MACCULLOCH, 22101733013 ■ A 'i n 1' ;; 1 u I'i i‘'i ; j - !• cK „r I a. XXXV ■ OUR NATIVE FERNS; HISTORY OR THE BRITISH SPECIES AND THEIR VARIETIES. VOLUME II. CONTAINING DESCRIPTIONS OF TWENTY-EIGHT SPECIES AND NINE HUNDRED AND TEN VARIETIES OF BRITISH FERNS. Mcmb. Scottish Meteor. Soe., lion. Mem. Dublin Nat. Hist. Soe., Mcmb. Geolog. Soo. Edin.. orr. Mem. Lyceum Nat. Hist., New York, Corr. Mem. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soe., ct Author of a “Natural Histo^ of British and Exotic Ferns,” “British Grasses,” “New and Rare Ferns,” “Beautiful Leaved Plants,” etc. WITH FORTY-TWO COLOURED PLATES, AND FIVE HUNDRED AND NINETY-TWO WOOD ENGRAVINGS. I. O N D O N : GROOMBRIDGE AND SONS, 5, PATERNOSTER ROW. OR A ATHYRIUM. ASPLENIUM. SCOLOPENDRIUM. CETERACH. LOMARIA. PTERIS. ADIANTUM. CYSTOPTERIS. WOODSIA. TRICHOMANES. HYMENOPHYLLUM. OSMUNDA. OPHIOGLOSSUM. BOTRYCHIUM. BY M DCCC LXVII. LIST OF COLOURED PLATES AND WOOD-CUT YOL [The Roman numerals Plate XXXV. — Athyrium filix-fcemina. Fig. 276, portion of XXXVI. — Var. Multifidum XXXVII.— Var. Corymbiferum XXXVIII. — Var. Acrocladon XXXIX, A. — Var. Laciniaxum 277, oxydens 278, latifolium 279, conioides 280, ramo-diffissum 281, semidepauperatum 282, 283, Monkmanii 284, confluens 285, subdepauperatum 286, acuminatum 287, 288, Rutsonii 289, plumosum-Monkmanii 290, cristato-polydactylum 291, polyclados 292, mtiltifidum-nanum 293, multifidum-Edelsteni 294, multifldum-tenue 295, multifidum-Mapplcbcckii 296, multifidum-Coolingii 297, multifidum-Frascri 298, excurrens 299, 300, ramo-tliyssanotum 301, maciicntum 302, niarinum 303, Courtaulditc 304, ramulosum 305, inciso-digitatuin 306, alatum-Fraseri 307, apuaforine 308, Applebyamim 309, Arrancnse 310, Rariiesil 311, 312, bilidum 313, Rnlfburii 314, crispatum 315, -curtum 31(5, coiitortuiu 317 318, crispum 319, coroiiaUim ILLUSTRATIONS. II. are Coloured Plates.] 320, crispum-coronatum 321, corymbiferum-Lowei 322, dareoides 323, diffissum 324, defectum 325, digitale 326, 327, denticulatum 328, depauperatura 329, depauperatum-Edelstenii 330, difflsso-multifidum 331, 332, dissectum 333, dissimile 334, clongatum 335, 336, Elwortlili 337, erosum 338, eroso-decurrens 339, exile 340, extremo-digitatum 341, flexuosum 342, Fieldiaj 343, Fieldite-pumilum 344, flssidens 345, Fraserii 346, Frizellim 347, Frizellioe-nanum 348, 349, formosum 350, frondosum 351, fiircillatum 352, glomeratuni 353, Grantise 354, iiicisum 355, grandidens 356, Harrisiaj 357, inciso-multifidum 358, impastum 359, incomplctum 360, 361, interruptum 362, irrcgulare 363, I very an um 364, Jamesii 365, kalon 366, laciniatum-disscctum 367, laccratum 368, 369, latifolio-conflucns 370, laciniato-confluciis 371, laciniato-lincatiun 372, laciniato-olcgaiis 373, laciniato-iiiterruplum IV LIST OF COLOUUED PLATES 374, laciniato-truncatum 375, laciniato-Pacllcyi 376, 377, Laveyanum 378, latum, 379, laxum, 380, Mesembryanthemoidcs 381, mucroiiatum 382, multiceps 383, Moorei 384, multicuspe 385, multifurcatum 386, pannosum 387, pannosum-nanum 388, Parsonsiae 389, parviceps 390, plumosum-Jervisii 391, plumosum-Barnesii 392, plumosum-Stansfieldii 393, plumosum-pruinosum 394, polydactylon 395, pnrpureum 396, pygmceum 397, 398, and 399, ramo- depauperatum 400, ramo-ci'istatum 401, ramosum 402, stenodon 403, 404, subdigitatum 405, subcrucifovme 406, tenue 407, trifldum 408, tliyssanotum 409, tridentato-multifidum 410, tortile 411, uncum 412, undulatum 413, 414, variabile 415, variabile-Jervisii 416, Vernoniae 417, Elwovthii-splendens 418, Padleyi 419, 420, Willisonii 421, confluens-rainor 422, singulare 423, Victoria 424, reflexum 425, imbricatum 426, phylloideum 427, 428, laciniato- polymorphum 429, laciniato-laceratum 430, Buberosum 431, 432, Edwardsii 433, 434, Monense 435, Vernoniae -cristatum 436, uncum-ramosum 437, tenuifolium 438, abasiphyllum 439, gratum 440, gratissimum 441, truncatum 442, apioides 443, arcuosum, 444, rachidioidcs 445, Craigii 446, Foxtoni 447, brcvipinnulum 448, Pritchardii 449, Doodioidcs 450, plicatum 451, delicatissimura 452, Prichardii-cristatum 453, cornigcrum 454, cristulatum 455, Fieldiae-compositum 456, I'ieldiffi-compositum- multifidum 457, Fieldiae-Iancifolium 458, convexum-multifidum 459, gracile 460, dilaceratum 461, 462, diadematum 463, plumoso-multifidum, 464, stipatum 465, orbiculatiim 466, rliaeticum 467, apiculatum 468, acuminatissimum 469, filum 470, coronans 471, remotum 472, eroso-cristatum 473, Scopoeforme 474, fissidente-excurrens 475, 476, caudatum 477, 478, formoso-cristatum 479, Intifoliiim-multitidum 480, sub-plumosum 481, arctum 482, 483, foliaceum 484, 485, corymbifero-strictum 486, 487, multilidum-nanum- angustatum 488, Stansfieldii 489, laciniato-laxum 490, Frizcllioe-cristatum 491, incisum-truncatum 492, Fieldioe-imbricatum 493, pulcherrimum XXXIX, B. — Asplenium Lanceolatum, Var. Microdon XL.— Asplenium Lanceolatum 494, portion of 495, kalon 496, obtusum 497, caudatum 498, bifidum 499, Kitsoniae 500, incisum 501, excisum XLT, A. — Asplenium Germanicum 502, portion of 503, acutideiitatum i XLI, B. — Asplenium Septentrionalk ' 604, portion of \ XLII, A.— Asplenium fontanum 505, portion of 606, multilidum 607, laxum 608, depaupcratum 509, lacinialuiu I 610, Ualluri AND WOOD-CUT ILLUSTRATIONS. XLII, B. — .\sn.ENIUM ERENEUM, VAR. REFRACTUM 511, 512, portions of normal form 613, refractum XLIII. — Asplen’ium adiantum-nigrum 514, portion of 615, microdon 616, ramosuin 517, obtusatum 518, serratuin 519, oxyphylliun 520, grandiceps 521, depauperntiim 522, Edwavdsii 523, fiabcllatiim 524, varicgatum 525, subcoiifiiieiis 526, incisum 527, 528, intermedium XLIV. — Asplenium mauinum XLV, A.— interruptum XLV, B. — ramosum 529, portion of 530, subserratum 531, parallelum 532, sub-bipinnatura 533, incisum 534, bicrenatura 535, 536, acutum 537, variabiie 538, 539, iaxum 540, 541, trapeziformc 542, caudatum 543, imbricatum 544, ramo- tvapeziforme 645, 646, Tliompsonim 547, multitido-irreguiaro XLVI. — Asplenium trichomanes. 548, incisum 649, ramo.sum 550, bifurcum 551, katastakton 552 racimosum 653, acrocladon 554, corymbiferum 555, serratum 656, serratum-major 657, incisum-laciiiiatum 658, lobatum 659, subasquale 560, confiuens 661, cristatum 662, multifidum 663, corn uto- ramosum 66-1, Ilarovii 665, raino-dcpaupcratum 666, biceps 667, interruptum 668, crenato-lobatum 569, depauperatuin 570, imbricatum 671, incisum-triangiilarc 672, incisum-Clapliami 673, ramo-lobatum 674, grandidens X LV 1 1 . — AsPLEN lUM V IRIUE. 676, multiliduin 676, 677, deltoidcum 578, imbricatum 579, incisum 680, crenatum 681, stipatum 682, ramosum 683, cuncatum 684, varians XLVIIi. — Asplenium ruta-muraria. 685, dwarf plant 686, ramo-depauperatum 687, attenuatum 688, trifoliatura 589, ramosum 590, cuncatum 691, unilaterale 692, cristatum XLIX. — ScOT.OPBNDRIUM VULGARB. L, A. — cristatum L, B. — reniforme LI. — ramo-marginatum Lll, A. — submarginatum LII, B.— jugosum Llll, A. — sublineato-striatum LllI, B. — sagittato-cristatum LIV, A. — Stansfieldii LIV, B.— marginato-irregulare LY._ramosum-maju3 LVI, A. — suprasoriferum LVI, B. — contractum LXIV, B. — varicgatum- Claphami 593, portion of 594, crenato-lobatum 595, submarginato-muitiiidum 596, crispum- latum 697, papillosum 698, transverso-lobatum 699, peraferum 600, acrocladon 601, cornuto-abruptum 602, polycuspe 603, constrictum 604, sagittato-cristatum 605, crenato-multiBdum 606, niultiforme 607, rugosum 608, irrcgulare 609, marginatum 610, laccratum 611, subpinriatum 612, subcornutum 613, pbyllolopliyron 614, bleeps 615, duplex 616, acanthodes 017, latifolium 618, periergou 619, scalptiirutum 620, supralincatum 621, gymnosorum 622, simmto-imiltilldum 623, undiilato- ramosum 024, 025, umlulato-coiitr.actiim 626, muricalo-margiiuitum 627, undulato-lobiitum VI LIST or COLOUKED PLATES \ 628, ramusculum 629, Edwardsii) 630, proliferutn 631, spirale 632, Ehvorthii 633, Lentonense 634, muricatuin 635, aikinoton 636, tortuoso-cristatum 637, ptyoides 638, crispum-grandidens 639, divergens 640, Cliftii 641, patuliun 642, fimbriatum 643, variabile 644, unilaterale-ramosum 645, marginato-contractum 646, multifidum 647, distortum 648, digitatum 649, bimarginatum 650, Marchantioides 651, turgido-irregulai'C 652, stenomenon 653, fissiim-latum 654, undulatum 655, turgidurn 656, 657, alatum 658, marginato-laceratum 659, fisso-lobatiun 660, transverso-multifidum 661, flabellatura 662, cornutum 663, Balfoiirii 664, mutatum 665, plumoso-lobatum 666, rotundifoliuin 667, multilidum-nanum 668, margiiiato-triforme 669, convolvere 670, multifido-laceratum 671, arietinum 672, Glavei 673, coriaceo-cristatiim 674, biinarginato-multifidum 675, marginato-irregulare 676, supralineato-multifidum 677, Wardii 678, dentatum 679, pseudo- Wardii 680, Jauiesii 681, fissile 682, fissile-Monkmanii 683, 684, circiiiatuin 685, polyschides-erispuin 686, ramosuin 687, irregulare-minus 688, brevifolium 689, Hendersonii 690, glomeratuin 691, conglomeratum 692, dareoidcs 693, Hookerii 694, sagittato-polycuspe 695, variegato-crcnatum 696, undulato-multifidum 697, marginato-Moiikinanii 698, supralinoato-constrictum 699, erosum 700> marglnato-cordatum 701, laciniatuni 702, lobatum-ramosum 703, ramo-prollferum 704, ramo-palmatum 705, antrorso-cristatum 706, Eostgateanum 707, aceisum 708, concavo-ramosum 709, laceratum-Monkmanii 710, kephaloton 711, inversum 712, subcornuto-laciniatum 713, hebetatum 714, cacumene 715, Lacertum 716, constellatum 717, tiarasforme 718, coronare 719, conjungendum 720, cornuto-Iaceratum 721, latum 722, sagittatum 723, graiidiceps 724, glomerato-variabile 725, muricatum-tenue 726, pleeomenon 727, Claphamii 728, alto-lobatum 729, Stephanotes 730, palinatum-marginatum 731, projectum 732, polymorphon 733, uiidulato-varians 734, dactyloton 735, contorquere 736, supralineato-cornutum 737, ramoso-cristatum 738, variegatum-Ehvorthii 739, fissum-variegatum 740, variegatum-Willisonii 741, omnilacerum 742, kraspedoumenon 743, sinum 744, Coolingii 745, sagittato-projectum 746, marginato-papillosum 747, Padleyense 748, cristatum-Monkmanii 749, crispum-eristatum 750, polydaetylura 751, polyschizomenon 752, Gloverii 753, subcornutum-marginatum 754, cornuto-superbum 755, inargiiiato-multiceps 756, truneatum 757, crenato-cristatum 758, plicatum 759, supraliueato-crispum 760, loucliopboruin 761, margiiiato-biformo 762, piiiiuuifiduin 763, papilloso-irregularc 764, corrugato-cristatum 765, scalpturato-latum 766, aduncum 767, corrugato-fissum 768, Malcoinsoniie 769, lato-digitatum AND WOOn-CUT ILIiUSTRATlONS. VU 770, Cervi-cornii 771, marginato coronatum 77^, coTigregatum 773, corymbiferum 774, columnare 775, Keratoidcs 776, polycuspe-undosum 777, polycuspe-angiistum 778, ramo- marginatum LVII. — Cktekach ofpicikarum. 779, portion of 780, minimum 781, variabile 782, kalon 783, 784, ramoso-crlstatum LVITI. — Lomaria spican't. 785, portion of 786, st'ricta 787, Padleyense 788, furcans 789, anomala 790, gigantea 791, 792, subserrata TJX, A.-id. LIX, B, and C. — ramosa LX, A. — heterophylla LX, B. — imbricata LX, C.— contracta LX, D.— contracta-ramosa 793, minima-interrupta 794, conferta 795, projecta 796, retusa, 797, crispato-imbricata 798, serrata 799, Kitsoniae 800, ramo-cristata 801, lancifolia 802, cristata 803, multifurcata 804, elegans 805, brevipes 806, 807, projecto-multifida 808, anomala-lineata 809, rotundata 810, caudata 811, 812, duplex 813, Claphamii 814, 815, multifida 816, ramosa-Cliftii 817, attemiata 818, imbricato-crecta 819, Monkmanii 820, ramoso-irregulare 821, cristato-crispa 822, flabellata 823, scrrulata 824, marginato-Irrcgularo 825, conflucns LXI.— Ptekis aquiuna. 826, portion of 827, bisulca 828, cristata 829, 830, furcans 831, ramoso-irrcgularo LXII. — AdIANTUM CAPtLLUS-VKXERIS. 832, portion of 833, incisnm-Footii 834, Hookerii 835, Footii 836, depaupcratum 837, kalon 838, bulbiferum 839, incisum LXIII. — Cystopteris fraoilis. 840, portion of LXIV, A. — dentata 841, decurrens LXV. — Dickieana 842, crispa 843, trnncata-interrupta 844, Adiantoides 845, gracile LXl'^I. — furcans 846, 847, 848, interrupta 849, obtusa 850, Davallioides 851, cristata 852, quad rata 853, pulcherrima LXVII— Cystopteuis regia. 854, portion of LXVIIL— Cystopteris mortaxa. 855, pinna of LXIX. — VVooDSiA Hyperborea. 856, plant of LXX. — WooDsiA Ilvexsis. 857, plant of LXXI. — Trichomanes radicans. 858, portion of 859, Andrewsii LXXI I, A — furcans LXXII, B. — Hymenopkyllum Tunbridqe.nsb. 860, portion of LXX III.— H YJIEXOPIIYLLUM ijnilateualb. 861, portion of LXXIV. — O.'-MUNDA REGALIS. 862, pinnule of 863, cristata LXXV, A. — Ophioglossum vulgatum. 864, portion of LXXV, B. — Ophioglossum Lusitanicum. 865, barren frond of LXXVI, A. — Botrycuium lunaria. 866, portion of LXXVI, n.— incisum t OUR NATIVE FERNS. GENUS VI. ATHYRIUM. Roth. The present genus of Roth, holding a midway position between Aspidiam and Asplenium, is rejected as a genus by some of our greatest authorities, being united to Asplenium. Sir W. Hooker places it in Asplenium as a sub-genus, dividing Asplenium into the groups Thamnopteris , Euasplenium, Athy- rium, Eudiplazium, Anisogonium, and Ilemidictyum. Seven species are placed under Thamnopteris, and commonly called Bird-nest Ferns, none of which are found in Europe. They are distinguished by a marginal longitudinal vein, with which the apices of the transverse veins unite, and there only. Fronds simple; sori like Euasplenium. Two hundred and seven species belong to Euasplenium, and are distinguished by the sori being plane or nearly so, nearly always single; veins free, simple, or .branched, and the fronds undivided, lobed, or palmatcd, pinnate or bipinnate. In this large branch are to be found Asplenium Ilemionitis of Southern Europe, A. attenuatum of New TTolland, A. marinum of Great Britain, A. lucidum of New Zealand, A. angustifolium of the United States, A. compressum of St. Helena, A. trichomanes of Great Britain, A. Petrarchce of Southern France, A. eheneum of North America, A. monanthemum of Madeira, A. viride of England, A. septentrionale of Great Britain, A. Germanicum of Great Britain, A. ruta-muraria of Great Britain, A. Jissum of Southern Europe, A. adianhim- nigrum of England, A. lanceolatum of England, and A. fontanum of England. VOL. II. B ATHYRIUM. O Twenty-nine species belong to Athrjrium, Avliicb are distin- guished by short sori, and lax, convex, or arcuate involucres, and with pinnato-pinnatifid or bi-tripinnate fronds. Amongst these are Asplenium Jiliz-foemina of Great Britain, A. crenatum of Norway, and A. thelypter aides of North America. Fifty-one species belong to Eudiplazium, having double involucres; none of which are European. Seven species belong to Anisogonium, having anastomosing veins; none of which are European. Four species belong to Hemidictyum, having sori very long, naked, asplenoid, with veins anastomosing towards the margin. In this group Sir W. Hooker places Aspdenium ceteracli of England, (the Ceterach officinarum of Willdenow, or Grammitis ceterach of Swartz.) Although I quite agree with Sir W. Hooker in the dubious distinctness of the genus Atliyrium from Asplenium, still as Mr. Moore retains the genus we shall keep the Lady Fern distinct from the other Aspleniums. Atliyrium has short, oblong-lunate, curved, or horse-shoe- sbaped indusiate sori; veins simple or forked from a central costa: venules free. Caudex brief, erect, or creeping. Fronds herbaceous, bi-tripinnate. Only one species inhabits Great Britain. Fig. 276. — Portion of mature Frond, under side. ATHYiilUM riLIX-FCEMINA. Roth. The Lady Fern. PLATE XXXV. Atliyrium fdix-foemina, Eoth, Peesl. Pee. Babington. • I yi f ^ . A \ i i» • \ 1 \l t !■ Jf • / ■K S ATHYKTIJM FILIX-FCEMINA. lY to tlie varieties so named in Lastrca species, with the peculiar sub-imbricate pinnules of Mo7iJimanii. The apices of fronds and pinnte are bifid or trifid, rarely approaching a crest. Mr. Monhman visited the station in Troutbeck, in 1863, and found two more plants. An illustration is not needed. Multifidum, Moore. (Plate XXXVI.) — A most beautiful, symmetrical, and graceful Fern, although a monstrosity. It Avas originally found in Ireland, near Seven Churches, County WicldoAV, by Mr. D. Moore, of the Glasnevin Gardens, Dublin; other very similar forms have since been found in County Clare by the late Dr. Kinahan; in Killarney by Mr. Ogilby; in the lake district of Westmoreland, now in the possession of Mr. G. B. Wollaston; and in Scotland at the base of Ben Lawers by Mr. W. Marshall, of York. This variety is analogous to the cristate variety of Lastrea filix-mas. The fronds are two to three feet in length, and nine or ten inches in Avidth. Normal in habit, broadly lanceolate, and somewhat lax. The characteristic difference of this variety consists in the apices of the fronds, and also of the pinnse and pinnules being beauti- fully tasseled, or divided into dichotomously branched narrow segments. In the many times dichotomously branched apices of the pinnules the tips of the segments are spread out and incised. The pinnules are oblong-acute, subfalcate, pinnatifid, the points of the lobes recurving, as in the variety rhceticum, and thus in some degree detracting from the beauty of the fronds, giving them a curled appearance, although the beauty is not marred to any great extent. ]\Iy thanks are due to Mr. Sim, of Foot’s Cray; Mr. Monkman, of Malton; to Mr. Kennedy, of Covent Garden; to Mr. E. Cooling, of Derby; and to Mr. Veitch, of the Exotic Nurseries, Chelsea, for plants; and to the same gentlemen, and to Mr. G. B. Wollaston, of Chiselhurst, for fronds. Multifidum-ramosum, Moore. — Raised from spores by Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough. Fronds broad and short, they are more lax and slender than in the ordinary form of mul- tijidum, the pinnae being often unequally branched. Pinnules also narroAver, and someAvhat depauperated, and their apices more raggedly multifid. ]\Ir. Moore remarks that the fronds VOL. II. D 18 ATHYHIUM FILIX-FQiMINA. heave a ragged and semi-depauperated appearance. No illus- tration is necesseiry. Multtfidum-nanum, Moore. (Fig. 292.) — A dvaarf, more lax, and narrower-pinnuled variety than multiJidum-Edelstenii. Length of frond ten inches and a half, width four inches. Equal in width, except for one inch and a half below the branching apex, where it suddenly narrows to an inch in width, and then dilates to a multifid apex of one inch and a half in width. Pinnae flexuose, broad at the base, and very narrow near the multifid apices. Pinnules conspicuously fringed with minute hair-like teeth. Stipes and rachis somewhat purple. The multifid apices long, narrow, and lax. The illustration was sent by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Mijltifidum-minus, Moore. — Found at Ilfracombe, Devon- shire, by Mr. C. Jackson. A dwarf variety, not exceeding eight inches in length, being multifid at the apex of the fronds, and having a pencil-like tuft at the caudately-attenuated apices of the pinnae. An illustration is unnecessary. Fig. 293. Multifidum-Ed^lstenii, Lowe. (Fig. 293.) — A dwarf broad- fronded variety of multijidum, raised from spores by Mr. Edelsten, of The Woodlands, Mosely, near Birmingham. Length ■■fir*' ATIIYIUUM Fn,TX-K(KMINA. 19 of frond nine indies, width five indies. Stipes very short. Singularly leafy and plumose. Pinnce opposite below and alternate above, equal in length, except at the ramose apex, and therefore making the frond equal in width near the apex and base. Pinnules long, narrow, and leafy, and very regular in outline. Dentation also very regular. The apices of the pinnai multifid, and the apex of the frond branching and multifid. Vivid green in colour, and delicate in substance. The illustration is from Mr. Edelsten’s frond. Fig. 294. Multifidum-tenue, Lowe. (Fig. 294.) — A thin, very slender, bending-fronded form, found in the Channel Islands by Mr. J. James, of Vauvert. Fronds fourteen inches in length, and five inches and a half in width in the widest part. The pinnae and pinnules closely resemble the normal form of Lastrea Jilix-mas, except in substance, which is as thin as tissue-paper. Apex of frond acuminate. Pinnules leafy and simply dentate. The apices of the pinnae and of the fronds themselves furcate, the furcations being minutely multifid. I am indebted to Mr. James, of Vauvert, for fronds. Fig. 295. Multifidum-Mai’Pleueckii, Lowe. (Fig. 295.) — A very 20 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCRMINA, leafy variety of multifidum, raised from spores by Mr. J. E. Mapplebeck, of Moseley, near Birmingham. Fronds symmetrical, ten inches long, four inches wide. Pinnae opposite below, alternate above; approximate, overlapping each other, except the basal pair; the multifid apices small. Pinnules broad, touching each other without overlapping. The frond widest in the centre, gradually narrowing to the multifid apex. The illustration was sent by Mr. J. E. Mapplebeck. Fig. 296. Multifibum-Coolingii, Loioe. (Fig. 296.) — A large-growing stout variety, raised by Mr. Edwin Cooling, Mile-ash Nursery, near Derby. Length of frond twenty-seven inches, width seven inches. Pinnae narrow, distant, usually furcate, and the fur- cations multifid, broadest at the base, and narrowing gradually to the furcation. The superior basal pinnule the longest. Pinnules long, narrow, and deeply divided. Sori copious, becoming confiuent, and covering the whole under side of the frond. The illustration is from Mr. Cooling’s frond. Multifidum semidepauperatum, Sim. — Raised from spores by Mr. Sim, of Foot’s Cray. In this variety the multifid apex and one side of the frond resemble multi Jidum, whilst the other side has the pinna3 considerably diminished in size, or even wanting, being excessively depauperated. ATHYRIUM FILIX-rCRMlNA. 21 Multifidum-Fraseki, Loioe. (Fig. 297.)