microscope present a beautiful appearance; the middle of the scales
appears as a dark line bordered with a narrow golden rim; in front of the roots of
the wings is a long patch of brilliant pale blue flat scales, another exists in the
middle line just before the bare space in front of the scutellum; there are also two
rows of brown bristles; prothoracic lobes covered with flat bright blue scales;
scutellum with a patch of flat blue scales to the middle lobe; narrow bronzy ones
to the lateral lobes; four bristles on the median lobe and four on each of the lateral
lobes like U. pulcherrima ; pleurae pale bright testaceous, with one large patch of
pale blue flat scales and traces of a second smaller one, and with scattered brown
bristles; metanotum pale yellowish-brown.

Abdomen steely-black, covered with dusky-black scales, the third to eighth seg-
ments with a median apical white triangular spot, the base of the triangle level
with the posterior border of the segments, these spots show pale blue and pearly
reflections in some lights, the posterior borders with small pale hairs; there are
also pearly apical lateral spots; venter pale scaled.

Legs with the coxa? very pale ochraceous, with a few dark brown and pale golden
bristles; bases and venter along the basal half of the femora pale ochraceous, apical
half dark brown, with a pure white apical dorsal spot; fore tibiae, metatarsi and
tarsi dark brown, the apex of the tibiae and metatarsi with a small white band,
traces of the same on the apices of the first three tarsi; mid legs similar in colour
to the fore legs, but the femora much enlarged, hind legs with the tibiae with a
large white apical patch, metatarsi and first tarsal joint with a small white apical
band, the second tarsal with a broad white apical band, the last two joints being pure
white; ungues equal, thin and simple.

Wings with dark- and pale-brown scales, those on the veins spatulate, short and
rather broad, single rowed, the lateral ones, where they occur, pale lanceolate and
large; the costal border dark, with fine pointed narrow lanceolate scales along its
free border; scales on the first, second, third, fifth and sixth longitudinals dark
brown, those on the fourth pale brown, except at the fork, the root of the fifth is
densely scaled with blue scales, with pale mauve reflections, forming a distinct
blue line; on the fork-cells and on all the third vein are large lateral pale lanceolate
scales; there is a very distinct incrassation forming a quasi-seventh vein; first
sub-marginal cell much smaller than the second posterior cell, lying close to the
first longitudinal vein, but its stem not so near as in the former species (pulcher-
rima) ; the stem three times as long as the cell; the junction of the supernumerary
and mid cross-veins close to the base of the vein, but not nearly so close as in the
former species; posterior cross-vein not quite its own length distant from the mid
cross-vein,. Halteres with a deep ochraceous stem and fuscous knob.

Length.- — 2.5 mm.

Habitat. — Cubatao, near Santos, Brazil (Dr. Lutz).

Observations. — Dr. Lutz sends me an Uranotwnia, which he points out as differing
from U. pulcherrima of Arribalzaga, and which he names geometrica. After carefully
studying the two specimens sent and comparing them with U. pulcherrima, I feel
convinced that Dr. Lutz is correct, although it is closely related to Arribalzaga's
species. Dr. Lutz pointed out to me that the abdominal ornamentation differs, and
also that the leg banding differs, the two last tarsal joints of the hind legs being
pure white, whilst in pulcherrima the last only is white, the abdominal ornamenta-

920

MOSQUITOES OF NOETH AMEEICA

tion consists of apical triangular median white patches, not bands, as in V. pul-
cherrima. To these differences I must add the following: (i) there is no median
blue thoracic line, but a blue median spot towards the scutellum; (ii) the dark
thoracic scales have a golden border when seen under the microscope, whilst in
U. pulcherrima they are all deep bronzy -brown, like saphirina; (iii) the first sub-
marginal cell is relatively much smaller than in U. pulcherrima; (iv) the basal
blue-scaled line of the wings is present only on the root of the fifth vein, whilst in
U. pulcherrima it is on both the fourth and fifth veins; (v) lastly, I can detect no
upright forked scales on the head of U. geometrica.

I have not seen a Dr. Lutz says they breed with Anopheles, and the larvae
are much like those of that genus, but have a short respiratory tube, and lie
obliquely in the water. They sting severely in the daytime, but do not seem very
inclined to do so. They may also be found in the grass near the places where they
breed.

Descbiption of Female, Male, and Larva op Uranot^nia geometrica:

Female. — Proboscis long, slender at base, much expanded toward apex,
labella? large; vestiture of black scales with a brownish tint; cilia numerous,
particularly towards apex where they are longer. Palpi very short, rather
stout, clavate ; vestiture of blackish scales ; setae numerous, stiff, black and dense
apically. Antennas filiform, long and slender, the joints subequal, dark brown,
with coarse and rather sparse ciliation, more dense on last two joints; second
joint slightly longer than the succeeding one and broadly pale at base ; hairs of
whorls long and sparse ; tori globose, rather small, ocher-yellow. Clypeus
rather small, prominent, roundedly triangular, constricted at base, nude, dark
brown, shining. Occiput covered with broad appressed dark iridescent scales,
light metallic blue in a large vertical spot between the eyes and another
laterally at ocular margins; bristles along margins of eyes moderate, black, a
pair projecting forward between eyes.

Prothoracic lobes prominent, well separated, covered with small, broad,
metallic bright blue scales and with a few black bristles. Mesonotum dull
yellowish brown anteriorly, becoming dull brown on posterior half; vestiture
of rather dense, small, curved, light bronzy brown scales, some black hair-like
ones intermixed, a pair of submedian longitudinal bare lines extending from
anterior margin to near antescutellar space, a small spot of metallic blue scales
in front of antescutellar space; a broad line of metallic blue scales at lateral
margins from base of wings to near middle of sides ; bristles coarse and long,
light brown with a slight golden luster. Scutellum with the central lobe large,
broadly rounded, each lobe with a group of coarse brown bristles; scales on
lateral lobes small, black, a large patch of blue ones on middle lobe. Postnotum
large, deep ocherous, with a slight dark median ridge, smooth, nude. Pleurae
pale yellowish-brown, a darker spot bearing a patch of small pale metallic blue
scales in the middle ; coxas luteous.

Abdomen straight-sided, dorsally flattened, truncate at tip; dorsal vestiture
of black scales, in parts with brown, bright green and dark blue luster ; a series
of median, segmental, apical triangular white patches, absent on first segment,
small on second, large and transverse on the following ones ; sides with a series
of silvery-white triangular apical segmental patches, with a slight bluish luster ;
venter clothed with dull white scales ; tip of abdomen with many coarse brown
bristles.

Wings rather narrow, hyaline; second vein closely approximate to first;
second marginal cell very short, about one-third the length of its petiole ; second
posterior cell slightly longer, but much less than its petiole in length; basal
cross-vein upright, distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein;
scales of veins small, dark brown, with a green reflection along costa ; extreme
apex paler and also the fringe; a row of large broadly lanceolate outstanding
pale scales along lower branch of second vein, outer two-thirds of third vein

URANOT^ENIA GEOMETEICA

921

and upper branch of fourth vein ; a short line of very broad metallic blue scales
at base of fourth vein, continued on fifth vein over about basal fourth of wing.
Halteres pale, with black knobs.

Legs rather long and slender ; vestiture blackish-brown with a slight greenish
luster and marked with white ; femora largely pale beneath, especially towards
base ; ends of femora with a large bluish-white patch above; ends of tibiae white
marked ; fore tarsi with apex of first, both ends of second and base of third joint
narrowly white-ringed; mid tarsi with faint bandings at all the joints; hind
tarsi with last two joints entirely and apical fourth of third white; second and
third joints banded at base and apex, first at apex only. Claw formula,
0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 2.5 mm. ; wing 2.2 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, rather long and slender, dilated toward apex,
labellse large ; apical portion with a few coarse bristles ; vestiture of dark-brown
scales. Palpi short, stout, clavate, almost hidden by the clypeus. Antennae
plumose, slender ; last two joints long and slender, brown, sparsely and coarsely
ciliate, the others shorter, pale luteous with apical white rings and black rings
at origins of basal whorls ; hairs of basal whorls very long, yellowish-brown,
secondary whorls short and sparse; tori large, pale yellowish. Coloration as
in female. Abdomen somewhat longer than in the female, slightly thickened
at apex; ciliation sparse, coarse and irregular, yellowish, more abundant
towards tip. Wings narrower than in the female, the stems of the fork-cells
about the same length, vestiture similar. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0, one of the
claws of mid tarsi small and attenuated, the other large, broad and strongly
curved.

Length : Body about 2.5 mm. ; wing 2.2 mm.

Genitalia (plate 37, fig. 250) : Side-pieces short and broad, slightly longer
than wide, tips conically rounded ; basal lobe slight, low, setose. Clasp-fila-
ment as long as side-piece, strongly enlarged just beyond base and tapering
slightly to tip, which bears a minute terminal claw. Harpe-like appendages
slender, tapering, tips rounded. Harpagone-like appendages divided into a
number of stout basal teeth of equal length.

Larva, Stage IV. — Head elongate, rounded, bulging at sides, front margin
with a sharp prominence each side of middle, a deep notch at insertion of
antennae. Antenna? small, subcylindrical, stout, smooth, a single hair at basal
third ; at tip four unequal coarse spines and a digit with a branch. Eyes
moderate, pointed. Both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single, very stout and thick.
Mental plate rounded triangular, with a triangularly pointed apical tooth and
seven on each side, the basal one small. Mandible quadrangular, arcuate on
outer side; four short filaments and a tuft of hairs in a hollow some distance
before tip; a row of short stiff cilia surrounding dentition; dentition of two
large teeth followed by four short ones on a process, a large double tooth below
and another one near articulation ; a broad, irregularly serrate plate and two
slender filaments within ; a small process at articulation bearing four teeth and
a tuft of hairs; a row of long hairs at base. Maxilla hemispherical, divided by
a curved suture ; inner half densely hairy, with two long spines on margin ; an
area of 'thick short conical spines at tip; outer half with two long filaments
at middle ; palpus stout, as thick as half of maxilla, with four long digits on
pedicels. Thorax rounded, wider than long; hairs abundant, short subdorsal
tufts of mesothorax and metathorax short and stellate; subdorsal prothoracic
tuft multiple. Abdomen moderate, anterior segments shorter; lateral tufts of
first two segments long, multiple, short and multiple on the other segments;
some of secondary hairs in series of distinct stellate tufts. Air-tube slender,
59

922

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

subcylindrical, straight, about five times as long as wide ; pecten of few, small,
evenly spaced teeth, followed by a large tuft before middle ; pecten teeth short,
flat deeply serrate scales. Lateral comb of eighth segment a row of six scales on
posterior margin of a very large lateral plate ; single scales thorn-shaped, with a
slight lateral fringe of spinules. Anal segment much longer than wide, ringed
by the plate which has a row of spines along posterior edge ; dorsal tufts of three
hairs on each side; a small lateral tuft; ventral brush of few sparse branches,
confined to the small barred area ; anal gills short, about as long as the segment,
tapered.

Theobald quotes Dr. Lutz as saying that he found the larvae associated with
the larva? of Anopheles, which they much resemble. According to him the
females bite severely by day, but seem not especially inclined to do so. Mr.
Urich found the larvae in a small puddle in a drain covered with green algae.
He says that the larva? at first sight reminded him of Anopheles argyritarsis.
They were colored green, no doubt from feeding on the alga?. The Eev. Dr.
Aiken found the larva? in a pool, associated with Uranotcenia pulcherrima and
Uranotcenia rowlandii. Mr. Busck found the larva? in a pool of a clear, cold,
mountain brook. He says the larva? look curiously like an Anopheles larva,
but are furnished with a long tube. Mr. Jennings found the larva? in a swampy
pond with sedgy edges and tufts of grass. Mr. Knab took them in a water-hole
between boulders in the stream-bed of the river San Antonio above the reach of
ordinary high water. The pool was full of alga?. The larva?, when disturbed,
descended into the dense mass of alga? and remained there a long time. The
pupa? also remained below for a long time; in spite of their long breathing
trumpets they did not become entangled in the alga?. They were associated
with larva? 0/ Anopheles argyritarsis.

Tropical America, exclusive of the Antilles.

Cordoba, Mexico, February 5, 1908 (F. Knab) ; Panama City, Panama (A.
I. Kendall) ; Empire, Canal Zone, Panama, May 7, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Gatun,
Canal Zone, Panama, June 8, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Culebra, Canal Zone, Panama,
July 23, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Taboga Island, Panama (A. H. Jennings) ; Colon,
Panama (A. H. Jennings) ; East La Boca, Canal Zone, Panama, November 12,
1907 (A. H. Jennings) ; Forty Mile Camp, Pedro Miguel, Canal Zone, Panama,
November 20, 1907 (A. H. Jennings) ; Trinidad, West Indies (F. W. Urich) ;
Stanley Town, British Guiana, September 18, 1905 (E. D. Bowland) . Eeported
also from Santos and the city of Sao Paulo ; Juiz de Fora and Oliveira, both in
the State of Minas Geraes; Manaos, State of Amazonas, Brazil (Peryassu) ;
Buenos Aires, Argentina (Brethes).

Uranotcenia geometrica varies locally in the amount of white marking on the
hind tarsi. In the Mexican specimens there is only the extreme tip of the third
joint white ; three females from Mexico have a black spot on the fourth tarsal
joint towards its base. The color of the metallic scales varies in different speci-
mens from a brilliant violet blue to a greenish blue.

URANOTJENIA CALOSOMATA Dyar & Knab.

Uranotcenia calosomata Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 200, 1907.
Uranotcenia calosomata Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., lii, 61, 1908.
Uranotcenia calosomata Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 518, 1910.

Obiginal Description of Uranotcenia calosomata:

Proboscis moderately long and slender, slightly enlarged apically; clypeus and
tori dull brown; occiput brown scaled with two oblique lines of white scales, which
converge upon the vertex and terminate in a white tuft; thorax deep brown, on the

URAN0T2ENTA CALOSOMATA

923

lateral margin a line of white scales to the base of the wing; pleura brown with a
longitudinal stripe of white scales extending forward over the prothoracic lobe and
joining the stripe on the head; metanotum brown. Abdomen black scaled at the
sides, above clothed with ochreous yellow dull metallic scales, leaving a narrow
black line at the base of each segment, becoming broader on the terminal segments,
and a sub-basal median black spot; beneath with black vestiture and apical white
bands, which are broadest on the centers of the segments. Legs black with bronzy
and brassy luster, the apices of the femora white; on the hind legs the dilated apices
of the tibiae have a patch of white scales; hind tarsi with the third, fourth and fifth
joints white with metallic luster. Wings heavily dark-brown scaled on the costa,
the basal third of the first vein white scaled, the two forked cells small but broad,
the second posterior cell slightly longer than the second marginal cell.
Length, 2.5 mm.

Five specimens, Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama (August Busck, collector), bred
from larvae in prints of horses' feet containing water.
Type— No. 10866, U. S. National Museum.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Uranot^nia calosomata :

Female. — Proboscis rather long and slender, distinctly enlarged towards tip ;
labellas small, conical, luteous ; vestiture of brownish-black scales. Palpi small,
slender, about twice as long as the clypeus, clothed with dull brownish scales
and with a few coarse seta?. Antenna? filiform, long, the joints subequal, rugose,
coarsely pilose, brown ; hairs of whorls sparse, moderate, black ; tori subspherical,
with a cup-shaped apical excavation, blackish-brown. Clypeus small but promi-
nent, rounded triangular, convex, depressed at base, dark brown, nude. Eyes
black. Occiput clothed with broad, flat, dull black scales and with very narrow
erect black scales, a row of broad, flat white scales along margins of eyes ; a tuft
of very long and narrow white scales projecting forward between eyes ; cheeks
white scaled ; bristles along margins of eyes long, coarse, black.

Prothoracic lobes elliptical, remote dorsally, with an oblique line of very
broad white scales and some coarse black bristles. Mesonotum dark brown;
sparsely clothed with small bronzy-brown hair-like scales which are denser in
three longitudinal stripes on the disk separated by two narrow bare stripes, a
marginal line of very broad silvery-white scales on anterior edge and along
lateral margins to the roots of wings ; bristles long and coarse, dark brown ;
pleura dark brown, a narrow line of very broad silvery-white scales cross
middle to base of abdomen in continuation of white line on the head and across
prothoracic lobe, a few coarse blackish bristles ; coxa? brownish luteous. Scu-
tellum with the mid lobe prominent, dark brown, each lobe with a few long
black bristles, the mid lobe with some minute dark scales. Postnotum elliptical,
prominent, dark brown, nude.

Abdomen subcylindrical, dorsally flattened, truncate at tip; dorsal vestiture
of small, dense flat scales, metallic pale ochraceous, a very narrow line of black-
ish ones at base of each segment, widening into a series of triangular spots at
centers of segments ; sides broadly black scaled ; venter metallic dirty yellowish-
white scaled ; ciliation coarse and rather abundant beneath towards apex.

Wings rather narrow, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell about three
times as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell nearly twice as long as its
cell ; basul cross-vein distant more than its own length from anterior cross-vein ;
scales on costa blackish brown, basal third of first vein clothed with clear white
scales; veins with very small brown scales, outstanding scales on second, third,
and forks of fourth veins large and broadly lanceolate. Halteres whitish, with
black knobs.

Legs rather long and slender; vestiture dark brown with a bronzy reflection
and marked with white ; femora whitish beneath at base, tips of femora and tips
of hind tibiae narrowly silvery- white ; hind tarsi with the last three joints

924

MOSQUITOES OP NORTH AMERICA

silvery- white ; front and mid tarsi with a brassy luster, particularly apically.
Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 2 mm. ; wing 2.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, long and enlarged towards apex. Palpi short,
almost hidden by the clypeus. Antennae plumose, rather long, the last two
joints long and slender, brown, with long ciliation, the others much shorter,
with large basal whorl and small whorl medianly; hairs of basal whorls very
long, those of median ones short and sparser. Coloration as in the female.
Abdomen more elongate than in the female; ciliation coarse, rather sparse,
irregular, yellowish. Wings hardly narrower than in the female; venation
about the same; scales along the veins larger and paler. Claw formula, 0.0-
0-0.0.

Length : Body about 1.6 mm. ; wing 1.8 mm.

Genitalia (plate 38, fig. 253) : Side-pieces about twice as long as wide, tips
conically tapered; basal lobes conical, similar in shape to side-pieces, setose at
tips. Clasp-filament stout, expanded outwardly, excavated subapically, with a
minute terminal tooth and articulated spine. False harpes slender, rod-like.
False harpagones divided into a number of portions, the inner one furcate, the
others forming loops and angles.

Larva, Stage IV. — Head elongate, broadly elliptical, widest through eyes,
front margin arcuate, the clypeus emarginate and with stout prominent spines ;
antennae small, moderately stout, nearly smooth, with a single hair near base;
upper and lower pairs of dorsal head-hairs single, thickened, but rather slender,
secondary pair well developed, double, ante-antennal tufts multiple. Air-tube
subcylindrical, about four times as long as wide, slightly tapered on outer half,
pecten reaching nearly to middle, of fine, closely-set, evenly spaced teeth, fol-
lowed by a large multiple hair-tuft. A large lateral plate on eighth segment,
with comb of nine pointed stout teeth on its posterior margin. Anal segment
ringed by the plate which is spinose along posterior margin ; dorsal tufts of five
long hairs on each side ; lateral tuft small, multiple ; ventral brush of few and
sparse rays, confined to the barred area; anal gills four, equal, very slender,
about as long as the segment.

Mr. Busck says : " It was bred from deep hoof-prints in a swampy meadow.
The larvae are very elongate, with reddish body, deep black head, and com-
paratively short tube; they are easily overlooked, as they go down at the least
disturbance and remain at the bottom for a long time, burrowing in the mud."

Panama.

Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May 2, 1907 (A. Busck).

The imago varies in the amount of white scaling on the basal part of the first
vein of the wings ; in the type series before us the white occupies from about one-
fourth to nearly one-half the length of the vein.

URANOTiENIA TYPHLOSOMATA Dyar & Knab.

Vranotcenia typhlosomata Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 200, 1907.
Uranotcenia typhlosomata Busck, Smith. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., Hi, 62, 1908.
Uranotwnia typhlosomata Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 505, 1910.

Original Description of Uranotjenia typhlosomata:

{J. — Proboscis long and slender, much swollen at the apex, black scaled; an-
tennae amply plumose; palpi very short, black scaled; occiput black scaled, the mar-
gins of the eyes broadly bluish-white scaled; mesonotum brown, with minute dark-
brown scales; scutellum with metallic-blue scales, the setae long, black; in front
of the roots of the wings is a short stripe of silvery-blue scales and a similar blue
stripe extending over the anterior half of the pleura and over the prothoracic
lobes; metanotum dark brown; abdomen depressed, black scaled above and at the
sides; legs black with bronzy luster, the knees with a minute silvery spot and at

TJRANOTiENIA TYPHLOSOMATA

925

the apices of the hind tibiae another; on the hind tarsi the apical three fifths of
the third and all of the fourth and fifth joints silvery white; wings black scaled
along the costa, brown scaled on the veins, the base of the first vein with a patch
of silvery scales, the fifth vein with a line of silvery scales close to the base. Length,
2 mm.

One specimen, Taboga Island, Panama (A. H. Jennings, collector), bred from
larvae from pool in a small stream.

Type. — No. 10918, U. S. National Museum.

In the single specimen the thorax is somewhat denuded and it is possible that
there may be a blue spot before the antescutellar space.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Uranot^nia typhlosojiata:

Female. — Proboscis moderately long, slender basally, gradually expanded to
tip; labellae small, conical, with a few outstanding setae; vestiture blackish-
brown. Palpi very small, about twice as long as the clypeus, blackish-brown
scaled and with some coarse dark bristles. Antennae filiform, long, the joints
subequal, rugose, brown, with very long pile ; hairs of whorls sparse, moderate,
black ; tori rather small, subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, dark
brown. Clypeus prominent, rounded triangular, convex, constricted at base,
dark brown, nude. Eyes black. Occiput densely clothed with elliptical flat
scales, black with a blue reflection, a few upright forked black ones, cheeks and
a broad border along the eyes of broad white scales with a blue reflection ; setaa
along margins of eyes coarse, black, a pair projecting forward between eyes.

Prothoracic lobes prominent, well separated dorsally, clothed with brown
scales and with a broad oblique stripe of broad bluish-white ones across the
middle. Mesonotum dark brown and with indistinct large blackish-brown spots
over roots of wings and on antescutellar space; sparsely clothed with small
bronzy-brown hair-like scales, at sides a short row of broadly ovate white scales
with bluish-silvery luster, from roots of wings halfway to anterior angles;
bristles coarse and long, black. Scutellum dark brown, the mid lobe prominent,
clothed with small blackish scales, each lobe with a few coarse black bristles.
Pleurae luteous-brown with a large dark brown median spot, an oblique narrow
stripe of elliptical white scales continuing that on prothoracic lobes and ex-
tending to base of abdomen. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown,
nude.

Abdomen short, subcylindrical, dorsally depressed, broadly truncate at tip;
dorsal vestiture brownish-black with a metallic blue or bronzy reflection; venter
dull greyish-white scaled; ciliation coarse and rather abundant, pale brownish.

Wings rather broad, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell over twice as
long as its cell, that of second posterior cell distinctly longer than its cell ;
basal cross-vein distant nearly twice its own length from anterior cross- vein ;
veins with small pale-brown scales, those on costa and first vein blackish with
a blue reflection, a few outstanding, large, broadly elliptical, very pale scales
on second, third, and forks of fourth veins; a short line of broadly elliptical
silvery-white scales at base of fourth and continued by a longer line of similar
scales on fifth vein over its basal third. Halteres whitish, with black knobs.

Legs rather long and slender ; vestiture brownish-black with a blue or bronzy
reflection ; femora whitish beneath ; hind tarsi with apical two-thirds of third,
all of fourth and fifth joints white. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 2.2 mm. ; wing 2.4 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, moderately long, slender basally, distinctly en-
larged towards apex. Palpi very short, projecting slightly beyond clypeus.
Antennas plumose, rather long, the last two joints long and slender, rugose,
brown, with long pile, the other joints shorter, elongate, subcylindrical, brown,
with black rings at insertions of hair-whorls ; a basal whorl of very long brown

926

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

hairs and a median one of small hairs. Coloration as in the female. Abdomen
subcylindrical, more elongate than in the female, with many coarse yellowish
bristles distally. Wings narrower than in the female, the stems of fork-cells
longer, vestiture about the same. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0 ; one claw of the
mid legs very large, the other minute, setiform.
Length : Body about 2 mm. ; wing 2 mm.

Genitalia (plate 38, fig. 254) : Side-pieces about twice as long as wide,
conically tapered, basal lobe small, setose. Clasp-filament nearly as long as the
side-piece, stout, thickened above the middle, with a minute terminal claw.
False harpes slender, concave, margins slightly recurved, tip pointed. False
harpagones with a broad triangular base, shaft slender, recurved, divided into
a number of slender lamellae.

Larva, Stage IV. — Head elongate, elliptical, bulging at eyes, front arcuate ;
clypeus medianly emarginate and with a pair of stout prominent spines; an-
tennae small and stout, with coarse spines, a single hair near base ; both pairs
of dorsal head-hairs single, stout, spine-like; ante-antennal tufts multiple.
Lateral hairs of first and second abdominal segments long and stout, on succeed-
ing segments fine, short and multiple ; subdorsal hairs in ample tufts. Air-tube
subcylindrical, about five times as long as wide, slightly tapered ; pecten of
about sixteen rather long, sharp, evenly spaced teeth reaching nearly to middle,
closely followed by a large multiple tuft. Lateral plate of eighth segment large,
with comb of eleven or twelve stout sharp teeth along posterior margin. Anal
segment with a chitinous ring, spinose along its posterior border; dorsal tufts
of five long hairs on each side ; lateral tuft small, multiple ; ventral brush long
but of few hairs, confined to barred area; anal gills four, equal, moderate, not
as long as anal segment, pointed.

Mr. Jennings found the larvae in a still pool in a small stream and in holes
along this stream, which were more or less open crevices under rocks, inhabited
by crabs, about a quarter of a mile from the beach, at a good elevation. The
adult mosquitoes were hiding in large crevices among the rocks in the immediate
vicinity of the holes. The water was fresh.

Panama.

Taboga Island, Panama Bay, April 27, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Caldera
Island, Porto Bello Bay, January 3, 1908 (A. H. Jennings).

A good series of Uranotcenia typhlosomata before us shows that the imaginal
coloration is constant and agrees with the type; there are no bluish scales on the
disk of the mesonotum.

URANOTJENIA ANHYDOR Dyar.
Uranotwnia anhydor Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxii, 128, 1907.
Original Description of Uranotwnia anyhdor:

A single larva was collected in a swamp full of reeds at Sweetwater Junction,
near San Diego, which died before reaching home. Mr. Caudell and I made a special
trip to the swamp later to get more larvae, but it had gone dry, leaving little
puddles of dying fish and a great quantity of Anopheles larvae, all of which no doubt
died within twenty-four hours.

Larva. — Head rounded, scarcely longer than wide, neck circular, the occiput
oblique, roundedly angled at the side, then nearly straight, the front margin
broadly, squarely truncate; labrum deeply excavate each side of the middle, form-
ing a triangular horn-like prominence in the middle and one on each side, midway
between the central one and the antennae. Eyes large, semicircular, transverse;
two approximate multiple hair tufts above and within the eye, another on the lower
part of the front on each side; a large multiple tuft about base of antennae. No
trace of the usual thick, club-like hairs; if they are broken, the insertions are not
visible. Antennae small, not exceeding the mouth brush, conically tapered on basal
two-thirds, a few spines within, a single hair at about the basal third ; four terminal
digits, all along and pointed, nearly equal. Deep brown, nearly black, lighter at the
margins of the eyes. Thorax nearly circular in outline, flattened; a minute double

MEGARHINUS

927

prothoracic subdorsal tuft, a larger lateral 2-haired tuft from a tubercle and a sub-
ventral tuft; mesothorax with a minute multiple subdorsal tuft in the disk, a large
lateral one from a small, thorn-shaped tubercle and a large subventral tuft; meta-
thorax with the subdorsal tuft many-haired and long but very fine, lateral tuft with
four feathered hairs and a simple one from a thorn-like tubercle. Abdomen sub-
moniliform, rather slender; a single long lateral hair on the first segment, two on
the second, from large tubercles, the subdorsal hairs fine and stellate; on segments
3 to 8, the hairs are fine, in substellate bunches, but long, as long or longer than the
diameter of the body, both subdorsal and lateral. Lateral comb of the 8th segment
an irregularly quadrangular plate, reaching near the dorsal line, the nine short
teeth set on its posterior edge on the lower two-thirds, thorn shaped, with fine
lateral feathering; a single hair and two tufts behind the plate, the upper with a
large tubercle. Air tube straight and not tapered, four times as long as wide, light
brown, with a narrow black basal ring; a single tuft slightly before the middle,
from a raised tubercle, just beyond the pecten, which has 16 teeth, broad, finely
feathered, pallid. Anal segment ringed by the plate, about as long as wide, the
chitinous ring excavated below to admit the short ventral brush; the brush has few
tufts and is surrounded by a narrow chitinous band which joins the ring on the
ventral line; a fringe of fine spines on the posterior edge of the plate. Dorsal tuft,
a group of long hairs on each side. Anal gills small, slender, about as long as the
segment, apparently four in number.
Type— Cat. No. 10010, U. S. N. M.

Description of Larva of Uranot^enia aniiydor (For Description of Female, Male,
and Pupa see Appendix, Page 1041) :

Larva, Stage IV. — Head elongate, elliptical, bulging at eyes; front promi-
nent, the clypeus large, with a median emargination and a short stout spine on
either side of it; antenna? rather small, subcylindrical, slightly thickened
basally, scarcely spinous, with a single hair near base; dorsal head-hairs not
thickened, the upper pair a tuft of three fine hairs, the lower pair a single coarse
long hair; lesser lower tufts in fours, short; ante-antennal tufts multiple, well
developed. Lateral abdominal hairs long and coarse on first and second seg-
ments, fine, multiple and short on the succeeding ones ; subdorsal series in tufts.
Air-tube about five times as long as wide, scarcely tapered; pecten of fifteen
evenly spaced spines not reaching middle of tube, followed at middle by a large
multiple hair-tuft. Lateral plate of eighth segment with an angular projection
below and comb of nine sharp teeth on its posterior border, those near the
center longer than the others. Anal segment longer than wide, ringed by the
chitinous plate, which is spinose along its posterior margin; dorsal tufts of
three long hairs on each side; ventral brush long but sparse, confined to the
barred area ; anal gills four, equal, very slender, not as long as anal segment.

A single larva was obtained in a swamp full of reeds, associated with
Anopheles occidentalis, Anopheles pseudopunctipcnnis, Culex tarsalis, and
Culex erythrothorax.

Southern California.

Sweetwater Junction, June 2, 190G (Dyar and Caudell).

Group MEGARHININES.

Genus MEGARHINUS Robineau-Desvoidy.

Megarhinus Robineau-Desvoidy, Mem. Soc. d'Hist. nat., iii, 403, 412, 1827.
Megarhinus Latreille in Cuvier, Regne Anim., 2 ed., v, 439, 1829.
Megarhinus Latreille, Les Crustac, Arachn. et Ins., ii, 439, 1829.
Culex Macquart, Hist. Nat. Ins., Dipt., i, 33, 1834.
Megarhina Macquart, Dipt. Exot, i, 1, 32, 1838.
Megarhina Walker, List Dipt. Brit. Mus., i, 1, 1848.
Megarhina Osten Sacken, Smiths. Misc. Colls., xvi, 1, 1858.
Megarrhina Osten Sacken, Smiths. Misc. Colls., xvi, 2 ed., 18, 1878.
Megarrhina Skuse, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, 2 Ser., iii, 1720, 1889.
Megarhina Lynch Arribalzaga, Rev. Mus. de la Plata, i, 372, 375, 1891.
Megarrhina Townsend, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xix, 149, 1892.

928

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Megarhina Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 119, 1900.
Megarhinus Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., iv, 234, 1901.

Toxorhynchites Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., iv, 234, 1901 (without species).
Toxorhynchites Howard, Mosquitoes, 155, 235, 240, 1901.
Megarhinus Howard, Mosquitoes, 235, 240, 1901.
Megarhinus Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 215, 1901.
Toxorhynchites Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 244, 1901.

Megarhina and Toxorhynchites Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 265, 278, 1902.
Megarhinus and Toxorhynchites Neveu-Lemaire, Mem. Soc. Zool. Prance, xv, 206,
207, 1902.

Megarhinus and Toxorhynchites Neveu-Lemaire, C. R. Soc. Biol. Paris, liv, 1330,
1902.

Megarhinus and Toxorhynchites Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 113, 119, 1903.
Ankylorhynchus Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 53, 65, 1904.
Megarhinus Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 53, 64, 1904.
Lynchiella Lahille, Act. y Trab. 2 Congr. Med. Latino-Americano, ii, 13, 1904.
Megarhinus and Toxorhynchites Blanchard, Les Moust, 220, 229, 1905.
Ancylorhynchus Blanchard, Les Moust, 626, 1905.
Megarhinus Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 45, 46, 1905.
Megarhinus Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt, 26n,e fasc, 12, 1905.
Toxorhynchites Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt., fasc, 26, 13, 1905.
Worcesteria Banks, Philippine Journ. Set, i, 779, 1906.
Megarhinus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 178, 1906.
Megarhinus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 14, 1906.
Megarhinus Dyar & Knab, Smithson. Misc. Coll., quart, iss., xlviii, 241, 1906.
Megarhinus Howard, Osier's Modern Medicine, i, 372, 1907.
Megarhinus Autran, Anal. Dep. Nac. Hig., xiv, 9, 1907.

Megarhinus, Ankylorhynchus and Toxorhynchites Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 126-127,
1907.

Megarhinus Dyar & Knab, Can. Ent, xxxix, 48, 1907.

Megarhinus and Ankylorhynchus Peryassu, Os Culic. do Brazil, 33, 1908.

Megarhinus Williston, Man. No. Am. Dipt, 3 ed., 107, 1908.

Megarhinus Leicester, Stud. Inst. Med. Res., Fed. Malay Sts., iii, pt 3, 48, 1908.

Teromyia Leicester, Stud. Inst. Med. Res., Fed. Malay Sts., iii, pt. 3, 48, 49, 1908.

Toxorhynchites Leicester, Stud. Inst. Med. Res., Fed. Malay Sts., iii, pt. 3, 48, 59, 1908.

Megarhinus, Ankylorhynchus and Toxorhynchites Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 88, 1910.

Worcesteria Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 110, 1910.

Toxorhynchites Edwards, Bull. Ent. Res., iii, 2, 1912.

The type species are: Of Megarhinus Bobineau-Desvoidy, Culex hcemor-
rhoidalis Fabricius ; of Toxorhynchites Howard, Megarhinus rutila Coquillett ;
of Toxorhynchites Theobald, Toxorhynchites brevipalpis Theobald ; of Ankylor-
hynchus Lutz, Culex violaceus Wiedemann; of Lynchiella Lahille, Culex
hmmorrhoidalis Fabricius; of Worcesteria Banks, Worcesteria grata Banks;
of Teromyia Leicester, Teromyia acaudata Leicester.

Generic Diagnosis of Adult:

Proboscis rather long, tapering to a fine apex, rigid, curved downward. Palpi
in the male long and acuminate, upcurved ; in the female of different lengths in dif-
ferent species, long and stout in the American species, shorter in the Old World
species, in a few American species similar to those of the male. Antenna filiform
in the female, delicate, the joints subequal, the second longer and thickened, with
median hair-whorl, the other joints with basal whorls of moderately long sparse
hairs, interrupted on side towards palpi; densely plumose in the male, the shaft
stout and rigid, with the second joint long and stout and the last two joints long and
slender. Eyes contiguous above and beneath in both sexes. Prothoracic lobes
prominent but well separated. Mesonotum without seta? on the disk. Scutellum
collar-like, not lobed. Postnotum nude. Abdomen subcylindrical in the female,
rather obtusely tapered at the tip; more elongate in the male, expanded and de-
pressed towards the apex. Wings narrow; second marginal cell very short; second
posterior cell much shorter than its petiole. Legs rather long, slender, the claws
simple in the female, toothed and unequal in the male. The species are large and
are remarkable for the brilliant metallic colors of their scale covering. Some species
have tufts of long modified scales at the sides of the last two or three abdominal
segments.

MEGARHINUS

929

Generic Diagnosis of Larva:

Head rounded subquadrate, slightly longer than wide, not widened laterally, pro-
duced in front into two stout conical lobes which bear the mouth-brushes; eyes
inconspicuous. Antennas small, slender, smooth, the small hair tuft situated near
the tip. Mouth parts modified for the predaceous habit; mouth brushes a series of
ten large chitinous lamellae, hooked at the ends, inserted beneath apices of anterior
lobes and folded together; mandibles dentate; maxilla? broadly quadrate. Thorax
flattened, circular, the lateral hairs few, short, thick and inserted on chitinous
tubercles. Abdominal segments laterally angularly expanded, with abundant hairs,
the lateral tufts inserted on small chitinous plates. No lateral comb on the eighth
segment, but a chitinous plate. Air tube moderate or short, smooth, without pecten,
a single pair of hair tufts situated towards the base. Anal segment short, ringed by
a chitinous band with posterior fringe of spines; ventral brush well developed, con-
fined to barred area. Anal gills generally very short and equal. Some of the body
hairs very much thickened and spinulose. The color of the body is more or less of a
dull dark crimson. In some species the skin shows iridescent colors.

Tropics of both hemispheres, particularly in forested regions. In North
America one species penetrates northward along the Atlantic coast and up the
Mississippi valley.

There are three divisions of the genus of perhaps subgeneric value indicated
by differences in the palpi of the female and conditioned by geographical areas.
Megarhinus proper, with the palpi of the female long and blunt, inhabits
America, being best developed in the tropics and giving rise to Ankylorhynchus,
which has the palpi long and acuminate in both sexes, in the southern part of
that area ; Worcesteria, with the palpi of the female short, is the Old World
development, well represented in the Indo-Australian region.

Tbe species were at first included under Culex, but very early recognized as
distinct, the term Megarhinus being proposed by Robineau-Desvoidy as early
as 1827. Practically all subsequent authors have accepted this genus, which has
only lately been divided on differences in the palpi in one or the other sex,
Theobald proposing Toxorhynchites in 1901 for Old World forms with the palpi
of the female short and Lutz proposing Ankylorhynchus in 1904 for South
American forms with the palpi of the female acuminate, as in the male. Theo-
bald intended Toxorhynchites for the Old World species, but Howard first pub-
lished the name, mentioning only the American Megarhinus rutila Coquillett,
which thus becomes the type and makes the name strictly synonymous with
Megarhinus. The use of Toxorhynchites by Theobald and others for the Old
World species is therefore erroneous. If it be desired to designate the forms
with short palpi by a separate name, Worcesteria Banks is available. These
divisions are based on too trifling characters to be recognized as valid genera,
and the names can only be recognized for subgeneric groups. The genus is a
decidedly specialized one. It was raised to subfamily rank, by Theobald in
1901 (Mon. Culic, i, 215), a course unquestioningly adopted by most subse-
quent authors. Later, the genus Toxorhynchites was independently made a
separate subfamily by Lahille in 1904 (Toxorhynchina, Actas y Trab. 2 Congr.
Latino-Amer., ii, 11, 16) and Theobald in 1905 (Toxorhynchitinae, Gen. Ins.,
Dipt. 26 fasc, 13) . Furthermore the names Ankylorhynchae and Megarhininae
were introduced by Lutz (Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 53, 1904) and Lynchiel-
lina by'Lahille (Actas y Trab. 2 Congr. Med. Latino-Amer., ii, 11, 13, 1904).
These names are only a transitory expression of the general over-valuation of
characters in the Culicidse, which has arisen in the minds of uncritical writers
following the remarkable attention that these insects have received since their
role in the transmission of disease has been discovered.

The species of Megarhinus are, so far as known, exclusively predaceous in the
larval state. They inhabit water in hollow trees, broken bamboos or leaves of
bromeliaceous plants and feed upon the larvae of such other species of mosquitoes

930

MOSQUITOES OF NOETH AMERICA

as inhabit these situations. The proboscis sheath of the imago is strongly
ehitinized and the mouth-parts are therefore unfit for piercing. Neither larva?
nor adults are closely allied to any of the other genera, but in many points come
nearest to the genus Orthopodomyia. It is a curious fact that it is the larvae of
the species of Orthopodomyia that are the principal food of the Megarhinus
larvae, perhaps the exclusive food of the more generalized species, the ones inhab-
iting hollow trees. We are inclined to think that they are actually related, the
Megarhini having been derived from Orthopodomyia-like ancestors, rather than
that they resemble them from convergence due to sharing the same habitat. The
reason is that there are several other exclusively tree-inhabiting forms that do
not possess the characters that the Megarhinus and Orthopodomyia larvae share
in common. In fact this derivation implies a lesser break in the evolution, sup-
posing some originally tree-inhabiting Orthopodomyia to have acquired the pre-
daceous habit against another species in the same habitat, than that some species
not addicted to trees should invade this domain.

Agassiz and Scudder cite the date 1825 for the tipulid genus Megarhina of
Le Pelletiere de Saint Fargeau and Serville (Encycl. Meth., X, pt. 2, 585),
which, if correct, would invalidate Megarhinus Robineau-Desvoidy as used
here. The true date, however, is 1828 and in fact a note in the Encyclopedic
Methodique asserts that Desvoidy's name has precedence. This permits us to
use the name in the present sense.

The eggs are laid singly, floating on the surface of the water. E. E. Green
in Ceylon has come the nearest of any author to observing oviposition. He
says (in the case of M. immisericors Walker) : " The actual operation of egg-
laying was not seen, but the female was observed jerking itself up and down
in the air just above the water, and it seems probable that the eggs were shed
at that time" (Spolia Zeylanica, ii, 160, 1905). A. D. Hopkins discovered a
number of eggs on the surface of water in a rain-barrel (in the case of M.
septentrionalis Dyar & Knab, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 4, 1905). The eggs
are covered with coarse irregular spinose tubercles which entangle air and enable
the egg to float. Green describes the eggs (of M. immisericors) as roundedly
elliptical, uniformly spinous; Goeldi describes them (M. hcemorrhoidalis Fab.)
as much elongate, fusiform, irregularly truncate at one end, densely granular
for only two-thirds of the surface toward the pointed pole (Os Mosquitos no
Para, p. 124, pi. N. figs. 114-117, 1905) . It seems, however, that his description
and figures were made from collapsed egg-shells. Dr. Hopkins's specimens
before us appear to have been originally regularly rounded, though they are
much distorted in the preserved state and rolled up into an elongate shape such
as indicated by Goeldi.

The larvae are entirely predaceous in habit, feeding on the larvae of certain
other mosquitoes that with them inhabit water in holes in trees, broken bamboos,
at the leaf-bases of bromeliads and in similar situations. M. septentrionalis,
with which we are best acquainted, seems to be addicted to Orthopodomyia
signifer, though Aides triseriatus inhabits similar holes in the same region and
may be also a victim. The larvae will eat any mosquito larvae offered them and
even each other, but they seem to thrive best on the one species, and often fail
to be reared in captivity from the lack of the favorite food. Under favorable con-
ditions the larvae of some species also occur in water barrels and other wooden
receptacles and even in metallic ones. They are never found in any pools or
rain puddles on the ground. The prey is seized with great quickness and
swallowed alive as rapidly as possible, the struggles of the victim causing an
appearance of ferocious activity, like a dog shaking a rat. Green observes
that the larvae are dangerous to each other, and where more than one larva exists

TABLES OP MEGARHINTJS

931

in a location, only the strongest survives. Hibernation (where it is necessary
for climatic reasons) appears to take place in the last larval stage.

The adults fly by day, as indeed their brilliant colors would seem to imply,
and are strictly sylvan. There is a diversity of opinion about their feeding
habits and some authors state that they suck blood. Green could not induce his
species to bite, but James is quoted as stating that they bite severely. These
observations must, however, be in error, as the females are incapable of biting,
their mouth-parts being adapted for sucking the juices of flowers only and not
for piercing the skin. This is evidenced by the peculiar tapering shape of the
proboscis, the heavily chitinized rigid sheath and its bent condition, adapted for
lapping, and seen in no other mosquito. The genus was in fact originally
founded on this character, which, as it represents a fundamental difference in
habit, was therefore a good generic character. Mr. Urich has observed both
sexes feeding upon the nectar of flowers and informs us that these otherwise
rare insects can always be found when sought on flowers.

The larvae must destroy enormous numbers of other mosquito larvre, but as
they attack principally species of no economic importance and are reckless and
wasteful in their habits by destroying each other, their value as beneficial species
is lessened. No observations have been made on the mating habits beyond the
fact that the males congregate upon certain bushes, apparently for sexual
purposes.

Tables of the Species,
adults, markings, and coloration.

1. Abdomen with latero-apical tufts 2

Abdomen without tufts 3

2. Abdomen with red tufts super ous Dyar & Knab (p. 932)

Abdomen with tufts whitish and black violaceus Wiedemann (p. 936)

3. Female with the last four front tarsal joints white, grandiosa Williston (p. 939)
Female with at least the last front tarsal joint dark 4

4. Mid and hind legs in part yellow, black at the joints; body green

longipes Theobald (p. 939)

Legs black, with or without white; body metallic blue 5

5. Male with white on front tarsi rutila Coquillett (p. 940)

Male with no white on the front tarsi 6

6. Male with white on one side of the mid tarsi 7

Male with no white on the mid tarsi 9

7. Male with white on third and fourth joints of mid tarsi and fourth joint of

hind tarsi 8

Male with white on second joint of mid tarsi and on fourth and fifth joints

of hind tarsi trinidadensis Dyar & Knab (p. 943)

8. Thorax with yellowish median and lateral stripes

septentrionalis Dyar & Knab (p. 94G)
Thorax with blue stripes moctezuma Dyar & Knab (p. 950)

9. Male with no white on the legs guadeloupcnsis Dyar & Knab (p. 954)

Male with white on the fourth joint of the hind tarsi 10

10. Male with the outer side of joints 4-5 of the hind tarsi white

hypoptes Knab (p. 956)

Male with the fourth joint white ringed, the fifth black

portoricensis von Roder (p. 958)

ADULTS, FEMALES ONLY.

1. Abdomen with red apical tufts superbus Dyar & Knab (p. 932)

Abdomen with tufts mostly black violaceus Wiedemann (p. 936)

Abdomen without tuf tings 2

2. All the tarsi white-marked 3

Mid and hind tarsi white-marked guadeloupensis Dyar & Knab (p. 954)

Hind tarsi only white-marked portoricensis von Rbder (p. 958)

3. Joints 2, 3 of front and mid tarsi white-marked 4

Joints 2, 3, 4 of front and mid tarsi white-marked 6

Joints 2, 3, 4, 5 of front and mid tarsi white-marked, grandiosa Williston (p. 939)

932

MOSQUITOES OP NORTH AMERICA

4. Thorax marked with contrasting colors 5

Thorax green-scaled on the disk trinidadensis Dyar & Knab (p. 943)

5. Thorax with yellowish median and lateral stripes

septentrionalis Dyar & Knab (p. 946)
Thoracic stripes blue 7

6. Abdomen beneath all golden longipes Theobald (p. 939)

Abdomen with blue median area beneath rutila Coquillett (p. 940)

7. Last two hind tarsal joints all white hypoptes Knab (p. 956)

Last hind tarsal joint partly black moctezuma Dyar & Knab (p. 950)

ADULTS, MALES ONLY.

1. Abdomen with red anal tufts superbus Dyar & Knab (p. 932)

Abdomen with black and yellowish anal tufts violaceus Wiedemann (p. 936)

Abdomen without tuf tings 2

2. All tarsi without any white guadeloupensis Dyar & Knab (p. 954)

Some or all of the tarsi white-marked 3

3. All of the tarsi white-marked rutila Coquillett (p. 940)

Mid and hind tarsi white-marked 4

Hind tarsi only white-marked 6

4. Joint 4 only of hind tarsi white 5

Joints 4 and 5 of hind tarsi white trinidadensis Dyar & Knab (p. 943)

5. Thorax with yellowish median and lateral stripes

septentrionalis Dyar & Knab (p. 946)
Thoracic stripes blue moctezuma Dyar & Knab (p. 950)

6. Hind tarsi white-marked on one side only hypoptes Knab (p. 956)

Hind tarsi white-marked all around portoricensis von Roder (p. 958)

ADULTS, MALE GENITALIA.

1. Basal lobes small, approximate, with a deep emargination between

superbus Dyar & Knab (p. 935)
Basal lobes large, remote, with a straight or at most shallowly emarginate

connection between 2

2. Clasp filament long; unci long, produced to slender points, dentate within

{portoricensis von Roder (p. 961)
trinidadensis Dyar & Knab (p. 945)
guadeloupensis Dyar & Knab (p. 955)
hypoptes Knab (p. 958)
Clasp filament shorter; unci shorter and stouter

C septentrionalis Dyar & Knab (p. 949)
i rutila Coquillett (p. 942)
{moctezuma Dyar & Knab (p. 953)

We possess no male specimens of violaceus Wiedemann, grandiosa Williston,
and longipes Theobald.

TABLE OF THE LARV/E.

1. Integument of body showing iridescent colors violaceus Wiedemann (p. 938)

Integument of body without iridescence 2

2. Chitinous parts yellow superbus Dyar & Knab (p. 935)

Chitinous parts deep brown

The following species are so similar that we are unable to give any safe
characters for their separation: septentrionalis Dyar & Knab (p. 949) ; mocte-
zuma Dyar & Knab (p. 953) ; portoricensis von Eoder (p. 961) ; guadelou-
pensis Dyar & Knab (p. 955) ; trinidadensis Dyar & Knab (p. 945) ; hypoptes
Knab (p. 958).

The larva? of grandiosa Williston, longipes Theobald, and rutila Coquillett
are unknown.

MEGARHINUS SUPERBUS Dyar & Knab.

Megarrhina hmmorrhoidalis Osten Sacken (in part, not Fabricius), Cat. Dipt. N.

Amer., 2 ed., Smiths. Misc. Colls., xvi (No. 270), 18, 1879.
Megarrhina hwmorrhoidalis Williston (not Fabricius), Biol. Cent. Amer., Dipt, i,

224, 1901.

Megarhinus hcemorrhoidalis Howard (not Fabricius), Mosquitoes, 152, 240, 1901.
Megarhinus violaceus Dyar & Knab (not Wiedemann), Journ. N. Y. Bnt. Soc, xiv
178, 179, 1906.

Megarhinus violaceus Coquillett (not Wiedemann), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech.
Ser. No. 11, 14, 1906.

MEGARHINUS SUPERBUS

933

Megarhinus superbus Dyar & Knab, Smithson. Misc. Coll., quart, iss., xlviii, 247, 248,
255, 1906.

Megarhinus superbus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 12, 1907.
Megarhinus superbus Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., Hi, 60, 1908.
Megarhinus hwrnorrhoidalis Pazos (in part, not Fabricius), San. y Benef., ii, 46, 185,
1909.

Megarhinus hamorrhoidalis Theobald (in part, not Fabricius), Mon. Culic, v, 92,
1910.

Megarhinus superbus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 602, 1910.
Megarhinus superbus Knab, Psyche, xviii, 82, 1911.

Megarhinus superbus Picado, Bull. Scient. France et Belg., 7 Ser., xlvii, 296, 1913.
Original Description of Megarhinus supekbus :

Male— Head metallic blue and green with scattered coppery scales. Antennae
densely plumose; second segment as long as the following three and slightly thicker,
its crest densely clothed with coarse, erect blue and golden scales. Palpi metallic —
part violet-blue and coppery red, all but the last golden beneath. Third and fourth
segments of equal length, the second slightly shorter, the fifth as long as the third
and fourth together.

Prothoracic lobes bright blue. Mesothorax denuded on the disc, the remaining
scales, particularly towards the sides and behind, golden-green and olivaceous, the
extreme lateral margins bright blue; hind margin bright green. Patches over the
roots of the wings brilliant blue. Scutellum silvery blue. Pleurae and coxae silvery
white. Abdomen: first segment silvery, a patch of blue in the middle; second
segment green, the following ones steel blue and purple to deep golden; the gold
begins on the fourth segment and is diffused over the entire surface of the much
dilated sixth and seventh segments; eighth segment violet; genitalia covered with
deep blue scales. Sixth segment with a few reddish hairs at the hind angles;
seventh and eighth segments with lateral fringes of brilliant red hairs, particularly
ample on the seventh segment; the preceding segments with the usual scattered,
pale yellow, lateral hairs. Beneath golden along the sides, the median area steel
blue; eighth segment entirely blue. Legs steel blue and reddish purple. Femora
and hind tibiae golden beneath.

Female. — Coloration of head and thorax as in the male. Antennae: second seg-
ment 1% times as long as the third, hardly stouter, a small crest of erect scales on
the basal half. Palpi violet blue and coppery red, golden beneath; fourth segment
longer than second, third much longer than fourth.

Abdomen: first segment bright silvery at the sides, pale blue in the middle;
second segment green, the third blue and purple, the succeeding ones purplish red
and bright coppery— the latter shade predominating on the sixth, seventh and eighth
segments; front angles of segments 2-8 bright blue; hind angles of segments 2-6
broadly golden. No lateral tufts — a few red hairs at the sides of the seventh seg-
ment. Beneath entirely pale golden.

Legs steel blue and coppery red. Femora and hind tibiae golden beneath. On
the middle pair of legs the second tarsal segments is marked with silvery blue on
the inside, visible only in certain positions.

Length, 4-6 mm.

Type No. 9957, U. S. N. M.

Localities: Trinidad (F. W. Urich), Frontera, State of Tabasco, Mexico (Town-
send).

2 <■?, 1 $. The Mexican specimen, a male, shows, none of the golden scales on the
abdomen which is mostly blue and purple. In the other specimen the golden scales
have the appearance of being loosely attached and easily rubbed off. Mr. Urich's
two specimens were bred from Bromelias, where the larvae prey on those of
Wyeomyia. The male was but recently received. The female formed the basis for
Mr. Coquillett's diagnosis of M. violaceus and we have characterized the larva
under that name.

It is evident that the three male specimens reported from Atoyac in the state
of Vera'Cruz (Mexico) by Williston, and doubtfully referred by him to hwmorrhoi-
dalis, belong to the present species. His criticism of Wiedemann's description of
Kccmorrhoidalis and his statement that the red hairs of the tuft " are confined to
the tip of the sixth and the sides of the seventh segments " proves this beyond a
doubt.

Description of Female, Male, and Labva of Megarhinus supebbus:

Female. — Proboscis curved, tapering gradually to tip; vestiture dark with
iridescent reflection. Palpi long, about two-thirds the length of the proboscis ;
terminal joint minute, outer part of long joint nearly half as long again as

934

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

basal part, penultimate joint slightly shorter than outer part of long joint and
with stout apical bristles; vestiture black, the scales showing bright blue and
violet reflections, the tip, the constriction of the long joint and its apex pale
violet; beneath covered with coarse brassy scales. Antenna? filiform, delicate,
shorter than the palpi, the joints subequal, the second longer and thickened,
with dorsal crest of erect scales on basal half; hairs of whorls moderate, sparse,
black ; tori small, black, with dense silvery gray pruinosity. Clypeus not promi-
nent, transverse, nearly quadrate, hardly produced at middle; black, covered
with silver-gray pruinosity. Occiput covered with appressed broad steel-blue
scales, ocular margins light violet-blue; cheeks and head beneath silver scaled.

Prothoracie lobes large and prominent, covered with broad brilliant blue
scales and bearing a few coarse black hairs. Mesonotum covered on the disk
with a mixture of green and bronze scales, lateral margins, particularly at bases
of wings, with brilliant light blue and and greenish scales ; hind margin bright
green scaled. Scutellum covered with brilliant pale-blue scales. Postnotum
deep brown, slightly pruinose, nude. Pleura and coxae brown, densely covered
with silvery-white scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical at base, beyond the second segment depressed and
much broadened with a trace of a median ridge ; dorsal vestiture of metallic
scales, those of first segment silvery at the sides, medianly light blue and green ;
second segment olive green, third green basally, blue apically, fourth blue
basally, violet apically, fifth, sixth and seventh segments violet with strong
coppery luster, eighth segment blue; the second to sixth segments bear lateral
apical silvery spots with a slight yellowish tinge, the spots on fourth, fifth, and
sixth segments very large and occupying outer third of segment; seventh seg-
ment with a pair of smaller sublateral silvery spots; seventh segment with
brilliant red tufts along apical two-thirds of lateral margins; venter silver
scaled with a slight brassy luster and a narrow dark blue median longitudinal
line.

Wings narrow ; basal cross-vein oblique, reaching fourth vein slightly beyond
anterior cross-vein ; costa blue and violet scaled, the veins with small sub-
truncate brown scales. Halteres stout at base, stem very slender below the knob ;
knob black, silver scaled above.

Legs deep blue and purple scaled ; middle pair with second and third tarsal
joints silver-blue scaled dorsally; all the femora brassy scaled beneath; hind
tibia? brassy scaled beneath. Claw small, formula 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 7 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis curved, tapering gradually to tip, slightly longer than in
the female. Palpi long, longer than the proboscis, long joint stout and nearly
two-fifths the length of entire palpus, about two-fifths from its base a marked
constriction, having the appearance of a true joint ; penultimate joint about
three-fifths the length of preceding one; last joint about as long as preceding,
slender, slightly curved and tapering to a point ; vestiture of dark metallic blue
and violet scales, false joint and apices of all but the last segment with pale
violet scales ; beneath all but the last joint brassy scaled except at the segmenta-
tions, where they are black. Antennas densely plumose ; second joint long and
stout, slightly compressed, nearly three times as long as succeeding one, with a
dorsal crest of broad erect metallic scales; succeeding joints short and stout,
gradually diminishing in size towards apex, the last two joints long and very
slender; tori moderate, black, with silvery-gray pruinosity. Clypeus rather
small, almost quadrate, produced into a pointed lobe at middle, black, covered
with silvery-gray pruinosity. Abdomen slender, subcylindrical, broadened
somewhat to the apex of sixth segment, fifth and succeeding segments de-
pressed ; dorsally the color of the vestiture passes from metallic green and blue

MEGARHINTJS SUPERBUS

935

through violet and purple to a brilliant coppery-bronze on sixth and seventh
segments, eighth segment deep blue, purple scaled in middle; apical half of
lateral margin of sixth segment and lateral margins of seventh and eighth
segments with a long fringe of brilliant red ciliate scales of silky luster; the
usual lateral hairs of abdomen present on the preceding segments but sparse
and very delicate ; claspers purple scaled, with a few coarse black hairs ; venter
golden scaled at sides, a median longitudinal stripe steel blue. Wings narrow,
with a smoky tinge along costal area ; basal cross-vein oblique, reaching fourth
vein just behind anterior cross-vein. Halteres stout at base, the knobs bearing
silvery scales. Legs dark blue and purple, the femora and hind tibiae brassy
beneath. Claw formula, 1.0-1.0-0.0.

Length : Body 7 to 8 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 37, fig. 247) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, much
tapered to tips, conically rounded ; a low conical basal lobe bearing setae similar
to those on side-pieces. Clasp-filament long and slender, as long as side-piece,
smooth, with a long articulated terminal spine. Harpes large, concave, margin
revolute, tips bent outward and pointed. Unci long, tapered to sharp points,
tips shortly recurved, basal part dentate within. Basal appendages small,
rounded, rather approximate, with a deep emargination between, each bearing
four setae.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 127, fig. 442). — Head subquadrate, longer than wide,
sides nearly straight, insertion of antennae rather prominent; front margin
deeply emarginate at middle, produced on each side of it into a large prominent
lobe. Antenna? cylindrical, slender, rather long, smooth ; three hairs separately
at outer third ; a terminal hair and two digits on pedicels. Mental plate broadly
trilobed and with irregular teeth ; central portion with a median tooth and four
on each side, lateral portions of five teeth, roundedly prominent. Mandible
rounded-quadrangular, small, but with very large dentition ; two numerously
divided filaments before tip ; a row of cilia from a collar overlapping the denti-
tion, which consists of five large teeth, third shorter than the others; a slight
irregularity below ; a row of long basal hairs. Maxilla quadrate, inner third
roundedly produced ; outer margin with long spines, inner ones on the pro-
longation curved outwardly; a long spine from a tubercle in middle of outer
portion; palpus long, with five minute apical digits. Thorax rounded, about
as wide as; long; lateral hairs short, very stout, the heaviest ones spinulose.
Abdomen stout, the segments angled at the sides, anterior ones narrow and
transverse; hairs abundant but not long. Skin pale; chitinized parts yellow.
Eighth segment with a large plate on the sides. Air-tube rather slender, slightly
tapered, over four times as long as wide ; a single tuft at basal fifth. Anal
segment as long as wide, ringed by the plate ; dorsal tufts of five long hairs on
each side ; ventral brush well developed, of coarse ciliate hairs, confined to barred
area ; anal gills very short.

The larvae live in the water held by the leaf-bases of epiphytic Bromeliacea?
and feed upon the other mosquito larvae in such situations. Mr. Knab found
them associated with Wyeomyia abebela, Culex rejector, and Culex stenolepis,
the Wyeomyia much in the minority, and again with larvae of Culex and Psy-
chodidae,'the Wyeomyia being absent, probably all devoured by the Megarhinus.
Mr. Busck found them feeding upon Wyeomyia circumcincta, while Wyeomyia
scotinomus and Culex je?iningsi were also present. The adults are diurnal and
feed upon the nectar of flowers. Mr. Busck saw specimens flying in the tree-
tops while he was collecting the larvae, and Dr. Wise has captured specimens on
the wing at 4 p. m. Mr. Urich has found both sexes feeding upon the nectar of
the flowers of Eupatorium odoratum during the middle of the day.

Forested regions of tropical America from southern Mexico to Guiana and
probably Brazil ; Cuba.

936

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Cordoba, Mexico, March 21, 1908 (F. Knab) ; Omealca, State of Vera Cruz,
Mexico, April 16, 1908 (F. Knab) ; Froxitera, State of Tabasco, Mexico, June 3
(C. H. T. Townsend) ; Bluefields, Nicaragua (W. F. Thornton) ; Orosi, Costa
Rica, 1200 meters, December to February (C. Picado) ; Tabernilla, Canal Zone,
Panama, July 10, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama, February
4, 1909, larva from pineapple-like plant in bush (A. H. Jennings) ; Frijoles,
Canal Zone, Panama, April 19, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; near Georgetown,
British Guiana (H. W. B. Moore) ; Hyde Park, British Guiana (H. W. B.
Moore) ; Siparuni Creek, Essequibo Eiver, British Guiana (K. S. Wise) ; Arima,
Trinidad, January 12, 1906 (F. W. Urich) ; Sangre Grande, Trinidad (F. W.
Urich) ; Cuba (Riehl).

We have examined two males and one female from Cuba, now in the collec-
tion of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, which
were the specimens referred to by Osten Saeken under the name hcemorrhoidalis,
and find them to be superbus. These two species are closely allied, but hcemor-
rhoidalis is a larger species and has the anal red tuftings involving one more
segment than in superbus. The females of hcemorrhoidalis also have the hind
tarsi as well as the mid ones marked with white, while in superbus only the mid
ones are so marked. We have received Megarhinus hcemorrhoidalis from British
Guiana, but as yet no specimens from our territory, although it will very likely
be found in some part of it, especially Trinidad.

The white markings on the mid tarsi of superbus vary in distinctness, being
usually obscure and bluish, but in some specimens from the Canal Zone they
are of a rather distinct white, visible without the aid of a lens. The red tuftings
on the abdomen are more easily lost in the female than in the male, so that most
captured female specimens are largely or wholly without them, which may
easily lead to an error in diagnosis.

MEGARHINUS VIOLACEUS (Wiedemann) Giles.
Culex violaceus Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot., 7, 1821.

Gulex violaceus Robineau-Desvoidy, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, iii, 403, 1827.
Culex violaceus Wiedemann, Aussereurop. zweifl. Ins., i, 3, 1828.
Megarhina (?) violacea Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 132, 1900.
Megarhina (?) violacea Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 278, 1902.
Megarhinus mariw Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 3, 1904.
Megarhinus violaceus Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 229, 1905.
Megarhinus mariw Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 625, 1905.
Megarhinus mariw Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 129, 1907.
Megarhinus mariw Peryassu, Culic. do Brazil, 42, 138, 1908.
Megarhinus mariw Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 92, 1910.
Megarhinus iris Knab, Ins. Insc. Menstr., i, 35, 1913.
Original Description of Culex violaceus:

Chalybeus thorace fusco, abdominis lateribus auratis, tarsis absque albedine.
Longit. lin. 3%. J1. Bahia in Brasilia.

A praecedente [Gulex splendens] differt magnitudine, thorace fusco magis quam
griseo et tarsis unicoloribus.

Original Description of Megarhinus marle:

Comprimento (sem a tromba) 10 a 11 mm., tromba 7 mm., azas 5 mm.

Tromba. Delgada, preta; em baixo, na metade basal, com muitas escamas bril-
hantes douradas, azues e vermelhas.

Palpos. Menos de % da tromba, com 3 articulos compridos, sendo o primeiro
pouco mais da metade do segundo, que 6 egual ao terceiro. Estao cobertos de es-
camas brilhantes: em cima, azues, e roxas; em baixo, douradas com o apex dos
segmentos violaceo.

Glypeus. Com fundo escuro e brilho branco, como tambem os toros das antennas.

Antennas. Menores que os palpos, tendo apenas a metade da tromba; o flagello e
os verticillos, escuros, quasi negros; e com muitos pellos flnos e anneis articulares,
esbranquicados ; o segundo segmento com escamas na metade basal.

Occiput. Com muitas escamas escuras, mas irisadas em verde, azul celeste, roxo,
branco e dourado e alguns pellos escuros com brilho de ouro.

MEGARHINUS VIOLACEUS

937

Lotos prothoraxicos. Com pellos e escamas como no occiput, prevalecendo nas
ultimas o azul celeste.

Mesonotum. Cor de ouro escura, tirante ao olivaceo e limitada na metade pos-
terior por uma flta azul, lateral, que se estende sobre o scutellum; as escamas sao
fusiformes ou obovaes, compridas, densamente aggrupadas mas bastante salientes,
dispostas como as pennas de um passaro; no meio sao escuras, mas iriantes, preva-
lecendo o dourado ao lado do verde e azul celeste; na flta mencionada prevalece o
azul celeste e verde claro.

Pleuras. Ochraceas, com brilho dourado e escamas branco-nacaradas.

Scutellum. Com pellos dourados e escamas bastante salientes, prevalecendo as
de brilho azul celeste.

Metathorax. Nu, ochraceo, com brilho de ouro.

Abdomen. Em cima, o 1! segmento com brilho azul celeste esverdeado, o resto azul-
violaceo escuro. No microscopio veem-se sobre o fundo preto as escamas obovaes ou
espatuladas, densamente aggrupadas: (como as pennas de um passaro) e irisadas
nas cores ja mencionadas. No apex do sexto segmento ha lateralmente pellos
dourados, escuros no setimo, formando um appendice lateral. No oitavo ha pellos
dourados terminaes. O nono segmento pouco visivel e de cor dourada. Em baixo
prevalecem as escamas douradas e prateadas, havendo uma flta mediana violacea.
O fundo 6 pardo escuro, quasi preto no sexto e setimo segmentos.

Pernas. De cor uniforme, menos a face ventral dos femora que e de cor de ouro;
o resto e violaceo com reflexos azues e vermelhos. As quatro unhas anteriores sao
um pouco maiores do que as posteriores.

Azas, encolhidas no apex do ramo posterior da quinta nervura — comprida; 1" cellula
forqueada muito curta e estreita, tendo o seu comprimento apenas a quarta parte do
pedunculo; na segunda cellula forqueada a relacao 6 de 1 para 2; as nervuras trans-
versaes bee formam um angulo muito obtuso aberto para o apex; a esta, cerca de
4 vezes o seu comprimento mais perto da base. As escamas das veias longitudinaes
sao espatuladas, mais ou menos escuras, mas iriantes em ouro, roxo e azul.

Nota: — Esta especie 6 um Megarhinus typico, que tem o 3? articulo dos palpos
femininos rombo com pellos terminaes.

Este mosquito parece-se muito, na coloracao, com o Megarhinus solstitialis, porem
e maior e muito mais robusto, e a cor de ouro 6 mais carregada. A distinccao prin-
cipal entre as femeas das duas especies esta na falta ou presenca de uma faxa
ventral clara no tarso do meio.

As larvas differem muito mais, sendo a de solstitialis toda vermelha e a do M.
Maria? vermelha com manchas, madreperolas e verdes no thorax.

Distingue-se do trichopygus, descripto por Wiedemann e Theobald, que e um
ankylorhynchus e que tem terceiro articulo dos palpos da femea ponteagudo; alem
disso apresenta algumas outras differences. O portoricensis nao tem appendices
lateraes, ficando assim excluido. Criado, por nos, de agua de bromeliaceas da Ilha
de Itaparica (Estado da Bahia).

Original Description of Megarhinus iris:

Female: Palpi over three-fourths the length of the proboscis; terminal segment
minute, the penultimate upturned, subtruncate, with a number of stout, projecting
terminal bristles; vestiture of metallic violet and mauve scales, golden beneath and
above at base and constriction of longest joint. Occiput clothed with flat iridescent
blue, green and purplish scales; cheeks silvery white scaled.

Prothoracic lobes bright metallic blue. Mesonotum clothed with small dark
olivaceous brown scales with blue, green and purple reflections, a patch of brilliant
blue scales over the roots of the wings; bristles over the roots of the wings black.
Scutellum bright metallic blue scaled.

Abdomen dorsally metallic violet-blue, basally brighter and with greenish reflec-
tions, the apices of the segments with crimson luster; segments with large, lateral,
basal, rounded yellowish-silvery spots, visible from above; small yellowish white
lateral tufts at apical angles of sixth segment, large dull black lateral tufts involving
apical 'half of seventh segment and all of the sides of the eighth segment; apical
bristles of ninth segment pale; venter yellowish -silvery with median dark line.

Wings small, narrow, with typical venation.

Legs dark violet-blue scaled, the femora silvery yellowish-white scaled beneath
nearly to apices; tibiae and tarsi unmarked. Claws simple.
Trinidad, West Indies (F. W. Urich).
Type: Cat. No. 15603, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Described from a single female reared by Professor Urich from a larva found in
water held by an epiphytic bromeliad. The body of the larva showed iridescent
colors.

60

938

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Evidently closely related to Megarhinus violaceus Wiedemann, described from
the State of Bahia, Brazil, but does not agree with the description of that species in
several details. In that species the lateral tufts of the sixth segment are said to be
golden and there is no mention of the abdominal lateral silvery spots, so conspicuous
in the specimen before me.

Description of Female and Larva of Megarhinus violaceus:

Female. — Proboscis curved, tapering gradually to tip ; vestiture bronzy black.
Palpi long, over three-fourths the length of the proboscis ; terminal joint minute,
penultimate joint about half the length of long joint, with a few scattered short
bristles and terminally with a number of very stout bristles, long joint with a
constriction considerably before the middle; vestiture of brilliant violet and
blue scales, beneath and dorsally at the constriction of the long joint golden
scaled. Antenna? filiform, delicate, the joints subequal, the second longer,
slightly thicker and with a dorsal crest of small raised scales ; hairs of whorls
moderate, sparse, black ; tori small, black, with silvery gray pruinosity. Clypeus
not prominent, transverse, hardly produced at middle, black, silvery gray prui-
nose. Occiput covered with appressed broad metallic blue scales with violet
and green iridescence ; cheeks dull silvery scaled.

Prothoracic lobes lateral, large and prominent, covered with brilliant metallic
blue scales. Mesonotum covered with dark olivaceous brown scales with blue,
green and purple reflections, a patch of brilliant blue scales over the roots of
wings; bristles over roots of wings black. Scutellum covered with bright
metallic blue scales and with coarse brown marginal bristles. Postnotum ocher
yellow, shining, nude. Pleura? and coxa? dull brown, densely clothed with silvery
white scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, depressed outwardly, truncate at tip ; dorsal vesti-
ture of deep metallic blue scales, on basal segments with a slight greenish tinge,
numerous scattered brilliant violet-red scales, particularly on apical margins
of segments and on distal ones upon the disk, a series of large subquadrate
yellowish-silvery spots laterally at bases of second to seventh segments, the first
segment broadly silvery at the sides ; a tuft of pale yellowish hair-scales at the
sides of the sixth segment and involving its distal half, a lateral tuft of black
hair-scales involving distal two-thirds of seventh and base of eighth segments ;
venter pale yellowish-silvery scaled, with a median dark line.

Wings narrow; second marginal cell very small, second posterior cell about
one-third the length of its petiole; basal cross-vein oblique, more than its own
length before anterior cross-vein ; scales of veins small, subtruncate, brown with
violet luster. Halteres with pale stems and black knobs.

Legs rather long, dark metallic blue scaled with a violet reflection, darker
distally ; femora broadly silvery white scaled beneath nearly to apices. Claw
formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 8 mm. ; wing 5.5 mm.

Male.— We have seen no specimen of this sex. It differs in the usual sexual
characters and the coloration appears to be much like that of the female. The
caudal tuft is said to be golden yellow and black, the yellow hair-scales occupying
the sides of the sixth segment and the apical margin of the eighth.

Larva, Stage IV. — Head subquadrate, about as long as wide, the posterior
angles rounded, insertion of antenna? rather prominent; front margin deeply
emarginate at middle, produced on each side of it into a large prominent lobe.
Mouth-brushes inserted beneath apices of frontal lobes, each consisting of ten
stout curved lamelliform blades with hooked tips. Antenna? very slender and
rather long, subcylindrical, slightly thickened at base. Skin of body during life
showing iridescent colors and spotted with red and green; chitinized parts
yellow. Air-tube rather slender, slightly tapered, over four times as long as
basal width ; a single pair of tufts at basal sixth. Anal segment about as long

MEGARHINUS LONGIPES

939

as wide, ringed by the plate, the latter with a series of long and rather sparse
spines on apical margin ; dorsal tufts of five long hairs ; ventral brush well
developed, confined to the barred area ; anal gills very short.

The larva occurs in water held by the leaf-bases of epiphytic bromeliads.

Forested regions of South America ; Trinidad.

Trinidad, West Indies (F. W. Urich). Reported also from Bahia, Brazil
(Wiedemann, Bourroul).

Megarhinus violaccus has been wrongly identified by modern authors, the
M. purpureus of Theobald having been mistaken for this species. The error
appears to have originated with Theobald. Dr. Adolf Lutz has informed us that
Megarhinus iris Knab is a synonym of violaccus, and we accept this opinion.
Knab considered as specific the difference in the coloration of the caudal tuft,
that of violaceus being described as golden yellow and black, while that of his
specimen was creamy yellow and black; also the presence of the large whitish
lateral spots of the abdomen, not mentioned in connection with Wiedemann's
species. It now seems probable that these differences are sexual rather than
specific.