— Found in Scotland. A graceful variety. Pinnce normal on one side of the rachis, and all except at the apex depauperate on the other side. The apices of the normal fronds furcate, and the furcations multifid. Pinnules long, narrow, abrupt-pointed, and con- spicuously auriculate. Apex of the frond multifid. The pinnules immediately below the multifid crest not furcate. I am indebted to Mr. P. Neill Fraser, of Edinburgh, for fronds. Fig. 298. — Portion of Frond. Excurrens, Moore. (Fig. 298.) — Found in 1853, at Tun- bridge Wells, and now in the possession of Mr. G. B. AFollaston, of Chiselhurst. This singular variety has the general form of the variety molle, but having rather distant decurrent pinnules. The peculiarity consists in the tips of the pinnm, and occa- sionally of the pinnules and teeth, extending out into transparent ATIIYiaUM FILIX-FOEMINA. OQ f\/f^ hair-like points, giving the appearance of an excurrent growth of the veins, hence its name. The Rev. J. M. Chanter has found near Ilfracombe a variety very similar, except that it has not the excurrent points. Ramo-thysanotum, Monhman. (Figs. 299 and oOO.) — This beautiful form is in no way different from its parent iJnjsanotum, except that it is uniformly bi- or tri-fronded, each division. ATHYIUUM I’lLIX-FOiMINA. 23 when luxuriantly grown, having a disposition to ibrk again. The pinna) are exquisitely toothed; and the terminal and lateral crestings arc large and very compound, hut somewhat flabcllate. Raised by INIr. C. Monkman, who supplies the fronds for illustration. Fig. 301. — Portion of Frond. M.vcilentum, Moore. (Fig. 301.) — A much-cut variety. Length of frond from twelve or thirteen inches, width five inches, Pinnte irregular in size and form, sometimes acuminate or acute at the apex, at others abrupt, broad, or with furcate pinnules. Pinnules laciniated, lacerated, or as if eaten away, various in form and size. In the abnormal pinnules the sori are situated on the extreme edge, being marginal, and even supra-sorifcrous. The illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield. Fig. 302. — Pinna, Ma KiNUM, Moore, ( Aberdeenense of some Gardens.) (Fig. 302.) — Found some years ago in a cave by the sea-side near Aberdeen by Dr. Dickie, and more recently in the Isle of Man by Dr. Allchin. Length of frond from twelve to eighteen inches, rigid, spreading, or decumbent, and sub-bipinnatc to bipinnate, elliptic-lanceolate in form, the ]')inna) being longest in the centre of the frond, narrowing equally both towards the 24 ATHYKIUM riLIX-FCEMTNA. base and apex. Pinna3 almost equal in width for two thirds of their length, eventually contracting into an acuminate point. Pinnules crowded, even overlapping, mostly largest next the main rachis, oblong and blunt in form with rounded apices, connected by a narrow wing set on at right angles, the margin toothed with narrow indentations, the lobes being scarcely developed. The scales at the base of the stipetes are almost black. Sori lunate ; they are situated as a double line near the costa of the pinnules. An interesting plant, which I received some years ago from Dr. Dickie, through Mr. Mackay. Fig. 303. — Pinna. CoiJRTATJLDiJE, Lowe. (Pig. 303.) — A graceful, multifid variety, raised in the Pernery at Highfield House. The chief peculiarities of this form are the curving downwards of all the pinnae, and the exceedingly vivid green colour of the pinnules. Length of frond fifteen inches, width four inches in the centre of the frond, becoming narrower towards the base and apex. Pinnae nearly equal in width, except a slight contraction near the branching apices, distant below, crowded and overlapping near the apex of the frond. Pinnules crowded, broad, blunt ended, and minutely bidentate. The pinnae curve gracefully downwards, and the pinnules curve upwards, making the upper side of the pinnae concave. The rachis red, dilated at the apex, where it becomes multifid, the crown being narrow, compact, and much laciniated. ATHYKIUM FILIX-F(EMINA. Fig. .804. — Portion of Frond. E.AMULOSUM, Moore. (Fig. 304.) — A form of Athyrium in which the fronds are furcate, but rarely ramose, all the apical parts forking or cresting. Found by Mr. C. Monkman, of Malton, at Oldstead, Yorkshire, and a similar form near Windermere. Fig. .30.5.— Pinna. iNciso-moiTATUM, Lowc. (Fig. 305.) — A graceful multifid Fern raised from spores in the Fernery at liighfield House. Length of frond eighteen to twenty inches, breadth in the centre of the frond seven inches. Finnac alternate throughout the frond, narrowing to the base, distant below, and crowded near the apex. The apex of the frond somewhat ovate in form. Pinna; cq\ial in width, (except as regards the pair of VOL. II. E 26 ATHYRIUM FILIX-F(EMINA. basal pinnules, which are larger than the rest,) and narroAving gradually towards the digitate tasseled apices. Pinnules stalked, and the lobes incised almost to the costa, and minutely dentate at the apices of the lobes, the basal anterior lobe the longest. The pinnee multifid at their apices in every portion of the frond. Fig. 306. Alatum-Fraseri, Lowe. (Fig. 306.) — Found in Corrifern Glen, in Peeblesshire, in July, 1860, by Mr. P. Neill Fraser, of Canon Mills Lodge, Edinburgh. Length nine inches, width not quite three inches in the widest part. A compact frond, Avith close leafy pinnules, somewhat imbricated, and having characters midway between alatum and minimum. I am indebted to Mr. Fraser for a frond. Fig. 307. Apuaeforme, Moore. (Fig. 307.) — Found at Ayburn Wyke, near Scarborough, by Mr. J. Horsfall, and made known to the public by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. This elegant dAvarf variety somewhat resembles Multijidum, differing in the apuoeform or fish-like outline of its fronds. Length from eight to ten inches, Avidth in the widest part, (that is in the middle of the frond,) two to four inches. My thanks are due to Mr. Edwards, of Nuttal, for a plant, from AA'hich the illustration has been taken. ATHYRTUM RILTX-FCEMINA. 27 Fig. 308. — Frond reduced. Applebyanum, Moore. (Fig. 308.) — A very handsome variety. This remarkable Fern is in the possession of Messrs. Ivery, of Dorking and Ecigate. Length of frond seventeen inches, width for the twelve inches nearest the base less than one 28 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. inch. Five inches from the apex the frond becomes branched, and again branched, and many of the piiinte hi- or trifurcate. Pinnae on basal half of frond distant, and for the first nine inches resemble those of FrizelUce, then they more nearly resemble Fielclice, being abruptly branched and lying along the rachis wrapping over each other and hiding the rachis as if tiled over, except at the base of the branching apex of the frond ascend instead of descend, the pinnae being very irregular in size and form. Pinnules much cut and divided to the costa. I am indebted to Messrs. Ivery for the illustration. Fig. 309. Arranense, Loioe. (Fig. 309.) — A distinct broad-fronded variety. Fronds two feet long, and nine to ten inches broad. Pinnae opposite below, and alternate above, gracefully curving, approximate, equal in width, except the acuminate apex. Pinnules large and blunt pointed, briefly stalked, and deeply cut and auriculate. Sori abundant. Fronds yellowish green in colour. Found in the Isle of Arran, in September, 1863, by Mr. P. Neill Fraser, of Edinburgh, from whom I have received fronds. Abruptum, AToore, — Found at Port Erin, in the Isle of Man. A singular monstrosity with variable fronds. Pinnae crowded, partially depauperated, pinnules oblong, unequally cut; at the apices of many of the pinnae there are one or two large pinnules, but the normal gradually tapering apex is wanting as the apex is dilated and abrupt. Sometimes a normal frond occurs. An illustration is unnecessary. ATHYRIUM FILIX-F05MINA. oq r T I, T X- F Oi M 1 N A . years ago Mrs. Riley, of Papplewick, Nottinghamshire, had a variety almost identical with the present form. For fronds I am indebted to Mr. Edwards, of Nnttall. Fig. 433.— Middle pinna. Fig. 434.— Lower^portion. Monense, Clapham. (Figs. 433 and 434.) — Gathered in the Isle of Man, in July, 1864, by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough. A singular form, with various fronds of about twenty inches in length, some broad, others narrow, the upper half consider- ably contracted, or only contracted at the apex. Pinnae usually much contracted near their apices, and then dilated at their extreme ends, occasionally widest at the apex. Pinnules simple, much cut, and the teeth very grotesque, some wanting, others minute. The illustrations are from Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough. Loxgridgexse, Lowe. — A large-growing upright form found at the side of Longridge Fell, near Chaigeley ]Manor, Lancashire, by myself, on the 12th. of August, 1865. Length of frond four feet, width nine inches. The peculiarity consists in all the segments of the pinnules curling over, and almost ATHYKIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. 105 hiding the sporc-cases, but differing from rhceticum in habit and in the form of the frond. An illustration is unnecessary. Fig. 435.— Pinna:. Vernoni^-ciust.vta, Clapham. (Fig. 435.) — In the possession of Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough, who received it accidentally from jNIessrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Length eight inches. A form of Vernonice Avith the apex of the frond and pinnae cristate. My thanks are due to Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough, for fronds. Fig. 43C. — Pinna. UxcuM-RAMosuM lAnoe. (^TJncum? Clapham.) (Fig. 436.) — A seedling raised by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden, and now in the possession of Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough. An inter- esting variety, Avith fronds from fourteen to seventeen inches in length. Fronds Avidest in the centre, narroAving to the base and apex. The apex branched. Pinnae opposite at the base and alternate above, approximate, descending at a considei'able angle below, and horizontal above the four basal pairs of pinnae about an inch in length, the centre pinmc four inches in length, their apices dilated, furcated, or branched. Pinnules distant, alternate, very leafy, and usually bidentatc. A .slender form. I am indebted to Mr. Clapham lor fronds. VOL. II. P 106 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FfEMlNA. Fig. 437. — Frond. Tenuifolium, Clapham. (Fig. 437.) — Found in 1865 in Mr. Barnes’ Nursery, Thirsk, and noAY in the possession of Mr. A. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarhorough. A very elegant and distinct Fern, at present about eight inches in length, and three inches in width in the widest part. Pinnsc irregular and almost wanting at the base, and wide in the centre of the frond, and the frond itself terminating somewhat abruptly. Pinnules linear or linear-oblong. The dentation very sharp-pointed. A thin slender form, likely to become even more distinct when of large size. My thanks are due to Mr. Clapham for fronds. OvATUM, Both. — Found at Virginia Water, Surrey, by Mr. Allchin; at Mayford by Mr. Thomas Moore; at Ruthin, in Denbighshire, by Mr. T. Pritchard; and at Tarbet, in Dum- ATIIYHIUM 1-'ILIX-FC1’,M1NA. 107 bartonsliire, by Mr. T. Moore. Fronds somewhat lax and broadly-lanceolate in form, being thirty inches in length. Pinna; somewhat distant, linear-oblong, and acuminate. Pinnules brief, ovate-oblong, distinct, broad at the base, with a narrow attachment; the tips narrowed, but blunt. Not conspicuously divided. Teeth short and blunt. Sori in two lines near the midrib. This variety is not so much divided, and has broader pinnules than incisum. Abasipiiyllum, Loioe. (Fig. 438.) — Length two feet. A slender interesting form, named abasipiiyllum on account of the absence of the leafy part of the superior (sometimes both) basal segments of the pinnules. Found in 1863, at Ilfracombe, by Mrs. Thompson, of South Lawn, Exeter. Pinnte and apex of the frond flexuose, pinna; approximate. Pinnules leafy, simple, but deeply cut, the segments broad and dentate. The basal superior (and sometimes the inferior) segment of nearly all the pinnules all but absent, there being no leafy portion; a brief stalk, terminating in a sorus, which, being at the extreme end, is also suprasoriferous. The sori situated close to the costa, and oval in form. My thanks arc due to Mrs. Thompson for fronds. 108 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. Fig. 439. — Portion of pinna. Gr.atum, Lowe. (Fig. 439.) — A distinct variety raised from, spores at Highfield House. Length of frond eighteen inches, width five inches and a half. Pinnae opposite, except three inches near the apex, where alternate; widest in. the centre of the frond. A slender form, with very distant pinnae, being from one to two inches apart on the basal half of the frond. Pinnules three inches long, linear -lanceolate. Pinnules leafy, hut distant. Fig. 440. — Pinna. Gratissimum, Lowe. (Fig. 440.) — A multifid form raised from spores of multijidum by Mr. Edwin Cooling, of the Mile-ash Nursery, Derby. Length of frond from fifteen to twenty inches. A slender graceful variety. Pinnae approximate, two inches in length, narrow, their apices terminating in a crested apex. The superior basal pinnule twice the size of the others. The apices of all the pinnules bent over, as well as all the teeth. The apex of the frond terminating in a small corymbose head. I am indebted to Mr. E. Cooling for fronds. ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMTNA. 109 Vartans, Moore. — Raised from spores in the Fernery of Mr. J. II. Sclater, of Newick Park, near Uckfield. A remarkable and interesting variety of the incisum type, partaking, in the deeply-pinnatifid pinnules and enlai’ged anterior basal lobes, of the character of laxum. Fronds twenty-four to thirty inches long, and nine inches broad. Very variable. Some quite tripinnate, with pinnae frequently two inches and a quarter wide at the base. Oblong-ovate, and suddenly tapering to a serrated acuminate apex. Pinnules distinct, some being one inch and a half long, ovate-oblong, and acuminate. In the attenuation of the points of the pinnules it is strikingly distinct. Pinnules profoundly pinnatifid, the basal ones pinnate. Sori everywhere copious. Truncatum, Clapliam, (Fig. 441.) — Found at Ilkley, in 1863, by Mr. A. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough. Two small plants were found growing in the crevice of a rock. Tiength four to six inches, width an inch and a Fig. 441.— Frond. 110 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. quarter at the apex of the frond, where widest, gradually becoming narrower to the base, where less than a quarter of an inch w’ide. Fronds truncate; pinna3 also truncate and opposite. PiniiEB and pinnules various in size and form, and occasionally wanting. An interesting Fern, the fronds of which have been forwarded by Mr. A. Clapham. ApioiDiiS, Clapham. (Fig. 442.) — A seedling raised from grandicep>s by IMr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough. For the first two or three years this Fern had small dense fronds, but now it has become ramose. A very pretty rounded frond. Length ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. Ill Avlth the stipes six inches, breadth four inches. Rachis and rachides much dilated. My thanks are due to Mr. Claphain for fronds. Fig 443. — Portion of pinna. Arcuosum, Clapham. (Fig. 443.) — Gathered near Ilkley, in July, 1863, by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough. A form of dissection, in which the fronds and pinnae are arcuated. This bended character gives the frond a singular appearance. Length two feet, width eight inches. Fig. 444. — Pinna. Raciiidioiues, Clapham. (Fig. 444.) — Gathered near Scar- borough, in October, 1864, by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough. A distinct narrow-frondcd form. Stipes and rachis covered with long scales. Length of frond twenty inches, of which the lower six inches is naked; width four inches at the "widest part of the frond, that is, above the centre. Pinnas alternate, small at the base, irregular in distribution, often a third of them absent, horizontal at the base, and ascending above, their apices acuminate and very sharp-pointed. I am indebted to Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough, for this variety. 112 ATHYIUUM FILIX-FCEMINA. Pr^morsum, Moore. — A curious dwarf barren form found in 1846 by Dr. Dickie on Ben-Mac-d’hui, at an altitude of three thousand seven hundred feet. Fronds eight inches long, with an irregular-lanceolate outline. Piniice and pinnules irregular in size and form. An uninteresting form, which may prove a variety of Polypodium alpestre when its fructification is ascertained. Fig. 445.— Apex. Craigii, Moore. (Fig. 445.) — Eaised from spores in 1864, .i by Mr. R. Craig, qf Levens Plall, Milnthorpe. A pretty dwarf ^ narrow variety, with a branching apex. Fronds eight inches a long, and one inch broad, except at the apex, where it is two I inches broad. Stipes and rachis red. PiniiEe various in shape, I. decurrent, very leafy, and crested at the apex. Pinnules f very various in size and shape, the basal portion small but f ATIIYKIUM FIMX-I'ffiMINA. 113 conspicuously dentate, many of the others dilated or crested. The apex of the frond branched and crested. The two basal pairs of pinna; descending, smaller, and not crested. The illustration is from INlessrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Fig. 446,— Middle pinnw. Foxtoxi, Stansfield. (Fig. 446.) — Raised from spores in 1861, by Mr. Foxton, of Thirsk. A dwarf laciniate form, with fronds ten to twelve inches in length. Pinnte distant, small, and broad, and very leafy at the base of the frond; widest in the centre, and less leafy. The pinnules mostly dilate at their apices. The apex of the frond acuminate. The illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Fig. 447.— Basal pinna. Brevipixnulum, (Fig. 447.) — Found in the Yale of Todmorden, in 1864, by INIr. J. Law. A distinct form, with long narrow pinnae. Length of frond fifteen inches, width five inches and a half near the base, becoming narrow to the apex, which is acuminate. Pinnae ascending, approximate, the largest three inches in length, and scarcely more than a quarter of an inch wide, acuminate at the apex. Pinnules very various in size and shape, all rounded at the apex, and VOL. II. Q 114 ATHYRIUM FILIX-F(KMIXA, minutely biclentate. The basal pair of pinnules usually much larger than the others. The upper half of the pinnaj not divided to the base. I am indebted to Messrs. Stansfield for fronds. Pritchaiidii, Stansfield. (Fig. 448.) — Found in 1861, near Ruthin, in North Wales, by Mr. T. Pritchard. In the Fieldice section, but having permanent differences of a marked character. The fronds of this form, unlike those of Fieldice, which are conspicuously truncate, form gracefully-curved lines. The fronds attain a length of forty inches, although scarcely more than an inch wide, and the habit of the plant is vigorous. The pinnaj are cross-shaped, sometimes ternate, and, as Messrs, Stansfield very aptly say, for at least three fourths of the length of the frond being knotted into small bows of from half an inch to three quarters of an inch in width. In the young state the fronds are not unlike Frizellice. The illus- tration is from Messrs. Stansfield. Fig. 448. — Middle portion. ATHYKIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. 115 Yalidum, Moore. — Found at Dolgelly, in Wales, by the Rev. J. M. Chanter. Dwarf and strong-growing. Pinnae crowded and acuminate; pinnules crowded. Lobes more or less incurved, and profoundly-pinnatifid. Rachis very broad and thick. Rachis and stipes reddish in colour. A form partaking of the characters of laxiim and rh loo Fig. 474.— Middle portion. Fissidente-excurrens, Wollaston. (Fig. 474.) — Brought before the public by Mr. I very, of Dorkiug. A slender form with fronds eight inches in length, and two inches in width. Pinnae distant, and widest in the centre of the frond. Pinnules various in form and size, some more or less norma], others much cleft and laciniated, some only the midrib present as a thorn-like appendage. The illustration is from ^lessrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Fig. 475.— Upper pinna. Fig. 47G. — Middle pinna. Caueatum, Loioe. (Figs. 475 and 476.) — A distinct slender form, found in Devonshire by the llev. Charles Padley, of Beaconfield, near Plymouth. Length of frond eighteen inches, width seven inches in the centre of the frond, where widest. Pinnee distant, the longest nearly four inches long, and scarcely half an inch broad, narrow and much attenuated, caudate at 134 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. the apex, terminating in a very long fine point. Pinnules divided to the rachides, the basal ones subpetiolate, distant, long, narrow, auriculate, and minutely dentate. Stipes, rachis, and rachides thin and wire-like. I am indebted to Mrs. Thompson, of South Lawn, Exeter, for fronds. Fig. 477. — Apex. Fig. 478. — Middle pinna. Formoso-cristatum, Padley, MS. (Figs. 477 and 478.) — A very elegant narrow-fronded variety, raised from spores by Mr. Elworthy, of Nettlecombe. Length of frond fourteen or fifteen inches, width three inches and a half. Pinnce ascending, distant, short, and terminating in a dense round tassel of three quarters of an inch across, and as much in depth. Pinnules distant, usually oblong, subpetiolate, with dilated subcristate apices, occasionally a pinnule will be much larger and branched, and more often erose or even wanting. The frond terminating in a very heavy much-branching crest of three inches across. My thanks are due to Mr. Elworthy for fronds. CoNCiNNUM, Moore. — Found near Scarborough by Mr. ATHYRIUM FII.IX-FCEMINA. 135 C'lapham. A handsome form. Fronds broadly-lanceolate, and undivided at the apex. Pinna; linear-oblong, ending in a small multifid tuft. Pinnules ovate-acute, distinct and pro- foundly-piiinatifid below. Lobes narrow-oblong. Teeth fine, even, and acute. llemarkable for the very regular toothing, and for its less decidedly multifid character than some other varieties. Fig. 479. — Middle portion. Latifoi.ium-multifidtjm, Stansjield. (Fig. 479.) — Found at Aberfeldy, in Perthshire, in 1863, by Mr. A. Stansfield, Jun., of \ ale Nursery, Todmorden, and Mr. J. Fielden. A slender plumose form of latifolium, with crowded pintiEE beautifully crested. Length of frond twelve inches, width four inches at the centre of the frond, where widest, and narrowing to the base and apex gradually and symmetrically. The three or four basal pairs of pinnae somewhat distant and descending, the others crowded and ascending, touching each other, their apices furcate and crested; pinnules crowded, also touching each other, and feathery. The illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield. Plxjmosum, Moore. — Fronds thirty inches long, and twelve inches broad. Very broadly-lanceolate, and distinctly tripinnate. Pinna; in the centre of the frond from five to six inches long, and two inches and a half broad. The longer pinnules an inch and a quarter long, nearly parallel-sided, and the apex shortish-acuminate. Somewhat distant below, and crowded above. Pinnules ovate-acuminate, overlapping, divided into distinct secondary pinnules which are half an inch long, linear, and inciso-pinnatifid; segments narrow, having linear-acute teeth. A T H Y R 1 U M F I U X - F M I N A . 13() The ultimate divisions, being so narrow and crowded, gives the frond a feather-like appearance, exceedingly light and elegant. Sori very imperfect, and almost destitute of indusia. Found in 1857 near Skipworth, in Yorkshire, by Mr. J. Horsfall, and now in the possession of Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Mr. Swynfen Jervis, of Darlaston Hall, Stafford- seire, has also found a form of this variety at Axminster, Avhich is perhaps more handsome than that found by Mr. Horsfall. The E-ev. C. Padley has also found another form in Devonshire. Fig. 480,— Pinna. SuB-PLUMOsuM, Padley , MS. (Fig. 480.) — Foundnear Nettle- combe by Mr. Charles Elworthy. Length of frond twenty-six inches, width eight inches and a half. Pinnaj ascending, except the basal pair, sub-opposite, except near the apex of the frond, approximate, touching each other, linear-lanceolate, and termi- nating in a long fine point. Length eight inches, width two inches. Pinnules at the base of the pinnaj three-quarters of an inch in length, curving upwards, widest at the base, and acuminate at their aj^ices. The lobes opposite, divided to the base, linear-oblong, with their apices hi- or tridentate. My thanks are due to Mr. Elworthy for fronds. A T H Y K n T M F I r , I X - 1’ ( F, M I N A . 137 Fig. 481 — Middle portion. Arctum, Loioe. (Fig. 481.) — A distinct, narrow, slender form, raised from spores by Messrs. Stansfield, in the Vale Nurseries, Todmorden. Length of frond ten inches, width one inch and a half. Fronds nearly equal in width. Pinnae brief, alternate, thin, mostly abrupt or dilate at their apices. Pinnules cut to the rachides, various in form and size. Very leafy and variously dentate, some minute, others conspicuous and laciniate. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield for fronds. Foliaceum, Lowe. (Figs. 482 and 483.) — A lax form found in Devonshire, by the liev. Charles Padley, of Beaconfield, near VOL. IT. T 138 ATIIYIUUM FILIX-FCEMINA, Plymouth. Fronds slender and bending, fifteen inches in length, and four inches in -width, slightly less at the base. Stipes and rachis thin and slender. Pinnae opposite, except near the apex, where alternate, linear-lanceolate, and distant. Pinnules very large, leafy, and divided to the rachides ; decurrent, simple, with broad shallow teeth; in the upper half of the frond long narrow laciniate teeth. My thanks are due to Mrs. Thompson, of South Lawn, Exeter, for fronds. Fig. 484. — Apex. ' Fig. 485. — Middle pinna. CoRYMBiFEKO-STRTCTUM, Lowe. (Figs. 484 and 485.) — Raised from spores in 1864, by Messrs. Stansfield, Vale Nurseries, Todmorden. A narrow-fronded dwarf form of corymhiferum. Length of frond ten inches, width two inches and a half. Pinnse broad, brief, and dilated at their apices into a compact, rounded, and very leafy head. Pinnules rounded and conspic- ATHYRIUM FILIX-rtEMINA. 139 uously dentate. The apex of the frond terminating in a large, compact, multifid head. The illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield. Fig. 486.— Apex. Fig. 487.— Basal pinna. Multifidum-nanum-angustatum, Stansfield. (Figs. 486 and 487.) — Length of frond six inches, fragile, with various formed and sized pinnae much laciniated, and very grotesque; the apex of the frond much branched and cristate. This variety was raised from spores by Messrs. Stansfield, of the Vale Nurseries, Todmorden. Odontomanes, Moore. — Found in the Vale of Todmorden by Mr. Stansfield. Another form of the mollc group, with broadly-lanceolate fronds; brief, broad, and acuminate pinnae; and somewhat distant, patent, dccurrent, and profoundly-pinnatifid pinnules. The lobes remarkable for their long conspicuous irregular teeth. The best forms are those found by Miss S. Leever at Conistone, and by Mr. Foxton at Thirsk, in York- shire. Less marked forms have been gathered at Tunbridge 140 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. Wells by Mrs. Delves; at Virginia Water by Dr. Allchin; at Dorking by Mr. W. Pamplin; at Challacombe and Marwood by the Rev. F. Mules; at Barnstaple by Mr. H. F. Dempster; at Trentham Park by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; at Titterstone, Glee Hill, Shropshire, and at Prescott, Lancashire, by Mr. R. Morris; at Todmorden by Mr. A. Stansfield; at Ruthin, in Denbighshire, by Mr. T. Pritchard; at LlandafF by Miss Le^vis; at Tarbet, Rothesay, and Glen-Croe, by Mr. T. Moore; at Chaigeley Manor, and near Ambleside, by myself; at Ardrishiag by Miss F. Griffith; at Cove by Mr. A. Tait; at Lisdoonvarna by Mr. R. Barrington; and at Dumphail, Inverness-shire by Miss F. Brown. FJg. 488.— Upper half. Stansfieldii, Lowe. (Fig. 488.) — A remarkable dwarf form in the Frizellice section. Length of frond five inches, width from one half to three quarters of an inch. Slender, linear. Pinnae brief, consisting merely of a rounded much-cut segment, which is petiolate, not unlike an oak tree in form. The apex of the frond terminating abruptly. I am indebted to Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden, for fronds. I \ '4' i i f 'I’m k*' I *' r X • . ** . • '>• ■- ' i-r- r^J j. .-it ■•'f I 'I . 1 'e •% A A- \ JiM ATUYRIUM FILIX-l'CEMINA. 141 Fig. 489. — Apex. Laciniato-laxum, Lowe. (Fig. 489.) — A singular form raised from spores in 1865, in the Vale Nurseries, Todmorden, by Messrs. Stansfield. Fronds six inches long and two broad. A lax slender form. Pinnae sub-opposite, distant, and membra- naceous. Various in form, and terminating laciniately. Pinnules very various in size and form, and laciniate. The illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Laciniatum, Moore. (Plate XXXIX — A.)~An interesting dwarf variety, originally found at Nettlecombe, by Mr. C. Elworthy. Subsequently a number of varieties differing some- what from laciniatum have been referred to this species by Mr. Thomas Moore; these were found near Thirsk, Yorkshire, by Mr. A. Clapham; Todmorden, by Mr. A. Stansfield; Prescott, by Mr. 11. Morris; Palcombe, Sussex, by Mr. G. Hankey; Edinburgh, by Mr. A. Tait; Scarborough, by Mr. A. Cla2)ham; and in the north of Ireland, by Mr. A. Stansfield. A difficult form to describe on account of the variable character of its 142 A T II V lU U M F 1 1 . 1 X - F (I^ M T N A , fronds. Generally lanceolate. The piniiEe very irregulare, some brief, others acuminate, others praemorse. Pinnules decurrent, various in size and form, irregularly and profoundly laciniated. Sori abundant and crowded about the base of the laciniated lobes. Sometimes the fronds are considerably depauperated, the pinnae being only of the size of ordinary pinnules, flabellate, lobate, truncate, and palmate intermingled. Sometimes the pinnules are nearly all depauperated. I am indebted to Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden, for fronds. Frizelli^-cristatum, Loice. (Fig. 490.) — An interesting dwarf Fern raised from spores in 1864 by Mr. Thomas Glover, of Smedley Hill, Manchester. Length of frond five inches and a half, width only three eighths of an inch, being equal in width throughout the frond, except at the apex, where it becomes branched and crested, the cristate apex being an inch and a half in width. The pinna) resemble those of ATI I Y lU U M !•' 1 LI X- I'(EM I N A . 143 Frizellicc, licncc its name. The fronds furnished to me were of the second growth, and small, it therefore probably attains twice the size as here quoted. My* thanks are due to Mr. Thomas Glover for fronds. Fig, -191. — Upper portion. (Incisum-truncatum.) Fig. 492. — Middle portion. (Fieldiae-imbrieatum.) Incisum-truncatum, Ivery. (Fig. 491.) — Length of frond eleven inches, narrow, only one inch wide, except near the apex, where irregular, and sometimes two inches wide. Pinnte irregular in size and form, incised and truncate, often much abbreviated, but deeply and narroAvly incised. A slender interesting Fern. My thanks are due to Mr. Ivery, of Dorking, for fronds. FiELUiiE-iMBRiCATUM, Ivcrij. (Fig. 492.) — This exceedingly interesting form differs from the variety Fieldicc in having imbricated fronds. Raised from spores by Mr. Ivery, of Dorking, to -whom I am indebted for fronds. 144 ATTIYRIUM Fir,IX-F(EMINA. Fig. 493.— Apex. PuLCHERRiMUMj Icefy. (Fig. 493.) — A pretty plumose form, twelve inches in length, with symmetrical fronds, having croAvded pinnae and pinnules; the pinnae broad at the base, and caudate and acuminate at the apex. Pinnules linear to linear-oblong, auriculate, finely but closely serrate, the lower lobes bidentate. The superior basal pinnule the largest. The illustration is from Mr. Ivery, of Dorking. There are yet a number of forms that I am not sufficiently acquainted Avith, some of Avhich are likely to prove very distinct, of these Ave shall say more at the conclusion of the work. Amongst those not yet described are the folloAving, most of Avhich I ha\'e not even seen: — Acutidens, Moore. Adnatum, Moore. Amplum, Moore. Biforme, Sfxmsfield. Brachycladon, Moore. Compositum, Shn. Curvatum, Moore. Deficiens, Moore. A T n Y lU U M F I L I X - FOiM I N A . 145 Diffisso-coronans, Sim. Diffisso-multifonne, Moore. Diffisso-polyclactylum, Sim. Diffissum-angustifrons, Moore. Diffissum-regulare, Moore. Discretum, Moore. Distans, Moore. Divai'icatum, Moore. Excellens, Moore. Flexum, Moore. Foliosum, Moore. Foveatum, Moore. Frondoso-polydactylum, Sim. Gracile-polydactylum, Moore. Gracilissimum, Moore. Grande, Moore. lucomptum, Moore. Incouditam, Moore. Informe, Moore. Infundibuliceps, Moore. Involvens, Moore. Laxura-attenuatum, Moore. Laxum-multifidum, Moore. Laxum-penicillatum, Moore. Lepidum, Shn. ^lolle, Moore. Multidens, 2Ioore. IMultifidum-fui'cans, Moore. Oblongum, Moore. Ordeanm, Moore. Pannoso-diffissuin, Moore. Patens, Moore. Pinnatum, Moore. Polydactylon-maj us, Moore. Productum, Moore. Pamoso-jjolydactylura, Moore. Eefr actum, Moore. Pepressum, Sim. Rhseticum-interruptum, iliboj’e. Phmticum-irregulare, Moore. Rhseticuin-niultifidum , Moore. Rhfeticum-nanum, Moore. Sagittatum, Moore. SinclairisB, Moore. Stenophyllum, Moore. Subcruciatum, Sim. Sublaciniatum, Moore. Thyssanotum-minus, Sim. Thyssanotum-multiceps, Sim. Tyrellim, Moore. VOU It. L' 14G ATll Y U I U M F 1 1. 1 X-FOi M 1 N A . ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF THE VARIETIES OF ATHYRIUM FILIX-F(EMIXA. I'AGK. 1 PAGE, Abasiphyllum, Loiue . . 107 Abortivum, Loive . . 33 Abruptum, Moore . . 28 Acrocladou, CUijiham . 74 Acuminatissimum, Moore . 129 Acuminatum, Moore . 12 Alatum, Moore ... 8 Alatum-Fraseri, Lowe . 2(i Apiculatum, Li/all . . 128 Apioides, CLaphcmn . . 110 Applebyaiium, Moore . . 27 Apuccforme, Moore . . 26 Arctum, Loive . . . 137 Arcuosum, Clapham . Ill Arranense, Loive . . 28 Balfourii, Lowe . . 31 Bai’uesii, Lowe ... 29 Bifidum, Lowe . . 30 Brevipiniiulum, Stansfielcl . 113 Bulleriae, Jiboj-e . . 33 Capitatum, Moore . . 120 Caudatum, Lowe . . 133 Caudiculatum, Moore . . 123 Colpodes, Moore . . 102 Ooucinnum, Moore . . 134 Confluens, Moore . . 11 Conflueus-miuor, Moore . 96 Coiuoides, Ajtplehy . 7 Coutortum, Stansfielcl . 33 Couvexum-raultifidmn, Lowe 123 Coroiians, Siia . . . 130 Coronatum, Moore . . 35 Cornigcrum, Stansfielcl . 118 Corymbifero-depauperatum, Wollaston . . 118 Corymbifero-sti’ictum, Loive 138 Corymbiferum, Moore . 37 Corymbiferum-Lowci, Lowe 37 Courtauldia3, Lowe . . 24 Craigii, Moore . . 112 Crispatum, Moore . . 32 Crispum, Moore . . 34 Crispum-coroiiatum, Lowe . 36 Cristata-polydactyla, Stansfield 15 Cristatum, Monkman . . 14 Oristulatum, Wollaston . 119 Curtum, Wollaston . . 32 Dareoides, Moore . . 38 Decompositum, Moore . 38 Decuri’ene, Moore . . 102 Defectum, WoUas'on . . 40 Delicatissimum, Stansfield 116 Denticulatum, Wollaston . 41 Depauperatum, Wollaston 42 Diadematum, Lowe . . 125 Diffisso-multifidum, Lowe 44 Diffissum, Moore . . 39 DifSssum-gracile, Moore 36 Digitate, Lowe ... 40 Dilaceratum, Moore . 124 Dissectum, Wollaston . . 44 Dissimile, Grossfielcl . 45 Divcrsifrous, Moore . . 35 Doodioides, Lowe . . 115 Edwardsii, Lowe . . 103 Elongatum, Wollaston . 45 Elwortbii, Moore . . 46 Elworthii-splendciis. Lowe 94 Eroso-cristatum, Moore . 131 Eroso-decurreiis, Moore . 48 Erosuui, Wollaston . . 47 Erosum-minus, Moore . 47 Excurrens, illoorc . . 41 Exile, Moore ... 47 Extrcmo-digitatum, Lowe , 49 Picldiaj, Moore . . 50 ATHYJUUM rir.lX-F(EMINA. 147 PAOK. FiekliiB-compositum, Iver]i . 120 Fieldia)-coni])ositum-multiliduTTi, Iveri/ . . . 121 FieldiiB-inibx’icatnm, Iveri/ 143 Fieldias-laiicifolium, Iverij . 122 Fioldixe-puinilum, Moore 51 Filum, Lowe . . . 129 Fissidens, 2Ioore . . 52 Fissideiite-cxcnrrens, Wollaston 133 Fissido-angustif'rons, Iverij 118 Flavo-tinctum, Wollaston 49 Flexuosimi, Moore . . 49 Foliaceum, Lowe . . 137 Formoso-cristatum, Paclley 134 Formosum, Lowe . . 54 Foxtoni, Stansfield . . 113 Fraserii, Lowe ... 52 FrizollioB, Bain , . 53 Frizellia3-cristatum, Lowe . 142 Frizellia3-naimm, Ivery . 54 Frondosum, Moore . . 55 Furcans, Moore . . 129 Furcans-Moidcmauii, Monliman 16 Furcatum, Moore . . 51 Furcillatum, Moore . . 56 Glomeratum, Moore . 56 Gi’acile, Moore . . . 124 Grandiceps, Moore . . 57 Grandidens, Moore . . 59 Grantice, Moore . . 57 Gratissimum, Lowe . . 108 Gratum, Loive . . 108 Harrisias, Lowe ... 60 Imbricatum, Glapham . 100 Impastum, Moore . . 61 Inciso-digitatuin, Lowe . 25 Inciso-multifidum, Loive . 60 Incisum, Hoffmann . . 58 Incisum-truncatum, Ivery . 143 Incompletum, Moore . 61 Inexpletum, Moore . . 29 Interruptum, Wollaston 62, 64 Irrcgulare, Moore . . 63 Iveryanum, Moore . . 63 Jamesii, Lowe ... 64 Kalon, Loive ... 65 Laceratum, Moore . . 66 Laciniato-laceratum, Clapham 102 Laciniato-laxurn, Loive . 141 Ladjiiato-polymorphuTn, Glapm. 101 Ladniatum, Moore . . 141 Ladniatiim-cmifliicns, Moore 68 Ladniatum-disscotiiin, Moore (>6 Ladniatum-elcgaus, Glapham 69 Ladniatnm-intcrniptum. Gla.pm. 69 Lrunniatum-lineatmn, Moore (>8 Ladniatuin-majus, Moore . 65 PAGE. Ladniatmn-miiins, Moore 65 Ladniatum-Padlcyi, Lowe . 70 Ladniatum-tnnicatum, Moore 70 Latifolio-ixnbricatum, Lwwe 67 Latifolimn, Bahinyton . 6 Latifolium-multifidum, StansfieldlS5 Latipes, Moore . . . 126 Latum, Lowe ... 72 Lavcyanum, Ivery . . 71 Laxum, Schumacher . 72 Longi’idgense, Loive . . 104 Macilentum, Moore . 73 Marimim, Moore . . 23 Mcserabryanthemoides, Glapham 73 Minimum, Moore . . 31 Monense, Glapham . . 104 Moiikmanii, Moore . . 10 Moorei, Loive ... 76 Mucronatum, Moore . . 75 Multiceps, Moore . . 75 Multicuspe, Bailies . . 77 Multifidum, Moore . . 17 Multifidum-Coolingii, Lowe 20 Multifidum-Edelsteuii, Loive 18 Multifidum-Fraseri, Lowe . 21 Multifidum-Mapplebeckii, Lowe 1 9 Multifidum-minus, Moore . 18 Multifidum-nanum, Moore 15, 18 Multifidum-nanum-angustatmn, Stansfield . . 139 Multifidum-ramosum, Moore 17 Multifidum-semidepauperatum, Sim ... 20 Multifidum-tenue, Ljowe . 19 Multifurcatum, Moore . 77 Nudatum, Moore . . 116 Obtusum, Moore . . 121 Odontomaues, Moore . 139 Orbiculatum, Lowe . . 127 Ovatum, Both . . . 106 Oxydens, Moore ... 5 Padleyi, Lowe ... 94 P.annosum, Moore . . 78 Pannosum-uanum, Moore 78 Par.sonsis8, Moore . . 79 Parviceps, Barnes . . 79 Phylloideum, Lowe . . 100 Plicatum, Padley . . 116 Plumoso-multifidum, Stansfield 126 Plnmosum, Moore . . 135 Plumosum-Baruesii, Wollaston 80 Pluiuosum-.Tervisii, Loive 80 PIumosum-Monkmaiiii, Stansfield 14 P]umo.sum-ShauHficldii, Lowe 81 Polydadou-crosum, Stansfield 122 PolydadoR. Moore . . 16 I’olyclados-disBCctum, Moore 9 148 ATHYRIUM FIHX-FCEMINA, PACK. Polyclados-irregulai’e, Moore Polyclados-miiius, Moore Polydactylou, Moore Prajmorsnm, Moore Pritchardii, Stcmsfield Pritcliardii-cnfitatum. Loire Pruiiiosinn, Moore . Pulcherrimum, Iverii Pnrpm’eum, Hort Pygniasum, Moore Pyrauiidale, Moore . Eachidioides, Glo'pham Eamo-cristatum, Sim Eamo-dcpanperatiim, Monhnan Eamo-diffissum, Munkman Kamo-thyssanotum, Monhnan Eamosum, Wollaston Eamuloso-Monkmanii, Lowe Eamulosum, Moore Eeflexum, Clapham Eemotum, Wollaston . Ehajticum, Linncmis Eiitsonii, Monhnan ScopiBforme, Loioe Semidepauperatiim, Olapham Singularc, Loire 12 16 82 112 114 117 81 144 83 83 102 111 85 84 8 22 86 84 25 99 131 128 13 132 9 96 Stansfieldii, Lowe Steiiodon, Moore Stipatum, Wollaston Subcruciforme, Wollaston Siibdepaupcratnm, Cloiees . Snbdigitaturn, Moore iSnboroRuni, Moore. Subpluinosiint, Vadley Teuue, Moore . . 'L’ennif'olinm, Clapham Thyssauotum, Moore . Tortile, Moore Tridentato-multifidnm, io/ce Trifidum, Moore Truncatum, Clapham . Uucum, Moore Uncum-ramosum, Loire Uiidulatum, Moore . Validum, Moore . Variabile, Moore Variabile-Jervisii, Jervis Variaus, Moore Vernoniaj, Jervis Veruonije-cristata, Clapham Victoriae, Moore Willisonii, Willison 140 87 126 88 11 87 103 136 88 106 89 91 90 89 109 91 105 92 115 92 93 109 93 105 98 95 ASlM,RXIL'i\r. 149 GKNUS VII. ASPLENIUM. LiNNiEus. An interesting group of Ferns which is somewhat well represented in Great Britain. Fronds herbaceous or membranaceous, and coriaceous. Simple lobed, pinnate, bipinnate, or decompound. The rachis or veins in some proliferous. Caudex brief, erect or decumbent. Sori indusiate, linear, short or elongate. The receptacles lateral, on the anterior side of the veins. Indusium linear and membranaceous. Veins simple, or forked from a central costa. Aspleniiim differs from Atlixjrmm in having the sori straight, and from Scolopendrium in having single fructification, that is, not in pairs standing face to face. The spore-cases grow along the side of the vein, and the indusium is also attached laterally. The British Aspleniums are divided into two groups, namely, Euasplenium and Acropteris. In Euasplenium are lanceolatum, fontanum, adiantum-nigrum, marinum, trichomanes, and viride. In Acropteris are ruta-muraria, Germanicum, and septen- trionale. In Euasplenium we have the sori oblong or linear, with the veins simple or forked, and diverging from a central costa; and in Acropteris we have linear elongate sori, with flabellatcly- lorked veins without a costa. >*' ,' ■» '*^w*w 3?^;rft . -rVJCV^ ./Tw , •»■• IV '■ ■»■■ ' ..' ■ -.r • '/<»v V.v,--,- ,. ■' .V ... ...' ..'■' ;/U “■■*» liv > ^ ■^, .-r— . .. - ,_. a: . !,’ ’ if '- 4 ‘^ s^C Ip^'I. ■ r.Afl v^l Itit't'.'.rji ' 'Mifj i'^tH- (0>iXi^r^^ ''''■- iadi ,«f Wl .tv ‘-.If ; ■. V^l^’. « 154/ L«/ »Iv:7 - *( ^ UW) •ah»''’ vii;«vgit til WvUV lU- Jtr .»v/o i» il-. : ’ M CEO I a: um. 'iMIfifiPr*': Fig. 494.— Apex. ASPLENIUM LANCEOLATUM. Hudson. The Lanceolate Spleemvort. PLATE XL. Asplcniuin lanceohtUan, Jiillolii, cunealurn, Hudson. Smith. Deakin. lloOKEU AND AuNOTT. BaBINGTON. Bentiiam. Newman. Moore. Sower BY. Swartz. Willdenoiv. PoIUET. Sl’RENOEL. PUESL. Link. ]{ui>recht. Fee. Mettenius. Nyman. E. J. Lovye. Schultz. Schultz. A S P I , R N 1 U M r , A X C E ( ) r > A T U M . 1 c;o 1 f7rv Aitplenium Perreymonclii, Balbis. rotwndalwm,. Kaulfuss. Pbesl. PofypocUiim adi antifolium, TaracJda lanceolata, PoiRET. Peesl. Aspleniiim — Spleenwort. Lanceolatum — Lanceolate. This species is found more or less in the neighbourhood of the sea. A native of Cornwall, abundant about the Land’s End aird Penzance, and found at St. Ives and Enys Penryn. In Devon- shire on Morwell Rocks, on the banks of the Tamar and Plym, Bickley Vale, Marwood, Shaugh, Lynmouth, Buckland Monachorum, Tavistock, Salcombe, and Torquay. In Somer- setshire at Selworthy, etc. In Sussex and Kent, at Tunbridge Wells. In Gloucestershire, at Frenchay, Beechly, and near Stapleton. In Wales, in Pembrokeshire, Glamorganshire, Merionethshire, Carnarvonshire, and Denbighshire. In Ireland, only found at Kinsale, Cork, where it was discovered by Mr. J. Woods. Also found in Guernsey, Jersey, Scilly, and Ramsay Islands. Abroad it is a native of Madeira, Azores, Algiers, Tangier, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Belgium, Switzerland, and France. A handsome Fern, easily grown in a well-drained compost of peat loam and sand. It requires a sheltered situation, and a mild climate, and detests excessive moisture. The fronds vary from four inches to eighteen inches in length, are rigid, and of a brilliant green colour. Lanceolate and pinnate. Pinnae ovate-lanceolate, broadest at the base, and narrowing to the apex, scarcely stalked, the lower more distant. Pinnules obovate, obliquely-ovate, somewhat cuneate at the base. In the large fronds the pinnules are pinnatifid below, with mucronately-toothed lobes. Stipes brief, about one third of the length of the frond, dark chesnut-coloured below, the dark colour extending along the back of the rachis. Stipes and rachis sparingly scaly. Caudex brief, thick, tufted, and densely scaly. ASPLENI UM L ANCEO L ATUiM. 