MEGARHINUS GRANDIOSA Williston.

Megarrhina grandiosa Williston, Biol. Centr. Amer., Dipt., i, 224, 1900.
Megarhinus grandiosa Howard, Mosquitoes, 240, 1901.

Megarhinus (f Toxorhynchites) grandiosus Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 113, 1903.
Megarhinus grandiosus Blanchard, Les Moust., 625, 1905.

Megarhinus grandiosa Dyar & Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., xlviii, 248, 258,
1906.

Megarhinus grandiosus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 94, 1910.
Original Description of Megarrtiina grandiosa:

9- Antenna; brown. Proboscis black. Palpi black, covered with black and violet
tomentum. Face somewhat reddish. Occiput black above, and covered with green
and yellow tomentum. Thorax deep red, the ground-colour of the mesonotum mostly
concealed beneath a metallic-green tomentum, that of the pleurae more silvery or
yellowish-white. Abdomen brown or yellowish-brown, the dorsum concealed be-
neath green tomentum, like that of the mesonotum. Legs yellow; dorsal surface
of the femora blackish, with green and violet tomentum; base and extreme tip of
the hind tibiae brown, the remaining portion with yellow hair; dorsal surface of the
front tibiae blackish, with violet tomentum; front metatarsi, except the tip, blackish,
the remainder of the front tarsi light yellow; hind tarsi blackish, the tip of the third
joint, and the fourth and fifth wholly, nearly white; inner side of the hind metatarsi
yellow. Wings tinged with yellowish, the scales dark brown. Length 10 millim.,
inclusive of proboscis 18-20 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero, 8000 feet (H. H. Smith).

One specimen. Distinguishable from M. rutila, Coq., by the colour of the legs.

There are no specimens of this species in the collection of the U. S. National
Museum.

The male and larva are unknown; the life history and habits are also un-
known.

Reported from Mexico (Williston).

MEGARHINUS LONGIPES Theobald.

Megarhinus longipes Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 241, 1901.
Megarhina longipes Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 277, 1902.
Megarhinus longipes Blanchard, Les Moust., 226, 1905.

Megarhinus longipes Dyar & Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., xlviii, 248, 1906.
Megarhinus longipes Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 128, 1907.
Megarhinus longipes Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 92, 1910.

Original Description of Megarhinus longipes:

Thorax brown, with small bronzy and green scales, the green ones lateral. Abdo-
men covered with metallic olive-green scales; venter golden; first segment pale blue;
apex yellow, with yellow hairs. Legs long and rather thick, iridescent, dull yellow-
ish and brownish-black.

940

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

J. Head clothed with flat, golden-brown scales behind, pale green ones in front;
antennae brown, basal joints small and rotund, with greyish sheen; palpi with
metallic green scales; proboscis coppery.

Thorax brown, with small bronzy and green scales, the green ones at the sides;
prothoracic lobes with pale blue scales; scutellum clothed with pale brown scales,
with golden and other reflections, those on the lateral lobe pale blue; pleurae brown,
with dense masses of pale golden scales; metathorax dark brown.

Abdomen covered with bright, metallic, olive-green scales, the venter golden
scaled; first segment with pale blue scales, and the apex yellow, with dense yellow
hairs.

Legs long and moderately thick, in the fore legs the bases of the femora are
yellowish; the remainder of them, the tibiae and metatarsi deep steely blue; the
first three tarsal joints yellowish-white, the last blackish, in the mid legs much the
same; hind legs, with the femora, pale at the base, deep blue at the apex, with a
pale knee spot; tibiae golden, except at the base, where they are dark brown;
metatarsus golden-bronzy towards the tip, first and second tarsal joints deep purplish-
black, the apex of the latter joint white, last two joints lost; fore and mid ungues
nearly straight, equal and simple.

Wings slightly dusky along the costal border, some of the veins with metallic
purple scales; supernumerary cross-vein some distance nearer the apex of the wing
than the mid cross-vein, the latter joining and forming almost a right angle with the
posterior cross-vein.

Halteres pale, with fuscous knob.

Length. — 8 mm. (of mid legs 18 mm., of wings 9 mm.).
Habitat. — Mexico.

Observations. — Described from a single $ in the British Museum collection.
It is a very distinct, rather iridescent, yellowish-looking, large species, with vena-
tion like a typical Megarhinus, but with no caudal tuft, with pale olive-green abdo-
men, except the first segment, which is pale blue. It shows considerable variation
in colour when held in different directions, but its large size and general yellowish
hue and absence of caudal tufts should at once separate it, as well as its long spider-
like legs.

This species may belong to my genus Toxorhynchites, as I am not certain from
a single specimen if the palpi are broken or not; they appear as if broken.

We have no specimen of Megarhinus longipes and no additional authentic
specimens have been reported by others.

The male and larva are unknown and nothing is known of the life history.
Mexico (Theobald).

Our whole knowledge of this species rests upon Theobald's description of a
single female in the British Museum. The exact locality in Mexico is not given.
The species seems distinct, as shown in Theobald's figure (Mon. Culic, pi. ix,
fig. 34) with its green body and yellow legs; it should be kept in mind, however,
that the specimen may be an old one and the pale appearance due to fading
or partial denudation. In his original description Theobald described white
markings on all the tarsi, but later, in his table (Mon. Culic, rv, 128), he lists
the species under the heading " Tarsals unbanded " without any explanation
of this startling contradiction.

MEGARHINUS RUTILA Coquillett.

Megarhinus rutila Coquillett (in part), Can. Ent., xxviii, 44, 1896.
Megarhinus rutila Coquillett (in part), TJ. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Circular 40, 2d
ser., 7, 1900.

Megarhinus rutilus Howard (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent, Bull. 25, n. s„ 22,
1900.

Megarhina rutilla Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 131, 1900.

Megarhinus rutillus Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, i, 244, 1901.

Toxorhynchites rutilus Howard, Mosquitoes, 155, 240, 1901.

Megarhina rutilla Giles (in part), Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 268, 275, 1902.

Toxorhynchites rutilus Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 124, 1903.

Toxorhynchites rutilus Aldrich, Cat. N. Amer. Dipt., 124, 1905.

Megarhinus rutilus Blanchard (in part), Les Moust., 228, 1905.

Megarhinus rutilus Coquillett (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11,
14, 1906.

MEGARHINUS RUTILA

941

Megarhinus rutila Dyar & Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., xlviii, 248, 1906.
Megarhinus rutilus Vosseler, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1907, 245, 1907.
Megarhinus rutillus Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, v, 94, 1910.

Original Description of Megarhinus rutila:

Head black, tomentum of occiput blue in the centre, white next the eyes;
antennae brown, the first joint covered with blue tomentum on the outer side, that
on the inner side silvery-white; hairs of antennae dark gray, their bases brown;
proboscis and palpi black, covered with an appressed blue, golden and violet to-
mentum. Thorax brown, its tomentum golden-brown and violet, that on the lateral
margins pale golden; humeral angle and two large spots on the pleura covered
with golden tomentum, scutellum covered with blue, black and violet tomentum.
Abdomen black, its tomentum blue, becoming violet at the tip, that on the lateral
margins golden, on the venter blue, mixed with a few golden ones; sides of abdomen
bearing a few short pale yellow hairs. Legs black, the tomentum mixed blue, violet
and golden, that on the coxae and apices of femora entirely golden; second joint and
base of the third of each front and middle tarsi, fourth joint and base of the fifth
of the hind tarsi, white; one claw of each front and middle tarsi toothed, the other
claws simple. Wings hyaline, costal margin and the veins brown, the scales blue
and violet.

5 Same as the <^, with these exceptions: First joint of antennae destitute of blue
and silvery tomentum; second, third and base of fourth joint of the front and middle
tarsi white; tarsal claws simple. Length, 7 to 10 mm.

North Carolina and Georgiana, Florida. Three males and five females in the
National Museum.

Readily recognized by the colouring of the tarsi.

Description of Female and Male of Megarhinus rutila (Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis rather long, curved, tapering gradually to tip, covered
with metallic blue and dark bronzy scales. Palpi long and stout, about two-
thirds the length of the proboscis ; long joint with a constriction at basal two-
fifths, the succeeding joint about one-third the length of long joint, terminal
joint minute ; vestiture brilliant blue, tip, constriction, and apex of long joint
pale lilac ; many pale brassy scales beneath and at sides. Antennas filiform,
delicate, the joints subequal, rugose, finely and densely pilose, blackish ; second
joint longer and slightly stouter than the succeeding one, its basal half with a
dorsal crest of erect brilliant blue scales; hairs of whorls sparse, moderate,
black ; tori black with silvery pruinosity. Clypeus broad, transverse, not
prominent, angles bluntly rounded, black with silvery pruinosity. Occiput
covered with appressed metallic green and blue scales, ocular margins silvery-
white ; cheeks and head beneath silvery-white scaled.

Prothoracic lobes large and prominent, clothed with broad, appressed light
metallic blue scales and bearing coarse black setae. Mesonotum clothed with
bronzy-brown scales on the disk, well defined lateral marginal stripes and a
narrow median stripe of very pale metallic blue scales; patches of brilliant blue
scales at roots of wings. Scutellum covered with silvery-blue scales. Post-
notum brown, nude. Pleurae and coxae brown, densely covered with silvery-
white scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, depressed, broadest at middle; dorsal vestiture of
dark greenish-blue metallic scales, shading off into blue posteriorly; lateral
margins of all the segments silvery, expanded medianly on last three segments ;
first segment metallic green scaled in the middle, bright blue at the sides; a
lateral fringe of short cilia ; venter clothed with silvery scales with a yellowish
tinge, a broad median, longitudinal metallic blue stripe extends to apex of
seventh segment.

Wings narrow, hyaline with a yellowish tinge, particularly towards costa;
basal cross- vein oblique and almost or quite incident with anterior cross-vein;
costal vein metallic blue scaled. Halteres with silvery and blue scales on knobs.

Legs slender; vestiture dark blue, the tarsi white marked; femora brassy

942

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

scaled beneath ; knees silver scaled ; front and middle tibiae brassy marked along
outer surface ; front tarsi with apex of first joint and all of second, third, and
fourth joints brilliant white ; middle pair marked like the anterior pair ; pos-
terior tarsi with apex of third, all of fourth, and all but extreme tip of fifth
joint brilliant white. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.
Length : Body 10 mm. ; wing 8 mm.

Male. — Proboscis curved, tapering gradually to a point. Palpi longer than
the proboscis ; long joint about two-fifths the entire length of palpi, with a joint-
like constriction below its middle ; penultimate joint about one-half the length
of preceding and equally stout; terminal joint about as long as long joint,
slender, slightly curved and tapering to a point ; vestiture steel-blue and purple,
beneath with brassy scales on all but last joint, the false articulation of the long
joint and apices of all but the last pale lilac scaled. Antennas stout, densely plu-
mose ; last two joints long, slender and densely ciliate, the others short and stout,
smooth, with a dense whorl of long blackish hairs; second joint long and very
stout, compressed, about two and one-half times the length of the following one,
with a crest of semi-erect steel-blue and silver scales, the entire segment hairy
without distinct whorl ; tori black with silver-gray pruinosity. Clypeus trans-
verse, broadly rounded at sides, black with silvery-gray pruinosity. Occiput
covered with metallic blue and green scales, ocular margins silvery-white scaled ;
cheeks and head beneath clothed with silvery-white scales.

Prothoracic lobes large and prominent, covered with broad, flat metallic-blue
scales and bearing stout black setae. Mesonotum dark brown ; vestiture of dark
bronzy-brown scales with iridescent luster, with broad lateral marginal stripes
and a narrow median stripe of pale silvery-blue scales ; patches of brilliant blue
scales at roots of wings. Scutellum covered with brilliant blue scales in the
middle, at the sides with silvery-blue ones. Postnotum piceous, nude. Pleurae
and coxae dark brown, densely covered with silver-white scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, depressed; dorsal vestiture steel-blue, the eighth
segment with purple scales ; first segment brilliant blue scaled ; lateral margins
of segments two to six narrowly silver marked, seventh segment with posterior
angles broadly silvered, eighth segment finely margined with silver posteriorly ;
claspers purple scaled ; venter metallic-blue scaled, all but the last segment
with the lateral margins narrowly silvery; lateral cilia short, dense, pale
yellowish.

Wings very narrow, with a smoky tinge, particularly in the costal region;
basal cross-vein oblique, almost, or quite, incident with the anterior cross-vein.
Knobs of halteres silver scaled.

Legs slender ; vestiture dark blue ; femora silver marked beneath ; knees
white ; front and middle tarsi with second segment and basal two-thirds of third
silvery-white; hind tarsi with fourth and basal two-thirds of fifth segments
silver-white. Claw formula, 1.0-1.0-0.0.

Length : Body 10 mm. ; wing 8.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 36, fig. 243) : Side-pieces conically tapered, over twice as
long as wide, a short, broad basal lobe bearing a row of coarse sete ; clasp-fila-
ment long and slender, with a long spine close to tip and a few fine setae on inner
side. Harpes broad, their edges recurved, tip bent over, with a few minute
terminal setae. Harpagones wanting. Unci slender, fusiform, pointed, a
rounded basal lobe bearing a row of hairs directed outwardly.

Life history and habits unknown.

Florida and Georgia.

Georgiana, Florida (W. Wittfeld) ; Cornelia, Georgia, June 8, 1909 (W.
V. Eeed).

MEGARHINUS TRINIDADENSIS

943

But one specimen of Megarhinus rutila has come to hand since the original
description. The specimen originally mentioned from North Carolina has dis-
appeared from the collection, but we have little doubt that it was wrongly
associated, and that it was in reality a specimen of Megarhinus septentrionalis.
It must be pointed out that the female of M. septentrionalis was until recently
identified as M. rutila, so that many of the records under the name rutila or
rulilus in reality apply to septentrionalis.

MEGARHINUS TRINIDADENSIS Dyar & Knab.

Megarhinus trinidaclensis Dyar & Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., xlviii, 247,
248, 252, 1906.

Megarhinus trinidadensis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 602, 1910.

Original Description of Megarhinus trinidadensis:

Male. — Head behind the eyes light blue with pearly lustre, at the sides and be-
neath silvery. Antennae densely plumose, the second segment long and stout
(stouter than in moctezuma and longer than in septentrionalis), its crest densely
clothed with nearly flat purple scales. Palpi blue and purple, segments 2, 3 and 4 in
certain lights largely silvery and iridescent and pale at the apices. Second seg-
ment slightly shorter than fourth, third longer; fifth as long as third and fourth
together. Prothoracic lobes bright metallic blue. Mesothorax clothed with light
green scales on the disc, light blue along the sides. Scutellum, ridge of scales over
the root of wing and first abdominal segment brilliant greenish blue. Pleurae
and coxae silvery.

Abdomen deep blue, purple on segments 6, 7 and 8. Beneath golden, a narrow
black median line on segments 3-7, eighth segment violet. Lateral hairs pale, dark
on eighth segment and genitalia.

Legs dark with blue and purple lustre; femora golden beneath; front tibiae
golden on the outside. Second segment of middle tarsi bluish-silvery on the outer
side. In the hind tarsi the fourth and most of the fifth segments silver-scaled.

Female. — Antennal segments more elongate than in the preceding species.
Second segment hardly stouter than the succeeding ones, slightly thickened basally,
more than twice as long as the third, the basal % with a crest of dark erect scales.
Palpi blue and purple with many golden scales, particularly at the sides and be-
neath; apices of the segments pale violet. Second and third segments laterally
compressed, third enlarged at the apex, fourth nearly cylindrical and slightly
shorter than second; third segment longest, not twice the length of second.

Abdomen greenish towards base, then steel blue, the eighth segment violet. Pale
lateral spots, most conspicuous on segments 5, 6 and 7. Sixth and seventh segments
finely margined behind with gold, eighth segment marked with gold. Abdomen
golden at the sides and beneath, a narrow blue median line on segments 2-7.

Legs dark; the femora golden beneath; the middle and hind tibiae dull golden
upon the inside, the front tibiae on the outside and passing over onto the first tarsal
segment. Front and middle legs with the second and most of the third tarsal seg-
ments white; hind legs with the fourth and all but the tip of the fifth tarsal segment
white.

Length 6-10 mm.

Type No. 9954, U. S. N. M.

Locality: Trinidad (A. Busck, F. W. Urich).

3 $, 2 J. In the second male the markings of the middle tarsi are obsolete.
Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Megarhinus trinidadensis:

Female. — Proboscis rather long, slender, curved, tapering to a point. Palpi
long and stout, about two-thirds the lengths of the proboscis ; antepenultimate
segment elongate, stout, somewhat compressed, clavate, a constriction at basal
two-fifths; penultimate segment stout, cylindrical, about one-third the length
of preceding one; terminal segment minute; vestiture metallic-blue and purple
with scattered brassy scales, the apices of the segments light blue, beneath and at
sides yellowish-silvery scaled. Antennas filiform, slender, the joints subequal,
blackish, rugose, densely ciliate, with basal whorls of sparse hairs; second
joint long and stouter, about twice as long as the succeeding one, its basal half
with a crest of erect metallic scales; tori brown with silvery pruinosity. Clyp-

944

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

eus transverse, broadly rounded, brown with silvery pruinosity. Occiput
covered with flat, light green and blue iridescent scales, ocular margins silvery ;
cheeks and head beneath silver scaled.

Prothoracic lobes large and prominent, covered with broad, flat silvery-blue
scales and bearing a few coarse black seta?. Mesonotum clothed with small very
dark brown scales on the disk, the lateral margins broadly silvery-blue scaled,
on anterior two-thirds of disk an illy defined metallic blue median stripe and
metallic green subdorsal stripes which posteriorly become confluent, the green
scales predominating posteriorly ; patches of brilliant blue scales over roots of
wings. Scutellum covered with greenish-silver scales. Postnotum brown,
slightly pruinose, nude. Pleura? and coxae brown, densely covered with silvery
scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, somewhat depressed, broadest at middle, with in-
dications of a dorsal ridge; dorsal vestiture basally olivaceous-green, shading
into a deep blue on fifth, sixth, and seventh segments, eighth segment violet;
second to seventh segments with large golden lateral blotches, seventh and
eighth segments finely margined with gold posteriorly; ventral vestiture
burnished golden, with a very narrow steel-blue median longitudinal stripe.

Wing narrow, with a smoky tinge, particularly in costal region ; third vein
nearly incident with fourth vein at anterior cross-vein, basal cross-vein
oblique, joining fourth vein close to anterior cross-vein; costal vein metallic-
purple scaled. Knobs of halteres silver scaled on apex.

Legs slender ; vestiture steel-blue ; femora brassy beneath ; front tibiae and base
of first tarsal segment brassy on outer side ; middle tibiae brassy on inner side
and with a sprinkling of brassy scales on outer side, base of middle tarsus brassy
scaled; hind tibiae sprinkled with brassy scales on outer side; front tarsi with
second segment entirely white and base of third segment silvery above; middle
tarsi with second and third segments entirely white ; hind tarsi with fourth and
all but the tip of fifth segment white. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body 7-8 mm. ; wing 7 mm.

Male. — Proboscis long and curved, slender, tapering to a point. Palpi very
long, longer than the proboscis ; long joint stout, about two-fifths the length of
the entire palpi, below its middle a constriction giving the appearance of seg-
mentation ; penultimate joint about two-thirds the length of preceding one and
nearly as stout ; terminal joint long and slender, slightly curved and tapering
to a point, about as long as long joint; vestiture metallic violet and purple with
a sprinkling of brassy scales, apices of all but last joint and constriction of long
one pale violet scaled; beneath all but last joint mostly brassy scaled. Antennae
stout, densely plumose; last two joints long and slender, densely ciliate, the
others short, stout, with basal whorl of long, dense brown hairs; second joint
long and stout, more than twice the length of the succeeding one, compressed,
without hair-whorl and with a broad dorsal crest of erect brilliant purple and
silvery scales; tori black with silvery pruinosity. Clypeus transverse, broadly
rounded, deep brown with silvery pruinosity. Vestiture of mesonotum pre-
dominatingly dark metallic blue, lateral margins broadly pale blue, a broad
median stripe, a patch over root of wings and posterior region brilliant metallic-
blue scaled; subdorsal stripes of coppery scales. Scutellum covered with
brilliant light blue scales which, at the side, become silvery-blue. Abdomen
deep blue at base, shading into reddish-purple on sixth, seventh, and eighth
segments ; claspers purple scaled ; venter bright golden scaled, with a very
narrow median longitudinal stripe of steel-blue, the eighth segment metallic
purplish-red; lateral ciliation short and delicate, pale yellow. Wings nar-
row, smoky, particularly along costa; basal cross-vein oblique, contiguous,

MEGARHINUS TRINIDADENSIS

945

or nearly so, with anterior cross-vein. Legs slender; vestiture dark metallic-
purple and violet; femora brassy beneath; front tibiae brassy on outer side;
middle tibiae bronzy on inner side; hind tibiae with scattered brassy scales on
outer side; middle tarsi with second segment silvery-white on outer side; hind
tarsi with fourth segment entirely clear white, fifth silvery-white along basal
two-thirds on outer side. Claw formula, 1.0-1.0-0.0.

Length : 9 to 11 mm.

Genitalia (plate 36, fig. 242) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide,
strongly tapered to a narrow rounded tip ; a conical basal lobe clothed with
coarse seta?. Clasp-filament long and slender, about as long as side-piece, with
a long articulated terminal spine and a row of sparsely set setae within. Harpes
long, prominent, narrow, concave with revolute margins, tip bent outward and
pointed. Unci conical at base, tips produced as a pair of long, slender points,
dentose within. Basal appendages forming a rounded quadrate prominence
with a group of setae at each angle.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 127, fig. 441). — Head subquadrate, longer than wide,
sides nearly straight, insertion of antennae rather prominent ; front margin
deeply emarginate at middle, produced on each side of it into a large prominent
lobe. Antennae cylindrical, slender, rather long, smooth ; two separate hairs at
outer third followed by a short multiple tuft; three small terminal digits and
and a long seta. Two pairs of single hairs behind frontal lobes, a group of
three in the sinus behind the antennae, some small tufts beyond middle of sides.
Mouth-brushes inserted on frontal lobes, folded downward and backward.
Mental plate broadly triangular, an apical tooth in a shallow sinus; nine stout
subequal teeth on each side, a second plate before, membranous, with stout
apical tooth and a row of many long fringed filaments on each side. Mandible
quadrangular, straight without, smooth ; two branched appendages at angle
before tip ; an outer row of coarse cilia ; terminal dentition of five teeth, very
large, ensiform, the third and fifth smaller; a large rounded projection basad
of the teeth, within which arises a row of long subequal setae. Maxilla rounded
quadrangular, the basal angle with a group of flattened appendages with re-
curved tips ; inner angle with shorter filaments, a seta and two papillae ; palpus
nearly divided by a suture, erect, columnar, flat at tip, smooth, with three rudi-
mentary terminal digits. Thorax rounded, about as wide as long; lateral hairs
short, very stout, the heaviest ones spinulose. Abdomen stout, segments angled
at the sides, anterior ones shorter ; hairs abundant but not long, all the lateral
tufts multiple to fifth segment, double on sixth. Tracheal tubes invisible ; skin
darkly and blotchily pigmented. Air-tube short and stout, slightly more than
twice as long as wide, conically tapered outwardly ; no pecten ; a single tuft
near base. A large plate on sides of eighth segment, with two very stout ciliate
hairs on its posterior margin. Anal segment about as long as wide, ringed
by the plate ; dorsal tufts of two long brushes on each side ; a single spinulose
lateral hair; ventral brush well developed, the tufts amply feathered; anal gills
very short, bud-shaped.

The Jarvae live in the water in holes in trees inhabited by other mosquito
larvae, upon which they prey. Mr. Urich and Mr. Busck both took them in such
locations.

Island of Trinidad.

San Juan (F. W. Urich) ; Sangre Grande (F. W. Urich) ; St. Joseph, June
15, 1905 (A. Busck) ; Montserrat, June 27, 1905 (A. Busck).

The specimens mentioned by Mr. Busck under this name (Smiths. Misc.
Colls., quart, iss., lii, 60, 1908) really belong to Megarhinus hypoptes.

946

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

MEGARHINUS SEPTENTRIONALIS Dyar & Knab.

Megarhina ferox "Walker (not Humboldt, not Wiedemann), List Dipt. Brit. Mus., i,
1, 1848.

Megarhinus rutila Coquillett (in part), Can. Ent., xxviii, 44, 1896.

Megarhinus ferox Howard (not Humboldt, not Wiedemann), U. S. Dept. Agr., Div.

Ent, Bull. 4, n. s., 24, 1896.
Megarhina rutilla Giles (in part), Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 131, 1900.
Megarhina ferox Giles (in part, not Humboldt, not Wiedemann), Handb. Gnats or

Mosq., 135, 1900.

Megarhinus rutila Coquillett (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Circular 40, 2 ser.,
7, 1900.

Megarhinus rutilus Howard (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. 25, n. s., 22,
1900.

Megarhinus rutillus Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, i, 244, 1901.
Megarhinus portoricensis Theobald (in part, not von Roder), Mon. Culic, 1, 232,
1901.

Megarhinus portoricensis Howard (not von Roder), Mosquitoes, 240, 1901.
Megarhina rutilla Giles (in part), Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 275, 1902.
Megarhina portoricensis Giles (in part, not von Roder), Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 275,
1902.

Megarhinus rutilus Dyar (in part, not Coquillett) + Megarhinus portoricensis Dyar

(in part, not von Roder), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vi, 20, 1904.
Megarhinus rutilus Blanchard (in part), Les Moust., 228, 1905.

Megarhinus ferox Blanchard (in part, not Humboldt, not Wiedemann), Les Moust,
225, 1905.

Megarhinus portoricensis Blanchard (in part, not von Roder), Les Moust., 224, 1905.
Megarhinus portoricensis Dyar (not von Roder), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiii, 108,
1905.

Megarhinus portoricensis Theobald (in part, not von Roder) ; Gen. Ins., Dipt., 261""
fasc, 13, 1905.

Megarhinus portoricensis Herrick (not von Roder), Ent. News, xvi, 281, 1905.
Megarhinus portoricensis Felt (not von Roder), Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 494, 1905.
Megarhinus sp., Hopkins, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 4, 1905.
Megarhinus sp. not portoricensis, Ludlow, Can. Ent., xxxviii, 134, 1906.
Megarhinus portoricensis (in part, not von Roder) + Megarhinus rutilus (in part,

not Coquillett) Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 14,

1906.

Megarhinus portoricensis Dyar & Knab (in part, not von Roder), Journ. N. Y. Ent.
Soc, xiv, 178, 1906.

Megarhinus portoricensis Dyar (not von Roder), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Circular
72, 1, 1906.

Megarhinus septentrionalis Dyar & Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., xlviii, 247,
248, 249, 1906.

Megarhinus herrickii Theobald, The Entom., xxxix, 241, 1906.
Megarhinus septentrionalis Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 12, 1907.
Megarhinus herrickii Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 131, 1907.
Megarhinus septentrionalis Morgan & Cotton, Science, n. s., xxvii, 28, 1908.
Megarhinus septentrionalis Thibault, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xii, 22, 1910.
Megarhinus portoricensis Theobald (in part, not von Roder), Mon. Culic, v, 93,
1910.

Megarhinus herrickii Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 94, 1910.
Megarhinus rutillus Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, v, 94, 1910.
Megarhinus septentrionalis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 603, 1910.

Original Description of Megarhinus septentrionalis:

Male. — Head behind the eyes metallic blue, at the sides and beneath yellowish
silvery. Antennae densely plumose; second segment stout, laterally compressed,
nearly as long as the next three and clothed on the upper part with golden and
purple scales. Palpi dark violet; the second, third and fourth segments with many
golden and iridescent scales, their apices pale violet; terminal segment nearly
black. Second and fourth segments of about equal length, the third longer, the
filth about twice as long as the fourth. Prothoracic lobes light metallic blue. Meso-
thorax deep purple on the disc, the sides and a median stripe yellow, clearly defined.
A patch of blue scales over the roots of the wings. Scutellum edged with silvery
yellow scales broadened to patches at the sides. Pleurae and coxae clothed with pale
golden scales. Abdomen above dark metallic blue, the basal segment clothed with
coarser lighter-colored greenish scales. Patches of golden scales at the sides of the

MEGARHINUS SEPTENTRIONALIS

947

sixth and seventh segments. Beneath pale golden, a broad median purple stripe on
segments 3-7; eighth segment purple beneath, golden at the sides. Lateral cilia
pale yellow except on the eighth segment and claspers, where they are dark.

Legs dark with purple lustre. The femora pale golden on the lower surface.
Front tibiae dull golden on the outside, the middle tibiae on the inside. Middle
legs with the third and part of the fourth segments of the tarsi silvery on the outer
side. Hind legs with the fourth tarsal segment white.

Female. — Antennae: second segment twice as long as the third and but slightly
thicker, the basal half with a crest of erect scales. Palpi about two-thirds the
length of the proboscis, four-jointed, stout, more or less laterally compressed, the
third segment much thickened at the apex. Color violet-blue and purple with many
pale golden scales, particularly on the sides of the second and third segments;
apices of the segments pale mauve. Third segment much the longest, fourth shorter
and stouter than the second, nearly cylindrical.

The abdomen is more or less greenish, passing into steel blue towards the tip.
Segments 4-7 show golden spots at the sides and the sixth and seventh are finely
margined behind with gold; eighth segment purplish spotted with gold. Femora
and tibiae as in the male. All the tarsi marked with white. On the first and second
pair of legs the tarsi have the tip of the first, the second and the third, and part of
the fourth segments white. On the hind legs the fourth and all but the tip of the
fifth tarsal segments are white.

Length, 6-10 mm.

Type No. 9952, U. S. N. M.

Localities: Woodstock, Va. (F. C. Pratt), Morgantown, W. Va. (A. D. Hopkins),
Washington, D. C. (J. Kotinsky), Plummer's Island, Md. (A. K. Fisher, W. V.
Warner), River Township, Henderson Co., N. C. (J. L. Colter, Jr.), St. Louis, Mo.
(A. Busck), Baton Rouge, La. (J. W. Dupree), Benoit, Miss. (H. S. Barber),
Ringo, Indian Territory (A. N. Caudell), Skyland, Va. (Miss W. Pollock), Grand-
father ML, N. C. (F. Sherman).

13 c?, 11 $. It should be noted that the markings on all the tarsi are clear white
in the female. In the male the silvery markings of the middle tarsi are less dis-
tinct than the white on the hind tarsi and sometimes have to be carefully looked
for. These markings are uniform for either sex in all the specimens examined.
We have seen no specimens of Megarhinus from North America with the front and
middle tarsi entirely dark.

Ouioinal Description of Megarhinus herrickii:

Megarhinus portoricensis. Herrick (non Von Roder) (Entom. News (1905), p.
281).

Allied to M. portoricensis. Von Roder, but differs in the following respects: —
(i) The last segment of the male palpus much longer than the penultimate, at
least twice as long; and (ii) the head iridescent bluish green instead of brown with
a shiny white border around the eyes, white scales laterally, and azure blue spots in
front; (iii) the hind tarsi are white except a black ring at the distal ends, whilst
in portoricensis the penultimate tarsal segment only is white save for a small basal
dark spot.

Habitat. — Mississippi State, U. S. A.

Observations. — This species is referred to by Professor Glenn Herrick as porto-
ricensis, but he points out very obvious and marked differences. This new species
has been named after him.

The specimens, he says, were bred from larvae taken " in the cup-like bottom of
a massive iron post supporting one corner of a large water tank. . . . Here we
found five large, dark brown, very spiny larvae, and also remnants of cast pupal
skins, conspicuous for their long spines, made especially prominent by the colonies
of Vorticellae clinging to them. . . . We fed the larva? entirely on Culex larvae and
great numbers of the latter were devoured. For example, three Megarhinus larva?
in four days ate eighty-three large Culex larvae, besides many small ones just
hatched, from eggs.

" The larvae transformed to pupa? on September 28th.

" The pupal stage lasted four days, while that of a third extended over a period
of five days. The anal flaps seem to have a characteristic shape, and the edges, for
the most part, are beset with short stiff spines."

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Megarhinus septentrionalis:

Female. — Proboscis rather long, curved, tapering to a point. Palpi about
two-thirds the length of the proboscis; long joint stout, somewhat compressed,
with a constriction at basal two-fifths; penultimate joint stout, cylindrical,

948

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

about two-fifths the length of long joint; terminal joint minute; vestiture
metallic dark violet and blue, profusely sprinkled with golden scales, par-
ticularly at the sides ; apices of segments pale lilac. Antennae filiform, slender,
the joints subequal, with basal whorls of sparse hairs; second joint elongate,
about twice as long as the succeeding one, stouter, a crest of erect dark scales
along basal two-thirds ; tori black with silvery pruinosity. Clypeus transverse,
broadly rounded, black with silvery pruinosity. Occiput covered with flat,
brilliant blue scales, ocular margins silvery ; cheeks and head beneath silvery
scaled.

Prothoracic lobes prominent, covered with broad, flat, brilliant blue scales
and bearing a few coarse black setae. Mesonotum clothed with small very deep
purplish-brown scales on the disk, a median stripe and broad stripes on lateral
margins involving anterior angles, well defined, of light greenish-yellow scales
with iridescent luster ; a sprinkling of dark blue scales among the purplish ones,
particularly on the posterior region; over the roots of the wings are patches of
brilliant blue scales. Scutellum brilliantly blue scaled at the middle, sides
silvery-blue and yellowish scaled in continuation of mesonotal lateral stripes.
Postnotum dark brown, nude. Pleurae and coxae dark brown, mostly covered
with silver scales with a slight yellowish tinge.

Abdomen depressed ; dorsal vestiture dark metallic-blue with a greenish tinge
at base and purplish at tip, eighth segment bright violet ; first segment brilliant
blue scaled, with silver patches at the sides ; lateral margins of segments yellow-
ish-silvery, broadest near base and forming conspicuous median indentations
on fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh segments; sixth, seventh, and eighth seg-
ments marked with yellowish-silver along posterior margin; venter yellowish-
silver scaled, with a broad median, longitudinal, deep metallic blue stripe,
becoming narrow posteriorly and terminating near hind margin of seventh
segment; eighth segment with numerous yellow apical setae; no caudal tufts.

Wings rather narrow, smoky along the costal area ; basal cross-vein oblique,
joining the fourth vein beyond the anterior cross-vein ; costal vein blue and
purple scaled. Halteres with pale stems and black silver scaled knobs.

Legs slender ; vestiture deep violet and blue marked with white ; femora pale
at base, bright brassy beneath and at sides, apex dark ringed; knees white;
front tibiae brassy on outer side; middle tibiae brassy on inner side; hind tibiae
with golden scales on outer side ; front and middle tarsi with second and third
and all but apex of fourth segments brilliant white ; hind tarsi with extreme
apex of third, all of fourth, and all but the tip of fifth segments brilliant white.
Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body 7 to 10 mm. ; wing 6 to 7.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis rather long, curved, tapering to a point. Palpi rather
stout, long, exceeding the proboscis ; long joint about two-fifths the entire length
of palpus, with a false articulation before middle and the apex somewhat
dilated ; penultimate joint more than half the length of long joint and equally
stout; terminal joint slender, slightly curved and tapering to a point, about
equal in length with long joint ; long joint and succeeding one predominatingly
brassy scaled, bases and apices and region of false articulation of long joint
broadly metallic-blue scaled, extreme apices and false joint pale lilac; terminal
joint dark purplish with a few golden scales. Antennae stout, densely plumose;
second segment nearly three times as long as the succeeding one, stout, with a
crest of erect brassy scales ; tori black with silvery pruinosity. Clypeus trans-
verse, broadly rounded at the sides, black with silvery pruinosity. Abdomen
somewhat compressed on basal half, depressed beyond and slightly dilated to
apex of sixth segment; dorsal vestiture metallic deep blue, eighth segment

MEGARHINTJS SEPTENTRIONALIS

949

purple-scaled towards lateral margins ; first segment silvery-blue scaled ; seg-
ments with lateral patches of brassy scales which are broadest on sixth and
seventh segments ; claspers purple-scaled ; venter bright golden scaled, with a
rather broad steel-blue median stripe which is much narrowed on seventh seg-
ment ; eighth segment purple scaled ; lateral ciliation moderate, pale yellowish.
Wings narrow, smoky along outer margin; basal cross-vein oblique, reaching
fourth vein at, or beyond, anterior cross-vein. Legs very dark blue and purple ;
femora beneath brassy, knees white; front tibia? with golden scales on outer
side ; middle tibia? with golden scales on inner side ; hind tibiae with a few golden
scales on outer side ; middle tarsi with second and basal two-thirds of third seg-
ments silvery-white on outer side; hind tarsi with fourth segment entirely
brilliant white and base of fifth silvery white. Claw formula, 1.0-1.0-0.0.
Length : Body 7 to 11 mm. ; wing 6 to 10 mm.

Genitalia (plate 37, fig. 245) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide,
sharply conically tapered; a low lobe at base bearing three stout setae. Clasp-
filament slender, moderate, slightly thickened at base, bearing a long spine
before tip, and a few minute seta? below. Harpes large, broad, with revolute
margins, tips bent outward, pointed and bearing a few minute seta?. Harpa-
gones wanting. Unci contiguous at their tips, forming a long cone, the margins
revolute are serrate.

Larva, Stage IV (see the figure of the entire larva, plate 82). — Head sub-
quadrate, longer than wide, sides nearly straight, insertion of antennas rather
prominent; front margin deeply emarginate at middle, produced on each side
of it into a large prominent lobe. Antenna? cylindrical, slender, rather long,
smooth; two separate hairs at outer third, followed by a short multiple tuft;
three small terminal digits and a long seta. Two pairs of single hairs behind
frontal lobes, a group of three in the sinus behind antenna?, some small tufts
beyond middle of sides. Mouth-brushes inserted on frontal lobes, folded down-
ward and backward, composed of ten stout, curved, lamelliform blades with
slightly hooked cleft tips. Mental plate broadly triangular, emarginate at
apex for the space of the three middle teeth, seven teeth on each side, stout,
subequal ; secondary plates thin, membranous, with apical fringes. Mandible
quadrangular, straight without, smooth ; two branched appendages at angle
before tip ; an outer row of coarse cilia ; terminal dentition of five teeth, very
large, ensifonn, the third and fifth smaller; a large rounded projection basad
of teeth, within which arises a row of long subequal seta?. Maxilla rounded
quadrangular, basal angle with a group of flattened appendages with recurved
tips ; inner angle with shorter filaments, a seta, and two papilla? ; palpus nearly
divided by the suture, erect, columnar, flat at tip, smooth, with three rudi-
mentary terminal digits. Thorax rounded, about as wide as long; lateral hairs
short, very stout, heaviest ones spinulose. Abdomen stout, segments angled at
sides, anterior ones shorter ; hairs abundant but not long, all the lateral tufts
coarse, multiple to fifth segment, arising from large chitinous tubercles.
Tracheal tubes moderately broad, invisible in the larva, the skin darkly pig-
mented. Air-tube stout, conically tapered outwardly, about two and a half
times as long as wide; no pecten; a single tuft near base. A large plate on
sides of eighth segment with two stout spinulose hairs on its posterior margin.
Anal segment about as long as wide, ringed by the plate; dorsal tufts of two
long brushes on each side; a single spinulose lateral hair; ventral brush well
developed, of branched tufts, posterior one feathered ; anal gills very short,
bud-shaped.

The larva? live normally in water in hollow trees where other mosquito larva?
occur upon which they feed. More rarely they are found in artificial receptacles.
Specimens have been taken in water-filled rock-holes by Messrs. Pergande and

950

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

demons, in which cases they were associated with Aides atropalpus. The eggs
are found floating on the water singly and the larva? hatch quickly. They feed
exclusively upon other mosquito larva? present, which they swallow whole.
They feed largely upon Orthopodomyia signifer and Aides triseriatus but will
also eat other larva? when opportunity offers, even of their own species. Hi-
bernation occurs as fully grown larva and pupation follows in the spring, as
shown by Morgan and Cotton. There are probably several generations during
the season, as the imagos occur from early spring until late in the autumn.
The larva? can only overwinter in tree-holes containing permanently a supply
of water. The adults are diurnal, both sexes frequenting flowers. Mr. Thibault
has made the following observations which seem to stand in relation to the
mating habits : " I find the males of a certain locality all go to some certain
tree or bush and are always to be found there, yet not a single female will be
seen. I have looked at all times of the day and before day and after night. I
took all my males (a hundred or so) on some poison ivy that grew on a hack-
berry tree 100 yards from the breeding log. I could always find them here
after they just made their appearance and nowhere else. The most of them
were taken from the same bunch of leaves; but not a female did I ever see
there."

Southeastern part of United States.

Washington, District of Columbia, September 9, 1901 (J. Kotinsky) ; Cabin
John, Maryland, September, 1908 (F. Knab) ; Plummer's Island, Maiyland,
June 24, 1906 (A. K. Fisher), September 6, 1908 (E. A. Schwarz), April 18,
1913 (H. S. Barber), July 25 (W. V. Warner); Great Falls, Virginia, Sep-
tember 17, 1906 (T. Pergande) ; Woodstock, Virginia, June, 1903 (F. C.
Pratt) ; Skyland, Virginia (Miss W. Pollock) ; Glen Carlyn, Virginia, July 14,
1907 (F. Knab) ; Fairfax County, Virginia, May 3, 1913 (G. S. Miller) ;
Morgantown, West Virginia, June 10, 1898 (A. D. Hopkins) ; Hartsville,
North Carolina (J. L. Coker) ; Grandfather Mountain, between Bock and Lin-
ville, North Carolina, August 28, 1906 (F. Sherman) ; Atlanta, Georgia (W. B.
Summerall) ; Augusta, Georgia, September 10, 1909 (W. V. Beed) ; Knox-
ville, Tennessee, April 13, 1907 (Morgan & Cotton) ; St. Louis, Missouri,
October 4, 1904 (A. Busck) ; Scott, Pulaski County, Arkansas, July 24, 1908,
February 20, 1909 (J. K. Thibault, Jr.) ; Bingo, Indian Territory (A. N". Cau-
dell); Dallas, Texas, August 13, 1906 (Crawford & Pratt); Baton Eouge,

Louisiana (J. W. Dupree) ; Benoit, Mississippi, July 18, 1899 ( ) ;

Agricultural College, Mississippi, September 26, 1905 (W. V. Beed). Beported
also from Church Hill, Tennessee (Morgan & Cotton).

Megarhinus septentrionalis was for a long time confused with other species,
as the sexual dichromatism of the tarsi in the species of this genus was not
recognized and it was thought that the species were subject to variation. They
are, however, quite constant in markings. The first reference to this species is
by Walker, who cites it under the name Megarhina ferox Wiedemann, but in an
error of identification, since Wiedemann's Culex ferox is another species. Since
then the males have been rather consistently referred to portoricensis, the
females to rutila.

MEGARHINUS MOCTEZUMA Dyar & Knab.

Megarhinus moctezuma Dyar & Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., xlviii, 247, 248,
251, 1906.

Megarhinus montezuma Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 602, 1910.
Original Description of Megabhinus moctezuma:

Male. — Head behind the eyes clothed with iridescent scales, at the sides and
beneath silvery. Antennae densely plumose; second segment longer than in sep-
tentrionalis, stout, laterally compressed, about as long as the three succeeding ones;
heavily scaled along the crest. Palpi deep violet, on segments 2-4 scatteringly

MEGARHINUS MOCTEZUMA

951

golden-scaled above and at the sides, entirely golden beneath, the apices pale lilac.
Second and fourth segments of about equal length, the third longer, the fifth as long
as the third and fourth together. Prothoracic lobes deep blue. Mesothorax dark
brown on the disc with coppery scales; the median and lateral stripes of greenish
blue scales; hind margin, scutellum and patches over the roots of the wings metallic
blue. Pleurae and coxae silver-scaled with a tinge of yellow. Abdomen deep
violet-blue, segments 6, 7 and 8 brilliant purple. First segment bright blue, more
shining. Segments 2-7 with marginal golden spots, very narrow on the second
segment and broadening to sixth and seventh where they become conspicuous
patches. Segments 6, 7 and 8 margined behind with gold. Beneath pale golden, a
narrow median blue line on segments 3-7; eighth segment entirely purple beneath.
Lateral hairs pale yellow on segments 1-7, dark on the eighth and the genitalia.
Legs dark with blue and purple lustre. Femora golden beneath. Front tibiae on the
outside, middle tibiae on the inside, dull golden. Middle legs with the third tarsal
segment white on the outside, a dash of silver at the base of the fourth segment.
In the hind legs the fourth tarsal segment is white-ringed, black at its tip.

Female. — Antennae: second segment somewhat longer than the third, slightly
swollen basally, the basal two-thirds heavily clothed with purple scales. Palpi
deep blue and purple, the segments pale at the apex; second and third segments
with golden scales at the sides and beneath; second and third segments laterally
compressed, the third slender at base, much thickened at apex; fourth segment
stout and cylindrical, shorter than the second, the third twice as long as the fourth.

Abdomen greenish-blue merging into steel blue posteriorly, the eighth segment
violet. Seventh segment finely margined with gold, eighth with terminal brush
of bright yellow hairs. The hind angles of segments 2-8 marked with gold. Beneath
golden, a dark median line ends before the eighth segment.

Fore and middle legs with the second and part of the third tarsal segments silvery
white; hind legs with the fourth and upper half of the fifth tarsal segments white.
The white on the front tarsi is not so brilliant as in the two preceding species and
In trinidadensis.

Length, 6-9 mm.

Type No. 9953, U. S. N. M.

Localities: Sonsonate and Izalco in Salvador, Rio Aranjuez near Puntarenas in
Costa Rica (F. Knab), Antigua in Guatemala (D. G. Eisen).

16 J1, 2 $?. In the male the white of the middle tarsi has a tendency to become
silvery and less distinct; sometimes the silver at the base of the fourth segment
is absent. In three specimens the white of the third segment extends entirely
around it. Although the tarsal markings are the same as those of the preceding
species it can be easily separated by the coloration of the thorax and other details.
Preparations of the male genitalia of the two species reveal specific differences.

Description of Female, Mali:, and Larva of Megarhinus moctezuma:

Female. — Proboscis rather long, curved, tapering to a point. Palpi long and
stout, about two-thirds the length of the proboscis; long joint compressed,
dilated towards apex, with a constriction at basal two-fifths; penultimate joint
stout, cylindrical, one-third the length of long joint; terminal joint minute;
vestiture metallic blue and purple, apices of segments pale lilac ; segments brassy
scaled beneath, except at bases and apices, and with scattered brassy scales on
outer sides. Antennas filiform, very delicate, the joints subequal, with whorls
of long sparse hairs; second segment rather stout, about half as long again as
the succeeding one, basal two-thirds with a dense crest of erect black scales ; tori
black with silvery pruinosity. Clypeus transverse, broadly rounded, deep
brown with silvery pruinosity. Occiput clothed with flat, metallic-blue irides-
cent scales, ocular margin narrowly silver scaled ; cheeks and head beneath
silver scaled.

Prothoracic lobes prominent, covered with brilliant metallic blue scales and
with a few coarse black setse. Mesonotum clothed upon the disk with small brown
scales with coppery ones intermixed, a median stripe and broad stripes on
lateral margins involving anterior angles distinctly light metallic blue scaled ;
patches of brighter blue scales over roots of wings, basal region with numerous
blue scales. Scutellum bright blue scaled in the middle, the sides broadly silvery
blue scaled in continuation of lateral stripes of mesonotum. Postnotum chest-

952

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

nut-brown, nude. Pleurae and coxa? dark brown, densely clothed with silver
scales with a slight yellowish tinge.

Abdomen depressed, broadest at middle ; dorsal vestiture metallic blue with a
greenish tinge basally and a deeper blue towards the tip, shading into violet on
eighth segment; segments with rather small brassy lateral spots at hind angles;
first segment brilliant blue scaled in the middle, silvery blue at the sides; venter
clothed with brassy scales, a median longitudinal dark metallic blue line to tip
of seventh segment; last segment with yellowish terminal bristles. No caudal
tufts.

Wings narrow, with a slight smoky tinge ; basal cross-vein oblique, reaching
fourth vein beyond anterior cross-vein; costal vein purple scaled. Halteres
pale, with black silver scaled knobs.

Legs slender; vestiture nearly black with blue and purple reflections ; femora
brassy beneath ; front tibia? dull golden on the outer side ; middle tibia? golden
on inner side; front and middle tarsi with second segment and part of third
silvery white; hind tarsi with fourth and basal two-thirds of fifth segments
silvery-white. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body 8 to 9 mm. ; wing 7 mm.

Male. — Proboscis rather long, curved, tapering to a point. Palpi long and
stout, slightly longer than the proboscis ; long joint stout, about two-fifths the
length of the entire palpus, with a false articulation before middle, its apex
somewhat dilated ; penultimate joint more than half the length of long joint,
stout, somewhat compressed and slightly thickened at apex; terminal joint
long, slender, slightly curved and tapering to a point, about equal to long joint;
vestiture of all but the last joint of brilliant purple, brassy and blue scales,
the darker scales massed at bases and apices of joints and around false articu-
lation of long joint, extreme apices pale lilac ; terminal joint very dark, purplish.
Antenna? stout, densely plumose; last two joints long and slender, the others
short and stout, subequal, brownish ; second joint long, more than twice the
length of the succeeding one, with a dense dorsal crest of erect silvery and purple
scales ; hairs of whorls dense, long, blackish ; tori black with silvery pruinosity.
Clypeus transverse, broadly rounded at the sides and slightly produced at
middle; dark brown with silvery pruinosity. Occiput clothed with brilliant
coppery and blue iridescent scales, ocular margin bluish-silvery; cheeks and
head beneath silvery scaled. Prothoracic lobes prominent, brilliant blue and
purple scaled and with a few coarse black hairs. Mesonotum clothed on the disk
with brown scales with numerous bronzy ones intermixed, posteriorly a mixture
of bronzy and blue scales ; a median stripe and broad ones on lateral margins
involving anterior angles light blue and well defined ; patches of brilliant blue
scales over roots of wings. Scutellum brilliant blue scaled in the middle, margin
and sides silvery-blue; in one specimen some patches of bronzy scales on its
disk. Abdomen depressed, rather slender, hardly broadened apically; dorsal
vestiture of deep blue scales shading into violet-red on sixth, seventh, and
eighth segments, sides of segments with yellowish-silvery spots, which are large
and apical on sixth and seventh segments ; sixth, seventh, and eighth segments
finely margined behind with golden scales; venter pale-golden scaled, with a
median steel-blue stripe, moderately broad to apex of fifth segment and very
narrow on sixth and seventh segments, eighth segment violet-red ; claspers
covered with dark purple scales ; lateral ciliation moderate, pale yellow, coarser
and black on the eighth segment. Wings narrow, slightly smoky, particularly
along front margin; basal cross- vein oblique and reaching fourth vein at or
beyond anterior cross-vein. Legs nearly black, with violet and blue reflections ;
femora brassy beneath, knees silvery- white ; front tibia? with dull golden scales

MEGARHINUS MOCTEZUMA

953

on outer side; middle tibia; with dull golden scales on inner side; hind tibiae
with scattered golden scales on outer side ; middle tarsi silver marked on outer
side of second and basal half of third segment ; hind tarsi with the fourth seg-
ment entirely brilliant white. Claw formula, 1.0-1.0-0.0.
Length : Body 9 to 11 mm. ; wing 7 to 9 mm.

Genitalia (plate 37, fig. 246) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, sharply
conically tapered to rounded tips, a low basal lobe bearing four stout setae.
Clasp-filament slender, slightly attenuated before middle, bearing a long spine
before tip. Harpes long, rather broad, margins revolute, tips bent outward,
pointed, and with a few minute setae. Harpagones wanting. Unci long,
slender, subfilamentous, with bluntly pointed tips. A quadrate basal piece with
setae at its corners.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 128, fig. 444). — Head subquadrate, longer than wide,
sides nearly straight, insertion of antennae rather prominent; front margin
deeply emarginate at middle, produced on each side of it into a large prominent
lobe. Antennas cylindrical, slender, rather long, smooth ; two separate hairs at
outer fourth, followed by a small tuft; three minute terminal digits and a seta.
Mouth-brushes inserted on frontal lobes, each of ten stout, curved lamellae
with cleft tips. Mental plate broadly triangular, with a central tooth in a
shallow emargination and nine subequal teeth on each side. Mandible quad-
rangular, straight without, smooth ; two branched appendages at angle before
tip; an outer row of coarse cilia; terminal dentition of five teeth, very large,
ensiform, third and fifth smaller ; a large rounded projection basad of the
teeth, within which arises a row of long subequal setae. Maxilla rounded
quadrangular, basal angle with a group of flattened appendages with recurved
tips; inner angle with shorter filaments, a seta, and two papillae; palpus nearly
separated by the suture, erect, columnar, flat at tip, smooth, with rudimentary
terminal digits. Thorax rounded, about as wide as long; lateral hairs short,
very stout, mostly singly from large tubercles, the heavy one coarsely spinulose.
Abdomen stout, segments angled at sides, anterior ones shorter ; hairs abundant,
but not long, all the lateral hairs multiple to fifth segment, double on sixth,
inserted on chitinous tubercles. Tracheal tubes broad, enlarged into bladders
in the thorax, invisible in the living larva. Air-tube stout, slightly conically
tapered outwardly, about three times as long as wide ; no pecten ; a single tuft
near base. A large plate on sides of eighth segment with two stout spinulose
hairs on its posterior margin. Anal segment about as long as wide, ringed by
the plate, fringed behind with a row of spines ; dorsal tufts of two long brushes
on each side ; a single spinulose lateral hair ; ventral brush well developed, of
branched tufts with long feathering; anal gills very short, bud-shaped.

The larvae live in the thick dark brown water in broken and discarded cocoa-
nuts, preying upon the larva; of Joblotia, Hamagogus and other species found
therein. Mr. Knab took larvae from cocoanut husks on two occasions. They
perhaps also inhabit tree-holes and artificial receptacles, when in favorable
situations. Mr. Knab found some adults resting upon low herbage in a wooded
place in the daytime. When disturbed they would fly a short distance and
alight upon another leaf, usually near the tip. Two of them that were fright-
ened away returned to the same bush after a short time and none could be found
away from the spot where they were first seen. The specimens were all males.
In flying they made a shrill piping sound. Later, in the same place, after rain,
two more males were taken upon the same bush and shortly after a female was
found on the side of a tree-trunk close by. A thorough search of the vicinity
revealed no more specimens.

Central America.
61

954

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Tapachula, State of Chiapas, Mexico (D. L. Crawford) ; Antigua, Guatemala,
September, 1902 (G. Eisen) ; Sonsonate, Salvador, August 30, 1905 (F.
Knab) ; Izalco, Salvador, August 21, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Eio Aranjuez, near
Puntarenas, Costa Pica, September 13, 1905 (F. Knab).

MEGARHINUS GUADELOUPENSIS Dyar and Knab.

Megarhinus violaceus Coquillett (in part, not Wiedemann), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur.

Ent, Tech. Ser. No. 11, 14, 1906 (male).
Megarhinus guadeloupensis Dyar & Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., xlviii, 247,

248, 254, 1906.

Megarhinus guadeloupensis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 603, 1910.

Original Description of Megarhinus guadeloupensis:

Female. — Head pearly green and blue above, silvery at the sides and beneath. An-
tennae very slender; the second segment not stouter and more than twice as long as
the third, without crest of erect scales. Palpi slender, cylindrical, violet, the apices
of the segments mauve; third segment laterally compressed, thickened at the apex,
nearly twice as long as the fourth; fourth segment shorter than second. Prothoracic
lobes bright blue. Mesothorax metallic green and blue, the two colors of about equal
strength, the blue in a median line and at the sides. At the roots of the wings and
on the scutellum patches of bright, almost brassy, scales. Pleurae and coxa? silvery
with a yellowish tinge. Abdomen passing from dull greenish through blue and
violet on the seventh segment to golden purple on the eighth. Eighth segment with
dark bristles. Ventral surface entirely golden.

Legs deep violet, the femora golden beneath. Front tarsi unicolorous; middle
tarsi with the second segment white on the outside (3-5 missing); hind tarsi with
the fourth segment partly white.

Male. — Antenna? slender, sparsely plumose; the second segment but little stouter
than the following ones, slightly longer than the third and fourth together, without
crest of scales. Palpi long and slender; the second segment is a trifle shorter than
the third, the third and fourth are of nearly equal length, the fifth longer than these
two together. The coloration of the body is similar to that of the female. The legs
are entirely dark without a trace of white on any of the tarsi.

Length, 5-7 mm.

Type No. 9956, U. S. N. M.

Locality: Guadeloupe, West Indies (A. Busck).

1 1 cf. Bred from larva? found together in Bromelia water. The male is much
denuded. Mr. Coquillett's characterization of the male M. violaceus is based on this
specimen. The palpi are remarkably slender in this species, a particularly notice-
able feature in the female. Another unique feature is the absence of erect scales
on the second antennal segment in both sexes.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Megarhinus guadeloupensis:

Female. — Proboscis rather long, curved, tapering to a point. Palpi long,
rather slender, nearly two-thirds the length of the proboscis ; long joint rather
stout, compressed, clavate, with a constriction at basal two-fifths ; penultimate
joint cylindrical, about two-fifths as long as the preceding; terminal joint
minute ; vestiture deep violet, beneath dark golden scaled, apices of segments
bright metallic violet. Antennae filiform, very delicate, the joints subequal,
with whorls of sparse hairs; second segment less than twice the length of the
following one and but little stouter, without dorsal crest of scales; tori deep
brown with silvery pruinosity. Clypeus transverse and broadly rounded, dark
brown with silvery pruinosity. Occiput covered with flat bright bluish-green
iridescent scales, ocular margins narrowly silver-white ; cheeks and head beneath
silvery scaled.

Prothoracic lobes very prominent, covered with bright metallic blue scales
and bearing a few coarse black seta?. Mesonotum clothed with small deep
brown scales on the disk, a median stripe metallic-blue, lateral margins broadly
light greenish-blue and subdorsal stripes of greenish scales becoming confluent
with the lateral margins in front, posteriorly the blue scales diffused over entire
surface ; patches over roots of wings bright greenish-silvery. Scutellum clothed

MEGARHINTJS GUADELOUPENSIS

955

with broad, flat, bright greenish-silvery scales. Postnotum brown, nude.
Pleurae and coxa? luteous-brown, densely clothed with silver scales with a yel-
lowish tinge.

Abdomen subcylindrical, dorsally depressed; dorsal vestiture bluish-green at
base, passing into deep blue and then into violet-red on last two segments, a
series of segmental yellowish-silvery lateral spots, broadest basally ; first seg-
ment light metallic blue scaled with greenish reflections; last segment with
black terminal bristles ; no caudal tufts ; venter entirely pale golden scaled.

Wings broader than in any of preceding species, hyaline with a slight smoky
tinge, particularly on anterior portion; basal cross-vein oblique, contiguous
with anterior cross-vein ; costal vein dark purple scaled. Halteres pale, with
dark silver scaled knobs.

Legs slender, dark reddish-purple scaled ; femora brassy beneath : middle
tarsi with second segment white-marked on outer side ; hind tarsi with fourth
segment white marked to near apex. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body 8 mm. ; wing 6 mm.

Male. — Proboscis rather long, curved and tapering to a point. Palpi long,
about as long as the proboscis, slender; long joint about two-fifths the entire
length of the palpi, compressed, with a false articulation about two-fifths from
base, and dilated at apex; penultimate joint about three-fifths the length of the
preceding and about equally stout, compressed; terminal joint about as long as
long joint, slender, slightly curved and tapering to a point; vestiture deep
violet, false articulation and apices of all the joints but the last light shining
blue scaled. Antenna? rather delicate, plumose, but much less densely than in
the other species; last two joints long and slender, the others short and stout,
cylindrical, luteous, with basal whorls of long, moderately abundant hairs;
second segment slightly over twice as long as the succeeding one and but a trifle
stouter, without crest of scales; tori black with silvery pruinosity. Clypeus
rather large and prominent, broadly rounded at the sides and very slightly pro-
duced at the middle, brown with silvery pruinosity. Mesonotum much denuded
in the unique specimen ; the remaining scales indicate a correspondence of the
thoracic pattern with that of the female. Abdomen elongate, depressed ; dorsal
vestiture dark blue with a greenish tinge at base; venter entirely pale golden
scaled. Wings slightly narrower than in the female ; costal vein bearing dull
coppery scales; basal cross-vein oblique and reaching fourth vein nearly its own
length behind anterior cross-vein. Legs long and slender; vestiture nearly
black, with a violet reflection; bases and under sides of femora brassy. Claw
formula, 1.0-1.0-0.0.

Length : Body 6 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 36, fig. 244) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide,
sharply tapered to a narrow rounded apex; basal lobe broad, rounded, clothed
with similar setae to those on side-pieces. Clasp-filament long and slender,
as long as side-piece, nearly uniform, smooth, with a long slender articulated
terminal spine and a few minute setae near tip. Harpes large, prominent,
narrow, concave, margins revolute, tip thickened and bent, pointed, and with a
few' minute setae. Unci conical at base, tip produced into long points, dentate
within. Basal appendages forming a low broad rounded quadrate prominence,
with a tuft of setag at each angle.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 127, fig. 443). — Head subquadrate, slightly longer
than wide, sides nearly straight; antennae on a slight prominence; front deeply
emarginate at middle, a prominent lobe on each side of it. Antenna? slender,
rather long, cylindrical, slightly curved ; two hairs and a small tuft before tip.
Mouth-brushes inserted beneath apices of anterior lobes, folded downward and

956

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

backward, each composed of ten stout lamellae with curved tips. Mandibles
quadrangular, smooth; a long appendage before tip; an outer row of coarse
cilia; terminal dentition of four teeth, very large, ensiform, the third small,
a rudimentary fifth shown. Maxilla rounded quadrangular, excavate in the
middle ; basal angle with a group of flattened appendages with recurved tips ;
inner angle with shorter seta?; palpus nearly separated by a suture, erect,
columnar, flat at tip, with rudimentary digits. Thorax rounded, about as wide
as long; lateral hairs short, very stout, the heaviest ones spinulose. Abdomen
stout, the segments angled at the sides, the anterior ones narrow and transverse ;
hairs moderately long, the lateral ones multiple. Eighth segment with a large
chitinous plate at the sides, bearing two stout spinulose hairs on its distal
margin. Air-tube stout, about three and a half times as long as broad, slightly
tapered, without pecten and with a multiple tuft close to base beneath. Anal
segment nearly as long as broad, ringed by the plate, which has a spinulose
apical margin ; dorsal tufts of two long brushes on each side ; a single spinulose
lateral hair ; ventral brush well developed, the tufts with long feathering ; anal
gills very short, bud-like.

The larvae live in the water at the leaf -bases of Bromeliaceae and feed upon the
other mosquito larva? occurring therein.

Island of Guadeloupe, West Indies.

La Soufriere, July 30, 1905 (A. Busck).

We have only the single pair of specimens brought home by Mr. Busck. It
is probable that the species inhabits neighboring islands also.

MEGARHINUS HYPOPTES Knab.

Megarhina ferox Macquart (not Humboldt, not Wiedemann), Mem. Soc. roy. des

Sci., de l'Agr. et des Arts de Lille, 1844; Dipt, exot, Suppl., 1, 7, 1846.
Megarhinus hypoptes Knab, Can. Ent., xxxix, 50, 1907.

Megarhinus trinidadensis Busck (not Dyar & Knab), Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss.,
lii, 60, 1908.

Megarhinus hypoptes Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., lii, 60, 1908.
Megarhinus hypoptes Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 90, 1910.

Original Description of Megarhinus hypoptes :

Male: Head behind the eyes velvety-black, the eyes broadly bordered with light
metallic-blue, beneath and at the sides silvery. Antennae densely plumose; the
toruli with silvery lustre; second segment long and stout, longer than the three
succeeding ones, somewhat compressed laterally, the heavy scaling of the crest
condensed to a prominent iridescent blue patch on the anterior portion. Palpi
metallic-blue and purple, segments 2 to 4 pale lilac at the tip, second and fourth
segments nearly equal, the third longer, fifth twice as long as the fourth. Pro-
thoracic lobes deep metallic-blue. Mesothorax greenish-black on the disk, with a few
coppery scales intermixed; the anterior and posterior margins, an ill-defined median
line and patches at the middle of the sides metallic-blue. Scutellum and post-scu-
tellum bright metallic-blue. Pleura and coxae silvery. Abdomen above deep blue,
passing from greenish to a violaceous-tinge towards the tip, segments 6, 7 and 8
marked with gold at the hind angles, the seventh with a fine golden hind margin.
Claspers violet-scaled. Sixth and seventh segments laterally expanded, reaching
their greatest width at the tip of the seventh. No caudal tufts. Lateral abdominal
cilia pale on all the segments but the last, dark on the eighth and the genitalia.
Abdomen beneath yellowish-silvery, with a median blue stripe. The stripe is widest
on the third and fourth segments, and narrows to a fine line on the sixth and
seventh. Eighth segment violaceous beneath, tipped with gold. Legs deep violet
and blue, the hind tarsi only white-marked. Under surface of the femora bright
brassy. On the hind legs the fourth and fifth tarsal joints are silvery-white on the
outer side, black on the inner. Length, 9.5 mm. (exclusive of appendages).

Type— Cat. No. 10,146, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Locality. — Bluefields, Nicaragua. (W. F. Thornton.)

MEGARHINUS HYPOPTES

957

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Megarhinus hypoptes:

Female. — Proboscis rather long, curved, tapering to a point. Palpi long,
rather stout, nearly two-thirds the length of the proboscis; long joint rather
stout, compressed, with a constriction at basal two-fifths ; penultimate joint
cylindrical, about two-fifths the length of the preceding; terminal joint minute;
vestiture deep violet-blue, long joint golden-scaled beneath, penultimate joint
with scattered golden scales on the inner side ; apices of joints and false articu-
lation pale lilac scaled. Antennas filiform, delicate, the joints subequal, with
whorls of very sparse hairs; second segment nearly twice the length of third
and but little stouter, its basal half with a crest of erect dark scales ; tori black
with silvery pruinosity. Clypeus transverse and broadly rounded, black, with
silvery pruinosity. Occiput covered with flat, brilliant dark blue scales, margins
of eyes narrowly silvery- white ; cheeks and head beneath silvery scaled.

Prothoracic lobes very prominent, covered with flat, brilliant blue scales and
bearing a few coarse black seta?. Mesonotum predominatingly metallic-blue
scaled, a pair of subdorsal brown stripes, broad in front and narrowing pos-
teriorly, not reaching the base ; lateral margins involving anterior angles
broadly silvery-blue scaled ; roots of wings brilliant blue scaled. Scutellum
bright blue scaled in the middle, silvery-blue at the sides. Postnotum chestnut-
brown, nude. Pleurae and coxaa luteous-brown, densely silver scaled.

Abdomen subcylindrical, dorsally depressed; dorsal vestiture metallic green-
ish-blue at base, deeper blue towards apex, a series of segmental, lateral pale
golden spots, which become apical on sixth and seventh segments ; first segment
bright silvery-blue scaled ; eighth segment entirely violet golden ; venter pale
golden-scaled, with median longitudinal violet-blue line, narrowest on seventh
segment; eighth segment mostly violet-blue scaled; lateral cilia pale yellowish,
terminal bristles black ; no caudal tufts.

Wings rather narrow, hyaline with a slight smoky tinge, particularly on
anterior portion ; costal vein dark purple scaled ; basal cross-vein oblique,
contiguous with anterior cross-vein. Halteres pale, with black silver scaled
knobs.

Legs slender, dark blue and violet scaled, femora brassy beneath ; front tarsi
with second and third joints silver-blue scaled all around; middle tarsi with
second and nearly all of third joints silver-white scaled all around, some white
scales at base of fourth joint; hind tarsi with apex of third and all of fourth
and fifth joints silver-white scaled all around. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 7 mm. ; wing 6 mm.

Male. — Proboscis rather long, curved, tapering to a point. Palpi long, some-
what exceeding the proboscis in length ; long joint rather stout, somewhat com-
pressed, apex dilated, with a false articulation before the middle ; penultimate
joint slightly more than half the length of preceding, equally stout and some-
what compressed ; terminal joint about as long as long joint, slender, slightly
curved and tapering to a point; vestiture metallic blue and purple, false articu-
lation and apices of all but last joint silvery- violet scaled; long joint mostly
brassy scaled at the sides and beneath. Antennae rather stout, densely plumose ;
last two joints long and slender, the others short, stout, cylindrical, with basal
whorls of long dense hairs ; second segment about three times as long as the
succeeding one, rather stout and with a dense crest of scales, black on basal
half and metallic blue apically ; tori black with silvery pruinosity. Clypeus
transverse, broadly rounded, black with silvery pruinosity. Occiput metallic-
blue, ocular margins brighter blue. Mesonotum clothed on the disk with deep
brown, greenish-black and coppery-bronze scales intermixed, lateral margins
broadly bright metallic blue scaled; also indications of a median and subdorsal
stripes ; patches of brilliant blue scales over roots of wings. Scutellum clothed

958

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

with brilliant dark blue scales. Abdomen elongate ; dorsal vestiture deep blue,
at base with a greenish tinge, at apex shading into violet; lateral margins of
segments silver marked with a yellowish tinge, expanded at apical angles of
sixth and seventh segments, which are also finely margined behind with silver ;
vestiture of eighth segment almost black and with apical spots of yellowish
silvery scales ; claspers purple scaled ; venter silver scaled with a yellowish tinge
and with a steel-blue median longitudinal stripe, broad in front, narrow pos-
teriorly, becoming linear on the seventh segment; eighth segment deep blue
scaled beneath; lateral ciliation short, pale yellowish, eighth segment with
coarse black hairs. Wings narrow; basal cross-vein oblique, reaching fourth
vein just behind anterior cross-vein. Legs slender, very deep violet and blue
scaled ; femora brassy scaled beneath ; middle tarsi with second segment brighter
metallic blue on outer side; hind tarsi with fourth and fifth segments clear
white on outer side, black on inner side. Claw formula, 1.0-1.0-0.0.
Length : Body 9.5 mm. ; wing 7.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 36, fig. 241) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, taper-
ing to the narrowly rounded tips ; basal lobe low, conical, with stout seta? at tip
and small ones basally. Clasp-filament long and slender, nearly as long as side-
piece, with an articulated terminal spine, and minute seta? beyond middle.
Harpes prominent, large, concave, margin revolute, tip bent outward and
pointed. Unci conical at base, tips produced into long points, dentate within.
Basal appendages forming a rounded quadrate prominence, with seta? on the two
lateral angles.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 128, fig. 445).— Head rounded subquadrate, slightly
longer than wide, front strongly emarginate at middle, with a prominent lobe
on each side of it. Mouth-brushes of ten lamella?, curved, inserted under
apices of anterior lobes. Antenna? rather long, very slender, smooth, with small
seta? beyond middle. Dorsal head-hairs single, grouped in vicinity of antenna?.
Eighth abdominal segment with a lateral plate with irregular angled corners,
bearing two stout feathered seta? on its posterior border and two minute tufts.
Air-tube over three times as long as wide, slightly tapering outwardly, smooth,
a single hair-tuft close to base. Anal segment with a broad chitinous ring
which bears a fringe of long spines on its posterior margin ; dorsal tufts of two
groups of long hairs on each side ; lateral hair thick and feathered ; ventral brush
well developed, composed of hairs with long featherings; anal gills short, bud-
shaped, rounded, subequal.

The larva? live in the water in broken bamboo-stems. Mr. Busck and Mr.
Jennings obtained them only in their bamboo-traps. The prey must be the larva?
of the species of Hcemagogus, Wyeomyia and others that live in such locations.
Mr. Jennings bred one specimen, together with another of Megarhinus superbus,
from a larva found in water at the leaf -bases of a terrestrial bromeliad.

Central America.

Bluefields, Nicaragua (W. F. Thornton) ; Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama,
May 21, 1907 (A. Busck), June 30, July 24, September 3, 1908, and February
4, 1909 (A. H. Jennings). Beported also by Macquart, but without locality.

According to Macquart's good description, this is the species he had before
him under the name Megarhina ferox in 1844, but not the one so named by him
in 1834 (Hist. Nat. des Ins., Dipt, i, 33, 1834). This latter appears to have
been one of the Brazilian species not now before us.

MEGARHINUS PORTORICENSIS von Roder.

Megarrhina portoricensis von Roder, But. Zeit., Stettin, xlvi, 337, 1885.
Megarhina portoricensis Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 133, 1900.
Megarhina sp. (from St. Domingo) Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 137, 1900.
Megarhinus portoricensis Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, i, 232, 1901.

MEGARHINUS PORTORICENSIS

959

Megarhina portoricensis Giles (in part), Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 275, 1902.
Megarhinus portoricensis Blanchard (in part), Les Moust., 224, 1905.
Megarhinus portoricensis Coquillett (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech.
Ser. 11, 14, 1906.

Megarhinus portoricensis Dyar & Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., xlviii, 247,
1906.

Megarhinus haitiensis Dyar & Knab, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., xlviii, 248, 253,
1906.

Megarhinus portoricensis Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 129, 1907.
Megarhinus portoricensis Pazos, San. y Benef., ii, 46, 186, 1909.
Megarhinus portoricensis Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, v, 93, 1910.
Megarhinus haitiensis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 602, 1910.

Original Description of Megarriiina portoricensis:

Thorace badio viridi-aureo squamulato, abdomine pedibus palpisque chalybeis;
tarsorum posticorum articulo paenultimo argenteo.

Patria: Insula Portorico. (Long. 8 mm J\)

Fiihler braunlich; Taster stahlblau, in das Veilchenblaue iibergehend. Riissel
lang, stahlblau. Kopf am hinteren Augenrande und vorn um das erste Fiihlerglied
weiss schimmernd. Thorax dunkelbraun, mit griingoldenen Schuppen (die aber
bei dem mir vorliegenden Exemplar theilweise abgerieben sind). An den Brust-
seiten befinden sich iiber den Hiiften silberweiss behaarte Flecke. Schildchen mit
griingoldenen Schuppen. Hinterleib schon stahlblau, an den aussersten Seiten-
randern weisslich schimmernd. Beine stahlblau, die Hiiften silberweiss beschuppt;
die Schenkel an der Unterseite goldgelb beschuppt; das vorletzte Fussglied an den
Hintertarsen ist silberweiss beschuppt. Adern der Fliigel am Vorderrande mehr
dunkel gesaumt, gegen den Hinterrand heller. Schwinger hell.