153 Sori scattered over the Avholc under side of the frond. Indu- siate, oblong, and produced along the anterior sides of the venules, subniarginal, and eventually confluent. Indusium ■white. Veins of the pinnules consisting of a flexuose midvein, alternately branched. This species is more nearly allied to Asplenium adiantum- nigrum than any other British Fern, yet differs in the form of the frond, by its hair-scales on its rachides, in its oblong sori, and by the spores being produced above the fork of the veins, whilst in adiantmn-nigrum it is below the foi’king. It has also a thinner frond, and the j)innules more equal in size. I am indebted to Mr. Clift, of Balsall Moor, Birmingham, for a very fine plant, a collector to whom I shall have again to refer, and who has found some excellent forms of British Ferns. There are very few varieties of this species. Fig. 495.— Apex. Kalon, JjOVjO. (Fig. 495.) — Found in Devonshire in 1804. The frond nearly equal in Avidth, only slightly diminishing in the basal pair of pinnre and near the apex; the frond termi- nating in a square Avide apex. The basal pinna; descending, the others horizontal, and the apical pair ascending. Fiiuuc croAvded, and on their basal half overlapping, elongate-triangular, VOL. II. X 154 ASrLENTUM LANCEOLATUM. their apex blunt, triangular-rotund. Pinnules pctiolate, except at the apex of the pinnae, distant, large; their base cuneate, entire; their margins minutely fringed with diminutive teeth; occasionally the pinnules are wanting. Length from four to five inches; colour a rich green. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield for fronds. Obtusum, Clajiiliam. fPig. 496.) — A distinct form raised from spores by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough. The fronds, which are from eight to ten inches in length, terminate obtusely. The pinnae are broader at the base. The basal pinnules are much larger, more divided, and more distant. IMy thanks are due to Mr. Clapham for fronds. Microdon, Moore. {Aspleniiim microdon, Moore, and A. marinum var. microdon, Moore.) (Plate XXXIX. — B.) — This handsome and very distinct form was found in Guernsey, in 1855, by Miss Wilkinson, and subsequently by Miss Mansell, of the Quesne, and Mr. C. Jackson. Also near Penzance by Mr. G. Wager. The fronds are irregularly linear, with a tapering point, pinnate, and from six to twelve inches in length. Pinna) distinct; approximate in the lower half of the frond, briefly stalked, pyramidal, the lowest triangular, oblique, deflexed, and tapering to a blunt point; the upper pinna) shorter, crowded, adnate Avith the slightly-margined rachis; lobed and undulated at the margin; the basal lobes rounded, and divided nearly to the costa, and overlapping, the divisions ASPhENIUM LANCEOLATUM. 155 sliallower upwards. Distinctly toothed, the teeth being small and transparent. This form is remarkable for its denticulated margin and small sori. I am indebted to Mr. Ivery, of Dorking, for plants, and to the Rev. C. Radley, of Beaconfield, near Plymouth; IMr. Cooling, of Derby; and Mr. Edwards, of Nuttall, for fronds. Caudatum, Lowe. (Fig. 497.) — A dwarf singular variety, much less divided, bipinnate; pinna) distant, the lower ones divided to the costa, the upper ones simply auriculate. The frond terminating in a caudate apc.v. Densely soriferous to the top of the frond. Raised from spores. Length of frond four to five inches. Claphamii, Moore. — An accidental seedling in the fernery of Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough. Nearly allied to microdon, but having yet narrower almost parallel-sided fronds, with an irregular or sinuated margin, and a brief narrowed apex. Length of frond five inches, and three fourths of an inch wide; linear -acute in form. Pinnee nearly equal in size, sessile, Avith a narrow attachment at the base, becoming more 156 A S P L E N 1 U M L A N C E O E A T U M . adnate upwavds, and confluent in the upper half. Much imbricated. The lower pinnaj bluntly triangular, above obliquely and transversely oblong, in the upper half crenately lobed. BiFiDUM, Loioe. (Fig. 498.) — A dwarf form found in Devonshire, differing in having the fronds bifid near the apex. Length of frond four inches. KiTSONiiE, Lo'we. (Fig. 499.) — A large-growing lax form, found in Devonshire by ]\Iiss Kitson. Length of frond fourteen inches, of which the basal two inches and a half is the rachis; the distance between the basal and next pair of pinnm two inches and a half, then half an inch ajjart and alternate, the two basal pairs being sub-opposite. The frond widest in the centre, and nearly equal in size, very gradually tapering towards the apex. Pinnso everywhere lax, decurrent above, their apices blunt. Pinnules lax and dentate, the superior Fig. 498.— Apex. Fig. 499. — Middle pinna. A SF LEN I UM L AN CEOE ATU M. 157 basal ones larger and more divided, the others euneate at their base, and flattened and dentate at their upi)er margin; ascending. The two basal pinnte ascending, the pinnules of which are only half the size of those of the other pinnae. j\ly thanks arc due to Miss Kitson for fronds. Incisl’M. (Fig. 500.) — Found in Jersey. A robust form, twelve inches in length. Pinnae alternate, distant below, approximate above. Pinnules deejjly incised, with conspicuous sharp-pointed teeth, occasionally depauperated or even wanting. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield for fronds. Fig. 501.— Froiul. Excisum, Love. (Fig. 501.) — A dwarf form, found at Shaw- bridge, in South Devon, by Mr. G. W. Edwards, of Nuttall. The apex of the frond is as if bitten off, and the pinnules on the upper half of the frond arc variable in form and much contracted. I am indebted to Mr. EdAvards for a frond. 158 ASPLENIUM LANCEOLATUM. Laciniatum, Wollasto7i. — A sub-permanent form found in the Channel Islands. Depauperated. The leafy portion more or less wanting, the pinnae and pinnules frequently mere ribs, and the copious fructification protruding on the upper surface of the frond. Crispatum, Moo7'e. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. C. Jackson. Distinctly bipinnate. The margins of the lobes of the pinnules are curled under so as to have a crispy character, the thickened teeth by this means becoming conspicuous. ASPLENIOM SEPTENTKIONALE. A. ii ERM A N I C ; XLl I- I ! i I I 1 Fig. 502. — Portion of mature Frond, under side. ASPLENIUM GERMANICUM. Weis. The Alternate-leaved Spleenwort. PLATE XLT. — A. Asplenium Germanicum, <( (( (( (< (t li “ alternifolium, it it “ Breynii, it it ti it “ murale, var. Amesium Germanicum, Phyllilis heterophi/lla, Scolopendrium alternifolium, Tarachia Germanica, Weis. Gray. Newman. Bentham. Deakin. Babin gton. Moore. Lamarck. Willdenow. Peesl. Sprengel. Link. Sturm. WuLFEN. Smith. Sowerbt. Hooker and Arnott. Betzius. Swartz. Schkdhr. Fee. Nyman. Koch. Fries. SvENSK. Ledebodr. Mettenids. Bernhardi. Newman. Mcench. Both. PUESL. Asplenium — Spleenwort. Germanicum — Of Germany. A DWARF and very rare British Fern, growing on rocks at an altitude of from three hundred to a thousand feet above the sea-level, and requiring, under cultivation, a porous soil ■with stone. The roots require to be moderately moist, and the plant itself moderately dry. A bell-glass with holes at the top will prevent water from injuring the fronds, and still keep the plant sufhciently moist. 160 A S P L E M I U Ar G E R M A N 1 CIJ M . It has been found in Cumberland, on Ilelvellyn and in Bor- rowdale; in Northumberland, on Kyloc Bocks; in Somersetshire, near Culborne. In Wales, in Denbighshire, near Llanrwst and Capel Curig; in Carnarvonshire, on Llanberris. In Scotland, near Kelso, in Boxburghshire, and near Hassendeen; Fifeshire, near Dunfermline; Perthshire, near Dunkeld and Perth, Mr. P. Neill Fraser gathered it within two miles of Edinburgh in 1857, and Mr. D. Hutchison says it is plentiful on almost inaccessible rocks near Airlie Castle, Forfarshire, It is found as far north as the Gulf of Finland. In Norway, Sweden, Belgium, Switzerland, France, Hungary, Germany, Croatia, Spain, Italy, Dalmatia, Bukowina, and on the Tyrol and Carpathian Mountains. It is usually found growing with Asplenium septentrionale. The fronds are linear-oblong, pinnate, or sub-bipinnate. Pinnae alternate, ascending, remote, and of a narrow wedge- shaped form. The lower ones three-cleft, entire below, and toothed at the apex. Length of frond from two to six inches, and pale green in colour. Stipes slender and terminal, and as long as the frond. Stipes and rachis smooth. Caudex brief, tufted, and scaly. Veins flabellately forked. Fructification occupying all the back of the pinnae. Sori linear-elongate and central. Indusium entire. This species is not subject to much variation in form, only one variety being known. Fig. 503.— Frond. Acutidentatum, Moore. (Fig. 503.)— An interesting form raised from spores by Mr. Sim, of Foot’s Cray. It differs in having the teeth of the lobes acute, instead of obtuse. I am indebted to Mr. Sim, of Foot’s Cray, for fronds. Fig. 504.— Portion of mature Frond, under .side. ASPLENIUM SEPTENTRIONALE. Hoffmann. The Forked Spleenwort. PLATE XLI. B. Axplenium septentrionale. “ furcatum, “ hifurcatwm, AcroHichum laciniatum, “ septentrionale, Amesium septentrionale, Blechnum septentrionale, VOL. II. Hull. Smith. Geat. Hookee and Aenott. Eabington. Deakin. Koch. Newman. Sowebby. Moobe. Hookee. Bentham. Peesl. SCHKUHE. WiLLDENOW. SPEENGEL. StUEM. PeIES. Ledebode. Mettenius. Nyman. E. J. Lowe. .Tacquemont. Opiz. Gilibeet. LinNjEUS. Bolton. Newman. Wallboth. y 162 ASPT.ENIUM SEPTENTRIONALE. Scolopendrium septentrionale, Acropteris septentrionalis, Belvisia septentrionalis, Pteris septentrionalis, Asplenium — Spleenwort. Eoth. Link. Fee. Miebel. Smith. Septentrionale — N orthern. Although not an uncommon European species, still the Asplenium septentrionale is a rare British Fern, of dwarf size and rupestral habit, growing in the fissures of rocks, and on loose stone walls. We have recorded as localities for this species in West- moreland, the neighbourhood of Ambleside; in Cumberland, Helvellyn, in the Vale of Newlands, Honiston Crags, Scawfell, Patterdale, Keswick, Wastwater, and Borrowdale; in Northumberland, at Kyloe Crags; in Yorkshire, Inglehorough; in Somersetshire, Culborne, near Oare Church, and Exmoor. In Scotland, Roxburghshire, Edinburghshire, Perthshire, and Aberdeenshire. In Wales, near Llanrwst, Pass of Llanherris, Bettwys-y-Coed, Capel Curig, Pont-y-Pair, and Llewellyn. It does not occur in Ireland. Abroad it is found in Scandinavia, Russia, Prance, Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, Hungary, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Northern India, and New Mexico. The fronds, which are evergreen, are from two to six inches in length, deep green, and coriaceous. Sometimes simple, sometimes forked, and either entire or with a few distant marginal teeth, or divided into several lobes. The fronds are tapering towards both extremities. Caudex brief, stout, often densely crowded with fronds. Stipes usually longer than the frond. Sori linear, elongate. Indusium entire. Like all other rock plants it delights best to grow hori- zontally amongst lumps of porous sandstone in sandy soil. It does not appear subject to varieties. Fig. 50-5. — Portion of mature Frond, under side. ASPLENIUM FONTANUM. Bernhardt. The Smooth Hock Spleenwort. PLATE XLII. — A. Asplenium fontanum, it it ti it it a it a “ Salieri, it it Athyrium Salieri, “ fontanum, t< it Aspidium fontanum, “ Salieri, Polypodium alpinum, “ fontanum. Beenhaedi. Smith. Deakin. Hookee and Aenott. Mooee. Bentham. Soweebt. Beown. Speengel. Sadlee. Link. Mettenids. E. J. Lowe. Speengel. Sadlee. De Candolle. Link. Koch. Ledeboue. Nyman. Both. Peesl. Fee. Mettenius. Both. Sadlee. Db Candolle. Peesl. Babington. Geay. Fee. Swaetz. Willdenow. Schkuhe. Smith. WiLLDENOW. PoiEET. Lamaeck. LiNNAtD.s. Smith. Bolton. Poieet. Asplenium — Spleenwort. Fontanum — Fountain. 164 ASPLENIUM FONTANL’M. A DWARF Fern, with bipinnate, narrow, or linear-lanceolate fronds, broadest upwards, rigid and glabrous. Fronds varying from three to twelve inches, usually four or five inches, and dark green in colour. A very rare British Fern, growing on rocks and walls. It has been found in Hampshire, near Petersfield, in 1852, by the Rev. W. H. Hawker; in Swanage Cave, Isle of Purbeck, also ill 1852, by Dr. Power; in Surrey, near Tooting, in 1845, by Mr. Gibbs. Mr. A. Shepherd records it as found at Matlock; Mr. R. M. Redhead in Wharncliffe Wood, Yorkshire; Mr. R. Brown near Alnwick Castle, Northumberland; Mr. Hudson (who first discovered it as British) at Wybourn, Westmoreland; Mr. D. Hutchison near Stonehaven, Kincar- dineshire; and Mr. Newnham at Cavehill, near Belfast. It is found in France, Belgium, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Hungary, Greece, Siberia, and Kashmir, Readily grown in a well-drained pot, and porous soil of turfy peat, with a slight portion of friable loam and abundance of gritty silver-sand. A greenhouse variety requiring care in not over-Avatering. Caudex brief, erect, tufted, and somewhat scaly. Stipes brief, slender, dark purplish brown, becoming green upwards. Rachis green, having a narrow elevated margin throughout, reaching nearly to the stipes. Pinnae oblong-ovate, spreading, the basal ones smaller, more distant, and palmately three-lobed. The upper ones crowded and oblong. Pinnules roundish-obovate, tapering to the base; the basal ones stalked, the upper ones decurrent, their margins spinosely- mucronately dentate. Sori brief, oblong, most copious upwards, but covering the Avhole under surface of the frond. Veins consisting of a flexuose costa Avith alternate simple veins. There is a form known as Halleri, but it is doubtful whether the variation is not owing to cultivation. There is also another form Avhich Mr. Moore refers to this species knoAvn as var. rcfractum, (Plate XLII. — B.,) whose history is obscure. ASPLENIUM FONTANUM. 1G5 Mr. jNIoore mentions at page 65, vol. ii., of his “Nature- printed British Ferns,” that “it in some respects approaches the North American Asplenium eheneum.” I have long con- sidered this Fern to be a variety of A. eheneum; and a letter recently received from Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough, a culti- vator of Ferns of great discernment, strengthens my opinion, as he also considers eheneum as the parent of this plant. It is therefore placed as a variety of this Fern with every confidence of having removed it to the right species. Fig. oOG.— Apex. Multi FiDUM, Stansfield. (Fig. 506.) — A very distinct variety, from five to six inches in length, more or less depauperate below. The pinna: and pinnules very various in size and form; some of the pinnse simple, and merely dentate on their edges. About two inches below the apex the main rachis dividing, and these divisions again subdividing, and forming a branching apex. I am indebted to Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough, for fronds. 1G6 ASPI,ENIUM KONTANUM. Fig. 507.— Middle of Frond. Laxum, Stansjield. (Fig. 507.) — A lax form with alternate pinnfE. Pinnae ascending, widest in the centre of the frond, contracting to the base and apex, but not so much as in laciniatum. Length of frond five inches. Copiously soriferous. Fig. 608.— Frond. Bepauperatum, Stansjield. (Fig- 508.) — A remarkable variety, introduced and named by the Messrs. A. Stansfield and Sons. Length of frond two inches. The apex of the ASPLENIUM FONTANUM. 167 frond sharp-pointed. An exceedingly depauperate form, the leafy portion being entirely absent, a brief cornuted footstalk alone being present, surrounded by spore-cases. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield for fronds. Laciniatum, Sta?isjield. (Fig. 509.) — A much cut variety introduced by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Length of frond six inches, width in centre one inch, contracting to the base, and attenuately to the apex. Copiously soriferous. The illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield. Fig. 509. — Middle portion of Frond. Fig. 610. — Apex. Halle Ri. (Fig. 510.) — An interesting variety, more nearly approaching the normal form than any of the before-mentioned 168 ASPLENIUM FONTANUM. varieties. Usual length of frond four inches; pinnae approximate, their apices, and also those of the pinnules, more or less rounded. The sori less copious, and mostly confined to the upper portion of the pinnae and upper half of the frond. Fig. 511.— Apex of mature Frond. Fig. 512.— Lower portion of younger Frond, ASPLENIUM EBENEUM. Aiton. PLATE XLII. B, VAR. REFRACTUM. Asplenium eheneum, (t << it ti it a “ tricliomanoides, “ polypoclioides, “ parvulum, " resiliens, Acrostichum platyneuron, Aiton. Link. Swartz. Eunze. Peesl. Willdenow. Plukenet. Fee. a. Gray. Papre and Eawson. Mettenids. Morisson. E. J. Lowe. Michaux, [not of Lumnitzer.) Swartz. ScnKunR. Martens and Galleotti. Kunze. LinNjEDS. Asplenium — Splecnworfc. Eheneum — Ebony-stalked. An easily-cultivated cool greenliouse Fern from North America, the Cape of Good Hope, Canada, the West Indies and South Africa, and Mexico. VOL. II. / 170 ASPLENIUM EBENEUM. Length of frond twelve to eighteen inehes, delicate green, with the rachis and stipes ebeneous. Fronds smooth, linear-lanceolate, and pinnate. Pinnse sessile, imbricated, and oblong, the superior ones auriculate, rounded at the apex, and bluntly crenate on the margins. The inferior ones cordate-hastate. Caudex stout and horizontal; stipites tufted. The normal form has not been found in Great Britain, and this species is only added on the supposition that Asplenium refractum is a variety of this Fern. Refractum, Moore. {As^ylenium fontanum, var. refractum, Moore and Hooker, A. fontanum, var. proliferum, Wollaston.) (Plate XLII. — B, and fig. 513.) — First known in 1851, from the gardens at Peper Harrow Park, Surrey, and afterwards introduced by Mr. Parker, of Hornsey. A person named Filden had found three plants in Scotland, but, being since dead, this interesting plant has obscurity cast over it. It has linear sub-bipinnate fronds, with brief, oblong, obtuse, refracted pinnae, pinnate at the base, and pinnatifid above. Pinnules (the basal anterior one alone distant, the remainder confluent) roundish, having a few coarse, angular, mucronate teeth. Sori brief, oblong-oblique, in a line on either side near the costa of the pinnae. Rachis chesnut-coloured, marginate above, (not winged,) and bulbil-bearing. Length seven or eight inches, width three quarters of an inch. The frond is longer and narrower in proportion than Asplenium fontanum; the outline is different, being equal and linear instead of incurving up- wards. The pinnae are much less divided, and are refracted in a remarkable degree. Little bulbils are formed at the junction of the pinnae with the rachis. Fig. .513. — Basal portion of young Frond. !t . A &• I’ J. T'; N 1 U M ADI A N T M - N I G H U V. XLIII I / Fig. 514.— Lower pinna of the variet}’ Acutum. ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM. Linn^us. The Black Maiden-hair Spleenwort. PLATE XLIII. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum, adiantum-lanceolatum, argutum, LiNNiEus, Bolton. Smith. Deakin. Bentham. Mackay. De.svaux. Hooker and Arnott. Babington. Moore. Newman. SoWERBY. BoRY. ScHKUHR. Swartz. Lamarck. Sadler. WiLLDENOW. PrESL. LiNK. Sprenqel. Kocii. Fee. Sturm. Ledebodr. Fries. MeTTENIDS. PoLLlNI. HeNFLEU. Pappe and Bawson. Nyman. Schleciitendal. E. J. Lowe. Hoffmann. Kaulfuss. Spbengel. Presl. Fee. ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM. Asplenium acutum, Bokt. Willdenow. Newman. ti Babington. Poieet. Si'uengel. (( Sadlee. Peesl. Pee. Link. (( a Mettekius. (( Capense, LiNNiEUS. ii mullicaule. SCHOLTZ. K incisum. Opiz. serpentini. Tausch. Jisswm, Weinm. novum. Sadlee. cuneifolium, Yiviani. n humile, Blume. (i Heuffelli, WiEBZB. (( Davallioides, Tausch. <( luridum. Salisboet. (C nigrum, Beenhaedi. Oreopieris, LiNNjEUS. (( productum. Lowe. patens. Gaudichaud. (( Virgilii, Boey. Gussone. it trich om a no ides. Lumnitzee, {not of Michacx.) a Silesiacum, Milde. a tahulare. SCHEADEE. Fhgllitis lancifolia, Mcench. Tarachia aeuta. Peesl. ii arguta. Peesl. H adiantum-nigrum. Peesl. Asplenium — Spleenwort. Adiantum-nigruin — The black Adiantmn. Asplenmm adiantum-nigrum is widely spread throughout England and Wales, Scotland, Ireland, the Western and Channel Isles, occurring on rocks, walls, and sandy banks, from the sea-level to an altitude of almost two thousand feet. It is also found throughout Europe, occurring in Scandinavia. Russia, Denmark, France, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Spain, Portugal, Dalmatia, Croatia, Hungary, Transylvania, Turkey, Greece, Austria, Corsica, Cyprus, the Balearic Isles, Sicily, Teneriffe, Madeira, Azores, Cape de Verd Islands, Algiers, Abyssinia, the Cape of Good Hope, Natal, and St. Helena. It is widely spread in Asia, occurring in Siberia, Russian Asia, Arabia, Armenia, Syria, AfFghanistan, Kashmir, Simla, Java, Sandwich Isles, Virginia, and Porto Rico. A beautiful species, and may be successfully grown in A Sl’LE N I U M A 1)1 A NTU M -N I G KU M . 173 'well-clrained sandy soil, amongst rock-work in the open fernery, or under pot-culture in a greenhouse. The caudex is brief, stout, tufted, and scaly. Stipes often longer than the leafy portion of the frond, dark purple, and smooth. Rachis channeled in front. Length of frond from three inches to two feet, and from an inch and a half to seven inches wide at the base; shining deep green above, paler beneath. Deltoid or ovate, and tapering to an acuminated apex; bipinnate, tripinnate, or even subquadripinnate. Pinme oblong-triangular, mostly elongate, and with an attenuated apex. The basal ones the largest and opposite, above alternate. Pinnules alternate; the basal ones situated on the anterior side of the rachis, and much larger than the others, broadly oblique-ovate, with an attenuated apex, pinnate or pinnatifid at the base, the segments ovate-obtuse. The ultimate divisions notched with distinct acute serratures. Veins furcate. Sori linear-elongate, indusiate on the anterior side of the veins near their base, crowded and soon confluent. Fronds evergreen. There are a few distinct varieties: — Acutum, Pollini. (Fig, 514.) — Found by Dr. Mackay, Dr. Allchin, and Mr. G. H. Allcock at the Turk W aterfall, Kil- larney; at the foot of Cromaglaun, and Glouin Caragh, Inveragh, by Mr. G. Maw; Cahir Conree, near Tralee, by Mr. W. Andrews; Dublin Mountains, by Mr. D. Orr; Cork, by Miss Townsend; St, Asaph Cathedral, by Mr. C. Johnson; in Jersey, by M. Piquet; and Combe Royal, South Devon, by Miss Iloseason. In July, 1860, I found this plant in great abundance in Spain, especially near Santander, Las Caldas, and between Reinosa and Allar, In Mr. Sewell’s garden at Fuente del Mar, about a mile from Santander, a long bank under a hedge was completely clothed with this variety. A very distinct form, and perhaps even a distinct species. Texture firmer. Length of frond from six to eighteen inches, and two inches and a half to eight inches broad at the base. Stipes some- times nine inches long. Outline pentangular, and in the larger 174 ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM. fronds subquadripinnatc. The lowest pinnae, which are the largest, are opposite, and of a similar outline to the frond itself. The apices of the frond and pinnules caudate, with a few sharp, deep, and distant teeth. The lower lobes are three-toothed, those above bifid, whilst at the apex only simple toothed. Veins furcate, slender, but very distinct. Sori very narrow, linear, and situated near the centre of the pinnules. It differs from the normal species in being more subdivided, in its thinner and more papery texture, and in the presence throughout of linear-acute erect segments and teeth. For fronds I am indebted to Mr. G. FI. Allcock, and to Mr. Joseph Sidebotham. Fig. 515. — Middle pinnaj. Microdon, Moore. (Fig. 515.) — A distinct variety, found in Guernsey and near Barnstaple by the late Mr. C. Jackson, and in Devonshire by the Rev. J. M. Chanter. Fronds six to eight inches in length, broadest at the base, where nearly three inches across, pyramidal, with an irregular outline, owing to the unequal length of the pinnse. Pinnae distinctly pinnate at the base, but slightly adnate and decurrent above, and in the upper part are confluent into a broad irregular pinnatifid apex. The outline of the distinct pinnae hastate, owing to a rounded auricle, both on the anterior and posterior sides. In the basal pinnae the auricles become lobes divided half-way down to the costa, above the auricle they taper to an acute point. The margin is everywhere minutely and sharply denticulate. Sori numerous, placed near the costa, mostly scolopcndrioid. ASP r.EN I U M A 1) I A NTUM -N I O IIU M . 175 IIamosum, Lowe. (Fig. 516.) — A very interesting form, found by the Eev. C. Padley, of Beaconfield, Plymouth, near his residence. Fronds bright shining green, very smooth, and of the obtusum section; the main stipes branching an inch below the apex, and these again branching two or three times. Pinnules but little divided. Length six inches. My thanks are due to Mr. Padley for fronds. Fig 517.— Middle pirma?. OirrusATUM, Moore. (Fig. 517.) — Comparatively dwarf, being from two to eight inches; and ovate-acuminate in form. The smaller specimens bipinnate; pinme brief and bluntly triangular, pinnules roundish-obovate and very indistinctly toothed. The larger specimens tripinnate, their primary and secondary pin- nules corresponding with the pinna) and pinnules of the small specimens. Found at Sandgate, Kent, 'J’orquay, Wensleydale, Highfield House, near Nottingham, Nottingham Park; in 176 ASPLKNIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM. Scotland near Stirling and Ardrisliiag, Argyleshire; in Ireland, Antrim, Newtown Castle, Foynes, and the Isle of Achill; Guernsey. Fig, 518. — Middle of Frond. Serratum, Stansjield. (Fig. 518.) — A pretty, narrow, dwarf form, found by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Length five inches, Avidth one inch and a half. Pinnae small, pinnules very large and finely serrated. The width of the frond almost equal throughout. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield for fronds. Fig 519. — Middle of Frond. OxYPHYLLUM, Moove. (Fig. 519.) — Found in 1855 near Dunoon, in Argyleshire, by Mrs. East, of Blackheath, and subsequently near Stirling, by Mrs. Macleod. Moderate in size, pinnae brief, very oblique from the increased size of the basal anterior pinnule, the latter more distant and more distinct than the remainder, Avhich become confluent. Dentation acute, narroAV, and large. Not unlike acutum, yet the basal pinnae are sooner smaller than enlarged, as in that form. ASPLENIUM AJ)1ANTUM-NTGKUM. 177 Fig. 520.— Apex of Frond. Grandiceps, Loioe. (Fig. 520.) — This most remarkable and very rare Fern was discovered in Ireland by the Rev. R. Travers Smith, who found it in an old wall at Tramore, County of Waterford, and gave it to Mrs. B. Hone, of Vevay, Ballybrack, Dalkey, near Dublin. Mrs. B. Hone forwarded fronds and a plant of this singular variety. Length of frond eight inches, width from an inch to an inch and a half, except at the tasselled apex, where it becomes two inches and a half wide. A depauperated variety, occasionally pinnae opposite, but more frequently the opposite pinnae absent. Usually only three or four pinnae, the greater portion of the stipes being naked. Pinnae leafy, variously cut and differing much from each other in form; and much serrated on the margin. Two inches and a half below the apex of the frond the stipes dilates and becomes flat, and then branches and divides many times, forming a more or less circular tassel termination with a cuneate base. My thanks arc due to Mrs. B. Hone for a plant and fronds. VOL. II. 2 A 178 A8PLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM, Fig. 521.— Frond. Depauperatum, Moore. (Fig. 521.) — Found on Whitbarrow, Westmoreland, by Mr. F. Clowes, of Windermere. Dwarf — only two inches bigb, and tbe parts all diminutive and irregularly depauperated. Fig. 522 — Middle pimue. Edwardsii, Lowe. (Fig. 522.) — Found at Penny Cross, Devon, by Mr. W. Edwards, of Nuttall. Of tbe acutum ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM. 179 section. Rachis very long, being three fourths of that of the frond. Frond broad, pinnae approximate, the apex abrupt, forming a more or less square termination, instead of the ultimate pinna. I am indebted to Mr. Edwards for fronds. Fig. 523.— Frond. Fi.abellatum, Lowe. (Fig. 523.) — A distinct form with flabellate fronds. The apex of the frond branching. Pinnae broad in the barren frond, and very narrow in the fertile ones. I am obliged to Messrs. Stansfield for fronds. Leptorachis, Moore. — A small-fronded interesting form, remarkable for the length of its stipes, and the small size of the parts of its frond. Length of stipes seven inches, slender, the rachis also slender; the leafy portion three inches long, ovate, tripinnate, briefly acuminate. Pinnae alternate, the basal pinnules of the basal pinnae broadly and bluntly ovate, and divided into small, thin, obovate wedge-shaped pinnules, Avhich 180 ASPLENIUM AUIANTUM-NIGRUM. are somewhat pinnatifid in the upper half; the lobes tipped with two small acute teeth. Abundantly fertile. Found in Glen Urquhart, in the Highlands, by Miss Me Innes. Fig. 524.— Frond. Variegatum, Wollaston. (Fig. 524.) — Found in Yorkshire and in Guernsey by the late Mr. C. Jackson. Very rare and beautiful. Normal in outline, and being striped unsymmetrically with white. Oblongum, Moore. — Found in Guernsey by the late Mr. C. Jackson. Rendered distinct from the parallelism of the sides of its fronds, which are narrow and oblong. Length of the frond, without the stipes, five inches, breadth at the base ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM. 181 two indies. Pinnai brief, triangular, acuminate, ascending. The three or four basal pairs nearly equal in size. The subdivisions small. Fig. 525. — Frond. SuBCONFi.xjENS, Stmisfield. (Fig. 525.) — A dwarf subconfluent form, found by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Length three inches. Elongate triangular in form, the pinnae scarcely divided, and very minutely serrated. The illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Fig. 520.— Middle plnntc. Incisum, Clapham. (Fig. 526.) — Found by Mr. Thompson, about 1859, between Whitby and Scarborough, and presented 1813 ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM. to Mr. A. Clapham. A dwarf ovate, or ovate-triangular, tri- pinnate variety. Pinnee brief, broad, the larger pinnules (and pinuce) of nearly a deltoid outline; cut into three secondary pinnules, the low lateral ones of which are obovate wedge- shaped, cut into numerous long acute teeth at the apex, the centre one largest. In some fronds the segments are linear. A plant and fronds have been kindly communicated by Mr. A. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough. Fig. 527.— Middle pinna. Fig. 528. — Lower pinna. Intermedium, Moore. (Figs. 527 and 528.) — Found at Barnstaple by the late Mr. C. Jackson, at Ilfracombe by Mr. J. Dadds, Ottery St. Mary by Mr. G. B. Wollaston, Nettlecombe by Sir W. C. Trevelyan, Sandgate by Mr. S. O. Gray, Moffat by Mr. J. Anderson, Dublin by Mr. R. Barrington, Ballywilliam, Limerick, by Mrs. Barrington, Antrim by Mr. D. Moore, and at Guernsey and Jersey by the late Mr. C. Jackson. Large and lax. It has more elongated and less compound fronds, and the ultimate divisions are broader than in acutum. Fronds and pinnae caudate. Pinnules elongated and acuminate, yet without the linear segments. Acutidentatum, Moore. — Found at Ilfracombe, Devonshire, by the Rev. J. M. Chanter, and near Nettlecombe, Somersetshire, by Mr. C. Elworthy. A large variety, having caudate divisions, and consj^icuous linear-acute teeth, having narrower pinnae and ASn.ENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM. 183 broader lobes of the pinnules than acutum. Pinnules ovate- lanceolate, profoundly pinnatifid, the lobes narrowly oblong- cuneate. Sori crowded in the centre of the pinnules. Fissum, Moore. — Found at Combe Royal, near Kingsbridge, South Devonshire, by Miss Hoseason. Very inconstant in form, yet retaining the same general characters. Large. Fronds broadly ovate, occasionally oblong or ramose, or irregular. Usually tripinnate at the base of the pinnules, becoming more and more confluent in the upper parts. Pinnules large, coarse, irregularly developed, having a narrowed cuneate character below, more or less lobed upwards, lobes unequally cut into lengthy linear teeth. Sori confluent, elongate, and sometimes more than half an inch long. Fronds often caudate. The pinnules irregularly cut, and abnormal in appearance. Decompositum, Moore, {Asplenium silesiacum of Milde.) — Found at Manaton, in Devonshire, by the Rev. J. M. Chanter. Quadripinnate. Resembling acutum, except that the ultimate parts, though narrow, are rounded ofi" and blunt, and the texture is more coriaceous. The absence of the linear seg- ments, and the blunt character of the few teeth, cause the form to be distinct. Obtusum, Moore. — A wide-spread variety, which is well represented by the figure 524 f variegatum,) and therefore needs no illustration. 184 ADDENDA TO PAGES 171 AND 172. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum, “ argutum, “ ohtusum, (f (i “ Jissum, “ Forsteri, “ incisum, “ muUicaule, “ novum, “ Serpentuii, “ humile, “ davaUioides, “ lucidum. productum, patens, “ tricliomanoides, “ acutum, U it TaracMa ohtusa. Kunze. Ledeboue. Bbackeneidge. {Not of Michaux.) Gaudichaud. Kitaibkl. Sadlee. Poieet. Desvaux. Peesl. Fee. {Not of Mettenius.) WiMM. {Not o/Kitaibel, Poieet, Sadlee, Speengel, Desvadx, or Fee.) Sadlee. {Not of Kunze.) Opez. {Not of Thunbeeg, Swaetz, WiLLDENow, Poieet, Speengel, Desvaux, or Kunze ) ScHOLTZ. {Not of Peesl or Wallich.) Sadlee. {Not of Kunze.) Tausch. Fee. {Not of Speengel.) {Not of Hookee.) {Not of Foestee, Swaetz, Schkuhe, WiLLDENow, Poieet, Speengel, Desvaux, Peesl, Kunze, Fee, Hookee, Mettenius, Schlechtendal, or E. J. Lowe.) {Not of Peesl.) {Not of Kaulfuss, Hookee & Aenott, Speengel, Kunze, Beackeneidge, or Mettenius.) {Not of Michaux or Kunze.) Hewaed. Beackeneidge. Kaulfuss. Kunze. Smith. Peesl. A native also of Norway, Sweden, Albania, Mussoorie, Syria, Erzeroum, Guriel, Caucasus, Macedonia, Naples, Silesia, Bohemia, Saxony, the Canary Isles, and Mascaren Islands. Twenty varieties have been described, namely: — Acutidentatum, Moore page 182 Acutmn, Follini 173 Decompositum, Moore 183 Depauperatum, Moore 178 Edwardsii, Lowe 178 Fissum, Moore . 183 Flabellatum, Moore 179 Grandiceps, Lowe 177 Incisum, Clapham 181 Intermedium, Moore . 182 Leptorachis, Moore Microdon, Moore Oblongum, Moore Obtusatum, Moore Obtusum, Moore OxyphyUum, Moore Bamosum, Lowe Serratum, Stansfield Subconfluens, Moore Variegatum, Wollaston page 179 174 180 175 183 176 175 176 181 180 There are still five varieties that I have been unable to get a sight of, namely;— Moorej crispatum, Moore; elongatum, Clapham; furcatum and laciniatum, Moore. . 4t Fig. 529,— Portion of mature Frond, under side. ASPLENIUM MARINUM. LINN.3EUS. The Sea Spleenwort. PLATE XLIV. Asph cmum mat mum. “ Icetum, “ Tovar ense, “ trapezi forme, Adiantum trapeziforme. Linn.i:us. Bolton. Smith. Hooker and Aenott. Dbakin. Mack AT. Babin gton. Moore. Newman. Bentham. Sowerby. ScHKUHR. WiLLDENOW. PrESL. Sprengel. Link. Mettenius. Fee. Heufleb. Nyman. E. J. Lowe. Wollaston. Swartz. Destaux. .Kunze. Hoet. Hobt. Hudson. Hudson. (The var. trapeziforme^ Asplenium — Spleenwort. Marinum — Of the sea. Abund.ant along the south-west coast of England and in Wales, growing in clefts and caves of rocks, and mostly by the sea-side. Common in Cornwall and Devonshire; occurring in Somer- setshire, Dorsetshire, Isle of Portland, Isle of Wight, Sussex, VOL. II. 2 B 186 ASPLENIUM MARINUM. Gloucestershire, (rare,) Cheshire, (at the mouths of the Mersey and Dee,) Lancashire near Warrington, and Newton, (both inland stations.) Yorkshire, (north of Scarborough,) Durham, and Northumberland, Westmoreland, Holy Island, Isle of Man, South Wales — common along the coast, Anglesea, Merioneth- shire, and Carnarvonshire. In Scotland — Kircudbrightshire, AVigtonshire, Ayrshire, Berwickshire, Edinburghshire, Eifeshire, Forfarshire, Kincardineshire, Aberdeenshire, Argyleshire, Boss- shire, Sutherlandshire, Isles of Bute, Arran, Islay, Mull, Jura, Cantyre, Staffa, Iona, and Skye; on Ailsa Craig, Orkney, Little Barve, Harris, and Shiant Isles. In Ireland — Down, Galway, Dublin, Kerry, Cork, Isle of Bathlin, Arran Isles, abundant along the coast of Connaught and Munster, and in Guernsey and Jersey. Also found in Spain, Portugal, France, Corsica, Italy, the Ionian Isles, Barbary, Tangiers; Madeira, Azores and the Canary > Islands, St. Helena, New Holland, Bio Grande, New Brunswick, Bermuda, and North America. Caudex tufted and densely scaly. Stipes shorter than the frond, smooth, channeled in front, purplish brown, and terminal. Bachis margined, brown below, winged, and green above. Fronds usually six to twelve inches in length, including the stipites, occasionally less, and sometimes exceeding three feet; smooth, coriaceous, broadly linear, and tapering to the apex; pinnate. Pinnfe oblong-ovate, or oblong, or linear; oblique, the anterior basal angle being most produced, obtuse, frequently almost equal in width throughout, usually an inch in length, the anterior base truncately rounded into an auricle, the inferior base cut aAvay obliquely in a cuneate manner. The lowest pinnae stalked, the stalks being winged, the upper ones decurrent, and at length confluent, running together into a tapering pin- natifld apex. The mai'gins doubly and unequally crenato-serrate. Veins forked from a flexuose midvein. Fructification spread over the back of the frond. Sori linear, oblique, indusiate, and usually situated on the anterior side of the venules. An evergreen species, of a deep shining green colour. Beadily cultivated in a frame or cool greenhouse, and will grow well in a damp stove. It is soon killed by frost. ASPLENIUM MAUINUM. 187 This Fern grows with remarkable luxuriance along the west coast of Ireland, in the County of Clare, where Mr. F. J. Foot, A.M., C.E., of the Geological Survey of Ireland, procured a number of fronds, larger, I believe, than were ever before found in the British Isles. In Burron, County of Clare, abundant all along the north coast as far as Harbour Hill, near Bally- vaughan, growing in the chinks or open joints of the limestone, attaining a length of three feet, and mostly exceeding two feet, varying considerably in the size and shape of the pinno3 and sori, and closely resembling exotic ones, the Asplenium Icetum, for instance. Mr. Foot read a paper on the “Distribu- tion of Plants in Burron, County of Clare,” at the Boyal Irish Academy, in April, 1862, (see page 14o, of vol. xxiv of the Transactions of this Society.) Few BritisTi Ferns make more interesting specimens under pot-culture. There are some very distinct varieties: — Fig. 530.— Middle piiinie. SuBSEHRATUM, Stufisjield. (Fig. 530.) — Fronds fifteen inches in length. Rachis and stipes ebeneous. Pinnae lax, narrow, and long, that is, linear-oblong, simple and auriculatcd, not cut, merely crenate or bicrenatc, and minutely serrate at the tip of the crenaturcs. Sori conspicuous. Asst MI EE, Moore. — Found in the Channel Islands and at Galway. The fronds arc from twelve to fifteen inches long, and 188 ASPLENIUM MARINUM. the pinnse two inches. It resembles acutum, differing in having coarse, deeply-serrated, rounded, crenately-dentate lobes. Fig. 531. — Middle pinnre. Parallelum, Moore. (Fig. 531.) — Found in Guernsey by M. Boistel. A large variety, the fronds attaining three feet in length. Pinnse somewhat distant, from two inches to two inches and a half long, and less than three eighths of an inch wide, nearly parallel-sided, the base cuneate, the margin coarsely but not profoundly crenate-serrate. The apex bluntish. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden, for fronds. Fig. 532.— Pinna. Fig. 533. — Apex of Frond. SuB-BiPiNNATUM, Moovc. (Fig. 532.) — Found in a cave at Petit Bot Bay, Guernsey, by Mrs. Dobree, of the Forest, Guernsey; and also in Cornwall. A much-divided variety. Length of frond seven inches, breadth two inches and a half. Pinnae distinct, their base obliquely cuneate, and profoundly ASPLENIUM MARINUM. 189 pinnatlfid, and are more distant from the rachis than is usual with this species. The basal anterior lobes, (that is the largest,) are separated almost to the costa, these lobes being of a narrow oval form; the margin indistinctly serrated. The remaining lobes shorter, yet narrow and deeply divided, having open spaces between them. I believe it is never fertile. Incisum, Moore. (Fig. 533.) — Found at Great Orme’s Head by Mr. A. Stowe, and near Llangollen by the Rev. T. Rooper. A small pretty form, from six to nine inches in length. Pinnae only half an inch long, very obliquely semi-ovate, truncate, and the anterior base auricled, and having usually three deep incisions along the anterior margin, blunt ended, the posterior side narrow, having a few profound lobes. Sori large and few, mostly situated at the anterior edge of the lobes. Fig. 634.— Base. Ricrenatum, Stansfield. (Fig. 534.) — A dwarf form from Messrs. Stansficld, of Todmorden. Length six inches. The two basal pairs of pinna; distant, the others approximate, touching each other. The margin is bicrenatc. To IMcssrs. Stansficld I am indebted for fronds. 190 ASPLENIUM MARINUM. PuLCHRUM, Moore. — Found on rocks on the bank of the River Dart, near Totness, by Mr. C. Scott. Not unlike ramosum in appearance, yet less marked in character. Dwarf, not exceeding eight inches in length. Pinnffe brief, oblong- obtuse, truncate, indistinctly auricled, doubly crenate on the margin, and in mature plants the primary crenatures are so deep as to become sublobate. Acutum, Moore. (Figs. 535 and 536.) — Fronds tvs^o feet long, lax, being distantly pinnate. Pinnte broadest at the base, and one inch and a half long. The anterior margin auricled, and the posterior side cuneate. The pinnae gradually narrowing to the apex, which is sharp-pointed. Crenate. Having more acute pinnae than in the normal form. In the basal half of the frond the pinnae are shorter, and very variable in shape; in the upper half, except at the apex, longer and narrower. Pinnae simple. Stipes ebeneous. Found in Jersey and in Guernsey by the late Mr. C. Jackson; Plymouth Hoe by Mr. J. Barker; Dartmouth Castle and Croyde, in Devonshire, by the Rev. J. R. Chanter. The illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield’s fronds. Fig. 535.— Middle portion. Fig. 53fi. — Apex. ASPLENIUM MAlllNUM. 