Original Description of Megarhinus haitiensis:

Female. — Head above pearly blue, at the sides and beneath silvery. Antennae:
second segment twice as long as the third, hardly stouter, swollen basally, a crest
of scales on the basal half. Palpi deep blue and violet with a few silvery scales,
segments pale at the apex. Fourth segment cylindrical, slightly shorter than the
second; third longest, nearly twice as long as the fourth. Prothoracic lobes bright
blue. Mesothorax very dark blue on the disc, a median lighter blue stripe bounded
at the sides by a patch of dull brown scales, the sides pale bluish. Scutellum, roots
of the wings, and first abdominal segment silvery blue and green-scaled. Pleurae
and coxae silvery. Abdomen deep blue, the seventh and eighth segments violet.
Sides silvery. Venter pale golden with a broad median blue area. Eighth segment
with terminal bristles.

Legs dark blue and violet. Femora pale golden beneath. Hind tarsi only marked
with white — the fourth segment, all but its tip.

Male. — Antennae densely plumose; second segment stout, as long as the next
three; its crest densely clothed with semi-erect scales. Palpi blue and violet, seg-
ments 2, 3 and 4 with scattered golden scales and pale mauve apices. Second seg-
ment slightly shorter than fourth, third slightly longer; the fifth longer than the
third and fourth together. Mesothorax with blue median line becoming green
posteriorly and merging into the color of the scutellum. On each side of the blue
median line a dull brown stripe from the front to the basal third. Well forward and
close to the pale lateral stripe is a patch of very dark blue scales; behind this, along
the basal half, is another stripe of dull brown. All these markings are obscured by
a sprinkling of bright green scales. Over the roots of the wings are patches of
brilliant blue scales. Abdomen blue, violet on the seventh and eighth segments.
Light spots at the sides of some of the segments. Under side silvery with a median
blue stripe, the eighth segment violet, the ninth with a silvery spot. Lateral hairs
pale yellow, dark on the eighth and ninth segments.

Legs deep blue and violet. Under side of femora silvery or pale golden. Hind
tarsi with the fourth segment, mostly white.

Length, 7-9 mm.

Type: No. 9955, U. S. N. M.

Locality: San Francisco Mts., Santo Domingo, West Indies (A. Busck).

3 1 5- Bred from larvae found in tree-holes. The male and female agree in
tarsal markings and our specimens show no variation. The difference in the mark-
ing of the thorax of the female are due to abrasion, the description of the male
shows the appearance in perfect specimens. This is the only species we have seen
in which the tarsal markings are identical in the two sexes.

The description of portoricensis, as far as it goes, agrees with our species. The
species is founded on a single male. Until we can compare specimens of both sexes
from Portorico we assume the Santo Domingan form to be a distinct species.

960

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Megarhintts portoricensis:

Female. — Proboscis rather long, curved, tapering to a point. Palpi stout
and long, about two-thirds the length of the proboscis; long joint compressed,
with a constriction at the basal two-fifths • penultimate joint stout, cylindrical,
about two-fifths as long as preceding; terminal joint minute; vestiture metallic
blue and purple, beneath mostly brassy scaled; false articulation and apex of
long joint pale violet scaled. Antenna? filiform, slender, the joints subequal,
with whorls of long, very delicate hairs, almost plumose; second joint nearly
half as long again as the succeeding one, on its basal half a dorsal crest of erect
black scales; tori black with silvery pruinosity. Clypeus transverse, broadly
rounded, black with silvery pruinosity. Occiput covered with flat bright blue
and green iridescent scales, ocular margins broadly silvered; cheeks and head
beneath silvery scaled.

Prothoracic lobes very prominent, covered with flat metallic-blue scales and
bearing a few coarse black setas. Mesonotum much denuded in the unique
specimen ; scales on the disk dark brown with metallic dark blue ones scattered
about ; lateral margins broadly light metallic blue, and a trace of a blue median
stripe ; posteriorly many bright green scales, and over roots of wings patches of
brilliant blue scales. Scutellum covered with bright silvery-blue scales. Post-
notum brown, nude. Pleurae and coxae deep brown, covered with silvery scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, but slightly larger at the middle, with a slight
dorsal ridge on basal half; dorsal vestiture of dark metallic-blue scales which
shade off into violaceous on the seventh and eighth segments, a series of narrow
segmental lateral spots of silvery-white ; first segment bright silvery-blue scaled ;
venter very pale golden scaled, with a median longitudinal stripe of metallic
dark blue scales ; tip of abdomen with coarse yellowish bristles ; no caudal tufts.

Wings rather narrow, clear, with smoky tinge on anterior margin; costal
vein dark purple scaled; basal cross-vein oblique, close to anterior cross-vein.
Halteres pale, with black silver scaled knobs.

Legs slender; vestiture dark metallic-blue and purple; knees white; under
sides of femora silvery; fourth segment of hind tarsi brilliant white, black at
tip. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length: Body 8 mm.; wing 6.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis rather long, curved, tapering to a point. Palpi rather
stout, very long, slightly longer than the proboscis ; long joint stout, somewhat
compressed, dilated at apex, a false articulation about two-fifths from base;
penultimate joint stout, slightly dilated at tip, about three-fifths the length
of the preceding; terminal joint about as long as long joint, slender, very
slightly curved and tapering to a point; vestiture metallic-blue and purple,
false articulations and apices of all but last joint light shining blue, beneath
and at the sides all but the last joint mostly brassy scaled. Antennae stout, very
densely plumose; last two joints long and slender, the others short, stout,
cylindrical, with basal whorls of long dense black hairs; second segment long
and stout, compressed, more than twice the length of tbe succeeding one and
bearing a crest of erect purplish iridescent scales ; tori deep brown, covered with
silvery pruinosity. Clypeus broadly rounded, somewhat produced at middle,
deep brown. Occiput bright metallic-blue scaled, ocular margins silvery;
cheeks and head beneath silvery scaled. Prothoracic lobes prominent, clothed
with flat, brilliant metallic-blue scales and bearing a few coarse black setae.
Mesonotum clothed with deep brown scales on the disk, lateral margins in-
volving anterior angles and a median stripe light metallic-blue and green scaled ;
on posterior half of disk ill defined subdorsal stripes of metallic blue and green
scales, and these predominate toward posterior margin ; anteriorly close to the
margin are elongate patches of metallic, very deep blue scales; patches of

MEGARHINUS PORTORICENSIS

961

brilliant light blue scales over roots of wings. Scutellum light greenish-blue
scaled at the middle, silvery-blue at the sides. Abdomen elongate ; dorsal vesti-
ture deep metallic-blue, seventh and eighth segments brilliant violet; sides of
segments silver marked ; claspers violet scaled ; venter silver scaled, with a rather
broad metallic-blue median stripe, eighth segment violet at base, silvery at tip ;
lateral ciliation short, delicate, and pale. Wings narrow; basal cross-vein
oblique, in one specimen reaching the fourth vein far behind a very small
anterior cross-vein; in the two other specimens the cross-veins are contiguous
or nearly so. Legs slender; vestiture very dark blue and purple, knees white;
under sides of femora golden scaled; front tibiae with brassy scales on inner
side, middle tibiae with brassy scales on outer side ; fourth segment of hind tarsi
brilliant white, black at apex. Claw formula, 1.0-1.0-0.0.
Length : Body 7 to 9 mm. ; wing 6 to 9 mm.

Genitalia (plate 36, fig. 240) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, sharply
tapered to a narrow rounded tip ; basal lobe, low, rounded, with coarse setas on
summit and small ones basally. Clasp-filament long and slender, nearly as long
as side-piece, smooth, with a long articulated terminal spine. Harpes large,
prominent, concave, with revolute margins, tip bent outward, acuminate, with
several minute setaa. Unci with elliptical base, tips slender and produced, serrate
within. Basal appendages remote, rounded, setose, connected by a broad, shallow
emargination.

Larva, Stage IV (plate 127, fig. 440). — Head subquadrate, longer than wide,
sides nearly straight, antennae on a slight prominence ; front deeply emarginate
at middle, a prominent lobe on each side of it. Antennae rather long, slender,
cylindrical, scarcely tapered terminally, smooth; two separate hairs at outer
fourth followed by a short multiple tuft ; three small terminal digits and a seta.
Mouth-brushes inserted on anterior lobes of head, lamellate, folded downward
and backward. Mental plate broadly triangular, an apical tooth in a shallow
sinus; nine stout subequal teeth on each side; other toothed plates superposed.
Mandible quadrangular, straight without, smooth ; two branched appendages at
the angle before tip; an outer row of coarse cilia; terminal dsntition of five
very large teeth, ensiform, the third and fifth smaller. Maxilla rounded quad-
rangular, excavate at tip, basal angle with a group of flattened appendages with
recurved tips ; inner angle with shorter filaments ; palpus nearly separated by a
suture, erect, columnar, flat at tip, smooth, with rudimentary terminal digits.
Thorax rounded, about as long as wide; lateral hairs short, very stout, the
heaviest ones spinulose. Abdomen stout, the segments angled on the sides,
anterior ones narrow and transverse ; hairs abundant, moderately long, all the
lateral hairs multiple to fifth segment, double on sixth. Tracheal tubes large,
expanded into bladders in the thorax. Air-tube stout, slightly conically tapered
outwardly, about two and a half times as long as wide ; no pecten ; a single tuft
near base. A large plate on sides of eighth segment, with two stout spinulose
hairs on its posterior margin. Anal segment about as long as wide, ringed by
the plate, which is fringed with spines behind ; dorsal tufts of two long brushes
on each side ; a single spinulose lateral hair ; ventral brush well developed, of
branched feathered tufts; anal gdls very short, bud-shaped.

The larvae inhabit water in holes in trees. Mr. Busck found them twice in
holes in palm-trunks and once in another tree not specifically mentioned. They
feed upon the larvae of Aedes mediovittata and other species inhabiting hollow
trees.

Greater Antilles.

San Francisco Mountains, Santo Domingo, September, 1905 (A. Busck) ;
Cuba (Osten Sacken, specimen in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam-
bridge, Massachusetts). Beported also from Porto Bico (von Boder).

962

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

The specimen which we have examined from Cuba is in very poor condition,
hut as well as we are able to judge, belongs to this species. Theobald, in the
fourth volume of the Monograph of Culicidse, places the species correctly in his
synoptic table, but adds " caudal tuft steel-blue and white." The specimens
before us have no caudal tufts whatever, although they are bred and in excellent
condition, and we can only regard this statement as erroneous. It originated,
apparently, in Colonel Giles's work, and has been carelessly reproduced by other
authors without personal verification.

The records of Megarhinus portoriccnsis, by Williston from St. Vincent
(Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1896, 270), and by Theobald, from Georgia, Missis-
sippi, Para, Brazil, and Grenada (Mon. Culic., i, 233, 1901; v, 93, 1910) we
believe to be based on misidentifications. The specimens so reported from locali-
ties in the United States are unquestionably males of M. septentrionalis. We
have not seen specimens of M. portoricensis from the Lesser Antilles or South
America and we do not believe that it occurs there; the fauna of the lesser
islands is, in the main, distinct from that of the Greater Antilles and nearly
related to that of South America. It should be further noted that the males
of Megarhinus septentrionalis were for many years identified as M. portoriccnsis
by Mr. Coquillett and that this led to many erroneous records.

Group ANOPHELINES.

Genus ANOPHELES Meigen.

Anopheles Meigen, Syst. Beschr. bek. europ. zweifl. Ins., i, 10, 1818.
Anopheles Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot, 10, 1821.

Anopheles Macquart, Recueil des trav. Soc. d'Amat. Sci. Agr. et Arts de Lille, 162,

1825.

Anopheles Robineau-Desvoidy, Mem. Soc. d'Hist. Nat., iii, 403, 410, 1827.

Anopheles Latreille, Cuvier's Regne Animal, 2 ed., v, 439, 1829.

Anopheles Macquart, Hist. nat. des Ins., Dipt., i, 32, 1834.

Anopheles Macquart, Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Agr. et Arts de Lille, ii, 35, 1838.

Anopheles Macquart, Dipt. Exot., i, 1, 31, 1838.

Anopheles Blanchard, E., Hist. nat. des Ins., iii, 564, 1841.

Anopheles Loew, Dipt. Beitr., i, 3, 1845.

Anopheles Meigen, Syst. Beschr. bek. europ. zweifl. Ins. (reprint), i, 8, 1851.
Anopheles Schiner, Fauna Austr., Die Fliegen (Dipt), ii, 624, 1864.
Anopheles Van der Wulp, Dipt. Neerlandica, 322, 329, 1877.
Anopheles Skuse, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., 2 ser., iii, 1751, 1889.
Anopheles Lynch Arribalzaga, Rev. Mus. de La Plata, i, 372, ii, 134, 1891.
Anopheles Townsend, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xix, 149, 1892.
Anopheles Ficalbi, Bui. Soc. Ent. Ital., xxxi, 123, 1899.

Anopheles Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent, Circular, 40, 2d ser., 4, 1900.

Anopheles Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent, N. Ser., Bull. 25, 19, 1900.

Anopheles Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 139, 1900.

Anopheles Howard, Mosquitoes, 91, 235, 1901.

Anopheles Grassi, Studi di uno zool. sulla Malaria, 2 ed., 95, 1901.

Cycloleppteron Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., iv, 234, 1901 (without species).

Anopheles Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., iv, 234, 1901.

Cyclolepidopteron Blanchard, C. R. Soc. Biol., liii, 1046, 1901.

Anopheles Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 115, 1901.

Cycloleppteron Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 205, ii, 312, 1901.

Anopheles Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., v, 181, 1902.

Grassia Theobald (not Fisch) ; Journ. Trop. Med., v, 181, 1902.

Cycloleppteron Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., v, 181, 182, 1902.

Stethomyia Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., v, 181, 182, 1902.

Howardia Theobald (not Dalla Torre), Journ. Trop. Med., v, 181, 182, 1902.

Rossia Theobald (not Bonaparte, not Owen), Journ. Trop. Med., v, 181, 183, 1902.

Laverania Theobald (not Grassi and Feletti), Journ. Trop. Med., v, 181, 183, 1902.

Cellia Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., v, 183, 1902.

Myzomyia Blanchard, C. R. Soc. Biol. Paris, liv, 795, 1902.

Pyretophorus Blanchard, C. R. Soc. Biol. Paris, liv, 795, 1902.

Myzorhynchus Blanchard, C. R. Soc. Biol. Paris, liv, 795, 1902.

Nyssorhynchus Blanchard, C. R. Soc. Biol. Paris, liv, 795, 1902.

Anopheles, Myzomyia and Cyclolepidopteron Neveu-Lemaire, C. R. Soc. Biol. Paris,
liv, 1330, 1902.

ANOPHELES

963

Anopheles Donitz. Zeitschr. Hygiene u. Infectionskrankh., xli, 31, 1902.

Anopheles Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 280, 281, 1902.

Cycloleppteron Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 280, 331, 1902.

Anopheles Neveu-Lemaire, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, xv, 204, 1902.

Anopheles Theobald, Mon. Culic., iii, 17, 1903.

Myzomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 24, 1903.

Cycloleppteron Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 55, 1903.

Btethomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 62, 1903.

Pyretophorus Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 66, 1903.

Arribalzagia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 81, 1903.

Myzorhynehus Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 84, 1903.

Nyssorhynchus Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 92, 1903.

Cellia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 107, 1903.

Aldrichia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 353, 1903.

Ghristya Theobald, Repts. Sleep. Sickn. Comm., Roy. Soc Lond., iii, 34, 1903.
Cycloleppteron and Anopheles Coquillett, Rev. de Med. Trop., iv, 113, 1903.
Anopheles Johannsen, Bull. 68, N. Y. State Mus., 390, 391, 392, 405, 1903.
Lophomyia Giles, Journ. Trop. Med., vii, 366, 1904.

Anopheles, Stethomyia, Cycloleppteron, Myzomyia, Pyretophorus, Myzorhynehus,
Arribalzagia, Chrystya, 'Nyssorhynchus, Cellia and Aldrichia Giles, Re-
vision of the Anophelinas, 23-46, 1904.

Cellia, Pyretophorus, Cycloleppteron and Anopheles Lahille, Actas y Trab. 2 Congr.
Med. Latino-Amer., ii, 13, 1904.

Cyclolepidopteron, Stethomyia, Cellia, Arribalzagia, Pyretophorus and Myzomyia
Lutz, in Bourroul, Mosquitos do Brasil, 51-52, 1904.

Anopheles Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 265, 266, 391a, 1904.

Lophoscelomyia Theobald, The Entom., xxxvii, 12, 1904.

Anopheles James & Liston, Monograph of the Anopheles mosquitoes of India, Cal-
cutta, 1904.

Anopheles Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vii, 44, 45, 1905.

Anopheles, Myzomyia, Cycloleppteron, Stethomyia, Pyretophorus, Arribalzagia,
Myzorhynehus, Ghristya, Lophoscelomyia, Nyssorhynchus, Cellia, and
Aldrichia Theobald, Genera Ins., Dipt., 26 fasc, 6-11, 1905.

Anopheles, Myzomyia, Cyclolepidopteron, Stethomyia, Pyretophorus, Myzorhynehus,
Nyssorhynchus, and Cellia Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 151-152, 159-214,
1905.

Arribalzagaia, Aldrichia, Ghristya, and Lophomyia Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 624-
625, 1905.

Anopheles, Arribalzagia, Cellia, and Cycloleppteron Theobald & Grabham, Mosq. or

Culic. of Jamaica, 7, 1905.
Kerteszia Theobald, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungar., iii, 66, 1905.

Myzomyia. Anopheles, Cycloleppteron and Cellia Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur.

Ent, Tech. Ser. No. 11, 12, 13, 1906.
Nototricha Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech. Ser. No. 11, 12, 13, 1906.
Anopheles Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 174, 1906.
Pseudomyzomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, insert slip, 1907.

Anopheles, Myzomyia, Cycloleppteron, Stethomyia, Pyretophorus, Arribalzagia,
Myzorhynehus, Christya, Lophoscelomyia, Nyssorhynchus, Cellia, Al-
drichia and Kerteszia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv] 22-23, 1907.

Myzorhynchclla Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 23, 78, 1907.

Feltinella Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 22, 56, 1907.

Nototricha Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 54, 1907.

Lophoscelomyia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 91, 1907.

Neocellia Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 23, 111. 1907.

Neocellia Rothwell, The Entomologist, xl. 34, 1997.

Anopheles Dyar & Knab, Can. Ent., xxxix, 48, 1907.

Anopheles Howard, Osier's Modern Medicine, i, 372, 378, 1907.

Manguinhosia Cruz, Um novo gen. braz. da sub-fam. Anophelinae. Trabalho do Inst.

de Manguinhos, 1907.
Anopheles and Nyssorhynchus Autran, Anal. Dep. Nac. Hig., xiv, 5, 6, 7, 1907.
Anopheles, Myzomyia, Cycloleppteron, Feltinella, Stethomyia, Pyretophorus, Myzo-

rhynchella, Arribalzagaia, Myzorhynehus, Ghristya, Lophoscelomyia, Man-

guinhosia, Nyssorhynchus, Cellia, Neocellia, Aldrichia, and Kerteszia

Peryassu, Os Culicid. do Brazil, 31-33, 1908.
Anopheles, Lophoscelomyia, Myzomyia, Myzorhyncus, Pyretophorus, Nyssorhyncns

and Cellia Leicester, Stud. Inst. Med. Res., Fed. Malay Sts., iii, part iii, 18-

19, 19-46, 1908.

Anopheles Williston, Man. No. Amer. Dipt, 3 ed., 107, 1908.
Anopheles Dyar & Knab, Can. Ent.; xl, 311, 1908.
Anopheles Pazos, San. y Ben. ii, 43, 1909.
Galvertia Ludlow (not Warren), Can. Ent., xli, 22, 1909.

964

MOSQUITOES OP NORTH AMERICA

Galvertina Ludlow, Can. Ent, xli, 234, 1909.
Christophersia James, Paludism, No. 1, 33, 1910.
Nyssomyzomyia James, Paludism, No. 1, 37, 1910.
Neomyzomia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 1, 29, 1910.
Aldrichinella Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 3, 77, 1910.
Aldrichia Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 77, 1910.

Anopheles, Myzomyia, Cycloleppteron, Feltinella, Stethomyia, Pyretophorus, Myzo-
rhynchella, Arribalzagia, Myzorhynchus, Christya, Lophoscelomyia, Nysso-
rhynchus, Cellia, Neocellia, Eerteszia, and Chagasia Theobald, Mon. Culic,
v, 1-3, 1910.

Neostethopheles James, Rec Indian Mus., iv, 98, 1910.
Patagiamyia James, Rec. Indian Mus., iv, 98, 1910.
Nyssomyzomyia James, Rec. Indian Mus., iv, 101, 1910.
Christophersia James, Rec. Indian Mus., iv, 103, 1910.

Myzomyia, Pyretophorus, Nyssorhynchus, Neocellia, Cellia, and Myzorhynchus

James, Rec. Indian Mus., iv, 98-105, 1910.
Neomyzomyia James, Rec. Ind. Mus., iv, 109, 1910.
Dactylomyia Newstead & Carter, Ann. Trop. Med. & Paras., iv, 377, 1910.
Anopheles Edwards, Bull. Ent. Res., ii, 141, 1911.
Anopheles Edwards, Bull. Ent. Res., iii, 241, 1912.
Anopheles Brethes, Bol. Inst. Ent. y Pat. Veg., i, 10, 13, 1912.
Proterorhynchus Brethes, Bol. Inst. Ent. y Pat. Veg., i, 10, 14, 1912.
Cellia Brethes, Bol. Inst. Ent. y Pat. Veg., i, 11, 17, 1912.

Arribalzagaia, Myzorhynchus, Christya, Lophoscelomyia, Stethomyia, Feltinella,
Myzomyia, Neomyzomyia, Cyclolepidopteron, Pyretophorus, Myzorhyn-
chella, Neocellia, Aldrichinella, Kerteszia, Manguinhosia Surcouf & Gon-
zalez-Rincones, Arch. Parasitol., xv, 268-270, 1912.

Nyssorhynchus Surcouf & Gonzalez-Rincones, Arch. Parasitol., xv, 270, 1912.

Cellia Surcouf & Gonzalez-Rincones, Arch. Parasitol., xv, 270, 272, 1912.

The type species are :

Of Anopheles Meigen, Anopheles maculipennis Meigen.

Of Cycloleppteron Theobald, Anopheles grabhamii Theobald.

Of Cyclolepidopteron Blanchard, Anopheles grabhamii Theobald.

Of Orassia Theobald, Anopheles rossii Giles.

Of Myzomyia Blanchard, Anopheles rossii Giles.

Of Stethomyia Theobald, Stethomyia nimba Theobald.

Of Howardia Theobald, Anopheles costalis Loew.

Of Pyretophorus Blanchard, Anopheles costalis Loew.

Of Rossia Theobald, Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann.

Of Myzorhynchus Blanchard, Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann.

Of Laverania Theobald, Anopheles argyritarsis Robineau-Desvoidy.

Of Nyssorhynchus Blanchard, Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann.

Of Cellia Theobald, Anopheles pharoensis Theobald.

Of Arribalzagia Theobald, Arribalzagia maculipes Theobald.

Of Aldrichia Theobald, Aldrichia error Theobald.

Of Christya Theobald, Christya implexa Theobald.

Of Lophoscelomyia Theobald, Lophoscelomyia asiatica Theobald.

Of Lophomyia Giles, Lophoscelomyia asiatica Theobald.

Of Nototricha Coquillett, Cycloleppteron mediopunctatus Theobald.

Of Feltinella Theobald, Feltinella pallidopalpi Theobald.

Of Kerteszia Theobald, Eerteszia boliviensis Theobald.

Of Myzorhynchella Theobald, Myzorhynchella nigra Theobald.

Of Manguinhosia Cruz, Manguinhosia lutzi Cruz.

Of Calvertia Ludlow, Chagasia (?) lineata Ludlow.

Of Calvertina Ludlow, Chagasia (?) lineata Ludlow.

Of Neocellia Rothwell, Neocellia intermedia Rothwell.

Of Neocellia Theobald, Neocellia indica Theobald.

Of Pseudomyzomyia Theobald, Anopheles rossii Giles.

Of Neomyzomyia Theobald, Anopheles elegans James.

Of Aldrichinella Theobald, Aldrichia error Theobald.

Of Christophersia James, Christophersia halli James.

Of Nyssomyzomyia James, Anopheles rossii Giles.

Of Neostethopheles James, Anopheles aitkenii James.

Of Patagiamyia James, Anopheles gigas Giles.

Of Dactylomyia Newstead & Carter, Dactylomyia ceylonica Newstead &
Carter.

Of Proterorhynchus Br&thes, Proterorhynchus argentinus Brethes.

Geneeic Diagnosis of Adult:

Proboscis rather long and slender. Palpi long in both sexes, slender and uniform
in the female, much enlarged at tip in the male. Antennas filiform in the female,

ANOPHELES

965

the joints subequal, with basal whorls; plumose in the male, the last two joints long,
the others short, with whorls of long dense hairs. Prothoracic lobes remote dorsally,
small. Mesonotum elongate, narrow, flattened; scutellum not lobed. Postnotum
nude. Abdomen subcylindrical, blunt at the tip in the female, depressed and with
lateral ciliation in the male. Scale vestiture of body usually poorly developed and
not general. Wings with the second marginal cell long and with short stem. Legs
very long and slender; claws simple and equal in the female, the male with the
front claws modified, one large and toothed, the other obsolete.

Geneeic Diagnosis of Larva:

Head elongate, turning easily on the neck. Front prominent, arcuate. Antennae
rather small, sublaterally inserted. Mouth parts adapted essentially for vegetable
food; maxillae large, conical, prominent, with well developed palpi; mouth-brushes
moderate, of numerous hairs. Air tube very broad, sessile, the spiracular orifices
independent. Abdomen with a series of dorsal tufts of small leaf-like lamellae for
attachment of the body to the surface film of the water, similar tufts are present on
the thorax of some species. Eighth segment laterally with narrow plates produced
into a row of teeth posteriorly. Hairs of the body mostly well feathered. Anal
segment with a chitinized dorsal plate; ventral brush large, strongly feathered; anal
gills small.

Throughout tropical and temperate continental regions, a few species extend-
ing into the subarctic zone ; absent from many of the smaller oceanic islands.

The large generic synonymy which we quote is due to the fact that the genus
was subdivided upon characters of the vestiture of the body and wings. We
have shown in our introductory remarks that such characters are not reliable
for definition of natural genera, and we have had no recourse but to place all
the names in the synonymy. One genus was founded upon the so-called
mammillate prothoracic lobes, but it has been shown that these are more or less
similar in all Anopheles, and in no wise peculiar. The fact is that the species
here classified under Anopheles are all closely allied and strictly congeneric, and
any attempt to divide them generically will serve no useful purpose, but on the
contrary only tend to confuse the subject. In any case the genus is homogeneous
and not a large or unwieldy one ; it is therefore far more convenient as well as
logical to treat the genus as one.

The eggs are laid singly on the surface of water and float. They are fusi-
form with rounded ends, and furnished with longitudinal leaf-like appendages to
cause them to float. These appendages are very different in shape and even in
size in the different species. The larvae are surface feeders, being held to the sur-
face film by their fan-shaped abdominal tufts and very short air-tube. The head
is turned completely over with the mouth uppermost in the act of feeding. The
different species have somewhat different habits as to the choice of kinds of
water in which to breed, but many of the species breed in almost all sorts of
water, even in the edges of rapidly flowing streams. A few species are restricted
to water held by the leaves of Bromeliaceae. Some species occur in brackish as
well as fresh water, and even appear to thrive better in the former. The
larvae of some species occur in sea-water, often in pools of very high saline
content. The larvae of Anopheles generally occur in water containing algae,
upon which they feed ; but James and Liston state that they cannot subsist upon
a vegetable diet alone but feed also upon minute water animals. Some of the
species are in part at least predaceous upon other mosquito larvae. In temperate
and northern regions hibernation, with some exceptions, is in the adult state.
James and Liston are of the opinion that in India the species of Anopheles do
not hibernate as adults, but either hibernate as larvae (A. culicifacies) or have no
true hibernation and manage to breed throughout the season (A. fuliginosus,
A. pulcherrimus) . Species unable to adopt these methods (A. rossi) are thought
to " migrate " or disappear during the winter. The species of temperate North
America of which the habits are known (A. crucians, A. quadrimaculatus, A.
punctipennis) hibernate as adults. In central Europe one species hibernates
regularly as larva. The adults are generally crepuscular in habit, flying im-
mediately before dark. Apparently the females of all the species feed more or
less readily on the blood of vertebrates, the craving for blood being, however,

966

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

keener in some species than in others. Those species with the strongest appetite
for blood will fly considerable distances from their breeding-places, if necessary,
to obtain blood. The males congregate in swarms, to which females fly singly
for sexual union.

Tables of the Species,
adults, structure, and coloration.

1. Tarsi ornamented with white or yellow 2

Tarsi wholly dark colored 13

2. Hind tarsi with a series of rings 5

Hind tarsi all white beyond second joint 3

Hind tarsi white beyond second joint, a black spot on the last joint 4

3. Abdomen dorsally covered with scales, argyritarsis Robineau-Desvoidy (p. 967)
Abdomen clothed dorsally with hairs only lutzii Cruz (p. 971)

4. Palpi with the last two joints white except narrowly at bases

tarsimaculata Goeldi (p. 975)
Palpi with the last joint only white albimanus Wiedemann (p. 979)

5. Hind tarsi with small basal rings only; palpi wholly black scaled

grabhamii Theobald (p. 1006)
Tarsi more conspicuously ornamented; palpi not wholly black scaled 6

6. Tarsi and tibiae narrowly ringed and speckled black and white or yellow 8

Hind tarsi with broad apical segmental white rings, not speckled 7

7. Wings with four white spots on the costa bellator Dyar & Knab (p. 985)

Wings with two white spots on the costa, five on the first vein

neivai Howard, Dyar & Knab (p. 986)

8. Wing-scales mostly blackish, many little patches of yellow ones

vestitipennis Dyar & Knab (p. 989)
Wing-scales black and white or yellow, several large concrete patches of

black scales 9

9. Hind tarsal joints with apical rings, the last joint wholly black

maculipes Theobald (p. 990)
Hind tarsi with rings involving both ends of the joints, last joint mostly or

wholly pale scaled 10

10. Wing-scales broad and rounded 11

Wing-scales narrowly ovate to lanceolate 12

11. Tarsi yellow with small black dots mediopunctatus Theobald (p. 993)

Tarsi black with white rings malefactor Dyar & Knab (p. 1000)

12. Hind tarsi with numerous yellow rings strigimacula Dyar & Knab (p. 998)

Hind tarsi with sparse white rings apicimacula Dyar & Knab (p. 995)

13. Hind tibiae broadly white at apex eiseni Coquillett (p. 1002)

Hind tibiae without white apical ring 14

14. Wings with a white spot at outer third of costa 15

Wings without such spot on the costa 16

15. Palpi marked with white; third vein extensively white in the middle

pseudopunctipennis Theobald (p. 1014)
Palpi wholly black scaled; third vein wholly black scaled

punctipennis Say (p. 1009)

16. Wings with patches of yellowish scales, sixth vein with three black spots

crucians Wiedemann (p. 1023)
Wings without patches of pale scales 17

17. Wing at apex with a coppery spot on the fringe

occidentalis Dyar & Knab (p. 1026)
Wing-fringe uniformly dark throughout 18

18. Body blackish throughout, hair-scales of mesonotum dark brown

atropos Dyar & Knab (p. 1032)
Body not wholly blackish, hair-scales of mesonotum yellow or white 19

19. Palpi of the female with dull silvery white rings at the bases of the joints;

scales of wings not distinctly massed at bases of fork-cells

walkeri Theobald (p. 1033)
Palpi of the female blackish scaled throughout; scales of wings massed to
form distinct spots at the cross-veins and at bases of fork-cells

quadrimaculatus Say (p. 1028)

LARVAE.

1. Comb of the eighth segment with the teeth all long, equal

neivai Howard, Dyar & Knab (p. 987)
Teeth of the comb alternatingly long and short

f malefactor Dyar & Knab (p. 1002)
ystrigimacula Dyar & Knab (p. 999)
Teeth of the comb both long and short, irregular 2

ANOPHELES A RGYRIT ARSIS

967

Abdomen with seven pairs of dorsal fan-shaped tufts, the pair on first seg-

ment small

j albimanus Wiedemann (p. 982)

i tarsimaculata Goeldi (p. 977)

Abdomen with six pairs of fan-shaped tufts 3

Abdomen with five pairs of well-developed tufts 5

3. Elements of the fan-shaped tufts slender, smoothly pointed

argyritarsis Robineau-Desvoidy (p. 969)
Elements of the fan-shaped tufts notched towards tip 4

4. Fan-shaped tufts all equal in size eiseni Coquillett (p. 1005)

First pair of tufts small (punctipennis Say (p 1012)

[quadrimaculatus Say (p. 10..0)

5. First and last pair of fan-shaped tufts smaller than the others

crucians Wiedemann (p. 1025)
Fan-shaped tufts all equal 6

6. Elements of fan-shaped tufts with long slender apical portion

pseudopunctipcnnis Theobald (p. 1021)

Fan-shaped tufts with normal elements. . . {occidental™ pyar & Knab (p 1027)

\grabhamii Theobald (p. 1008)

The following are omitted, as we possess no larvsa :

atropos D. & K. mediopunctatus Theob. vestitipennis D. & K.

bellator D. & K. lutzii Cruz. walkeri Theob.

maculipes Theob.

ANOPHELES ARGYRITARSIS Robineau-Desvoidy.

Anopheles argyritarsis Robineau-Desvoidy, Mem. Soc. d'Hist. Nat., iii, 411, 1827.
Anopheles argyrotarsis Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 154, 1900.
Anopheles argyrotarsis Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 123, 1901.
Anopheles argyritarsis Neveu-Lemaire, Arch. Parasitol., vi, 6, 1902.
Anopheles albimanus Neveu-Lemaire (not Wiedemann), Arch. Parasitol., vi, 613,
1902.

Anopheles argyrotarsis Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 295, 1902.
Laverania argyrotarsis Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., v, 183, 1902.
Cellia argyrotarsis Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 110, 1903.
Laverania argyrotarsis Fajardo, Brazil Medico, xvii, 12, 1903.
Cellia argyrotarsis Giles, Rev. Anophel., 45, 1904.
Cellia argyrotarsis Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 63, 1904.

Nyssorhynchus albimanus Blanchard (in part, not Wiedemann), Les Moustiques,
202, 1905.

Cellia argyrotarsis Theobald (in part). Gen. Ins., Dipt., 26 fasc, 11, 1905.
Cellia argyrotarsis Theobald, Mosq. or Culic. of Jamaica, 9, 14, 1905.
Cellia (Anopheles) argyrotarsis Goeldi, Os Mosq. no Para, 129, 1905.
Anopheles argyrotarsis Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 176, 1906.
Cellia argyritarsis Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech. Ser. 11, 13, 1906.
Cellia argyrotarsis Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 105, 1907.

Anopheles argyritarsis Howard, Osier's Modern Medicine, i, 383, 386, 1907.
Cellia albitarsis Aiken (not Arribalzaga) , Brit. Guian. Med. Ann., 1906, 66, 1907.
Nyssorhynchus albimanus Autran (not Wiedemann). Anal. Dep. Nac. Hig., xiv, 8,
1907.

Anopheles argyritarsis Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., Hi, 59, 1908.

Cellia argyrotarsis Peryassu, Os Culicid. do Brazil, 41, 116, 1908.

Cellia argyrotarsis Neiva, Mem. Inst. O. Cruz, i, 69, 1909.

Cellia argyrotarsis Prout, Ann. Trop. Med. & Paras., iii, 487, 1909.

Cellia argyrotarsis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 68, 1910.

Cellia argyrotarsis Newstead & Thomas, Ann. Trop. Med. & Par., iv, 141, 1910.
Anopheles argyritarsis Darling, Stud. Rel. Malaria, Isthm. Canal Comm., 5, 1910.
Anopheles argyrotarsis Nicholls, Bull. Ent. Res., iii, 252, 1912.
Anopheles argyritarsis Jennings, Journ. Econ. Ent., v, 133, 1912.

Nyssorhynchus albimanus Surcouf & Gonzalez-Rincones (not Wiedemann), Arch.

Parasitol., xv, 271, 1912.
Cellia argyrotarsis Surcouf & Gonzalez-Rincones, Arch. Parasitol., xv, 273, 1912.

Original Description of Anopheles argyritarsis:

Proboscis nigra. Corpus nigricans. Abdomen immaculatum. Pedes graciles,
pallide fusci, tarsis porterioribus apice albo-argyreis.

Long. 2V2 lineas.

?. Proboscis nigra: palpi fusci. Thorax et abdomen nigra aut nigricantia, abdo-
mine immaculato. Pedes graciles, elongati, bruneo-pallidi; tarsorum posteriorum
ultimis articulis albo-argyreis. Alae, nervis villosis maculatis, costa fusco-maculata.

Habitat in Brasilia. (Musaeum Parisiense.)

968

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Description of Female, Male, and Laeva of Anopheles aegybitabsis :

Female. — Proboscis moderate, slightly thicker towards base, straight; vesti-
ture black ; labellae ]°ng, lanceolate, dark, with a few outstanding setae. Palpi
as long as the proboscis, uniform, roughly clothed with long spatulate scales,
roughest on basal third, black, last joint silvery white and narrow white rings
at the two preceding articulations. Antenna? filiform; joints short, subequal,
blackish, densely whitish pilose ; second joint much longer than succeeding one,
slightly thickened, with some lanceolate white scales; hairs of whorls short,
sparse, black with white luster; tori small, subspherical, with an apical cup-
shaped excavation, piceous with grayish pruinosity and a few broad white scales.
Clypeus prominent, subtriangular, blackish, nude. Eyes well separated at
vertex, black. Occiput dark, clothed with semi-erect elliptical and broad forked
white scales on the vertex, broad black ones on the sides, a group of long white
hair-like scales projecting forward on the vertex ; a row of dark setae along mar-
gins of eyes.

Prothoracic lobes small, lateral. Mesonotum elongate, narrow, flattened, dark
gray ; vestiture of rather sparse, small lanceolate, curved white scales and with
rows of short black bristles ; two narrow, longitudinal, submedian bare lines on
anterior half and two broader bare lines sublaterally on posterior two-thirds;
three velvet-black spots, one before scutellum, the other two at anterior ends of
the sublateral posterior stripes. Scutellum collar-like, uniform, dark gray, with
a marginal row of black bristles and clothed with small white scales like those
of the mesonotum. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, blackish, nude. Pleurae
and coxae blackish brown, pruinose, with rows of black bristles, and with small
groups of silvery-white scales along the sutures and on the coxae.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, subtruncate at tip, blackish, densely
clothed with scales; dorsal vestiture of dull yellowish-white scales, with large
ill-defined patches of blackish-brown roughened scales at apical angles of seg-
ments ; eighth segment with a broad apical band of dark scales ; numerous coarse
dark bristles, particularly at sides ; venter with a few white scales in the middle,
some black ones on the last segment.

Wings (plate 41, fig. 19) moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell
about one-third as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell longer than its
cell ; basal cross-vein distant more than its own length from the anterior cross-
vein; scales of the veins black and white, the outstanding ones lanceolate, the
black in patches as follows : six spots on costal margin, first and second small, on
basal fifth, third, fourth and fifth large, separated by small white spots, apical
spot small ; first vein with first black spots, the first small and opposite base of
third costal spot, the third, fourth and fifth opposite the fourth, fifth and sixth
costal spots and nearly as large ; second vein with the stem mostly black-scaled,
upper fork with a long black patch near base and a short one near apex, lower
fork with two short black patches ; third vein with small black spots at base and
near apex; fourth vein with a black patch at base of fork, two spots on upper
branch, one near apex of lower ; fifth vein with a black patch before fork, upper
branch with three small black patches, lower one with a large terminal one;
sixth vein with a black patch near base and another near apex; fringe dark,
marked with white at terminations of all the veins. Halteres whitish, with dark
knobs.

Legs long and slender ; femora clothed mostly with black scales on outer side
and with white ones on inner side, a small black ring just beyond base, middle
femora with two white spots on outer side just before apex, hind femora with
one white spot similarly situated ; knees white ; tibiae black, a white line on inner
side; tarsi black and white; front tarsi with white apical rings on first, second,
and third joints; mid tarsi unmarked; hind tarsi with apical two-thirds of
second joint and all of third, fourth, and fifth joints white. Claw formula,
0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

ANOPHELES ARGYRITARSIS

969

Male. — Palpi as long as proboscis, the last two joints thickened into a distinct
club and bearing long black hairs; club dorsally white scaled, with a black
median ring and black at base ; a white ring at middle of long joint. Antennae
densely plumose; last two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the
others short, white, with black expanded basal rings bearing long, dense, silky-
brown hairs; tori small. Coloration as in the female. Abdomen elongate,
slender, depressed, somewhat expanded towards apex. Wings narrower than
in the female ; stems of fork-cells longer ; vestiture somewhat sparser. Claw
formula, 2-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 38, fig. 258) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, tips
rounded ; clasp-filament long and slender, broadly thickened at base and toward
apex, terminally with a short and spatulate articulated spine that arises a little
to one side of the pointed apex ; two long approximated spines with recurved
tips below middle of side-piece, a similar smaller pair at base and a single stouter
one toward the outer aspect ; false harpes small, flattened, revolute ; unci forming
a stout process with small apical notch.

Larva, Stage IV. — Plead elongate, rounded, bulging at the sides, antennas
laterally inserted, portion before antennae conically produced ; both pairs of
dorsal head-hairs single but numerously branched, in a line between antennae, a
smaller hair at base of antennae; two long approximate spines on clypeus. An-
tennas moderate, subcylindrical, slightly tapering outwardly, coarsely spined on
inner side ; a small dendritic tuft at basal third ; two long terminal spines, a
slender tuft exceeding the spines and a small digit. Mental plate small, with a
central tooth and four on each side ; first and second nearly equal, third remote,
fourth small. Mandible rounded quadrangular; a row of filaments at base be-
coming smaller outwardly ; four filaments before tip, two smooth, two serrately
notched ; an outer row of cilia ; eight serrate filaments on outer margin ; dentition
of two small teeth, a large notched one on lower declivity, followed by two small
teeth and a long row of confluent spines ; two serrate filaments within ; basal
angle slender, rounded ; a row of long hairs at base. Maxilla transversely quad-
rangular, serrate along outer margin ; hairs short, longer at inner angle, below
which are two small filaments; palpus moderate, tapered outwardly, a large
dendritic tuft, a group of digits and flattened appendages at tip. Thorax sub-
quadrate, about as wide as long; hairs short, stout, amply feathered, also some
branched hairs, single hairs and tufts. Abdomen stout, anterior segments
shorter ; lateral hairs on first three segments long, feathered, double on first and
second, single on third ; hairs on succeeding segments small, smooth ; a dorsal
series of six pairs of fan-shaped tufts on the second to seventh segments (plate
130, fig. 459). Air-tube sessile, subquadrate, roundedly angled posteriorly.
Lateral plates of eighth segment posteriorly with a series of spines, five or
six very long ones separated from each other by two or three short irregular
intervening ones. Anal segment about as long as wide, with a small dorsal
plate; dorsal brush a long branched hair and a short tuft on each side ; a single
long lateral hair below the plate; ventral brush well developed, of long branched
tufts ; anal gills moderate, about as long as anal segment, tapered, blunt.

The larva? live in all sorts of ground-pools. Mr. Busck found them in rain
water in an old dump car, in a shaded pool and in a swampy pasture, Mr. Knab
found them in pools in a stream-bed; Mr. Jennings found them in a spring,
a stream, the edges of a reservoir, and in water-filled hoof-prints in a road.
Goeldi states that the adults are nocturnal but Neiva states that they are cre-
puscular. Jennings, who made extended observations in the Panama region,
discusses the species as follows :

" It is widely distributed over the Isthmus but its numbers are never very
great in any locality and it is not very frequently found in buildings. By reason
of these facts, it is far less important economically than Anopheles albimanus
and tarsimaculata. It is the only species of Isthmian Anopheles which breeds
62

970

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

readily in artificial containers. In ground water it prefers the smaller collec-
tions, such as water seeping from springy hillsides and filling the smaller depres-
sions in soft ground, also ditches carrying but a trickle of water and similar
situations. It seems quite dependent upon the presence of algae."

Tropical American mainland ; Lesser Antilles.

Cordoba, Mexico, January 6, 16, February 5, March 4, April 5, 1908 (F.
Knab) ; Rincon Antonio, Mexico, June 24, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Las Cascadas,
Canal Zone, Panama (A. Busck) ; Empire, Canal Zone, Panama (A. H. Jen-
nings) ; Ancon, Canal Zone, Panama, December 2, 1907 (A. H. Jennings) ;
Corozal, Canal Zone, Panama, November 30, 1907 (A. H. Jennings) ; East
La Boca, Canal Zone, Panama, December 6, 1907 (A. H. Jennings) ; Eio
Grande Reservoir, Canal Zone, Panama, December 14, 1907 (A. H. Jennings) ;
Road to Comacho dam, Canal Zone, Panama, December 20, 1907 (A. H. Jen-
nings) ; Empire, Canal Zone, Panama, December 20, 1907 (A. H. Jennings) ;
San Pablo, Canal Zone, Panama, December 24, 1907 (A. H. Jennings) ; New
Amsterdam, British Guiana, May, 1907 (J. Aiken) ; Fort de France, Mar-
tinique, July 20, 1905 (A. Busck) ; Sao Paulo, Brazil (A. Lutz). Reported also
from Antigua, Dominica, St. Vincent, Grenada, Trinidad (Theobald) ; St.
Lucia (Theobald, Nicholls) ; Manaos and Teffe, State of Amazonas, States of
Para, Matto Grosso, Minas Geraes, Bahia, Alagoas and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
(Peryassu) ; Argentina (Theobald, Autran).

Theobald records this species from Jamaica, on the strength of specimens
taken by Dr. Grabham in 1899 and " not met with since." We suspect that
there is something wrong with this record. The species inhabits the South
American faunal region of which the Lesser Antilles are part, but does not,
in our experience extend its range into the Greater Antilles, which comprise an
essentially different faunal region. We should not, therefore, expect to find
it in Jamaica, and accordingly omit the locality pending confirmation. The
later records, by Theobald, of this species from Cuba, Haiti and Porto Rico are
open to the same objection. In fairly abundant material from these islands
we have never encountered a specimen of Anopheles argyritarsis. We suspect
that the records are merely due to the confusion of this species with A. albi-
manus and that they are in reality referable to the latter species. It should be
further noted that specimens of A. albimanus with the hind tarsals broken may
be easily mistaken for argyritarsis. Such specimens may be recognized by the
pale ocher-yellow color of the light scales on the wings, these scales usually being
pure white in argyritarsis.

Much confusion has arisen in the literature owing to the fact that Anopheles
albimanus has been treated as a variety of A. argyritarsis, under the name
variety albipes Theobald. The two are distinct in all their stages and often
occur quite independently.

Anopheles argyritarsis has been reported by Howard from New Orleans,
Louisiana, but we believe that this record is either based upon an accidentally
introduced specimen or more likely upon a misidentification. The records from
the Argentine are open to question and are probably based upon misidentifica-
tions of the closely similar Anopheles albitarsis Lynch Arribalzaga.

Our specimens show considerable variation in the development of the scale-
tufts at the apical angles of the abdominal segments and a tendency toward the
formation of local races appears to be indicated. A specimen from British
Guiana shows very well developed tufts of strongly outstanding, broadly ovate
scales, well differentiated from the scales of the dorsum. A series of specimens
from Panama shows incomplete tufts, the scales less differentiated from the
dorsal ones and gradually becoming more erect toward the apical angles of the
segments. A specimen sent by Doctor Lutz from Sao Paulo, Brazil, agrees with
this form in the abdominal tufting. Finally, a series reared by Knab in south-
ern Mexico shows no trace of tuftings. All these specimens agree very closely in

ANOPHELES LUTZII

971

all other details, so we are forced to consider them as one species. This variation
should be instructive for those who adhere to the numerous genera based upon
such characters ; these scale-tufts have been considered diagnostic of the genus
Cellia, to which argyritarsis has been referred, and it now appears that they are
not even of specific value.

ANOPHELES LUTZII Cruz.

Anopheles lutzii Cruz, Brazil-Medico, xv, 423, 1901.
Pyrethophorus lutzii Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 19, 1904.
Pyretophorus lutzii Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 36, 63, 1904.
Myzorhynchella nigra Theobald, Monogr. Culic, iv, 78, 1907.
Pyretophorus lutzii Theobald, Mon. Culicid., iv, 80, 1907.

Myzorhynchella lutzi Chagas, Nov. Esp. de Culic. Brazileiros, Trabalho do Inst.

Manguinhos, 4, 1907.
Myzorhynchella lutzi Peryassfi, Os Culicideos do Brazil, 89, 1908.
Myzorhynchella lutzi Neiva, Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, i, 75, 1909.
Myzorhynchella nigra Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 45, 1910.
Myzorhynchella lutzi Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 46, 1910.

Anopheles albitarsis Knab (in part, not Lynch Arribalzaga) , Amer. Journ. Trop.
Dis. & Prev. Med., i, 35, 1913.

Original Description of Anopheles lutzii (Cruz) :

Cor geral do mosquito: escuro quasi preto. Comprimento, nao incluindo a pro-
boscida: 4 a 6 millimetros.

Azas — Comprimento: 4 a 5 m/m, segundo o desenvolvimento do insecto. C6r
geral da aza amarello-louro. Sobre a nervura costal notam-se 3 manchas pretas prin-
cipaes, alem de mais quatro secondarias, das quaes tres punctiformes. Das 3 grandes
manchas uma occupa a extremidade livre da aza. A essa denominaremos mancha
n. 1.

As outras duas assestam-se sobre a nervura costal propriamente dita, extendendo-
se para baixo at6 a primeira nervura longitudinal. Denominaremos essas manchas
de ns. 2 e 3. Alem dessas, temos a considerar um pequeno ponto mais pigmentado
e situado sobre a 5a nervura longitudinal.

As manchas sao constituidas por um accumulo de escamas pretas e de pigmento
preto. As escamas e a pigmentacao nao concorrem com igual contingente para a
formacao de todas as manchas. Assim, a mancha da extremidade livre da aza (n. 1)
6 constiduida quasi que exclusivamente por escamas, e & por isso que pode des-
apparecer nos exemplares muito manipulados, ao passo que a mancha n. 3 deve sua
cor, sobretudo, ao pigmento, como se podera ver pela inspecgao da flgura n. 2, que,
como a de n. 1, devemos a pericia do pericia do nosso distincto collega e amigo
Dr. Rocha Lima. Essa flgura representa a mancha n. 3 vista sob um maior aug-
mento. Todas as nervuras sao cobertas de escamas de cor castanho-claro alouradas.
A parte interna da vena marginalis 6 ornada por uma franja constituida por
escamas de diversos tamanhos, que se acham em contacto pelas faces planas.

Abdomen — A cor dominante do abdomen e preta, sobretudo nos exemplares seccos.
Examinado-se, porem, attentamente este segmento do insecto, sobretudo quando
distendido pelo sangue, veriflca-se que, nas membranas lateraes que ligam os arcos
tergaes aos esternaes, existe um caprichoso desenho, muito visivel quando se
observa sob uma certa incidencia da luz. Esses desenhos sao de cor castanho-escuro,
quasi preto, sobre um fundo castanho muito claro. Como se podera bem ajuizar
pelo exame da fig. schematica n. 3, o desenho e constituido por duas sSries principaes
de manchas cylindro conicas, entre as quaes notam-se outras cuneiformes, alem de
algumas menores de formas variadas e inconstantes. Essas manchas, que sao muito
visiveis nos segmentos medianos, nao apresentam rigorosamente a mesma con-
formagao em todos os segmentos, desapparecendo quasi por completo nos ultimos
e primeiros anneis abdominaes. A porgao dorsal do abdomen apresenta a cor
castanho-claro quasi louro, notando-se uma orla preta na porgao disal dos segmentos.
Sobre o 3° e 4° segmentos notam-se pequenas manchas pretas. O abdomen e coberto
de pellos. O ultimo segmento termina-se por dous appendices em forma de massa:
os ovipositors. Comprimento do abdomen, cerca de quatro millimetros.

Thorax — Cor geral castanho-claro. O notum apresenta a forma de uma ventarola
chineza, cujo cabo acha-se voltado para a parte anterior do corpo. Essa placa, de
consistencia dura, apresenta a cor amarella e mostra no limite posterior, entre as
insercaos das azas, uma mancha preta triangular, de base posterior e do apice da
qual parte uma faixa escura, que prolonga-se at6 ao pescogo, ao longo da parte
estreitada do notum. Essa faixa & ladeada por algumas estrias escuras. Ainda na
parte larga do notum, marcando os pontos em que elle se afunila, para formar a
parte anterior estreita, nota-se de cado lado um mancha irregularmente triangular,
de base posterior e interna, marcando os angulos de um triangulo isoceles, cujo
apice seria representado pela grande mancha posterior, ja descripta. Essa peca

972

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

dorsal do thorax 6 encurvada em tres direcgaoes differentes: Transversalmente e
para baixo, de modo a formar um angulo diedro, cuja aresta seria representada pela
linha virtual que ligasse as duas manchas anteriores. Lateralmente, de cada lado,
e ainda para baixo, em direcgao aos lados isoceles do triangulo formado pelas
manchas. O notum, poster iormente, excede as outras pares sotopostas do thorax.
Na parte anterior elle continua-se com as pleuras, por intermedio de uma porgao
memhranosa, disposta em piano inclinado. As pleuras apresentam-se constituidas
por placas pretas, orladas de branco: destas, a situada mais para traz e muito
caracteristica, occupando toda a altura da parede. Acima desta placa encontram-se
as insergoes dos balancins, que apresentram uma cor amarellada. A porgao esternal
do thorax acha-se disposta de modo a fornecer articulagao aos tres pares de pernas
do mosquito. Comprimento do thorax: 1.5 m/m, a 2 m m.

Pernas — Pernas anteriores: — Comprimento: 8 m/m. Cor, castanho-claro. Ao
longo da borda inferior dos segmentos tarsicos, notam-se escamas e pellos de cor
preta. Ligeiro accumulo de escamas pretas nos ultimos segmentos tarsicos, que se
terminam por uma garra bi-dentada. Femur fusiforme. Pernas medias: — Compri-
mento 8,5 m/m. Cor geral, castanho-claro. Escamas pretas e castanhas esparsas
por todos os segmentos do membro. Nos tarsos, ha alguns pequenos accumulos de
escamas pretas, que imprimem ligeiras modalidades na coloragao geral do membro,
que se termina por uma garra munida de dous dentes. Femur cylindrico, com algu-
mas manchas irregulares pretas. Pernas posterior 'es: — Sao estas as mais im-
portantes e que apresentam caracteres, que mais impressionam o observador. Com-
primento: 11 m/m. Cor geral, castanho-claro. Escamas pretas. Pellos amarellos, que
se agglomeram sobretudo junto das articulagaos. Dilatagao conica do tibia junto a
articulagao tibio-tarsica. A base do cone tibial 6 munida de pellos, que circundam
o primeiro segmento do tarso, que apresenta-se com o cor amarella geral e 6 coberto
de numerosas escamas pretas, terminando por um pequeno annel branco. O segundo
segmento do tarso apresenta junto a primeira articulagao tarso-tarsica um annel
de cor preta, constituido por escamas e pigmento. Todo o segmento apresenta uma
cdr branca de neve, devida ao accumulo de escamas e pellos prateados. Egual
coloragao apresenta o terceiro segmento tarsico. O quarto tern, desde a articulagao
superior at! a parte m6dia, uma orla preta em forma de annel. A metade inferior
deste, assim como o quinto segmento, apresenta uma coloragao branca amarellada
e termina por uma garra provida de dous dentes de cor castanho escuro.

Cabega — A cabega do insecto € de cor preta e apresenta as seguintes dimensoes:
diam. ant.-post. o,8 m/m; diam. transv. o,4 m/m. Os appendices da cabega apre-
sentam os caracteres do genero e tern as seguintes particularidades:

Antennas— Sao munidas de numerosos pellos curtos de cor branca. Nas arti-
culagaos dos segmentos constitutivos do orgam existem verticilios compostos de
cerca de 6 a 8 longos pellos. Cor do fundo, castanho claro. Macroscopicamente a
cor das antennas e brancacenta, devido ao accumulo dos pequenos pellos referidos,
havendo listas escuras nas articulagaos. Comprimento m/m.

Palpas maxillares — Escuras na base e brancacentas nas porgaoes correspondentes
ao ultimo e a parte inferior do penultimo segmento. Essa coloragao e devida a falta
do pigmento normal do appendice. As palpas sao cobertas de escamas pretas, que
sao observadas mesmo nas porgaoes brancas. Notam-se tambem pellos. Terminam-
se por uma ponta achatada. Comprimento: 2,5 m/m.

Proboscida — De cor preta, excepto na porgao correspondente as palpas labiaes,
que sao lanceoladas e onde existe uma pequena porgao amarellada. A proboscida 6
coberta de pellos e escamas pretas. Comprimento 2,8 m/m.

Tendo recolhido alguns exemplares do sexo feminino da especie que estudamos,
procuramos obter uma cultura artificial, paro o que collocamos os mosquitos em um
vasto vaso de vidro coberto por uma tela de arame. No interior dessa gaiola foi
collocado um crystallisador contendo um pouco de agua pura e algas verdes. No
fim de alguns dias foram depositados ovos, cuja descripgao passamos a fazer:
Macroscopicamente, as ovos formam na superficie da agua uma massa constituida
pelo accumulo irregular dos mesmos, que sao vistos como pequenos graos escuros
com refiexos prateados. Ao microscopio, o aspecto varia, segundo sao observados
pela parte superior, como estao dispostos sobre a agua, ou sao vistos de perfil.

Sao constituidos por duas porgoes distinctas: O ovo propriamente dito e o
apparelho fluctuador e suspensor. O conjuncto desse systema apresenta as seguintes
dimensoes: comprimento Omm, 5517; largura: 0 mm, 2344; altura: 0mm, 1310. 0 ovo
propriamente dito e de cor castanho escuro e affecta a forma de um charuto re-
curvado, apresentando uma extremidade fina e outra em forma de clava. Suas
dimensoes sao de 0 mm, 5517 de comprimento e de 0 mm, 1517 de diametro em sua
porgao mais larga. O ovo assim constituido acha-se disposto, com sua parte concava
para cima, sendo mantido nessa posigao por um apparelho de suspensao e fluctuagao.

O apparelho de suspensao, que so pode ser observado quando se encara o con-
juncto de perfil, e formado por uma rede de malhas estreitas que se adapta per-
feitamente ao ovo, revestindo toda sua parte convexa ate a parte m6dia das porgaoes
lateraes, onde elle se continua com o apparelho de fluctuagao, que e constituido do

ANOPHELES LUTZII

973

seguinte modo: Inserindo-se symetricamente ao longo de duas linhas lateraes
oppostas, partem, decrescendo em tamanho para as extremidades do ovo, numerosos
arcos chitinosos, que, apos recurvamento, convergem para uma linha que acompanha
a parte superior ou convexa do ovo. Esses arcos, que, recurvando-se, circumscrevem
um espago, cobrem toda a superficie nao revestida pela rede de suspensao, excepto
uma pequena porcao da extremidade mais dilatada, que fica emergindo d'um orificio,
a circumferencia do qual vem ter os arcos chitinosos mais afastados.

Todos estes acham-se ligados entre si por uma membrana transparente, que fecha
completamente os espagos a que nos referimos, que, cheios de ar, representam o papel
de boias, e que, ligeiramente encurvados para cima, formam como que uma canoa,
em cujo fundo se ve o ovo, que mergulha na agua por sua parte inferior convexa,
tendo ao ar as extremidades, das quaes a maior acha-se inteiramente desprotegida.
A dehiscencia do ovo se da segundo uma linha obliqua, situada ao nivel da curvatura
immersada da grande extremidade e cuja ruptura interessa a rede de suspensao.

As larvas no flm de tres dias tern o comprimento de 1 mm, 5. Apresentam os
caracteres geraes peculiares ao genero, notando-se a intensa pigmentagao da porgao
m6dia dos segmentos abdominaes.

No que se refere ao modo de vida da especie que acabamos de estudar, em nada
parece differir do que ha establecido para os « Anopheles.-), Apparecem ao crepus-
culo, procurando os lugares abrigados do vento. Sao encontrados em grande
profusao nos estabulos. Durante o dia procuram os locaes escuros e humidos; nos
domicilios, os recantos sombrios sob as cortinas, mesas e camas, atacando os indivi-
duos somente a noite. Quando em captiveiro custam muito a picar. A picada e bas-
tante dolorosa. Parece, terem predilecgao por certos individuos, o que tivemos oc-
casiao de verificar nas excursoes que fizemos para colheita de exemplares. Pousam,
formando um angulo de mais de 45°, e quando pousados executam com as patas pos-
teriores amplos movimentos de circumducgao.

Cotejando a especie que acabamos de descrever com as consignadas na systema-
tica encontrada no livro, ja citado, de Giles « A Handbook of the Gnats or Mosquitoes,
London, 1900. » vemos que ella apr&senta certas afflnidades com as seguintes especies:
albimanus, Wied.», do qual se distingue, sobretudo, pelo facto de ter s6mente
os segmentos tarsicos do ultimo par de pernas brancos, emquanto o " albimanus "
apresenta essa cor em todas as partes.

«An. albitarsis, Arribalzaga », com o qual a primeira vista confunde-se. Dis-
tingue-se, porem, d'essa especie pela ausencia da coloragao branca das 4 primeiras
articulagoes tarsicas, assim como da cor branca do ultimo d'esses segmentos, nos
pares de patas anterior e medio. Alem d'isso, o abdomen do " albitarsis " e descripto
como nao apresentando desenhos: " Abdomen not stated to be at all adorned."

"An. argyrotarsis, Desv., do qual se distingue pelas manchas do abdomen, que
nao existem no "argyrotarsis": "abdomen unadorned, black," "abdomen un-
spotted." Alem d'isso a tonalidade da coloragao branca dos segmentos tarsicos do
par posterior de patas e differente: branco de neve na especie que descrevemos,
branco argiloso (clay-white) no argyrotarsis.

Nao temos a pretensao de affirmar que a especie que acima foi descripta seja nova.
Julgamos, ao contrario, que se trata d'um variedade de algumas das especies simi-
lares acima referidas. Em todo caso, antes que os doutos se pronunciem, proporia
que se designasse provisoriamente o mosquito, que corresponde a descripgao dada,
sob o nome de « Anopheles Lutzii », em homenagem ao sabio que com tanta pro-
ficiencia dirige o Institute Bacteriologico de S. Paulo.

Original Description of Myzorhynciiella nigra:

9- Head black with a median bare line, flat grey scales on each side with a dull
blue shade, flat rather outstanding, black ones on each side of the pale median area,
becoming more upright at the back, and with some small outstanding narrow white
ones in front, a few narrow-curved creamy scales between the eyes in front, and a
tutt of long pale hairs projecting forwards. Antennae black with a few scales on
the basal segments, and pale pubescence to the internodes; palpi black scaled with
four narrow white bands, the two apical ones close together, the third closer to the
second than the third is to the fourth; proboscis thin, black.

Thorax black with creamy-white spindle-shaped scales and dark chaetae, a tuft of
longer pale scales on each side in front; scutellum with similar scales to mesonotum
but narrower; metanotum black.

Abdomen black with dull golden hairs, no scales.

Legs with the femora, tibiae and to some extent the first tarsals with brown and
pale scales; first tarsals and two following tarsals of fore legs with pronounced
apical white bands; in the mid legs the femora are darker and have a pure white
spot near the apex and the apical bands are much narrower; in the hind legs the
femora have the white spot near the apex, are all dark as also the tibiae, the last
three tarsals snowy white, also half the second and apex of the first; femora and
tibiae of all the legs white beneath; apex of all the tibiae also white.

Wings dusky, scaled with dark scales and a few yellow patches; three small

974

MOSQUITOES OP NOETH AMERICA

prominent yellow spots on the costa and two small ones basally, the last at root
of wing; first the largest and extends on to the first long vein, the second is the
next largest and also extends on the first long vein, the third only exists on the costa,
also the small fourth and fifth basal ones; two small yellow spots on each side of
the third costal spot on the first vein and another near its base; two on the lower
branch of the first fork-cell and one at the base, two pale areas on its stem near the
cross-vein; third long vein with four yellow spots, a small one at the base and apex;
two small ones on the upper branch of the second fork-cell, one at the apex of lower
branch and one at base of the cell; three spots on upper branch of fifth, one at the
base of fork and half (basal) the lower branch yellow; three small yellow spots on
the sixth.

First sub-marginal cell longer but no narrower than the second posterior cell,
its base much nearer the base of the wing, its stem half the length of the cell;
stem of the second posterior cell as long as the cell; supernumerary and mid cross-
veins close together; posterior longer than the mid about its own length distant
from it; fringe pale at the junction of each vein with the costa.

Halteres with dusky stem and black knob.

Length. — 6 mm.

rf. Palpi elbowed, apical segments swollen, deep black, a narrow white band at
the elbow joint, white scales on one side near the apex and at the apex, penultimate
segment with a dense short tuft of brown hairs; antennae deep brown with pale
internodes, deep brown hairs with pale grey reflections.

Thorax and legs as in the J. but the hind legs show less banding.

Wings with slightly different spotting, the third pale costal spot is broken by a
narrow black speck, and the base of the first and fourth veins are all creamy white,
there are also many pale scales on the third and the fringe has not any pale spots
after the upper branch of the fifth. Fore ungues very unequal, the larger biserrate;
mid and hind equal and simple. Claspers black, horny.

Length. — 6 mm.

Habitat. — Brazil (Dr. Lutz) ; Mexico (Nat. Mus. Hung. M. Biro?).

Observations. — Described from three J's and a J1. Dr. Lutz saw the specimens
for a few minutes and said they were Pyretophorus lutzii, Cruz. They are certainly
not a Pyretophorus and belong to the genus described here, characterised by the
abnormal head scales.

It differs from P. lutzii, Cruz, in first of all being a very black Anopheline and
not with a " fawn coloured " mesonotum as in that species ; moreover, there are
no " erect bifurcated scales " on the occiput, nor is the abdomen " fawn " coloured.
In the also the larger ungues of the fore legs are bi- not uni-serrated. A great
part of Cruz's description of P. lutzii, however, agrees, and the two might easily be
confused unless examined microscopically.

We have seen no specimens of the adult or larva of this species.
Tropical America.

Reported from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Cruz), States of Amazonas, Eio de
Janeiro, Sao Paulo (Lutz) and Minas Geraes, Brazil (Peryassu) and also from
Mexico (Theobald).

We follow Chagas in the synonymy. He explains that Theobald was led into
error by Bourroul, who wrongly indicated forked scales as present on the head.
We note that Cruz, in the original description, indicates a black ring on the
fourth hind tarsal, while subsequent descriptions state that the last three joints
of the hind tarsi are wholly white; however, we feel bound to accept the
synonymy indicated by the Brazilian observers, as it is no doubt based upon
ample data. Theobald's reference to the occurrence of this species in Mexico is
indefinite and we doubt that it exists within the faunal region here considered.
It has not occurred to our collectors in Panama, where we should naturally
expect to find it if it extends at all into our region. We include it, however, on
the strength of Theobald's record.

Considerable confusion exists, owing to the fact that several species of
Anopheles have been given the name lutzii and placed in different genera. This
species was described by Cruz under the name Anopheles lutzii in a Brazilian
publication, which was overlooked by Theobald, who subsequently gave the same
specific name to another species (now called Anopheles boliviensis, as shown by
Knab, Ins. Insc. Menstr., i, 15, 17, 1913) . Both names have been retained under
different generic titles, but improperly so in any case, as both were originally
described in the same genus, and furthermore since we find these different genera
invalid. A third species of Anopheles (Manguinhosia lutzi Cruz) has since been

ANOPHELES TARSIMACULATA

975

given the same specific name, to add to the confusion. Knab referred the species
here considered to the synonymy of Anopheles albitarsis Lynch Arribalzaga, but
that species is distinct, having the abdomen dorsally covered with scales, while
A. lutzii Cruz has the dorsum of the abdomen devoid of scales.

ANOPHELES TARSIMACULATA Goeldi.

Anopheles argyrotarsis albipes Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, i, 125, 1901.
Anopheles argyritarsis Durham (not Robineau-Desvoidy), Thompson Yates Lab.
Rept., iv, 534, 1902.

Anopheles albipes Gray & Low (not Theobald), Brit. Med. Journ., No. 2143, 194, 1902.
Anopheles argyritarsis Durham (not Robineau-Desvoidy), Liverpool School Trop.

Med., Mem. vii, 50, 1902.
Cellia albipes Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic., iii, 110, 1903.
Cellia albipes Bourroul (not Theobald), Mosq. do Brasil, 63, 1904.
Cellia albipes Theobald (in part), Gen. Ins., Dipt., 26 fasc, 11, 1905.
Anopheles tarsimaculata Goeldi, Os Mosq. no Para, 133, 1905.
Anopheles tarsimaculata Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 160, 1906.
Nyssorhynchus cubensis Blanchard (in part, not Agramonte), Les Moustiques, 204,

1905.

Cellia albimanus Coquillett (in part, not Wiedemann), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent.,

Tech. Ser. 11, 13, 1906.
Cellia albimana Theobald (in part, not Wiedemann), Mon. Culic, iv, 106, 1907.
Nyssorhynchus albimanus Autran (not Wiedemann), Anal. Dep. Nac. Hig., xiv, 8,

1907.

Anopheles gorgasi Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 198, 1907.

A nopheles tarsimaculata Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., Iii, 58, 1908.

Anopheles gorgasi Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., Hi, 59, 1908.

Cellia albipes Peryassu (not Theobald), Os Culic. do Brazil, 61, 1908.

Cellia albimana Peryassu (not Wiedemann), Os Culicid. do Brazil, 41, 120, 1908.

Cellia albimana Neiva (not Wiedemann), Mem. Inst. O. Cruz, i, 69, 1909.

Cellia albimana Theobald (in part, not Wiedemann), Mon. Culic, v, 69, 1910.

Anopheles gorgasi Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 86, 1910.

Anopheles tarsimaculata Darling, Stud. Relat. Malaria, Isthm. Canal Comm., 6, 1910.
Anopheles gorgasi Darling, Stud. Rel. Mai., 6, 1910.

Cellia albimana Newstead & Thomas (not Wiedemann), Ann. Trop. Med. & Par., iv,
142, 1910.

Anopheles albimanus Nicholls (not Wiedemann), Bull. Ent. Res., iii, 252, 256, 1912.

Anopheles tarsimaculata Jennings, Journ. Econ. Ent., v, 133, 1912.

Nyssorhynchus cubensis Surcouf & Gonzalez-Rincones (not Agramonte), Arch.

Parasitol., xv, 272, 1912.
Cellia albimana Surcouf & Gonzalez-Rincones (not Wiedemann), Arch. Parasitol.,

xv, 274, 1912.

Anopheles tarsimaculata Knab, Amer. Journ. Trop. Dis. & Prev. Med., i, 36, 1913.
Anopheles tarsimaculata Zetek, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., viii, 221, 1915.

Original Description of Anopheles gorgasi:

Palpi as long as the proboscis, mostly black scaled, the terminal and penultimate
joints light scaled except at the bases and apices; mesothorax gray, with fine brown
scales, a black spot in front of the scutellum, a pair of sublateral black spots
medially; wings with the veins scaled in black and white, two very large black
patches on the costa and a smaller one towards the base and a smaller one at the apex
as in A. albimanus Wied. The rest of the wing is too much denuded to describe.
Abdomen with groups of outstanding scales laterally at the apices of the segments,
the dorsum clothed with yellow scales on a dark ground, the lateral tufts black.
Legs mostly black-scaled, hind legs with the apical half of the second, the third,
and the base of the fourth joints white scaled, the remainder of the fourth and basal
half of the fifth segments black, the third joint with a large black patch on the under
side which reaches from near the base to beyond the middle. Length, 3.5 mm.

One female, in poor condition, La Boca, Canal Zone, Panama (A. H. Jennings,
collector).

Type— No. 10863, U. S. National Museum.

Named, at the suggestion of Mr. August Busck, in honor of Dr. W. C. Gorgas,
Assistant Surgeon-General, U. S. Army, Chief Sanitary Officer of the Isthmian Canal
Commission.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Anopheles tarsimaculata:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, thicker towards base, straight; vestiture
black ; labellaa long, lanceolate, luteous, with a few outstanding setae. Palpi as
long as the proboscis, uniform, roughly clothed with long spatulate scales ; last
two joints white except at their bases; long joint black and white scaled, the

976 MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

black scales predominating, the white ones forming a broad ring at tip and a
narrow one at false articulation. Antennas filiform, the joints rather short,
subequal, densely pilose, blackish; hairs of whorls short, sparse, black; tori
small, subspherical, with an apical cup-shaped excavation, black with gray
pruinosity. Clypeus prominent, subtriangular, blackish, pruinose, nude. Eyes
well separated at vertex, black. Occiput dark, clothed with erect and semi-erect
triangular scales, white on the vertex, black ones on the sides, a group of long
white hair-like scales projecting forward on the vertex; a row of setae along
margins of eyes.

Prothoracic lobes small, lateral. Mesonotum elongate, narrow, blackish-
brown, pruinose, a pair of velvet-black sublateral spots centrally at anterior ends
of a pair of broad bare stripes, a single large black spot on antescutellar space ;
vestiture of rather sparse, small, broadly lanceolate, curved yellowish-white
scales and with rows of short blackish bristles. Scutellum collar-like, uniform,
gray pruinose, with a marginal row of black bristles and clothed with small
white scales like those of mesonotum. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark
brown, nude. Pleura? and coxa? blackish brown, with rows of black bristles and
patches of small white scales mostly on the coxae.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, subtruncate at tip, blackish ; dorsal vesti-
ture of rather broad, flat, dull ochreous scales, numerous black bristles, a lateral
patch of black scales at posterior angles of segments, forming outstanding tufts ;
venter clothed with broad yellowish-white scales, with segmental apical patches
of black ones forming incomplete apical bands; hairs coarse and abundant, par-
ticularly along lateral margins.

Wings (plate 41, fig. 12) moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell
much shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell longer than its cell ; basal
cross-vein distant more than its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales of
veins black and yellowish-white, the outstanding ones lanceolate ; black scales in
patches as follows : six spots on the costa, first and second small, on basal fifth,
third, fourth and fifth large, separated by small yellowish spots, subapical spot
small; first vein with five black spots, the first and second small and opposite
the third costal spot, the third, fourth and fifth opposite the fourth, fifth and
sixth costal spots and nearly as large ; second vein with the stem spotted black
and yellow, fork with a black patch at base, a spot near base and tip of each
branch ; third vein with small black spots near base and apex ; fourth vein
with a black spot at end of stem and one near apex of each fork ; fifth vein with a
black patch before fork, upper branch with three black patches, lower one with
a large subterminal one ; sixth vein with a black patch near base and apex ;
fringe dark, spotted with white at the terminations of veins. Halteres whitish,
with dark knobs.