191 CuNEATUM, Moore. — Found in Hnlme stone quarry, Winwick, near AYarrington, Lancashire, by Mr. T. G. Rylands. Distinct, from its brief, blunt, oblique, trapeziform pinnee, and from its small, even, deep, rounded crenatures along the margin of the pinnse. It is not unlike ramosuin in general outline, yet strikingly distinct in its dentation. Variabile, MonJcman. (Fig. 537.) — This is a singular vari- tion of the trapeziform type, and like it grows erect, and is of dwarf habit. Very dark shining green. Found amongst a batch of seedlings (from the Scarborough district) given to Mr. C. Monkman, of Malton, by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough; a precisely similar form was also found by Airs. Charles Alonkman in the summer of 1865, growing high up among the rocks 192 ASrr.ENIUM MARINUM. above the caves at Kynance Cove, near the Lizard, on the Devon coast, as well among the granite boulders as in the fissures of the multi-coloured Serpentine. About one third ramose, the pinnfE being irregularly shortened, or reduced, and frequently wanting. No two fronds alike. A variable ramose form, in which the pinnae differ much in size and shape, and in which the frond sometimes branches and re-branches several times. Length of frond eight inches, width, across the ramose apex, (when most ramose,) about four inches. The illustration is an exaggerated form sent by Mr. Monkman. Laxum, Lowe. (Figs. 538 and 539.) — Found in the Burron, County Clare, by Mr. F. J. Foot, of the Geological Survey of Ireland. Length of frond from two to three feet, pinnae very lax, especially on the lower part of the frond. Stipes and rachis very ebeneous. Not unlike Asplenium Icetum in general appearance. The basal pinnae an inch apart and smallest at the base, gradually becoming larger to about five inches below the apex, and then slightly narrowing. Scarcely auricled, only shewing traces of this appendage, triangular-elongate near the base, and linear-oblong from the centre of the frond upwards. Simple, with a shallow serrated margin. My thanks are due to Mr. Foot for fronds. V. J tf, / ■ $ t asplenium maeinum, Var. Interruptum. XLV A. MAEINUM, Var. Rarnosiam. i 1 \ 1 i ASPLRNIUM MAUINUM. 193 Intertiuptum, Moore. (Plate XLV. — A.) — I received this form from Messrs. Stansfield, of the Vale Nursery, Todmorden. It differs in its interrupted character, the pinnaj being very various in size and shape. Some elongate-triangular, others elongate-ovate, one pinna being four times the size of the next pinna, and so on. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield for a frond. Ramosum, Wollaston. (Plate XLV. — B.) — Found in 1850, in Dorsetshire, by Mr. G. B. "Wollaston, and very distinct. A dwarf Fern, with broad short pinna?, the basal ones triangular, and as broad as they are long, towards the apex narrower, and slightly elongated, or elongate-triangular. Pinnae cuneate at their base, with an irregular undulate or broadly crenate margin; the ultimate pinna branching either in the rachis or stipes, and becoming twin-fronded. Sori abundant and con- spicuous. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield for fronds. Trapezieorme, Clapham. (Figs. 540 and 541.) — Found at Scarborough by Mr. A. Clapham, (the locality, Cloughton Bay, I believe is now destroyed by the falling of the cliffs;) Salcombe, near Kingsbridge, Devonshire, by Mr. T. G. Carter; Torquay, Mr. C. Smith; St. Just, Cornwall, Mr. G. Maw; and in County Down, Mr. Macreight. A dwarfish variety of robust habit. Fronds leathery in texture, and VOL TI. 2 C Fig. 540. — B.osc. Fig. 541.— Apex. 194 ASPLENIUM MARINITM. deep green in colour. Pinnas brief, rounded but hardly auricled, at the truncate anterior base the lower ones deflexed, trapeziforme, the rest often imbricated. Usually crenately toothed. I am indebted to Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough, for plants. Fig. 542. — Apex, Fig. 543.— Frond. Caudatum, Clapham. (Fig. 542.) — Raised from spores bv Mr. A. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough. A dwarf form. Fronds six or eight inches in length. Pinnae narrow, giving the frond a somewhat lax appearance. Auriculated, except near the apex, though usually inconspicuously so, irreg- ularly toothed. The frond terminating in a long caudate or tail-like apex. I am indebted to Mr. Clapham for fronds. Imbricatum, Loxoe. (Fig. 543.) — A dwarf form. Length six inches. Raised from spores by Mr. Clift, of Balsall Heath, Birmingham, and now in my possession. The pinnae arc ASPLENIUM MARINUM. 195 oblong-ovate, with a small basal auricle; with this exception they are uncut on the margin, merely being minutely serrate. The pinnsc are placed so close to each other that they overlap fully one half of their width, and are consequently very much imbricated; the basal pinnEe are descending, and the remainder slightly ascending; they also arch forwards, so as to > place the stipes in a hollow between the roAV of pinnae on either side. The frond is equal in width to near the apex, where it rapidly contracts to a blunt decurrent ultimate pinna. Rachis and stipes hirsute. A very distinct form. Fig. 644.— Frond reduced. Ramo-trapeziforme, Clapham. (Rig. 544.) — Found by Mr. A. Clapham at Burniston, near Scarborough. A beautiful dwarf multifid variety. The pinnae small and roundish-trapeziform, usually sharply dentate. Branching at the top of the stipites, or half-way up the rachides, or near 196 ASPLENIUM MAEINUM. the apex, and the branches dichotomously forked or twice dichotomous. Mr. Moore describes one frond in his “Nature Printed British Ferns,” which has the rachis divided about two thirds up ; below the ramification are eight small pinnae, the rachis then divides into five branches of an inch in length, forming a spreading apex two inches and a half broad, and one of these branches is furcate. Fig. 545. — Lower iiiiina. Fig. 546. — Middle portion. ThompsonIj®, Loioe. (Figs. 545 and 546.) — This very distinct Fern was found, I believe, in Devonshire, by the late Mr. C. Jackson, and is now in the possession of Mrs. Thompson, of South Lawn, Exeter, being one of a number of very fine varieties of British Ferns in the possession of Mrs. Thompson. The length is fourteen inches, being widest at the base, and very gradually narrowing to the apex. The pinnee are alternate, narrow and long, and very conspicuously auricled, especially so in the basal pinnfe; the superior margin is crenate-serrate and biden- tate, yet not deeply divided; the inferior margin, on the contrary, is very deeply cut into ‘narrow segments, some of the basal ones being even stipitate with the costa, and as these segments are more or less at right angles to the costa, the plant has a much laciniated appearance in a regular manner. Stipes and rachis ebeneous. I am indebted to Mrs. Thompson for fronds of this very beautiful variety. ASPLENIUM MAUINUM. 197 Fig. 547. — Frond reduced. Multifido-irregulare, Loxoe. (Fig. 547.) — Fronds of medium size. The pinnae very irregular in size and form, some divided in the basal portion to the base so as to become lobate, others merely conspicuously biserrate; the two basal pairs opposite, then about four pairs opposite, above which subopposite. Some of the pinna; are no larger than the lobes of other pinna:. The apex of the frond multifid. 198 ASPLENIUM MARINUM. Nineteen out of the twenty varieties have been described, the only one I have been unable to procure a sight of being caudiceps of Moore. ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF THE VARIETIES. Acutum, Moore . . page 190 Assimile, Moore . . 187 Bicrenatum, Stansfield . 189 Caudatum, Clapham . 194 Cuneatum, Moore . . 191 Imbricatum, Lowe . . 194 Interruptum, Moore . . 193 Incisum, Moore . . 189 Laxum, Lowe . . . 192 MultLfido-irregulare, T^oioe 197 Parallelum, Moore . page 188 Pulcbrum, Moore . . 190 Bamosum, Wollaston . 193 Eamo-trapeziforme, Clapham 195 Subserratum, Stansfield . 187 Sub-bipinnatum, Moore . 188 Thompsonise, Lowe . . 196 Trapeziforme, Clapham . 193 Variabile, Monkman . 191 XT-VI k I r'--‘ V . * ^ 4 • Fig. 648. — Portion of mature Frond of variety Incisum. ASPLENIUM TEICHOMANES. LiNNiEUS. The Maidenhair Spleenwort. PLATE XLVI. Asplenium trichomanes, Linnjeus. Bolton. Smith. Hooker and Aenott. Babington. Bentham. Newman. Maceay. Deakin. Moore. Sowerby. ScHKUIIR. WiLLDENOW. LiNK. Speengel. Sadler. Koch. Fries. Ledebode. Presl. Fee. A. Gray. Mettenids. IIedflee. Nyman. Pappe and TIawson. 200 ASPLRNIUM TRICHOMANRS. Aspleniim trichomanes, E. J. Lowe. Opiz. Wollaston. “ “ ScHKunH. Hudson. Svensk. “ “ Michaux. Soweeby. {Not o/Thunbehg or Solandek.) ti adiantum-nigrum. Lumnitz, {Not of SwAETz, Peesl, WiLLDENOW, MoOEB, BoLTON, E. J. Lowe, Etc.) <( dichroum. Kunze. Peesl. <( elachophyllu m. Muellee. <( melanocaulon. WiLLDENOW. SpEENGEL. PeESL. (( (< Link. Fee. Poieet. Kunze. (( (( LiEBMANN. {Not of POJPPIG.) (( microphyllum. Tinco. it Netumani, Bolle. saxatile. Salisbuey. Geay. << trichomanoides. WeBEE and MoHE. WlTHEEING. (( it Lightfoot. Destadx. {Not of Michaux or Kunze.) il Harovii, Godeich. Trichomanes crenata, Gilibeet. Phyllitis rotundifolia. Mcench. Asplen iiim — Spleenwort. Trichomanes — Maiden-hair. An exceedingly pretty rupestral species, found growing on ruins, rocks, and walls, at all elevations from the sea level up to two thousand feet, and most abundant in the west of England. A very common Fern, found in nearly every part of England, being most rare in the eastern counties. A native also of Wales, the Isle of Wight, in Scotland from north to south, Orkney, Ireland, and the Channel Isles. Abroad it is in Scandinavia, Russia, Siberia, France, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, Greece, Persia, Hungary, Sicily, Corsica, Dalmatia, Croatia, Transylvania, Crimea, the Islands of Madeira, Azores and Cape de Verd; Algeria, Kaffraria, Caucasus, the Ural Mountains, Altai, Baikal, Tauria, Broussa, Karabagh, the Himalaya Mountains, Kashmir, Kunawar, Kumaon, Affghanistan, Bhotan, Simla, Luddak, the Sandwich Islands, Canada, Nootka Sound, the United States, Mexico, New Mexico, Venezuela, Peru, Columbia, Tarapota, Jamaica, Cuba, Australia, Paramatta, and Tasmania. A S P f . E N 1 U M T I U C ] I O M A N R S . ;20i Mr. W. Andrews, of Dublin, has found examples in the Avest of Ireland; and Mr. E. Barrington others from Gahvay that are of great size, more than a foot long, having pinnae half an inch long and a quarter of an inch broad, and about thirty pairs of pinnae on each frond. This Fern is not the easiest of our British species to cultivate in pots. It succeeds best in a compost of porous loamy soil, lumps of sandstone, and lime from old Avails. An excess of moisture is fatal to it, nevertheless Avith proper drainage I have found plunging the pots in leaf-soil is the most successful treatment. When planted in sandy peat or leaf-mould, Mr. G. B. Wollaston has found the plants did not flourish. Planted on rock-work, Avhere it can take its natural position, and its roots can penetrate betAA^een the crevices, its beauty is shewn to perfection. The fronds are linear and pinnate; the pinnae usually roundish-oblong, obliquely wedge-shaped at the base, and crenated, yet variable in form. The stipes short, smooth, and brown, rounded behind and flat in front, terminal, and adherent to the rhizoma. Eachis dark brown also. Caudex short and tufted. The fronds vary from two to eighteen inches in length. Pinnae deep green, blunt at the apex, scarcely stalked. Veins forking from a midvein, and terminating within the margin. The fructification distributed over the frond. Sori linear, oblique, numerous, indusiate, eventually confluent. This Fern has some general resemblance to Asplemum viride. There are several varieties, a portion of Avhich are singularly distinct. Incisum, Moore. (Fig. 548.) — Found in Devonshire by the Eev. W. S. Hore; Kent Clough, near Burnley, Lancashire, by Mr. S. Gibson; in BurroAvdale, Cumberland, by Miss Wright. It is also said to have been found in Jersey, and in County Clare. In 18G0, Mr. Edmund Thomas Higgins, of No. 18, KingsdoAvn Parade, Bristol, found a plant near Pyle, in Gla- morganshire, Avhich in 1862 Avas noticed to bear fertile fronds, though sparingly. One of the most beautiful and rare of British Ferns. The fronds arc pinnate, and of the ordinary VOL. II. 2D 202 ASl’LENIUM TRTCHOMANES. outline. The piniiEE are somewhat triangular, with acute apices, profoundly pinnatifid, the segments narrow-oblong, or elliptic, mostly acute and irregularly and profoundly serrated, the larger ones often lobate. This variety has always been considered as barren, but recently I have received fertile fronds from Mr. Higgins’ plant, and this, I think, is the only instance of the plant being known to be fertile. Length of frond four to six inches. My thanks are due to Mr. Joseph Henderson, of Wentworth, for fronds gathered from an excellent specimen in Earl Fitz william’s magnificent collection of Ferns. Fig. 649.— Frond. Fig. 550.— Upper portion. Ramosum, Wollaston. (Fig. 549.) — Found in Devonshire, at Newte’s Hill, near Tiverton, and, somewhat abundantly, near ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES. 203 Ilfracombe, by Mrs. Chanter; in Ireland, on Quin Abbey, County Clare, by Dr. Ivinahan; near Windermere by Mr. F. Clowes; near Keswick by Miss Wright; and in Owsnip Gill, Swaledale, by l\Ir. Robert C. Brown, of Nottingham. A much- branched variety. The rachis is two or three times forked, and the apical lobes often enlarged and bifid or multifid. The pinnae are not unfrequently irregular or depauperate, and as often conspicuously crenate. The illustration is from Mr. Brown’s frond. Bifurcum, Wollaston. (Fig. 550.) — Found near Maidstone by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; on the wall of Hoddam Kirkyard, in Dumfriesshire, by Mr. W. G. Johnstone; and in Owsnip Gill, Swaledale, by Mr. Robert C. Brown, of Nottingham. Its peculiarity consists in having the apical lobe dilated, and two or three times forked. My thanks are due to Mr. Brown for a plant and fronds. Katastakton, Lowe. (Fig. 551.) — An imbricated variety raised from spores at Ilighfield House. Pinnae equal in size, except near the base and apex, ovate, with somewhat cuneate base, indistinctly crenate, and imbricated, usually more so than the illustration. Length of frond two to three inches. Racimosum, Lowe. (Fig. 552.) — I have three fronds of this Fern sent to me by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden, under the name of bifurcum, but it is obviously distinct from that variety. It is more dwarf. The pinnae are smaller, and the crested heads of the furcate apex arc very compact and leafy. Fig. 551.— Apex. Fig. 552. — Apex. 204 A S P L E N 1 U M T R 1 C 1 1 0 M A E S , Fig, 553.— Frond. Fig. 554.— Frond. AcROCL.-i^ON, Lowe. (Fig. 553.) — Found a year ago in Owsnip Gill, Swaledale,by Mr. Robert C. Brown, of Nottingham. A very distinct variety, with fronds about six inches in length. The pinnm very distant and small. The four basal pinnae ASPI.ENIUM TRICIIOMAKES. 205 have the opposite pinna) wanting, above which are about five pairs of lax pinnre, which are subopposite, ovate, with a cuneate base and a rounded dentate apex. An inch below the apex of the frond the rachis divides into three branches, and these again divide, and each terminates in a large ultimate pinna, forming a compact, but not crowded head, of more than an inch across. My thanks are due to Mr. Brown for this plant and fronds. CoRYMBiFERUM, Loxoc. (Fig. 554.) — Found at Owsnip Gill, in Swaledale, by Mr. Robert C. Brown, of Nottingham. Length of frond six inches. A normal and coarsely crenated form, except that an inch and a half below the apex the stem is frequently naked, above which the rachis branches, and in place of the ultimate pinna there are on each fork two or more connected (and therefore double) large dilated pinnee, or quite divided dilate pinnm, forming a corymbiferous head. My thanks are due to Mr. Brown for this plant and fronds. Fig. 555. — Base. Fig. 556. — Middle pinna). Serratum, Stansfield. (Fig. 555.) — Found in County Clare, in 1863, by Mr. A. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Length of frond five inches, width half an inch. Pinnae elongate-oblong, approximate, and serrated on the margin. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield for fronds. Serratijm-major, Lowe. (Fig. 556.) — A large form found in 1865, at Shaw Bridge, Devon, by Mr. AV. Edwards, of 20G ASPLENIUM TRTCHOMANES. Nuthall. Length of frond eleven inches, width one inch and a quarter; about twenty-two pairs of pinnee. Pinnae lax and unusually large, coarsely serrated, and occasionally dilated or bifid at the extreme tip of the frond. The illustration was forwarded by Mr. W. Edwards, of Nuthall. Fig. 557. — Middle portion. Fig. 558. — Middle portion. Fig. 559.— Apex. Incisum-laciniatum, Moore. (Fig. 557.) — Found in County Clare, Ireland, in 1863, by Mr. A. Stansfield, of Vale Nursery, Todraorden. Length of frond three inches. A distinct laciniate form of incisum. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield, for fronds. Lobatum, Moore. (Fig. 558.) — Found in Devonshire by the Rev. J. M. Chanter, and a dwarf form at Ottery St. Mary by Mr. G. B. Wollaston, of Chiselhurst. A large variety, bearing some resemblance to cre7iato-lohatum ; the peculiarity consisting in the pinnse (especially in the centre of the frond) having at their base two deeply-divided broad obovate lobes, the lowest one sometimes separated almost to the midrib. A large form of this Fern was found at Shaw Bridge, Devon, by Mr. Smith, gardener to the Rev. Charles Padley, of Beaconfield, Plymouth. The illustration is from this frond. SuB.®QUALE, Moore. (Fig. 559.) — Found originally on the banks of the Wye by Mr. J. D. Enys; and more recently at Knaresborough, Yorkshire, by Mr. A. Clapham; W'hitbarrow, in Westmoreland, by Mr. F. Clowes; at Nettlecombe, Somer- ASPI.KNIUM TRICTIOMANRS. 207 setsliire, by Mr. C. Ehvorthy; and at Tunbridge AVclls, in Kent, by Mrs. Delves. A handsome form. The fronds are sometimes iiarroAved and elongated, with the pinnae distinct; sometimes broad and shorter, with large crowded pinna3. Differing in a remarkable degree in having the pinnae equal- sided at the base, the costa and the attachment being central. The upper pinnae are oblong, the lower ones more frequently obtusely-deltoid, the margins being either slightly sinuated, forming a gently waving line, or deeply crenate-dentate, fre- quently elegantly crenated. I am indebted to Mr. Elworthy and to Messrs. Stansfield for fronds. Fig. 560.— Upper portion. Fig. 5G1.— Upper portion. CoNFi.UENS, il/oore. (Fig. 560.) — Found at Levens, Milnthorpe, in November, 1865, by Mr. George Stabler, of Levens. Length of frond three inches. A strikingly-dlstinct form, having crowded £08 ASPI.ENIUM TRICIIOMANRS. overlapping pinnoe, and a conspicuous confluent apex, hence its appropriate name. For the illustration my thanks are due to ]\Ir. Stabler. Cristatum, Wollaston. (Fig. 561.)— IMade known by Mrs. Delves, of Tunbridge Wells, having sprung up in a mass of Ilymcnoplnjllum unilaterale w^hich she received from the Glasgow Botanic Gardens. A pretty Fern, not uncommon in cultivation, of vigorous growth, and easily reproduced by spores. The apex of the frond spreads out into a handsome symmetrical tuft or tassel, and this ramification is confined to the apex of the rachis. Length about three or four inches. Fig. oG2.— .4pex. Fig 5G3. — Middle portion. Mxjltifidum, Moore. (Fig. 56£.) — Found at St. Mary’s Lsle, Kircudbright, by Mr. Dick, and distributed by Mr. J. Me Nab, from the Edinburgh Botanic Gardens; and lately near Capel Curig, in North Wales, by Mr. S. Clift, of Dalgam. A free-growing interesting form, readily reproduced by spores. The fronds are twice or three times ramosely forked in the rachis considerably below the apex, and the apices of all the branches are dilated and multifid-crisped, forming spreading tufts on the irregular branches. I am indebted to Mr. Clift, of Balsall Heath, near Birmingham, for the illustration. ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES. S09 CoRNUTO-RAMOSUH, Loxoe. (Fig. 563.) — A singular variety- found near tlie Clifton Suspension Bridge by Mr. Ed-wards, of Nuthall, in 1865. Length of frond six inches. Two inches above the base the rachis divides into two branches, and in the centre of this forking is a cornute projection. The rachis is flexuose, and the one branch is shorter and more slender than the other, with much smaller pinnse, and a larger decurrent ultimate pinna of half the size of the branch. The pinn?e are lax two or three below the forking, naked imme- diately above tbe forking, above which alternate to the apex. The pinnm vary in size and form, mostly very long and narrow, and auriculate and serrated. Some are cuneate, and a small portion depauperate. The ultimate pinna dilate and bifid. My thanks are due to Mr. Edwards, of Nuthall, for fronds. Fig. 5G4. — Frond. Fig. 5C5. — Frond. FIarovii, Moore. (Fig. 564.) — This variety was forwarded to me by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden, who had received it from Mr. G. B. Wollaston, and recently a plant nearly identical has come up from spores in my Fernery. A dwarf slender form, with numerous narrow small pinnar of an elongate- ovate form. Length of frond two to three inches. VOL. II. 2 E 210 ASPLENIUM TRICIIOMANES. Ramo-depauperatum, Clapham. (Fig. 565.) — Raised from spores by Mr. A. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough. Resembling depauperatum, except that the rachis divides either near the base or higher up into several branches, and' these branches sub-divide, forming an irregular tuft of branchlets varying in number from six to twelve, and most depauperate in these branchlets. The apices of the different portions have dilated obtuse lobes which are almost crispy. Fig. 56G.