Legs long and slender; femora clothed on outer side with black scales and
some yellow ones intermixed, a small black ring just beyond the base, middle
and hind pairs with two small white spots just before apex ; tibias black, a yellow
line on inner side ; knees white ; tarsi black with some yellow scales intermixed ;
fore and mid tarsi with a white ring at tip of first, second, third, and fifth joints,
broadest and most distinct on fore tarsi ; hind tarsi with apical half of second
joint, all of third and fourth, and apical third of fifth joints white. Claw
formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Male. — Palpi as long as the proboscis, the last two joints thickened into a
distinct club and bearing long brown hairs; the two terminal joints dorsally
whitish scaled, with a narrow black ring at the articulations, long joint with a
patch of white scales at apex and a median white ring. Antennae densely plu-
mose; last two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others short,
pale, with blackish rings bearing long, dense, silky brown hairs. Coloration as
in the female. Abdomen long, depressed, rather narrow, very slightly expanded
beyond middle ; lateral ciliation of rather short, coarse yellowish hairs. Wings

ANOPHELES TARSIMACULATA

977

narrower than in the female, the stems of the fork-cells longer ; vestiture more
sparse, the black spots on the costa less extensive. Claw formula, 2-0.0-0.0.
Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Genitalia (plate 39, fig. 2G3) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, tips
conically rounded; clasp-filament long and slender, slightly attenuated medi-
anly, terminally with an articulated, slender pointed spine inserted before the
pointed apex; two closely approximated stout spines with curved tips before
middle of side-piece arising from a common base; a stout spine close to base; a
basal appendage resembling a harpago, spatulate, with rounded tip.

Larva, Stage 77.— Head elliptical, longer than wide, the antennae rather
large, spinose on inner side ; dorsal head-hairs and ante-antennal hairs in a row,
stout, amply feathered, those above mouth with the central pair nearly simple,
the lateral ones distinctly feathered. Abdomen with six pairs of well-developed
fan-shaped tufts, preceded by a smaller pair on first segment (plate 130, fig.
460) ; lateral plates of eighth segment with long and short irregularly arranged
teeth.

The eggs have been figured and described by Dr. Goeldi (Os Mosquitos no
Para, 1905, plate O, figs. 131, 132, 133). They are elongate fusiform, slightly
more tapered toward one end, both ends rounded, granular, black ; the ribbed
floats occupy about three-fourths of the lateral margins and are separated
dorsally by about one-third the diameter of the egg itself; ventrally they are
very widely separated. The eggs are 0.424 mm. long and 0.185 mm. wide.

Theobald quotes Dr. Low on the habits as follows :

"Breeding-grounds, extremely varied. I have found them in rivers (Domi-
nica), large swamps, small swamps, irrigated cane fields, ditches, trenches,
canals, small water-courses, small water-holes, depressions made by the hoofs
of smaller cattle and other similar places, also in brackish water, and in a lagoon
of water shut off from the sea by a bank of sand only ten yards wide ; the inter-
esting point about the latter was that there was no vegetation of any sort in the
water except some old sea weed. Any collection of water in the country seems
to do for their breeding in, especially when it is more or less thickly grown with
algae and other water-plants ... I have never found them in water-barrels,
tubs, tanks, wells, or other collections of a similar nature in towns. . . . The
larvae die quickly under artificial cultivation if the water is allowed to become
foul. The larval stages last fifteen to eighteen days, and the pupal stage two
days.

" The adult insect is not in any sense of the term a domestic or house
mosquito. They come in to feed just as it is getting dark and leave again in the
mornings as it gets light. Searching many native huts by day invariably gave
negative results. . . . They are rarely seen during the day and never in bright
sunlight. Imprisoned in test tubes, however, they will readily bite men or
animals at any time of the day. . . ."

Dr. Peryassu states that the larvae are carnivorous and cannibalistic. The
larva; may develop in brackish water. He has found associated with these larvae,
those of Aedes calopus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex coronator, Acdes fluvia-
tilis, Lutzia bigoti, Psorophora apicalis, and Limatus durhamii, and he has
found them in artificial receptacles, as the above associations would indicate.

Tropical America; Lesser Antilles and mainland from Nicaragua southward.

Bluefields, Nicaragua (W. F. Thornton) ; Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama
(A. Busck) ; Colon, Panama (A. H. Jennings) ; La Boca, Canal Zone, Panama
(A. Busck) ; Surinam (H. Polak) ; Schoepmoed, Berbice River, British
Guiana, April, 1905 (E. D. Eowland) ; New Amsterdam, British Guiana, May
1, 1907 (J. Aiken) ; Trinidad, June, Julv, 1905 (A. Busck) ; St. Joseph, Trini-
dad, August 2, 1899 (F. W. Urich) ; Grenada, West Indies, June 9, 1905 (A.
Busck). Reported also from Cachoeirinha, Manaos, Brazil (Durham) ; Sao
Paulo, Brazil (Lutz) ; Rio de Janeiro, Acre Territory, States of Amazonas, Para,

978

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Bahia, Minas Geraes and Matto Grosso, Brazil (Peryassu) ; Iquitos, Peru (New-
stead & Thomas) ; St. Lucia (Gray & Low, Nicholls), Dominica, St. Vincent,
Grenada and Carriacore, Grenadines (Theobald), West Indies.

Goeldi's name Anopheles tarsimaculata was not proposed for a new species,
but suggested as a desirable emendation of albipes. There is therefore no
original description, but the species is figured and with the discussion the new
name is published. We have therefore felt justified in recognizing Goeldi's
name as the first valid name for the species before us.

Anopheles tarsimaculata closely resembles A. albimanus and differs from it
in only one important detail, the coloration of the palpi, which shows much more
white than in albimanus. The abundant material before us shows that this
difference is constant and furthermore that the two forms occupy distinct
geographic areas. A. tarsimaculata occurs in tropical and subtropical South
America east of the Andes, in the Lesser Antilles, and extends northward over
the Isthmus of Panama to eastern Nicaragua. It is only from Panama north-
ward that tarsimaculata and albimanus occur together, the latter species ex-
tending southward from Panama only on the western side of the Andes. We
have seen specimens from only two of the Lesser Antilles, Trinidad and
Grenada, but from what we know of insect distribution in the Antilles we are
confident that those in the other islands will be found to be tarsimaculata. We
have examined many specimens from Cuba, St. Domingo, Jamaica and Porto
Eico and found them to be invariably albimanus.

The wing pattern is identical with that of Anopheles albimanus and A.
argyritarsis and the color of the pale scales is yellowish, as in albimanus, and
not pure white, as in most argyritarsis. We have found only one exception, in
one of the specimens from New Amsterdam, British Guiana ; in this the light
colored wing-scales are pure white and furthermore the scales on the dorsum
of the abdomen are light bluish-gray, instead of yellowish as in normal speci-
mens. The wing pattern shows considerable variation, particularly in the
extent of the black spots in the costal region. The three largest costal spots may
be very closely approximated and separated only by minute yellowish dots, or
they may be well separated by larger yellowish patches; in the latter case the
large black spot nearest the wing base is usually more or less completely broken,
producing an additional small black spot at its distal end. This latter con-
dition is particularly characteristic of the male, where the reduction of the
black costal spots appears to be the rule.

According to Nicholls the larva? of Anopheles tarsimaculata may be dis-
tinguished from those of A . argyritarsis by the presence of " four pairs of
brilliant white areas, situated on the front of the thorax and on the second,
fifth, and eighth abdominal segments respectively." He states that these
markings are only obvious in healthy specimens and we suspect that, like other
color peculiarities of Anopheles larva?, they are not reliable. Nicholls states
that the pupa likewise " can be distinguished by two large white blotches situ-
ated on the posterior part of the thorax."

Anopheles tarsimaculata was included by Theobald in his description of
Anopheles argyrotarsis albipes, but the major part of that description applies
to albimanus Wiedemann, and we have accordingly quoted albipes under the
synonymy of albimanus. The specimens before Theobald from British Guiana,
Rio de Janeiro, and Antigua are tarsimaculata, and the quoted description of
the larva belongs here. The specimen from India is doubtless misidentified.
Bourroul cites the species wrongly under albipes, Blanchard wrongly under
cubensis, Coquillett and Peryassu wrongly under albimanus.

Reexamination of the single type-specimen of Anopheles gorgasi Dyar and
Knab has convinced us that it is an abnormality and referable to tarsimaculata.
The specimen is in poor condition and lacks the last three tarsal joints of the
right hind leg. The left hind tarsus has the third joint white-scaled with an
elongate black spot beneath ; the fourth joint is black-scaled with a white ring

ANOPHELES ALBIMANUS

979

at base; the fifth joint is black on the basal half, the apical half is much de-
nuded but apparently was white-scaled. In other respects the specimen agrees
with tarsimaculata and the fact that among the many hundreds of specimens
of Anopheles from the Panama region which we have had occasion to examine,
no like specimen has appeared, has led us to conclude that the difference in the
tarsal markings is an abnormality.

ANOPHELES ALBIMANUS Wiedemann.
Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann, Dipt, exot., 10, 1821.

Anopheles albimanus Robineau-Desvoidy, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, iii, 411, 1827.
Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann, Aussereurop. zweifl. Ins., i, 13, 1828.
Anopheles albimanus von Roder, Ent. Zeit., Stettin, xlvi, 338, 1885.
Anopheles species, Guiteras, Rev. de Med. Trop., i, 17, 1900.
Anopheles cubensis Agramonte, El Progreso Medico, x, 460, 1900.
Anopheles albimanus Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 144, 1900.
Anopheles argyrotarsis albipes Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 125, 1901.
Anopheles argyritarsis Howard (not Robineau-Desvoidy), Mosquitoes, 117, 240, 1901.
Anopheles albimanus Giles, Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 294, 1902.
Laverania argyrotarsis albipes Theobald, .Tourn. Trop. Med., v, 183, 1902.
Anopheles argyritarsis Howard (not Robineau-Desvoidy), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
v, 100, 1902.

Cellia argyrotarsis Stephens & Christophers (not Robineau-Desvoidy), The Practical

Study of Malaria, 205, 1903.
Anopheles argyrotarsis sub-sp. albipes Parker, Beyer & Pothier, Bull. 13, Yellow

Fever Inst, Public Health and Mar.-Hosp. Service, 38, 1903.
Anopheles argyrotarsis albipes Taylor, Revista de Med. Trop., iv, 149, 159, 166, 172,

1903.

Cellia albipes Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, iii, 110, 1903.

Anopheles argyritarsis albipes Pazos, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1904, 134, 1904.

Cellia albipes Giles, Rev. Anophel., 46, 1904.

Nyssorhyncfais cubensis Blanchard (in part), Les Moustiques, 204, 1905.
Anopheles dubius Blanchard, Les Moust., 205, 1905.

Cellia argyrotarsis albipes Goeldi (in part), Os Mosq. no Para, 129, 1905.
Cellia albipes Theobald, Mosq. or Culic. of Jamaica, 15, 1905.
Cellia albipes Theobald (in part), Gen. Ins., Dipt. 26 fasc, 11, 1905.
Cellia albipes Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 470, 1905.

Anopheles argyrotarsis albipes = Nyssorhynchus cubensis Coronado, Agramonte y
Agostini, Etiologia y profilaxis del Paludismo en Cuba (Revista Assoc.
Medico-Farmaceutica de Cuba), p. 27 of separate, 1906.

Anopheles albimanus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 7, 1906.

Cellia albimanus Coquillett (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech. Ser. 11, 13,
1906.

Anopheles albimanus Dyar & Knab (in part), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 176, 1906.

Anopheles albipes Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 175, 1906.

Cellia albimana Theobald (in part), Mon. Culicid., iv, 106, 1907.

Anopheles albipes Howard, Osier's Modern Medicine, i, 383, 386, 1907.

Anopheles albimanus Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., iii, 57, 1908.

Cellia albipes Prout, Ann. Trop. Med. & Paras., iii, 487, 1909.

Anopheles albimanus Pazos, San. y Ben., ii, 45, 177, 1909.

Cellia albimana Theobald (in part), Mon. Culic, v, 69, 1910.

Anopheles albimanus Darling, Stud. Rel. Malaria, Isthm. Canal Comm., 6, 1910.

Anopheles albimanus Jennings, Journ. Econ. Ent, v, 132, 1912.

Anopheles albimanus Knab, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xiv, 80, 1912.

Anopheles albimanus Knab, Journ. Econ. Ent, v, 198, 1912.

Anopheles albimanus Knab, Amer. Journ. Trop. Dis. & Prev. Med., i, 34, 40, 1913.

Anopheles albimanus Zetek, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., viii, 221, 1915.

Original Description of Anopheles albimanus:

Fuscus, abdomine maculis magnis trigonis griseis, alis fusco-maculatis, tarsorum
apice niveo. Longit. lin. 2%. $. Ins. St. Domingo.

Palporum articuli apice nivei. Abdominis singula segmenta macula grisea apice
antrorsum directa. Alarum costa fusco-nigra, flavldo ita intersecta ut maculae
longitudinales formentur; in margine alarum interno et disco quoque maculae
apparent sed multo minores. Mus. nostr.

Original Description of Anopheles argyrotarsis albipes:

This form resembles the type in all respects except that the last tarsal joint in
the hind legs has a very distinct and persistent deep black basal band. The thorax
is rather browner in some specimens, and there are only two white bands to the

980

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

5 palpi. The fore legs have dark sealed femora, pale beneath, with a small white
knee spot, the tibiae dusky scaled and also the metatarsus above, pale below, apex
white; the first two tarsi have yellow apical bands, the third dark, and the last clay
coloured; mid legs with a white spot near the apex of the femora; mid tarsi not
definitely banded, but with a faint pale band sometimes at the apex of the meta-
tarsus; the hind legs are dark brown, with the second, third, and apex of the first
tarsal joints pure white, the last joint white, with a distinct black basal band;
ungues as in the type. Wings much as in the type, but the pale scales are more
yellow in colour.

Length. — 3.5 to 4.5 mm.; 5 4 to 4.5 mm.

Habitat— Jamaica (Grabham) (0 7. 12. 1899, and 8. 2. 1900); British Guiana
(Rowland); Rio de Janeiro (Lutz) ; Antigua (Forrest). India (Giles).

Time of capture. — November to March in Jamaica; July British Guiana

Original Description of Anopheles cubensis:

Este mosquito fue encontrado en la Isla de Cuba, (Quemados) por el Dr. Lazear
en Junio de 1900 y enviado al Dr. Howard para su clasificacidn. De los mosquitos
conocidos se parece mas al A. albitarsis que a ningun otro. Ulteriormente ha sido
estudiado por el Dr. Guiteras, el Dr. Davalos y nostros. Es indudable que este mos-
quito constituye una variedad distinta de las descritas hasta la fecha, como se vera
por la descripcion que de la " Nota Preliminar " del Dr. Guiteras, copiamos integra.
(Revista de Medicina Tropical).

" Examinando las larvas encontramos que presentan los caracteres que sefiala
" Grassi como caracteristicos de las larvas del A. superpictus. Es decir, que por
" encima de cada uno de los mechones de cerdas que adornan la parte lateral del
" Clipeus, se proyecta hacia adelante una espira, 6 gruesa cerda, que presenta un
" ligero indicio de arborizacion.

" Esta es la finica larva de Anopheles que hemos encontrado en los lugares
" mencionados, con excepcion de una que encontramos en Matanzas, que presentaba
" los caracteres del A. bifurcatus ; es decir, una espina lisa. De esta ultima larva
" no pudimos obtener la imagen correspondiente.

" De la otra larva si hemos logrado seguir la evolucion completa y hemos obtenido
" un gran numero de insectos perfectos. Estos resultan no pertener precisamente
" a la especie arriba mencionada, A. superpictus ; pero si al grupo de varias especies
" que se asemejan entre si, y que incluye ademas del superpictus, el seudopictus, el
" costalis y otros.

" Asemejase nuestro anofeles comfln en la distribucion de las mancha de las alas
" al costalis que es la especie comun en el Africa tropical occidental; pero presenta
" diferencias que sin duda haran de el una especie distinta. Diferenciase tambien
" del andfeles albimanus descrito por Vied en Jamaica y por Von Roder en Puerto-
" Rico, si podemos juzgar por la descripcion que aparece en el libro de Giles.

" Descripcion preliminar del insecto. — Se posa este en la actitud caracteristica
" descrita por Ross, es decir, formando la probosis y el abdomen una Hnea casi
" recta, que invariablemente forma con la superficie donde descansa el insecto un
" angulo de 45 6 mas grados, segun lo indica la figura adjunta.

" En la hembra los dos palpos, del mismo largo que la probosis se Uevan casl
" siempre en contacto con esta, formando una trompa tan larga, y casi tan gruesa
" como el abdomen cuando el insecto no ha chupado sangre. EI palpo consta de
" cinco articulos cubiertos de escamas grandes y de escasas cerdas. La extremidad
" terminal de cada palpo presenta un tenue anillo blanquecino, excepto el tiltimo
" articulo que es todo bianco.

" La terminacion de la oliva es tambien blanquencina.

" Las antenas constan de catorce articulos contando con la torula, y presentan un
" color parduzco. Los ojos presentan ribete bianco, y en la nuca se observa un
" penachito de escamas, blanquecinas algunas.

" El t6rax es carmelita, tomentoso en la parte superior. Las pleuras presentan
" una ligera estriacion amarillosa.

" Las patas. El primer par presenta algun engrosamiento de la mitad proximal
" del femur. El color es oscuro con algunas pequenas manchas atigradas. La tibia
" es mas gruesa en su extremidad distal, y de color oscuro. El primero, segundo
" y tercer tarso presentan anillos blanquecinos terminales. El cuarto y quinto son
" oscuros.

" El segundo par presenta algun engrosamiento de la extremidad distal del femur.
" Tambien presenta este las mismas manchas atigradas. Los tarsos son oscuros,
" excepto la mitad distal del ultimo que clarea algo.

" EI tercer par, mas delgado y mas largo que los otros. Femur como en el segundo
" par. El primer tarso es oscuro. El segundo tarso presenta la mitad distal de un
" bianco niveo. Del mismo color son el tercero y cuarto tarso. El tiltimo tarso
" presenta le extremidad superior oscura, y la inferior blanquecina.

" La ungulatura de la hembra, como en las otras especies de anofeles, presenta
" la formula 0.0-0.0-0.0.

ANOPHELES ALBIMANUS

981

" Los palpos del macho son casi tan largos como la probosis. El primero y
" segundo artlculo presenta una separacion indistinta. El tercer articulo se dilata
"en forma de cono con la base hacia la extremidad distal: El apice del cono es
" ligeramente blanquecino; la base presenta un anillo bianco. El cuarto artlculo
" es mas corto y de forma conica tambien, su base tocando con la del anterior. De
" la base del cuarto artlculo sale un escobill6n de cerdas largas, muchas de las
" cuales son pardas hacia la punta. La extremidad distal de este articulo es blanca.
" El quinto artlculo, pequefio y conico tambien presenta la parte ancha, proximal,
" oscura y la extremidad apical clara.

" La manera de distribuci6n de las manchas en el ala podra apreciarse en el
" adjunto diagrama."

El insecto que nos ocupa esta al parecer bien diseminada por toda la Isla. El
primer ejemplar que vimos lo recogi6 el Dr. Lazear en los Quemados, (Campamento
de Columbia) en Junio del presento ano; mas tarde, (Julio 6) capturamos nuestra
primera muestra en las faldas del Castillo del Principe, alrededores de la Habana;
de entonces aca el Dr. Guiteras lo obtuvo de Matanzas, el Dr. Davalos del Cerro y
nosotros en Pinar del Rio, habiendo recibido varios ejemplares de Bayamo, Cienfugos
y Santa Clara. Abunda este anopheles en las charcas que so forman en las canteras
abandonadas del Vedado y de Jesus del Monte, (Habana).

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Anopheles albimanus:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, thicker towards base, straight; vestiture black,
labellae long, lanceolate, luteons, with a few outstanding seta?. Palpi as long as
the proboscis, uniform, roughly clothed with long spatulate scales; last joint
and articulation of preceding one white, long joint black with a narrow white
ring at middle. Antennae filiform, the joints rather short, subequal, densely
pilose, blackish ; hairs of whorls short, sparse, black ; tori small, subspherical,
with an apical cup-shaped excavation, black with gray pruinosity. Clypeus
prominent, subtriangular, blackish, pruinose, nude. Eyes well separated at
vertex, black. Occiput dark, clothed with erect and semi-erect elliptical and
truncate white scales medianly, black ones on the sides, a group of long white
hair-like scales projecting forward on the vertex ; a row of hairs along margins
of eyes.

Prothoracic lobes small, lateral. Mesonotum elongate, narrow, grayish-
brown, pruinose, a pair of velvet-black spots centrally at anterior ends of a pair
of broad sublateral bare stripes, and another large spot before scutelhim ;
vestiture of rather sparse, small, broadly lanceolate, curved ocherous scales and
with rows of short blackish bristles. Scutellum collar-like, uniform, gray-
pruinose, with a marginal row of black bristles and clothed with small white
scales like those of mesonotum. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown,
nude. Pleura and coxae blackish-brown, with rows of black bristles and small
patches of white scales, mostly on the coxa?.

Abdomen subcylindrical, flattened, subtruncate at tip, blackish ; dorsal vesti-
ture of rather broad, flat, pale yellow scales, numerous black bristles, a lateral
patch of black scales on posterior angles of segments, forming outstanding
lateral tufts ; venter clothed with broad yellowish scales, with segmental apical
patches of black ones forming incomplete apical bands; hairs coarse and
abundant, particularly along lateral margins.

Wings (plate 41, fig. 14) moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell
about half as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell longer than its cell ;
basal cross-vein distant more than its own length from anterior cross-vein : scales
of veins black and yellowish-white, the outstanding ones lanceolate, the black in
patches as follows: six spots on the costa, first and second small, on basal fifth,
third, fourth, and fifth large, sixth subapical and small; first vein with five
black spots, the first and second small and opposite the third costal spot, the
third, fourth and fifth opposite the fourth, fifth and sixth costal spots and
nearly as large; second vein with the stem spotted black and yellow, fork-cell
with a black patch at base, a spot near base and tip of each fork ; third vein with
a small black spot at base and near apex; fourth vein with a long black patch
before fork, two black spots on upper branch and one subapically on lower;
fifth vein with a black patch before the fork, upper branch with three black
patches, lower one with a small terminal one ; sixth vein with a black patch near

982

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

base and another before apex ; fringe dark, spotted with white at ends of veins.
Halteres whitish, with dark knobs.

Legs long and slender; femora clothed on outer side with black scales and
some yellow ones intermixed, a small black ring just beyond base, middle and
hind pairs with two white spots just before apex, under side continuously yel-
lowish except at apex; tibia? black, a yellow line on inner side; knees white;
tarsi black with some yellow scales intermixed; front tarsi with first, second,
and third joints broadly ringed with white; mid tarsi without distinct marks;
hind tarsi with apical half of second joint, all of third and fourth joints white,
a black ring at basal third of fifth joint. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Male. — Palpi as long as the proboscis, the last two joints thickened into a
distinct club and bearing long black and yellowish hairs ; last joint with apical
two-thirds silvery-white scaled, base black; penultimate joint narrowly white
scaled at apex ; long joint white scaled at apex and with a median white ring.
Antennas densely plumose; last two joints slender, rugose, pilose, black, the
others short, pale, with blackish rings bearing long, dense, silky brown hairs.
Coloration as in the female. Abdomen long, depressed, rather narrow, very
slightly expanded beyond middle ; lateral ciliation of rather short, coarse yellow-
ish hairs. Wings narrower than in the female, the stems of the fork-cells longer ;
vestiture more sparse, the black spots along the costa less extensive. Claw
formula, 2-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Genitalia (plate 39, fig. 264) : Side-pieces twice as long as wide, tapering,
the tips rounded; clasp-filament long and slender, about as long as the side-
piece, medianly slightly attenuated, terminally a short inserted claw, preceded
by a small seta ; two approximated coarse spines with recurved tips arising
from a peduncle near middle of side-piece and a single slenderer spine further
inward ; a stout rod from a peduncle at extreme base ; false harpes long, smooth ;
unci forming a basal plate with deep central notch.

Larva, Stage IV. — Head elongate, rounded, bulging at the sides, antennae
laterally inserted, portion before antennae conically produced ; four dorsal head-
hairs in a line between antennae, single but amply feathered, a small hair at base
of antennae; two long approximate spines on clypeus. Antennae rather large,
subcylindrical, slightly tapered, spined throughout, spines on inner side very
coarse ; a tuft of feathered hairs from basal fourth ; two long terminal digits,
two short ones and a long slender hair-tuft. Eyes large, normal. Mental plate
with a rounded apical tooth and four on each side; first three evenly spaced,
fourth small and basally situated. Mandible quadrangular ; a row of branched
hairs on dorsal aspect near base, followed by a little tuft and two small fila-
ments; five long filaments before tip; an outer row of cilia; eight feathered
filaments on outer margin; terminal dentition produced, of five small teeth,
the third the largest ; two serrate filaments within ; a long dentate process below,
composed of confluent spines; basal angle roundedly upcurved; a row of long
hairs at base. Maxilla rounded rectangular, concave on outer margin, inner
angle shorter ; densely covered with short curved hairs ; two small approximate
filaments crossing an indistinct suture ; palpus obliquely attached, conical, with
a large dendritic tuft without, numerous short appendages at tip, some of which
are spatulate. Thorax subquadrate, about as long as wide; hairs short, con-
sisting of branched hairs, single hairs and tufts; mesothorax sparsely haired.
Abdomen stout, anterior segments shorter ; long feathered lateral hairs on first
three segments, double on first and second, single on third ; hairs on succeeding
segments small, smooth; a series of well-developed subdorsal fan-shaped tufts
on second to seventh segments (plate 130, fig. 460) ; a pair of smaller ones on
the first segment. Air-tube sessile, subquadrate, roundedly angled posteriorly.
Lateral plates of eighth segment posteriorly with a series of spines, irregu-

ANOPHELES ALBIMANUS

983

larly alternating long and short, the longest of the short ones less than half as
long as the longest of the long ones. Anal segment about as long as wide, with
a small dorsal plate; dorsal brush a long and a shorter tuft on each side; a
single long lateral hair below the plate; ventral brush well developed, of long
branched tufts; anal gills moderate, about as long as the segment, blunt
pointed.

The species is in many localities within its range the most abundant Anoph-
eles. The female is very bloodthirsty and is the most efficient host of the
malarial parasites. On this account the species is of the greatest economic im-
portance. The females enter houses in much larger numbers than the other
species, even though some of the latter may be equally abundant in the locality.
Its presence, or abundance, depends upon local conditions, chief of which are
breeding facilities and the blood supply. It would seem that the species does
not occur in uninhabited regions.

The breeding-places are usually ground-pools of a more or less transient
character that may be altogether free from alga?. The larva? appear to thrive
best in brackish water. The species has been found breeding in enormous num-
bers in brackish swamps of a temporary character on the Isthmus of Panama.
On one occasion Mr. Jennings found the larva? in pools formed by the washing
over of a very high tide, and which, therefore, must have been pure sea-water.
Analysis of water from brackish swamps in which Mr. Jennings found Anoph-
eles albimanus breeding abundantly showed .92$ and 1.93$ of sodium chloride.

Mr. Knab found a larva in a newly-dug ditch along a railroad; Mr. Busck
in a puddle in the woods frequented by swine and in a stagnant ill-smelling pool
caused by dumping operations ; Mr. Jennings got them in a rapidly running
river, in swamps both of fresh and brackish water, puddles in a field, ditches
and puddles in the Panama canal-cut, and in hoof prints. Mr. Busck found the
larva? associated with Anopheles pseudopunctipennis, Culex coronator, Culex
leprincei, and Culex interrogator.

We quote the following from Mr. Jennings, based upon his experinece in the
Panama region :

" The breeding places of this species show great diversity of character, though
preference is shown by the mosquito for stagnant, fairly pure water, exposed to
direct sunlight, with a growth of Spirogyra, which alga is a favorite food.
Sewage contamination is inimical to the species when such contamination is
marked. Kapidly flowing water also is unsuitable and streams with strong
current are usually quite free, except in back waters and hollows where the cur-
rent is little felt. I have never taken albimanus in artificial containers except in
one or two instances when the occurrence was evidently purely accidental.
With the exception of foul or swift water they may occur in almost any collec-
tion of water, however small or seemingly unsuited to mosquito propagation.
Hoof-prints, wheel-ruts, the smallest puddle or thinnest film of water seeping
upon the ground from a wet hillside, particularly if the ubiquitous alga? are
present, are points of danger and must be included in control work. For an
Anopheles the flight of albimanus is strong. . . . While not domestic in the
same sense as Stegomyia calopus, Anopheles albimanus is closely associated with
man and finds its most congenial surroundings about his habitations and in the
conditions he creates in the course of agricultural, engineering and other work.
This fact is correlated with the highly developed blood-sucking habit."

Agramonte states that in Cuba the fertilized females pass the winter in a state
of lethargy in considerable numbers, hiding in stables and other buildings.

Continental America from Mexico to Ecuador and the Greater Antilles;
southern Florida.

Manzanillo, Mexico (A. Duges) ; Palizada, Mexico (A. Duges) ; San Bias,
Mexico (A. Duges) ; Santa Luerecia, Mexico, October, 1911 (F. W. Urich) ;
Tampico, Mexico, September 3, 1902 (J. Goldberger), December 5, 1909 (F. C.

984

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Bishopp) ; Bluefields, Nicaragua ( ) ; Puerto Barrios, Guatemala, August

18, 1903 (W. L. Stone) ; San Jose, Guatemala, May 6, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Port
Limon, Costa Eica, September 27, 1905 (P. Knab) ; Bocas del Toro, Panama,
September 28, 1903 (P. Osterhout) ; Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama, April
28, 1907 (A. Busck) ; La Boca, Canal Zone, Panama (A. Busck) ; Gatun, Canal
Zone, Panama (A. Busck) ; Taboga Island, Panama Bay, Panama (A. Busck) ;
Italian Camp, Ancon, Canal Zone, Panama, November 22, 1907 (A. H. Jen-
nings) ; Pedro Miguel, Canal Zone, Panama, December 7, 1907 (A. H. Jen-
nings) ; Miraflores, Canal Zone, Panama, December 10, 1907 (A. H. Jennings) ;
Road to Comacho dam, Canal Zone, Panama, December 20, 1907 (A. H. Jen-
nings) ; Caldera Island, Porto Bello Bay, Panama, January 4, 1908 (A. H.
Jennings) ; Las Cascadas, Canal Zone, Panama, February 5, 1908 (A. H.
Jennings) ; East Corozal, Canal Zone, Panama, June 27, 1908 (A. H. Jen-
nings) ; San Pablo, Canal Zone, Panama (A. H. Jennings) ; near Panama City,
Panama, December 6, 1907 (A. H. Jennings) ; Guayaquil, Ecuador (F.
Campos) ; Kingston, Jamaica (M. Grabham) ; San Francisco Mountains, Santo
Domingo, April, 1905 (A. Busck) ; Porto Eico, December, 1913 (W. R. Whip-
pitt) ; Havana, Cuba (J. R. Taylor), October, 1900 (J. Carroll) ; San Antonio
de los Banos, Cuba (J. H. Pazos) ; Key West, Florida (C. H. Gardner).

The species Anopheles albimanus was established by Wiedemann in 1821.
It was redescribed by Agramonte under the tentative name cubensis in 1900,
and by Theobald in 1901 under the name albipes as a variety of argyritarsis.
Blanchard cites in the synonymy of this species " Anopheles dubius Theobald,
1901." We have been unable to trace this name in the writings of Theobald and
are therefore obliged to credit it to Blanchard.

The species agrees closely in most of its characteristics with Anopheles argyri-
tarsis, the most marked difference being the presence of a black ring on the last
joint of the hind tarsi in albimanus. The wing pattern is practically identical
in the two species, but in argyritarsis the light colored scales are usually pure
white while in albimanus they are distinctly ochreous yellow. The three velvet-
black spots on the mesonotum are very distinct in albimanus, while usually they
are not particularly obvious in argyritarsis. Unless these differences are kept in
mind specimens of albimamis with the hind tarsi broken are likely to be mistaken
for argyritarsis.

As in Anopheles tarsimaculata and A. argyritarsis, the wing pattern is vari-
able in the relative extent of the dark and light scales, particularly on the costa.
In the male the black spots on the costa are less extensive and the large spot
nearest the wing-base is divided near its distal end; females occur which vary
more or less in the same direction. In lots received in 1912 from the Gatun
region of the Panama Canal Zone, during the time of the great flight already
mentioned, some of the females show a variation in the coloration of the palpi
in the direction of tarsimaculata. These specimens have the penultimate joint
of the palpi more or less yellowish scaled with a black ring at the base, the long
joint with a white apical ring, as in tarsimaculata. As some typical tarsimacu-
lata were taken in the same lot it is possible that the two forms were interbreed-
ing as a result of inordinate multiplication due to the conditions then existing ;
at all events we have not seen such intermediate specimens from other localities,
even where the two forms occur together. The distribution of Anopheles albi-
manus has been discussed in connection with tarsimaculata. As far as our
present information goes the species extends from Mexico to Panama on the
mainland and only extends into South America on the Pacific coast; in the West
Indies it is restricted to the Greater Antilles. Theobald, in his original descrip-
tion of albipes, includes specimens from South American localities, he evidently
having overlooked the difference in the ornamentation of the palpi. He even
mentions India as a locality, but this is clearly a misidentification originating
with Giles.

ANOPHELES BELLATOR

985

ANOPHELES BELLATOR Dyar & Knab.

Anopheles bellator Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 160, 1906.
Anopheles bellator Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., Hi, 58, 1908.
Anopheles bellator Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 86, 1910.

Original Description of Anopheles bellator:

Palpi black; head black, a tuft of pale scales between the eyes. Thorax gray, with
four black longitudinal lines, the two nearest the middle narrower and stopping
short of the base, the two lateral ones attaining the scutellum; before scutellum a
short median black line: pleurae dark, with two white stripes. Abdomen entirely
dark. Costa of wing with six white spots, one basal, the last at extreme apex;
third vein white, with a black spot at apex and near base; fifth vein white near base
and at base of the fork, and a small white spot on upper branch; fringe with two
white spots, at lower fork of fourth vein and upper fork of fifth vein respectively.
Front legs with the femora with a black spot at base, a black dash at middle third
and two black spots at apex; tibiae dark above, with two black, nearly encircling,
spots at apex; first tarsal joint with a black ring near the base, second and third
joints black at the base, fourth and fifth entirely black. Mid legs with the femora
mostly black: tibiae black, white at tip; first tarsal joint black, white at tip; second
black at base, apical half white; third and fourth joints black, white at tip; fifth
black. Hind legs with femora white, black above, with a black ring at the outer
third; tibiae black above with two black rings toward apex; first tarsal joint black,
with a white apical ring and white at extreme base; second, third and fourth joints
black, with white apical ring; fifth joint black.

Three specimens, Trinidad, B. W. I. (P. W. Urich; A. Busck).

Type— Cat. No. 10,027, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Near A. lutzii Cruz, but differs in the coloration of the palpi and legs. According
to Dr. Lutz, A. lutzii was first described by Dr. Oswald Cruz in the Brazil Medico.
Theobald redescribes it as a new species; but it should be credited to Cruz.

Description of Female and Male Anopheles bellator (Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis moderate, straight, uniform; labelhe long, lanceolate,
with fine outstanding setae ; vestiture black. Palpi as long as the proboscis, uni-
form, stout, roughened by long erect spatulate scales, black, a few whitish
scales at base of last joint. Antennae filiform, the joints subequal, rather short,
blackish, densely pilose; hairs of whorls sparse, black, short; tori subspherical
with an apical cup-shaped excavation, blackish-brown with a luteous rim.
Clypeus prominent, subtriangular, black, nude. Eyes black. Occiput with a
median groove, blackish, clothed with erect, broad, triangular black scales, a
few scattered white ones and a group of them in the center of vertex, a group
of long white hairs projecting forward between the eyes, a row of long black
hairs along margins of eyes.

Prothoracic lobes small, lateral. Mesonotum narrow, elongate, gray, pruinose,
a pair of narrow longitudinal velvet-black stripes on the disk, between them a
very narrow median stripe, extending from anterior margin to posterior third,
outwardly from these a broader velvet-black stripe extending the entire length
of mesonotum and separated from lateral margins by about its own width ; the
gray intervals bear fine pale yellow hairs arising from small black punctures;
some rather broad, suberect yellowish-white scales along anterior and lateral
margins. Scutellum collar-like, grayish, with long dark brown marginal bristles.
Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown, nude. Pleurae blackish-brown
with* two pale transverse bars, coxa? luteous, with fine hairs and small patches
of white scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, depressed, tip truncate, brownish-black, without
scales, rather evenly clothed with numerous fine yellowish hairs.

Wings (plate 41, fig. 9) moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell
shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell longer than its cell ; basal cross-
vein distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein ; outstanding scales
of veins broadly linear, black with white scales in spots as follows : four on the
costa, five on first vein, all except the first opposite those on the costa, a small
spot at base of third vein and a very long one at middle, a long spot in the middle
of fifth vein not involving its upper branch, one near its base and a small one on
upper branch; fringe dusky, with pale spots at lower branch of second, lower

63

986

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

branch of fourth and upper branch of fifth veins. Halteres pale, with dark knobs.

Legs long and slender; vestiture black and white; femora and tibia? dark,
white lined on the sides; femora with a small black ring close to base; knees
white; fore tarsi with first joint yellowish, a black ring near base and a black
dash above beyond middle, second and third joints yellowish with black basal
rings, fourth and fifth joints dark scaled ; mid tarsi dark scaled, first joint with
a broad yellowish-white ring at apex, second and third with the apical three-
fourths yellowish-white, fourth and fifth without distinct white marks; hind
tarsi with moderate white rings at apices of first four joints, fifth joint all black,
a narrow white ring at base of first joint. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 3.5 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Male. — Palpi about as long as the proboscis, with the tip of the long joint
and the last two joints swollen to form a club and with long blackish hairs;
vestiture black, last two joints dorsally white-scaled, dark at bases, a white
ring at middle of long joint. Antennas plumose; last two joints long and
slender, rugose, black ; the others also rather long, slender, pale, with broad black
basal ring ; hairs of whorls long, dense, blackish. Coloration as in the female,
the abdomen more hairy. Wings narrower than in the female, the vestiture less
abundant. Claw formula, 2-0.0-0.0.0.

Length : Body about 3.5 mm. ; wing 3 mm.

Genitalia (plate 38, fig. 256) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, tips
conically rounded ; two stout setae near middle of inner margin of side-piece and
one toward base ; a long seta close to base ; a pair of flattened rounded basal
appendages bearing a fringe of long fine hairs. Clasp-filament long, slender,
attenuated in the middle, with a small sharp terminal claw.

The larvae live in the water held by the leaf-bases of Bromeliaceae. Mr.
Busck found it associated with larvae of Culex imitator and Wyeomyia abascanta.

Trinidad, West Indies.

Trinidad, June, 1905 (A. Busck) ; Trinidad (F. W. TJrich).

We have received no specimens of Anopheles bellator since the original types
It is probably more widely spread, but, as it is not taken unless bred and occurs
in such unusual situations, it is seldom collected. It represents in northern
South America the widely distributed Anopheles boliviensis Theobald.

ANOPHELES NEIVAI, new species.

Anopheles lutzii Busck (not Cruz, not Theobald), Smiths. Misc. Colls., lii, 58, 1908.
Anopheles cruzii Dyar & Knab (in part), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxv, 53, 1908.
Anopheles cruzii Darling (not Dyar & Knab), Stud. Rel. Malaria, Isthm. Canal
Comm., 10, 1910.

Anopheles species near cruzi Jennings, Journ. Econ. Ent., v, 135, 1912.
Anopheles neivai Knab (nomen nudum), Amer. Journ. Trop. Dis. & Prev. Med., i,
35, 1913.

Anopheles neivai Picado (nomen nudum), Bull. Scient. France & Belg., 7 Ser., xlvii,
353, 1913.

Description of Female and Larva of Anopheles neivai (Male Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis moderate, straight, slightly enlarged basally; labella?
long, lanceolate, with fine outstanding setae ; vestiture black. Palpi as long as
the proboscis, roughened by long erect spatulate black scales, a few whitish
scales at apices of last two joints. Antennae filiform, the joints subequal, rather
short, blackish, densely pilose ; hairs of whorls rather short, sparse, black ; tori
subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, deep brown, pruinose. Clyp-
eus prominent, subtriangular, blackish, nude. Eyes black. Occiput densely
clothed with erect spatulate black scales and a few scattered white ones, densest
in front on the median line, a tuft of long white hairs projecting forward be-
tween eyes, a row of long black hairs along margins of eyes.

Prothoracic lobes small, lateral. Mesonotum narrow, elongate, gray pruinose,
with four longitudinal brownish-black stripes, two of them narrower and rather
closely approximated mesially terminate at antescutellar space, the others

ANOPHELES NEIVAI

987

submarginal, broader and irregularly dilated on anterior half, and extending
the entire length ; vestiture of rows of pale yellowish hairs, some pale scales at
anterior and lateral margins. Scutellum collar-like, gray pruinose, with deep
brown marginal bristles and short brownish hairs. Postnotum elliptical,
prominent, blackish, nude. Pleurae blackish-brown with two transverse whitish
stripes, coxge pale; vestiture of scattered pale hairs.

Abdomen subcylindrical, depressed, tip subtruncate ; blackish, with traces
of a brown median line, clothed with numerous fine brown hairs and with longer
blackish ones, particularly at sides and beneath; under surface paler, particu-
larly the bases of segments.

Wings (plate 41, fig. 8) moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell
shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell longer than its cell ; basal cross-
vein distant less than its own length from anterior cross-vein ; outstanding scales
of wing-veins narrowly lanceolate, black, with white scales in spots as follows:
three spots on the costa, one minute one near basal third, two rather small spots
on the apical third, five spots on first vein, the first near the base long, the
second, fourth, and fifth opposite the costal spots ; third vein with a small white
spot at base ; fifth vein with an elongate spot towards base and another at base of
fork ; fringe dusky, with whitish spots at the ends of most of the veins.

Legs long and slender; vestiture black and white; femora blackish, white
lined beneath, with a narrow black ring near base, hind pair with a white streak
on outer side on basal two-thirds and an oblique white mark at apical third;
fore tibia? predominatingly yellowish-white, a narrow black line on inner side,
with a pre-apical black patch and white apex; mid and hind tibiae similarly
marked to the fore ones, a black ring near base and another subapieally ; tarsi
black and white; fore tarsi black beneath, dorsally white, the first joint with a
black ring towards base and another near middle, second, third and fourth joints
black at base, fifth nearly all black ; mid tarsi black beneath, first joint with a
long white mark on outer side and a large dorsal white patch at apex, second joint
with the apical two-thirds dorsally white, third joint with an apical white patch
dorsally, fourth and fifth joints all black ; hind tarsi with broad white rings
occupying more than apical half on second, third and fourth joints, the last
joint nearly all white, first joint with a narrow white ring at base, a broader
one at apex and one before middle prolonged dorsally into a streak to near
apical ring. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 3 mm. ; wing 2.8 mm.

Type: Cat. No. 20440, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Larva, Stage IV. — Head rounded, longer than wide, conically produced be-
tween the antennas; antennas moderate, finely spinulate within, a short simple
hair near base ; dorsal head-hairs simple, ante-antennal hairs long, tufted out-
wardly; median pair of anteclypeal hairs long and simple, outer pair shorter,
stout and spinulose at tip ; hairs below anterior angles rather long, branched
towards apex. Thorax with lateral hairs well developed, some longer ones at
anterior and lateral angles very sparsely feathered, the others amply feathered.
Abdomen with six pairs of small dorsal fan-shaped tufts (plate 130, fig. 461),
the single elements of which are ligulate with straight truncate tips ; lateral
hairs in twos and amply feathered on first two segments, single, very long and
sparsely feathered on third to sixth segments; secondary hairs simple. Tri-
lateral plates of eighth segment with all the teeth long, uniform, rather dense.
Anal segment with rather large dorsal plate; lateral hairs single, unfeathered,
rather long; ventral brush of rather sparse but long, branched and amply
feathered hairs.

The larvae live in the water held by the leaf-bases of epiphytic bromeliads.
There are no algae in the bromeliads, but there are no observations to show that
the larvae are predaceous. The species has been bred from larva? by Mr. Jen-
nings in Panama and by Mr. Picado in Costa Pica. Knab found a larva, ap-
parently of this species, at Cordoba, Mexico, but did not succeed in rearing it.

988

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

This larva was bright green, although there were no algae visible in the water
from the bromeliad which it inhabited.

Dr. Lutz discovered a species very similar to this (Anopheles boliviensis Theo-
bald) on the slopes of the coast range at Sao Paulo, Brazil, while investigating
an epidemic of malaria which had broken out among the thousands of laborers
employed in the construction of a railroad line between Sao Paulo and Santos.
Dr. Lutz took up his quarters in a house upon the mountain slopes in question
and found that many species of biting insects entered in the evening when the
inhabitants were seated around the lamp. Among these was a mosquito dis-
tinguishable by its spotted wings and the perpendicular position it assumed in
biting. In spite of its small size it proved to be an exceedingly greedy blood-
sucker and, without preliminary humming, pounced upon the persons present
and a small dog. The bite of this species causes hardly any pain and sometimes
does not even attract notice. In shady places in the forest and in cloudy weather
this mosquito also bites in the daytime and in places may be troublesome in the
hot hours of the day.

The larvse were located in the water between the leaves of bromeliaceous
plants, their body-color is red which appears in the form of small spots and
becomes a livelier crimson as the larva grows older. Its form, as compared with
the larvse of other Anopheles, is broader and shorter and its breathing- tube is
broader. It attains the usual length of 12 to 15 mm. The pupa is more
diffusely yellowish-red with dark coloration upon the caudal paddles. The
number of larva? found in a plant varies but is never so large that it could be
supposed that the female had deposited all her eggs there.

Lutz states that numerically Anopheles boliviensis furnished about one-fifth of
the larvse of all the bromelia-inhabiting species, about 40 in number. According
to Peryassu the larva is predaceous.

Panama and northward to southern Mexico.

Caldera Island, Porto Bello Bay, Panama, January 20, 1908 (A. H. Jen-
nings) ; Fort San Felipe, Porto Bello Bay, Panama, June 2, 1908 (A. H.
Jennings) ; Estrella, Costa Rica, 2000 meters, September (C. Picado) ; Orosi,
Costa Rica, 1100 meters, November to January (C. Picado) ; C6rdoba, Mexico,
December 23, 1907 (F. Knab).

Anopheles neivai is closely related to two other species, A. boliviensis and
A. bellator, whose larvae also inhabit the water held by Bromeliacese. It closely
resembles these and differs most strikingly in having but two white spots on the
costa while they have four. Our description is based upon two females from
Panama.

A specimen of A. boliviensis, from Sao Paulo, Brazil, received through the
kindness of Dr. Lutz, has the third vein white-scaled, only black near the base
and tip. Theobald's description is silent upon this point, but Giles's description
and figure show the middle third of this vein white-scaled. Specimens collected
by Prof. C. H. T. Townsend on the eastern slopes of the Peruvian Andes agree
in every respect with the Brazilian specimen. In our specimens of A. neivai
the vein is entirely black-scaled, except immediately at its origin. Owing to
the paucity of material before us, we were unable to judge of the range of varia-
tion in these species and so at first retained our specimens under the name
Anopheles cruzii (=A. boliviensis Theobald). Dr. Arthur Neiva of Rio de
Janeiro later made us a visit and after examining the specimens expressed
the opinion that they are not the same as the Brazilian species with which he is
familiar. He pointed out that it differs in larval as well as in imaginal char-
acters. The larva of Anopheles boliviensis, according to the description and
figures of Peryassu (Os Culicideos do Brazil, 1908, p. 328, pis. 1, 2), has seven
pairs of stellate tufts on the abdomen and their single elements are lanceolate,
sharply pointed; A. neivai has but six pairs of tufts and their elements are
truncate ; other minor differences exist. It gives us much pleasure to dedicate
the species to Dr. Neiva, to whom we are much indebted for help and sug-
gestions in the preparation of the general part of this work.

ANOPHELES VESTITIPENNIS

989

ANOPHELES VESTITIPENNIS Dyar & Knab.

Anopheles vestitipennis Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 136, 1906.
Arribalzagia maculipes Pazos (not Theobald), San. y Ben., ii, 45, 180, 1909.
Anopheles vestitipennis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 601, 1910.

Original, Description of Anopheles vestitipennis:

Tarsi banded with white, the hind tarsi black and white, both tarsi and femora
speckled; wing veins black scaled with many little yellow patches.

23 specimens, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala, April 7 to 14, 1906
(Schwarz and Barber) ; Polochic River, Guat, May 1, 1906 (Schwarz and Barber) ;
Panzos, Guat., June, 1904 (O. F. Cook), March 23, 1906 (Schwarz and Barber);
Nautla, Mexico (A. Duges); Palizada, Mex. (A. Duges); Cayamas, Cuba, May 22,
"in the house" (E. A. Schwarz).

Type— Cat. No. 9976, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Description of Female of Anopheles vestitipennis (Male and Larva Unknown):

Female. — Proboscis moderate, straight, uniform ; labellaa long, lanceolate,
with fine outstanding seta" ; vestiture rough, black. Palpi nearly as long as the
proboscis, uniform, roughened by long raised spatulate scales, black, a few
whitish scales at bases of last two joints and at middle of long joint, some long
setae at tip. Antenna? filiform, the joints rather short, subequal, blackish,
densely pilose; some white scales on the second joint; hairs of whorls sparse,
black, short ; tori subspherical, with an apical cup-shaped excavation, black-
ish-brown with a luteous rim, pruinose. Clypeus prominent, subtriangular.
dark brown, nude. Eyes well separated on the vertex, black. Occiput with a
median groove, brown, broadly and densely clothed with small, erect, forked
black scales, a few white ones in the center of the vertex, some recumbent white
scales along eye margins, extending forward medianly to anterior angles of eyes ;
a tuft of long white hairs inserted well forward between eyes ; a row of black setas
along margins of eyes.

Prothoracic lobes rather large, lateral, densely clothed with erect truncate
blackish scales. Mesonotum narrow, elongate, dark brown, slightly grayish
pruinose, mottled with dark spots, two dorsal, narrow, bare, dark longitudinal
stripes on anterior half, a broader bare dark stripe on each side of ante-
scutellar space, extending over posterior two-thirds, with an indistinct black
spot at its anterior end, an indistinct black spot beyond antescutellar space ; vesti-
ture of fine, moderately abundant, pale yellow hair-like scales arising from small
black tubercles and series of short black hairs. Scutellum collar-like, dark brown,
grayish pruinose, with a median black spot, clothed sparsely with yellow hair-
like scales and coarse, long, dark brown marginal hairs. Postnotum elliptical,
prominent, blackish-brown, nude. Pleuras and coxa? blackish-brown with paler
pruinose markings and a few small patches of ovate yellowish scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, depressed, truncate at tip, brownish-black, clothed
evenly with numerous fine brown hairs and longer black ones, particularly at
the sides; tip densely hairy; cerci with small erect blackish-brown scales.

Wings (plate 41, fig. 3) moderate, hyaline ; petiole of second marginal cell
over half as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell longer than its cell ; basal
cross-vein distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein ; outstanding
scales of veins dense, narrowly ovate or sublanceolate, brownish-black, with ocher
yellow scales in small spots as follows : a few minute ones on the costa, and two
more conspicuous ones near its apex; six on first vein, the outer two opposite
those on the costa ; a small spot at furcation of second vein, none on its upper
branch, two on lower branch ; third vein with a small spot near base and slightly
longer apical and subapical ones ; fourth vein with two spots on the stem and two
on each fork ; fifth vein with two spots on the stem, three on upper fork and one
long one on lower; sixth vein with five yellow spots. Halteres pale, with dark
knobs.

Legs long and slender; vestiture black; femora and tibia1 with irregularly
scattered little yellowish-white spots on the sides, more numerous on the fore
legs; hind legs with about eight spots on femur and four on tibia towards base;

990

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

front tarsi with the first joint with three little spots and base and tip yellowish,
second and third joints yellowish at base and apex, fourth at base only; mid
tarsi without rings, some minute white specks on the first joint; hind tarsi with
the first, second, third, and fourth joints white-ringed at tips, first joint with
four or five yellowish spots on basal third, one or two white rings beyond,
second joint with a white ring above middle. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.
Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

Mr. McLachlan remarks: "These mosquitoes alight and rest on a surface
with head down and body almost or quite at right angles with that surface.
Legs bunched and extending straight up on line with the body." The larval
habits and habitat are unknown.

Mexico and Central America ; Greater Antilles.

Nautla, Mexico (A. Duges) ; Palizada, Mexico (A. Duges) ; Polochic River,
Guatemala, June 2, 1907 (A. McLachlan) ; Panzos, Guatemala, June, 1904
(O. F. Cook) ; Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala, April, 1906
(Schwarz & Barber) ; Cayamas, Cuba, May 22 (E. A. Schwarz) ; Spanish
Town, Jamaica, January, 1910 (Dr. Neish, through M. Grabham).

Anopheles vestitipennis is very characteristic on account of its general dark
appearance, enhanced by the heavy scaling of its wings, and the small size of
the yellow spots on both wings and legs. It appears to be the commonest
Anopheles in the forests of eastern Guatemala, but rare elsewhere.

ANOPHELES MACULIPES (Theobald) Knab.

Arribalzagia maculipes Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 81, 1903.
Arribalzagia maculipes Giles, Rev. Anophelinse, 40, 1904.
Arribalzagia maculipes Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 36, 1904.
Arribalzagaia maculipes Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 624, 1905.
Arribalzagia maculipes Theobald, Mosq. or Culic. Jamaica, 13, 1905.
Arribalzagaia maculipes Peryassu, Os Culicid. do Brazil, 40, 106, 1908.
Arrizalzagia maculipes Prout, Ann. Trop. Med. & Paras., iii, 487, 1909.
Arribalzagia maculipes Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 49, 1910.
Anopheles maculipes Knab, Amer. Journ. Trop. Dis. & Prev. Med., i, 36, 1913.

Original Description of Arribalzagia maculipes:

Thorax brown, with pale scales; palpi densely black scaled, with three narrow
white bands and a minute white apex. Abdomen dark brown, the segments with
lateral tufts of black scales. Legs dark brown, spotted with white, the hind tarsi
with apical and basal white banding as well. Wings mostly dark scaled, with a few
small yellow patches, costal border dark, with several small pale spots; three more
or less pronounced dark patches on the costal border.

J. Head dark brown, with deep brown and grey upright forked scales, the dark
ones grey at the tips, a faint pale border round the eyes and a tuft of hair-like pale
scales in front; antennae deep brown, basal joint black, with narrow curved white
scales; clypeus brown, of peculiar form; palpi densely scaled with black scales,
with three narrow white scaled bands, a white apex and a few scattered white
scales; proboscis deep brown.

Thorax brown, with a slaty-grey sheen showing brown longitudinal lines and
with small brown specks and narrow hair-like golden curved scales; there is a dark
patch joining the scutellum which is carried on to its mid lobe, the rest of the
scutellum being slaty-grey, with a few narrow hair-like golden scales; metanotum
deep brown, with a median dark line; pleurae brown, with a grey sheen in places.

Abdomen black, with deep brown and golden-brown hairs, the dorsum nude, but
each segment with an apical lateral tuft of black scales and a few white ones on the
last few tufts; venter with many white and black flat scales, and also to some extent
the apical segment. Legs deep brown, banded and spotted with white; fore legs
missing; mid legs with the femora, tibiae, metatarsi and first tarsal with white
spots, the second tarsal with a small median white spot, the apical tarsal faintly
pale; hind legs with the femora, tibiae, and metatarsi banded and speckled with
white and the tarsi with prominent white apical and basal bands.

Wings with thick lanceolate and clavate scales, mostly black, yellow patches
as follows: ten small ones on the costa, the two apical ones only spreading
as two small spots on to the first long vein; traces of one on the upper and two on
the lower branches of the first fork-cell, one at the apex of the third and two on each
branch of the second fork-cell; fringe brown, a pale spot where the lower branch
of the fifth vein joins the border of the wing, another between the upper branch of

ANOPHELES MACULIPES

991

the fifth and the lower branch of the fourth and between its upper branch and the
third (remainder damaged); first sub-marginal cell longer and narrower than the
second posterior cell, its base considerably nearer the base of the wing than that of
the latter; mid-cross vein about its own length nearer the base of the wing than the
supernumerary, the posterior not quite half its length distant from the mid; the
supernumerary is just beneath the junction of the sub-costal and costal; the black
wing scales from two pronounced black patches on the costa, and a third less promi-
nent one may be noticed; haltered with bright brown stems and jet black knobs
with some grey scales.
Length. — 6.5 mm.

Habitat. — Sao Paulo, Brazil (Lutz) ; Trinidad (Urich).

Observations.— Described from a single 5 sent me by Dr. Lutz as a new Cyclo-
leppteron by mistake. It is a very marked and beautiful species, with much banded
and speckled mid and hind legs. The wings are very dark, and the large number of
minute yellow costal spots is very characteristic.

I cannot make out the structure of the clypeus with any degree of certainty,
but from what I can see in this single specimen it is of very peculiar form.

It bears a general resemblance to Cycloleppteron mediopunctatus, but can be
told by the absence of inflated wing scales and the different positions of the cross-
veins and fork-cells. It stings after sunset, and is most common in the littoral.
It is almost certainly a malaria bearer, writes Dr. Lutz. A specimen was sent also
whilst this volume was in the press from Trinidad, and others from Brazil.

Description of Female of Anopheles maculipes (Male Unknown):

Female. — Proboscis moderate, straight, uniform ; labell* long, lanceolate,
with fine outstanding setae ; vestiture black, roughened toward base. Palpi as
long as the proboscis, uniform, clothed with roughened, erect, long spatulate
scales, black, white ones irregularly intermixed, rings of white scales at bases of
last two joints and at middle of long joint. Antenna? filiform, the joints sub-
equal, pale, black and slightly thickened at base, densely pilose ; hairs of whorls
sparse, short, black ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation,
blackish brown, pruinose, with ovate white scales on outer side. Clypeus broad,
rounded triangular, blackish, pruinose, nude. Eyes narrowly separated on the
vertex, black. Occiput blackish, densely clothed with erect, rather broad, trun-
cate black scales, some pale ones anteriorly toward the center, a row of recumbent,
lanceolate white scales along eye-margins, a group of long yellowish white hairs
projecting forward between the eyes ; hairs along eye-margins coarse, black.

Prothoracic lobes small, clothed with erect, spatulate black scales above,
smaller white scales below, and with a few coarse black bristles. Mesonotum
narrow, elongate, brownish gray pruinose, irregularly mottled with deep brown
dots, a pair of indistinct, narrow longitudinal bare stripes on anterior half of
disk, a pair of broader bare stripes well outward on posterior half, a black spot
at their anterior ends near lateral angles, a large black spot basally on ante-
scutellar area ; vestiture of fine pale yellow hairs arising from small black
punctures, some long narrow white scales intergrading with the hairs along the
margin anteriorly. Seutellum collar-like, gray pruinose, with a large black
spot in the middle continuous with that on mesonotum, clothed with pale hairs
and brown marginal bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, reddish brown,
nude. Pleura? and coxae pale grayish pruinose, with large blackish spots, fine
hairs and small patches of white scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, depressed, truncate at tip, brownish black, dorsally
clothed rather evenly with scattered fine pale yellow hairs, a series of tufts of
outstanding black spatulate scales at apical angles of segments; a few scattered
pale scales on disk of seventh and eighth segments, the latter with a median
apical tuft of broad yellowish white scales ; venter with large broad white scales,
particularly along lateral margins.

Wings moderate, hyaline ; second marginal cell much longer than its petiole,
second posterior cell hardly longer than its petiole ; basal cross-vein about its
own length from anterior cross-vein ; outstanding scales of veins narrowly ovate
to lanceolate, predominatingly black and with small patches of white ones;
several large black spots along the costa, formed by the massing of black scales,
one at basal third involving subcostal and first veins, a larger semicircular one

992

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

just before middle involving base of second vein, toward apex a still larger spot
involving first vein and both branches of second, separated from a small sub-
apical and larger apical spot by streaks of white scales ; outside of these spots
the veins are irregularly mottled with white, the white in small spots distributed
as follows : three on stem of second vein, the third one at base of fork, each branch
with a spot toward apex ; third vein with a spot near base and another toward
apex : fourth vein with several spots on the stem and two on each fork ; upper fork
of fifth vein with three spots ; sixth vein with five spots ; the outermost spots on
veins 2, 3 and 4 form the outer limit of the largest black scale-patch. Halteres
pale, covered with small white scales, the disk of knob black and bare.

Legs long and slender, black, marked with yellowish white; femora, tibia?
and first joint of tarsi with a series of small yellowish white rings and spots, the
femora pale beneath to near apices ; knees and tips of tibia? yellowish white ;
front tarsi with basal and apical rings on the four proximal joints, the fifth
wholly black-scaled ; mid tarsi similarly ornamented, the rings much narrower ;
hind tarsi with narrow apical rings on the four proximal joints, the last joint
wholly black. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

The larva is unknown to us. We quote the following description from Doctor
Peryassu's work (Os Culic. do Brazil, 332, 1908) :

" The larva is dark-colored with the third and eighth abdominal segments
yellowish white.

" Head rounded. Antennae long, conical, with two very long terminal spines,
with slender point; on the internal part are two spines and a tuft formed of
hairs and at the extremity a long hair. Labial plate triangular. Mouth brushes
dense and formed of hairs of ordinary length. Neck with a black rim at the
posterior opening. Thorax yellowish white in front, with long branched seta?.

" Abdomen with the segments large and detached, dark brownish in color ;
except the third and eighth which are yellowish white. The seta? of the three
first segments are long and branched (like a palm-leaf), those of the other
segments are short but also branched. Anal siphon with a large tuft composed
of long hairs, similar to what is observed in Chagasia fajardoi. Anal leaflets
short and with the apices rounded."

The hair-tuft in C. fijardoi arises from the median anterior margin of the
air-tube, almost between the pair of spiracleo.

Peryassu dissected 153 mature eggs from a female; he gives the following
descriptive notes on the eggs (I. c. 331-332) :

" The eggs are deposited singly in small numbers and do not form characteris-
tic groups. Eggs were mailed from Xerem to Manguinhos, May 20 '07, placed
in water May 22 '07 and hatched three days later. The eggs are very resistant
to desiccation.

" The eggs are of elongate ellipsoidal form with the two poles greatly rounded.
" Length .48 mm.; diameter .17 mm.

" When laid they are pearl-white, later grey and dark grey. They are com-
pletely covered with white air-tubes arranged perpendicularly to the body of
the egg, forming salient margins broader in the median part. At each of the
poles there is a small crown composed of tubes like the others but smaller.

" When hatching they split open longitudinally."

Forested regions of South America and island of Trinidad.

Chaquanas, Trinidad, March, 1914 (I. F. Lasalle) ; Itaguahy, State of Bio
de Janeiro, Brazil (Inst. Oswaldo Cruz). Reported also from Sao Paulo, Brazil
(Theobald), States of Minas Geraes and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Peryassri) ;
Jamaica (Theobald).

We have a single specimen of Anopheles maculipes from Trinidad, where it is
evidently rare, and another from Brazil, this latter through the kindness of the
Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. From these specimens it appears that the species is
easily distinguishable from the similarly ornamented species occurring within

ANOPHELES MEDIOPUNCTATUS

993

our region by the fact that the terminal rings of the hind tarsal joints are apical
only and the last joint wholly black. The wing ornamentation is also character-
istic, the third vein being almost wholly black-scaled and the black scales more
extensive throughout. There appear to be no pigment spots underneath the
three large costal patches of black scales and the light colored scales are white
throughout, while in some of the related species they are predominatingly
yellow except in the costal region. It should be kept in mind, however, that the
extent of the black in the wing-pattern is subject to considerable variation in all
the species of this group.

We are particularly sceptical of the record by Theobald (and quoted by
Prout) for Jamaica and convinced that some error has been made. We are not
sure that the description and figure of the wing given in that connection (Mosq.
or Culic. of Jamaica, p. 13, pi. 1, fig. 1, 1905) were made from a Jamaican
specimen. The distribution of the black scales as shown in that figure does not
agree with the figure previously published by Theobald (Mon. Culic, iii, p. 83,
fig. 51a) nor with the specimens before us.

ANOPHELES MEDIOPUNCTATUS (Theobald) Dyar & Knab.

Cycloleppteron mediopunctatus Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., v, 182, 1902 (nomen
nudum).

Cycloleppteron mediopunctatus Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 60, 83, 1903.
Cycloleppteron mediopunctatum, Giles, Revis. Anophelina?, 14, 26, 1904.
Cyclolepidonteron mediopimctatum Lutz in Bourroul, Mosq. do Brasil, 36, 75, 78,
1904.

Cyclolepidopteron mediopunctatum, Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 623, 1905.

Cycloleppteron mediopunctatus Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt, 26 fasc, 8, 1905.

Cycloleppteron mediopunctata Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 54, 1907.

Cycloleppteron medio-puntatum Peryassu, Os Culicid. do Brazil, 39, 80, 1908.

Cycloleppteron mediopunctatum Neiva, Mem. Inst. O. Cruz, i, 69, 1909.

Cycloleppteron mediopunctatus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 34, 1910.

Anopheles mediopunctata Howard, Dyar & Knab, Mosq. No. & Centr. Amer. & W.

Ind., ii, pi. 41, fig. 17, 1913.
Anopheles mediopunctatum Knab, Amer. Journ. Trop. Dis. & Prev. Med., i, 35, 1913.

Original Description of Cycloleppteron mediopunctatus:

Thorax reddish-brown, with a grey sheen, with two black eye-like spots and a
large dark spot in front of and extending on to the scutellum, the mesothorax
spotted with deep reddish-brown and with pale scales. Abdomen deep brown, with
golden hairs and lateral scale tufts. Palpi banded with black and gold. Legs deep
brown, spotted and banded with golden yellow, the last tarsal segment of all the
legs yellow. Wings with black and white scales, the black forming three prominent
costal spots on tinged ground, several small white costal spots.

Head deep brown, with very short creamy upright forked scales in the middle,
the edge of the eyes grey towards the middle of the head, brown laterally, two large
tufts of long golden hairs projecting forwards. Antennae banded with pale brown
and grey, with flaxen brown plumes; palpi with the two apical joints swollen, golden
yellow with narrow basal black bands, the rest of the palpi black, with patches of
golden scales, especially towards the base, where the scales become dense, hair tufts
golden and flaxen, with shades of brown; proboscis brown, thin curved downwards.

Thorax pale reddish-brown, with a greyish sheen, rather large deep reddish-brown
spots in the middle and broad line of smaller ones on each side, about the middle of
the mesonotum on each side a prominent black eye-like spot and another larger
one at the back of the mesonotum extending over the middle of the scutellum,
thorax clothed with scattered golden hair-like curved scales and a few rather flat
white ones over the roots of the wings ; metanotum pale brown ; pleurae brown, with
two grey curious twisted marks.

Abdomen deep blackish-brown, with golden hairs, each segment with apical
lateral tufts of black and golden scales and ventral scales, especially on the apical
segments.

Legs deep brown, spotted and banded with rich golden yellow, the spotting most
pronounced on the femora and tibiae, the banding on the metatarsi and tarsi, on the
former irregular, on the latter broad and more pronounced, but also showing
spotting on the dark areas; last segment of all the legs yellow.

Wings with black and white scales and with the membrane with three brown
patches on the costal border. The black scales form three prominent large costal
spots over the tinged areas; the remaining dark costal border is broken by about ten
small white spots, of which there are several also on the first long vein. The first

994

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

fork-cell has its branches thickly clothed with pale small brown and grey scales in
patches and with a few black Cycloleppteron scales at its base, so also has the
greater part of the third vein and the branches of the second fork-cell, the stems of
the fork-cells and basal portions of the other veins with scattered black inflated
scales; the sixth has grey scales, especially along its basal half, and three small spots
of inflated black ones; fringe pale, apparently unspotted; halteres large, fuscous.

Length. — 5 mm.

Habitat. — Brazil (Dr. Lutz).

Observations. — Described from a perfect It is the most beautiful Anopheles
I have seen. Together with this Dr. Lutz sent me a preparation of the 2 wing.
This shows typical Cycloleppteron scales. Later he sent me several 2's, which he
came to the conclusion were the 5's of the male here described, and mentions that
the 2 wing sent was that of a male C. mediopunctatus. These $'s presented no
Cycloleppteron characters, and moreover are black and silvery grey, not the brilliant
golden hue seen in the male Cycloleppteron. The 2 of C. Grabhamii has true Cyclo-
leppteron scales, but the ?'s sent by Lutz have none whatever; in fact, I feel certain
that they are not the ?'s of this species, but quite distinct, although they have
assumed the general appearance of the Cycloleppteron. Moreover, the wing sent me
as that of a 2 certainly differs from the J"s I have examined, and I venture to think
Dr. Lutz was correct in his first surmise, the difference being noticeable in the
relative positions of the fork-cells, and, to some extent, the cross-veins, which,
however, may be variable.

Desckiption of Female of Anopheles mediopunctatus (Laeva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis moderate, straight, enlarged toward base; labella? long,
lanceolate, with fine outstanding setae; vestiture black, roughened basally.
Palpi as long as the proboscis, uniform, roughened by long erect spatulate scales,
black intermixed with a few white ones. Antennas filiform, the joints subequal,
rather short, pale, blackish at bases, densely pilose; hairs of whorls sparse,
black, rather short ; tori small, subspherical, with an apical cup-shaped exca-
vation, brown, with a luteous spot and a patch of yellowish scales. Clypeus
large and broad, rounded triangular, brown, nude. Eyes narrowly separated on
the vertex, black. Occiput with a median groove, brown, densely clothed with
erect truncate black scales, a few white ones in the center of the vertex, a tuft
of long white hairs projecting forward between eyes ; a row of long black setae
along margins of eyes.

Prothoracic lobes small, lateral. Mesonotum narrow, elongate, light pinkish-
gray, pruinose, irregularly mottled with deep brown dots, heaviest along median
line, two narrow impressed concolorous longitudinal stripes on anterior half of
disk, a round black spot medianly on each side well towards lateral margins, a
large black spot on antescutellar space ; vestiture of scattered pale yellow hair-
like scales and fine pale hairs, some semi-erect whitish ovate scales on anterior
margin and along sides of disk. Scutellum collar-like, grayish, with a large
black spot in the middle, contiguous with that on antescutelllar space, clothed
with pale fine hairs and coarse brown marginal bristles. Postnotum elliptical,
prominent, pale brown, pruinose, nude. Pleurae and coxae pale grayish-prui-
nose, with large dark brown spots; hairs pale; coxas with patches of erect ovate
white scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, depressed, truncate at tip, black, dorsally gray-
pruinose, evenly clothed with numerous fine pale hairs, intermixed with a few
broadly triangular white scales posteriorly; venter with many similar white
scales and the apices of the segments with bands of broad, erect black scales
forming outstanding tufts on the posterior angles of the segments. Cerci
clothed with similar scales.

Wings (plate 41, fig. 17) moderate, hyaline, pigmented with brown on three
costal spots and a small one at cross-veins ; petiole of second marginal cell nearly
as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell about as long as its cell ; basal
cross-vein distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein; outstanding
scales of veins broadly elliptical, partly almost circular, black and white inter-
mixed, with black ones in spots as follows ; three large spots on the costa involv-
ing subcostal, first and second veins, a small apical one at end of second marginal
cell, small spots at base of third vein, base of fork of fourth and at basal cross-

ANOPHELES APICIMACULA

995

vein, on fifth vein near base and on its upper fork at basal cross-vein, on sixth
vein beyond middle and at tip. Halteres pale, with large white and black scaled
knobs.

Legs long and slender, scaled with brownish-black and pale yellow, the colors
nearly evenly intermixed on the femora and tibiae, the yellow predominating
on the tarsi, which appear yellow with numerous small brown specks; hind
tarsi with about eight brown rings or spots on the first joint, four on the second,
three on the third, two on the fourth, none on the fifth. Claw formula, 0.0-
0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

There are no specimens of the male in the U. S. National Museum.
Life history and habits unknown.
Tropical South America.

Trinidad, West Indies (P. W. Urich) ; Rio Xerem, State of Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil, June 27, 1907 (Institute Oswaldo Cruz). Reported also from States of
Amazonas, Bahia and Sao Paulo, Brazil (Lutz) ; Tartaria, State of Minas
Geraes, Cities of Sao Paulo, Santos and Taubate, State of Sao Paulo, and many
localities in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Peryassu).

We possess but a single specimen of this species from the region under con-
sideration. It belongs to the South American fauna, but, as it occurs in Trini-
dad, we are enabled to include it. Coquillett proposed the genus Nototriclia,
with this species as the type. The specimens before him, however, were wrongly
identified, and are in reality Anopheles strigimacula. In determining a
generic type, we consider that the question of identification should not be
raised. We therefore cite mediopunctatus as the type of Nototriclia, as that
species is specified as the type, but quote the reference of Nototriclia medio-
punctatus Coquillett (not Theobald) in the synonymy of Anopheles strigi-
macula, from which species the characters of the genus were in fact taken. The
larva referred to as Anopheles mediopunctatus by Dyar & Knab is really that
of Anopheles strigimacula, under which name the reference will be found. Our
specimen from Trinidad agrees in every respect with one from Brazil.

ANOPHELES APICIMACULA Dyar & Knab.

Anopheles maculipes Dyar & Knab (not Theobald), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 176,
1906.

Cellia maculipes Coquillett (not Theobald), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser.
11, 13, 1906.

Anopheles apicimacula Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 136, 1906.
Anopheles punctimacula Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 136, 1906.
Anopheles apicimacula and punctimacula Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., lii,
59, 1908.

Anopheles apicimacula Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 601, 1910.
Anopheles punctimacula Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 602, 1912.

Anopheles apicimacula and punctimacula Darling, Stud. Rel. Malaria, Isthm. Canal
Comm., 10, 1910.

Anopheles apicimacula and punctimacula Jennings, Journ. Econ. Ent, v, 134, 1912.
Anopheles apicimacula and punctimacula Knab, Amer. Journ. Trop. Dis. & Prev.
Med., i, 35, 36, 1913.

Anopheles apicimacula and punctimacula Howard, Dyar & Knab, Mosq. No. & Centr.
Amer. & W. Ind., ii, pi. 41, figs. 4, 5, 1913.

Original Description of Anopheles apicimacula:

As in A. strigimacula D. & K., but with a distinct black costo-apical spot on wing.

26 specimens, Livingston, Guatemala, May 11, 1906 (H. S. Barber); Cordoba,
Mexico (F. Knab); Colon Panama (A. I. Kendall); Trinidad, B. W. I. (F. W.
Urich).

Type— Cat No. 9978, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Original Description of Anopheles punctimacula:

As in A. strigimacula D. & K., but the last vein with a row of black dots.
One specimen, Colon, Panama, February 2, 1904 (W. M. Black).

Type— Cat. No. 9979, U. S. Nat. Mus.

996

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Anopheles apicimacula:

Female. — -Proboscis moderate, straight, uniform; labella? long, lanceolate,
with fine outstanding seta? ; vestiture black, somewhat roughened at base. Palpi
as long as the proboscis, uniform, roughened by long erect spatulate scales,
black, narrow white rings at bases of last two joints and middle of long joint,
a group of light hairs at tip. Antenna? filiform, the joints subequal, rather
short, blackish, densely pilose ; hairs of whorls sparse, black, short ; tori rather
small, subspherical, with an apical cup-shaped excavation, piceous, with a
luteous rim and a patch of ovate yellowish-white scales. Clypeus broad,
rounded triangular, dull brown, pruinose, nude. Eyes narrowly separated on
the vertex, black. Occiput with a median groove, piceous, broadly and densely
clothed with erect truncate black scales, a few white ones in the center of the
vertex; a group of long pale hairs projecting forward on the vertex and be-
tween the eyes ; hairs along eye-margins long and black.

Prothoracic lobes small, lateral. Mesonotum narrow, elongate, grayish prui-
nose, irregularly mottled with deep brown specks, two indistinct, narrow, im-
pressed, concolorous longitudinal stripes on anterior two-thirds of disk, a pair
of broader bare stripes well towards the sides on posterior third, a large sub-
quadrate black spot on each side near lateral angle and one basally on ante-
scutellar space ; dorsal vestiture of fine pale golden hairs in longitudinal series
and arising from black punctures, a few narrow erect white scales at anterior
margin. Scutellum collar-like, brownish, gray pruinose, with a large black spot
in middle continuous with that on antescutellar space, with pale hairs and
coarser brown marginal bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown,
nude. Pleura? and coxa? grey pruinose, with dark brown bare spots, fine yellow-
ish hairs, and some small patches of ovate whitish scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, depressed, truncate at tip, luteous-brown, the seg-
ments darker on the disk, clothed dorsally rather evenly with numerous fine
pale yellow hairs, a conspicuous tuft of erect spatulate black scales on posterior
angles of each segment; venter with a few triangular white scales and erect
black scales at apices of segments forming broad apical bands.

Wings (plate 41, figs. 4, 5) moderate, hyaline, three brown spots on the costa
and smaller ones about the cross-veins ; petiole of second marginal cell over half
as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell longer than its cell ; basal cross-
vein distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein ; outstanding scales of
veins ovate, black and yellowish-white, with black scales in spots as follows : three
very large ones on the costa involving subcostal, first and second veins, the
membrane strongly infuscated beneath the black scales, a fourth large spot
apical, involving apices of first and second veins; on the costa preceding and
between the large spots are small spots ; several little spots on first vein between
the large spots ; four small spots on third vein, the largest one basal, two beyond
middle and a minute apical one ; fourth vein black with several white spots on
the stem, two white ones on upper fork and one long one on lower; fifth vein
black scaled, upper fork with three little white spots, lower with one spot near
tip; sixth vein black scaled, with five white spots; fringe dusky, with a large
yellow spot at tip of wing and small ones at apices of some of the veins. Halteres
pale at base, white scaled, disk of knob black.

Legs long and slender, black-scaled with numerous yellowish white spots and
rings, about eight on the femora, about ten on the tibia? ; hind tarsi with seven
or more small yellowish white spots on the first joint, base, apex, and a middle
spot white on second and third joints, fourth and fifth joints narrowly white at
base and apex; fore tarsi with three white spots on first joint, second, third, and
fourth joints white at base, the second also with a white ring at middle, fifth joint
pale at tip ; mid tarsi without marks. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

ANOPHELES APICIMACULA

997

Male. — Proboscis rather slender, uniform, straight, black-scaled. Palpi
about as long as the proboscis, the last two joints swollen, forming a distinct
club and with long, dense, black hairs ; vestiture black, last joint white at tip,
last two white-ringed at base and with some scattered white scales, a narrow
white ring at middle of long joint. Antennae plumose ; last two joints long and
slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others short, about three times as long as wide,
pale, with black rings at insertions of hair-whorls ; hairs of whorls long, dense,
black. Coloration as in the female. Abdomen elongate, depressed, parallel-
sided ; lateral ciliation of long, coarse, irregular brownish hairs. Wings nar-
rower than in the female, the stems of the fork-cells longer, the vestiture more
sparse. Claw formula, 2-0.0.-0.0-0.0.

Length: About 3.5 mm.; wing 3 mm.

Genitalia (plate 3D, fig. 261) : Side-pieces about twice as long as wide, tips
conically rounded ; two stout setas close to the base, another at middle of inner
margin ; clasp-filament long and slender, medianly slightly attenuated, with a
small articulated terminal claw. Basal appendages large, leaf-like. Unci
columnar, bearing several spatulate appendages at tip.

Larva, Stage IV. — Head rounded, longer than wide, bulging at the sides,
front conically produced; dorsal head-hairs single, but numerously branched,
in a line between antenna?, a smaller hair at base of antenna; two long approxi-
mated spines on front margin (antenna? wanting) . Eyes large, pointed. Men-
tal plate small, with a median tooth and four on each side, the first two evenly
spaced, the third remote, the fourth small. Mandible elliptical, truncate on
front margin; a row of long hairs on outer base; four filaments before tip with
a tuft of little hairs; a row of cilia from a collar; five feathered filaments on
outer margin ; dentition large, two small teeth, a large slightly notched one
and two more small teeth followed by a square process composed of confluent
spines; a row of long hairs at the basal articulation. Maxilla transversely
quadrangular, triangularly excavate centrally, the excavation lined with cilia,
which also fringe the straight outer margin and become longer on the inner
angle; two little filaments in the excavation; palpus large, only slightly articu-
lated to maxilla, exceeding it both basally and distally ; three spines and two
spatulate appendages at tip ; an outer dendritic tuft (lost) . Thorax subquadrate,
about as long as wide; hairs short, consisting of branched hairs, single hairs and
tufts ; mesothorax sparsely haired. Abdomen stout, anterior segments shorter ;
long feathered lateral hairs on first three segments, double on first and second,
single on third ; posterior hairs small, smooth ; a dorsal series of five pairs of
fan-shaped tufts on third to seventh segments. Air-tube sessile, subquadrate,
roundedly angled posteriorly. Lateral plates of the eighth segment posteriorly
with a series of spines, five very long ones and nine short ones, about one-third
as long as the long ones and irregularly alternating with them. Anal seg-
ment about as long as wide, with a small dorsal plate ; dorsal brush a long and
a short tuft on each side; a single long lateral hair below the plate; ventral
brush well developed, of long branched tufts; anal gills moderate, bluntly
pointed.

Mr. Knab bred a single specimen from a pool in a stream-bed, associated
with Anopheles strigimacula and Culex derivator; Mr. Jennings found larvge
in a water course.

Tropical American mainland.

Cordoba, Mexico, June 13, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Livingston, Guatemala, May
11, 1906 (IL S. Barber); Bluefields, Nicaragua (W. F. Thornton); Colon,
Panama (A. I. Kendall, W. M. Black) ; Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama (A.
Busck) ; Caldera Island, Porto Bello Bay, Panama, January 21, 1908 (A. H.
Jennings) ; Cucaracha, Canal Zone, Panama, May 14, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ;
Las Cascadas, Canal Zone, Panama, February 5, 1908 (B. L. Turner) ; East La
Boca, Canal Zone, Panama, November 28, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; Trinidad,
West Indies (F. W. Urich).

998

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Anopheles apicimacula is one of a group of closely similar species, which agree
in the wing-pattern, the presence of abdominal lateral scale-tufts, and in having
mottled legs. It is distinguishable from mediopunctatus and malefactor by the
more narrowly ovate wing-scales, agreeing in this respect with strigimacula and
maculipes. The last named differs by having the rings on the hind tarsi at the
apices of the joints, while the others have them at both ends of the joints. The
most obvious difference between apicimacula and strigimacula is that in the
former the rings of the hind tarsi are white and rather scattered, while in the
latter they are yellow and very numerous. There is considerable variation in the
extent of the light scaling, both on the wings and tarsi. The third vein usually
bears only two black spots, one near base, the other near apex ; but some of our
specimens show additional spots. The spots on the sixth vein are very variable
in number and extent. The last hind tarsal may be either wholly white, or with
a black ring.

We have sunk Anopheles punctimacula as a synonym of apicimacula, further
study having convinced us that the differences on which the species was based,
the less concrete black apical wing-spot and the wholly white last joint of the
hind tarsi, are not specific.

ANOPHELES STRIGIMACULA Dyar and Knab.

Anopheles mediopunctatus Dyar & Knab (not Theobald), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv,
176, 1906.

Nototricha mediopunctatus Coquillett (not Theobald), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent.,

Tech. Ser. 11, 13, 1906.
Anopheles strigimacula Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xlx, 136, 1906.
Anopheles strigimacula Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 601, 1910.

Anopheles strigimacula Darling, Stud. Rel. Malaria, Isthm. Canal Comm., 10, 1910.
Original Description of Anopheles strigimacula:

Tarsi banded with white, the hind tarsi black and white, both tarsi and femora
speckled; wing veins white with black dots and spots; third vein with a small black
dot at base or beyond; wing scales narrow; tarsi black and white, not yellow; no
distinct costo-apical black spot on wing; last vein with three black dashes.

One specimen, Cordoba, Mexico (F. Knab).

Type— Cat. No. 9977, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Anopheles strigimacula:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, straight, uniform ; labellae long, lanceolate,
with fine outstanding setae; vestiture black, roughened toward base. Palpi as
long as the proboscis, uniform, roughened by long, erect, spatulate scales, black,
a few whitish scales at apex, at bases of last two joints and at middle of long
joint. Antennae filiform, the joints subequal, pale, with black basal rings,
densely pilose ; hairs of whorls sparse, pale, short ; tori small, subspherical, with
an apical cup-shaped excavation, brown, with a luteous rim and a patch of ovate
white scales on outer side. Clypeus broad, rounded triangular, brown, pruinose,
nude. Eyes well separated on the vertex, black. Occiput with a median groove,
blackish, clothed with erect, truncate black scales, a group of white ones in the
center of the vertex, a row of recumbent white scales along eye-margins to their
anterior angles, a group of long pale hairs projecting forward from interocular
area ; hairs along eye margins long, black.

Prothoracic lobes small, lateral, clothed with erect spatulate black scales.
Mesonotum narrow, elongate, pale grayish-pruinose, irregularly mottled with
deep brown dots ; a pair of indistinct, narrow, longitudinal bare lines on anterior
half of disk ; a pair of broader bare stripes well outward on posterior half, a large
black spot at their anterior ends near lateral angles, a larger black spot basally
on antescutellar space; vestiture of fine pale yellow hairs arising from small
black punctures, some long, narrow pale scales intergrading with the hairs
near anterior margin, a few erect, spatulate black scales at anterior angles;
bristles over roots of wings short, pale yellow. Scutellum collar-like, grayish
pruinose, with a large black spot in the middle continuous with that on meso-
notum, clothed with pale hairs and brown marginal bristles. Postnotum ellip-

ANOPHELES STRIGIMACULA

999

tical, prominent, dark brown, nude. Pleurae and coxa? pale grayish pruinose
with large blackish spots, fine hairs, and small patches of white scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, depressed, truncate at tip, brownish-black, dorsally
clothed rather evenly with scattered fine pale hairs, a series of conspicuous
tufts of black spatulate outstanding scales at posterior angles of segments ;
venter with scattered broad white scales and outstanding black ones at apices
of segments.

Wings (plate 41, fig. 11) moderate, hyaline, with three brown pigment-spots
along costa ; petiole of second marginal cell shorter than its cell, that of second
posterior cell slightly longer than its cell ; basal cross-vein distant about its own
length from anterior cross-vein ; outstanding scales of veins narrowly ovate, pale
yellow, with black scales in spots as follows: three large costal spots, the mem-
brane beneath infuscated, the first smallest, involving subcostal and first veins,
the others very large, involving also the second vein, the outer one both branches
of its fork; no concrete apical spot; costa and first vein with black spots and
dashes between each of the large spots ; second vein mostly dark scaled, each
fork with two little yellow spots ; third vein with five black spots, the first at base,
the last at tip ; fourth vein black scaled with small yellow spots, three small
yellow spots on upper branch and one long one on middle of lower branch ; fifth
vein with some black scales near base, five spots on upper fork, two on lower ;
sixth vein with six irregular spots of black scales, the last at the tip. Halteres
pale at base, covered with small white scales, disk of knob black and bare.

Legs long and slender, black speckled with yellowish-white; hind femora
with about ten spots or rings ; hind tibia with about fourteen ; hind tarsi with
about ten yellow spots on the first joint which is entirely yellow beneath, second
joint yellow at base and tip and spotted beyond middle, third and fourth joints
yellow at bases and tips and with a ring beyond middle, fifth all yellow ; front
tarsi with narrow yellow rings at bases and apices of joints, the last entirely
pale; mid tarsi not distinctly ringed. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, uniform, black-scaled. Palpi about as long as the
proboscis, the last two joints swollen, forming a distinct club, and with long,
dense yellowish hairs; vestiture black, last two joints golden yellow scaled above,
a black ring at articulation, a broad yellow ring at middle of long joint. An-
tenna? plumose; last two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the otbers
rather short, subequal, slender, pale, with dark rings at insertions of hair-
whorls; hairs of whorls long, dense, brown with yellow luster. Coloration as
in the female. Abdomen more elongate and slender than in the female, de-
pressed, some flat, light yellowish scales dorsally on the last two segments;
claspers with outstanding black scales. Wings narrower than in the female, the
stems of the fork-cells longer, the vestiture more sparse. Claw formula,
2-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Genitalia (plate 39, fig. 260) : Side-pieces hardly twice as long as wide, the
tips conically rounded ; a stout seta on the inner margin and two separated ones
at the bases. Basal appendages leaf-like. Unci with long spatulate terminal
appendages. Clasp-filament long, rather stout, slightly attenuated mesially,
with a minute terminal claw.

Larva, Stage IV. — Head rounded, elongate, longer than wide, bulging at
the sides, front conically produced; both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single but
numerously branched, in a line between the antenna?, a smaller hair at base of
antenna ; two long approximate spines on front margin. Antenna? subcylindri-
cal, slightly enlarged near base, very weakly spined; a dendritic tuft near basal
third; two long spines at tip, a slender tuft and a short digit. Eyes large,
pointed. Mental plate small, with a central tooth and five on each side, the first
two rounded and approximate, the third and fourth remote, the fifth small.
Mandible quadrangular, rounded ; four feathered filaments near base and two

1000

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

beyond them; a group of four filaments before tip; an outer row of cilia; six
serrate filaments on outer margin; dentition of two small teeth followed
by a large one which is roundedly serrate on its lower declivity ; a long
row of confluent spines; two broad serrate filaments within; basal angle
rounded, with a small tuft ; a row of long basal hairs. Maxilla narrowly quad-
rangular, slightly excavate on outer margin; all the margin and inner area
densely hairy; a pair of small filaments on inner third; palpus rather large,
conical, a large dendritic tuft without, a terminal group of digits and flattened
appendages. Thorax subquadrate, about as wide as long; hairs short, con-
sisting of branched hairs, single hairs and tufts; metathorax sparsely haired.
Abdomen stout, the anterior segments shorter; long feathered lateral hairs on
first three segments, double on first and second, single on third ; posterior hairs
small, smooth ; a dorsal series of five pairs of fan-shaped tufts on third to
seventh segments (plate 130, fig. 456). Air-tube sessile, subquadrate,
roundedly angled posteriorly. Lateral plates of eighth segment with a series of
spines posteriorly, seven or eight long ones alternating with six or seven short
ones which are about one-fourth as long as the long ones. Anal segment about as
long as wide, with a small dorsal plate; dorsal brush a long hair and a short
tuft on each side ; a single long lateral hair below the plate ; ventral brush well
developed, of long branched tufts ; anal gills moderate, about as long as the seg-
ment, bluntly pointed.

Mr. Rnab found the larvae in pools in a river-bed in a deep ravine. The water
was clear and surrounded by large boulders. They were associated with Culex
pinarocampa, Culex derivator, and Aides cuneatus.

Tropical Mexico.

C6rdoba, June 13, 1905, and January 22, 1908 (F. Knab).

ANOPHELES MALEFACTOR Dyar & Knab.

Anopheles malefactor Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xv, 198, 1907.
Anopheles malefactor Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., Hi, 59, 1908.
Anopheles malefactor Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 87, 1910.

Anopheles malefactor Darling, Stud. Rel. Malaria, Isthm. Canal Comm., 9, 1910.

Anopheles malefactor Jennings, Journ. Econ. Ent., v, 134, 1912.

Anopheles malefactor Knab, Amer. Journ. Trop. Dis. & Prev. Med., i, 36, 41, 1913.

Original Description of Anopheles malefactor:

5. — Palpi long, clothed with brown scales and black outstanding ones, which are
grouped more or less in tufts, heaviest on the basal portion, a slight sprinkling of
lighter scales among the brown ones, particularly at the bases of the dark tufts;
occiput black-scaled, the eyes margined with white above and where they join is a
tuft of white hairs; mesonotum gray with reddish and bluish tinge and small dark
freckles tending to form longitudinal rows, sparsely distributed narrow yellowish
scales, a black spot at the base extending over the middle of the scutellum and two
small sub-lateral black spots medially, all three of these show a lighter margin;
abdomen slender, gray, with lateral tufts of outstanding black scales at the apices
of the segments; legs with the femora and tibiae black freckled with white, on the
hind tibiae yellow scales predominate; tarsi black, ringed with yellowish white;
on the hind legs the first tarsal joint is dark at the base, light at the apex and has
six white rings of different lengths, second joint narrowly white at base, broadly so at
apex, with a moderately broad white ring near the middle and another narrower one
between it and the base, third and fourth joints white ringed at base and apex with a
broad central white ring, apical segment entirely whitish scaled; wing spotted, black
and white, a large black patch margined with white on the costa near the middle,
more basally a smaller costal patch and towards the apex another large one, all
margined with white, scaling of the veins in patches of black and white scales, the
third vein with a small, black spot at the base, the sixth vein with many black dots
and dashes. Length, 4.5 mm.

— Palpi with the apical portion clubbed, clothed with yellow scales with golden
luster, a narrow dark ring at the middle of the club, the shaft ringed with dull
ochreous at the apex and at the constriction and broadly marked with the same
color on the apical portion; antennae pale brown and ferruginous with silky luster.
Length, 4.5 mm.

Seven specimens, Chagres River, Panama (August Busck, collector); Tabernilla,
Canal Zone, Panama (August Busck, collector); Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama (A. H.
Jennings, collector).

ANOPHELES MALEFACTOR

1001

Type. — No. 10877, U. S. National Museum.

There is some variation in the banding of the hind tarsi. In two specimens the
penultimate and apical white rings of the second joint are united; in one the apical
white ring of the first joint is divided by a black bar, in another the penultimate
ring is so divided, while in a third, the apical, penultimate, antepenultimate and
another white ring are so divided, this specimen having eleven white rings on this
joint instead of seven as in the type.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Anopheles malefactor:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, straight, uniform; labellae long, lanceolate,
with fine outstanding setae; vestiture black, roughened basally. Palpi nearly
as long as the proboscis, stout, roughened by long erect spatulate scales, black,
a few yellowish ones intermixed, a pale ring at base of last joint and at middle
of long joint. Antennae filiform, the joints subequal, rather short, blackish,
densely pilose; hairs of whorls sparse, pale, short; tori small, subspherical, with
a eup-shaped apical excavation, dark brown, with a patch of pale scales on outer
side. Clypeus broad, rounded triangular, dull brown, nude. Eyes well sepa-
rated on the vertex, black. Occiput with a median groove, piceous, densely
clothed with erect triangular spatulate black scales with paler tips, some yel-
lowish-white ones on the vertex; a row of recumbent white scales along eye
margins extending forward to their anterior angles ; a group of long pale hairs
between the eyes projecting forward; hairs along margins of eyes long, black.

Prothoracic lobes small, lateral, clothed with erect spatulate black scales.
Mesonotum narrow, elongate, brownish-gray, pruinose, irregularly mottled
with small deep brown dots; a pair of indistinct, narrow, longitudinal bare
lines on anterior half of disk ; a pair of broader bare lines outward on posterior
half, a large black spot at their anterior ends near lateral angles, a large black
spot basally on antescutellar space ; vestiture of fine pale yellowish hairs, mostly
arising from black spots, some long, narrow pale scales intergrading with the
hairs near anterior margin, a few erect, spatulate black scales at anterior angles ;
bristles over roots of wings short, pale yellow. Scutellum collar-like, gray
pruinose, with a black spot in the middle continuous with that on mesonotum,
clothed with pale hairs and dark marginal bristles. Postnotum elliptical,
prominent, dark brown, nude. Pleurae and coxae pale gray pruinose with
blackish patches, fine hairs, and small patches of white scales.

Abdomen subcylindrical, depressed, truncate at tip, brownish -black, evenly
clothed with fine pale hairs and some scattered broad pale scales on last three
segments, a series of conspicuous tufts of black spatulate outstanding scales at
posterior angles of segments with some white ones near them ; venter with
scattered broad white scales, hind margins of segments with coarse, erect black
scales.

Wings (plate 4-1, fig. 2) moderate, hyaline, with three brown pigment spots
along costa and two smaller ones on the cross-veins; petiole of second marginal
cell nearly as long as its cell, that of second posterior cell somewhat longer than
its cell; basal cross-vein distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein;
outstanding scales of veins broadly ovate, small, white and pale yellow witli
black ones in spots as follows : three large spots on the costa, limited at both ends
by white scales, the membrane beneath them infuscated, the basal one smaller,
involving subcostal and first veins, the others very large, involving the second
vein, the outer one both branches of its fork ; numerous black scales on the costa,
subcostal and first veins between the large spots and beyond, apically and sub-
apically, small irregular spots ; third vein with two small spots at and near base
and two others at and near apex, a few black scales scattered along its whole
length ; fourth vein mostly black-scaled to the fork, a larger spot on the base of
the fork, three smaller on upper branch and three on lower ; fifth vein with black
scales intermixed, five spots on upper fork, two on lower; sixth vein with seven
small black spots. Halteres pale at base, scaled with white on upper, side, the
knobs black with broadly white-scaled margins.
64

1002

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Legs long and slender; vestiture black with numerous small white spots;
femora and tibiae finely speckled with white ; hind tarsi with seven white rings
or spots on first joint, four on the second, third and fourth white at base and tip
and ringed in the middle, fifth all white ; fore tarsi with six white rings or spots
on first joint, second joint with three, third and fourth white at base and apex,
fifth white ; mid tarsi with the maculation much reduced, the third, fourth and
fifth joints without well-marked rings. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Male. — Proboscis uniform, nearly straight, black-scaled. Palpi about as
long as the proboscis, the last two joints swollen, forming a distinct club and
with long, dense yellowish hairs; two last joints golden-yellow scaled, with a
narrow dark ring at the articulation ; long joint black-scaled, a large patch of
yellow scales at base above, a broad yellowish ring at the middle, a long dorsal
mark of yellowish scales towards apex, extreme tip also yellow. Antennas
plumose; last two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others
rather short, slender, subequal, pale, with dark basal rings; hairs of whorls long,
dense, brown with yellow luster. Coloration as in the female. Wings narrower
than in the female, the stems of the fork-cells longer, the vestiture sparser.
Claw formula, 2-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Genitalia (plate 39, fig. 259) : Side-pieces less than twice as long as wide,
the tips conically rounded ; a stout seta near the middle of the inner margin, and
two separated stouter ones toward the base; clasp-filament long and slender,
slightly attenuated mesially, with a minute terminal claw. Basal appendages
leaf-like. Unci with spatulate terminal appendages.

Larva, Stage IV. — Head elliptical, longer than wide; antennae moderately
stout, rather long, finely spinulate, the tuft at basal third; dorsal head-hairs
feathered, anterior series with the median pair simple, those on the anterior
angles double, each hair divided at tip. Abdomen with five pairs of fan-shaped
tufts (plate 130, fig. 458), the single elements lanceolate, the edges on the
outer part slightly notched. Lateral plates of eighth segment posteriorly with
a series of teeth alternatingly long and short. Anal segment with dorsal plate
and well-developed ventral brush ; anal gills rather long, lanceolate, blunt at tips.

Mr. Busck found the larvae in still pools of a running brook, in a slowly run-
ning spring full of leaves, and in an open pool. The females have been taken
in habitations and filled with blood.

Panama.

Kio Chagres, June 7, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Tabernilla, Canal Zone, May 2, 1907
(A. Busck) ; Barracks, Caldera Island, Porto Bello Bay, January 4, 1908 (A.
H. Jennings) ; Black Barracks, Gatun, Canal Zone (A. H. Jennings) ; Ancon,
Canal Zone (A. H. Jennings) ; Gold Hill Camp, Canal Zone, May 9, 1908 (A.
H. Jennings) ; Miraflores, Canal Zone, January 5, 1909 (A. H. Jennings) ;
Porto Bello (A. H. Jennings).

Anopheles malefactor much resembles the Brazilian A. pseudomaculipes
Peryassu (Os Culic. do Brazil, 108, 1908) in general appearance as well as in the
wing-pattern and the other details of coloration. The latter species, of which we
have a specimen from Xerem, State of Bio de Janeiro, kindly transmitted by the
Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, differs especially in the shape of the wing-scales, these
being larger and much more elongate than in our species.

ANOPHELES EISENI Coquillett.

Anopheles eiseni Coquillett, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, x, 192, 1902.
Anopheles eiseni Giles, Revision Anophelinae, 24, 1904.
Anopheles eiseni Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 620, 1905.
Myzomyia tibiamaculata Neiva, Brazil-Medico, xx, 288, 1906.

Myzomya tibiamaculata Neiva, Uma nova especie de Anophelina Brazileira (Trab.
Inst. Manguinhos), 1906.

ANOPHELES EISENI

1003

Anopheles eiseni Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 177, 1906.
Anopheles eiseni Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 12, 1906.
Anopheles eiseni Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 38, 1907.

Myzorhynchella tibia-maculata Peryassu, Os Culic. do Brazil, 40, 60, 101, 1908.
Anopheles eiseni Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., lii, 58, 1908.
Myzomyia tibiamaculata Neiva, Mem. Inst. Osw. Cruz, i, 70, 1909.
Anopheles eiseni Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 14, 1910.
Myzorhynchella tibia-maculata Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 45, 46, 1910.
Anopheles eiseni Darling, Stud. Rel. Malaria, Isthm. Canal Comm., 10, 1910.
Anopheles eiseni Jennings, Journ. Econ. Ent., v, 134, 1912.
Anopheles eiseni Knab, Amer. Journ. Trop. Dis. & Prev. Med., i, 36, 217, 1913.

Original Description of Anopheles eiseni:

Near maculipennis. but with a patch of whitish scales on the first vein before its
middle and another at its apex, also the apical fourth of the hind tibiae is yellowish-
white. Black, the stems of halteres whitish, coxae and a vitta on lower part of pleura,
yellow, femora yellowish-brown, apical fourth of hind tibiae yellowish-white;
antennae of male whitish, the first joint, last two and fascia on each of the others,
brown; scales of palpi black, those at apex and two bands in the female, three in the
male, white; scales of occiput black, those in middle of upper part white; mesonotum
grayish pruinose, marked toward each side with a velvet black vitta; scales of
abdomen black, the hairs yellowish, scales of femora and tibiae mixed black and
whitish, those on the apical whitish portion of hind tibiae white, those on the tarsi
black; tarsal claws of female simple; wings hyaline, the veins and scales brown, a
dense patch of black ones at base of second vein, a larger one on the crossveins and
a small one at bases of first submarginal and of second posterior cell, a small patch
of yellowish-white scales on first vein before its middle and another at its apex, the
latter spot encroaching upon the costal vein. Length, 3.5 mm.

Habitat. — Aguna, Guatemala (2,000 feet altitude).

One female and two males received by Dr. L. O. Howard from Professor Gustav
Eisen, of San Francisco, Cal., who has brought to light several interesting forms
in this family, and to whom this species is respectfully dedicated. Type No. 6699,
U. S. National Museum.

Original Description of Myzomyia tibiamaculata:

Proboscula. — Do tamanho do abdomen, uniforniemente escura, exceptuando a
ponta, que e amarellada; coberta, principalmente na base, de escamas lanceoladas,
longas, recurvadas e escuras, possuindo tambem cerdas escuras em toda a extensao
da proboscida; somente na parte de cor mais clara nao se encontram escamas, porem
cerdas em pequeno numero e de cor mais clara.

Palpos. — Do tamanho da tromba, pretos, menos nas extremidades livres, que sao
de cor branca; densamente cobertos de escamas pretas, longas e curvas, princi-
palmente no primeiro articulo; o ultimo, porem, e branco, possue escamas da
mesma cor. Existem cerdas longas, pretas, nao muito abundantes, a nao ser no
ultimo articulo, no qual, alem de serem abundantes, sao de cor amarella.

Antennas.— Mais ou menos do mesmo comprimento dos palpos, muito pilosas, de
cor clara, de pellos cinzentos e brilhantes, com verticillos mais escuros.

Tdras. — Globuloso, alaranjado; o segundo articulo apresenta-se entumescido
em relagao aos demais, principalmente aos dous ultimos, que sao os maiores e os
mais delgados; encontram-se escamas brancas, alongadas no lado interno do
segundo e terceiro articulos.

Clypeus. — Quasi escuro, glabro.

Vertex. — Com escamas brancas pequenas e recurvadas, alem de outras muito
longas e curvas formando tufo em anteversao.

Occiput. — A parte anterior e coberta por muitas escamas brancas, alongadas e
encurvadas. A parte posterior e revestida de escamas grandes, negras, accumu-
ladas, mui densamente; existem cerdas longas e escuras. As escamas brancas,
como as pretas, sao de duas formas, uma mais larga e menor, outra maior e mais
estreita.

Lobos prothoraxicos. — Muito salientes, revestidos de escamas amarellas e pretas,
estas em muito maior numero, obovaes, algumas bifurcadas, sendo geralmente de
diversos comprimentos; existem ainda cerdas longas, amarellas e pretas.

Mesonoto. — Cinzento no meio e escuro nos lados. E' percorrido longitudinal-
mente por tres linhas de cor castanho escuro. Existem muitos pellos amarellados
na zona acinzentada. As duas faixas pretas dos lados possuem numerosas cerdas
pretas. Na parte m6diana e anterior existe um tufo de escamas longas, estreitas,
curvas e brancas, repartidas para os lados.

Escutello. — Saliente, sem formar lobos, cinzento, com tres manchas pretas, sendo
a maior a do meio, a qual e apenar a terminacao da linha longitudinal e mediana do
mesonoto. Existem implantadas muitas cerdas, de 15 a 20, pelo menos, em todo o
scutellum.

1004

MOSQUITOES OF XORTH AMERICA

Metanoto. — Escuro e glabro.
Pleures. — Castanho-claras, glabras.

Coxas. — Amarelladas; possuem cerdas longas, amarelladas.

Balancins. — Com pedunculo amarello e capitulo escuro densamente coberto por
escamas pretas.

Abdomen. — De cor escura carregada, coberto de pellos amarellos: sendo geral-
mente na base dos segmentos a tonalidade mais clara. Na parte ventral e amarella
nas bases dos primeiros segmentos.

Pernas. — Throchanteres amarellados nos tres pares, com numerosos pellos am-
arellados, longos, voltados para baixo. Primeiro par de femures castanhos escuros,
amarellados na base; na parte externa do apice existem algumas escamas ericadas,
longas e escuras, formando um pequeno tufo; tibias um pouco mals claras que
os femures; sao amarelladas nas extremidades e um pouco entumescidas na parte
apical, que tern escamas e pellos amarellos; os metatarsos e os tarsos sao da mesma
cor. Segundo par de femures da mesma cor que os do primeiro par, com extremi-
dades amarelladas, em maior extersao que na base; no apice existem algumas
escamas amarellas. Tibia, metatarsos e tarsos da mesma cor dos femures. As tibias
possuem, porem, extremidades amarelladas.

Terceiro par de femures com a mesma cor dos outros, com extremidades ama-
rellas, principalmente na parte inferior e basal. Tibias com a mesma cor; a ex-
tremidade basal e amarella; a extremidade apical, n'uma grande extensao, equi-
valante a % das tibias, apresenta uma mancha branca, muito caracteristica;
somente na parte anterior ha uma estria da coloracao geral. Os metatarsos e tarsos
da mesma c6r que os outros.

Azas. — Manchadas de amarello na costa e com manchas da mesma cor espalhadas
pela aza. As manchas da costa sao em numero de tres, duas mais ou menos do mesmo
tamanho e menores, situadas mais para a base do que a ultima, que esta localisada
na parte apical. Todas attingem a primeira nervura longitudinal. Na base da
primeira nervura longitudinal ha escamas amarellas n'uma extensao nao pequena;
ha ainda na mesma nervura escamas da mesma cor entre a primeira e segunda
manchas costaes; existe outra mancha da mesma cor, porem mais clara, no ramo
posterior da segunda nervura; na base da terceira nervura, no ramo anterior da
quarta, no apice do ramo posterior da quinta, na base da quinta nervura, no ramo
anterior desta e na base da sexta nervura existem escamas amarellas, que mancham
a aza. Na franja as manchas estao situadas entre as extremidades dos ramos da
segunda nervura e na terminasao dos ramos da quarta e da quinta. A nervura
transversal m6dia fica mais distante da base da aza do que a supra-numeraria e
a posterior. A primeira cellula sub-marginal e maior e mais estreita do que a
segunda callula posterior; esta possue um pedunculo quasi igual a quatro vezes o
seu comprimento.

Comprimento. — 5,5 mm com a proboscida, que mede 2

Habitat. — Oliveira, Estado de Minas Geraes.

Epoca da captura. — Maio.

Esta especie foi capturada pelo Dr. Carlos Chagas, que, a tendo reconhecido como
nova, enviou para o Instituto de Mdnguinhos, onde foi estudada e descripta.
Description of Female, Male, and Laeva of Anopheles eiseni:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, straight, uniform; labellse long, lanceolate,
with fine outstanding setae; vestiture black. Palpi as long as proboscis, uni-
form, slightly roughened by outstanding scales; vestiture black, broadly white
at apex, involving all of last joint and tip of preceding, a broad white ring in-
volving base of penultimate joint and tip of long joint. Antennae filiform;
joints long, slender, subequal, blackish, densely pilose; hairs of whorls sparse,
moderate, black; tori small, subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation,
blackish-brown. Clypeus elongate, prominent, rounded triangular, blackish,
nude. Eyes well separated on the vertex, black. Occiput with a median groove,
blackish, densely clothed with erect triangular scales, black, a large patch of
white ones on the vertex, a group of long white hair-like scales between the eyes
and projecting forward ; a row of coarse black setae along margins of eyes.

Prothoracic lobes rather large and prominent, lateral. Mesonotum narrow,
elongate, brownish-black along the sides, bluish gray pruinose in a broad median
stripe, the lateral margins tinged with gray, clothed with scattered short dark
hairs, two indistinct, bare, longitudinal concolorous stripes on anterior two-
thirds. Scutellum collar-like, brown, gray pruinose, with brown hairs and a
row of dark marginal setae. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown, nude.
Pleurag blackish above, pale greenish below, with fine hairs ; coxae pale greenish.

ANOPHELES EISEXI

1005

Abdomen subcylindrical, depressed, truncate at tip, brownish-black, without
scales, clothed dorsally with scattered fine brown hairs; venter pale greenish,
the apices of the segments blackish, more coarsely hairy.

Wings (plate 41, fig. 16) moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell
much shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell longer than its cell ; basal
cross-vein distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein ; outstanding-
scales of veins rather broadly lanceolate, blackish brown, intermixed with deeper
black ones in indistinct patches as follows : at base of second vein and base of
its fork, on third and fourth veins at the cross-veins and base of fork of fourth
vein, fifth vein from base to apex of lower branch, a spot on upper branch ; a dull
brownish-white spot at costal margin just before wing-tip and involving first
vein, a second one on the fringe at wing-apex; a small yellowish spot on first
vein before middle of wing. Halteres whitish, with black knobs.

Legs long and slender; vestiture black, apical fourth of posterior tibia?
densely clothed with large, slightly raised, lanceolate white scales ; femora pale
beneath at base. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Male.-— Proboscis rather long and slender, straight. Palpi nearly as long as
the proboscis, the tip of long joint and last two joints swollen and furnished
with long hairs; vestiture black, last joint entirely white-scaled, penultimate
dorsally white at base. Antennae plumose; last two joints long and slender,
rugose, pilose, black, the others rather short, subequal, slender, whitish on
apical half, dark ba sally : hairs of whorls long, dense, blackish. Coloration as
in the female. Abdomen elongate, subcylindrical, slightly narrowed towards
middle, depressed and somewhat broadened towards apex; lateral filiation
coarse but sparse. Wings much narrower than in the female, the stems of the
fork-cells longer, the vestiture more sparse. Claw formula, 2-0.0-0.0.

Length: Body about -1 mm.; wing 3 mm.

Genitalia (plate 40, fig. 267) : Side-pieces rather slender, conically tapering,
rounded at tip, over twice as long as wide; clasp-filament long, rather slender,
slightly attenuated medianly, apically with a minute stout inserted claw ; at base
of side-piece are two pairs of stout setae arising from elevated bases. Basal
appendages broad, tapering to a point, smooth. Unci forming a slender column,
from the tip of which arise two filaments with serrate outer edges.

Larva. Stage IV. — Head rounded, elongate, longer than wide, bulging at
sides, front conically produced; four dorsal head -hairs, single but numerously
branched, in a line between the antenna?, a smaller hair at base of antenna ;
two long approximate spines on front margin. Antenna? subcylindrical, slightly
tapered, sparsely spined ; a hair tuft very near base ; two long terminal processes,
a slender hair-tuft exceeding them and a digit at tip. Eyes large, pointed.
Mental plate small, with a median tooth and four on each side, the second rather
prominent, the third and fourth small and distant. Mandible quadrangular,
with a row of long feathered hairs near base and a pair of short feathered fila-
ments on the other side ; two long smooth filaments and two serrate ones before
tip ; an outer row of cilia ; a row of short feathered filaments along outer margin ;
dentition large, of seven teeth, the third large and prominent, the fourth a
serration on its lower declivity; a long serrate filament within, a rounded
process below composed of confluent spines; basal angle small, with a hair-tuft;
a row of long hairs at base. Maxilla rectangular, slightly excavated at inner
third, fringed with hairs, with two stout spines at inner angle; two small fila-
ments at base of excavation; palpus conical, not exceeding the maxilla, a den-
dritic tuft without ; a group of digits and flattened appendages at tip. Thorax
subquadrate, about as long as wide; hairs short, consisting of branched hairs,
single hairs and tufts ; mesothorax sparsely haired. x\bdomen stout, anterior
segments shorter; long feathered lateral hairs on first three segments, double
on first and second, single on third ; posterior hairs small, smooth ; a dorsal series
of six pairs of fan-shaped tufts on second to seventh segments (plate 130, fig.

1006

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

457). Air-tube sessile, subquadrate, roundedly angled posteriorly. Lateral
plates of eighth segment posteriorly with a series of spines, irregularly alter-
nating long and short ; the longer of the short ones half as long as the long ones,
the shorter ones about one-third. Anal segment about as long as wide, with
a small dorsal plate ; dorsal brush a long and a short tuft on each side ; a single
long lateral hair below the plate ; ventral brush well developed, of long branched
tufts ; anal gills moderate, about as long as the segment, bluntly pointed.

Mr Busck found the larvae in water in hollow trees, open bamboo-joints, and
once in a palm-leaf lying on the ground and holding rain-water, and he con-
siders the species as one addicted to tree-holes. Mr. Knab got one larva in a
pool in a stream-bed. Mr. Jennings found them in a small pool beside a stream
filled with leaves and no algae present, in water in a hole in a rock beside a stream
and in pools among rocks beside a stream and from water in a hole in a tree, in
all once in a tree-hole and seven times from stream-pools. The larva? are there-
fore not exclusively addicted to tree-holes, but inhabit also pools beside streams,
especially those in rocks. It should be remembered in connection with these
data that water-bearing tree-holes are much more difficult to locate than water
upon the ground. The adults presumably bite, as we have captured specimens,
although most of those before us are bred.

Tropical America, from Mexico to southern Brazil.

Cordoba, Mexico, June 13, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Aguna, Guatemala (G. Eisen) ;
Eio Chagres, Panama, June 7, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Tabernilla, Canal Zone,
Panama, July 18, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Colon, Panama (A. I. Kendall) ; Caldera
Island, Porto Bello Bay, Panama, January 24, May 29, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ;
Platanal, Trinidad, West Indies, September 19, 1908 (F. W. Urich). Beported
also from Oliveira, State of Minas Geraes, Brazil (A. Neiva).

Anopheles eiseni is the only species in our region with this peculiar type of
leg ornamentation. Anopheles tibiamaculata Neiva is the same as eiseni, ac-
cording to Dr. Neiva who has examined our material.

ANOPHELES GRABHAMII Theobald.

Anopheles grabhamii Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 205, 1901.
Cycloleppteron grabhamii Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 312, 1901.
Cycloleppteron grabhamii Theobald, Journ. Trop. Med., v, 182, 1902.
Cycloleppteron grabhamii Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 332, 1902.
Cycloleppteron grabhamii Taylor, Rev. de Med. Trop., iv, 150, 160, 166, 172, 1903.
Cycloleppteron grabhamii Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 56, 1903.
Cycloleppteron grabhamii Giles, Rev. Anophelinse, 20, 1904.
Cycloleppteron grabhamii Pazos, Bull. Soc Ent. France, 1904, 134, 1904.
Cyclolepidopteron grabhami Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 185, 1905.
Cycloleppteron grabhamii Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt., 26 fasc, 8, 1905.
Cycloleppteron grabhamii Theobald, Mosq. or Culic. of Jamaica, 9, 17, 1905.
Cycloleppteron grabhamii Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 470, 1905.
Anopheles grabhamii Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 176, 1906.
Cycloleppteron grabhamii Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 13,
1906.

Cycloleppteron grabhamii Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 55, 1907.

Anopheles grabhamii Pazos, San. y Benef., i, 45, 181, 1909.

Cycloleppteron grabhamii Prout, Ann. Trop. Med. & Paras., iii, 487, 1909.

Cycloleppteron grabhamii Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 34, 1910.

Anopheles grabhamii Knab, Amer. Journ. Trop. Dis. & Prev. Med., i, 36, 1913.

Original Description of Anopheles grabhamii:

$. Head dark brown, with black upright forked scales behind and at the sides,
a patch of grey ones in the middle of the head, a few white ones projecting in front,
and a long tuft of white hairs spreading outwards; eyes metallic coppery; proboscis
long and thin, brown; palpi brown, bright brown at the swollen end, with prominent
scales at the base; basal joint of antennae dark brown.

Thorax silvery-grey, mottled with bright chestnut-brown, with two dark brown
eye-like patches on each side towards the posterior half of the mesonotum, and a
dark central line in front; a lateral tuft of dark, broadish scales on each side in
front, and a patch of hair-like creamy ones in the middle, projecting over the neck;
the whole mesonotum covered with scattered golden, curved, hair like scales; scu-
tellum greyish at the sides, brown in the centre; metanotum yellowish-brown in

ANOPHELES GRABHAMII

1007

some lights, with purplish tinges in others. When viewed with a hand lens the
thorax appears bright brown and grey, frosted with grey hairs, the median dark line
showing plainly, and also the four lateral spots.

The abdomen is absent, and the legs too damaged to make anything of, but the
remaining wing is perfect, and presents the following peculiarities: the costa is
dark, with a small pale patch about one-third of the length of the wing from the tip.
The apex is fringed with yellow scales, broken by three small blackish patches, the
upper part of the yellow fringe appearing as a yellow, apical, costal spot. The veins
are sparsely bordered with pale spindle-shaped scales, and scattered over the veins,
at wide intervals, are large, deep black scales totally unlike those of any other
Anopheles. These scales are collected into a dense jet-black spot where the first
long vein joins the auxiliary, the black spot of scales involving the second long vein
as well. They are also collected rather thickly at the root of the fork-cells, especially
of the first sub-marginal cell and elsewhere. The first sub-marginal cell is about
the same length as its stem; its base nearer the base of the wing than that of the
second posterior cell. The latter is very short and broad, only a little more than half
the length of its stem. Posterior cross-vein about its own length distant from the
mid cross-vein. The third long vein is carried only a minute distance past the pos-
terior cross-vein.

Hab it at— Jamaica (Dr. Grabham) (24. 11. 1899). {</>)

Time of capture. — November.

Observations. — Described from a single broken specimen. Sufficient remains,
however, to show a very marked and peculiar species, which can at once be told
from any other Anopheles by the large dark scales on the wings. This species
probably will form a new genus when sufficient material comes to hand. The remains
have been mounted on slide No. 27.

(Signs on label, K g t n. 1. xi. 99. <f>.) Since the above was in type I have received
a perfect $ and 9.

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Anopheles geabiiamii:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, rather slender and smoothly scaled, slightly
thickened at base; labellae long, rather large, lanceolate, with fine outstanding
setas; vestiture brownish-black, slightly roughened at base. Palpi nearly as
long as the proboscis, uniform, roughened by erect spatulate scales, black
throughout, a few short seta? at tip. Antennae filiform; second joint elongate
and thickened, the others short, blackish, densely pilose; hairs of whorls sparse,
very short, black; tori rather small, subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical ex-
cavation, deep brown, pruinose. Clypeus large and broad, rounded triangular,
blackish, pruinose, nude. Eyes well separated on the vertex, black. Occiput
with a median groove, piceous, densely clothed with erect triangular scales,
black on the sides, white on the vertex, a group of long hair-like white scales
between eyes projecting forward ; a row of black setae along margins of the eyes.

Prothoracic lobes small, lateral. Mesonotum narrow, elongate, dull brown-
ish, gray pruinose, a black spot on each side medianly near lateral angles and a
small one basally on the antescutellar space ; vestiture of scattered, short, pale
yellowish hairs, some erect, narrow, elongate white scales near anterior margin.
Scutellum collar like, brownish, gray pruinose, with a large black central spot,
clothed with sparse pale hairs and black marginal bristles. Postnotum ellip-
tical, prominent, light brown with a blackish central stripe, nude. Pleurae and
coxa? brownish, gray pruinose, mottled with black, with rows of fine hairs and
a few white scales on the coxae.

Abdomen subcylindrical, depressed, truncate at tip, blackish, somewhat
rugose, rather evenly clothed with scattered, short, fine shining hairs, some
small yellowish white narrow outstanding scales at apical angles of last
segment.

Wings (plate 41, fig. G) rather narrow, hyaline; petiole of second marginal
cell shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell longer than its cell ; basal
cross-vein distant less than its own length from anterior cross-vein; scales of
veins of two kinds, large, broadly elliptical ones, tending to form spots on the
veins, the others much smaller and lanceolate ; large scales mostly black ; costa
black-scaled, a small yellowish-white patch on the outer third and involving first
vein, a longer ochreous-yellow spot at tip of wing on fringe and tip of first vein,
extending to second marginal cell and interrupted by a black spot at upper

1008

MOSQUITOES OF XORTH AMERICA

branch of second vein ; a very conspicuous patch of black scales on the costa,
involving first vein and origin of second ; distinct patches of black scales at base
of third vein and bases of forks of second and fourth veins ; third vein partly
whitish scaled ; fifth vein whitish scaled, some black ovate scales towards base, a
small black spot at base of fork, another before middle of upper branch and some
smaller black scales at tips of both branches ; sixth vein with a black patch near
base and another at apex. Halteres whitish, with black knobs.

Legs long and slender; femora and tibiae with yellowish-white and bronzy-
brown scales intermixed, mottled with numerous small spots not forming defined
rings; tarsi bronzy-brown, the joints with minute, indistinct yellowish basal
rings on two or three proximal joints. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Male. — Proboscis slender, straight, dark scaled. Palpi about as long as the
proboscis, the tip of long joint and last two joints swollen, forming a distinct
club and with long, dense pale hairs; vestiture blackish-brown throughout.
Antennae plumose; last two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the
others short, rather stout, whitish; hairs of whorls long, dense, brown with
silky yellow luster. Coloration as in the female. Abdomen elongate, depressed,
grayish-brown, the apices of the segments darker, an ill-defined, median, longi-
tudinal dark stripe inclosing a row of basal elongate median shining black
spots. Wing narrower than in the female, the stems of the fork-cells longer,
the vestiture less abundant. Claw formula, 2-0.0-0.0.

Length: Body about 4.5 mm.; wing 3.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 40, fig. 266) : Side-pieces about twice as long as wide, conical,
with a stout spine at about middle of inner margin ; clasp-filament as long as
side-piece, slender, slightly attenuated medianly and bearing a minute stout
terminal claw ; at base of side-piece two spines from a common base and a single
spine with a rounded tip. Unci slender columnar, with a divaricate tuft of
terminal spines.

Larva, Stage IV. — Head rounded, elongate, longer than wide, bulging at
sides, front conically produced; both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single but
numerously branched, in a line between the antenna?, a smaller hair at base of
antenna; two long approximate spines on the front margin. Antennas sub-
cylindrical, slightly tapered, spined, one spine near the tuft larger; a tuft of
four fine hairs at basal fourth; two long terminal digits with stout spines at
their bases and a long, stout, branched hair at tip. Eyes large, normal. Mental
plate small, with a median tooth and four on each side ; first side tooth small,
second large, fourth small and basally placed. Mandible quadrangular ; a row of
long branched hairs at base followed by two feathered filaments ; five filaments
before tip, with some fine hairs between them and the outer row of cilia ; a row of
small feathered filaments on outer margin; dentition of five teeth on a slight
prominence, first and third longest ; two serrate filaments within ; a square promi-
nence below, composed of confluent spines ; basal angle with a small tuft ; a row
of long hairs at base. Maxilla quadrangular, slightly obliquely cut on inner
side ; outer edge serrate, front margin broadly covered with bent hairs ; palpus
large, exceeding the maxilla, its base roundedly prominent, a dendritic tuft at
outer third, a group of irregularly shaped digits at tip. Thorax rounded sub-
quadrate, about as long as wide ; hairs short, consisting of branched hairs, single
hairs and tufts; mesothorax sparsely haired. Abdomen stout, anterior seg-
ments shorter; long feathered lateral hairs on first three segments, double on
first and second, single on third ; posterior hairs small, smooth ; a dorsal series of
five pairs of fan-shaped tufts on third to seventh segments (plate 130, fig. 455).
Air-tube sessile, subquadrate, roundedly angled posteriorly. Lateral plates of the
eighth segment posteriorly with a series of spines of irregular lengths, the long
ones very long, the short ones one-fourth their length. Anal segment about as
long as wide, with a small dorsal plate ; dorsal brush a long and a short brush on
each side ; a single long lateral hair below the plate ; ventral brush well developed,

ANOPHELES PUNCTIPEXNIS

1009

of long branched tufts; anal gills moderate, about as long as the segment,
bluntly pointed.

Theobald quotes Dr. Grabham as saying that the larva? will live in any stag-
nant water, and will flourish in an infusion of decaying animal matter. The
adult is found most abundantly in March, April, and May, and is an ardent
bloodsucker. The egg is described as follows : " Upper surface broad. Fringe
is well developed at each end, represented by a beaded line at the attachment of
the floats. Lower surface with roughly hexagonal depressions. Floats occupy
middle half of ovum, and are widely separated below. The egg is rather longer
and narrower than that of Cellia albipes. A captive female will readily lay eggs,
depositing about fifty at a time. These are arranged side by side or in radiat-
ing groups of three or more together at the edge of the water. This stage lasts
forty-eight hours." Mr. Busck found the larvae in pools in a dried stream-bed,
in large holes in coral rock and in a slowly running spring frequented by swine.

Antilles.

San Francisco Mountains, Santo Domingo. August, 1905 (A. Busck) ; St.
Thomas, August, 1905 (A. Busck) ; Kingston, Jamaica (M. Grabham) ;
Havana, Cuba, October 5, 1902 (J. R. Taylor) ; Porto Rico, December, 1913
(W. R. Wbippitt).

ANOPHELES PUNCTIPENNIS (Say) Say.
Culex punctipennis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., iii, 9, 1823.

Anopheles punctipennis Say, Keating's Narr. Exped. St. Peter's River, ii, 357, 1824.

Anopheles crucians Wiedemann (in part), Ausser. Zweifl. Ins., i, 12, 1828.

Culex hyemalis Fitch, Amer. Journ. Agr. and Sci., v, 281, 1847.

Anopheles crucians Osten Sacken (in part). Smiths. Misc. Colls., xvi, 2, 1858.

Anopheles crucians Osten Sacken (in part), Cat. No. Amer. Dipt., ed. 2 (Smiths.

Misc. Colls. No. 270), 19, 1878.
Culex punctipennis Say, Ent. of N. Amer., ii, 39, 1883.

Anopheles punctipennis Howard, Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. 4, n. s., 23, 1896.
Anopheles punctipennis Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Circ. 40, 2 ser., 4,
1900.

Anopheles punctipennis Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. 25, n. s., 21, 44, 1900.
Anopheles punctipennis Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 164, 1900.
Anopheles punctipennis Th. Smith, Journ. Boston Soc. Med. Sci., v. 321, 1901.
Anopheles punctipennis Howard, Mosquitoes, 113, 240, 1901.
Anopheles punctipennis Theobald, Mon. Culic, i, 189, 1901.
Anopheles punctipennis Herrick, Science, N. S., xiv, 329, 1901.
Anopheles punctipennis Veazie, N. Orleans Med. & Surg. Journ., liv, 163, 1901.
Anopheles punctipennis Herrick, Bull. 74, Mississippi Agr. Exp. Sta., 11, 1901.
Anopheles punctipennis Garman, Bull. 96, Ky. Agr. Exp. Stat., 204, 1901.
Anopheles punctipennis Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 322, 1902.
Anopheles punctipennis Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 46, 1902.
Anopheles punctipennis Theobald, Mon. Culic, iii, 19, 1903.
Anopheles punctipennis Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 140, 1903.
Anopheles punctipennis Johannsen, Bull. 68, N. Y. State Mus., 406, 1903.
Anopheles punctipennis Giles, Revis. Anophelina, 20. 1904.
Anopheles punctipennis Hirshberg, Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., xv, 53, 1904.
Anopheles punctipennis Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 266, 1904.
AnopKeles punctipennis Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Stat., Bull. 171, 30, 1904.
Anopheles punctipennis Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 167, 1905.
Anopheles punctipennis Jordan & Hefferan, Journ. Infect. Dis., ii, 57, 1905.
Anopheles punctipennis Smith, Rept. Mosquitoes N. J., 163, 1905.
Anopheles punctipennis Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 449, 469, 1905.
Anopheles punctipennis Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiii, 23, 1905.
Anopheles punctipennis Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt., 26 fasc, 7, 1905.
Anopheles punctipennis Britton & Viereck, Rept. Conn. Agr. Exp. Stat. 1904, 263, 271,
1905.

Anopheles punctipennis Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 175, 176, 1906.
Anopheles punctipennis Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 12, 1906.
Anopheles punctipennis Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circ. 72, 1, 1906.
Anopheles punctipennis Quayle, Bull. 178, Agr. Exp. Station, Berkeley, Cal., 52, 1906.
Anopheles punctipennis Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxii, 122, 1907.
Anopheles punctipennis Howard, Osier's Modern Medicine, i, 378, 383, 385, 1907.
Anopheles punctipen?iis Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 27, 1907.

Anopheles punctipennis Banta, Fauna Mavfield's Cave, Carnegie Inst. Wash., 35, 84,
1907.

1010

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Anopheles punctipennis Knab, Psyche, xiv, 1, 1907.

Anopheles perplexens Ludlow, Can. Ent., xxxix, 267, 1907.

Anopheles perplexens Dyar & Knab, Can. Ent., xl, 312, 1908.

Anopheles punctipennis Viereck, 1st Ann. Rept. Comm. Health Pa., 469, 1908.

Anopheles perplexens Ludlow, Can. Ent., xli, 21, 1909.

Anopheles perplexens Dyar & Knab, Can. Ent., xli, 101, 1909.

Anopheles perplexens = punctipennis Ludlow, Can. Ent., xli, 293, 1909.

Anopheles punctipennis Thibault, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xii, 22, 1910.

Anopheles punctipennis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 7, 1910.

Anopheles perplexens Theobald, Mon. Culic., v, 7, 1910.

Anopheles punctipennis Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 716, 1910.

Anopheles punctipennis Cora A. Smith, Psyche, xxi, 1, 1914.

Original Description of Culex punctipennis:

Body dark rufous, covered with cinereo-ferruginous hair; feet elongated; wings
maculated.

Inhabits the United States.

Orbits, bright cinereous; eyes deep black; antennae and proboscis deep fuscous
or blackish immaculate; thorax dark rufous, with obsolete blackish lines, and covered
with cinereo-ferruginous hair; wings hairy, dusky with a hardly perceptible pale
band beyond the middle, and obsolete dusky spots; scutel glabrous, dark rufous, with
a longitudinal bluish vitta; halteres yellow at base; feet elongated, deep fuscous or
blackish; pectus each side above the posterior feet plumbeous.

It is probable this is the species which Fabr. considers as the same with the
pulicaris of Europe; it is common on the Mississippi, and troublesome to travellers.
When the insect is at rest, the wings being incumbent one on the other, the pale
band is very distinct; when recent, the eyes are greenish-blue. I observed this
species in considerable numbers on the Eastern shore of Maryland. The dusky
spots on the wings of this species, are occasioned by the thicker growth of hair in
those parts.

Original Description of Culex hyemalis:

Thorax cinereous, with a broad black vitta on each side; extreme tips of the
wings and two spots on their anterior margins black, with two intervening sericeous
yellowish-white spots.

Length 0.22; to the tips of the wings 0.28, or including the beak 0.39.

Head cinereous-pubescent, occiput black-pubescent. Proboscis black, its apex
cinereous. Palpi black, the tips varied with gray. Antennae black, tips brown.
Thorax cinereous-pubescent, with a broad rufous-black vitta on each side, passing
above the wing-sockets; the vitta often edged on its upper side with yellowish-white;
a very slender, black, dorsal line, often partially obsolete. Scutel glabrous, dark
brown. Poisers black, their pedicels white. Abdomen clothed with longish gray
hairs, black or dark brown, with two rows of whitish spots on each side; in the
males obscure white, the posterior margins of the segments black. Wings subhyaline.
with two blackish spots on the anterior margin, separated by a conspicuous glossy
yellowish-white spot; inner spot with a strong notch on its posterior side which is
formed by a yellowish-white dot, and a similar dot is placed on the inner side of
this spot; outer spot with an oblique yellowish-white band on its outer side, beyond
which, at the tip of the wing, is a slight blackish transverse spot. Under a magni-
fier, these spots are found to be produced by the colors of the scales upon the nerves
of the wings, which scales are regularly and beautifully dyed with black and
yellowish white, as follows: The posterior or anal nerve has black scales the last
half of its entire length, and also at its base: the next or interno-medial nerve,
which forks in its middle, is clothed throughout with black scales, including both
its branches: the next or externo-medial has black scales on the basal fourth of its
length, two broad annuli of black scales on its middle, another annulus at its fork,
and a fifth series at the tips of each of its branches; the next is clothed with black
scales through its entire length: the next is black where it first becomes plainly
visible in the middle of the wing, again for a short distance after the origin of the
preceding nerve, again for a considerable space at its fork, and again at the apex
of its posterior branch only: the costal and the marginal nerves have black scales
from their bases; these become much more dense at the black spots of the anterior
margin, and are replaced by yellowish scales only between these spots and beyond
the entire one. Legs black; femurs pale towards their bases; tips of femurs and of
tibiae whitish. Coxae pale.

The Winter Musketoe is met with in the last days of autumn and again for a
short time in the first days of spring, and specimens are occasionally found in any
of the winter months. It is a somewhat rare insect, which no one can fail to dis-
tinguish clearly by the marks on its wings as above described.

ANOPHELES PUNCTIPENNIS

1011

Original Description of Anopheles perplexens:

(Female.) — Head dark, with dark brown and white fork scales, the latter nearer
the vertex, and a heavy tuft of slender, long curved white scales projecting cephalad
between the eyes; antennae dark brown, verticels and pubescence dark, basal joint
brown; palpi dark, covered with dark brown scales, a small tuft of white hairs at
the very tip; proboscis dark with dark brown scales, tip testaceous; clypeus dark,
eyes brown.

Thorax: prothoracic lobes testaceous, with dark hairs; mesonotum with broad,
light median stripe, covered with white " frost," and white hairs arranged so as to
suggest a " part," a dark median line extending half way to the scutellum, and two
dark lateral bordering lines; more or less of a tuft of these hairs at the nape;
laterad the dorsum is dark brown, with dark brown hairs; pleura brown; scutellum
testaceous, "frosty," with brown bristles; metanotum dark brown.

Abdomen dark brown, with light hairs (no scales).

Legs: Coxae and trochanters light, mostly light scaled; femora ventrally light
scaled, and extreme tips of femora and tibiae ochraceous, remainder of legs dark
brown; ungues simple.

Wings clear, and rather heavily clothed with dark brown scales, except a few-
small ochraceous spots — one on the costa, just interior to a line drawn through the
junction of the branches of the fork cells, a second tiny spot at the junction of the
first long vein with the costa, extending a tiny bit on the long vein, and two very
small faint light spots on the forks of the fourth long vein, also a tiny fringe spot
at the distal end of the third long vein; halteres with light stems and fuscous knobs.

Length, 2.5-3 mm. Habitat, Camp Roosevelt, Mt. Gretna, Pa. Taken August 25,
1906.

This interesting species was sent by Capt. E. B. Whittemore, Asst. Surg. U. S.
Army, and, as will be seen from the description, bears a closer resemblance to
tropical Anophelina than to those so far reported from the U. S., but as the group
it most closely resembles has abdominal scales and rather broader wing-scales it
cannot be referred to it.

Description of Female, Male, Larva, Pupa, and Egg of Anopheles punctipennis:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, rather slender, slightly thickened basally,
smoothly scaled ; labellae long, lanceolate, luteons, with fine outstanding black
setae; vestiture black with a slight bluish reflection. Palpi about as long as the
proboscis, slender, uniform, somewhat roughened by raised elliptical scales
towards base, brownish-black, some short setse at tip. Antennae filiform; second
joint long and thickened, the others shorter, subequal, rugose, blackish, densely
pilose ; hairs of whorls sparse, short, black ; tori small, subspherical, with a cup-
shaped apical excavation, blackish without, rim luteous. Clypeus broad,
rounded triangular, blackish, nude. Ryes well separated on the vertex, black.
Occiput with a median groove, dark brown, densely clothed with erect, elongate
triangular scales, black behind and at the sides, creamy-white on the vertex, a
group of long white hair-like scales between the eyes and projecting forward : a
row of black setae along margins of eyes.

Prothoracic lobes lateral, prominent. Mesonotum narrow, elongate, blackish-
brown on the sides, a broad, median, longitudinal, light gray, strongly pruinose
stripe, marked with three impressed lines on anterior two-thirds, a short median
black line basally on antescutellar space; vestiture of scattered pale yellowish
hair-like scales, denser at anterior margin. Scutellum collar-like, grayish-
browrt, pruinose, an ill-defined median black stripe continuous with that on
mesonotum; sparsely clothed with pale hairs and with blackish marginal
bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown, pruinose, nude. Pleura'
variegated in blackish, gray pruinose, and whitish, with a few fine hairs; coxa>
luteous.

Abdomen subcylindrical, depressed, truncate at tip, brownish-black, gray at
bases of segments ; dorsal vestiture of rather long, fine pale hairs arising from
very small black punctures.

Wings (plate 41, fig. 7) moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell
much shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell about equal to its cell :
basal cross-vein distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein ; outstand-
ing scales of veins rather narrowly lanceolate, dense, black and yellowish-white,
the black predominating, the white disposed as follows: a large patch of white

1012

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

scales at outer third of costa involving first and second veins, a small patch
involving the same veins close to apex of wing, a small patch of pale scales on
each branch of second vein; fourth vein with two pale spots on stem and one
on each fork ; sixth vein with a long patch of pale scales in the middle. Halteres
whitish, with brown knobs.

Legs long and slender; brownish-black, tips of femora and tibia? narrowly
whitish. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

Male. — Proboscis slender, straight, black-scaled. Palpi slightly longer than
the proboscis ; last two joints short, swollen, club-shaped, with dense, long brown-
ish hairs; vestiture dark throughout. Antennae plumose; last two joints long
and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the others shorter, subequal, pale, with black
basal rings ; hairs of whorls long, dense, brown, with silky luster. Coloration as
in the female. Abdomen long, depressed, somewhat narrowed near base, gray
pruinose ; lateral ciliation long and abundant, pale yellowish. Wings narrower
than in the female, the stems of the fork-cells longer, the vestiture sparser.
Claw formula, 2-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 40, fig. 268) : Side-pieces about twice as long as wide,
conical, bearing a long stout spine at middle of inner margin, at base a pair of
stout spines inserted on low tubercles, a pair of unequal spines arising from a
detached conical piece. Clasp-filament longer than side-piece, slender, slightly
enlarged at base and apex, with a small and stout articulated terminal spine.
Basal appendages large, leaf-like. Unci slender, columnar, bearing two tufts
of long spines which project at right angles.

Larva, Stage IV (see the figure of the entire larva, plate 84). — Head
rounded, elongate, longer than wide, bulging at sides, front conically produced ;
both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single but numerously branched, in a line between
antenna?, a smaller hair at base of antennae ; two long approximate seta? on the
front margin. Antennas subcylindrical, slightly tapered, spined on one side ;
a tuft of four hairs at basal third ; two long dentate articulated terminal
processes, one short one and a small hair-tuft. Eyes large, pointed. Mental
plate small, narrow, with a median tooth and four on each side, first and second
subequal, well spaced, third distant, fourth small. Mandible quadrangular,
convex without; seven large branched hairs on dorsal aspect in a group, two
smaller ones near them; two pairs of flat appendages near tip; an outer row
of cilia ; terminal dentition of twelve teeth, the upper three projected, bearing
the fourth, fifth, and sixth on the lower declivity; two filaments above, three
large ones within, a square finely dentate process below ; a thick process at end
of dentition, another at base, between these a dense row of seta?, the central ones
longest. Maxilla rounded rectangular, palpus attached by a narrow constric-
tion ; numerous short seta? and spines on inner aspect ; palpus with round pro-
jecting base, dendritic tuft without, terminally five digits and two flattened
appendages. Thorax rounded quadrate, about as long as wide; hairs short,
consisting of branched hairs, single hairs and tufts, the mesothorax sparsely
haired. Abdomen stout, anterior segments shorter ; long, feathered lateral
hairs on the first three segments, double on the first and second, single on third ;
posterior hairs small, smooth ; a dorsal series of six pairs of fan-shaped tufts on
second to seventh segments (plate 130, fig. 451), the first pair small, the others
well developed ; elements of tufts bluntly notched towards tips. Air-tube sessile,
subquadrate, roundedly angled posteriorly. Lateral plates of eighth segment
posteriorly with a series of spines, longer and shorter ones irregularly arranged.
Anal segment about as long as wide, with a small dorsal plate ; dorsal brush a
long and a short tuft on each side ; a single long lateral hair below plate ; ven-
tral brush well developed, of long branched tufts ; anal gills moderate, about as
long as the segment, bluntly pointed.

ANOPHELES PUNCTIPENNIS

1013

Pupa (plate 150, fig. 709). — Cephalothoracic mass subpyriform, the hairs
small and few ; air-tubes short, funnel-shaped, notched on one side. Abdomen
stout, thick, the distal segments depressed; hairs abundant but short, each
segment with a short stout pointed spine at apical angles; anal paddles long,
with a terminal seta.

Egg (plate 147, figs. 693, 694 *) .—Elongate fusiform, reticulate ventrally,
finely granular dorsally ; floats large, extending nearly to apices, closely approxi-
mated medianly on dorsal surface, arcuately produced at sides to apical fourth*,
widely separated on ventral surface and showing only on middle third of sides.

The eggs are laid singly or in small groups upon the surface of water. The
larva? are found in all sorts of water in ground-pools and streams and occasion-
ally in artificial receptacles. The larvaa are found all the season, breeding being
continuous until winter. The larvae occur most commonly in swamps containing
algae, but also in springs along the edges of streams and in rain puddles or even
artificial receptacles. Where very abundant they occur in almost any water.
Larva? have been found repeatedly and in numbers in rain-puddles, the water
muddy and without trace of algal growth ; rearings from these larvae gave ex-
clusively A. punctipennis. Associated with this species, the larva; of A. quad-
rimaculatus frequently occur, although usually in distinctly lesser numbers.
Jordan and Hefferan, in Michigan, found that the two species segregated accord-
ing to character of breeding-places, spring-fed pools being inhabited exclusively
by Anopheles punctipennis, while in the river, only a few feet away, the other
species was abundant. The females bite at dusk, seldom by day, and they are
less aggressive than other species. The female hibernates. Mr. Knab has
observed the mating habits of the adults and his description of them will be
found in the first volume, pages 126-128, of this work.

Southern Canada. United States and southward to central Mexico.

Ottawa, Ontario, August 16. 1900 (A. Gibson) : Weld. Maine, August. 1910
(H. G. Dyar) : Plattsburg, New York, August 9, 1901 (H. G. Dyar) ; Center
Harbor. New Hampshire. July 17, 1902 (H. G. Dyar) ; Durham, New Hamp-
shire (C. M. Weed) ; Dublin, New Hampshire (A. Busck) ; Monadnock, New
Hampshire, May 1, 1911 (A. H. Thayer) ; West Springfield, Massachusetts,
May 14. 1903 (F. Knab); Granby, Massachusetts, September 15, 1903 (P.
Knab) ; Chicopee. Massachusetts, September 23, 1903 (P. Knab) ; Ithaca, New
York, August, September, 1901 (O. A. Johannsen) ; Bellport, New York (H.
G. Dyar) ; West Fairview, Pennsylvania, August 18, 1900 (H. G. Bashore) ;
Danville, Pennsylvania, October 25, 1901 (G. B. M. Free) ; Delair, New Jersey.
August 20, 1901 (W. P. Seal) ; Jackson's Island, Maryland, July 29 (H. S.
Barber) : Plummer's Island, Maryland, November 9, 1902 (W. V. Warner) ;
Washington, District of Columbia, April 24, 1907 (O. Heidemann), October
5, 1911 (H. G. Dyar) ; Huntington, West Virginia, November 11, 1902 (A. D.
Hopkins) ; St. Elmo. Virginia, May 12 (F. C. Pratt) ; Difficult Run, Virginia,
July 11, 1906 (Knab & Barber) ; Glencarlyn, Virginia, May 3, 1903 (W. V.
Warner) ; Greensboro, North Carolina, August, 1901 (F. C. Pratt) ; Hender-
sonville. North Carolina, March 24, 1913 (W. B. W. Howe) ; Henderson
County, North Carolina, October 7, 1901 (J. C. Coker) ; Spartanburg, South

Carolina, September 21, 1906 ( Moore) ; Atlanta, Georgia, September 5,

1902 (C. A. Smith) ; Corinth, Mississippi, August 14. 1904* (H. S. Barber) :
Agricultural College, Mississippi, October 31, 1900 (G. W. Herrick) ; St.
Louis, Misso;iri, October 4, 1904 (A. Busck) ; Scott, Pulaski County, Arkansas,
September 24, 1909 (J. K. Thibault, Jr.) ; Urbana, Illinois, August 8, 1904
(F. Knab) ; Athens. Tennessee, August 21, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Columbia.
Tennessee, August 16, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Corbin, Kentucky, August 29,

1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Georgetown, Kentucky, August 26, 1904 (H. S. Barber) :
Onaga, Kansas. October 8 (F. F. Crevecoeur) ; Dallas. Texas, September 14,

1905 (W. E. Hinds) ; Kerrville. Texas, April 11, 1907 (F. C. Pratt) ; Devil's
River, Texas, May 6, 1907 (F. O. Pratt) ; Paris, Texas, April 26, 1904 (C. T.

* Figure 60.'! represents the ventral aspect of the egg, figure 694 the dorsal aspect, contrarily
to the statement on the plate.

1014

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Brues) ; Denison, Texas, June 22, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Nanaimo, British
Columbia, Aug-ust 6, 1906 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Duncans, British Columbia,
August 9, 1906 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Wellington, British Columbia, August 7,
1906 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Portland, Oregon, July 30, 1906 (Dyar and Cau-
dell) ; Ashford, Washington, August 5, 1906 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Chico, Cali-
fornia, July 13, 1906 (Dyar & Caudell) ; Stanford University, California (I.
McCracken) ; Sweetwater Junction, California, June 2, 1906 (Dyar and Cau-
dell) ; Leon, State of Guanajuato, Mexico (A. Duges). Beported also from
Chicago, Illinois, and Eastmanville, Michigan (Jordan & Hefferan) ; St. John,
New Brunswick (Coquillett MSS.).

Anopheles punctipennis varies considerably in the extent and clearness of
the pale scaling on the wings. Dark specimens sometimes have the minor spots
much obscured and it was such a specimen that Ludlow described under the
name perplexcns. One of us has examined the type and found that all the spots
exist in their characteristic locations, although some of them are much obscured.
We have seen such specimens from widely separated localities, so that they do
not even represent a local race but are merely an extreme in the ordinary line
of variation.

Theobald reports Anopheles punctipennis from Port Antonio, Jamaica,
where, he says, it is seemingly rare, and has probably been introduced, as it does
not appear to occur elsewhere in the island (Mosq. or Culic. of Jamaica, 12,
1905). We have never received this species from the West Indies and do not
believe it occurs there. Dr. Grabham, in response to a query, writes us as
follows :

" The specimen from Port Antonio taken by Dr. Mosely, which was said to be
A. punctipennis Say by Theobald, was sent through me. It was mounted in
balsam and very much rubbed and broken. It is quite likely that Theobald
has made an error."

The species is listed by Prout as a Jamaican species (Ann. Trop. Med. &
Paras., iii, 487, 1909), but his information was furnished by Newstead, who
copied from the paper of Theobald.

There is also an earlier Jamaican record by Howard (1900, p. 44), based
upon a specimen taken by C. W. Johnson. This specimen, unfortunately, ap-
pears to have been lost, but as the determination was made by Coquillett at a
time when he had no knowledge of the tropical species, no dependence can be
placed upon it. In conclusion it should be noted that the species has not been
recorded from Cuba, nor even Florida, territory in which it would be almost sure
to occur if present in Jamaica.

ANOPHELES PSEUDOPUNCTIPENNIS Theobald.

Anopheles punctipennis Howard (in part, not Say), U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent, Bull.

25, n. s., 44, 1900.
Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Theobald, Mon. Culic, ii, 305, 1901.
Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 323, 1902.
Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Needham & Cockerell, Psyche, x, 135, 1903.
Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Parker, Beyer & Pothier, Bull. 13, Yell. Fever Inst.,

U. S. Publ. Health & Mar.-Hosp. Serv., 38, 39, 1903.
Anopheles franciscanus McCracken, Ent. News, xv, 12, 1904.
Anopheles franciscanus Giles, Revis. Anophelinse, 20, 25, 1904.
Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Giles, Revis. Anophelinse, 20, 1904.
Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Adams, Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull., ii, 433, 1904.
Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 169, 1905.
Anopheles pseudovunctipennis and franciscanus Theobald, Gen. Ins., Dipt., 26 fasc,

7, 1905.

Anopheles franciscanus Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 449, 1905.

Anopheles franciscanus Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xiii, 23, 1905.

Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xiv, 177, 1906.

Anopheles franciscanus Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 176, 1906.

ANOPHELES PSEUDOPUNCTIPENNIS

1015

Anopheles pseudopunctipennis and franciscanus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur.

Ent, Tech. Ser. 11, 12, 1906.
Anopheles franciscanus Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Circ. 72, 1, 1906.
Anopheles franciscanus Quayle, Bull. 178, Agr. Exp. Sta., Berkeley, Cal., 52, 1906.
Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 25, 1907.
Anopheles franciscanus Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 31, 1907.
Anopheles franciscanus Howard, Osier's Modern Medicine, i, 383, 386, 1907.
Anopheles franciscanus Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxii, 122, 1907.
Anopheles peruvianus Tamayo & Garcia, Los Aguas de Huacachina, Mem. Muncipal.

Lima, App-, 35, 1907.

Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Busck, Smiths. Misc. Colls., quart, iss., Hi, 57, 1908.
Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 7, 1910.
Anopheles franciscanus Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 8, 1910.

Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Darling, Stud. Rel. Malaria, Isthm. Canal Comm., 7,
1910.

Anopheles franciscanus Darling, Stud. Rel. Malaria, Isthm. Canal Comm., 8, 1910.
Proterorhynchus argentinus Brethes, Bol. Inst. Ent. y Patol. Veget, i, 15, 1912.
Anopheles tucumanus Lahille, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buen. Aires, xxiii, 253, 1912.
Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Jennings, Journ. Econ. Ent., v, 134, 1912.
Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Knab, Amer. Jcurn. Trop. Dis. & Prev. Med., i, 36, -10,
41, 1913.

Anopheles pseudopunvtipennis Knab, Rept. First Exp. So. Amer., Harvard Sell. Trop.
Med., 212, 216, 1915.

Original Description of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis:

Wings much as in A. punctipennis, Say, but the fringe with yellow spots. Legs
long, unbanded, brown, pale at the base. Fore ungues of d unequal, mid and hind
equal and simple.

J. Antennae brown, basal joint testaceous, base of the second joint pale, and also
a small pale band at the base of all the following joints; proboscis dark brown,
labella yellowish ; palpi dark brown, densely scaled at the base, apex yellow, and also
two narrow yellow bands below, slightly hairy, hairs black, except at the apex, where
they are yellow; clypeus dark brown.

Thorax yellowish-brown (denuded), with a dark patch on each side of the nieso-
notum behind; metanotum deep brown; pleurae yellowish-brown, with darker brown
patches.

Abdomen brown, the segments paler at the base; hairy.

Legs deep brown; coxse, trochanters and base of femora pallid; knee spot pale;
ungues equal and simple.

Halteres with pale stem and fuscous knob.

Wings with two yellowish-white spots on the upper costal border, rest of the edge
black, rather densely scaled; first sub-marginal cell longer and narrower than the
second posterior cell, its stem nearly as long as the cell; mid cross-vein a little
nearer the base of the wing than the supernumerary cross-vein; posterior cross-
vein still nearer the base of the wing; scales of the wings disposed as follows: —
First long vein with three distinct large white spots, one at the base, one underneath
the large costal spot, and one between; second long vein with a dark patch near
its base, all the lower branch of the fork-cell dark, and most of the upper; third
long vein mostly yellowish-white, with two black patches, one towards the base, the
other towards the tip; fourth long vein mostly pale, with two small black patches,
branches of the fork-cell all dark scaled; fifth long vein with a black spot near the
base, rest mostly yellow, upper branch of the fork mostly dark, a small yellow spot at
the apex and another towards its base, lower branch mostly yellowish, with a black
apical spot; sixth vein with the basal half creamy, the apical half dark, except a
small yellow patch where it joins the wing border; fringe brown, with a yellow
spot at the junction of each vein.

Length. — 5 mm.

J. Last two joints of the palpi swollen and clavate, pale, basal joints dark brown,
densely scaled with deep brown scales, with a narrow pale band, not quite as long
as the thin proboscis, which is brown, with yellow labellae; antennae grey, with
narrow brown bands and flaxen brown hairs, the apical joint about half the length
of the penultimate joint; basal lobe of the genitalia simple, claspers long and thin;
fore ungues unequal, the larger one uniserrated, the smaller minute and simple;
mid and hind ungues small, equal and simple.

Wings much as in the but the fork-cells shorter.

Length.— 5 mm., with proboscis 7.5 mm.

Habitat. — Grenada (Dr. Hatton, per Dr. Daniels).

Time of capture. — February.

Observations. — Very like A. punctipennis, Say, but can at once be told by the
wing fringe being spotted at the apex of each nerve, and by the marking of the
sixth long vein. The description is drawn up from two specimens in balsam, so

1016

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

that the scale structure is not evident. It is so very distinct, however, that it can
easily be identified by the characters given above.

Original Description of Anopheles franciscanus :

Male_ — Head dark brown, with short, dark, erect scales toward the nape, emargi-
nate and slightly forked, vertex and anterior part of occiput with short, light brown
scales not forked, a tuft of light brown hairs projecting forward between the eyes,
a row of similar hairs projecting forward, encircling the eyes posteriorly; eyes
deep purplish brown; antennae about two-thirds length of palpi, yellowish-brown
hairs, basal joint dark brown; palpi equalling proboscis in length with emarginate
scales from base to tip on under and outer surfaces, those upon outer surface dark,
upon under surface light, long light hairs covering distal third, becoming short
and stout at the apex; a light area at base of three distal segments, giving a slightly
banded appearance; two distal joints spatulate, proboscis scaled except labella,
labella covered with medium stout setae, a few light hairs at apex.

Thorax; prothorax lobes dark; mesothorax dark brown at the sides, with
scattered light hairs, a broad light brown patch in the middle; within this light
area a median line and obscure lateral lines; scutellum light with single horizontal
row of hairs; metanotum dark without hairs; halteres dark, covered with thick
pubescence and emarginate scales; stalks light without scales.

Abdomen, basal area of each segment light, covered sparingly with long, light
hairs; two stiff hairs on posterior margin of distal segment, stout hairs on margin
of genital lobes.

Legs, coxa and trochanter light; trochanters, femora, tibiae and tarsi covered
with short, dark, emarginate scales and setae; ungues of front legs very unequal,
the larger one with a large median tooth and a smaller basal lobe; middle ungues
curved, with blunt basal lobes; posterior ungues equal, simple; posterior metatarsus
slightly longer than tibia.

Wings with dark costa, with two distinct, nearly equal, yellow spots — one at
distal end of sub-costal vein, one at and involving distal end of first long vein;
fringe dark, with a yellow spot at the end of each vein except at the end of the
sixth; the first spot carried on to the first long vein, the apical spot carried past
over long vein on to the upper branch of the second long vein; the second long
vein dark except for a few basal light scales; third long vein yellow in the middle,
dark at the base and apex; light area at base of third long vein carried over the
fourth on to the upper branch of the fifth, with a few light scales at base; main
branch of fifth long vein light, except at base and apex; distal half of sixth long
vein dark, except at apex, basal half light; sub-costal with a light spot carried to the
first long vein; (in one specimen the light spot on sub-costal missing) ; third long
vein prolonged slightly into the basal cell; first sub-marginal cell longer and
slightly narrower than second posterior cell, stem twice the length of the cell; stem
of second posterior cell prolonged to base of wing; supernumerary cross vein
adjacent to or but very shortly removed from mid cross-vein and equal to it in
length when removed nearer to apex of wing; posterior cross-vein a little longer
than mid cross-vein and varying in distance from it from one-half to almost twice
its own length; third long vein prolonged slightly into the basal cell, darkest
scales on costal, sub-costal and first long veins.

Palpi of the female equalling proboscis in length, light area at base of three
distal segments, giving a banded appearance, clothed with scales, short hairs and
setae as in male, distal joints not spatulate; legs with the ungues equal; otherwise
agreeing with the male.

Original Description of Anopheles perlvianus:

Cabeza. — de color general negro, salvo en las regiones post-ocular e inter-ocular:
cubierta de pelos blancos y escamas en tornillo y en hoz, que entre los ojos fornan
un haz espeso de elementos proyectados hacia adelante. Los hordes posteriores de
los ojos, hacia las partes laterales, estan ornados de pelos negros y una multiple
serie de escamas en tornillo y en hoz de color pardo muy oscuro.

Ojos negros.

Antenas claras, de color pardo, amarillentas en ciertas incidencias de la luz, muy
finas, con sedas y pelos negros. Los primeros articulos son menos oscuros que los
ultimos, cuya coloracion es casi negra. Pieza de implantacion ligeramente mas
oscura que el primer artlculo, ornada de varias escamas amarillentas, en raqueta.

Palpas muy oscuras, casi negras, un poco mas cortas que la trompa, con cuatro
articulos, subpenicilares, el ultimo de los cuales adelgazado y de color bianco amari-
llento. Estan en su totalidad cubiertos de escamas filiformes, negras, mucho mas
maicadas en los articulos proximales. Las extremidades apicales de los apendices
son ligeramente mas claras que el resto, y en el ultimo, la zona clara ocupa mas la
mitad del articulo.

Trompa casi negra; la oliva terminal de color ligeramente amarillento, cubierta
de pelos cortos negros. Longitud, 2 mm. 3.

ANOPHELES PSEI DOPUNCTIPENNIS

1017

Torax. — Segmento medio de color bianco, ligeramente amarillento, con tres Hneas
de ornamentacion caracteristicas (v. figura), poco marcadas en la hembra.
Flancos de color claro, vellosos.

Abdomen. — Pardo muy oscuro, casi negro, ligeramente mas claro hacia la extre-
midad apical de los segmentos.

Miembros. — Patas negras, femur ligeramente manchado con zonas vagas blancas,
mas perceptibles en las patas medias; pequeiias zonas claras al nivel de las articula-
ciones, a expensas de la base de los segmentos del tarso, que en su totalidad esta
cubierto de escamas muy oscuras.

Formula ungueal — 00.00.00. — Grifos muy oscuros de igual longitud.

Alas. — Las nervaduras cubiertas de escamas que, por su acumulacion, determinan
manchas as! dispuestas. la costal se muestra de color negro en los dos tercios
internos de su longitud, a partir de la insercion alar, interrumpiendose la coloracion
negra al nivel de la union de los dos tercios internos con el tercio externo, precisa-
mente en el punto donde la sub-costal se une a la costal. All! las escamas, cambiando
de color y haciendose blanco-amarillentas, de negras que eran, forman una mancha
clara de 0 mm. 5, despues de la cual continua la coloracion negra hasta la extremidad
del ala. La coloracion negra intensa de la nervadura costal, sumada a las manchas
que presentan las nervaduras sub-costal y mediastina, dan lugar a tres manchas
marginales, la primera de las cuales, de menor tamafio y de forma linear, se inicia a
1 mm. 5 a partir del punto de insercion alar, y no comprende en realidad, sino las
nervaduras sub-costal y mediastina, mientras que esta perceptiblemente separada
de la nervadura costal por un espacio linear claro. La segunda mancha, mediana,
es, por su longitud, intermedia entre las otras dos, pero es mas ancha que todas
ellas, llegando, en esta, como en la ultima, el acumulo de escamas negras hasta el
nivel de la costal, no estando asi interrumpida la mancha por el espacio lineal que
hemos citado en el anterior. La extremidad externa de esta mancha esta, en el
macho cortada en bisel agudo hacia abajo y adentro, mientras que en la hembra el
bisel es apenas pronunciado.

La tercera mancha, distal 6 ultima, de mayor longitud que las otras, ocupa la
extremidad del ala y comprende la ultima porcion de la costal y de la primera longi-
tudinal, que, convergiendo sobre la anterior, se une en ella en angulo muy agudo,
poco antes de cuyo vertice termina la mancha. Esta comienza bruscamente hacia
adentro por el cambio subito de color de las escamas, que cubren abundantemente las
dos nervaduras antes anotadas y terminan del mismo modo; en efecto, el vertice de
convergencia de las dos nervaduras esta cubierto de escamas de color blanco-amari-
llento, constituyendo una pequena mancha clara apical.

Otras dos manchas de menor entidad ocupan, una, la tercera nervadura, inmedia-
tamente por debajo de la primera mancha clara marginal, y la otra, muy pequena y
no constante, en la quinta longitudinal, en el punto donde la transversa media se une
a ella; a este nivel la mancha esta interrumpida por un menor acumulo de escamas,
que corresponde exactamente al pie de la nervadura transversa 6 mediana, que
divide as! la manchita que senalamos, en dos porciones diferentes.

El ala, en general, tiene un color bianco amarrillo con irisacion.

Macho

En general es ligeramente mas claro que la hembra.

Cabeza. — Las regiones post e interocular cubiertas de pelo de color bianco
argentino.

Antenas. — Plumosas, con pelos de color amarillo parduzco. Los dos ultimos
artlculos, son adornados de pelos cortos y cortas escamas oscuras, son muy largos
especialmente el primero, cuya extremidad distal, adelgazada tiene una coloracion
blanquizca, que continua en una pequena extension de la extremidad proximal del
artlculo siguiente.

Los otros artlculos presentan, ademas de los verticilos de largos pelos implantados
al nivel de las articulaciones, pelos pubescentes que adornan casi la totalidad del
artfculo, a excepcion de una pequena zona transversal de color claro, situada inme-
diatamente por encima del verticilo y de la zona muy oscura y muy rica en pelos
pubescentes negros, que marca el sitio de este verticilo.

Palpas maxilares. — Son en longitud, sensiblemente iguales a la trompa y en
algunos ejemplares la desbordan ligeramente. Los dos ultimos artlculos son clavi-
formes, de color amarillento, mas oscuro que en la hembra; estando marcada la
articulacion que los separa por un semianillo de color negro que abraza, trans-
versalmente los 3/4 de la extremidad distal del peniiltimo articulo, quedando solo
libre el 1/4 dorsal.

Al nivel de la union de este articulo con el primero hay un haz de pelos muy
largos distribuidos en la mitad ventral de la articulacion y sobre el primer articulo.

La base de las palpas esta cubierta de escamas alargadas muy oscuras, que le dan
una coloracion mas marcada que los articulos terminales.

Trompa. — Muy oscura cubierta en la base de escamas alargadas muy negras.

Torax. — Mas bianco que en la hembra y con la ornamentacion linear mas marcada.

Balancines En ambos sexos de color pardo oscuro, adornados de algunas escamas
oscuras en la extremidad ensanchada.
65

1018

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Abdomen. — Armadura genital de forma caracteristica, con ganchos muy desa-
rrollados.

Formula ungueal. —

Epoca de captura. — En Huacachina: larvas, ninfas y raros insectos perfectos en
el mes de julio de 1906. En San Pedro de Lloc en el mes de febrero de 1904. En
Lima y sus alrededores, principalmente en Verano y Otono. En Chanchamayo en
enero y febrero de 1907 (probablemente todo el ano).

Glasificacidn. — Esta especie ha sido considerada en el genero Anopheles, obstantes
los haces que presentan lateralmente los segmentos medios del abdomen en la larva
que haria pensar en el g6nero nyssornychus de Blanchard 6 Laveriana Theobald,
fundandonos: 1? que estos haces de escamas no existen en el imago en ninguno de
los ejemplares que cuidadosamente hemos observado; 2°, en que las palpas maxilares
no son densamente escamosas y 3?, en que las patas no presentan las manchas y
anillos blancos propios de los Nyssorhynchus.*

Cabe preguntar aqui si esta especie, que marca el lazo de union entre los generos
Anopheles y Nyssorhynchus, siendo intermediaria entre ambas, debe servir para
constituir un nuevo genero 6 asimilarse, como lo hemos hecho, aquel de los generos
ya establecidos que le sea mas semejante. Cremos que no hay derecho para el
establecimiento de un nuevo genero simplemente caracterizado por la existencia de
los haces de escamas en el abdomen de las larvas.

* Gastlaburu tambign la considera como especie distinta, habiendo propuesto para designarla
el nombre de anofeles multlmaculaties. que no lo ha conservado en la descripeion que de ella hace
en su tesis.

Original Descbiption of Proterorhynchus argentinus:

$ Piceo-testaceus ; thorace supra longitrorsum ample griseus, utrinque longi-
trorsum obscure piceus, e squamis auratis, antice maniculo albo ornato; capite
nigro-squamato, in medio albescente-squamato ; palpis nigro-squamatis, articulis imo
apice albo-etiamque articulo ultimo toto albo-squamatis ; proboscide palpis aeque-
longa, picea; abdomine haud appresse aurato-piloso ; alis hyalinis, costa fusco-3-
maculata, squamis elongato-lanceolatis ; squamis albis sunt: in costa tertio apicali
et vix ante apicem; vena subcostali bis; la. longitudinali quater; 2a. lo?igitudinali
a basi et rama superiore ante apicem; 3a. longitudinali in medio late et basi; 4a.
longitudinali in medio paulum; 5a. pedicello vix toto, rama superiore prope basin,
rama postica tota, apice excepto; 6a. longitudinali dimidio basali; margine alarum
ad apicem venarum; pedibus piceis, haud albo-annulatis. Long, (proboscide ex-
cepta) : 6 mm.

A J differt: antennis plumosis, palpis articulis 2 ultimis incrassatis, pedibus
anticis unguibus inaequalibus : una magna, subtus unidentata, altera minuta.

2 De un color de pez claro; el t6rax por arriba tiene una ancha y larga faja gris,
interrumpida un poco despues del medio por una linea obscura; en los lados el
torax tiene una faja obscura bien caracteristica ; el dorso del t6rax tiene una que
otra escama piliforme y dorada y en su borde anterior un mech6n de escamas
blanquizcas. La cabeza tiene escamas negras en tornillo y en la linea mediana tiene
escamas blancas que se alargan sin tener sin embargo la forma de pelos; uno que
otro pelo esparcidos entre las escamas. Los palpos son negros y le extremidad de
cada articulo y el ultimo entero tienen escamas blancas; la trompa es tan larga
como los palpos, picea. El abdomen tiene solamente pelos no muy densos y de color
dorado. Las alas son hialinas con tres o cuatro manchas; las escamas son lanceolo-
alargadas; hay grupos de escamas blancas en: la costa, en su tercio apical y cerca
de la extremidad; la vena subcostal, dos veces; la. longitudinal, 4 veces; 2a. longi-
tudinal en la base y en la rama superior antes de la extremidad; 3a. longitudinal, en
el medio y en la base; la cuarta longitudinal un poco en el medio; la quinta, el
pedicelo casi todo, en la rama superior cerca de la base y en la rama posterior,
excepto en la extremidad; la sexta longitudinal en su mitad basal; el borde alar en
la extremidad de las venas; los pies son negruzcos sin anillos claros; largo (sin
trompa) : 6 mm.

El macho diftere de la hembra por las antenas plumosas, los dos ultimos articu-
los de los palpos engrosados; los pies anteriores con una una grande, provista de un
diente por debajo y otra una diminuta, simple.

El Museo Nacional posee une serie de estos Anophelinos; pero como vinieron
en alcohol, se encuentran muy estropeados; uno que otro y sobre todo una 5» Que me
ha cedido galantemente el Doctor Don F. Lahille, y una segunda 5 que amable-
mente me mandd de Tucuman el Ingeniero Agronomo, Sr. Don Juan J. Chavanne,
me han permitido dar la descripeion completa de la especie.

Ed esta especie, a no dudarlo, la causante del chucho en las provincias del Norte
Tucuman, Salta, Jujuy y Santiago del Estero.

Original Description of Anopheles tucumanus:

La cabeza es oscura y presenta alrededor de los ojos unas cerdas negras, curvas,
dlrigidas hacia adelante En el vertice se notan escamas de un color bianco que van

ANOPHELES PSEtTDOPUNCTIPENNIS

1019

transformandose poco a poco hacia adelante y entre los ojos en escamas piliformes.
De ambos lados de las escamas blancas se ve atras de la cabeza escamas negras.

Los ojos estan rodeados, en su parte superior, de una linea blanca muy Una, que
no hay que confundir con el reflejo brillante de la ultima hilera de ommatos.

Los palpos maxilares son de un marron muy oscuro, asi como la trompa, pero la
labela y sobre todo el ultimo artejo de los palpos maxilares son de un color leonado.

Al nivel de las articulaciones distales de estos palpos se nota unos pocos pelos,
leonados tambien, pero estos no llegan a formar verdaderos anillos.

El cuadro siguiente indica el largo absoluto y centesimal de los cinco artejos
de los palpos. El largo total de estos es de 2,7 mm, casi igual al largo del t6rax y
cabeza reunidos (2,5 mm).

En cuanto al abdomen, su largo es de 3,5 mm.

Palpo maxilar

Medida absohita

Medida

%

Palpito

it, (proximal)

250 p

9

*"2

700 n

25

1000 ft

36

"4

550 /i

20

""5

270 n

10

Largo total

2770

100

El escudo toracico 6 mesonotum, presenta lateralmente dos fajas anchas, de un
negro aterciopelado. Arriba su color es de un gris verdoso adornado de dos fajas
morenas, encorvadas, muy distintas en la parte anterior.

El medio del t6rax esta marcado por una llnea longitudinal cuya visibilidad varia
mucho segun la incidencia de la luz. Se ensancha un poco atras prolongandose
sobre el escutelo y dibuja all! una mancha negruzca. Los lobulos protoraxicos no
son mameloneos.

Todo el torax asi como el escutelo esta revestido de pelos curvos que parecen
dorados a la luz. Son muy cortos encima del torax y largos sobre los costados. En
la parte anterior y media del meso torax existe un manojo de escamas piliformes
blancas. Las antenas son de un color marron y presentan ademas de los pelos largos
verticilados, un revestimiento bastante denso de pelos finos y cortos. El abdomen
cilindrico, negro, sin ninguna escama propiamente dicha, esta adornado de pelos
largos que parecen dorados cuando se miran a una luz fuerte.

Las alas, de un largo de 5 mm, son hialinas, salvo en los tres puntos en que
existen las escamas mas negras. AIM son levemente ahumadas; tienen una nerva-
dura costal negra interrumpida por una sola mancha amarilla dorada, situada a la
altura del origen de la horquilla superior. Todas las escamas son largas y lanceo-
ladas.

El dibujo adjunto indica ademas mejor que cualquier descripci6n la forma de
estas escamas y la disposicion de las zonas negras y amarillas de las alas y del flejo.

Las escamas alares representan sobre todo el adorno de estos organos, pero las
nervaduras constituyen su armazon caracterfstico. Por lo tanto, creo que si bien las
escamas proporcionan a la sistematica facilidades para las determinaciones, es
bueno tambien tener en cuenta la estructura mas fntima del ala y expresar el valor
ceniesimal de las medidas mas importantes que la caracterizan.

En mi trabajo de 1904 (Notes sur la classification des moustiques), indiqu6 en la
figura 3, las medidas que conviene calcular, en proyeccion sobre una llnea paralela
a la nervadura costal, para expresar estos valores numericos. El esquema adjunto
que representa un ala de Anopheles tucumanus $ las recuerda.

Aplicando este procedimiento a dicha especie, si representamos por (L) el largo
total del ala, contado desde su punta hasta la union del lobulo basilar (LB) con el

lobulo articular (LA) obtendremos los resultados siguientes:

L, largo total 100

H, ancho maximo 25,9

fs, vertice de la horquilla pequena superior 27,8

fi, " " " " inferior 23,1

12, unifin de la 2a. longitudinal inferior con el borde alar 45,7

L„ " " " " superior " " " 38,1

Tm, union de la axial con la transversal media, superior e inferior 43,8

Ti, " transversal inferior con la 4». longitudinal inferior 47,1

Ts, " " " superior " 3a. " superior 58,5

Fi, vertice de la horquilla grande inferior 59,4

1020

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Para hacer resaltar las medidas de los puntos simetricos 6 correspondientes se
podria adoptar la disposicion siguiente, suprimiendo los decimales por ser ilusoria
tal precision en medidas que tienen que variar forzosamente, entre ciertos li'mites
a determinar en cada caso:

L-Ts-Tni-L2-fs 100- 58-44 -38 -28

H - Fi - Ti - 11 - f i 26 - 59 - 47 - 46 - 23 Ala de A- tucumanus $

Formula

Agregare de paso que las antenas del mismo ejemplar median 3mm7 de largo y sus
artejos 6 antenitos tenlan estas dimensiones:

a, 0 mm 11 a6 hasta a,, 0,28

a2 0,33 a12 0,20

a3 0,22 a13 0,27

a4 y a3 0,25 aH 0,30

Las patas del primer par tenlan un largo total de llmm7; las del segundo 13mm8
y las del tercer 16mm7.

Los balancines del A. tucumanus son de color bianco y su dilatacion terminal es
negra.

Las patas tienen un color uniforme moreno negrusco con algunos pelos de color
leonado en las articulaciones, pero no hay rastros de anillos blancos.

La coxa y el trocanter de los pares de patas 2 y 3, son transparentes casi hilianos;
los de las patas primeras presentan en su cara anterior pelos oscuros.

El cuadro adjunto da las dimensiones de los artejos de los tres pares de patas.
Las unas como de costumbre, en este genero Anopheles, son simples y relativamente
cortas.

Artejos.

Protopodito . . .
p, (coxa)

Deutopodito . .
p.2 (Trochanter)

Tritopodito . . .
p3 (femur) ....

Tetrapodito . . .
p4 (tibia)

Pentapodito. . .
p5 (metatarso)

Hexapodito . . .
p6 d tarsiano) .

Heptapodito . .
p7 (2 tarsiano)

Ennapodito . . .
p8 (3 tarsiano) .

Decapodito . . .
p10 (4 tarsiano)

Onicliopodito. .
Larq;o total . . .

Patas

1" Par (P2)

■2' Pat (P..)

3" (P3)

0,2

0,2

0,2

0,2

0,1

0,1

2,2

2,5

2,7

2,6

2,7

2,8

1,9

2,1

3,4

0,8

0,9

2,2

0,5

0,6

1,1

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,2

0,2

0,3

0,5

0,5

0,05

8,82 mm

9,75 mm

13,35 mm

Description of Female, Male, and Larva of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, rather slender and smoothly scaled, uniform,
labellse long, lanceolate, luteous, with fine outstanding black setaa; vestiture
black. Palpi as long as proboscis, roughened by erect elliptical scales toward
base, black, with a tuft of setae at tip, last joint shining whitish, a small white
ring at base and apex of penultimate joint, long joint with a white rin£ near
middle. Antennae moderate; joints subequal, short, blackish, densely pilose;
hairs of whorls black, short ; tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excava-
tion, blackish without, rim luteous. Clypeus rounded triangular, blackish, nude.
Eyes well separated on the vertex, black. Occiput with a median groove, dark

ANOPHELES PSEUDOPUXCTIPENNIS

1021

brown, scales dense, elongate, triangular, erect, black at the sides, broadly white
on the vertex, a large tuft of white hairs and hair-scales between the eyes pro-
jecting forward ; a row of black setae along the margins of eyes.

Prothoracic lobes lateral, prominent, with blackish bristles. Mesonotum nar-
row, elongate, dark brown on the sides, pale brown and with pale blue-gray
pruinosity in a broad median stripe ; vestiture of numerous short pale yellowish
hairs and many very narrow white scales on anterior fourth of median stripe,
blackish hairs on the sides. Scutellum collar-like, grayish brown, with pale
brown marginal bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown, nude.
Pleurae dark brown, coxae lighter, with a few fine hairs.

Abdomen subcylindrical, depressed, truncate at tip, brownish black; vestiture
of rather long, fine pale hairs arising from small black punctures.

Wings (plate 41, figs. 13 and 18) moderate, hyaline; second marginal cell
longer than its petiole, second posterior cell distinctly shorter than its petiole ;
basal cross-vein distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales of
the veins narrowly lanceolate to broadly linear, dense, outstanding, black and
yellowish white, the black predominating, a large patch of white scales at outer
third of costa and involving first vein, a similar one just before wing-apex in-
volving also upper branch of second vein, a smaller one at extreme apex and on
the fringe, first vein with two long white patches on basal half, third vein with a
small Avhite patch at base and a very long one at middle, fourth vein with the
stem mostly white scaled, fifth vein largely pale-scaled, a black spot near base and
another close to tip of lower fork, the upper fork black scaled, a spot toward
base and extreme base and apex white scaled, sixth vein with the basal half pale,
apical half black ; fringe with large pale spots at tips of all the veins. Halteres
whitish, with brown knobs.

Legs long and slender ; vestiture brownish black, tips of femora and tibiae
narrowly whitish. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

Male. — Palpi as long as the proboscis; last two joints short, swollen, club-
shaped, with many long yellow silky hairs ; vestiture of last two joints yellowish
white, a black ring at the last articulation, long joint brown with a pale ring-
near middle. Antennae rather stout, plumose ; last two joints long and slender,
rugose, black, pilose, the others short, pale, with black basal rings; hairs of
whorls long, dense, brown with silky luster. Coloration as in the female.
Abdomen elongate, depressed, brown above, the bases of the segments broadly
pale, each with a small median elongate shining brown basal spot; lateral
eiliation irregular, pale brown. Wings narrower than in the female, the stems
of the fork-cells longer, the vestiture more sparse. Claw formula, 2-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4 mm.

Genitalia (plate 40, fig. 265) : Side-pieces about twice as long as wide,
conical, bearing a moderately stout spine beyond middle of inner margin; at
base two spines from a common base, two other spines arising from a detached
conical piece. Clasp filament as long as side-piece, slightly enlarged at base and
apex, with a small articulated terminal spine. Unci slender, columnar, short,
rounded at tip.

Larva, Stage IV. — -Head rounded, elongate, bulging at sides, frontal portion
before antennae conically produced; both pairs of dorsal head-hairs single but
numerously branched, in a line between antenna?, a smaller hair at base of
antenna; two long approximate spines on front margin. Antennae sub-
cylindrical, slightly tapered, spined all over ; a single smooth hair toward base :
two long terminal processes, a slender hair-tuft and a small digit at tip. Eyes
large, pointed. Mental plate small, with a median tooth and four on each side,
rather evenly spaced, the fourth small. Mandible quadrangular ; a basal row of
slender filaments, becoming short outwardly; two filaments and two branched
ones before tip ; an outer row of cilia; five feathered filaments on outer margin;
dentition heavy, six teeth on a process, the third longest, a stout tooth below
followed by a small group of confluent spines ; a serrate filament within ; basal

1022

MOSQUITOES OF XOETH AMERICA

angle rounded, with a small tuft of hair ; a row of long basal hairs. Maxilla
rounded rectangular, with slightly concave center, margin and center fringed
with coarse hairs ; palpus large, slightly serrate without, with a large dendritic
tuft, a terminal group of digits and leaf -like appendages. Thorax rounded quad-
rate, about as wide as long ; hairs short, consisting of branched hairs, single hairs
and tufts, mesothorax sparsely haired. Abdomen stout, anterior segments
shorter ; long, feathered lateral hairs on first three segments, double on first and
second, single on third; posterior hairs small, smooth; a dorsal series of five
pairs of fan-shaped tufts on third to seventh segments (plate 130, fig. 454).
Air-tube sessile, subquadrate, roundedly angled posteriorly. Lateral plates of
eighth segment posteriorly with a series of spines, long and short ones irregularly
disposed, the short ones from one-third to nearly half as long as the long ones.
Anal segment about as long as wide, with a small dorsal plate ; dorsal brush a long
hair and a short tuft on each side ; a single long lateral hair below the plate ;
ventral brush well developed, of long branched tufts. Anal gills moderate,
about as long as the segment, blunt pointed.

Miss McCracken found the larvae in an irrigating ditch and in a pool formed
by the overflow of a watering trough, both being clear quiet pools. Dr. Dyar
found them in ground-pools. Mr. Jennings found them in ditches, pools and
puddles and in pools near streams and in the edges of streams ; also in a tank.
Mr. Knab got them in pools along a stream, in well-holes on a bare hill-top and
in a spring-hole full of algse. Mr. Jennings gives the following notes on his
observations in the Panama region :

" It occurs abundantly from ocean to ocean but is somewhat more discriminat-
ing than the latter [Anopheles albvmanus] in choice of breeding place. It pre-
fers as a rule water of greater purity and rapidity of current. The larval food,
like that of albimanus, is by preference the soft green alga?, though it does not
scorn, lacking better, many places departing quite widely from the chosen type.
At times the abundance is enormous, though usually far fewer of this species
will find their way into buildings than is the case with albimanus, and its flight
is less vigorous."

Semi-arid portions of the tropical and subtropical American continent ; south-
western United States to northern Argentina.

Stanford University, California (I. McCracken) ; Stockton, California (H.
J. Quayle) ; Sweetwater Junction, California, June 2, 1906 (Dyar and Cau-
dell) ; Tia Juana, Baja California, Mexico, June 2, 1906 (Dyar and Caudell) ;
Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico, 1902 (T. D. A. Cockerell) ; Devil's
Eiver, Texas, May 5, 1907 (F. C. Pratt) ; Brownsville, Texas, May 31, 1904
(H. S. Barber) ; Monterey, Mexico (McMean) ; Tampico, Mexico, September
3, 1902 (J. Goldberger) ; Cordoba, Mexico, January 6, 1908 (F. Knab) ; Salina
Cruz, Mexico, July 9, 1905 (F. Knab) ; Bincon Antonio, Mexico, June 24,
1905 (F. Knab) ; Chiquimula, Guatemala, December 17, 1915 (E. Morales) ;
Bluefields, Nicaragua (W. F. Thornton) ; Port Limon, Costa Bica (B. L.
Turner) ; Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama, April 26, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Em-
pire, Canal Zone, Panama, May 6, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Culebra, Canal Zone,
Panama, May 7, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Bio Chagres, Panama, June 6, 1907 (A.
Busck) ; Las Cascadas, Canal Zone, Panama, June 8, 1907 (A. Busck) ;
Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama, June 8, 1907 (A. Busck) ; Pedro Miguel, Canal
Zone, Panama, November 18, 1907 (A. II. Jennings) ; Cartagenita, Paraiso
District, Canal Zone, Panama, November 16, 1907 (A. H. Jennings) ; Ancon,
Canal Zone, Panama, November 23, 1907 (A. H. Jennings) ; Bas Obispo, Canal
Zone, Panama, February 26, 1908 (A. PL Jennings) ; Matachin, Canal Zone,
Panama, February 26, 1908 (A. FL Jennings) ; Cocoli Eiver, Canal Zone,
Panama, May 5, 1908 (A. H. Jennings) ; La Boca, Canal Zone, Panama (A.
H. Jennings) ; Taboga Island, Panama Bay, Panama (A. H. Jennings) ; Mira-
flores Barracks, Canal Zone, Panama, May 13, 1906 (A. H. Jennings) ; Santa

ANOPHELES CRUCIANS

1023

Marta, Colombia. February, 1913 (J. H. Egbert) ; Verrugas Canon, Peru,
July 9, 1913 (C. H. T. Townsend) ; San Bartolome, Peru, April 16, 1913 (C.
H. T. Townsend). Reported also from Grenada [? Nicaragua] (Theobald) ;
Vera Cruz, Mexico (Parker, Beyer & Pothier) ; Oak Creek Canyon and Bill
Williams Fork, Arizona (C. F. Adams) ; Huacachina, San Pedro de Lloc, Lima
and Chanchamayo, Peru (Tamayo & Garcia) ; Provinces of Jujuy, Salta, Tucu-
man and Santiago del Estero, Argentina (Brethes).

Anopheles pseudopunctipennis was first described from a specimen said to
come from Grenada. This record has been generally supposed to refer to the
West Indian island of that name, but we have received no specimens from the
Antilles nor have they been reported by others and we are forced to believe that
it does not occur there. We think it highly probable that Theobald's speci-
men came from Grenada in Nicaragua. Anopheles franciscanus differs slightly,
the fourth vein being dark scaled (plate 41, fig. 13), whereas it is whitish before
the fork in typical pseudopunctipennis (plate 41, fig. 18). This form (fran-
ciscanus) is the usual one in the northern part of the range of the species, but
it is gradually evanescent in more southern localities. We have seen many speci-
mens which are intermediate in this respect and have intergradient specimens
from the same rearings in Panama. We are satisfied that the difference, so far
as it exists, is not of specific value, but only a slight variation.

ANOPHELES CRUCIANS Wiedemann.

Anopheles crucians Wiedemann (in part), Ausser. Zweifl. Ins., i, 12, 1828.

Anopheles crucians Howard, TJ. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. 4, n. s., 23, 1896.

Anopheles crucians Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Circular 40, 2 ser., 4, 1900.

Anopheles crucians Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. 25, n. s., 21, 44, 1900.

Anopheles crucians Giles (in part), Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 165, 1900.

Anopheles crucians Howard, Mosquitoes, 113, 240, 1901.

Anopheles crucians Beyer, N. Orleans Med. & Surg. Journ., liv, 147, 1901.

Anopheles crucians Veazie, N. Orleans Med. & Surg. Journ., liv, 163, 1901.

Anopheles crucians Theobald, Mon. Culicid., i, 204, 1901.

Anopheles crucians Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 324, 1902.

Anopheles crucians Dyar, Prcc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 46, 1902.

Anopheles crucians Pazos, Rev. de Med. Trop., iv, 164, 1903.

Anopheles crucians Pazos, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1904, 134, 1904.

Anopheles crucians Smith, Ent. News, xv, 150, 1904.

Anopheles crucians Giles, Rev. Anophelinse, 21, 24, 1904.

Anopheles crucians Felt, Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 270, 1904.

Anopheles crucians Smith, N. J. Agr. Exper. Stat., Bull. 171, 30, 1904.

Anopheles crucians Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 171, 1905.

Anopheles crucians Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiii, 186, 1905.

Anopheles crucians Smith, Rept. Mosq. N. J., 169, 1905.

Anopheles crucians Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 177, 1906.

Anopheles crucians Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 7, 12, 1906.

Anopheles crucians Ludlow, Can. Ent., xxxviii, 296, 1906.

Anopheles crucians Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Circular 72, 1, 1906.

Anopheles crucians Howard, Osier's Modern Medicine, i, 378, 383, 385, 1907.

Anopheles (?) crucians Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 29, 1907.

Anopheles crucians Viereck, 1st Ann. Rept. Comm. Health Pa., 469, 1908.

Anopheles crucians Pazos, San. y Ben., 45, 183, 1909.

Anopheles crucians Thibault, Proc Ent. Soc. Wash., xii, 24, 1910.

Anopheles crucians Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 15, 1910.

Anopheles crucians Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 716, 1910.

Anopheles crucians Smith, Rept. N. J. Agr. Coll. Exp. Stat., 1910, 424, 1911.

Original Description of Anopheles crucians:

Fuscanus: thorace lineis tribus saturatioribus: abdomine griseo hirto; alis costa
maculaque fuscis. Braunlich; Riickenschild mit drei dunklern Linien; Hinterleib
greisbehaart; Fliigel mit brauner Rippe und Flecken. — 2V2 Linien. — Aus Pensyl-
vanien und Neu-Orleans; am Mississippi sehr hauflg und den Reisenden be-
schwerlich.

Thom. Say Journ. Acad. Philad. 1822. 9, 1: Cul. punctipennis.

Fiihler braun: Taster braunlich schwarz.Glieder an der Wurzel wenig schneeweiss.
Riickenschild rothbraunlich, mit drei schwarzlichbraunen Linien, deren mittelste
viel feiner ist; Zwischenraume in gewisser Richtung weisslich; Hinterriicken mit
schwarzlich brauner Strieme. Hinterleib gleichformig braun, greisbehaart. Fiiigel

1024

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

an der Rippe gleichformig, iibrigens fleckenweise braunschuppig, an den Adern hin
und wieder weiss; in der Ruhe, wo die Fliigel auf einander liegen, sieht man jenseits
der Mitte eine blasse Binde, die an den einzelnen Fliigeln wenig oder gar nicht
bemerkbar ist. Schwinger gelblich mit braunem Knopfe. Beine gelbbraunlich mit
braunlichschwarzen Fusswurzeln. — In von Winthems und meiner Sammlung.

Descbiption of Female, Male, Larva, and Egg of Anopheles crucians:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, rather slender and roughly scaled ; labella?
long, lanceolate, with fine outstanding setae; vestiture black. Palpi as long as
the proboscis, clothed with black scales, roughened and erect toward base, last
joint and extreme apex of penultimate joint pure white scaled, a narrow white
ring at base of penultimate joint and another beyond middle of long joint.
Antennas moderate, the joints subequal, rather short, blackish, densely pilose ;
hairs of whorls short, sparse, black ; tori small, subspherical, with a cup-shaped
apical excavation, brown, with a few pale scales on one side. Clypeus rounded
triangular, brownish, pruinose, nude. Eyes well separated on the vertex, black.
Occiput with a median groove, blackish, the scales dense, elongate triangular,
erect, black, except on the vertex where they are white, a tuft of long white hairs
projecting between the eyes ; a row of black setae along margins of eyes.

Prothoracic lobes small, lateral, bearing black hairs. Mesonotum narrow,
elongate, gray pruinose, with two narrow, bare impressed lines on anterior half of
disk, a pair of much broader bare stripes well outward on posterior half, these
stripes and sides of disk brownish, some brown mottlings on lateral portions ;
vestiture of numerous short yellowish hairs intergrading with narrow white
scales at anterior end, some black setae laterally. Scutellum collar-like, gray
pruinose, clothed with pale hairs and brown marginal bristles. Postnotum
elliptical, prominent, dark brown, nude. Pleura? and coxae brown, gray pruinose,
spotted with black, with a few short hairs.

Abdomen subcylindrical, depressed, tip subtruncate ; black, slightly pruinose ;
vestiture of abundant, rather coarse, yellowish hairs on the disk, longer brown
ones on the sides.

Wings (plate 41, fig. 1) moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell
shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell hardly longer than its cell;
basal cross-vein close to anterior cross-vein ; scales of veins rather narrowly
lanceolate, dense, outstanding, brownish black and dull white, the black pre-
dominating; a white spot before middle of first vein, a pale yellow spot at tip
of wing involving tips of first vein and of upper branch of second, a white spot
on second vein just before the fork, fourth vein white scaled at base of fork and
on middle of both its branches, fifth vein broadly whitish scaled at middle of
upper branch and base of lower, sixth vein whitish scaled and with three distinct
black patches. Halteres pale, with black knobs.

Legs long and slender, brownish black, the tips of femora and tibia? very nar-
rowly pale. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Male. — Palpi as long as the proboscis, tip of long joint and last two joints
swollen, club-shaped, dark haired above, beneath with long, dense, yellowish
silky hairs ; scale vestiture brown, extreme apex and base of second joint white
scaled. Antenna} plumose ; last two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose, black,
the others short, pale, with black basal rings ; hairs of whorls long, dense, brown
with silky luster. Coloration as in the female. Abdomen long, depressed, above
brownish gray, a series of median, basal, shining black spots on all the segments ;
lateral ciliation long but rather sparse, brown. Wings narrower than in the
female, the stems of the fork-cells longer, the vestiture more sparse. Claw
formula, 2-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 40, fig. 269) : Side-pieces about twice as long as wide,
conical, a stout spine arising from middle of inner margin, at base two stout
spines arising from a tapered common base, basally on inner margin two stout
spines inserted upon unequal conical prominences. Clasp-filament long and

ANOPHELES CRUCIANS

1025

slender, nearly as long as side-piece, slightly enlarged at base and apex, with a
short articulated terminal spine. Unci slender, columnar, with two tufts of
spines at tips projecting at right angles.

Larva, Stage IV. — Head rounded, elongate, bulging at the sides, frontal
portion before antenna? conically produced; dorsal head-hairs single but
numerously branched, in a line between antennae, a smaller hair at base of
antennae ; two long approximate seta? on front margin. Antennae subcylindrical,
slightly tapered, spined on one side, a tuft of four hairs at basal fifth ; two long
dentate articulated terminal processes, one small one and a small hair-tuft.
Eyes large, pointed. Mental plate small, slightly tapered, with a median tooth
and four on each side, first and second subequal and approximate, third distant,
fourth small. Mandible quadrangidar, convex without; eight large branched
hairs on dorsal aspect in a line, two smaller ones near them ; two pairs of flat
appendages near tip, the distal pair feathered; an outer row of cilia; terminal
dentition of thirteen teeth, upper two large, third prominent and bearing the
fourth, fifth, and sixth on its lower declivity, the other teeth small; two fila-
ments above, three within ; a square spinose dentate process below ; a thick
process at end of dentition, one at base, between these processes a row of seta?,
the central ones longest. Maxilla rounded rectangular, palpus attached by a
narrow constriction; numerous seta? and spines on inner aspect, those at the
angles rather long; palpus with round projecting base, a dendritic tuft within,
five terminal digits and two flattened appendages. Thorax rounded quadrate,
about as long as wide ; hairs short, consisting of branched hairs, single hairs
and tufts, mesothorax sparsely haired. Abdomen stout, anterior segments
shorter; long feathered lateral hairs on first three segments, double on first
and second, single on third ; posterior hairs small, smooth ; a dorsal series of five
pairs of fan-shaped tufts on third to seventh segments (plate 130, fig. 452), the
first and fifth smaller than the others. Air-tube sessile, subquadrate, roundedly
angled posteriorly. Lateral plates of eighth segment posteriorly with a series of
spines, about eight long stout ones, separated from each other by from one to
four short spines. Anal segment about as long as wide, with a small dorsal plate ;
dorsal brush a long and a short tuft on each side ; a single long lateral hair below
the plate ; ventral brush well developed, of long branched tufts ; anal gills moder-
ate, about as long as the segment, slightly constricted centrally, blunt pointed.

Egg (plate 147, fig. 696 *) . — Elongate fusiform, slightly more tapered toward
one end, both ends rounded ; dorsal surface granular, ventral surface coarsely
hexagonally reticulate ; floats occupying about half the sides in top view, sepa-
rated at the middle by nearly one-third the diameter of the egg.

The eggs are laid singly, a small number at a time, upon the surface of tl,e
water. The larva? live in ground-pools, usually in tidal marshes. Smith, in New
Jersey, found that the species breeds upon the salt marsh, but whether in water
of saline content is not stated. Dyar found the larva? in a dirty pool in the bed of
a small stream a few feet from where it emptied into salt water, although the pool
itself was fresh. Breeding occurs also inland, but the majority of our captured
adults, and all of our larva?, come from the vicinity of the sea coast. Below New
Orleans Doctor Beyer found this mosquito " an abundant pest in the salt and
brackish water marshes along the lake shores east of the river, where they occur
throughout the year, not even diminishing in numbers during freezing weather,
as all duck hunters have experienced to their discomfort while in their blinds
among the tall grasses of the prairie." Smith states that the females bite both
at night and by day, " long before dusk and long after sunrise." He says they
readily enter dwellings, and at Cape May, New Jersey, were the most annoying
indoor mosquito. Doctor Dyar took specimens in the house at Bellport, New
York, and his experience agrees with that of Professor Smith, as whenever a
mosquito was taken in the house it was more apt to prove this species than any
other. Both localities are on the sea shore.

* The figure shows the dorsal aspect of the egg, not the ventral as stated on the plate.

1026

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Southeastern United States from New York to Texas; Cuba and Jamaica.

Bellport, New York, October 13, 1901 (H. G. Dyar) ; Chesapeake Beach,
Maryland, July 4, 1903 (A. Busck) ; Ocean City, Maryland, September 14,
1913 (H. G. Dyar) ; Laurel, Maryland, July, 1903 (M. W. Lyon, Jr.) ;
Woodbine, Maryland, August, 1901 (J. Kotinsky) ; Piney Point, Maryland
(T. Pergande) ; District of Columbia, April 27, 1893 (T. Pergande) ; Vir-
ginia Beach, Virginia, September 20, 1911 (H. G. Dyar) ; Eichmond, Vir-
ginia (Mrs. A. T. Slosson) ; Lake Drummond, Virginia, October 29, 1906
(H. S. Barber) ; Hendersonville, North Carolina, March 24, 1913 (W. B. W.
Howe) ; Columbia, South Carolina, September 12 (W. H. Sligh) ; McClellan-

ville, South Carolina, October 12, 1906 ( ) ; Melbourne, Florida, March

4, 1901 (L. A. Peek) ; West Palm Beach, Florida, March 14, 1905 (Dyar
and Caudell) ; Spring Grove, Florida, September 20, 1901 (A. O. Hiscock) ;
Lake Okeechobee, Florida, August, 1906 (J. H. Egbert) ; Estero, Florida, June,
1906 (J. B. Van Duzee) ; Jacksonville, Florida, March 4, 1905 (H. G. Dyar) ;
Kissimee, Florida, February 18, 1906 (J. H. Egbert) ; Sanford, Florida.
March 17, 1905 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Tampa, Florida, larvse, March, 1905
(H. G. Dyar) ; Fort Myers, Florida, March 18, 1905 (A. N. Caudell) ; Arcadia,
Florida, March 19, 1905 (A. N. Caudell) ; Lake Catherine, Louisiana, June 8,
3 901 (G. E. Beyer) ; New Orleans, Louisiana, June 28, 1900 (H. A. Veazie) ;
Jackson Barracks, Louisiana, May 13, 1906 (Captain Chamberlain) ; Biloxi,
Mississippi, December 6, 1902 (J. Brodie) ; Buena, Texas, November 14, 1902
(A. D. Hopkins) ; Galveston, Texas, September 30, 1901 (I. T. Moore) ; Tyler,
Texas, February 20, 1907 (A. Woldert) ; San Antonio de los Banos, Cuba (J.
H. Pazos) ; Cayamas, Cuba, June 5 (E. A. Schwarz) ; Spanish Town, Jamaica,
January, 1910 (Dr. Neish, through M. Grabham). Reported also from Cape
May (Smith), Elizabeth, Manumuskin, Delair and Lahaway, New Jersey
(Moore) ; Scott, Arkansas (Thibault).

Wiedemann, in the original description of Anopheles crucians, confused the
species with A. punctipennis, but the type in the museum at Vienna agrees with
the species as here considered. Dark colored specimens occur in which the
lighter maculations of the wings are very inconspicuous and can only be de-
tected by close scrutiny. Such specimens are likely to be mistaken for Anopheles
quadrimaculatus, on account of the denser accumulation of black scales at the
cross-veins and at the bases of the fork-cells.

ANOPHELES OCCIDENTALIS Dyar & Knab.

Anopheles maculipennis Theobald (not Meigen), Can. Ent., xxxv, 211, 1903.
Anopheles maculipennis McCracken (not Meigen), Ent. News, xv, 9, 1904.
Anopheles maculipennis Dyar (not Meigen), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vi, 41, 1904.
Anopheles maculipennis Quayle (not Meigen), Bull. 178, Agr. Exp. Sta., Berkeley,
Cal., 51, 1906.

Anopheles occidentalis Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 159, 1906.
Anopheles maculipennis Dyar (not Meigen), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxii, 121, 1907.
Anopheles occidentalis Dyar, Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus., xxxii, 121, note, 1907.
Anopheles maculipennis Theobald (in part, not Meigen), Mon. Culic, iv, 26, 1907.
Anopheles occidentalis Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 85, 1910.
Anopheles occidentalis Knab, Amer. Journ. Trop. Dis. & Prev. Med., i, 36, 1913.

Original Description of Anopheles occidentalis:

Thorax with a broad dorsal pale lilaceous band, cut by three narrow brown
stripes; a broad lateral brown band; pleura pale, with three brown stripes; abdomen,
legs and palpi dark brown. Wings with the scales of the veins forming four black
spots as in A. quadrimaculatus, but rather more rounded and contrasted.

US specimens, Stanford University, California (Isabel McCracken); San Diego,
Sissons and Thrall, California (Dyar & Caudell) ; Portland, Oregon (R. P. Currie) ;
Revelstoke, B. C. (H. G. Dyar); Boise, Idaho (J. M. Aldrich) ; Lehi, Utah (W. A.
Hooker).

Type— Cat. No. 10,028, U. S. Nat. Mus.

ANOPHELES OCCIDENTALS

1027

Description of Female, Male, and Laeva of Anopheles occidentalis :

Female. — Proboscis long, straight, slender; labellae long, lanceolate, dull
luteous, with small outstanding black setae ; vestiture appressed, dark brown.
Palpi as long as the proboscis, uniform, slender ; vestiture of dark brown narrow
scales, roughened at base, a few stiff pale setae at tip. Antennae filiform, the
joints subequal. rugose, blackish, pilose : hairs of whorls sparse, black, short ;
tori subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, small, brown. Clypeus
elongate elliptical, brown, nude. Eyes well separated, black. Occiput with a
median groove, blackish, densely clothed with erect triangular, or notched, scales,
black at the sides, white in a large patch anteriorly, a tuft of white hair-scales
projecting forward between the eyes ; a row of black setae along margins of eyes.

Prothoracic lobes lateral, small elliptical. Mesonotum narrow, elongate,
brown, strongly gray pruinose in a broad median stripe, a narrow median brown
line and the sides broadly dark brown ; vestiture of short whitish hair-like scales,
densest anteriorly in three broad stripes ; some black bristles over roots of wings.
Scutellum collar like, luteous, with a marginal row of long blackish bristles.
Postnotum elliptical, prominent, dark brown, nude. Pleurae brownish and pale
intermixed, coxae luteous, with a few short hairs.

Abdomen subcylindrical, somewhat depressed, truncate at tip, grayish brown,
rugose, apical margins of the segments shining black ; dorsal vestiture of numer-
ous short yellow hairs, longer dark ones at the sides.

Wings (plate 41, fig. 15) moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell
shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell about as long as its cell ; basal
cross-vein distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales of veins
lanceolate, narrow, pointed, of different lengths on different areas, the long ones
black, the short ones brown, the black scales forming spots at bases of second
marginal and second posterior cells, at the cross-veins and on basal portion of
second vein ; an ill-defined metallic yellowish-coppery spot at tip of wing upon
the fringe, the rest of fringe dusky. Halteres with pale stem and black knob.

Legs long and slender ; vestiture brownish-black with a bluish reflection, tips
of femora and tibiae narrowly whitish. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Bod}- about 5 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Male. — Palpi as long as the proboscis, last two joints swollen and club-shaped,
furnished with a tuft of hairs, yellowish towards base ; vestiture bronzy black.
Antennae plumose ; last two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose, black, the
others short, whitish, with black basal rings; hairs of whorls long, dense,
brownish. Coloration as in the female. Abdomen long, depressed, black ; lateral
eiliation of rather abundant pale hairs. Wings narrower than in the female,
stems of the fork-cells longer, vestiture more sparse. Claw formula, 2-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 5.5 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 41, fig. 270) : Side-pieces over twice as long as wide, tips
conically rounded ; a stout seta near middle of inner margin, two approximated
ones near base, another pair upon an inner lobe. Clasp-filament long, slightly
attenuated mesially, with a small articulated terminal claw. Unci columnar,
with a group of stout setae projecting outward at right angles.

Larva, Stage IV. — The larva is very similar to that of Anopheles quadri-
maculaius. It differs by the absence of the small rudimentary pair of floats
present on the second abdominal segment of that species.

The larvae live in ground-pools, preferably those of permanent water con-
taining alga?. Miss McCracken found them in a creek, a pasturage trough, tank
overflow, roadside pool, and the edges of a lake. Quayle found the larvae in
abundance in distinctly brackish water. Dr. Dyar found them in the grassy
edges of lakes and ponds, and, at Chico, California, where they were abundant,
in all sorts of water ; in Nevada they occurred in pools in irrigated fields.

Western United States, from southern California to Alaska, eastward through
Canada to northern Maine.

1028

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Fort Gibbon, Alaska, June 6, 1907 (through C. S. Ludlow) ; Valley of the
Mayo Eiver, Yukon Territory, latitude 63° 45', longitude 136°, 1904 (J.
Keele) ; Aweme, Manitoba, April 23, 1905 (N. Criddle) ; Little Current Eiver,
Ontario, July 18, 1903 (W. J. Wilson) ; Nagagami Eiver, Seventh Portage.
Ontario, June 7, 1903 (W. J. Wilson) ; Eevelstoke, British Columbia (H. G.
Dyar) ; Boise, Idaho, October 21, 1901 (J. M. Aldrich) ; Lehi, Utah, September
8, 1905 (W. A. Hooker) ; Eeno, Nevada, August 6, September 1-30, October
1-22, 1915 (H. G. Dyar) ; Steamboat Springs, Nevada, August 19, 1915 (H.
G. Dyar) ; Klamath Falls, Oregon, July 27, 1906 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Port-
land, Oregon (E, P. Currie) ; Thrall, California, July 29, 1906 (Dyar and
Caudell) ; Sisson, California, July, 1906 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Stanford Uni-
versity, California (I. McCracken) ; Stockton, California (H. J. Quayle) ;
Fresno, California, April 4 (E. A. Schwarz) ; Gardena, California, May 30,
1906 (H. G. Dyar) ; San Onofre, California, June 27, 1906 (H. G. Dyar) ;
Sweetwater Junction, California, June 12, 1906 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Ottawa,
Ontario, September 30 (J. Fletcher) ; Weld, Maine, July 25, 1910 (H. G.
Dyar) ; Norcross, Maine, July, 1914 (Mrs. H. G. Dyar).

Anopheles occidentalis was long confounded with A. quadrimaculatus of
eastern North America, and both with the European A. maculipennis Meigen.
It is, however, distinct, although closely related to both these forms. Its range
is more northern than that of A. quadrimaculatus and in the extreme north it
extends eastward to the Atlantic coast.

ANOPHELES QUADRIMACULATUS Say.

Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say, Keating's Narr. Exp. St. Peter's River, ii, 356, 1824.
Anopheles quadrimaculatus Wiedemann, Ausser. Zweifl. Ins., i, 13, 1828.
Anopheles guttulatus Harris, in Hitchcock's Rept. on Geol., Min., Bot, and Zool. of

Mass., 595, 1835. (Nomen nudum.)
Anopheles maculipennis and quadrimaculatus Loew (in part), Amer. Journ. Sci.

(2), xxxvii, 317, note, 1864.
Anopheles maculipennis and quadrimaculatus Walsh (in part), Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil.,

iii, 215, 1864.

Anopheles annulimanus van der Wulp, Tijdschr. voor Ent., x, 129, 1867.
Anopheles quadrimaculata Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent, Bull. 4, n. s., 23, 1896.
Anopheles quadrimaculatus Lugger, 2d. Rept. Ent. Minn., 195, 1896.
Anopheles quadrimaculatus Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 162, 1900.
Anopheles quadrimaculatus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent, Circular 40, 2 ser.,
4, 1900.

Anopheles quadrimaculatus Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent, Bull. 25, n. s., 21, 32,
1900.

Anopheles quadrimaculatus Th. Smith, Journ. Bost. Soc. Med. Sci., v, 321, 1901.
Anopheles quadrimaculatus Packard, Psyche, ix, 191, 1901.
Anopheles maculipennis Theobald (not Meigen), Mon. Culic, i, 191, 1901.
Anopheles maculipennis Howard (not Meigen), Mosquitoes, 93, 240, 1901.
Anopheles maculipennis Beyer (not Meigen), N. Orleans Med. & Surg. Journ., liv,
146, 1901.

Anopheles quadrimaculatus Veazie, N. Orleans Med. & Surg. Journ., liv, 163, 1901.
Anopheles maculipennis Garman (not Meigen), Bull. 96, Ky. Agr. Exp. Stat, 205,
1901.

Anopheles maculipennis Dyar (not Meigen), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 46, 1902.
Anopheles maculipennis Giles (in part, not Meigen), Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed.,
326, 1902.

Anopheles maculipennis Dyar (not Meigen), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 141, 1903.
Anopheles maculipennis Theobald (in part, not Meigen), Mon. Culic, iii, 17, 1903.
Anopheles maculipennis Parker, Beyer & Pothier (not Meigen), Bull. 13, Yell. Fev.

Inst., U. S. Publ. Health and Mar.-Hosp. Serv., 38, 1903.
Anopheles maculipennis Johannsen (not Meigen), Bull. 68, N. Y. State Mus., 409,

1903.

Anopheles maculipennis Felt (not Meigen), Bull. 79, N. Y. State Mus., 267, 1904.
Anopheles maculipennis Smith (not Meigen), N. J. Agr. Exp. Stat., Bull. 171, 30,
1904.

Anopheles maculipennis Blanchard (American form), Les Moustiques, 160, 1905.
Anopheles maculipennis Smith (not Meigen), Rept. Mosq. N. J., 168, 1905.
Anopheles maculipennis Pelt (not Meigen), Bull. 97, N. Y. State Mus., 470, 1905.

ANOPHELES QU ADRI M ACULATUS

1029

Anopheles maculipennis Aldrich (not Meigen), Cat. N. A. Dipt., Smiths. Misc. Colls.,

xlvi (part), 121, 1905.
Anopheles maculipennis Jordan & Hefferan (not Meigen), Journ. Infect. Dis., ii, 57,

1905.

Anopheles maculipennis Dyar & Knab (not Meigen), Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 177,
1906.

Anopheles quadrimaculatus Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 159, 1906.
Anopheles maculipennis Coquillett (not Meigen), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech.
Ser. 11, 12, 1906.

A nopheles annulimanus Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Tech. Ser. 11, 13, note,
1906.

Anopheles maculipennis Dyar (not Meigen), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Circular 72,
1, 1906.

Anopheles maculipennis Howard (not Meigen), Osier's Modern Medicine, i, 378, 383,
1907.

Anopheles quadrimaculatus Banta, Fauna Mayfield's Cave, Carnegie Inst. Wash.,
36, 84, 1907.

Anopheles maculipennis Theobald (American form), Mon. Culic, iv, 26, 1907.
Anopheles maculipennis (not Meigen) or quadrimaculatus Viereck, 1st Ann. Rept.

Comm. Health Pa., 469, 1908.
Anopheles quadrimaculatus Thibault, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xii, 24, 1910.
Anopheles mactilipennis Theobald (in part, not Meigen), Mon. Culic, v, 5, 1910.
Anopheles quadrimaculatus Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 716, 1910.

Original Description of Anopheles quadrimaculatus:
Pale brownish; wings with four fuscous spots.
Inhabits North-west Territory.

Thorax dull cinereous; two oblique, brown lines confluent behind and reaching the
posterior edge; a broad, lateral, brown line also extending the whole length of the
thorax; wings hyaline, the nervures hairy, forming two blackish spots near the
middle, placed longitudinally; and two others nearer the tip on the bifurcations of
the nervures, placed transversely; scutel dull ochreous, dusky in the middle; feet
black-brown, incisures at tip of the thighs and of the tibiae, yellowish; tergum
whitish, a little varied with dusky.

Length 5 to the tip of the wings more than three-tenths of an inch.

Closely allied to the maculipennis Hgg. I have not seen the male. Wiedemann
informs me that my CULEX punctipennis is a true ANOPHELES, an observation
which I have found to be correct. I described that insect in the year 1819, before any
account of that new genus had reached this country, otherwise I certainly should
have adopted it.

Original Description of Anopheles annulimanus:

Fuscus; tibiis anticis albis fusco-anuulatis ; metatarso postico tibia longiori.
a. long. 2 lin.

Kop zwartbruin: achterhoofd met grove zwarte behariug. Sprieten witachtig,
bruin geringeld; vederbos lichtbruin met gelen weerschijn. Zuiger anderhalf maal
zoo lang als kop en thorax, zwartbruin, van boven en aan de spits met lichten weer-
schijn. Voelers bruin; de beide eerste leden donkerder; het tweede lid een weinig
langer dan het eerste, te zamen zoo lang als de sprieten; de beide laatste leden ieder
naauwelijks half zoo lang als het tweede, bruingeel, te zamen elliptisch verbreed,
schraal met lange haren bezet. Thorax, schildje en achterrug donkerbruin, met
fijne gele beharing; van de schouders naar den vleugelwortel een smalle lichtgrijze
zoom, die in 't midden eenigzins hoekig naar onderen is uitgebogen; de borstzijden
grootendeels lichtgrijs bestoven. Achterlijf naar evenredigheid kort, graauw-
bruin; de achterzoom der ringen zwartbruin, hetgeen op den buik, waar de grond-
kleur lichter is, meer in het oog valt; de tang korter dan de laatste lijfsring, met
lange omgebogen spitsen; beharing des achterlijfs matig digt, fijn, van blonde kleur.
Pooten donkerbruin; de heupen en de wortel der dijen bruingeel; het uiteinde der
dijen bijna zwart, waartegen de bleekgele of witachtige kniespitsen duidelijk uitko-
men; digt bij den wortel der middendijen is een witachtige ring, aan beide zijden
begrensd door eene bruine keur, donkerder dan de grondkleur; de voorscheenen,
met uitzondering van het wortel-derdedeel, witachtig, met drie donkerbruine ringen,
waarvan de laatste zeer kort voor de spits, die weder wit of geelachtig is: die lichte
kleur bevindt zich ook aan de spits der overige scheenen; de achterpooten zijn lang
en dun, vooral de tarsen, waarvan het eerste lid een vierde langer is dan de scheenen.
Kolfjes zwartbruin, de steel en de wortel van den knop lichter. Vleugels langer
dan het achterlijf, met flaauwe graauwachtige tint; aderen en schubben bruin; in 't
midden onder den voorrand, op de tweede langsader, bevindt zich een vlekje en een
weinig verder, over de kleine dwarsader, een tweede, beiden door ophooping van
schubbetjes gevormd; de bovenste basaal-cel is iets langer dan de onderste.

1030

MOSQUITOES OF XORTH AMERICA

Description of Female, Male, Larva and Egg of Anopheles quadeimaculatus:

Female. — Proboscis long, straight, slender; labellse long, lanceolate, dull,
luteous, with small outstanding black seta? ; vestiture appressed, dark brown.
Palpi as long as proboscis, uniform, slender; vestiture of dark brown narrow
scales, roughened at base, a few stiff seta? at tip. Antennas filiform, the joints
subequal, rugose, blackish, pilose; hairs of whorls sparse, black, short; tori
subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, small, blackish. Clypeus
elongate elliptical, dark brown, nude. Eyes well separated, black. Occiput with
a median groove, blackish, densely clothed with erect, triangular, or notched
scales, black on the sides and at extreme base, whitish anteriorly, a tuft of long
white hair-scales projecting forward between the eyes ; a row of black seta? along
margins of eyes.

Prothoracic lobes lateral, small, elliptical. Mesonotum narrow, depressed,
brown, three darker longitudinal stripes on the disk, grayish pruinose on pos-
terior third, sides behind middle dark brown ; vestiture of coarse pale yellow-
ish hair-scales, densest over the three dark stripes, some stiff bristles over
roots of wings. Scutellum collar-like, dark brown, with a marginal row of pale
brown bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent brown, nude. Pleuras and
coxas brownish luteous, with a few short hairs.

Abdomen subcylindrical, somewhat depressed, truncate at tip, luteous brown,
the apices of the segments broadly blackish ; vestiture of numerous pale bristles
arising from small black punctures.

Wings (plate 41, fig. 22) moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell
shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell about as long as its cell ; basal
cross-vein distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales of veins
lanceolate, narrow, of different lengths on different areas, the long ones black,
the short ones brown, the black scales denser and forming spots at the bases of the
second marginal and second posterior cells, at the cross-veins and origin of
second vein. Halteres with pale stem and black knob.

Legs long and slender ; vestiture brownish-black, tips of femora and tibia}
narrowly yellowish white. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 5 mm.

Male. — Palpi as long as the proboscis, the last two joints swollen and club-
shaped, with many long brown hairs with yellow silky luster ; vestiture bronzy
black. Antenna? plumose ; last two joints long and slender, rugose, pilose, black,
the others short, pale, with narrow black basal rings ; hairs of whorls long, dense,
brownish with yellow silky luster. Coloration as in the female. Abdomen long,
depressed, somewhat broadened distally, black, the margins of the segments
narrowly luteous, hairs of dorsum yellowish ; lateral ciliation coarse and irregu-
lar, brown. Wings narrower than in the female, stems of the fork-cells longer,
vestiture more sparse. Claw formula, 2-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 5.5 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 39, fig. 262) : Side-pieces longer than wide, conical, a stout
seta at middle, at base two spines from a common base, an inner setose lobe bear-
ing four unequal spines in two groups, the outer pair with rounded tips. Clasp-
filament as long as side-piece, slender, slightly enlarged at base and apex, with a
short and stout articulated terminal spine. Unci slender, columnar, with two
tufts of spines at tip, bent outward at right angles. Basal appendages large,
delicate, leaf-like.

Larva, Stage IV. — Head rounded, longer than wide, bulging at the sides,
frontal portion before insertion of antenna? conically produced; dorsal head-
hairs single but numerously branched, in a line between antennas, a smaller hair
at base of antennae; two long approximate setas on front margin. Antennse
subcylindrical, slightly tapered, spined on one side ; a tuft of four hairs at basal
two-fifths; two long dentate articulated terminal processes, one short one and
a small hair-tuft. Eyes large, pointed. Mental plate small, with a median
tooth and four on each side, perpendicular, the first and second lateral ones

ANOPHELES QUADRIMACULATUS

1031

subequal, the second pointed, the third distant, the fourth moderate. Mandible
quadrangular, convex without; five large branched hairs on dorsal aspect in a
line, two smaller ones near them; two pairs of flat appendages near tip, the
distal pair feathered ; an outer row of cilia ; terminal dentition of eleven teeth,
upper third and fourth produced ; two filaments above, three within ; a square
finely dentate process below; a thick process at end of dentition, one at base,
between these a row of setae, the central ones longest. Maxilla rounded rec-
tangular, the palpus attached by a narrow constriction ; numerous short setae
and spines on inner aspect; palpus with round projecting base, a dendritic
tuft within, five terminal digits and two flattened appendages. Thorax rounded
quadrate, about as long as wide ; hairs short, consisting of branched hairs, single
hairs and tufts, mesothorax sparsely haired. Abdomen stout, anterior segments
shorter; long feathered lateral hairs on first three segments, double on first and
second, single on third ; posterior hairs small, smooth ; a dorsal series of six
pairs of fan-shaped tufts on second to seventh segments (plate 130, fig. 453) , the
first pair sparse. Air-tube sessile, subquadrate, roundedly angled posteriorly.
Lateral plates of eighth segment posteriorly with a series of spines irregularly
long and short. Anal segment about as long as wide, with a small dorsal plate ;
dorsal brush a long and a short tuft on each side ; a single long lateral hair below
the plate ; ventral brush well developed, of long branched tufts. Anal gills
moderate, about as long as the segment, slightly constricted centrally, blunt
pointed.

Egg (plate 147, fig. 695 *). — Fusiform, somewhat more pointed at one end
than the other, black, lower surface coarsely reticvdate, dorsal surface granular ;
lateral floats occupying about half of the lateral margins and arcuately pro-
duced, dorsally in the middle approaching very close to the median line.

The larvas occur in natural collections of water of a more or less permanent
nature. They often occur in the same locations with the larvae of Anopheles
punctipennis and mixed with them, but generally in much lesser numbers. They
are more addicted to permanent stagnant water, such as the edges of sluggish
rivers and marshes containing algae, less to springs and running water, and do
not occur in temporary ground pools filled by rains. It would appear that the
species breeds also in brackish water, although we have no personal observations
in confirmation. The female is an eager blood-sucker and readily enters houses.
The species hibernates in the female adult state.

North America east of the Rocky Mountains from Canada to Mexico.

Center Harbor, New Hampshire, August 1, 1902 (H. G. Dyar) ; Berlin
Falls, New Hampshire, August 9, 1868 (F. G. Sanborn) ; West Spring-
field, Massachusetts, May 22, 1903 (F. Knab) ; Westfield, Massachusetts,
August 23, 1903 (F. Knab) ; Pine Orchard, Connecticut, July 19, 1903 (F. H.
Hart) ; Ithaca, New York, June 30, 1903 (O. A. Johannsen) ; Bayside, Long-
Island, New York, August 14, 1901 (H. C. Weeks) ; Bellport, New York,
August 27, 1901 (H. G. Dyar) ; West Fairview, Pennsylvania, August 18,
1900 (H. B. Bashore) ; Chesapeake Beach, Maryland, July 4, 1903 (A. Busck) ;
Jackson's Island, Maryland, July 29 (H. S. Barber) ; Plummer's Island,
Maryland, August 31, 1902 (H. S. Barber) ; Lakeland, Maryland, August
8, 1905 (F. C. Pratt); Washington, District of Columbia, October 29, 1902
. (Miss Champney) ; St. Elmo, Virginia. May - - (F. C. Pratt) ; Rives,
Tennessee, July 27, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Agricultural College, Mississippi,
November 2, 1903 (G. W. Herrick) ; Belzona, Mississippi, August 5, 1904
(H. S. Barber); Tutwiler, Mississippi, August 2, 1904 (H. S. Barber);
Osprey, Florida, July 25, 1901 (J. G. Webb); Oneco, Florida, May 26,
1900 (H. A. Gossard) ; Spring Grove, Florida, September 20, 1901 (A. O.
Hiscock) ; Fort Myers, Florida, March 18, 1905 (A. N. Caudell) ; Sanford,
Florida, March 17, 1905 (Dyar and Caudell) ; Warner's Camp, Lake Okeecho-
bee, Florida, March, 1906 (J. H. Egbert) ; Sugar Loaf Beach, Lake Okeechobee,
Florida (J. H. Egbert) ; Ruddock, Louisiana, May 10, 1901 ( ) ; New

* The figure shows the dorsal aspect of the egg, not the ventral as stated on the plate.

1032

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

Orleans, Louisiana, May, 1901 (C. E. Riggs) ; Lake Catherine, Louisiana, June
5, 1901 (G. E. Beyer) ; Baton Rouge, Louisiana, May 12, 1904 (E. S. G. Titus) ;

Victoria, Texas, November 20, 1902 ( ) ; Dallas, Texas, September 14,

1905 (W. E. Hinds) ; Hotchkiss, Colorado, August 20, 29, 1911 (G. P. Weldon) ;
Delta, Colorado, July 18, 1911 (G. P. Weldon) ; Logan, Cache County, Utah,
October 15, 1913 (C.'T. Vorhies) ; Utah County, Utah, September, 1910 (C. T.
Vorhies) ; Helena, Arkansas, July 30, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Little Rock.
Arkansas, July 11, 1904 (H. S. Barber) ; Port Smith, Arkansas, July 7, 1904
(H. S. Barber) ; Scott, Pulaski County, Arkansas, August 11, 1909 (J. K.
Thibault, Jr.) ; St. Louis, Missouri, June, 1904 (A. Busck) ; Urbana, Illinois,
September 29, 1904 (F. Knab) ; Lake Maxinkuckee, Indiana (B. W. Ever-
mann) ; Saxeville, Wisconsin, June 17, 1909 (B. K. Miller) ; Osceola, Wisconsin,

April 10, 1903 ( ) ; Santiago Maravatio, Salvatiera, State of Guanajuato.

Mexico (A. Duges) ; Tampico, Mexico (J. Goldberger). Reported also from
Vera Cruz, Mexico (Parker, Beyer and Pothier).

This species has been generally considered the Anopheles quadrimaculatus
described by Say in 1824, but it appears that the name in reality applies to the
form herein treated under the specific name occidentalis. This is apparent from
the distribution and from Say's locality, " North-west Territory." Unfortu-
nately we did not make this observation in time to introduce the necessary
corrections in the text. The present species should be known as Anopheles
guttulatus Harris. The name guttulatus was introduced without description
for a probable variety of quadrimaculatus, and its significance being clear by
association, it can be considered available. In 1864 Loew treated the species as
identical with the European Anopheles maculipennis Meigen, and also referred
his Anopheles pictus from Asia Minor as a synonym of it. American authors,
however, held it distinct, until Theobald, in 1901, again referred it as a synonym
to A. maculipennis. Blanchard and Theobald subsequently refer to our species
as the American form of maculipennis. Dyar and Knab, in 1906, again dis-
tinguished the species and adopted the name quadrimaculatus. Van der Wulp,
in 1867, described a male collected by Thore Kumlien in Wisconsin as Anopheles
annulimanus, and this is said also to belong here.

We are sceptically inclined toward the record from Vera Cruz, Mexico, by
Parker, Beyer and Pothier ; no fresh material of this species has been received
from tropical Mexico and we doubt that its range extends into the tropical zone.

ANOPHELES ATROPOS Dyar & Knab.

Anopheles atropos Dyar & Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xix, 160, 1906.
Anopheles atropos Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 85, 1910.

Anopheles atropos Knab, Amer. Journ. Trop. Dis. & Prev. Med., i, 36, 1913.
Original Description of Anopheles atropos:

Deep black; thorax obscurely lined with violaceous, especially posteriorly. Head,
abdomen and legs black, no markings on the pleurae. Wing scales outstanding,
uniform, not forming spots, though a little thicker at the usual points, indicating
the spottings.

Allied to A. quadrimaculatus Say, but rather smaller, and deep black, not brown,
the abdomen without traces of the lighter bandings.
Seven specimens, Florida Keys (Dr. Hiram Byrd).
Type.— Cat. No. 10,029, U. S. Nat, Mus.

Description of Female of Anopheles atropos (Male and Larva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis long, straight, slender; labellse long, lanceolate, black,
with small outstanding black setae ; vestiture appressed, black. Palpi as long
as the proboscis, uniform, slender, clothed with narrow elliptical black scales,
roughened at base, a few seta? at tip; an indistinct whitish ring at base of
penultimate joint. Antennas filiform, the joints subequal, rugose, black, with
long black pile ; hairs of whorls sparse, black, short ; tori subspherical, with a
cup-shaped apical excavation, small, black. Clypeus elongate elliptical, dark
brown, nude. Eyes well separated, black. Occiput with a median groove,

ANOPHELES WALKERI

1033

blackish, the ocular margin and a pair of large transverse spots on the vertex
whitish pruinose ; clothed with erect triangular or notched scales, black through-
out, a tuft of brown hairs projecting forward between the eyes ; a row of set*
along margins of eyes.

Prothoracic lobes lateral, small but prominent, bearing many black bristles.
Mesonotum narrow, elongate, deep brown, black in a broad median stripe on
anterior half and on the lateral areas of posterior half, slightly gray pruinose
in two narrow stripes on anterior half and a very broad median stripe on posterior
half ; vestiture of short brown hair-like scales densest on the disk, some black
bristles on the sides. Scutellum collar-like, dark brown, with a marginal row
of long blackish bristles. Postnotum elliptical, prominent, nude, dark brown,
slightly pruinose. Pleura? and coxa? blackish brown, pruinose, with a few short
hairs.

Abdomen subcylindrical, somewhat depressed, truncate at tip, blackish,
rugose ; vestiture of numerous short black hairs.

Wings (plate 41, fig. 22) moderate, slightly smoky ; petiole of second marginal
cell much shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell slightly longer than
its cell ; basal cross-vein distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein ;
scales of veins broadly linear, brownish black, rather dense and uniformly dis-
tributed, only very slightly denser at the bases of the fork-cells, not forming
distinct spottings. Halteres with pale stem and black knob.

Legs long and slender, vestiture black with a bluish reflection. Claw formula.
0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 4.5 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Life history and habits unknown.

Southern Florida.

Florida Keys (H. Byrd).

Anopheles atropos is remarkable for the general blackish coloration, involv-
ing even the scales of the head and mesonotum. It suggests A. walkeri by the
uniform scaling of the wings and the palpal rings, which latter, however, are
much less distinct than in walkeri. We have only the original series, the species
being evidently very restricted in distribution.

ANOPHELES WALKERI Theobald.

Anopheles walkeri Theobald, Mon. Culicid., i, 299, 1901.

Anopheles species Beyer, N. Orleans Med. & Surg. Journ., liv, 148, 1901.

Anopheles walkeri Giles, Handb. Gnats or Mosq., 2 ed., 329, 1902.

Anopheles Mfurcatus Theobald (in part, not Linna?us), Mon. Culic., iii, 19, 1903.

Anopheles Mfurcatus Giles (in part, not Linnaeus), Rev. Anophelinae, 23, 1904.

Anopheles walkeri Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 167, 1905.

Anopheles Mfurcatus Theobald (in part, not Linnaeus), Mon. Culic., iv, 36, 1907.
Anopheles walkeri Thibault, Proc. Eat. Soc. Wash., xii, 22, 1910.
Anopheles Mfurcatus Theobald (in part, not Linnaeus), Mon. Culic, v, 11, 1910.
Anopheles ivalkeri Knab, Amer. Journ. Trop. Dis. & Prev. Med., i, 36, 1913.

Original Description of Anopheles walkeri:

Head with a patch of thin yellow curved scales in front and thin upright black
ones on the occiput and sides. Thorax deep brown, with numerous curved hair-like
golden scales. Abdomen dark brown to black with dense golden pubescence. Legs
unhanded, brown. Wings unspotted, much as in A. Mfurcatus, but the cross-veins
-differently disposed.

Head greyish-brown, with a patch of yellow curved scales in front ending in
a tuft of yellow hairs between the eyes; behind are long upright black scales with
grey tips, a broadish, central, bare line separating the scales into two portions;
eyes purplish-brown with a hoary white border, most distinct at the sides; antennae
dark brown, greyish pubescence and black hairs, the first few joints have creamy
scales, basal joint round and dark with a few pale scales; proboscis dark brown with
some ochraceous reflections a little longer than the palpi; palpi dark brown with
ochraceous reflections paler at the tips of the joints and at the apex, thickly scaled
along the base; clypeus brown.

Thorax brown when viewed facing strong light, greyish-brown when pointing
away from it, with four grey stripes, very clear in some lights on the denuded
66

1034

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

thorax, indistinct in others and in good specimens; the pale lines run as follows:
two parallel ones in the middle running along about half the length of the meso-
notum, the other two slightly curved, not far distant from the central ones and
longer; the whole mesonotum covered with long, scattered, golden, curved, hair-like
scales; scutellum pale greyish-brown; metanotum chestnut-brown with a narrow,
dark median line; pleurae brown with grey tomentum.

Abdomen blackish-brown clothed with scattered golden hairs, when viewed facing
the light shiny-black and metallic.

Legs long, ochraceous-brown with dark brown scales, especially towards their
extremities, ventral surface of femora ochraceous-brown; there is also a pale knee-
spot on all the legs and a pale spot at the end of the hind tibiae.

Wings with the veins edged with thin, longish, brown scales, mid cross-vein in
advance of the supernumerary and posterior cross-veins, the latter distant from the
mid more than its own length; stems of the two fork-cells about equal, first sub-
marginal cell a little over twice the length of its stem and longer than the second
posterior cell, base of the first cell a little nearer the base of the wing than that of the
second posterior cell; fringe all brown.

Halteres with ochraceous stem and a large globular dusky knob.

Length of body, 5.5 to 6 mm., with proboscis, 10 mm.; of wings, 5.5 mm.; of hind
legs, 12 mm.

Habitat. — Lake Simcoe, Ontario, Canada (E. M. Walker).
Time of capture. — September.

Observations. — This species closely resembles the European A. bifurcatus, but
differs from it in regard to the head ornamentation, the browner appearance of the
thorax and the relative positions of the cross-veins as shown in Figure 60. When
viewed under the microscope in some lights there will be seen four grey thoracic
stripes which are also characteristic, especially when the thorax is rubbed. No
males were unfortunately sent. All the specimens were taken from beds of reeds
close to the low marshy shore of Lake Simcoe. I should not be surprised if this
proved to be Wiedemann's A. ferruginosus (Auss. Zwei. Ins. p. 12, 1828) from New
Orleans, there being a striking resemblance in the thorax.

Description of Female of Anopheles walkebi (Male and Laeva Unknown) :

Female. — Proboscis long, straight, slender; labellae long, lanceolate, brown,
with small outstanding black setae; vestiture appressed, black. Palpi slightly
shorter than the proboscis, uniform, slender, clothed with narrowly elliptical
scales, roughened on basal third, black, with dull silvery-white rings at middle of
long joint, at the articulations of last two joints and at tip of last one, outer por-
tion of long joint and last two joints with rather coarse bristles. Antenna? moder-
ate, filiform, the joints subequal, rugose, black, with long pile, a few silvery-
white scales on second and third joints ; hairs of whorls sparse, black, short ; tori
subspherical, with a cup-shaped apical excavation, small, blackish. Clypeus
elongate elliptical, brown, nude. Eyes well separated, black. Occiput with a
median groove, blackish, integument at margins of eyes white, vestiture of erect
triangular pale scales, their stems dark, some slender recumbent whitish scales
anteriorly, a tuft of long white setae projecting forward between the eyes ; a row
of black bristles along margins of eyes.

Prothoracic lobes lateral, small, elliptical, with some coarse brown bristles.
Mesonotum narrow, elongate, brownish-gray, slightly lighter pruinose in two
narrow stripes on anterior half ; vestiture of short, sparse, golden brown hair-like
scales, slightly denser medianly ; bristles at roots of wings coarse, brown. Scu-
tellum collar-like, luteous, with a row of rather dense, long brown bristles.
Postnotum pale brownish gray, shining, nude. Pleurae brown, pruinose ; coxa?
luteous, with a few short hairs.

Abdomen subcylindrical, somewhat depressed, truncate at tip, brownish-gray,
slightly rugose ; vestiture of numerous short brown bristles with golden luster.

Wings (plate 41, fig. 21) moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell
much shorter than its cell, that of second posterior cell about as long as its cell ;
basal cross-vein distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein ; scales of
veins long and narrow, nearly linear, brownish black, rather uniformly dis-
tributed, only slightly denser and darker in the region of the cross-veins and at
the bases of the fork-cells. Halteres brownish.

Legs long and slender; vestiture blackish brown, knees and apices of tibia?
paler. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

CCELODIAZESIS

1035

Length : Body about 5 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm.
Life history and habits unknown.
Eastern North America.

Ottawa, Ontario, August 23, 1900 (A. Gibson), August 16, 1900 (J. A.
Guignard) ; Auburndale, Massachusetts, September 11, 1907 (C. W. Johnson) ;
Westfield, Massachusetts, August 23, 1903 (F. Knab) ; Addison, Alexandria
County, Virginia, November 7, 1909 (A. N. Caudell) ; Little Eock, Arkansas
(J. K. Thibault, Jr.) ; Terrebonne, Louisiana, March 29. 1901 (G. E. Beyer).
Beported also from Lake Simcoe, Ontario (Theobald).

Theobald, in 1903, expressed the opinion that A nopheles wallceri is a synonym
of the European A. bifurcatus (L). and since then it has been treated as such by
most writers. There can be little doubt, however, that the two are distinct
although very similar in most respects. Our species has the palpi distinctly
ringed with white, while A. bifurcatus is stated to have the palpi uniformly dark
scaled. The most striking point of resemblance is the absence of distinct wing-
spots. Anopheles wallceri shows only a very slight tendency toward the massing
of scales at the bases of the fork-cells, such a conspicuous characteristic for
quadrimaculatus, occidental-is and the European maculipennis. There is some
variation ; some specimens of wallceri show hardly a trace, and none approach
quadrimaculatus in the development of the scale-spots. Of our species, A.
wallceri most resembles ,4. atropos in the scaling of the wings. The latter species
also shows indications of whitish rings on the palpi, but may be distinguished
at once by the very dark body coloring and particularly by the dark scaling of the
mesonotum and the absence of white scales from the vertex.

The species is widely distributed in eastern North America, as will be seen
from our locality records. Beyer, in 1901, reported it, as an unidentified species,
as occurring in abundance in a locality on the coast of Louisiana ; we have one
of his specimens taken at that time. Since then only isolated specimens have
come to hand.

Genus CCELODIAZESIS Dyar & Knab.

Cwlodiazesis Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 177, 1906.

Anopheles Coquillett (in part), U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 12, 1906.

Anopheles Dyar & Knab (in part), Can. Ent., xxxix, 48, 49, 1907.

Anopheles Williston (in part), Man. No. Am. Dipt, 3 ed., 107, 190S.

Cyclophorus Eysell, Arch. Schiffs- u. Trop.-Hyg., xvi, 421, 1912.

The type species are, of Ccelodiazesis Dyar & Knab, Anopheles barberi
Coquillett; of Cyclophorus Eysell, Anopheles nigripes Staeger.
Generic Diagnosis of Aduxt:

Proboscis rather long and slender; palpi long in both sexes, slender in the female,
enlarged at the tip in the male. Antennae filiform in the female, the joints with
basal whorls, plumose in the male, the joints short, the last two long. Prothoracic
lobes remote dorsally, small. Mesonotum convex, rounded, not markedly narrowed
or elongate; scutellum collar-like, not lobed. Postnotum nude. Abdomen sub-
cylindrical, blunt at the tip in the female, depressed and with lateral ciliation in the
male. Wings with the second marginal cell long and with short stem. Legs long
and slender; the claws simple in the female, the male with one of the front claws
large and toothed, the other minute.

Generic Diagnosis of Larva:

Head elongate, the antennae rather small, smooth, the head turning easily on the
neck; mouth parts adapted essentially for vegetable food, the brushes moderate.
Air tube sessile, broad. Abdomen with a dorsal series of short lamellate tufts for
attachment of the body to the surface film of the water. Abdominal segments 1-6
with long ciliate lateral hairs. Lateral plates of the eighth segment with a row of
long teeth posteriorly. Anal segment with a chitinized dorsal plate, the ventral
brush large, strongly feathered.

North temperate zone.

The genus Calodiazesis was founded on certain larval characters. It was
later suppressed ; but we resurrect it, as the genus can be recognized in the imago

1036

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

by the more rounded mesonotum, a character of generalization, and therefore
presumably a valid generic character. The European Coelodiazesis plumb em
(Stephens) and the Himalayan C. barianensis (James) belong here. Major
S. E. Christopers has recently expressed the opinion that these three forms are
identical,* but at least the Indian one is amply distinct. Dr. Adolf Eysell,
without knownedge of the work of Dyar and Knab, established a genus for the
European form, also upon early-stage characters.

The larva? live in the water in hollow trees. They feed upon the organic
matter in the water, but are also occasionally predaceous upon other mosquito
larvae occurring in the tree-holes. The method of hibernation is unknown, but,
as already suggested by Eysell, may be as partly grown larvae.

The eggs of Coelodiazesis differ from those of Anopheles in that the membran-
ous rim acting as float completely encircles the egg. This proves to be the case
in all three of the forms known and thus may be safely considered a generic
peculiarity. In hatching, the egg is split obliquely about two-thirds of the way
round, the inner end of the slit not quite reaching the center of the egg. Doctor
Eysell has treated the early stages of the European form very fully (Arch. f.
Schiff- u. Tropen-Hyg., xvi, 421-431, 1912), and Major Christophers has
treated the Indian species in an equally comprehensive manner (Indian Journ.
Med. Ees., iii, 489-496, pi., 1916).

C(ELODIAZESIS BARBERI (Coquillett) Dyar & Knab.

Anopheles barber i Coquillett, Can. Ent, xxxv, 310, 1903.

Anopheles barberi Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xii, 243, 1904.

Anopheles barberi Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiii, 108, 1905.

Anopheles niger Herrick (nomen nudum), Ent. News, xvi, 283, 1905.

Anopheles bifurcatus Blanchard (in part, not Linnaeus), Les Moustiques, 164, 1905.

Anopheles barberi Blanchard, Les Moustiques, 620, 1905.

Anopheles barberi Smith, Rept. N. J. Agr. Coll. Exp. Sta., 1905, 671, 1906.

Coelodiazesis barberi Dyar & Knab, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, 177, 1906.

Anopheles barberi Coquillett, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 11, 12, 1906.

Anopheles barberi Dyar, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Circular 72, 1, 1906.

Anopheles barberi Howard, Osier's Modern Medicine, i, 383, 386, 1907.

Anopheles barberi Theobald, Mon. Culic, iv, 37, 1907.

Anopheles nigripes Theobald (in part, not Staeger), Mon. Culic, iv, 40, 1907.
Anopheles barberi Viereck, 1st Ann. Rept. Comm. Health Pa., 469, 1908.
Anopheles barberi Morse, Ann. Rept. N. J. State Mus., 1909, 716, 1910.
Coelodiazesis barberi Thibault, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xii, 24, 1910.
Anopheles barberi Theobald, Mon. Culic, v, 12, 1910.

Anopheles nigripes Theobald (in part, not Staeger), Mon. Culic, v, 12. 1910.
Anopheles barberi Knab, Amer. Journ. Trop. Dis. & Prev. Med., i, 36, 1913.

Original, Description of Anopheles barberi:

Near Walkeri, but only about half as large, the upright forked scales of the occiput
chiefly yellowish-white, body devoid of scales, etc. Black, the base of the antennae,
clypeus, stems of halteres, coxae, and trochanters yellow, thorax and scutellum yel-
lowish-brown, front portion of the former and the pleura more yellowish, occiput
devoid of appressed scales; thorax somewhat polished, thinly bluish-gray pruinose,
the hairs and bristles chiefly black, those of the abdomen mostly yellowish, of the
coxae yellow; femora with a distinct bluish tinge, tarsal claws simple; wings
hyaline, the scales brown, the lateral ones lanceolate, petiole of first submarginal
cell about one-third as long as that cell, base of the latter much nearer the base of
the wing than that of the second posterior cell, hind cross vein less than its length
from the small cross vein ; length, 3 mm.

Three females, collected August 14th, 1902, and August 17 and 19, 1903, on
Plummer's Island, Maryland, by Mr. H. S. Barber, after whom the species is named.
Type No. 6959, U. S. National Museum.

Description of Female, Male, Larva, and Egg of Coelodiazesis barberi:

Female. — Proboscis moderately long and slender, straight, uniform ; labella?
long, lanceolate, dull luteous, with small outstanding black seta? ; vestiture
appressed, bronzy brown. Palpi nearly as long as the proboscis, uniform ; vesti-

* An Indian tree-hole breeding anopheles. A. barianensis James = A. (Coelodiazesis) plumbeus,
Haliday. Indian Journ. Med. Pes., iii, no. 3, 489-496, pi.; January, 1916.

CCELODIAZESIS BARBERI

1037

ture brown with a blue reflection ; seta? rather long, especially at tip. Antennae
filiform, the joints subequal, rugose, blackish, with long pile; hairs of whorls
sparse, black, short; tori subspherieal, with a cup-shaped apical excavation,
small, blackish. Clypeus small, rounded elliptical, dark brown, nude. Eyes
narrowly separated, black. Occiput with a median groove, brown, clothed with
erect forked scales, dense and pale brownish yellow posteriorly, more sparse and
white anteriorly, a tuft of fine white hairs projecting forward between the eyes;
a row of black seta? along margins of eyes.

Prothoracic lobes lateral, small but prominent, hearing coarse brown bristles.
Mesonotum short, rounded, convex, dull brown, gray pruinose on the disk, the
margins almost silvery pruinose, two narrow dark impressed bare longitudinal
stripes reaching to antescutellar space ; vestiture of rather sparse yellowish short
hairs on the disk, scattered long and coarse blackish ones toward the sides and in
a denser series over the roots of wings ; antescutellar space strongly depressed.
Scutellum collar-like, luteous brown, with a marginal row of long black bristles.
Postnotum elliptical, prominent, brown, nude. Pleura? luteous brown with
whitish reflections, coxa? yellowish, with a few short hairs, the anterior coxa?
with a row of long yellow-brown bristles.

Abdomen subcylindrical, somewhat depressed, truncate at tip, brown, the
segments with black apical margins ; dorsal vestiture of rather numerous and
coarse brown bristles, longer ones at the sides.

Wings (plate 41, fig. 10) moderate, hyaline; petiole of second marginal cell
one-third as long as the cell, that of second posterior cell about as long as its cell ;
basal cross-vein distant about its own length from anterior cross-vein ; outstand-
ing scales of veins narrowly lanceolate to almost linear, evenly distributed,
uniformly brownish black, those on the costa with a blue and bronzy reflection.
Halteres with pale stems and black knobs.

Legs long and slender; vestiture brownish black with a blue and bronzy
reflection. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 3 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Male. — Palpi slightly longer than the proboscis, the last two joints swollen,
forming an elongate club, with a few coarse black bristles ; scale vestiture bronzy
black. Antenna? plumose ; last two joints long and slender, rugose, black, pilose,
the others shorter, whitish, with black basal rings ; hairs of whorls long, dense,
brown with yellow silky luster. Coloration as in the female. Abdomen elongate,
somewhat depressed, broadened toward tip, black ; lateral ciliation long and
rather dense, brown. Wings narrower than in the female, the stems of the fork-
cells longer, the vestiture more sparse. Claw formula, 3.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 3.5 mm. ; wing 3.5 mm.

Genitalia (plate 38, fig. 257 ) : Side-pieces scarcely longer than Avide, rounded,
a stout seta on inner margin beyond the middle ; at base two long spines with
contiguous bases, a tuft of long fine hairs from a conical base. Clasp-filament
slightly longer than the side-piece and slightly enlarged at base and apex, with
a short and stout articulated terminal spine. Unci columnar, short, with a
rounded tip.

Larva, Stage IV (see the figure of the entire larva, plate 85). — Head
rounded, elongated, longer than wide, tapering before, frontal portion before
insertion of antenna? broadly and somewhat flatly arcuate ; hairs all very small,
simple. Antenna? subcylindrical, short, very slightly tapered, smooth, a single
hair at middle ; three long, equal, smooth, articulated terminal processes. Eyes
inconspicuous. Mental plate small, with a median tooth and five on each side,
perpendicular and rounded, the first small, the rest subequal and rather regularly
spaced. Mandible elongate quadrangular, slightly convex without; a minute
serration on dorsal aspect ; two pairs of flat appendages near tip, basal pair
ciliate, distal pair bent and with long brush-shaped tips, a pair similar but with
smaller appendages just before collar ; an outer row of cilia ; terminal dentition
of seven very large teeth, the third produced, fourth to seventh progressively
shorter ; a square process of fine dentition, four small retracted teeth within ; two

1038

MOSQUITOES OF NORTH AMERICA

filaments above, two within ; a quadrate process at end of dentition, a slender one
at base; a row of setae outwardly, the inner ones longest. Maxilla rounded
rectangular, palpus attached perpendicularly by a pseudoarticulation ; numerous
hairs and divided filaments on inner aspect ; palpus angled at base, short, not
longer than the maxilla, a row of short spines on inner aspect, four terminal
digits and two small hair-tufts. Thorax rounded quadrate, about as long as
wide; hairs short, consisting of feathered hairs and a few short simple ones,
mesothorax sparsely haired. Abdomen moderate, anterior segments short ; long,
feathered lateral hairs, double on first two segments, single on third to sixth ; a
dorsal series of four pairs of fan-shaped tufts on third to sixth segments (plate
130, fig. 462). Air-tube sessile, subquadrate, roundedly angled posteriorly.
Lateral plates of eighth segment posteriorly with a series of long spines without
any shorter ones between. Anal segment about as long as wide, with a dorsal
plate finely spined behind ; dorsal brush of two tufts on each side ; ventral brush
well developed, of long branched tufts. Anal gills moderate, about as long as the
segment, slightly tapered, blunt pointed.

Egg. — Short fusiform, strongly tapered toward both ends, black, the surface
finely granulate ; float consisting of a thin membrane which entirely covers the
dorsal surface (in normal position of egg upon the water) and projects as a
narrow rim along the entire margin, this rim very narrow and crenulate at the
ends, broader at the sides and with a series of numerous impressed transverse
lines.

The eggs were obtained from captured females by Mr. Barber ; they are laid
separately upon the surface of the water. The larvae are found only in water
in tree-holes, in company with larva? of Aedes triseriatus and Orthopodomyia
signifer and also with Megarhinus septentnonalis. The larva? probably feed
normally upon small organisms, but have been observed to devour other mos-
quito larva? with which they were associated. Dr. Dyar obtained small larva?
late in the fall, which failed to mature before winter. It is possible that the
larva? hibernate, but the hibernation may be normally as adult. This species
occurs, with other mosquitoes breeding in tree-holes, in forested regions, often
when the country is so dry that no other mosquitoes are found.

Eastern United States.

Plummer's Island, Maryland, August 17, 1905 (H. S. Barber) ; Cabin John,
Maryland, October, 1908 (F. Knab) ; Bluemont, Virginia, July 29, 1904 (F.
C. Pratt) ; Woodstock, Virginia, August 9, 1904 (F. C. Pratt) ; Tryon, North
Carolina (H. G. Dyar) ; Columbia, South Carolina, August 1, 1906 (A. C.
Moore) ; St. Louis, Missouri, August, 1904 (A. Busck) ; Agricultural College,
Mississippi, October 15, 1905 (G. W. Herrick) ; Scott, Arkansas. October 2,
1 908 (J. K. Thibault, Jr.) . Eeported also from New Jersey (Smith) .

Ccelodiazesis barberi has recently been placed by Major Christophers of India
in the synonymy of the European C. plumbeus (Stephens).* This latter has
been generally treated under Staeger's later name, Anopheles nigripes. We
have for some time considered this synonymy as highly probable, but in the
absence of European material for comparison we prefer to treat the American
form as distinct. Major Christophers also includes in the synonymy Ccelodia-
zesis barianensis (James), from the Himalayas, but his description of this last
shows that it is abundantly distinct. Among other characters, he states that
the mesonotum has "in the centre a line of white scales (plume-like str. 6)
extending from the anterior promontory about half way to the level of the origin
of the wings." No such scales exist in our species. The larva has five pairs of
abdominal fan-shaped tufts, while barberi has but four. It appears that Ccelo-
diazesis barberi has been identified by Theobald and others as the European
Anopheles bifurcatus (L.) and C. plumbeus; from the former it is, of course,
amply distinct, the chief resemblance being the unspotted and uniformly scaled
wings.

• Indian Journ. Med. Res., iii, 490, 1916.

APPENDIX.

CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS.

Such errors as have been noted in the preceding volumes since their appear-
ance are corrected in the following. In a few cases, where it seemed essential,
supplementary notes are given. A few new species from the region included in
this work have been published since the appearance of volume three. These are
noted in the following under their appropriate generic headings, so that the
systematic field may be covered to the present time. In a few cases supple-
mentary matter relating to certain species is added.

Since the manuscript of our last volume was prepared, two of the included
species have proved to be synonyms of others. The number of species actually
treated in this work is therefore 380, instead of 382, as stated in the introduction
to volume three, page v. Adding to these the species previously mentioned as
not included and the ones described since the appearance of volume three, we
have a total of 398 described species from the region included in this work.

Volume I.

Page 108. The statement beginning on the last line and crediting Hagen
with the observation of mosquitoes attacking the chrysalids of butterflies proves
to be incorrect. The flies actually observed sucking chrysalids were a species of
Simulium. In this connection Hagen suggested that perhaps mosquitoes might
do likewise and that this might account for their presence in large numbers in
wild regions where but few warm-blooded animals existed*

Page 190, line 20. For " sporogonic " read " schizogonie."

Page 202. " The mosquitoes that carry malaria." In writing this chapter
we have depended in a considerable measure upon the compiled lists of species
appearing in text-books on tropical medicine. Especially does this apply to the
Old World species, as a sifting of the extensive literature bearing on this subject
was beyond our powers. It now appears that these lists are far from reliable.
No attempt is made here to present a revised list of malaria transmitters, for
this would involve, on the one hand a critical study of the literature involved,
and on the other hand a careful synonymic revision of the anophelines them-
selves. Besides, the mere fact that experimentally this or that species has
developed the malarial parasites is, by itself, of little significance. In any case
the careful worker will go back to the original sources and judge their value
for himself.

Since the preparation of our work, careful systematic studies have been made
of the Old World anophelines and to these we refer the reader. For the African
species we especially recommend the papers of Edwards. \ For the Oriental
forms excellent work has been done by Stanton % and by Christophers.§ The

* Hagen. II. A.. Simulium feeding upon chrysalids. Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 19, 1883, pp. 254-255.

t Some new West African species of Anopheles (sensu lato), with notes on nomenclature.
Bull. Ent. Res., vol. 11, pp. 141-143, 1911.

A key for determining the African species of Anopheles (sensu lato). Bull. Ent. Res., vol. Hi.
pp. 241-250, 1912.

t The Anopheles mosquitoes of Malaya and their larvae, with some notes on malaria carrying
species. Journ. London Sch. Trop. Med., vol. 11, 1912.

The Anopheles of Malaya, Part I. Bull. Ent. Res., vol. iv, pp. 129-133, 1913.
The Anopheles of Malaya, Part 11. Bull. Ent. Res., vol. v, pp. 129-132. 1914.
Notes on Sumatran Cullcidce. Indian Journ. Med. Res., vol. lii, pp. 251-258, 1915.
§ A revision of the nomenclature of Indian Anophelini. Indian Journ. Med. Res., vol. Hi, pp.
454-488, 1916.

1040

APPENDIX

latter author also indicates the malarial relation, where known, together with
the bearing of the species in question upon the epidemiology.

Turning to our American species, it appears that we listed as transmitters
species that had not been proved to be such at that time.

Anopheles punctipennis has been recently proved capable of transmitting
malaria by Dr. W. V. King.*

Anopheles crucians, which had not been definitely proved a malaria trans-
mitter at the time we wrote, has also been demonstrated such by Dr. W. V. King.f

Anopheles grabhamii appears in a number of compilations as a malaria trans-
mitter. We have failed to find any records of investigations with this species.
Apparently a statement by Theobald, " probably it also is the definitive host of
the malarial parasites," % has been converted into a positive one by the compilers.

Volume II.

Plate 147, explanation of figures :

Pig. 693. For " dorsal " read " ventral."

Figs. 694, 695, 696. For " ventral " read " dorsal."

Volume III.

Page 21, line 21. Insert " of the " before " mesonotum."

Genus Sabelhes (page 23).

Sabethes goeldii, new species (page 24, footnote), should have been included
in the text as it occurs within the geographic limits included in this work. How-
ever, this was impossible, as the specimen from Trinidad came to hand after the
volume was already in type. The species was first recognized as new from
Goeldi's figure, which, by comparison with the actual specimen, proves to be an
excellent representation.

Genus Wyeomyia (page 49).

Wyeomyia grenadensis Edwards (Bull. Ent. Bes., vol. vi, 1916, p. 363).
Grenada, West Indies.

Page 162, line 7 from bottom. For " Lestitocampa " read " Lesticocampa."

Genus Culex (page 215).

The following species have been described since the appearance of volume
three :

Culex aseyeluv Dyar and Knab, Ins. Insc. Menstr., vol. iii, p. 112, 1915. Bahama
Islands.

Culex anips Dyar, Ins. Insc. Menstr., vol. iv, p. 48, 1916. San Diego, California.
Culex brehmei Knab, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. xxix, p. 161, 1916. New Jersey.

Page 301. Culex sphinx Howard, Dyar & Knab. A description of the larva,
by Dyar and Knab, will be found in Insecutor Inscitise Menstruus, vol. iii, 1915,
p. 114.

Page 316. Culex erythrothorax.

The scales of the mesonotum are of the " minute hair-like " type, though
rather longer than in C. similis and allies, but not of the " narrow curved "
type as described.

• The role of Anopheles punctipennis Say in the transmission of malaria. Science, N. S.,
vol. 42, pp. 873-874, 1915.

Anopheles punctipennis, a host of tertian malaria. Amer. Jour. Trop. Dis. & Prev. Med., vol.
ill, pp. 426-432, pi. 8, 1916.

t Experiments on the development of malaria parasites in three American species of Anopheles.
Journ. Exper. Med., vol. xxiii, pp. 703-716, pis. 98-105, 1916.

J Mosq. or Culic. Jamaica, 1905, p. 18, and Mon. Culic, vol. iv, 1907, p. 56.

AFPENDIX

1041

Page 317, line 12 {Culex erythrothorax) . Dele "are translucent and."
According to more recent observations by Doctor Dyar, the translucent larva?
occurring in the same situations with those of erythrothorax are those of
C. tarsalis.

Page 343. The statement on the last two lines, that Culex similis is the only
species with " minute hair-like " scales on the mesonotum known to us from
the West Indies, is incorrect. Culex microsquamosus from Jamaica also shows
this characteristic.

Page 359, line 11 from bottom. For " particular" read "particularly."

Page 362, line 15. After second word insert " [Culex pipiens]."

Page 403. Culex microsquamosus. The scales of the mesonotum are of the
" minute hair-like " type and rather sparse, as in Culex similis and C. salinarius.
It should have been grouped with these species in the table (page 220).

Page 516. Mansonia titillans. The eggs and mode of oviposition have been
recently described by Dyar and Knab from notes and specimens kindly fur-
nished by Prof. Harold W. B. Moore, of British Guiana.* The eggs are dis-
posed in a cluster attached to the under surface of the floating Pistia leaves and
project downward into the water.

Volume IV.

Genus Aedes (page 607).

In addition to those already mentioned in our introduction to volume three,
the following species has not been included in the text :

Aedes borealis (Culex borealis Ludlow, Can. Ent., vol. xliii, p. 178, 1911). Alaska.

This species belongs in the group of boreal forms having black legs and
variable thoracic ornamentation. Being described from a female, the species
must remain unrecognized, species in this category being for the most part dis-
tinguishable only by larva; or male genitalia.

The following species, too recently described for inclusion in this work, are
all from the mountains of California :
Aedes tahoensis Dyar, Ins. Insc. Menstr., iv, 82, 191G.
Aedes hexadontus Dyar, Ins. Insc. Menstr., iv, S3, 1916.
Aedes ventrovittis Dyar, Ins. Insc. Menstr., iv, 84, 1916.
Aedes cataphylla Dyar, Ins. Insc. Menstr., iv, 86, 1916.
Aedes increpitus Dyar, Ins. Insc. Menstr., iv, 87, 1916.
Aedes palustris Dyar, Ins. Insc. Menstr., iv, 89, 1916.

Page 687. Aedes Sanson i.

The specimens cited from Eureka and Fieldbrook, California, belong to Aedes
increpitus Dyar. Our discussion of them should be cancelled.
Page 740. Aedes pullaf us.

The specimen cited from Summit, California, belongs to Aedes tahoensis
Dyar. The record should be omitted.

Page 824. .1 edes calopus ~ Aedes argenteus (Poiret).

The original description of Culex argenteus Poiret is quoted and discussed by
Knab in a recent paper. f

Page 927. Uranotcenia anhydor.
Description of Female, Male and Plpa of Uraxot.enia anhydor:

Female. — Proboscis moderate, much dilated at apex, labella? conical ; vestiture
of black scales. Palpi very short, slightly exceeding the clypeus, with black
setae especially at the tips. Antenna? long and slender, the joints subequal,

* Eggs and oviposition in certain species of Mansonia. Ins. Insc. Menstr., vol. iv, pp. 61-68,
1016.

f Tue earliest name of the yellow fever mosquito. Ins. Insc. Menstr., vol. iv. 1916, pp. 50-60.

1042

APPENDIX

rugose, pilose, black, with long coarse ciliation, the joints scarcely thickened at
the insertions of the whorls ; tori globose, with an apical excavation, ocherous,
with a dark brown spot on inner side. Clypeus large, convex, conical, pale
brown. Eyes narrowed above, not contiguous, black with a green reflection.
Occiput with flat recumbent scales, black, brown below, the margins of the eyes
silvery white; erect forked scales on the nape dark; bristles along margins of
eyes coarse, long, black, directed forward.

Prothoracic lobes well separated, moderately large, brown, with a narrow line
of pale violet scales and with a few black bristles. Mesonotum rather light
brown, the bristles forming dark median and subdorsal lines; clothed rather
sparsely with minute hair-like bronzy brown scales ; a short line of pale violet
ones on anterior angles of disk and another before roots of wings ; bristles coarse,
black. Scutellum with the median lobe large, lateral lobes prominent, each
lobe with a group of black setae. Postnotum yellow-brown, broad, nude, shining.
Pleurae brown, with small patches of violet scales; coxae brown, sparsely black-
scaled.

Abdomen cylindrical, blunt at tip ; dorsal vestiture black, bronzy at the bases
of the segments; a row of small, round, silvery white lateral spots, situated
basally on the segments; ventral vestiture of dirty white scales; marginal cilia
of segments abundant, dense, pale.

Wings rather broad, hyaline ; second marginal cell moderate, a little shorter
than its petiole ; second posterior cell also shorter than its petiole ; basal cross-
vein about its own length from the anterior cross-vein ; scales of veins black,
the outstanding ones long, ligulate. Halteres whitish, with dark knobs.

Legs slender, rather long ; vestiture black ; femora silverv white below nearly
to tips. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0.

Length : Body about 3 mm. ; wing 2.7 mm.

Male. — Proboscis straight, moderately long, distinctly enlarged toward apex.
Palpi very short, slightly exceeding the clypeus. Antennae plumose, rather long,
the last two joints long and slender, rugose, brown, with long pile, the others
shorter, subcylindrical, with dark rings at the insertions of the hair-whorls.
Coloration similar to that of the female. Abdomen subcylindrical, rather more
slender than in the female, with many coarse bristles on the genitalia ; brown,
tips and sides of segments black, no white spots. Wings rather narrower than in
the female, the stems of the fork-cells longer, the second marginal cell being less
than half the length of its petiole ; vestiture sparser. Claw formula, 0.0-0.0-0.0 ;
one claw of the mid legs very large, the other of usual size.

Length : Body about 3 mm. ; wing 2.3 mm.

Genitalia: (Not microscopically prepared.)

Pupa. — Cephalothoracic mass subpyriform, the abdomen slender, curved
around, the ends of the paddles reaching the prominence between the eyes. Air-
tubes rather long and slender, slightly expanded at tip, twisted at base, pale,
with a black central band. Hair-tufts small and fine, the pair at base of abdomen
feathery. Color luteous whitish, a dark gray stripe on dorsum of thorax and
abdomen ; eyes black.

Eecently Doctor Dyar rediscovered the larvae in a pond near the mouth of the
San Diego River and succeeded in rearing the adults. The larvae occurred in
the fringe of cat-tails and Lemna and as on the previous occasion were associated
with larvae of Anopheles and Culex. The larvae are fond of resting in an oblique
position, with the air-tube at the surface, the mouth holding to a root of Lemna
or other object. They remain perfectly quiet in this position for a long time.
They do not feed continuously, as with Culex, but feed rapidly along a root or
floating object or side of the receptacle, with a biting motion, then reassume the
position of rest.

Old Town, San Diego, California, May 1, 1916 (H. G. Dyar).

INDEX TO VOLUMES THREE AND FOUR.

[Volume Four begins on page 525.]

abascanta, Wyeomyia, 53, 56, 58, 78, 986
abebela, Wyeomyia, 54, 56, 57, 105, 111, 251,
443, 935

abfitchii, Aedes, 616, 619, 620, 682, 685, 687,

688, 694
abfitchii, Culex, 688

abfitchii, Culex, original description, 688

abfitchii. Culicada, 688

abfitchii, Orabhamia, 688

abfitchii, Ochlerotatus, 688

abia. Wyeomyia, 54, 57, 58, 113

ablabes, Wyeomyia, 54, 56, 57, 104, 107, 112

ablechra, Wyeomyia, 75

ablechra, Wyeomyia, original description, 76
abnormalis, Bathosomyia, 611
abominator, Culex, 222, 226, 228, 319, 378
abrachys, Wyeomyia, 55, 56, 58, 141, 157
abserrata, Culicada, 752
abserratus, Aedes, 617, 618, 620, 735, 752
abserratus, Culex, 752

abserratus, Culex, original description, 752

abserratus, Culicada, 752

abserratus, Ochlerotatus, 752

absobrina, Culiseta, 483, 488

absobrinus, Culex, 483

absobrinus, Culex, 475, 490

absobrinus, Culex, original description, 484

absobrinus, Culiseta, 483

absobrinus, Theobaldia, 483

Acartomyia, 608, 609, 610, 611

acaudata, Teromyia, 928

aculeata, Gilesia, 722

adelpha, Wyeomyia, 54, 57, 58, 126

adelpha, Wyeomyia, 139

Aedeomyia, 40

Aedeomyia, 12, 21, 40, 192, 193, 612, 893
Aedeomyia in tables of genera, 194, 195, 196
Aedeomyina, 12
Aedeomyin^e, 817

Aedes, 49, 215, 216, 526, 608, 863, 893, 898

Aedes, 4, 6, 8, 11, 17, 192, 193, 219, 289, 293,
367, 368, 401, 417, 457, 470, 475, 476, 483,
502, 521, 527, 536, 541, 547, 607, 624, 626,
627, 629, 641, 716, 720, 729, 754, 766, 846,
863, 864, 899, 918, 1041

Aedes in tables of genera, 195, 196

Aedimorphus, 608, 609, 610

Aedimorphus, 611, 612

Aedina, 13

AEDINiE, 14

Aedinus, 216, 217
Aedinus, 217
Aedomyia, 893

aestivalis, Aedes, 617, 618, 621, 736, 741, 747
aestivalis, Culex, Til

aestivalis, Culex, original description, 741
aestivalis, Orabhamia, 741
aestivalis, Ochlerotatus, 741

aestuans, Culex, 359
afflnis, Culex, 230

affinis, Culex, original description, 231

affirmatus, Aedes, 871

affirmatus, Aedes, 875

affirmatus, Aedes, original description, 872

affirmatus, Haemagogus, 871

africanus, Mansonioides, 503

africanus, Stenoscutus, 612

ager, Taeniorhynchus, 601

agilis, Culex, 368

agitator, Culex, 223, 225, 229, 384
agnostips, Wyeomyia, 53, 57, 58, 72, 75
agyrtes, Wyeomyia, 54, 57, 58, 133
aikenii, Culex, 339, 347
aikenii, Culex, original description, 351
Aioretomyia, 610
Aioretomyia, 611, 612
aitkenii, Anopheles, 964
alaskaensis, Culiseta, 477, 498
alaskaensis, Theobaldia, 498
alaskaensis, Theobaldia, original description,
498

albicosta, Bancroftia, 878
albifasciatus, Danielsia, 719
albimana, Cellia, 975, 979

albimanus, Anopheles, 236, 964, 966, 967, 969,

970, 973, 975, 978, 979, 1022
albimanus, Anopheles, 937, 975
albimanus, Cellia, 975, 979
albimanus, Nyssorhynehus, 967, 975
albimanus albipes, Anopheles, 970
albipes, Anopheles, 978
albipes, Anopheles, 975, 979
albipes, Anopheles albimanus, 970
albipes, Anopheles argyritarsis, 984
albipes. Anopheles argyritarsis, 979
albipes, Anopheles argyrotarsis, 975, 979
albipes, Anopheles argyrotarsis, 978
albipes, Anopheles argyrotarsis, original

description, 979
albipes, Cellia, 1009
albipes, Cellia, 975, 979
albipes, Cellia argyrotarsis, 979
albipes, Janthinosoma, 557, 561
albipes, Janthinosoma, 560
albipes, Janthinosoma, original description,

559

albipes, Laverania argyrotarsis, 979
albipes, Orthopodomyia, 878
albiprivatus, Sabethinus, 32
albiprivus, Sabethes, 24
albitarsis, Anopheles, 970, 973, 975, 980
albitarsis, Anopheles, 971
albitarsis, Cellia, 967
albitarsis, Culex, 181
albocephala, Stegomyia, 611
albolineata, Scutomyia, 612

1043

1044

INDEX

albomaculata, Cacomyia, 868, 875

albomaculatus, Cacomyia, 875

albomaculatus, Haemagogus, 75, 160, 180, 621,
863, 864, 868, 872, 877

albomaculatus, Hwmagogus, 875

albomaculatus, Stegoconops, 868

albonotata, Aedes, 618, 619, 620, 853

albonotata, Gymnometopa, 853

albonotata, Gymnometopa, original descrip-
tion, 853

albonotata, Hwmagogus, 853

albopalposus, Culex, 826

albopalposus, Culex, original description, 834
alboscutellata, Lepidotomyia, 611
albotasniata, Danielsia, 611
Aldrichia, 964
Aldrichia, 963, 964

aldrichi, Aedes, 617, 619, 622, 729, 735
Aldrichinella, 964
Aldrichinella, 964
allostigma, Lutzia, 467, 468, 471
alpinus, Culex, 218, 368
amazonensis, Aedinus, 217
americana, Aedeomyia, 893
Ancylorhynchus, 928
Andersonia, 611
Andersonia, 611, 612
andropus, Wyeomyia, 150
andropus, Wyeomyia, original description, 151
august e-alatus, Culex, 826
anguste-alatus, Culex, original description,
833

angustivittatus, Aedes, 617, 619, 622, 776

anhydor, Uranotasnia, 899, 900, 901, 926, 1041

snips, Culex, 1040

Anisocheleomyia, 898

Anisocheleomyia, 899

Ankylorhynch^e, 13

Ankylorhynchus, 928

Ankylorhynchus, 928, 929

annulata, Theobaldia, 494, 496

annulata, Theobaldia, 498, 499

annulata, Trichopronomyia, 217, 243

annulatus, Culex, 494, 496, 498

annulatus, Culex, 475, 500

annulatus, Culiseta, 477, 496, 500

annulatus, Theobaldia, 494

annulatus, Theobaldia, 476

annulimanus, Anopheles, 1028, 1029

annulimanus, Anopheles, 1032

annulimanus, Anopheles, original descrip-
tion, 1029

annulipes, Culex, 221, 226, 230, 258

unnulipes, Melanoconion, 258

annulipes, Melanoconion, original descrip-
tion, 258

annulitarsis, Culex, 825

annulitarsis, Culex, original description, 828

Anopheles, 1035

Anopheles, 2, 6, 8, 11, 12, 17, 90, 105, 191, 193
288, 289, 299, 315, 424, 429, 503, 509, 899,'
900, 904, 906, 914, 920, 922, 926, 962, 965
973, 974, 978, 979, 983, 988, 990, 994, 1007'
1018, 1036, 1039, 1040, 1042

Anopheles in tables of genera, 194, 195

Anopheles sp., 112

Anopheles sp., 979, 1033

Axopiielid^e, 13

Anophelixa, 12, 13, 15, 17, 644, 899
Anophelixve, 11, 13, 14, 17
Anophelines, 21, 22, 193. 962, 1039
Axopheeini, 1039
antiguae, Psorophora, 603
antigua', Taeniorhynchus, 600
antigua?, Taeniorhynchus, original descrip-
tion, 601

antoinetta, Wyeomyia, 53, 56, 58, 67, 83

antoinetta, Wieomyia, 83
anxifer, Culex, 359

anxifer, Culex, 346

apateticus, Culex, new species, 222, 226 230
321

apicalis, Culex, 293
apicalis, Culex, 599

apicalis, Culex, original description, 293
apicalis, Psorophora, 594, 599, 977
apicalis, Uranotania, 908
apicalis, Uranotasnia, 911
apicalis, Uranotaenia, original description,
908

apicalis, Uranotaenia pulcherrima, 900
apicimacula, Anopheles, 966, 995
Aporoculex, 216
Aporoculex, 217

aporonoma, Wyeomyia, 52, 53, 56, 57, 73. 159,
160, 180

arcanum, Culex, 676

arcanus, Culex, 675

arcanus, Culicada, 676

argenteoumbrosus, Microculex, 430

argenteoumbrosus, Microculex, 217

argenteoumbrosus, Microculex, original de-
scription, 432

argentescens, Aedes, 770

argentescens, Aedes, 773

argentescens, Aedes, original description, 771

argenteus, Aedes, 824, 840, 1041

argenteus, Culex, 824

argentinus, Proterorhynchus. 1015

argentinus, Proterorhynchus, 964

argentinus, Proterorhynchus, original de-
scription, 1018

argyritarsis albipes, Anopheles, 984

argyritarsis albipes. Anopheles, 979

argyritarsis, Anopheles, 253, 289, 293, 918, 922,

964, 966, 967, 978, 984
argyritarsis, Anopheles, 975, 979
argyritarsis, Cellia. 967
argyrotarsis albipes. Anopheles, 975, 979
argyrotarsis albipes, Anopheles, 978
argyrotarsis albipes, Anopheles, original de-
scription, 979
argyrotarsis albipes, Cellia, 979
argyrotarsis albipes, Laverania, 979
argyrotarsis, Anopheles, 967
argyrotarsis, Anopheles, 832, 973
argyrotarsis, Cellia, 967, 979
argyrotarsis. Cellia (Anopheles), 967
argyrotarsis, Laverania, 967
argyrura. Wieomyia, 64
argyrura, Wyeomyia, 53, 57, 58, 64, 67
Armigeres, 12, 613
arribalzagae, Ianthinosoma, 569
arribalzagae, Janthinosoma, 569

INDEX

1045

arribalzagae, Janthinosoma, 559, 573, 574

arribalzaga?, Janthinosoma, original descrip-
tion, 570

arribalzaga?, Mansonia, 503

arribalzagai, lanthinosoma, 569

Arribalzagaia, 963, 964

Arribalmgia, 963, 964

Arribalzagia, 964

articulatus, Culex, 699

aseyeha?, Culex, 1040

asiatiea, Lophoscelomyia, 964

asullepta, Wyeomyia, 131

asullepta, Wyeomyia, 133

asullepta, Wyeomyia, original description, 131

atlanticus, Aedes, 617, 618, 620, 797, 799

atrata, Melaniconion, 388

atrutum, Melanoconion, 388

at rat urn, Melanoconium, 388

atratus, Culex, 217, 223, 225, 228, 384, 388

atratus, Melanoconion, 382, 388

atratus, Melanoconion, 382, 384, 393, 395, 400,
409, 410, 412, 415

atripes, Culex, 721

atripes, Theobaldia. 721

atropalpis, Culex, 639

atropalpus, Aedes, 336, 615, 619, 620, 638, 642,
644, 950

atropalpus, Aedes. 642

atropalpus, Culex, 638, 639

atropalpus, Culex, 644, 852

atropalpus, Culex, original description, 639

atropalpus. Culex ?, 639

atropalpus, Culicada, 639

atropalpus, Grabhamia, 639

atropalpus, Ochlerotatus. 639

atropos, Anopheles, 966, 967, 1032, 1035

auratus. Aedes. 806

auratus, Aedes, 778, 792, 809

auratus, Aedes, original description, 806

aureostriata, Aedes, 618, 619, 620, 855

aureostriata. Hwmagogus, 855

aureostriata. Howardina, 855

aureostriata, Howardina, 857

aureostriata, Howardina, original descrip-
tion, 856

aurescens, Sabethinus, 32

aurifer, Aedes, 616, 617, 618, 620, 766

aurifer, Culex, 766, 767

aurifer, Culex, 456, 611, 732, 769, 770

aurifer, Culex, original description, 767

aurifer, Culicada, 767

aurifer, Culieelsa, 767

aurifer, Culieelsa, 749, 750

aurifer, Ochlerotatus, 767

aurifer, Pseudoculex, 767

aurites, Aedes, 618, 619, 622, 859

aurites, Howardina. 859

aurites, Howardina, original description, 859
auroides, Aedes, 617, 618, 620, 749
auroides. Culieelsa, 749

ailroides, Culieelsa, original description, 749

auroides, Ochlerotatus. 749

autocratica, Wyeomyia, 54, 55, 57, 116, 139

azoriensis. Culex, 361

azoriensis, Culex, 363, 364

azoriensis, Culex, original description, 363

azymus, Culex, 165, 223, 226, 227, 451

bahama, Wyeomyia, 53, 57, 58, 62, 101
bahamensis, Culex, 224, 226, 227, 300
balteatus, Aedes, 617, 619, 622, 804, 809
bona, Wyeomyia, 154
banerofti. Culex, 825

bancrofti, Culex, original description, 829

Bancroftia, 877, 878

Bancroftia, 14, 878

baneroftii, Culex, 825

bancroftii, Culex, 348, 832

Banksinella, 609, 610, 611

Banksinella, 611, 613

barbarus, Culex, 223, 226, 227, 337

barberi. Anopheles, 1036

barberi, Anopheles, 1035

barberi. Anopheles, original description, 1036
barberi, Coelodiazesis, 766, 1036
baria, Wyeomyia, 55, 57, 58, 154
barianensis, Anopheles, 1036
barianensis, Cnelodiazesis, 1036, 1038
basalis, Uranotaenia, new species, 289, 293,

900, 901, 917
basilieus, Culex, 240

basilicus, Culex, original description, 242
bastagarius, Culex, 224, 225, 228, 424
Bathosomyia, 611
Bathosomyia, 611, 612
bellator, Anopheles, 966, 967, 985, 988
bifurcatus. Anopheles, 1033, 1036
bifurcatus, Anopheles, 980, 1033, 1034, 1035,
1038

bigoti. Culex, 468
bigoti, Culex, 467

bigoti, Lutzia, 467, 468. 474, 773, 977
bigotii, Culex, 468
bigotii, Lutzia, 468, 471
bigotii, Lutzia, 248, 253, 289, 424
bigotii, Taeniorhynchus, 468
bimaculatus, Aedes, 615, 618, 619, 622, 627
bimaculatus. Culex, 622

bimaculatus, Culex, original description, 622
bimaculatus. Ochlerotatus. 622
bipartipes, Sabethes, 24, 25, 30
Bironella, 899

bisulcatus, Culex, 222, 225, 226, 306, 448

bisulcatus. Micraedes, 306

bisulcatus, Micraedes, 217

bisulcatus, Micraedes, original description,

306

boliviensis, Anopheles, 974, 986, 988
boliviensis, Kerteszia, 964
borealis, Aedes, 1041
borealis, Culex. 1041
boscii. Psorophora. 530
boscii, Psorophora, 531, 536
Brachiomyia, 199
Brachiomyia, 12, 200, 205
Brachiosoma. 199
Brachiosoma, 12, 200

bracteatus, Aedes, 617, 619, 621, 802, 805, 809,
810

bracteatus, Culex, 802

bracteatus, Culex, original description, S02
bracteatus. Ochlerotatus. 802
brakeleyi, Corethrella, 509
brehmei, Culex, 1040
brevipalpis, Toxorhynchites, 928

1046

INDEX

brittoni, Culex, 457

brittoni, Culex, original description, 458
bromeliarum, Wyeomyia, 52, 54, 56, 57, 131
busckii, Aedes, 618, 619, 620, 621, 860
busckii, Oymnometopa, 860
busckii, Gymnometopa, 853
busckii, Hwmagogus, 860
busckii, Stegomyia, 860

busckii, Stegomyia, original description, 860
butleri, Aedes, 322, 323, 612
butleri, Verrallina, 323

cacodela, Wyeomyia, 52, 54, 55, 57, 121, 128,

129
Cacomyia, 863
Cacomyia, 863, 871, 877

cacophrades, Limatus, 41, 45, 48, 55, 57, 75,

160, 180
cascus, Culex, 611
calopus, Aedes, 1041

calopus, Aedes, 47, 195, 354, 358, 380, 544, 603,
615, 616, 619, 620, 682, 766, 812, 824, 840,
891, 977

calopus, Aedes, in table of genera, 195

calopus, Culex, 824, 825, 826

calopus, Culex (Stegomyia) , 826

calopus, Stegomyia, 826, 827

calopus, Stegomyia, 614, 983

calosomata, Uranotaenia, 130, 131, 474, 900,

901, 922
Calvertia, 963
Calvertia, 964
Calvertina, 964
Calvertina, 964

campestris, Aedes, 615, 619, 622, 627

camptorhynchus, Culex, 478

canadensis, Aedes, 615, 619, 621, 647, 682, 732,

746, 801
canadensis, Culex, 647, 648
canadensis, Culex, 456, 611, 639, 697, 712, 730,

732, 769, 770
canadensis, Culex, original description, 648
canadensis, Culex (Ochlerotatus) , 648
canadensis, Culicada, 648
canadensis, Culicada (?), 648
canadensis, Ctilicada (Culex), 648
canadensis, Grabhamia, 648
canadensis, Ochlerotatus, 648
cancer, Deinocerites, 197, 200, 201, 206, 207,

209, 211, 259, 260, 261
cancer, Deinocerites, 197, 201, 210, 373
cancer, Dcinokerides, 201
canfieldi, Sabethes, 89
canfleldi, Sabethes, original description, 89
canfieldi, Sabethes (?), 89
canfieldi, Wyeomyia, 53, 57, 87, 89
cantans, Culex, 490, 676, 688, 689, 703, 740
cantans, Culex, 679, 686, 700
cantans, Culex, (no. 1), 688
cantans, Culex, (no. 2), 682
cantans, Culicada, 679

cantator, Aedes, 508, 616, 618, 621, 661, 700
cantator, Culex, 700

cantator, Culex, 653, 662, 663, 664, 670, 671,

702, 703, 704, 705
cantatoi , Culex, original description, 700
cayitator, Culex (Ochlerotatus), 700

cantator, Culicada, 700
cantator, Culicada, 458
cantator, Orabhamia, 700
cantator, Ochlerotatus, 700
capricorni, Stegoconops, 875
capricorni, Stegoconops, original description,
875

capricornii, Aedes, 875

capricornii, Haemagogus, 620, 863, 864, 865,

871, 875
capricornii, Stegoconops, 875
cara, Wyeomyia, 54, 57, 58, 118
caraibeus, Culex, new species, 221, 226, 228,

257, 373

carcinophilus, Culex, 223, 226, 229, 412
carmodya3, Culex, 221, 224, 227, 255, 267, 273
carmodyen mollis, Culex, 267
carmodyae mollis, Culex, original description,
267

Carrollia, 4, 14, 192, 218, 219, 461
Carrollia in table of genera, 194, 195, 196
Carrollia, key to larvae, 226
Catageiomyia, 608, 609, 610, 611
Catageiomyia, 611
Catagiomyia, 608
cataphylla, Aedes, 1041
catasticta, Aedeomyia, 893, 898
caudelli, Culex, 223, 226, 229, 395
caudelli, Mochlostyrax, 395
caudelli, Mochlostyrax, 217
caudelli, Mochlostyrax, original description,
395

celaenocephala, Wyeomyia, 55, 57, 58, 155
Cellia, 962, 963, 964
Cellia, 12, 964, 971
centaurus, Psorophora, 531
centaurus, Psorophora, 536
centrale, Janthinosoma, 548
centrale, Janthinosoma, 552
centrale, Janthinosoma, original description,
550

centrotus, new species, Aedes, 617, 619, 622,
747

Ceratocystia, 525
Ceratocystia, 548
ceylonica, Dactylomyia, 964
Chagasia, 964

chalcocephala, Wyeomyia, 55, 56, 57, 144, 145
chalcocephala, Wyeomyia, 142
chalcocorystes, Culex, v
champerico, Janthinosoma, 563
champerico, Psorophora, 528, 529, 530, 563
Chironomid.^:, 2, 218
chloroventer, Culex, 364
chresta, Wyeomyia, 55, 56, 57, 139
Christophersia, 964
Christophersia, 964
christophersii, Culex, 346
christophersii, Culex, original description,
351

Christya, 963, 964
Christya, 964

chrysomus, Phoniomyia, 70
chrysomus, Phoniomyia, original description,
70

chrysomus, Wyeomyia, 52, 53, 56, 58, 70

Chrysoconops, 501, 609, 610

INDEX

1047

Chrysoconops, 611, 627

chrysonotum, Culex, 222, 226, 228, 310

Chrystya, 963

(Maris, Culex, 346

ciliaris, Culex, 348, 359, 367

ciliata, Culex, 530

ciliata, Culex, 526, 531

ciliata, Psorophora, 290, 527, 529, 530, 547,

772, 789, 801, 802
ciliatus, Culex, 530
eiliatus, Psorophora, 530
cilipes, Culex, 538
cilipes, Culex, 539

cilipes, Psorophora, 527, 529, 530, 538, 541,
781

cilipes, Psorophora, 536, 544
cinctipes, Corethra, 730
cinereoborealis, Culex, 759
cinereoborealis, Culex, 490, 762
cinereoborealis, Culex, original description,
760

cinereoborealis, Culicada, 759
cinereoborealis, Ochlerotatus, 759
cinereus, Aedes, 376, 733
cingulatus, Culex, 286, 597
cingulatus, Culex, 241, 668
cingulatus, Culex, original description, 597
cingulatus, Psorophora, 408, 528, 529, 596,
597

circumcincta, Wyeomyia, 21, 47, 52, 55, 57, 86,

149, 150, 154, 935
clasoleuca, Wyeomyia, 54, 57, 58, 92, 158
Climacura, new subgenus, 192, 452
Climacura, new subgenus, in table of genera,

195

coatzacoalcos, Uranta?nia, 900, 901, 916
codiocampa, Wyeomyia, 41, 54, 56, 57, 101
Ccelodiazesis, 193, 1035
Coelodiazesis in tables of genera, 194, 195
ccenonus, Wyeomyia, new species, 55, 58, 153
cofflni, Janthinosoma, 574
coffini, Janthinosoma, 573
cofflni, Janthinosoma, original description,
574

coffini, Psorophora, 528, 529, 530, 574
Columbia-, Aedes, 591
Columbia', Janthinosoma, 590, 591
Columbia?, Janthinosoma, original description,
591

eolumbiae, Psorophora, 528, 529, 534, 588, 590

comitatus, Culex, 223, 225, 228, 369

communis, Culex, 218, 368

conchita, Wieomyia, 63

conchita, Wyeomyia, 53, 57, 58, 63

Conchyliastes, 525

concolor, Culex, 16

condolescens, Aedes, 617, 619, 622, 789

con finis, Culex, 590

confinis, Culex, 594

confinis, Grabhamia, 594

co'n finis, Ta'niorhynchus, 597

confinis, Tseniorhynchus, 594

confinnis, Ta'niorhynchus, 597

confinnis, Tamiorhynchus, 502, 594, 599

confirmatus, Culex, 430, 783, 784, 789, 799, 804

confirmatus, Culex, 547, 781, 785, 802

confirmatus, Culicada, 784

confirmatus, Culicada, 807

confirmatus, Culicelsa, 781

confirmatus, Ochlerotatus, 783, 784, 789

confirmatus, Ochlerotatus, 611

confirmatus, Ochlerotatus, original descrip-
tion, 784

confusus, Myxosquamus, 611

confusus, Prosopolepis, 160

confusus, Sabethoide, 37

confusus, Sabethoides. 37

confusus, Sabethoides, 29, 37, 40

confusus, Sabethoides, original description,
38

conservator, Culex, 187, 222, 225, 229, 308, 386,

387, 448, 451
consobrina, Culiseta, 488
vonsobrinus, Culex, 360, 483, 488
consobrinus, Culex, 484, 493
consobrinus, Culex, original description, 362
consobrinus, Ctiliseta, 488
consolator, Culex, 221, 225, 229, 439, 443
conspirator, Culex, 223, 226, 228, 410
consternator, Culex, 331
consternator, Culex, 819

consternator, Culex, original description, 331
conterrens, Culex, 530
conterrens, Culex, 532
continentalis, Uranotsenia, 900, 901, 914
coquilletti, Uranotamia, 905
coquilletti, Uranotsenia, 908
coquilletti, Uranotanria, original description,
906

Coquillettidia, 501
Coquillettidia, 501
coquillettii, Janthinosoma, 548
coketheid.e, 13
cobetiirina, 12

Coeethrin^e, 2, 13, 14, 20, 190, 194
Cokethrin^e in table of subfamilies, 1
corniger, Culex, 220, 221, 222, 224, 226, 240,

538, 541
corniger, Culex corniger, 244
corniger, Culex, 244
corniger corniger, Culex, 244
coronator, Culex, 221, 225, 228, 241, 253, 276,

286, 293, 339, 371, 424, 470, 474, 597, 773,

918 977 983
corrigani, Culex, 222, 223, 226, 229, 386, 448,

451

corticula. Twniorhynchus, 515
costalis, Anopheles, 964, 980
costernator, Culex, 331
coticula, Mansonia, 503, 504, 515
coticula, Ta'niorhynchus, 515
coticula, Ta?niorhynchus, original description,
515

crucians, Anopheles, 965, 966, 967, 1023, 1040

crucians, Anopheles, 1009

crucians. Anopheles (f), 1023

cruzi, Anopheles, species near, 986

cruzii. Anopheles, 986

cruzii, Anopheles, 988

Culex, 461, 525, 607, 608, 609, 610, 927

Culex, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, 17, 18, 42, 47, 50,
90, 100, 134, 163, 169, 185, 191, 192, 200, 203,
215, 296, 308, 368, 461, 467, 470, 473, 474,
475, 476, 489, 494, 502, 503, 513, 514, 527,

1048

INDEX

543, 544, 597, 600, 612, 613, 614, 722, 729,

743, 806, 848, 850, 893, 899, 900, 904, 914,

929, 947, 1040, 1042
Culex in tables of genera, 194, 195, 196
Culex n. sp., 489
Culex n. sp., 230
Culex sp. nov. ?, 345
Culex sp., 333
Culex (? sp.), 346
Culex sp. f (Salt marsh), 700
cubensis, Anopheles, 979
cubensis, Anopheles, 978, 984
cubensis, Anopheles, original description, 980
cubensis, Culex, 345, 346, 347, 369
cubensis, Culex, 236, 337, 344, 384
cubensis, Culex, original description, 348
cubensis, Mochlostyrax, 384
cubensis, Mochlostyrax, original description,

384

cubensis, Nyssorhynchus, 975, 979
Culicada, 608, 609, 610
Culicada, 611
Culicella. 216
Culicella, 217

Culicella, subgenus, 192, 457

Culicella, subgenus, in table of genera, 195

Culicelsa, 608, 609, 610

Culicelsa, 611

Culicicla, 609

Culicims, 1, 2, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 218, 908, 1039,
1040

culicifacies, Anopheles, 965
Culicina, 12, 13

Culicin;e, 2, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 817

Culicina in table of subfamilies, 1

Culicines, 21, 192, 215

Culicini, v, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 14, 20, 21, 22, 189

Culicini in tables of tribes, 2

Culiciomyia, 216, 217

Culiciomyia, 217

culicivora, Lesticocampa, 130, 163, 164, 166,
168

culicivora, Lesticocampa ?, 168
Culiseta, 5, 8, 192, 457, 474, 475
Culiseta in tables of genera, 194, 195, 196
cumminsi, Ochlerotatus, 699
cumminsii, Aedes, 699
cumminsii, Culex, 699

cuneatus, Aedes, 253, 289, 470, 617, 618, 621,

770, 789, 1000
curriei, Aedes, 615, 618, 621, 630, 631, 633, 634,

658, 678
curriei, Culex, 629, 634, 635
curriei, Culex, 630

curriei, Culex, original description, 635
curriei, Culicada, 634
curriei, Grabhamia, 629, 634, 635
curriei, Grabhamia, 636, 709
curriei group of Aedes, 665
curriei, Ochlerotatus, 635
curvirostris, Aedeomyia, 42
curvirostris, Simondella, 42
curvirostris, Simondella, 40
curvirostris, Simondella, original description,
42

cyanescens, Aedes, 567
cyanescens, Culex, 567, 574

cyanescens, Culex, 526, 575

cyanescens, Culex, original description, 567

cyanescens, Feltidia, 567

cyanescens, Lepidosia, 567

cyanescens, Psorophora, 528, 529, 547, 567

cyaneus, Aedes, 865

cyaneus, Aedes, 159

cyaneus, Culex, 26

cyaneus, Culex, 29, 30, 865, 867

cyaneus, Culex, original description, 27

cyaneus, Hwmagogus, 27, 865

cyaneus, Haemagogus, 868, 869, 872

cyaneus, Sabethes, 24, 25, 26

cyaneus, Sabethes, 37

cyaneus, Sabethoides, 37

Cyclolepidopteron, 962, 963, 964

Cyclolepidopteron, 964

Cycloleppteron, 962, 963, 964

Cycloleppteron, 12, 964, 991, 994

Cyclophorus, 1035

Cyclophorus, 1035

Dactylomyia, 964

Dactylomyia, 964

darnnosus, Aedes, 668

damnosus, Culex, 667, 668

darnnosus, Culex, original description, 668

damnosus, Ochlerotatus, 668

Danielsia, 608, 609, 610

Danielsia, 611, 720

daumastocampa, Culex, 221, 225, 226, 435
daumasturus, Culex, 430
daumasturus, Culex, 435, 449
daumasturus, Culex, original description, 431
deceptor, Culex, 223, 226, 230, 408, 409
declarator, Culex, 221, 225, 227, 269
decorator, Culex, 224, 226, 229, 427
decticus, Aedes, new species, 617, 619, 622,
737

Deinoceratinae, 199

Deinocerites, 4, 7, 12, 13, 21, 189, 191, 196, 199,

212, 214, 327
Deinocerites in tables of genera, 195, 196

Deinocebitin^e, 14
Deinoceritinae, 199
Deinocekitines, 191, 196
Deinokerides, 199
Deinokerides, 200

delys, Culex, new species, 222, 226, 230, 317
Dendromyia, 49, 50
Dendromyia, 50, 51, 71. 81
Dendromyia sp., 81
Dendromyin^e, 13
de niedmannii, Grabhamia, 705
de niedmannii, Grabhamia, original descrip-
tion, 705

derivator, Culex, 222, 224, 228, 253, 289, 290,

772, 918, 997, 1000
Dermatobia, 548
Desvoidya, 613

diantaeus, Aedes, new species, 617, 619, 622,
758

dicellaphora, Lesticocampa, new species, 163,

164, 166, 187
dictator, Culex, 221, 225, 227, 266
digitatus, Culex, 176
digitatus, Culex, 181

INDEX

1049

digitatus, Culex, original description, 177
digitatus, Joblotia, 45, 49, 163, 168, 176, 182,
183, 185

Dinanamesus, 191, 196, 200, 213
Dinanamesus in tables of genera, 195
Dinanamesus, table of species, 201
Dinomimetes, 3, 21, 22, 189, 191, 196, 200
Dinomimetes in tables of genera, 195, 196
Dinomimetes, tables of species, 201
dipseticus, Culex quinquefasciatus, 347
dipseticus, Culex quinquefasciatus, 354, 359,
369

dipseticus, Culex quinquefasciatus, original

description, 352
discolor, Aedes, 578
discolor, Ceratocystia, 578
discolor, Culex, 578
discolor, Culex, 526

discolor, Culex, original description, 578

discolor, Culex (Orabhamia), 578
discolor, Feltidia, 578
discolor, Orabhamia, 578
discolor, Psorophora, 528, 529, 543, 578
discrucians, Aedes, 569
discrucians, Culex, 569
discrucians, Culex, 526, 558, 570
discrucians, Culex, original description, 569
discrucians, Ianthinosoma, 557
discrucians, Janthinosoma, 548, 554, 557, 569
discrucians, Janthinosoma, 558, 559, 560, 573,
574

discrucians, Janthinosoma, original descrip-
tion, 558

discrucians, Psorophora, 528, 529, 569, 574,
575

divisor, Culex, 308

divisor, Culex, original description, 308
Dixa, 1, 2, 13, 190, 194
Dixid.e, 1
Dixix^c, 1, 2

dolosa, Heteronycha, 611, 614
domestica, Uranoteenia, 611
domesticus, Culex, 358, 368
dorsalis, Aedes, 634, 638
dorsalis, Culex, 635, 724
dorsalis, Grabhamia, 692, 706
drapetes, Wyeomyia, 54, 56, 58, 109
dubius, Anopheles, 979
dubius, Anopheles, 984
dugesi, Culiseta, 477, 496
duplicator, Culex, 220, 225, 230, 235
dupreei, Aedes, 617, 618, 620, 779
dupreei, Culex, 779
dupreei, Culex, 792

dupreei, Culex, original description, 779

dupreei, Culicada, 779

dupreei, Grabhamia, 779

dupreei. Oehlerotatus, 779

dupreei, Protoculex ?. 779

durhami, Limatus, 42, 45

durhami, Limatus, 46

durhami, Wyeomyia, 42, 45

durhami, Wyeomyia, 159

durhamii, Limatus, 40, 41, 42, 48, 55, 57, 181,

812, 977
durhamii, Limatus, 45
Duttonia, 609

Duttonia, 611, 612

dyari, Aedes, 458

dyari, Culex, 7, 217, 219, 221, 224, 226, 452,

457, 458
dyari, Culicella, 457, 458
dymodora, Wyeomyia, 157
dymodora, Wyeomyia, 156, 159
dymodora, Wyeomyia, original description,

158

Ecculex, 216, 608, 609
Ecculex, 611

echinata, Janthinosoma, 548

echinata, Janthinosoma, original description,

549

echinata, Psorophora, 552

echinata, Psorophora posticatus, 528

educator, Culex, 414

educator, Culex, original description, 415

egberti, Culex, 224, 226, 230, 421

eiseni, Anopheles, 47, 249, 292, 322, 473, 966,

967, 1002
elegans, Anopheles, 964
elegans, Culex, 825

elegans, Culex, original description, 830
elevator, Culex, 223, 226, 228, 414
elocutilis, Culex, 221, 225, 230, 247
eloisa, Wyeomyia, new species, 54, 55, 57, 121.

124, 126, 167
epactius, Aedes, 253, 615, 619, 620, 642, 721
epaticus, Aedes, 642

epitedeus, Dinomimetes, 196, 197, 199, 201,

213, 327
equina, Cacomyia, 871
equinus, Cacomyia, 871
equinus, Culex, 872

equinus, Hasmagogus, 620, 864, 865, 871
equinus, Stegoconops, 871
equivocator, Culex, 222, 224, 227, 327
eremita, Culex, new species, 221, 224, 228,
261

Eretmapodites, 12

erraticus, Culex, 223, 226, 229, 382

erraticus, Mochlostyrax, 382

erraticus, Mochlostyrax, original description,

382

error, Aldrichia, 964

erythrothorax, Culex, 222, 225, 227, 315, 927,
1040

espartana, Wyeomyia, 54, 56, 58, 108

espini, Lesticocampa, v

Eucorethra, 2, 190, 191, 194

euedes, Aedes, new species, 616, 619, 622, 714

cuethes, Wyeomyia, 142

euethes, Wyeomyia, 127

euethes, Wyeomyia, original description, 143
Eumelanomyia, 217
Eumelanomyia, 217
eumimetes, Culex, 220, 224, 229, 238
euochrus, Aedes, new species, 616, 619, 622,
716

euplocamus, Aedes, 470, 617, 618, 621, 787, 791
euplocamus, Aedes, 784
exagitans, Culex, 825
exagitans, Culex, 513

exagitans, Culex, original description, 829

excitans, Culex, 825

67

1050

INDEX

excitans, Culex, original description, 828
excrucians, Aedes, 618, 619, 622, 862
excrucians, Culex, 505, 862
excrucians, Culex, 863

excrucians, Culex, original description, 862
extricator, Culex, 199, 209, 222, 225, 227, 319,
325

factor, Culex, 223, 224, 228, 371
factor, Culex, 257, 274, 339
fajardoi, Chagasia, 992
falbici, Theobaldia, 499
falsificator, Culex, 224, 225, 230, 425
fasciata, Stegomyia, 242, 431, 603, 613, 831,
832, 833

fasciata, Stegomyia, 825, 826, 827
fasciata luciensis, Stegomyia, 825
fasciata luciensis, Stegomyia, original de-
scription, 831
fasciata mosquito, Stegomyia, 825
fasciata -persistans, Stegomyia, 826, 827
fasciata persistans, Stegomyia, 840
fasciata persistans, Stegomyia, original de-
scription, 832
fasciata queenslandensis, Stegomyia, 825
fasciata queenslandensis, Stegomyia, original

description, 832
fasciatus, Culex, 824, 825

fasciatus, Culex, 513, 612, 613, 828, 840, 850,
888

fasciatus, Culex, original description, 827
fasciatus, Inscules, 827
fasciolata, Rhynchotwnia, 512
fasciolatus, Culex, 512
fasciolatus, Mansonia, 503, 504, 512, 520
fasciolatus, Pseudotwniorhynchus, 512
fasciolatus, Twniorhynchus, 512
fasciolatus, Taeniorhynchus, 501, 502, 582
fasciolatus, Taeniorhynchus, original descrip-
tion, 512
fascipes, Bancroftia, 882
fascipes, Mansonia, 882

fascipes, Mansonia, original description, 882

fascipes, Orthopodomyia, 466, 879, 882

fatigans, Culex, 333, 345, 346, 347

fatigans, Culex, 340, 343, 349, 350, 351, 352,
359, 363, 364, 404

fatigans, Culex, original description, 347

fatigans, Culex pipiens, 347

fatigans luteoannulatus, Culex, 346

fatigans luteoannulatus, Culex, original de-
scription, 350

fatigans macleayi, Culex, 346

fatigans macleayi, Culex, original description,
350

fatigans skusii, Culex, 346
fatigans trilineatus, Culex, 346
fatigans trilineatus, Culex, original descrip-
tion, 350
Feltidia, 525
Feltinella, 963, 964
Feltmella, 964
ferox, Culex, 950
ferox, Megarhina, 946, 956
ferox, Megarhina, 950, 958
ferox, Megarhinus, 946
ferruginosus, Anopheles, 345, 346

ferruginosus, Anopheles, 1034
ferruginosus, Anopheles, original description,
348

Finlaya, 608, 609, 610, 611, 877
Finlaya, 611, 612, 763

fitchii, Aedes, 615, 616, 618, 621, 682, 691, 694
fitchii, Culex, 682, 683
fitchii, Culex, 688

fitchii, Culex, original description, 683
fitchii, Culicada, 682, 683
fitchii, Grabhamia, 683
fitchii, Ochlerotatus, 683
flaveolus, Mansonia, 503, 504, 521
flaveolus, Twniorhynchus, 521
flaveolus, Taeniorhynchus, original descrip-
tion, 521
flaveolus, Taeniorhynchus (?), 521
flavescens. Culex, 675
flavescens, Culex, 678

flavescens, Culex, original description, 676
flavicosta, Culex, 624
flavicosta, Culex, 627

flavicosta, Culex, original description, 625
flavipes, Culex, 345, 346
flavipes, Culex, 340, 358, 359, 614
flavipes, Culex, original description, 348
fletcheri, Aedes, 616, 618, 620, 675, 685
fletcheri, Culex, 675, 676
fletcheri, Culex, original description, 676
fletcheri, Ochlerotatus, 675
fletcherii, Grabhamia, 656
floridanus, Culex, 223, 226, 229, 402
floridanus, Mochlostyrax, 402
floridanus, Mochlostyrax, original description,
402

floridense, Janthinosoma, 586
floridense, Janthinosoma, 588
floridense, Janthinosoma, original descrip-
tion, 586

floridense, Psorophora, 528, 529, 586, 594, 801
fluviatilis, Aedes, 253, 616, 619, 621, 643, 717,

918, 977
fluviatilis, Culex, 717

fluviatilis, Culex, original description, 718

fluviatilis, Culicada, 717

fluviatilis, Goeldia, 185, 187

fluviatilis, Goeldia, original description, 185

fluviatilis, Oualteria, 717

fluviatilis, Hwmagogus, 717

formosus, Culex, 825

formosus, Culex, original description, 828
fouchowensis, Culex, 346
fouchowensis, Culex, original description, 349
franciscanus, Anopheles, 1014, 1015
franciscanus, Anopheles, 1023
franciscanus, Anopheles, original description,
1016

frater, Culex, 824

frater, Culex, original description, 827
fratercula, Wyeomyia, 53, 57, 58, 68, 69

frickii, Culex, 293

frickii, Culex, original description, 294

frontosa, Runchomyia, 186

fuliginosus, Anopheles, 965

fulva, Psorophora, 625

fulvithorax, Aedes, 617, 619, 621, 844

fulvithorax, Oualteria, 844

INDEX

1051

fulvithorax, Gualteria, original description,
844

fulvithorax, Hwmagogus. 844
fulvus, Aedes, 615, 619, 622, 624
fulvus, Chrysoconops, 625
fulvus, Culex, 624
fulvus, Culex, 611

fulvus, Culex, original description, 625
fulvus, Twniorhynchus, 624, 625
fumipennis, Culicada, 457
fumipennis, Theobaldia, 457
fur, Culex, 222, 226, 230, 311, 314
fusca, Desvoidea, 763
fuscopalpalis, Culicada, 699
fuscus, Aedes, 94, 733 footnote
fuscus, Aedes, 95, 195, 306, 616, 619, 620, 729,
746

fuscus, Aedes, in table of genera, 195
fuscus, Pectinopalpus, 217

galoa, Wyeomyia, 54, 56, 58, 127, 131, 146, 170
galoa, Wyeomyia, 129
gaudeator, Culex, 443

gaudeator, Culex, original description, 443
gaudeator, Culex jenningsi, 443
Geitomyia, 610
Geitomyia, 611, 612
gelidus, Culex, 217

geometrica, Uranotsenia, 900, 901, 909, 918
geometrica, Uranotwnia (?), 918
gigas, Anopheles, 964
Gilesia, 608, 609, 610, 611
Gilesia, 612

glaucocephala, Wyeomyia, 54, 57, 58, 136
Onophodeomyia, 216
Gnophodeomyia, 217
Onophodromyia, 216
Goeldia, 161, 185

goeldii, Sabethes, new species, 24, 1040
gorgasi. Anopheles, 975
gorgasi, Anopheles, 978

gorgasi, Anopheles, original description, 975
goughii. Culex, 347

goughii, Culex, original description, 352
Grabharnia, 401, 408, 547, 600, 692
Grabhamia, 216, 525, 526, 608, 609, 610
grabhami, Cyclolepidopteron, 1006
grabhamii, Anopheles, 964, 966, 967, 1006,
1040

grabhamii, Cycloleppteron, 1006
grabhamii, Cycloleppteron, 994
grandiosa, Megarhinus, 931, 932, 939
grandiosa, Megarrhina, 939
grandiosa, Megarrhina, original description,
939

grandiosus, Megarhinus, 939

grandiosus, Megarhinus (f Toxorhynchites),

939
Grassia, 962
Grassia, 12, 964
grata, Worcesteria, 928
gravitator, Culex, 224, 226, 229, 441, 448
grayii, Wyeomnia, 69

grayii, Wyeomyia, 50, 51, 55, 57, 58, 81, 115,

135, 308
grayii, Wyeomyia, 69
grenadensis, Wyeomyia, 1040

grisea, Grabhamia, 655

grisea, Grabhamia, original description, 656
grossbecki, Aedes, 616, 618, 621, 708
grossbecki, Aedes, 635

guadeloupensis, Megarhinus, 931, 932, 954

Gualteria, 14, 611

Gualteria, 608, 609, 610

guatemala, Wyeomyia, 53, 57, 58, 75

gubernatoris, Stegomyia, 611

guiarti, Culex, 364

guttulatus, Anopheles, 1032

guttulatus, Anopheles, 1028

Gymnometopa, 609, 610

Gymnometopa, 611

gynrecopus, Wyeomyia, 54, 57, 58, 107
habanicus, Aedes, 802

habanicus, Aedes, original description, 802
habilitator, Culex, 221, 224, 228, 262

HjEMAGOGINiE, 13

Hiemagogus, 3, 6, 7, 11, 14, 21, 22, 29, 189, 192,

863, 872, 953, 958
Hsemagogus in tables of genera, 194, 195, 196
Haemagogus, table of larvae, 619
hcrmatophagus, Culex, 361
ha?matophagus, Culex, original description,

362

hsemorrhoidalis, Culex, 531, 928
hwmorrhoidalis, Megarhinus, 932, 933
hsemorrhoidalis, Megarhinus, 930, 933, 936
hamorrhoidalis, Megarrhina, 932
haitiensis, Megarhinus, 959
haitiensis, Megarhinus, original description,
959

halli, Christophersia, 964

hapla, Wyeomyia, 55, 57, 58, 156, 159

haruspicus, Aedes, 603

haruspicus, Aedes, original description, 603
haruspicus, Psorophora, 528, 529, 530, 603,
607

hassardii, Culex, 220
hassardii, Culex, 240

hassardii, Culex, original description, 241
hassardii, Culex corniger, 244
Heizmannia, 50

hemisagnosta, Wyeomyia, 52, 55, 57, 159, 180
hemisurus, Aedes, 784
hemisurus, Aedes, 787, 792
hemisurus, Aedes, original description, 785
Heptaphlebomyia, 216, 217
Heptaphlebomyia, 217
Heptaphlebomyina, 12
Heptaphlebomyina, 216
Heptaphlebomyina-, 216, 217
herrickii, Megarhinus, 946
herrickii, Megarhinus. original description,
947

hesitator, Culex, 222, 226, 230, 319, 323, 328

Heteronyeha, 607

Heteronycha, 11, 611, 613, 614

heteropalp.e, 13, 20

Heteropselaphes, 13

hexadontus, Aedes, 1041

hirsuteron, Aedes, 617, 618, 621, 736, 743

hirsuteron, Culex, 743

hirsuteron, Culex, original description, 743

hirsuteron, Ochlerotatus, 743

1052

IXDEX

hirsuteros, Culex. 743

homothe, Wyeomyia, 54, 57, 58, 91

homotina. Phoniomyia, 58

homotina, Phoniomyia, original description,

58

homotina, Phoniomyia (?). 58
homotina, Wyeomyia, 53, 57, 58
horridus, Aedes, 561

horridus, Aedes, original description, 561
horridus, Psorophora, 528, 529, 530, 560, 561
hortator, Aedes, 615, 619, 622, 843
hosantus. Wyeomyia, 112
hosautus, Wyeomyia, 54, 57, 58, 112
howardi, Psorophora, 544
Hoioardia, 962
Howardia, 12, 964

howardii, Psorophora, 528, 529, 530, 544

howardii, Psorophora, 541

Howardina, 608, 609, 610, 611

Howardina, 611, 613, 672

Hulecoeteomyia, 608, 609, 610

Hulecoeteomyia, 611

Hulecoetomyia, 608

hitmilis, Culex, 384

humilis, Culex, 424

humilis, Melanoconion, 422, 424

hyemalis, Culex, 1009

hyemalis, Culex, original description, 1010
hypoptes, Megarhinus, 931, 932, 945, 956

lanthinosoma, 5, 25, 526
idahoensis, Aedes, 616, 618, 622, 727, 736
idahoensis, Grabhamia spencerii, 727, 735
idahoensis, Grabhamia spencerii, original de-
scription, 727
identicus, Sabethes, 35

identicus, Sabethes, original description, 35

identicus, Sabethes (?), 35

identicus, Sabethinus, 32, 33, 35, 55

identicus, Sabethoides (?), 35

ignobilis, Culex, 223, 226, 230, 390

imitator, Culex, 61, 79, 117, 139, 165, 220, 225,

229, 430, 432, 444, 446, 448, 787, 986
imitator, Grabhamia, 430
imitator vector, Culex, 430
immisericors, Megarhinus, 930
impatibilis, Culex, 825
impatibilis, Culex, 829

impatibilis, Culex, original description, 829

impatiens, Culex, 483

imiatiens, Culex, original description, 484
impatiens, Culiseta, 477, 483, 494, 863
impellens, Culex, 673

impiger, Aedes, 617, 619, 620, 735, 755, 758
impiger, Culex, 738, 755
impiger, Culex, 733, 738, 752, 760
impiger, Culex, original description, 755

impiger, Culex nigripes, 755
impiger, Culicada. 755
impiger, Grabhamia, 755
impiger (no. 1), Culex, 738
impicer (no. 2), Culex, 759
impiger, Ochlerotatus, 755
implacabilis, Culex. 755

implacabilio, Culex, original description, 755
implexa, Christya, 964
inwqualis, Howardina, 855

incidens, Culex, 478

incidens, Culex, original description, 478
incidens, Culiseta, 370, 476, 477, 478, 488, 496.
694

incidens, Theobaldia, 478
incidens, Theobaldinella, 478
inconspicuosa, Eumelanomyia, 217
inconspicuous, Aedes, 773
inconspicuous. Culex (Ochlerotatus). 773
inconspicuus, Aedes, 773
inconspicuus, Culex, 773
inconspicuus, Culex, 776

inconspicuus, Culex, original description, 774
inconspicuus, Ochlerotatus, 773
increpitus, Aedes, 1041
incriminator, Culex, 223, 226, 230, 409
indecorabile, Neomelanoconion, 453
indecorabilis, Culex, 457
indecorabilis, Melanoconion, 391
indica, Neocellia, 964
indica, Neomacleaya, 611
indoctum, Janthinosoma, 597
indoctum, Janthinosoma, original description,
597

indoctum, Psorophora, 597
indoctum, Psorophora, 599, 600
indoleseens, Aedes, 784
indolescens, Aedes, 787
indoleseens, Aedes, original description, 785
inequalis, Howardina, 855
inequalis, Howardina, original description,
857

inexorabilis, Culex, 825

inexorabilis, Culex, original description, 829
infine, Grabhamia, 594
infine, Janthinosoma, 594, 597
infine, Janthinosoma, 597
infine, Psorophora, 236, 278, 528, 529, 594
infirmatus, Aedes, 617, 618, 621, 781, 785
inflictus, Culex, 223, 226, 230, 406, 408
inhibitator, Culex, 223, 226, 228, 391
inimitabilis, Culex, 165, 223, 225, 229, 449
innobilis, Culex, 390
inornata, Culiciomyia, 217
inornata, Culiseta, 488
inornata, Gnophodeomyia, 217
inornatus, Culex, 483, 488
inornatus, Culex, original description, 489
inornatus, Culiseta, 368, 475, 476, 477, 488
inquisitor, Culex, 221, 226, 227, 270, 274
inquisitor, Culex, 264, 272, 274, 279
insolita, Aedes, 812, 819
insolita, Aedes, 813, 819
insolita, Verralina, 813
insolita, Verrallina, 812, 815
insolita, Verrallina, original description, 816
insolita, Verrallina (?), 815
insularius, Janthinosoma, 605
insularius, Janthinosoma, original descrip-
tion, 605

insularius, Psorophora, 528, 529, 530, 605

intermedia, Neocellia, 964

intermedius, Sabethinus, 32

interrogator, Culex, 224, 225, 227, 417, 420,

983

interrogator, Culex, 419
intonca, Wyeomyia, v

INDEX

1053

investigator, Culex, 224, 226, 228, 381
invocator, Culex, 222, 226, 230, 323
ioliota, Aedes, v
iracunda, Psorophora, 538
iracunda, Psorophora, original description,
539

iridescens, Carrollia, 116, 229, 448, 461, 462

iridescens, Culex (Carrollia), 462
iris, Megarhinus, 936
iris, Megarhinus, 939

iris, Megarhinus, original description, 937
Isostomyia, 187, 219, 220
Isostomyia, 218

jamaicensis, Aedes, 581, 591
jamaicensis, Culex, 581, 590
jamaicensis, Culex, 399, 401, 526, 547, 594, GOO
jamaicensis, Culex, original description, 581
jamaicensis, Culex (Grabhamia), 591
jamaicensis, Feltidia, 581
jamaicensis, Grabhamia, 581, 590, 591
jamaicensis, Grabhamia, 600
jamaicensis, Janthinosoma, 581, 588, 590
jamaicensis, Janthinosoma, 585
jamaicensis, Janthinosoma sayi, 548
jamaicensis, Janthinosoma sayi, original de-
scription, 550
jamaicensis, Mochlostyrax, 399
jamaicensis, Mochlostyrax, 402
jamaicensis, Mochlostyrax, original descrip-
tion, 399

jamaicensis, Psorophora, 510, 528, 529, 547,

552, 581
Jamesia, 13

janitor, Culex, 205, 221, 224, 227, 243, 258, 284,
806

janitor ?, Culex, 287
Janthinosoma, 525, 526

Janthinosoma, 11, 181, 541, 547, 548, 564, 581
Janthinosoma, sp. n., 570
Janthinosoma, subgenus, 526, 527, 547
Jantinosoma, 525
japonicus, Culex, 833, 850

jenningsi, Culex, 47, 86, 149, 152, 221, 225, 229,
276, 435, 443, 935

ienningsi gaudeator, Culex, 443

Joblotia, 7, 8, 41, 161, 175, 185, 953

Joblotia in table of genera, 22, 23

Joblotia, table of adults, male genitalia, 163

Joblotia, 162

Joblotina. 162

jocosa, Prosopolepis, 161

johnstonii, Janthinosoma, 572

johnstonii, Janthinosoma, original descrip-
tion, 572

johnstonii, Psorophora, 528, 529, 530, 572, 575
jubilator, Culex, 221, 225, 227, 272

kelloggii, Culex, 230
, kelloggii, Culex, original description, 231
Kertcszia, 963, 964
Kerteszia, 964
Kingia, 610
Kingia, 611, 612
kingii, Mimeteculex, 611
knabi, Aedes, 615, 619, 621, 841
knabi, Culex, 841

knabi, Culex, original description, 841

knabi, Ochlerotatus, 841

kounoupi, Culex, 824, 825

kounoupi, Culex, original description, 828

labesba, Wyeomyia, new species, 54, 57, 58,
106

lachrimans, Culex, 339, 347
lachrimans, Culex similis, 342, 377
lactator, Culex, 240
lactator, Culex, 222, 243, 541, 597
lactator, Culex, original description, 241
lactator, Culex corniger, 244
lactator lactator, Culex, 240
lactator lactator, Culex, original description,
244

lactator loquaculus, Culex, 240
lamentator, Culex, 221, 224, 229, 276, 281
lampropus, Lesticocampa, new species, 163,

164, 167
Lasioconops, 215, 216, 217
Lasioconops, 217
laternaria, Aedes, 815
laternaria. Verrallina, 815
laternaria, Verrallina, 813
laternaria, Verrallina, original description,

816

laternaria, Verrallina ( ?). 815
lateropunctata, Culex, 329
latisquama, Culex, 199, 213, 222, 225, 229, 303
latisquama, Culex (Tinolestes) , 218
latisquama, Tinolestes, 303
latisquama, Tinolestes, 217
latisquama, Tinolestes, original description,
303

latisquamma, Culex, 303
lativittata, Grabhamia, 636
lativittatus, Aedes, 634
lativittatus, Culex, 629

lativittatus, Culex, original description, 630
lativittatus, Culex (Grabhamia?), 629
lativittatus, Ochlerotatus, 629
lativittatus, Ochlerotatus, 708
Laverania, 964
Laverania, 962
Laveriana, 1018

lazarensis, Aedes, 617, 618, 621, 716, 733
lazarensis, Culex, 733
lazarensis, Culex, 741

lazarensis, Culex, original description, 733

lazarensis. Culicada, 733

lazarensis, Grabhamia, 733

lazarensis, Ochlerotatus, 733

Leicesteria, 613

Lepidoplatys, 609, 610

Lepidoplatys, 611

Lepidosia. 525

Lepidotomyia, 608, 609, 610

Lepidotomyia, 611

leprincei, Culex, 223, 226, 229, 397, 983
Leslieomyia, 611
Leslieomyia, 611, 612

Lesticocampa, 7, 8, 161, 162, 176, 186, 187,
1040

Lesticocampa in table of genera, 22, 23
Lestitocampa, 1040
leucomelas, Aedes, 617, 619, 622, 810
leucomelas, Ha magogus, 810

1054

INDEX

leucomelas, Stecogonops, S10
leucomelas, Stegoconops. 810
leucomelas, Stegoconops, original description,
810

Leucomyia, 216
Leucomyia, 217

leucopisthepus, Wyeomyia, 55, 56, 58, 148, 152
leucopus, Lesticocampa, 163, 164. 170
Limaun.e, 41
Limatiiur, 40
Limatus, 6, 8, 12, 40
Limatus in table of genera, 22, 23
Limatus, key to larvae, 57
lineata, Chagasia (?), 964
lithoecetor, Aedes, 717
lithoecetor, Aedes, original description, 719
locuples, Sabethes, 26, 27
locuples, Sabethes, 23, 24, 29, 30
locuples, Sabethes, original description, 27
longipalpis, Mansonia, 882
longipalpis, Mansonia, 878
longipalpis, Mansonia, original description,
882

longipalpis. Thomasina, 882

longipes, Culex, 26, 172

longipes, Culex, 24, 564

longipes, Culex, original description, 172

longipes, Lesticocampa, 163, 164, 172

longipes, Megarhina, 939

longipes, Megarhinus, 931, 932, 939

longipes, Sabethes, 25, 172

longirostris, Phoniomyia, 59

longirostris, Phoniomyia, 81

longirostris, Wyeomyia, 59

longirostris, Wyeomyia, 50, 61, 116

Lophomyia, 963

Lophomyia, 964

Lophoscelomyia, 963, 964

Lophoscelomyia, 964

loquaculus, Culex, 221

loquaculus, Culex, original description, 243
loquaculus, Culex corniger, 244
loquaculus, Culex lactator, 240
lowi, Uranotwnia, 911

lowii, Uranotamia, 429, 446, 900, 901, 911, 914,
916

lowii, Uranotania, 911

luciensis, Stegomyia, 826

luciensis, Stegomyia fasciata, 825

luciensis, Stegomyia fasciata, original de-
scription, 831

lucifer, Stegoconops, 865

lucifer, Stegoconops, 867

lunata, Joblotia, 165, 166, 185

lunata, Lesticocampa, 164

lunata, Lesticocampa, 166

lunata, Wyeomyia, 162, 163

luteoannulatus, Culex fatigans, 346

luteoannulatus, Culex fatigans, original de-
scription, 350

luteocephala, Stegomyia, 611

luteolateralis, Culex, 611

luteoventralis, Dendromyia, 51, 71

luteoventralis, Wyeomyia, 50, 71

lutescens, Culex, 676

lutzi, Ianthinosoma, 557

lutzi, Janthinosoma, 557

lutzi, Manguinhosia, 964, 974

lutzi, Myzorhynchella, 971

Lutzia, 4, 192, 218, 466

Lutzia in tables of genera, 194, 195, 196

lutzii, Aedes, 557

lutzii, Anopheles, 966, 967, 971, 985

lutzii. Anopheles, 986

lutzii, Janthinosoma, 557, 561

lutzii, Janthinosoma, 559, 563

lutzii, Janthinosoma, original description, 558

lutzii, Psorophora, 528, 529, 530, 557, 562

lutzii, Pyrethophorus, 971

lutzii. Pyretophorus, 971

lutzii, Pyretophorus, 974

lutzii, Sabethes, 24

Lynchiella, 928

Lynchiella, 13, 928

Lynchielona, 13

maccrackense, Culiseta, 476, 477, 494, 498
Macleaya, 608, 609, 610
Macleaya, 611, 612
macleayi, Culex, 346
macleayi, Culex fatigans, 346
macleayi, Culex fatigans, original description,
350

Macbopsei,aphes, 13
macrotus, Wyeomyia, 150
macrotus, Wyeomyia, original description,
150

maculata, Pecomyia, 611

maculata, Pseudograbhamia, 611

maculatus, Culicada, 679

maculipennis, Anopheles, 1026, 1028, 1029

maculipennis, Anopheles, 964, 1003, 1028,

1029, 1032, 1035
maculipennis or quadrimaculatus, Anopheles,

1029

maculipes, Anopheles, 966, 967, 990, 998
maculipes, Anopheles, 995
maculipes, Arribalzagaia, 990
maculipes, Arribalzagia, 989, 990
maculipes, Arribalzagia, 964
maculipes, Arribalzagia, original description,
990

maculipes, Cellia, 995

madagascarensis, Pseudoheptaphlebomyia,
217

magna, Brachiomyia, 201
magna, Brachiomyia, 200
magna, Brachiomyia, original description,

202

magna, Deinocerites, 201
magna, Lepidotomyia, 611
magna, Phoniomyia, 58
magnipennis, Culex, 488

magnipennis, Culex, original description, 489

magnipennis, Culiseta, 488

magnus, Dinocerites, 201

malaea, Wyeomyia, 93

malaria?, Culex, 699

malefactor, Anopheles, 966, 998, 1000

Manguinhosia, 963, 964

Manguinhosia, 964

Mansonia, 4, 6, 7, 190, 192, 501, 613, 627, 878,

886, 894, 1041
Mansonia in tables of genera, 194, 196
Mansonia, 877

INDEX

1055

Mansonioides, 503, 894
mariw, Megarhinus, 936

maria?, Megarhinus, original description, 936
masculus, Culex, 340

mastigia, Culex, new species, 224, 226, 230,
426

matasa, Wyeomyia, 53, 56, 58, 93
mediolineata, Aedes, 638
mediolineata, Grabhamia, 635
mediolineata, Grabhamia, original descrip-
tion, 635
mediomaculata, Danielsia, 717
mediomaculata, Danielsia, 720
mediomaculata, Danielsia, original descrip-
tion, 719
mediopunctata, Anopheles, 993
mediopunctata, Culicada, 699
mediopunctata, Gycloleppteron, 993
mediopunetatum, Anopheles, 993
mediopunctatum, Cyclolepidopteron, 993
mediopunetatum, Cycloleppteron. 993
mediopunctatus, Anopheles, 966, 967, 993, 998
mediopunctatus, Anopheles, 998
mediopunctatus, Cycloleppteron, 993
mediopunctatus, Cycloleppteron, 964, 991
mediopunctatus, Cycloleppteron, original de-
scription, 993
mediopunctatus, Nototricha, 998
mediopunctatus, Nototricha, 995
medio-puntatum, Cycloleppteron, 993
mediovittata, Aedes, 616, 619, 620, 821, 961
mediovittata, Gymnometopa, 821
mediovittata, Stegomyia, 821
mediovittata, Stegomyia, 611, 821, 860
mediovittata, Stegomyia, original description,
821

megalodora, Wyeomyia, 53, 57, 58, 77
Megarhina, 927, 928
Megarhina, 930
Megarhina sp., 958

MEGAEHINiE, 12

Megarhint, 930

megarh i.nina, 12

Megarhinin^d, 13, 14

Megarhinines, 21, 193, 927

Megarhinus, 6, 8, 11, 13, 21, 22, 190, 193, 419,

474, 879, 885, 891, 899, 927, 940, 947
Megarhinus in tables of genera, 194, 195, 196
Megarhinus sp., 946
Megarhinus sp. not portoricensis, 946
Megarrhina, 927

melanocephala, Wyeomyia, 54, 57, 58, 86
melanocephala, Wyeomyia, 89
Melanoconion, 215, 216, 217, 461
Melanoconion, 217
Melanoconium, 216
Melanoconops, 215
Melanoconops, 437

melanophylum, Deinocerites, 199, 201, 206,

207, 210, 327
melanurus, Culex, 7, 219, 222, 224, 229, 318,

452, 453, 509, 652
melanurus, Culex (Melanoconion), 453
melanurus, Culicella, 453
melanurus, Ecculex, 453
melanurus, Melanoconion, 453
melanurus, Mochlostyrax, 453

meridionalis. Aedes, 794

meridionalis, Aedes, original description, 795

Metanotopsh..*:, 13

Metanototrich^e, 13, 20

methysticus, Limatus, 41, 48, 58

methysticus, Wyeomyia, 56

mexicana, Culex, 554

mexicana, Ianthinosoma, 554

mexicana, Lepidosia, 564

mexicanum, Ianthinosoma, 554

mexicanum, Janthinosoma, 565

mexicanus, Culex, 564

mexicanus, Culex, 554, 565

mexicanus, Culex, original description, 564

mexicanus, Lepidosia, 564

mexicanus, Psorophora, 528, 529, 530, 564

Micraedes, 216, 217

Micraedes, 217

microannulata, Trichopronomyia. 240
microannulata, Trichopronomyia, original de-
scription, 243
Microculex, 216
Microculex, 4, 217, 218, 435
Microculex, group, 276
Microculex, subgenus, 192
Micropalp^e, 13, 20

MlCROPSEIAPHES, 13

microsquamosus, Culex, 223, 224, 228, 403,

1040, 1041
microsquammosus, Culex, 403
Mimeteculex, 610, 611
Mimeteculex, 611, 612
minor, Wieomyia, 62
minor, Wyeomyia, 53, 57, 58, 62
minuta, Uranotwnia, 911
minuta, Uranotaenia, original description, 912
mitchella?, Aedes, 616, 619, 620, 658, 665
mitchelhr, Culex, 665

mitchella?, Culex, original description, 665
mitchella', Grabhamia, 665
mitchella*, Ochlerotatus, 665
mitchelli, Wieomyia, 80
7nitchelli, Wyeomyia, 80
mitchellii, Dendromyia, 80
mitchellii, Dendromyia, 51
mitchellii, Dendromyia, original description,
80

mitchellii, Wyeomyia, 52, 53, 56, 58, 70, 80,

85, 115
Mochlostyrax, 216, 461
Mochlostyrax, 217

moctezuma, Megarhinus, 47, 160, 179, 180, 931,

932, 943, 950
modestus, Culex, 363
mogilasia, Joblotia, 164, 176, 181
mogilasia, Joblotia (?), 181
molesta, Psorophora, 530
molestus, Culex, 530
molestus, Culex, 531, 668
mollis, Culex, 221, 225, 227, 267
mollis, Culex carmodya', 267
Molpemyia, 611
Molpemyia, 611, 612
montealmi, Culex, 694
montezuma, Megarhinus, 950
morsitans, Culicada, 457
morsitans, Theobaldia, 457

1056

INDEX

mortificator, Culex, 75, 224, 226, 227, 254

mosquito, Culex, 824, 825

mosquito, Culex, original description, 827

mosquito, Stegomyia fasciata, 825

Mucidus, 12

multiplex, Skusea, 611

musica, Janthinosoma, 548, 554

musica, Janthinosoma, 553, 558, 795

musicum, Janthinosoma, 554

musicus, Conchyliates, 554

musicus, Conchyliastes, 554

musicus, Conchyliastes, 570

musicus, Culex, 554

musicus, Culex, 526, 553, 554, 555, 565

musicus, Culex, original description, 554

mutator, Culex, 224, 226, 228, 422, 424

Myxosquamus, 610

Myxosquamus, 611

Myzomyia, 962, 963, 964

Myzomyia, 964

Myzorhynchella, 963, 964

Myzorhynchella, 964

Myzorhynchus, 962, 963, 964

Myzorhynchus, 964

nanus, Culex, 600
nanus, Culex, 578

nanus, Culex, original description, 600
nanus, Psorophora, 603

neivai, Anopheles, new species, 105, 966, 986

nemorosa, Culicada, 748
nemorosa, Theobaldinella, 748
nemorosus, Culex, 748
nemorosus, Culex, 741
Neocellia, 963, 964
Neocellia, 964
Neoculex, 216
Neoculex, 217
Neomacleaya, 609, 611
Neomacleaya, 611
Neomelanoconion, 216, 217
Neomelanoconion, 217
Neomyzomia, 964
Neomyzomyia, 964
Neomyzomyia, 964
Xeopecomyia, 610
Neopecomyia, 611
Xeostethopheles, 964
Neostethopheles, 964
niedmanni, Grabhamia, 705
niger, Aedes, 616, 619, 621, 672
niger, Anopheles, 1036
niger, Ta'niorhynchus, 672
niger, Twniorhynchus (?), 672
niger, Taeniorhynchus, 673
niger, Taeniorhynchus, original description,
672

nigeria, Stegomyia, 825, 826
nigeria, Stegomyia, original description, 832
nigra, Finlaya t, 762, 763
nigra, Finlaya ?, original description, 763
nigra, Myzorhynchella, 971
nigra, Myzorhynchella, 964
nigra, Myzorhynchella, original description,
973

nigricans, Aedes, 511
nigricans, Coquillettidia, 511

nigricans, Mansonia, 503, 504, 511
nigricans, Twniorhynchus, 511
nigricans, Taeniorhynchus, original descrip-
tion, 511

nigricorpus, Aedes, 322

nigricorpus, Aedes, original description, 322

nigricorpus, 2Edes (f), 322

nigricorpus, Culex, 224, 226, 230, 322

nigricorpus, Isostomyia (?), 322

nigricorpus, Terrallina, 322

nigripalpis, Culex, 428

nigripalpus, Culex, 224, 226, 230, 428

nigripalpus, Melanoconion, 428

nigripes, Aedes, 218, 757

nigripes, Anopheles, 1036

nigripes, Anopheles, 1035, 1038

nigripes, Culex, 478, 755, 794

nigripes, Culicada, 755

nigripes impiger, Culex, 755

nigrituhis, Culex, 339, 373

nigritulus, Culex, 343, 374, 376

nigromaculis, Aedes, 616, 619, 622, 655, 665

nigromaculis, Grabhamia, 655

nigromaculis, Grabhamia, original descrip-
tion, 655

nimba, Stethomyia, 964

nitidus, Sabethes, 30, 37

nitidus, Sabethes, 31, 40

nitidus, Sabethes, original description, 37

nitidus, Sabethoides, 29, 37

niveipes, Joblotia, 176

niveitaeniata, Pseudotheobaldia, 475, 476

niveitarsis, Aedes, 648

niveitarsis, Culex, 648

nivipes, Anisocheleomyia, 899

nivipes, Ioblotia (Trichoprosopon), 176

nivipes, Joblotia, 176

nivipes, Joblotia, 163, 182

nivipes, Trichoprosopon, 176

nivipes, Trichoprosopon, 42, 175

nivipes, Trichoprosopon, original description.
177

nivitarsis, Aedes, 648
nivitarsis, Culex, 648
nivitarsis, Culex, 654

nivitarsis, Culex, original description, 649

nivitarsis, Ochlerotatus, 648

notoscripta, Stegomyia, 848

Nototricha, 963

Nototricha, 964, 995

nubilus, Aedes, 616, 619, 622, 721

nubilus, Culex, 721

nubilus, Culex, original description, 721
nubilus, Ochlerotatus, 721
Nyssomyzomyia, 964
Nyssomyzomyia, 964
Nyssorhyncus, 963
Nyssorhynchus, 962, 963, 964
Nyssorhynchus, 964, 1018
nyssornychus, 1018

oblita, Dendromyia, 51
obturbator, Aedes, 617, 619, 622, 778
occidentalis, Anopheles, 927, 966, 967, 1026,
1035

occidentalis, Anopheles, 1032
oceliatus, Culex, 446

INDEX

1057

ocellatus, Culex, 218, 222, 225, 229, 387, 446
ocellatus, Grabhamia, 446
Ochlerotatus, 607, 609, 611
Ochlerotatus, 11, 611, 613
ochripes, Culex, 624, 625
ochripes, Culex, 627

ochripes, Culex, original description, 625
ochropus, Culex, 504

ochropus, Culex, original description, 504
ochropus, Mansonia, 503, 504
ochrura, Wyeomyia, 80, 83, 113
ochrura, Wyeomyia, 83

ochrura, Wyeomyia, original description, 81
Oculeomyia, 216, 217
Oculeomyia, 217

onidus, Wyeomyia, 54, 55, 57, 121, 123, 124,
125

onondagensis, Aedes, 615, 618, 621, 629, 638
onondagensis, Culex, 629
onondagensis, Culex, 709
onondagensis, Culex, original description, 629
onondagensis, Culicada, 629
onondagensis, Grabhamia, 629
onondagensis, Ochlerotatus, 629
onondagensis quaylei, Aedes, 708
Orthopodomyia, 21, 22, 190, 192, 193, 877, 930
Orthopodomyia in tables of genera, 194, 195,
196

Orthopteka, 833
osakaensis, Culex, 346, 361
osakaensis, Culex, original description, 350,
363

oswaldi, Aedes, 333, 615, 619, 621, 815

oswaldi, Gualteria, 815

oswaldi, Gualteria, 611

oswaldi, Gualteria, original description, 815

oswaldi, Hwviagogus, 815
oswaldoi, Gualteria, 815

palliatus, Twniorhynchus, 844
palliatus, Tamiorhynchus, original descrip-
tion, 844

palliatus, Twniorhynchus ( ?), 844
pallidoccphala, Culex, 729
pallidocephala, Culex, original description,
730

pallidohirta, Aedes, 729
pallidohirta, Culex, 729
pallidohirta, Culex, 733

pallidohirta, Culex, original description, 729
pallidopalpi, Feltinella, 964
pallipes, Culex, 359
palpale, Neomelanoconion, 216
palus, Culex, 224, 226, 230, 342
palus. Culex, 339
palustris, Aedes, 1041
pampangensis, Reedomyia, 612
panamena, Wyeomyia, 54, 57, 58, 115
pandani, Pseudoficalbia, 899
, pandora, Wyeomyia, 52, 53, 56, 57, 87
Panoplites, 501
Panoplites, 12, 501, 512

pantoia, Wyeomyia, 54, 55, 57, 121, 123, 126
paraensis, Dendromyia, 41

particeps, Culex, 478

particeps, Culex, original description, 479
Patagiamyia, 964

Patagiamyia, 964
pazosi, Aedes, 565

pazosi, Aedes, original description, 565
pazosi, Psorophora, 528, 529, 530, 565
peccator, Culex, 222, 226, 230, 318
Pecomyic, 609, 610
Pecomyia, 611
Pectinopalpus, 216, 217
Pectinopalpus, 217
Pelorempis, 2
pembaensis, Aedes, 612
penafieli, Culex, 345, 346
penafieli, Culex, original description, 348
peiiaficli, Culex, 347
penetrans, Theobaldia, 499
perplexens, Anopheles, 1010
perplexens, Anopheles, 1014
perplexens, Anopheles, original description,
1011

persephassa. Bancroftia, 886

persephassa, Bancroftia, original description,

886

persephassa, Orthopodomyia, 879, 886
persistans. Stegomyia fasciata, 826, 827
persistans, Stegomyia fasciata, 840
persistans, Stegomyia fasciata, original de-
scription, 832
perterrens. Culex, 530
perterrens, Culex, 532
pertinans, JEdes, 134
pertinans, Aedes, 308

pertinans, Aedes, original description, 134
pertinans, Aedes (Wyeomyia), 136
pertinans, Wyeomyia, 54, 57, 58, 83, 134, 136
pertinans, Wyeom i/ia, 80
pertinax, Aedes, 617, 618, 619,_791, 809
perturbans, Aedes, 136, 187, 219-220, 308
perturbans, Aedes, original description, 187
perturbans, Coquillettidia, 505
perturbans, Culex, 505, 581, 590, 766
perturbans, Culex, 501, 509, 594
perturbans, Culex, original description, 506
perturbans, Culex, (Twniorhynchus), 505
perturbans, Isostomyia, 308
perturbans, Isostomyia, 187
perturbans, Mansonia, 503, 505, 514, 519, 863
perturbans. Twniorhynchus, 505, 588
perturbans, Ta?niorhynchus, 511
perturbans, Wyeomyia. 135
perturbans, Wyeomia, 308
peruvianus, Anopheles, 1015
peruvianus, Anopheles, original description,
1016

pettigrewii, Culex, 476
pens, Culex, 230
Phagomyia, 608, 609, 610
Phagomyia, 611, 612
pharoensis, Anopheles, 964
philophone, Phoniomyia, 85
philophone, Phoniomyia, original description,
85

philophone, Wyeomyia, 53, 56, 58, 85, 149, 152,
159

philosophicus, Aedes, 871
philosophicus, Aedes, 875

philosophicus, Aedes, original description, 872
Phoniomyia, 49, 50

1058

INDEX

Phoniomyia, 50, 158

phroso, Wyeomyia, new species, 55, 57, 58,
149

phyllozoa, Bancroftia, 879
phyllozoa, Mansonia, 879
phyllozoa, Mansonia, original description, 879
phyllozoa, Orthopodomyia, 71, 86, 152, 159,
" 879

phytophagus, Culex, 362, 368
pictus, Anopheles, 1032
pilosus, Culex, 223, 226, 229, 393
pilosus, Mochlostyrax, 393
pilosus, Mochlostyrax, original description,
393

pinarocampa, Culex, 221, 224, 228, 251, 289,

293, 470, 643, 721, 772, 773, 1000
pinguis, Culex, 483

pinguis, Culex, original description, 484

pipiens, Culex, vi, 11, 97, 98, 217, 218, 219, 223,
225, 228, 236, 241, 255, 269, 287, 297, 298,
299, 325, 334, 336, 337, 342, 348, 349, 355,
358, 359, 360, 369, 371, 374, 376, 378, 453,
490, 494, 676, 704, 914, 1041

pipiens, Culex, 333, 334, 346, 347

pipiens, Culex ?, 449

pipiens, Culex pipiens, 361

pipiens fatigans, Culex, 347

pipiens pipiens, Culex, 361

pleuristriatus, Culex, 165, 221, 225, 227, 437,
446, 448, 451

plumbeus, Anopheles, 1036

plumbeus, Coelodiazesis, 1036, 1038

plutocraticus, Aedes, 617, 618, 622, 804

Pneumaculex, 877, 878

Pneumaculex, 878

podographicus, Aedes, 615, 619, 621, 812, 819

poicilia, Finlaya, 611

poicilipes, Lasioconops, 217

Polyleptiomyia, 608, 609, 610

Polyleptiomyia, 611, 612

portoricensis, Culex, 672

portoricensis, Culex, original description, 673

portoricensis, Megarhina, 946, 958, 959

portoricensis, Megarhinus, 931, 932, 937, 947,
950, 958

portoricensis, Megarhinus, 946

portoricensis, Megarrhina, 958

portoricensis, Megarrhina, original descrip-
tion, 959

posticata, Aedes, 548

posticata, Culex (Janthinosoma), 554

posticata, Janthinosoma, 548, 552, 554

posticata, Janthinosoma, 541, 553, 555

posticata, Janthinosoma, original description,
553

posticata, Psorophora, 538

posticatum, Ianthinosoma, 552

posticatus, Culex, 548, 554

posticatus, Culex, 552, 553, 564

posticatus, Culex, original description, 548

posticatus, Janthinosoma, 548

posticatus, Psorophora, 528, 529, 548, 554, 557,

772, 781, 789
prasinopleurus, Culex, v
pretans, Aeaes, 743
pretans, Aedes, 747
pretans, Culex, 743

pretans, Culex, original description, 744

pretans, Culex (Ochlerotatus), 743

pretans, Culicada, 743

pretans, Ochlerotatus, 743

proclamator, Culex, 222, 225, 227, 272, 274,

279, 772
Prosopolepis, 23, 160
Prosopolepis in table of genera, 22
Proterorhynchus, 964
Proterorhynchus, 964
Protoculex, 608, 609, 610
Protoculex, 611
Protomacleaya, 609, 610
Protomacleaya, 611
Protopteres, 13

provocans, Aedes, 617, 619, 622, 735, 748, 752
provocans, Culex, 748

provocans, Culex, original description, 748
provocans, Ochlerotatus, 748
proximus, Culex, 223, 224, 227, 377
pseudes, Deinocerites, 200, 201, 210
Pseudoculex, 216, 608
Pseudoculex, 611
Pseudoficalbia, 898
Pseudoflcalbia, 899
Pseudograbhamia, 609, 610
Pseudograbhamia, 611
Pseudoheptaphlebomyia, 216
Pseudoheptaphlebomyia, 217
Pseudohowardina, 609
Pseudohowardina, 611
pseudomaculipes, Anopheles, 1002
Pseudomyzomyia, 963
Pseudomyzomyia, 964

pseudopecten, Wyeomyia, 54, 55, 57, 119, 123,
124, 126

pseudopunctipennis, Anopheles, 289, 292, 918,

927, 966, 967, 983, 1014
Pseudoskusea, 609
Pseudoskusea, 611
Pseudotwniorhynchus, 501
Pseudotaeniorhynchus, 501
Pseudotheobaldia, 475
Pseudotheobaldia, 475
pseudotitillans, Mansonia, 521
pseudotitillans, Panoplites, 516
Pseudouranotwnia, 898
Pseudouranotsenia, 899
Psorofora, 525

Psorophora, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 16, 181, 192, 290,
467, 513, 525, 530, 547, 548, 605, 614, 624,
627, 862

Psorophora in tables of genera, 195, 196
Psorophora, subgenus, 526, 527, 530

PSOROPHORIN/E, 14

Psorophorinae, 525

pulcherrima, Uranotaenia, 899, 900, 901, 908.

919, 920, 922
pulcherrima apicalis, Uranotaenia, 900
pulcherrimus, JEdes, 908
pulcherrimus, Anopheles, 965
pullatus, Aedes, 617, 619, 621, 738, 742, 1041
pullatus, Culex, 738

pullatus, Culex, original description, 738

pullatus, Culicada, 738
pullatus, Orabhamia, 738
pullatus, Ochlerotatus, 738

INDEX

1059

pulvithorax, Gualteria, 844
punctatus, Culex, 727
punctimacula, Anopheles, 995
punctimacula, Anopheles, 998
punctimacula, Anopheles, original descrip-
tion, 995

punctipennis, Anopheles, 347, 358, 490, 965,
966, 967, 1009, 1015, 1026, 1029, 1031,
1040

punctipennis, Anopheles, 1014

punctipennis, Culex, 1009

punctipennis, Culex, original description, 1010

punctipes, Aporoculex, 217

punctor, Aedes, 618, 619, 622, 754

punctor, Aedes, 752

punctor, Culex, 752, 754, 759

punctor, Culex, 738, 759

punctor, Culex, original description, 754

punctor, Culicada, 752, 754

punctor. Orabhamia, 752

punctor, Ochlerotatus, 752

pungens, Culex, 94, 345, 346, 347, 361

pungens, Culex, 337, 727, 744, 904

pungens, Culex, original description, 347

purpurea, Molpemyia, 611

purpureus, Megarhinus, 939

purpureus, Sabethes, 24

purpureus, Sabethinus, 32

pygmaa, Grabhamia. 600

pygmaea, Grabhamia, 605

pygmaea, Grabhamia, original description, 600

pygmara. J anthinosoma. 600, 605

pygmaea, Psorophora, 528, 529, 600, 607

pygmcrus, Grabhamia, 600, 605

pygmaeus, Janthinosoma, 605

pygmeus, Aedes, 600

Pyretophorus, 962, 963, 964

Pyretophorus, 964, 974

quadratimaculatus, Culex, 727
quadrimaculata, Anopheles, 1028
quadrimaculatus, Anopheles, 319, 380, 483,

965, 966, 967, 1013, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1032,

1035

quadrimaculatus. Anopheles, 1032
quadrivittatus, Aedes, 618, 619, 622, 852
quadrivittatus, Culex, 852
quadrivittatus, Culex, original description,
852

quadrivittatus, Ochlerotatus, 852
quasiguiarti, Culex, 361

quasiguiarti, Culex, original description, 364
quasiluteoventralis, Dendromyia, 137
quasiluteoventralis, Dendromyia ?, 73
quasiluteoventralis, Wyeomyia, 71, 139
quasipipiens, Culex, 346

quasipipiens, Culex, original description, 349
quasisecutor, Culex, 282
r quasisecutor, Culex, 286

quasisecutor, Culex, original description, 283
quasiserratus, Protoculex, 791
quasiserratus, Protoculex, 794
quasiserratus, Protoculex, original descrip-
tion, 792
Quasistegomyia, 609, 610
Quasistegomyia, 611
quaylei, Aedes, 629

quaylei, Aedes, 482, 618, 631, 632, 634, 708
quaylei, Aedes, original description, 630
quaylei, Aedes onondagensis, 708
queenslandensis, Stegomyia fasciata, 825
queenslandensis, Stegomyia fasciata, original

description, 832
5-fasciatus, Culex, 345

quinquefasciatus, Culex, 219, 223, 225, 228,
339, 342, 345, 366, 368, 369, 371, 376, 377,
614, 977

quinquefasciatus, Inscules, 347
quinquefasciatus dipseticus, Culex, 347
quinquefasciatus dipseticus, Culex, 354, 359,
369

quinquefasciatus dipseticus, Culex, original
description, 352

quinquefusciatus, Culex, 347
quinquevittatus, Culex, 347

rapax, Lesticocampa, 163, 164
rapax, Lesticocampa, 168, 170
reductor, Culex, 223, 226, 229, 399
Reedomyia, 609, 610
Reedomyia, 612
reesii, Culex, 360

reflector, Culex, 224, 225, 227, 378, 419

regalis, H(rmagogus, 868

regalis, Haemagogus, 869, 871

regalis, Haemagogus, original description, 868

regulator, Culex, 339, 377, 419

regulator, Culex, 352

regulator, Culex, original description, 340
rejector, Culex, 105, 112, 221, 225, 229, 251, 439,

441, 444, 935
remipes, Culex, 26
remipes, Culex, 30

remipes, Culex, original description, 27

remipes, Sabethes, 26, 27, 37

remipes, Sabethes, 38, 40

remipes, Sabettus, 27

reptans, Culex, 741, 743

reptans, Culex, 741

restrictor, Culex, 222, 225, 229, 331

restuans, Culex, 221, 223, 225, 227 , 297, 333.

355, 366, 376, 419
restuans, Culex, 300

revelator, Culex, 222, 225, 227, 272, 274, 373
revocator, Culex, 222, 224, 228, 344
Rhynchotaenia, 501
Rhynchotaenia, 501
richardii, Twniorhynchus, 505
rima, Culex, 217

riparius, Aedes, 616, 619, 622, 712, 716

riparius, Aedes, 714

rolonca, Wyeomyia, v

rossi, Anopheles, 965

Rossia, 962

Rossia, 12, 964

rossii, Anopheles, 964

rossii, Culex, 825

rossii, Culex, original description, 830
rowlandii, Pseudouranotaenia, 899
rowlandii, Uranotaenia, 922
rubidus, Culex, 530
rubidus, Culex, 531
rufus, Culex, 368
Runchomyia, 185

1060

INDEX

rusticus, Culex, 727

rutila, Megarhinus, 928, 929, 931, 932, 939,
940, 950

rutila, Megarhinus, 946
rutilla, Megarhina, 940, 946
rutillus, Megarhinus, 940, 941, 946
rutilus, Megarhinus, 940, 941, 943, 946
rutilus, Toxorhynchites, 940

Sabetes, 23, 32, 37
Sabethes, 31, 32, 37, 162, 525
Sabethes, 6, 11, 16, 23, 42, 50, 51, 90, 91, 867,
1040

Sabethes in table of genera, 22, 23
Sabethes, table of known species, 24
Sabethini, v, 3, 4, 6, 8, 14, 19, 190, 192, 193,

199, 220, 863, 864
Sabethini in tables of tribes, 2
Sabethinus, 6-7, 8, 31, 73
Sabethinus in table of genera, 22, 23
Sabethoides, 31
Sabethoides, 23, 37, 185
Sabethoides in table of genera, 22
Sabettinus, 31
Sabettinus, 32
Sabettoides, 37
Sabettoides, 37
Sabettus, 23
Sabettus, 23

sseva, Psorophora, 527, 529, 530, 536, 541
salinarius, Culex, 222, 223, 225, 227, 255, 299,

337, 340, 342, 355, 366, 371, 373, 382, 406,

662, 1041
salinarius, Culex ?, 279, 417
sansoni, Aedes, 616, 619, 620, 686, 691, 694,

740, 1041
saphirina, Vranotwnia, 901
saphirina, Uranotsenia, 920
saphirinus, Mdes, 901
saphirinus, ^Edes, 908
saphirinus, Uranotccnia, 901
sapphirina, Uranotwnia, 901
sapphirinia, Vranotccnia, 901
sapphirinus, Aedes, 94, 901
sapphirinus, Aedes, original description, 901
sapphirinus, Uranotsenia, 900, 901, 907
sapphyrrina, Euratoneus, 901
sarawaki, Oculeomyia, 217
saxatilis, Culex, 293
saxatilis, Culex, 300

saxatilis, Culex, original description, 294

say., Aedes, 554

sayi, Janthinosoma, 548, 554

sayi, Janthinosoma, 550, 565

sayi (Dyar and Knab), Janthinosoma, origi-
nal description, 554

sayi (Theobald), Janthinosoma, original de-
scription, 555

sayi, Psorophora, 528, 529, 554, 562, 566, 572,
776

sayi jamaicensis, Janthinosoma, 548
sayi jamaicensis, Janthinosoma, original de-
scription, 550
scapularis, Aedes, 435, 547, 617, 618, 621, 783,
789

scapularis, Culex, 783, 784

scapularis, Culex, original description, 784

scapularis, Leucomyia, 784, 799

schausi, Sabethes, 24

schedocyclia, Lesticocampa, 163, 164, 174

scholasticus, Culex, 223, 226, 230, 363, 406,
407, 597

scholasticus, Culex, 597

scholasticus, Grabhamia, 339, 597

scholasticus, Janthinosoma, 597

scholasticus, Janthinosoma, 241, 600

scholasticus, Janthinosoma, original descrip-
tion, 597

schwarsi, Aedes, 572

schivarzi, Janthinosoma, 572

schwarzi, Janthinosoma, original description,
573

scintillans. Psorophora, 538, 541, 544
scintillans, Sabethes, original description, 539

scintillans, Sabethes, 538
scintillaus, Psorophora, 538
scolasticus, Culex, 339

scotinomus, Wyeomyia, 55, 56, 57, 157, 935
seotinomus, Phoniomyia, 157
scotinomus, Phoniomyia, original description,
157

scutellaris sumarensis, Stegomyia, 833
Seutomyia, 608, 609, 610
Scutomyia, 612

secutor, Culex, 221, 225, 229, 241, 242, 259, 262,

270, 277, 282, 287, 430, 597, 806
secutor, Culex ?, 279, 371
senegalensis, Catageiomyia, 611
septemstriatus, Aedes, 618, 619, 622, 846
septentrionalis, Megarhinus, 766, 930, 931,

932, 943, 946, 962, 1038
sericeus, Culex, 360

serratus, Aedes, 617, 618, 620, 781, 794. 797,

799, 802
serratus, Aedes, 799
serratus, Culex, 791, 794, 799
serratus, Culex, 779, 792, 797, 799
serratus, Culex, original description, 794
serratus, Ochlerotatus. 794, 797, 799
serratus, Protoculex, 794, 799
serratus, Protoculex, 611
seudopictus, Anopheles, 980
sexlineata, Aedes, 618, 619, 622, 847
sexlineata, Gymnometopa, 847
sexlineata, Hwmagogus, 847
sexlineata, Stegomyia, 847
sexlineata, Stegomyia, original description,

848

sierrensis, ? Finlaya, 644
sierrensis, Ta niorhynehus, 644
sierrensis, Tamiorhynchus, original descrip-
tion, 644

sierronsis, Tcvniorhynchus (?), 644
signifer, Aedes, 888
signifer, Bancroftia, S88
signifer, Culex, 887
signifer, Culex, 878

signifer, Culex, original description, 888

signifer, Culex (f), 887
signifer, Culex (pneumaculex), 888
signifer, Mansonia, 887
signifer, Mansonia, 891

signifer, Orthopodomyia, 581, 766, 879, 887,
892, 893, 930, 950, 1038

INDEX

1061

signifer, Pneumaculex, 887, 888
signifer, Stegomyia, 887
signifer, Stegomyia, 878
signifer, Stegomyia (?), 887
signifera, Stegomyia, 887
signipennis, Feltidia, 575
signipennis, Grabhamia, 575
signipennis, Janthinosoma, 575
signipennis, Psorophora, 528, 529, 575
signipennis. Taniorhynchus. 575
signipennis, Tseniorhynchus, original descrip-
tion, 575

signipennis, Taniorhynchus (? Culex), 575
similis, Culex, 222, 223, 224, 228, 339, 343,

359, 373, 377, 408, 600, 1040, 1041
similis lachrimans, Culex, 342, 377
simmsi, Phoniomyia, 146
simmsi, Phoniomyia, original description, 146
simmsi, Phoniomyia (?), 146
simmsi, Wyeomyia, 55, 56, 58, 146, 152
Simondella. 40
Simondella, 40, 43
simplex, Heptaphlebomyia, 217
simulator, Culex, 224, 226, 228, 302
Simtjliid^, 218
Simulium, 218, 368, 872, 1039
sinensis, Anopheles, 964
siphonalis, Culex, 688

siphonalis, Culex, original description, 688

siphonalis, Culicada, 688
Skusea, 608, 610, 611
Skusea, 612
skusii, Culex, 346

skusii, Culex, original description, 348
skusii, Culex fatigans, 346
smithi. Aedes, 94
smithi. Dendromyia, 94
smithii, Aedes, 94

smithii, Aedes, original description, 95

smithii, Aedes (Verrallina ?), 94

smithii, Dendromyia, 65, 94

smithii, Dendromyia, 51

smithii, Wyeomyia, 20, 52, 53, 56, 57, 94

smithii, Wyeomyia, 62, 65, 79

socialis, Uranotsenia, 900, 901, 905

solicitans, Culex, 658, 659

sollicitans, Aedes, 508, 616, 619, 620, 658, 667,

670, 671, 702
sollicitans, Culex, 658

sollicitans, Culex, 662, 663, 664, 665, 703, 704,
705

sollicitans, Culex, original description, 659
sollicitans, Culex (Ochlerotatus), 658
sollicitans, Culicada, 658
sollicitans, Grabhamia, 655, 658, 659
sollicitans, Ochlerotatus, 658
sorocula. Wyeomyia, 69
sororcula, Wieomyia, 69
, sororcula, Wyeomyia, 53, 57, 58, 65, 69
spanius, Dinanamesus, 201, 213
spathipalpis, Culiseta, 477
spenceri, Aedes, 723
spenceri, Aedes, 678
spenceri, Culex, 723
spenceri, Grabhamia, 723
spenceri, Ochlerotatus, 723, 727

spencerii, Aedes, 615, 616, 618, 620, 633, 658,
723, 729

spencerii, Culex, 723

spencerii, Culex, original description, 723

spencerii, Grabhamia, 723

spencerii idahoensis, Grabhamia, 727, 735

spencerii idahoensis, Grabhamia, original de-
scription, 727

sphinx, Culex, 222, 224, 230, 301, 1040

spissipes, Culex, 222, 226, 230, 311, 312, 315

spissipes, Melanoconion, 312

spissipes, Melanoconion, original description,
313

splendens, Aedes, 865

splendens, Culex, 564, 936

splendens, Htemagogus, 29, 48, 621, 863, 864,

865, 869, 870, 872
squamepennis, Mdomyia, 894
squamifer, Culex, 705, 708
squamiger, Aedes, 616, 618, 621, 671, 705
squamiger, Culex, 705, 708, 709
squamiger, Culex, 611, 683, 709, 710, 712
squamiger, Culex, original description, 705
squamiger, Culicada, 705
squamiger, Lepidoplatys, 705, 709
squamiger, Taniorhynchus, 705
squamipennis, Aedeomyia, 893, 894
squamipennis, Aedes, 894
squamipennis, Aedes, 893
squamipennis, Aedes, original description, 894
squammipenna, Aedeomyia, 894
Stegoconops, 610, 863
Stegoconops, 14, 863, 864
Stegomyia, 607, 608, 609, 610, 611, 826, 877
Stegomyia, 12, 14, 474, 612, 613, 850, 878, 891
Stegomyin^;, 14

stenolepis, Culex, 105, 112, 221, 224, 229, 249,

443, 935
stenolepus, Culex, 249
Stenoscutus, 610
Stenoscutus, 612
Stethomyia, 962, 963, 964
Stethomyia, 12, 964
stigmatosa, Culex, 236

stigmatosoma, Culex, 220, 225, 228, 234, 236,

239, 240
stimulans, Aedes, 688

stimulans, Aedes, 616, 618, 621, 679. 685, 691,
694

stimulans, Culex, 679, 694
stimulans, Culex, 682

stimulans, Culex, original description, 679
sthmilans, Culex (Culicada), 679
strigimacula, Anopheles, 253, 292, 293, 773,

966, 995, 997, 998
subcantans, Aedes, 679
subcantans, Aedes, 686, 691
subcantans, Culicada, 679
subcantans, Culicada, original description,

679

subcanta7is, Ochlerotatus, 679
subfuscus, Culex, 224, 226, 230, 429
sumarensis, Stegomyia scutellaris, 833
superbus, Megarhinus, 105, 112, 152, 165, 251,

443, 931, 932, 958
superpictus. Anopheles, 980

1062

INDEX

sylvestris, Aedes, 195, 534, 616, 619, 620, 694,

732, 776, 801
sylvestris, Aedes, in table of genera, 195
sylvestris, Culex, 694

sylvestris, Culex, 458, 490, 611, 698, 700, 703
sylvestris, Culex, original description, 694
sylvestris, Culex (Ochlerotatus), 694
sylvestris, Ecculex, 694
sylvestris, Ochlerotatus, 694
sylvicola, Aedes, 709
sylvicola, Aedes, 712
sylvicola, Culex, 708, 709
sylvicola, Culex, original description, 709
sylvicola, Lepidoplatys, 709
symmachus, Wyeomyia, 52, 55, 56, 57, 142,
146

twniatus, Culex, 824, 825
taeniatus, Culex, 513, 831
taeniatus, Culex, original description, 827
taeniopus, Culex, 221, 226, 230, 248
twniorhyncha, Theobaldia, 667
taeniorhynchoides, Leslieomyia, 611
Twniorhynchus, 466, 501, 607, 608, 609, 610
Tseniorhynchus, 11, 51, 177, 501, 512, 513, 612,

613, 627, 644, 645, 763, 905
tseniorhynchus, Aedes, 616, 619, 621, 633, 661,

667, 675, 682, 708
twniorhynchus, Culex, 505, 516, 658, 667, 668,

672

tseniorhynchus, Culex, 231, 232, 501, 502, 516,
611, 612, 662, 670, 671, 673, 702, 703

taeniorhynchus, Culex, original description,
668

twniorhynchus, Culicelsa, 668, 672
twniorhynchus, Ochlerotatus, 668
taeniorhynchus, Taeniorhynchus, 513, 516
twniorhynchus. Theobaldinella, 668
tahoensis, Aedes, 1041

tarsalis, Culex, 220, 224, 229, 230, 236, 315,

482, 489, 496, 927, 1040
tarsalis, Culex, 236
tarsalis ?, Culex, 287
tarsalis, Duttonia, 611
tarsalis, Stegomyia (f), 230
tarsimaculata, Anopheles, 966, 967, 969, 975,

984

tarsopus, Sabethes, 24, 25
tasmaniensis, Andersonia, 611
Teleopteres, 13

telestica, Wyeomyia, 54, 56, 58, 61, 117, 137
tei minalis, Janthinosoma, 552
terminalis, Janthinosoma, original descrip-
tion, 553

terminalis, Psorophora, 528, 529, 530, 552
Teromyia, 928
Teromyia, 928

territans, Culex, 217, 222, 224, 228, 293, 303,

337, 374, 490
territans, Culex, 300, 301
territans, Ncoculex, 293
testaceus, Aedes, 616, 619, 622, 717
testaceus, Culex, 717

testaceus, Culex, original description, 717
testaceus, Ochlerotatus, 717
tetraspathus, Deinocerites, 201, 209
texanum, Janthinosoma, 585

texanum, Janthinosoma, 586

texanum, Janthinosoma, original description,

585

texanum, Psorophora, 528, 529, 530, 585, 594

Theobaldia, 474, 475

Theobaldia, 12, 475, 476

Theobaldinella, 475

Theobaldinella, 475, 476

Theobaldius, 476

thibaulti, Aedes, v

Thomasina, 878

Thomasina, 878, 886

thorntoni, Aedes, 615, 619, 621, 812, 815, 819
tibialis, Culex, 530
tibialis, Culex, 290, 531
tibialis, Psorophora, 536
tibiamaculata, Anopheles, 1006
tibiamaculata, Myzomya, 1002
tibiamaculata, Myzomyia, 1002, 1003
tibiamaculata, Mvzomyia, original descrip-
tion, 1003
tibia-maculata, Myzorhynchella, 1003
tigripes, Culex, 16
Tinolestes, 216, 217
Tinolestes, 217

TlPXILID^E, 22

titillans, Culex, 516

titillans, Culex, 501, 502

titillans, Culex, original description, 517

titillans, Mansonia, 503, 514, 516, 523, 882,

897, 1041
titillans, Panoplites, 516
titillans, Twniorhynchus, 516
tittilans, Mansonia, 517
toltecum, Janthinosoma, 588
toltecum, Janthinosoma, 591
toltecum, Janthinosoma, original description,

588

toltecum, Psorophora, 528, 529, 543, 588, 594
tormentor, Aedes, 617, 619, 783, 792, 797, 799,
801, 802

tortilis, Aedes, 617, 618, 619, 621, 804, 806

tortilis, Culex, 806

tortilis, Culex, original description, 806
toweri, Culex, 221, 224, 229, 281
Toxorhynchites, 928
Toxorhynchites, 12, 928, 929, 940

TOXORHYNCHITINA, 13

toxorhynchus, Culex, 513, 829
trachycampa, Culex, 222, 226, 228, 329
tremula, Macleaya, 611
Trichopronomyia, 216, 217
Trichopronomyia, 217, 246
Trichoprosopon, 162, 175
Trichoprosopon, 12, 42, 175
Trichophosoponina, 12, 20, 41
Trichoprosoponin^, 14
Trichoprosopus, 163, 175, 176
trichopygus, Megarhinus, 937
trichorryes, Joblotia, 163, 176, 181, 183
trichorrycs, Joblotia (f), 183
tricJiura, Culicada, 759
trichurus, Aedes, 617, 619, 620, 735, 759
trichurus, Culex, 759
trichurus, Culex, 762

trichurus, Culex, original description, 759

trichurus, Culicada, 759

INDEX

1063

trichurus, Grabhamia, 759
trichurus, Ochlerotatus, 759
trilineata, Hulecceteomyia, 611
trilineatus, Culex, 346
trilineatus, Culex fatigans, 346
trilineatus, Culex fatigans, original descrip-
tion, 350

trinidadensis, Megarhinus, 931, 932, 943, 951
trinidadensis. Megarhinus, 956
trinidadensis, Phoniomyia. 59
trinidadensis, Wyeomyia, 52, 53. 56, 57, 59,

117, 139
tripunctata, Danielsia, 720
triseriata, Grabhamia, 762
triseriata, Protomacleaya, 763
triseriatus, Aedes, 617, 619, 620, 762, 879, 930,

950, 1038
triseriatus, Culex, 762, 763
triseriatus, Culex, 611, 645, 767, 773
triseriatus, Culex, original description, 763
triseriatus, Culex (Ochlerotatus), 763
triseriatus, Culicada, 762
triseriatus, Grabhamia, 762
triseriatus, Ochlerotatus, 762
triviatus, Culex (Ochlerotatus), 773
trivittata, Pseudohowardina, 773
trivittatus, Aedes, 617, 618, 621, 773, 777
trivittatus, Culex, 773, 778
trivittatus, Culex, 611, 787
trivittatus, Culex, original description, 773
trivittatus, Culicada, 773
trivittatus, Ochlerotatus, 773
troglodytus, Deinocerites, 200, 201, 206
tucumanus, Anopheles, 1015
tucumanus, Anopheles, original description,

1018

typhlosomata, Uranotsenia, 900, 901, 924

ulocoma, Dendromyia, 50, 51
ulocoma, Wyeomyia, 116, 119, 121, 136
ulocoma, Wyeomyia, 119
ulopus, Lesiicocampa, 172
ulopus, Lesticocampa, original description,
172

uncatus, Aedes, 821

uncatus, Aedes, original description, 821
underwoodi, Bucorethra, 2
undosus, Sabethes, 33
undosus, Sabethes, 35, 109
undosus, Sabethinus, 32, 33, 36, 37, 55, 111,
144

undosus, Sabethoides, 33

undosus, Sabethoides, original description, 33
uniannulata, Neopecomyia, 611
uniformis, Mansonia, 503
unilineata, Quasistegomyia, 611
Uranotsenia, 5, 11, 21, 189, 192, 193, 446, 474,
612, 898, 900, 906, 919
f Uranotsenia in tables of genera, 194, 195, 196
Uranot.eniina, 13
Uranotveniin^e, 14
Uranotvkmna, 900
urichii, Carrollia, 229, 461, 464
urichii, Melanoconion, 464
urichii, Melanoconion (?). 464
urichii, Mochlostyrax, 464

vanduzeei, Wyeomyia, 52, 53, 56, 58, 65, 85,
101

vanhalli, Janthinosoma, 181
vanhalli, Psorophora, 181
variegatus, Culex, 827
varietas, Aioretomyia, 611
varioannulatus, Culex, 361
varioannulatus, Culex, original description,
362

varipalpis, Culex, 644
varipalpus, Aedes, 615, 619, 621, 644
varipalpus, Culex, 644
varipalpus, Culex, 432

varipalpus, Culex, original description, 644
varipalpus, Culicada, 644
varipalpus, Grabhamia, 644
varipalpus, Ochlerotatus, 644
varipes, Conchyliastes, 569
varipes, Conchyliastes, 575
varipes, Conchyliastes, original description,
570

varipes, Culex (Janthinosoma), 569
varipes, Ianthinosoma, 569
varipes, Janthinosoma, 569, 572, 574
varipes, Janthinosoma, 574
varipes, Psorophora, 572
vector, Culex, 430
vector, Culex, 435

vector, Culex, original description, 431
vector, Culex imitator, 430
ventrovittis, Aedes, 1041
venustipes, Aedes, 893
Verrallina, 216, 608, 609, 610, 611
Verrallina, 612, 817

vestitipennis, Anopheles, 966, 967, 989
vexans, Aedes, 699
vexans, Culex, 699
vigilax, Culex, 832

vindicator, Culex, 221, 225, 227, 264, 266, 272
violacea, Megarhina (?), 936
violaceus, Culex, 936
violaceus, Culex, 564, 928
violaceus, Culex, original description, 936
violaceus, Megarhinus, 931, 932, 933, 936, 954
violaceus, Megarhinus. 932, 954
violescens, Wieomyia, 79
violescens, Wyeomyia, 53, 57, 58, 79, 101
virescens, Psorophora, 528, 529, 530, 541, 772,
789

virescens, Psorophora. 541
viridifrons, Culex, 825

viridifrons, Culex, original description, 828
vittata, Aedes, 616, 619, 622, 691, 694
vittata, Grabhamia, 478, 691
vittata, Grabhamia, 706

vittata, Grabhamia, original description, 691
vittata, Ochlerotatus, 691
vittatus, Aedes, 686, 691
vittatus, Culex, 784
vulgaris, Culex, 218, 368

walkeri, Aedes, 618, 619, 620, 849
walkeri, Anopheles, 966, 967, 1033, 1036
walkeri, Culex, 849
walkeri, Culex (Stegomyia ?), 849
walkeri, Culex (Stegomyia ?), 611

1064

INDEX

walkeri, Culex (Stegomyia ?), original de-
scription, 850

walkeri, Hwmagogus, 850

walkeri, Howardina, 849, 850

walkeri, Howardina, 857, 859

walsinghamii, Twniorhynchus. 581

walsinghamii, Taeniorhynchus, original de-
scription, 582

waverleyi, Bancroftia, 891

waverleyi, Mansonia, 891

waverleyi, Mansonia, original description, 891
waverleyi, Orthopodomyia, 879, 891

toaverleyi, Pneumaculex, 891
ivillistoni, Culex, 230
Worcesteria, 928
Worcesteria, 928, 929
Wyeomyia, 162

Wyeomyia, 6, 8, 12, 33, 35, 41, 49, 73, 77, 81, 91

163, 300, 446, 806, 933, 935, 958, 1040
Wyeomyia in table of genera, 22, 23

zammitii, Acartomyia, 611

zonatipes, Culex, 825

zonatipes, Culex, original description, 829

I

I