— Apex. Biceps, Lowe. (Fig. 566.) — A variety raised by Mr. Mapplebeck, late of Woodfield, Moseley, near Birmingham, and said to be quite constant. Length six to eight inches. Pinnie approximate, ovate, and minutely crenate. Branching an inch ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES. 211 below tlie apex, and again branching near the tip into two or three large decurrent ultimate pinnce. My thanks are due to Mr. Mapplebeck, for fronds. Interruptum, Clapham. (Fig. 567.) — A pretty variety. Distinct, from the interrupted character of its pinna3, which are variously formed, some crenate and others laciniate. Sometimes three fourths of the frond will be normal, in others scarcely a single pinnaj the pinnse either absent or depauperated, the few larger ones very narrow and deeply divided, the apex caudate. Length of frond eight inches. I am indebted to Mr. A. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough, for a plant. Fig. 568. — Middle portion. Fig. 569.— Middle portions. Fig. 570. — Middle portion. Crenato-lobatum, Moore. (Fig. 568.) — Found at Nettle- combe, in Somersetshire, by Mr. C. Elworthy; and at Mill Slade, near Linton, in Devonshire, by the late Mr. C. Jackson. Vigorous and somewhat normal, with fronds upwards of a foot in length. The pinnte, however, (which are large, oblong- obtuse,) are profoundly but finely crenate-lobate, giving a uniform-toothed margin to them. My thanks are due to Mr. C. Elworthy for fronds. Depauperatum, Wollaston. (Fig. 569.) — Found in 1853, in Ireland, at Black Flead, County Clare, by Dr. Allchin; and in 1855, at Rydal, in AVestmoreland, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston. It is rare, though intermediate forms have been discovered at Firby, in Yorkshire, by Mr. C. Monkman, of Malton, and at Whitbarrow, in Westmoreland, by Mr. F. Clowes, of Windermere. Remarkable for its interrupted or depauperate character. The 213 ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES. pinn00 are very narrow, serrate or laciniate, and near the apex of the frond depauperate, causing the spore-cases to be marginal or apparently to be situated on the upper surface. Sometimes part of the pinnae are absent, at others the apex of the frond is reduced to a mere winged rib. I am indebted to Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden, for fronds. Imbricatum, Clapham. (Fig. 570.) — Gathered at Knarbro, ill 1863, by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough. A dwarf variety. Length of frond about three inches, with large pinnae that overlap each other, oblong-ovate, with a square base, having the attachment in the centre, and being distinctly but minutely stalked, the edges of the pinnae prettily dentate. My thanks are due to Mr. Clapham for fronds. Incisum-triakgulare, Moore. (Fig. 571.) — Found in Ireland, in County Clare, in 1863, by Mr. Stansfield. Another form of incisum, having triangular pinnae. Length of frond four inches. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden, for examples. Incisum-Claphami, Lowe. (Fig. 572.)— Found at Smeerset, near Settle, Yorkshire, by Mr. J. Tatham and Mr. A. Clapham. This variety is included by Mr. Moore under mcisum. It is a much finer variety than incisum, and deserves a distinguishing Fig. 571. — Apex. Fig. 672. — Apex. ASPLENIUM TKICHOMANES. 213 mark. I have therefore thought none other would be more appropriate than Claphami, after the well-known collector and cultivator of so many fine English varieties. In this variety the pinna; sometimes measure three quarters of an inch in length, and three quarters of an inch across the base, the basal lobes right and left being cut down nearly to the costa, and themselves lobate, having the segments serrate and the upper lobes cut in proportion. The fronds barren. Length of frond six or seven inches, having upwards of thirty pairs of pinnfe. An exceedingly rare Fern difficult to cultivate. I am indebted to Mr. A. Clapham, of Earasdale Bank, Scarborough, for an excellent plant with about thirty fine fronds. Ramo-lobatxjm, Moore. (Fig. 573.) — A large-growing form with fronds seven or eight inches in length, recently found near Nettlecombe, by Mr. C. Elworthy. It is a branched form, with the lobes of the pinnee divided to the rachides, and the margin coarsely crenated. The illustration is from Mr. Eivporthy’s frond. Granuidens, Lowe. (Fig. 574.) — Found in South Devon, by Mr. W. Edwards, of Nuthall, Nottinghamshire. A dwarf form of scarcely three inches in length. Pinnre various in size and shape, the basal ones auriculate and the upper ones much laciniated, occasional pinnre are all but absent; copiously sori- fcrous. I am indebted to Mr. Edwards, for fronds. WiLi.isoNii, Willison. — Found near Whitby by Mr. Willison. So nearly allied to the form conjluens of Moore, as to be doubtfully distinct. I must confess that the only difference Fig. 5/3. — Middle portion. Fig. 574. — Middle portion. 214 ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES. that I detect are the more distant three pairs of basal pinnaj, the more equal sized and shaped pinnae, and the minutely- crenate margin. A pretty form, of some four inches in length. I am indebted to Mr. Willison, of Whitby, for fronds. Majus, Hort. — A large-growing form found in Devonshire, and in County Clare, and other places. It is of the normal form, with fronds from twelve to eighteen inches in length. I am indebted to the Rev. C. Padley, of Beaconfield, near Plymouth, for a number of Devon fronds, and to Mr. Foot, of the Geological Survey of Ireland, for others from County Clare. An illustration is unnecessary. CuNEATUM, Lowe. — Raised from spores at Highfield House. Length of frond three inches. The pinnae are elongate- triangular, broad and flat at the apex, and cuneate at the base. The margin serrated. The ultimate pinna three times the size of the others. There are yet seven varieties that I have been unable to get a sight of, namely: — Ahruptum, Moore; bifurcum-ramosum, Moore; crenoto-ramosum, Moore; dichotomum, Moore; inciso- lobatum, Sim; lobatum-ramosum, Moore; and varians, Moore. ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF THE VARIETIES. Acrocladon, Lowe . page 204 Biceps, Lowe . . . 210 Bifurcum, Wollaston . 203 Confluens, Moore . . 207 Coruuto-ramosum, Lowe 209 Corymbiferum, Lowe . 205 Crenato-lobatum, Moore . 211 Cristatum, Wollaston . 208 Cuneatum, Lowe . . 214 Depauperatum, Wollaston . 211 Grandidens, Lowe . . 213 Harovii, Moore . . . 209 Incisum, Moore . . 201 Incisum-Clapbami, Lowe . 212 Incisum-lacineatum, Moore 206 Incisum-triangulare, Moore page 212 Imbricatum, Clapham . 212 lutermptum, Clapham . 211 Katastakton, Lowe . . 203 Lobatum, Moore . . 206 Majus, Hort. . . . 214 Multifidum, Moore . . 208 Bamo-depauperatum, Clapham 210 llamo-lobatum, Moore . 213 llamosum, Wollaston . 202 Bacimosum, Xoiue . . 203 Serratum, Stansjield . . 205 Serratum-major, Lowe . 205 Subscquale, Moore . . 206 WiUisonii, Willison . 213 ' I 4r. A S P L E N 1 U .M I ;U P K. XLVil I I « Fig. 575.— Under side of variety Multifidum. ASPLENIUM VIKIDE. Hudson. The Green Spleenwort. PLATE XLVII. Asplenium viride, Hudson. Bolton. Smith. “ “ Hookeh and Arnott. Barington, “ “ Mackat. Kdnze. Deakin. “ “ Newman. Moore. Sowerbt. “ “ Bentham. E. J. Lowe. Schkdhr. ASPI.KNIUM VIIUDE. 21 G 4 Axplenium viride, U << <( (( (< (( (( (( “ intermedium, “ umbrosum, “ tricliomanes-ramosum, “ trichomanes-elegans. "WlLLDENOW. PoiRET. SPHENGEt. Presl. Link. Fee. Koch. Fries. Ledebour. Sturm. Mkttenius. Heufler. Nyman. Swartz. Desvaux. Godrich. Presl. ViLLARS. {Not of Kaulfuss, Presl, Speengel, Kunze, J. Smith, Schrader, or Mettenius.) Linn.®us. (iVb^ Wollaston.) SoLANDER. Asplcnium — Spleenwort. Viride — Green. A NEAK ally of Asplenium trichomanes , though not nearly so common as that species. It has been found at Danny, in Sussex; Southgate, in Middlesex; Maidstone, in Kent, Mickle- ham, in Surrey; Ham Bridge, Worcestershire; Dove Dale, Staffordshire; Buxton, Cavedale, and Castleton, in Derbyshire; Beacon Hill, in Leicestershire; Carr-edge, in Cheshire; Staley, Lancashire; in Yorkshire at Settle, Craven, Ingleborough, Gordale, Ais-la-Beck, Bichmoud, Widdal Fell, in Wensleydale, Ogden Clough, Reeth Moor, in Swaledale, and near Leeds; in Durham at Falcon Clints, in Teesdale, and in MYardale; in Northumberland on the banks of the Irthing; in West- moreland in Fatterdale, Kendal Fell, Hutton Roof, Faflton, Arnside, Casterton Fell, Mazebeck Scar, and Ambleside; in Cumberland at Ashness Gill, Borrow Force, Gillsland, Brandy Gill, Carrick Fell, in Borrowdale. In AFales it is in the counties of Brecknockshire, Glamorganshire, Carnarvonshire, and Merionethshire, In Scotland in Dumfriesshire, Lanark- shire, Stirlingshire, Perthshire, Forfarshire, Nairnshire, Aber- deenshire, Inverness-shire, Argyleshire, Sutherlandshire, and Ross-shire. In the Islands of Arran, Mull, and Shetland. In Ireland in Donegal, near Lough Eske; in Sligo, at Ben Bulgen; in Cork, at Bandon; and in Kerry, at Killarney. Abroad it is to he found in France, Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, Bohemia, Norway, Sweden, Lapland, Finland, Russia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Spain, Italy, Greece, Tauria, India, Siberia, Island of Sitka, Rocky Mountains of North-west America, Peru, and Columbia. ASPI.KNIUM VIRIDE. 217 Found in the moist rocky mountainous districts, growing in the crevices of rocks. Under cultivation it is desirable to have a large quantity of broken stone amongst the soil, and grown in a cool moist situation. Stipes variable, brown at the base and green upwards. Rachis slender and green, slightly grooved in front. Fronds varying from two to ten inches in length. Long, linear, pinnate, and pale green. Pinnre variable, mostly a roundish-ovate, with a broadly wedge-shaped base, or rhomboidal. Distant and opposite below, alternate and more approximate above. Veins forking from a midvein, and terminating suddenly within the border. Sori copious, linear-oblique, indusiate, and soon confluent. An evergreen species. There are a few varieties: — Multifidum, Wollaston. (Fig. 575.) — Found at Settle, in Yorkshire, by Mr. A. Clapham, of Rams dale Bank, Scarborough; at Whitbarrow, in Westmoreland, by Mr. R. Morris; and at Llanberris, in Carnarvonshire, by Dr. Allchin. It is also common in other places. I gathered a number of plants in 1863, in Teesdale, on the Falcon Clints. Somewhat lax, and bifid or multifid towards the apex. Dketoideum, Clapham. (Figs. 576 and 577.) — Introduced by Mr. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough. A deltoid form. The pinnae very large at the base, rapidly becoming smaller VOL. II. 2 F £18 ASPLBNIUM VIRTDE. to the apex of the frond, where minute. Pinnae deeply cut. Sori large and conspicuous. I arn indebted to Mr. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough, for a plant and fronds. Imbricatum, Clapham. (Fig. 578.) — A dwarf form of some two inches in length, with imbriate fronds, the apex branching and dilate, and these branches not divided into pinnae but decurrent. Found by Mr. A. Clapham at Settle. I am indebted to Mr. A. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough, for fronds. Incisum, Moore. (Fig. 579.) — Found in Carnarvonshire by Mr. J. Atkins; at Crosby Ravensworth, in Westmoreland, by the late Mr. R. Clarke; on Whitbarrow by Mr. R. Morris; and on Drummond Hill, Perthshire, by Mr. C. Me Intosh. Length of frond seven to nine inches. Fronds nearly equal in width from the base to the apex. Pinnae trapeziform, the margin profoundly cut into blunt teeth in place of the usual crenatures. Crenatum, Clapham. (Fig. 580.) — Gathered on Pennigent by Mr. A. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough. Fronds very variable, some lax and some with crowded pinnae, mostly ramose, and dilated at the apex. In some the pinnae are interrupted, in others depauperate, in some unilateral, in others lax at the base, often imbricate in the centre of the frond, and depauperate towards the apex. Unlike deltoideum, the pinnae ASPLENIUM VIUIUE. 219 are smallest at the base, and become larger till within a third of the apex. Pinno3 very various in form; all deeply cut. My thanks are due to Mr. Clapham for fronds. Stipatum, Stansjielcl. (Fig. 581.) — Found in 1863 in Scot- land, on the Breadalbane Mountains, by Mr. A. Stansfield, Jun., of Todmorden. A dwarf form, with small triangular pinnaj, which are widest at the base, and narrow towards the apex. Conspicuously stipate. Length of frond two inches. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield for fronds. Ramosum, Stansfield. (Fig. 582.) — A form found by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. An interesting variety, the rachis branching in the centre of the frond, and again at the apex. Finn® lax below, crowded above. I am indebted to Messrs. Stansfield for fronds. CuNEATUM, Wollaston. (Fig. 583.) — Found in Scotland in 1863, on the Breadalbane Mountains, by Mr. A. Stansfield, Fig. 583. — Frond. Fig. 584. — Frond. 220 ASPLENITJM VIKIDE. Jun., of Todmorden. A dwarf form. Length of frond three inches. Pinnae cuneate. My thanks arc due to Messrs. Stans- field for fronds. VarianSj Moore. (Fig. 584.) — A singular Fern, with very various fronds, some more or less normal, others interrupted in the pinnae. The pinnae absent in part, small, or unusually large in part, the apex occasionally forked, and the ultimate pinnae very large and dilate. Pinnae very various in size and form. Length of frond from two to five inches. I am indebted to Mr. Barnes, of Milnthorpe, for a plant of this Fern. Bipinnatum, Clowes. — Found in 1853 on Whitbarrow, in Westmoreland, by Mr. J. Hudhart, and is in the possession of Mr. F. Clowes, of Windermere. Pinnae deeply incised in the manner of Asplenium trichomanes incisum. Acutifolixjm, Gibson. — Found by the late Mr. S. Gibson. The pinnae are lanceolate and acute. Very rare. There is yet another variety, sphenopMjllum of Moore, which I have not been fortunate enough to get a sight of. ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF THE VARIETIES. Acutifolium, Gibson . page 220 Incisum, Moore . page 218 Bipinnatum, Clowes 220 Multifidum, Wollaston 217 Crenatum, Clapham . 218 Eamosum, Slansjield 219 Cuneatum, Wollaston 219 Stipatum, Stansjield 219 Deltoideum, Clapham 217 Varians, Moore . 220 Imbricatum, Clapham 218 A S P L E N I U ill K U T A ■ M U R A i: I A. XL VI 11 ‘ - !■ 1 • V Fig. 685. — Dwarf Plant. ASPLENIUM IIUTA-MUKARIA. Linn^ds, The Wall-Rue Spleenwort. PLATE XLVIII. Asplenium ruta-muraria, tnurale, it Linna:us. Bolton. Smith. Hooker and Arnott. Babington. Bentham. Deakin. New.man. Moore. Sowerbt. Willdenow. SCHKUHR. SpRENGEL, FeE. Presl. Link. Gray. Koch. Fries. Ledebour. Mettenius. Heufler. Nyman. E. J. Lowe. Kunze. Swartz. Oriz. Desvaux. Pappe and Kawson. Sadler. {Not of Wallich.) Bernhardi. Salisbury’. Gray. Stokes. ASPLENIUM UUTA-MURAHIA. 00O Asplenium Matfhioli, “ niuroriim, “ pygmceum, Amesium ruta-muraria , Tarachia ruta-muraria, Scolopendrium ruta-muraria, Phyllitis ruta-muraria, Acrostichum ruta-muraria, Adiantum pygmceum, Asplenixim leptophyllum, “ multicaule, “ Zoliense, Tarachia multicaulis, Aspleniu m — Spleenwort. Gaspakhini. Lamaeck. Linna:us. {Not Bojeh.) Newmak. Peesl. Roth. Mcench. Lamaeck. Poieet. LiNN.a:us. Schultz. {Not of Cavanilles, Zenkeb, or Fee.) Peesl. Heuflee. {Not of Wallich or Schultz.) Kitaibel. Peesl. Ruta — Rue. Muraria — Wall. A COMMON British Fern, yet less common on the eastern side of England. Delighting to grow on old walls, both brick and stone, and more especially on the northern side, and preferring to mount up the walls as high as possible: this I have seen in many instances. In the drier situations dwelling alone, and in the more moist having as its companions Asjilenium trichomanes , Ceterach ojjfcinarum, and Cystopteris fragilis. Also found on rocks, church towers, bridges, and ruins. Found in the Isle of Wight, and North and South Wales. The Island of Anglesea, Priestholme Island. In Sullan, Orkney, Ireland, Isles of Iona, Cantyre, Islay, Harris, Lewis, N. Oist, Arran, on Ailsa Craig, and in Jersey. Abroad it is a native of Russia, Norway, Scandinavia, Holland, Belgium, France, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Germany, Switzerland, Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia, Greece, Dalmatia, Bohemia, Sicily, Corsica, Turkey, the Crimea, North and South Africa, in Asia, and North America. A difficult Fern to cultivate, requiring much stone in the soil, and a dry atmosphere. The fronds, which are deltoid, are bitripinnate, varying from one to six inches in length. In the young state simple and reniform, or trifoliately pinnate, and in this state often fertile. The pinnee alternate. ASPLENIUM RUTA-MUUAKIA, 223 Pinnules obovate or rhomboldal, their base cuneate, and their apex minutely dentate. Veins repeatedly forked from the base. Stipes long, smooth, and purple at the base. Rachis smooth and green. Caudex brief, tufted, and scaly. Sori linear. An evergreen Fern. There are a few varieties: — Fig. 58G. — Upper portion. Fig. 587. — Upper portion. Ramo-depauperatum, Clapham. (Fig. 586.) — Found at Settle, by Mr. A. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough. A branched and depauperate form. Stipes exceedingly long. Finnic very various in size and form. My thanks are due to Mr. Clapham for fronds. Attexuatum, Loive. (Fig. 587.) — An unusually large-growing form, found in March, 1863, at Athlone, by Mr. F. J. Foot, of the Geological Survey of Ireland, and named attenuatum by the suggestion of the discoverer. Fronds from five to six inches 224 ASPLENIUM RUTA-MURARIA. in length, the stipes being four inches. Eamose, and the pinnaj large, laciniate on the apex. A striking form. The illustration is from Mr. Foot’s fronds. PiNNATUM, Moore. — Found at Mucruss, Killarney, by Dr. Allchin. Only once pinnate; pinnae stalked, rhomboidal, and crenate-dentate in the upper half. Trifoliattjm, Lowe. (Fig. 588.) — Found at Bittadon, near Barnstaple, Devonshire, by the Bev. F. Mules. A dwi^arf variety, with small, nearly round pinnules, three on each, branch, all briefly stalked. I am indebted to the Bev. F. Mules for fronds. Bamosum, Moore. (Fig. 589.) — Found at Arnside by Mr. J. Crossfleld, and at Settle by Mr. A. Clapham. Branching in the stipites, and in the rachides below the pinnules. The pinnules are angular, and occasionally partially depauperated. The illustration is from Mr. Clapham’s fronds. CuNEATUM, Moore. (Fig. 590.) — Found at Stenton Bock, near Dunkeld, Perthshire; and more recently by the Bev. T. Ellacombe, of Bitton Bectory, near Bristol, in his immediate neighbourhood. Mostly merely pinnate, with long, narrow, cuneate-based pinnules, and having numerous long narrow teeth. In large plants the basal pinnee divide into three pinnules. My thanks are due to Mr. Ellacombe for plants, and to Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden, for fronds. Fig. 588. — Frond. Fig. 589.— Frond. Fig. 590.— Young Frond. ASPLENIUM nUTA-MUnARIA. 2, <25 Trifidum, Moore. — Found at Malgwyn Castle, Pembrokeshire, by Mr. W. Hutchison. A dwarf form. The basal pinnaj on lengthy footstalks, small, and very deeply divided into three cuneate segments, their apices blunt, and indistinctly toothed. Spathulatum, Moore. — Found at Town Mailing, in Kent, by Dr. Allchin; Marwood, Devonshire, by the Rev. F. Mules; at Settle, Yorkshire, by Mr. A Clapham; at Dunkeld, Perthshire, by the Rev. R. Taylor; and at Fife by IMr. C. Howie. A large vigorous form. The base of the pinnules are narrowed down- wards, and with the blunt apex, being spathulate. Fig. 591. — Portion. Fig. 592.— Portion. Unilaterale, Moore. (Fig. 591.) — Found at Mucruss, Kil- larney, by Dr. Allchin; at Black Head, County Clare, by Mr. R. Barrington; and at Chaigeley, near Clitheroe, Lancashire, by myself. The pinnte are all on one side of the rachis, the rachis often ex current and hooked at the jioint; occasionally the pinna becomes an enlarged branch. A very irregular variety. Cristatum, Wollaston. (Fig. 592.) — Found near Ruthin Castle, Denbighshire, by Mr. J. Daniels; near Guildford, Surrey, by Dr. Allchin; and near Tunbridge Wells, Kent, by l\Ir. G. B. AVolIaston. Bipinnate, pinnules narrowish, those at the apex of the frond or pinnse dilated at their tips, and somewhat crispy. Other forms are more variable, some tasseled at the apex, some with the apical lobes folded on each other. Often the rachis is divided. VOL. n. 2 G 22G ASPLENIUM RUTA-MURAllIA. ElattjMj Lang. — Found at Ennis, in Ireland, by Dr. Allchin; Michelstown Castle, near Cork, by Mr. P. F. Keir; near Athenny, Galway, by Mr. 11. Barrington; Keswick, Cumberland, by Miss Wright; and in Dovedale, Derbyshire, by Mr. Wilson. A tall slender variety, bipinnate or subtripinnate. Remarkable for the small and narrowly cuneate pinnules. Mostly blunt and dentate, occasionally truncate and subtrilobate. Dtssectum, Wollaston. — Found in Devonshire by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; and in Ireland, in County Louth, by the late Dr. Kinahan. A rare form, with elongated and deeply-incised pinnules. Variabile, Moore. — Found at Settle, in Yorkshire, by Mr. A. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough. Subtripinnate and very variable. Usually the pinnules are obovate wedge- shaped, distant, spreading, with the apex inciso-dentate, occa- sionally much depauperated. The pinnae and pinnules exceed- ingly dissimilar, the pinnules very small, and having two or three horn-like lobes in the place of teeth. Sectum, Moore. — Found at Arnside by Mr. J. Crossfield. Dwarf, with the ends of the pinnules incised, two or three of the segments usually longer than the others, and producing a forked or laciniated appearance. Prolieerum, Wollaston. — Found near Guildford, in Surrey, by Dr. Allchin. A proliferous variety, having young plants situated in the axils of the pinnules. Rare. ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF THE VARIETIES. Attenuatum, Lowe . page 223 Cristatum, Wollaston . 225 Cuneatum, Moore . . 224 Dissectum, Wollaston . 226 Elatum, Lang . . . 226 Pinnatura, Moore . . 224 Proliferum, Wollaston . 226 Pamo-depauperatum, Clapham 223 Eamosum, Moore page 224 Sectum, Moore 226 Spatliulatum, Moore . 225 Trifidum, Moore 225 Trifoliatum, Zotce 224 Unilaterale, Moore . 225 Variabile, Moore 226 .S(’OT,()PENDRIUM. 007 ^ I f: • .-s, _ a: <4Fv: ^'vi • »i ;v . *. • 'i' \jj’ '- V ■ rsi‘‘ X' ‘ ," i. ■•- ' ’ ' ■. ' ■■ 'i*' .''iff' '’¥v/c\^^ V . • - , If^ln;; ‘'4 • V — t' % ■ « ». .ff .g ■'V' ^ i.i V.;A ■« SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE, Var. Ramo -marginatum. LI - f V’ ■ ; ;-v I 1 i . 1 5 . 1 : i X { j # SCOLOPENDIUUM VULGARE. 245 narrow, crenate, or split into narrow rounded lobes. The apex of the frond abrupt and rounded. The costa sometimes excurrent near the apex, forming a horn on the under side. Fig. 611. Fig. 612. The fronds are occasionally branched in various ways. Sori sparingly scattered. Mr. A. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough, has raised some distinct and interesting forms from spores of this variety. Ramo-marginatum, Clapham. (Plate LI.) — This very singular Fern was raised from spores by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough, a gentleman who has perhaps been more successful than any one else in obtaining remarkable varieties of British species from spores. It is exceedingly beautiful and very distinct. The lower portion of the frond is very much narrowed, the leafy part being 246 SCOLOPENDIUUM VULGAHE. often all but wanting, except at the base itself, where it becomes dilated; above it is ramose, forming multifid-crisped tassels, which are marginate. At the apex the form is that of a large spreading tassel. Length of frond varying from nine to twelve inches, and width of the apex (that is, of the tassel) about six inches. There are two forms, the one branching into two distinct fronds at the base. Mr. C. Elworthy has more recently raised a similar form from spores. For the simple form I am indebted to Mr. Stansfield, of Todmorden, and for the double form to Mr. C. Monkman, of Malton, both of whose forms I have figured. My thanks are due to Mr. Clapham for plants. Fig. 613. Edwardsii, Loxoe. (Fig. 613.) — A diminutiv'e form of crxs- tatum found by Mr. Edwards, of Nuthall, Nottinghamshire, in Devonshire. It closely resembles the variety known as ci'istutum of Veitch, except in being much more diminutive. It is a fine corymbiferous form. The illustration is from Mr. Edwards plant. SCOI.OPENBRTUIM VUI.GARE. 247 Biceps, Lowe. (Fig. 614.) — Another of the variahile section found at Littleham, in Devonshire, by the Rev. C. Padlcy, of Beaconfield, Plymouth. Subpermanent. Undulate, with thin fronds facing each other, the one being much shorter than the other. A dwarf form. The illustration is from Mr. Padley’s frond. Duplex, jLoMJe. (Fig. 615.) — Found at Littleham, Devonshire, by the Rev. C. Padley, of Beaconfield, near Plymouth. Of the variahile section, and subpermanent. Lobate and branched, and of an upright habit. Occasionally the fronds are very distinct. My thanks are due to the Rev. C. Padley for fronds. Acaxthodes, Lowe. (Fig. 616.) — A fine form, found in Devonshire by Mr. Edwards, of Nuthall, Nottinghamshire. In some respects this form resembles sagittato-cristatuin, but having a larger multifid head. The base, though sagittate, is not con- spicuously so, and is not cristate-sagittate. The margin of the 24H SCOI.OrKNDUlUlU VULGARE. frond has here and there thorn-like projections, especially in the upper half of the frond. I am indebted to jNEr. Edwards for fronds. Fig. 616. Fig. 617. Latifolium, Lowe. (Fig. 617.) — Found near Totness by the Rev. C. Padley, of Beaconfield, near Plymouth. A large broad-fronded variety of an ovate- oblong form, irregularly undulate, and the apex blunt. Sori conspicuous, and very irregular in extent. My thanks are due to Mr. Padley for fronds. V SCO LO r E N 1) lU U M V U LG A RE . 249 Fig. CIS. VOL, II. Fig. C19. 250 SCOI.OI’ENDUIUM VUI.GARE. Perteugon, Lowe. (Fig. 618.) — A singular variety found in Devonshire by ]\Ir. Moly. It has two broad lobes at the base, and the lower half is somewhat undulate; the upjjer half is niarginate and irregularly cut, without destroying its general outline. The midrib branches at the apex, and is tortuose. i\Iv thanks are due to the Rev. C. Padley, of Reaconfield, Plymouth, for fronds. ScALPTURATUM, Moore. (Fig. 619.) — One of the muricatum section. Found in Guernsey by Mr. J. James, of Vauvert; at Nettlecombe, Somersetshire, by Mr. C. Elworthy; and in the Isle of Wight by Mr. R. Bloxam. Fronds twelve inches long, exclusive of the stipites, and an inch to an inch and a half broad. Profoundly crenato-lobate, the base cordate, and the apex attenuate. The upper surface irregularly ridgy towards the margin into confused conspicuous lines. The lobes some- times entire and sometimes dentate. Often suprasoriferous and marginate. A handsome form. SuPRALiNEAtUM, Moorc. (Fig. 620.) — Found at Settle, in Yorkshire, by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough; at Penryn, in Cornwall, by Mr. G. Dawson; at Ilfracombe by the Rev. J. M. Chanter; at Torquay and Dunchideock by Mr. R. J. Gray; at Nettlecombe, in Somersetshire, by Mr. C. Elworthy; at Petersfield, Hampshire, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; in Sussex by the Rev. W. H. Hawker; in Surrey by Dr. Allchin; in the Isle of ^Yight by Mr. R. Bloxam; and in Guernsey by Mr. J. James and the late ]\Ir. C. Jackson. One of the marginatum group, having an excurrent membrane developed from the surface of the frond. Length of frond from six to twelve inches, breadth from one to two inches. The base of the frond truncate or cordate, the apex obtuse, or acute, or sub- lobate, and the margins exterior to the membrane-like line, irregularly lobed or laciniate-dentate, occasionally undulate. Gymnosorum, Moore. (Fig. 621.) — Found near Minehead, in Somersetshire, by Mr. W. Bowden, and is now in the possession of Mr. G. B. Wollaston, of Chiselhurst. A dwarf narrow form. Length of frond six inches. The base of the frond truncate, the apex multifidly lobed; somewhat repand on so( ) 1 ,0 r R N 1) mu M u i /; a ii e . 9J)\ the margin, with small uneven teeth, sometimes inciso-lobatc, with the lobes pointing forwards. Stipites densely hair-scaly. Veins and sori very oblique, forming an acute angle with the costa. Sori small, crowded, and almost naked. The upper surface finely striate. Fig. 620. Fig. G21. Fig. 022. SiNUATo-Mui.TiRiDUM, Vadleij, MSS. North Devon, by the Rev, C. Radley, (Fig. (>22.) — Found in of Rcaconfield, near 253 RCOT,OPKNmUXIM VI7LGAKE. I’lymouth. A fine form, with undulate fronds and a tortuose branching apex. My thanks are due to Mr. Padley for the illustration. Fig G23. Undul.ato-ramosl’m, Lowe. (Fig. 623.) — Found by Mr. Moly in Devonshire. A fine variety, of large size. The fronds undulate, with a large, much-branched, leafy, and undulate apex. I am indebted to the Rev. C. Padley, of Beaconfield, for fronds. SCOLOPENDRTUM VUI.GAKE. 253 Fig 624. Fig. 625. Undueato-contractum, Loioc. (Figs. 624 and 625.) — Found in Devonshire by the late Mr. C. Jackson. An irregular form of the marginatum group, only partially and irregularly mar- 254 SCOT.OPENDRIUM VULGAKE. ginate. Undulate and contracted in the centre irregular in its outline, sometimes of the frond, and at others at the apex. Fig. f)2G. Fig. 627. Fig. 628. Mtjricato-marginatum, Padley, MSS. (Fig. 626.) — Found by Mrs. Thompson, of South Lawn, Exeter, near Netherton, Sir Edmund Prideaux’s seat. A similar plant was found in SC’OI.OVENDRIUM VULOARE. 255 North Devon by the Rev. C. Padley, of Bcaconfield, near Plymouth, in which the fronds run out at the apex to a very sharp point; and a third plant found near Ilfracombe by Mr. Dadds. It is a marginate and muricate form, the margin being finely fimbriated. The illustration is from Mrs. Thompson’s frond. Undulato-i.obatum, Moore. {Crisjnim -mtcUifithmi of Gar- dens.) (Pig. 627.) — A form of unchdatum, with the apex of the frond several times forked, the branches spreading, and forming a head of curly segments. Found at Littlehampton, in Sussex, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston, of Chiselhurst; in Guernsey by Mr. J. James, of Vauvert; M^hitbarrow, Westmoreland, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; and Littleham, in Devonshire, by the Rev. C. Padley, of Beaconfield. The varieties vary somewhat from the different localities. The illustration is from Mr. Padley’s plant. Raml'sculum, Loire. (Fig. 628.) — Found in Devonshire by Mr. W. Edwards, of Nuthall, Nottinghamshire. Somewhat undulate, with a lobate base, and a small, thick, leafy, multifid apex. The illustration is from Mr. Edwards’ frond. Fig. G29.— (Edwardsil, page 246.) Fig. 630. PiiYM.oLORiiYKON, Loice. (Fig. 613, page 246.) — Found in Devonshire by Mr. Edwards, of Nuthall, Nottinghamshire. A 5256 SCOLOPENJJHIUM VULGAKE. rather dwarf, handsome form. Branching at the base in the stipes, and branching and re-branching two or three times along the frond. A wide-spread very broad head. The illustration is from Mr. Edwards’ fronds. Proliferum, Wollaston. (Pig. 630.) — A singular monstrosity, which was raised from spores by Mr. Wollaston, of Chiselhurst. It is of the marginatum group, dwarf, scarcely three inches in length, and usually the lamina only one inch long, and from three to five eighths of an inch wide, mostly oblong, sometimes cornute, profoundly and irregularly marginate; the excurrent membrane so very much developed, that the frond appears as if split in two edgewise on either side of the costa. The upper surface of the frond irregularly verrucose. It bears no sori, but on the surface of the frond are little bulbils, which ultimately form small plants resembling the parent. Occasionally the fronds are wholly stipes and costa, without any leafy portion, and these taper and are pointed like an awl. My thanks are due to Mr. Elworthy, of Nettlecombe, for a plant. Spirale, Moore. (Fig. 631.) — One of the crisjjum series, found in Guernsey by Mr. J. James, of Vauvert; and at Nailsworth, Gloucestershire, by Mrs. Campbell. A singular distinct form. Length of frond three to five inches, and about an inch wide. The basal part undulate, becoming twisted towards the apex in the manner of a corkscrew. My thanks are due to Mr. P. Neill Fraser, of Cannoir Mills Lodge, Edinburgh, for a plant. } t 1 isCOLOPKNDllIUM VULGAUK, Var. Submarf'inaluin. Lll a. vulgake, Vai\ Jugosunn. N scoj.oPExninuM vueoaue. o-,7 Ei.woRTirn, Moore. (Fig. f>32.) — Raised from spores by Mr. C. Ehvorthy, of Nettlecombe. A singular, dwarf, ramose-flabellate variety. licngth of frond two inches, exclusive of the stipites, and three indies wide. The fronds consist of three branches, one of which is three times divided, the branches being flabellate, deeply cut, with undulating imbricated lobes. Slightly marginate. The fronds form a dense mass of lobate, dentate, fan-shaped, wavy divisions. l\Iy thanks are due to Mr. Ehvorthy for a plant of this variety. SuBMARGiNATUM, Wollastou. (Plate LII — A.) — A not un- common form, found in Ireland by Dr. Allchin; in Guernsey by the late Mr. C. Jackson and Mr. J. James; at Sunderland by Mr. J. Fairbridge; at Castle Howard, Yorkshire, by Mr. C. Monkman; at Settle by Mr. A. Clapham; at Doncaster by Mr. S. Appleby; at Malham by Mr. A. Stansfield; at Mowthorpe Dale, Coxwold, and Rivaulx Abbey, Yorkshire, by Mr. C. iNIonkman; at Worksop, Nottinghamshire, by Mr. S. Appleby; at Ilfracombe by the Rev. J. M. Chanter; at Littlehampton by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; at Hastings by Mr. S. E. Gray; at Glanville’s Wootton, Dorsetshire, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; in the Isle of Wight by Mr. R. Bloxam; at Castle Malgwyn, Pembrokeshire, by Mr. W. Hutchison; and at Southerndown, Glamorganshire, by Mr. T. H. Thomas. The fronds are only here and there furnished with the excurrent marginate mem- brane. Normal in size, from eighteen to twenty-four inches in length. Sometimes furcate or multilid, the margins crenate- lobate. Copiously soriferous beneath, and also suprasoriferous. The illustration is from Mr. C. Monkman, of Malton. JuGOSUM, Moore. (Plate LII — B.) — One of the muricatum group. Found in Guernsey by Mr. J. James, of Yauvert; at Barnstaple by the late Mr. Jackson; and at Ottery St. Mary by Mr. G. W. Wollaston. Distinguished by the thickening of the- veins which bear sori, and producing a series of herbaceous ridges or sorus-like excrescences on the upper surface, on the opposite side to the sori. Length of frond twelve to fourteen inches. The illustration was sent by Mr. C. INIonkman, of INIalton. VOL. II. 2 L SCOI.OI’F.NDUIUM VTJI.OATIE. f2.5S Lkni'Oxenst<:, Lowe. (Fig. G3-3.) — liaised here from spores. Irregularly cut along the margin, with here and there extended lobes. Undulate. Near the apex flat and almost normal, and here alone fertile, the spore-cases being narrow. Fig. G33. Fig. G34. Fig. 635. Murtcatum, Moore. (Fig. 6.34.) — Found in Guernsey by Mr. J. James, of Vauvert; at Nettlecombe by ^Ir. C. Elworthy.; and in the Isle of Wight by Mr. II. Bloxam. The fronds normal in size, coriaceous, base cordate, apex attenuate, the SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. 259 margin somewhat crenatcly-lobecl or sinuous, here and there partially crenate. The upper surface of the frond is striatcly furrowed, the tissue being depressed between the veins, pro- ducing parallel furrows. On the veins are abundant elevated points spread over the whole frond. My thanks are due to Mr. Elworthy for a plant. Aikmoton, Lowe. (Fig. 635.) — Raised from spores by the Rev. C. Radley, of Beaconfield, near Plymouth. A very distinct variety, combining many distinct characters. INIarginate, forked or branched, and suprasoriferous. The margin of the frond distinctly divided to the mafginatuni-\\\iG. belt, and these lobes crenate or dentate on their margin. The illustration is from Mr. Radley’s fronds. Fig. 636., Tortuoso-cristatum, Lowe. (Fig. 636.) — A magnificent variety, raised here from spores of dujitatum. Length of frond ten inches. Half a dozen fronds will form a bush twelve inches across. It is a much-branched variety, densely crested, and is singularly distinct, from being everywhere exceedingly twisted. 260 SCOI.OrENDlUliM VULGAKE. Ptyoides, Loxoe. (Fig. 637.) — Found in Devonshire by Mr. AV. Edwards, of Nuthall, Nottinghamshire. Length eight inches. Base truncate. A frond of thick substance, here and there split to the midrib. From the centre of the frond the midrib branches, and each branch again branches. The upper half of the frond is much laciniated. Veins distinct and club-headed below the branching half of the frond, but on the branching portion indistinct. My thanks are due to Mr. Ed^vards for the plant from which the illustration is taken. Crispum-grandidens, Loioe. (Fig. 638.) — A remarkable sport of erispum, found in North Wales by Mr. Clift, of Balsall Heath, Birmingham, and now in my possession. It resembles crisjjum, except, that it is also split quite to the luiclrib. The base is wide, and overlapping, with crisped lobes. Fig. 63!l. Fig. G40. UiVERGENS, Muore. (Fig. 639.) — Found at Nettlecoinbe by Mr. C. Elworthy. A singular variety, with fronds three inches in height, excluding the stipites; their base being normal, near the apex the fronds divide into two wide-spread branches, the breadth at the top being five inches. The branches lobatc or multifid-tipped. The lower margin is normal, but the upper one is contracted and dentate. Sparingly fertile on the normal portion of the lobes. I am indebted to Mr. Elworthy for a plant. Cliftii, Lowe. (Fig. 640.) — Found in North M ales by Mr. SCOLOPENUKIUM VULGARE. Clift, of Balsall Heath, Birmingham, and now in my possession. One half the length of the frond is naked, the leafy portion coriaceous and narrow, with a smooth even margin. The frond terminating in a large compact multifid head, very leafy, and uncut on the margins. Length twelve inches. Sori sparingly distributed. Fig. 641. Patulum, Lowe. (Fig. 641.) — A very large form of ramosum found at Littleham, Devonshire, by the Rev. C. Padley, of Beaconfield, near Plymouth. The rachis branches in the middle of the frond, and each of these branches divides repeatedly. Undulate. My thanks are due to the Eev. C. Padley for the frond illustrated. SCO 1,0 P KN mu U M V r I .fi A U K . Fimbriatum, Allchin. (Fig. 642.) — Found in Guernsey by Dr. Allchin. A distinct form of the marginatum section, with two kinds of fronds. The broader fronds are six to nine inches long, and three quarters of an inch wide; the base contracted and truncate, frequently with small separate lobes, the margins irregularly fimbriated, crenate-lobate, with the lobes undulated and crenate. Sori mostly exterior to the excurrcnt membrane. The narrower fronds are nine to twelve inches long, and only a quarter of an inch Avide; so narrow is the leafy portion, that on either side it is only of the same width as the rachis itself: its margins are finely fimbriated. My thanks arc due to Mr. P. Neill Fraser, of Cannon Mills Lodge, Edinburgh, for a plant. Variabii.k, WoUanton. (Fig. 643.) — Found in Guernsey by SCO 1,0 P F,N I) R 1 UM V U 1 ,0 A K V. . ^()4 Dr. Allchin and the late Mr. C. Jackson; at Ilfracombe by the Rev. J. M. Chanter and Mr. J. Dadds; at Barnstaple by the late Mr. C. Jackson; at Nettlecombc, Somersetshire, by Mr. C. Ehvorthy; at Littlehampton, Sussex, by Mr. G. B. IVollaston; and near Preston by Mr. A. Stansfield. A coarse-growing variety, with variable fronds both in form and size. Sometimes more or less normal, with an unequal cordate base, below which is a reniform lobe or branch. Some fronds are normal, except being branched in the stipes, near the base, or near the apex. Sometimes abbreviated and abrupt. Sometimes abbreviated and terminating in two overlapping lobes. Sometimes the margin is very unequally divided, occasionally quite to the midrib, the divisions forming rounded lobes. The base is mostly unequal, and having a lobe of one or two inches in length formed there. In some the stipes is divided. Occasionally branched. The plants invariably have the distinct basal reniform branch either stalked or sessile. Copiously soriferous. The illustration is from Mr. C. Monkman, of Malton. Unilatekale-ramosum, Loire. (Fig- G44.J — Found by Mrs. Thompson, of South Lawn, Fxeter, at Sidmouth. In the SC;0I,0PEN1)K1UM VUl.GARE. 265 rariahile section. An excellent and very distinct variety. More or less undnlate, and normal on one side the rachis M'hilst it is branching on the ojjposite side, and the branches are cristate. I am indebted to Mrs. Thompson for fronds. Fig. G45. Marginato-contuactum, JjOxoc. (Fig. 645.) — A large-growing, somewhat undnlate form, with an inconspicuous crenatc margin. liOngth of frond eightceii inches, width one inch and a half at VOL. TI. 2 M 26G SCOLOPENDllIUM VULGAKE. the base, widening to two inches and a half six inches below the apex, then suddenly contracting to three quarters of an inch, with a marginate and minutely-lobatc edge. Raised from sjiores by Mr. Elworthy. Mlltieidum, Gray. (Fig. 646.) — Found at Littlehampton by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; Nettlecombe by Mr. C. Elworthy; i Frenchay, near Bristol, by Mr. T. H. Thomas; Coninbrough Cliff's by Mr. J. Hardy; in Cumberland by Mr. R. Morris; Ruthin by Mr. T. Pritchard; Colin Glen, Belfast, by Mr. A. Crawford; Kilmoganny, Kilkenny, and Black Head, Clare, ’ by Mr. J. R. Kinahan. Normal below, and divided at the .■ apex into several iiiultifidly-cleft branches, spreading out into ’ a broadish dense flattish tuft. It differs from lohatum in the primary apical divisions being dilated and split into several ; smaller segments. I Histortum, Moore. (Fig. 647.) — Raised from spores by Mr. Elworthy. A singular distorted form. Stipites bent, frond SCOl.OVENDKIUM VULGAUE. 207 narrow and irre<^ular in outline, brandling several times near the apex, and becoming wider and more deeply cut. Digitatum, Wollaston. (Fig. 648.) — Originally raised from spores by jNIr. G. 13. Wollaston, of Chiselhurst, and has since been found at South Weald, Brentwood, Essex, by Miss Lucy Moss. This variety differs from ramosum in all the branches and divisions being flat or in one plane, being hand-shaped. The stipites sometimes branched, and the lamina mostly branched, both near the base, and higher up the costa. The central part of the frond is much branched into a dense tuft of crowded segments, which are much overlapping. The ramifications are compound in an extraordinary degree. For plants my obligations are due to Mr. Edwards, of Nuthall, Nottinghamshire; Mr. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough; Mr. Cooling, of Derby; and Mr. C. Monkman, of Malton. The fronds are usually much more branched than the illustration. Bimaeginatum, Wollaston. (Fig. 649.) — Found at Rother- ham, in Yorkshire, by Mr. H. Hayling, gardener to the Rev. 4Y. Hudson, of St. Catherine’s, Regent’s Bark; also at Brecon, by Mr. J. R. Cobb; at Ulverstone, by Mr. Hadwin; Oldstead, Mr. C. Monkman; and raised from s^iores by Mr. C. Elworthy. Fronds A'arying, some Rom a quarter to half an inch wide, and six or eight inches long; others three quarters of an inch wide, and from six to nine inches long. IMr. Monkmaji’s plant has fronds eighteen inches in length, and is more like margi- natum, except in the more numerous minute denticulation on the margin. Base truncate, frequently broken up into a few separate lobes; ajDex usually simple, sometimes multifid. The margin laciniate-dentate, or cut into narrow, shallow, truncate lobes, which are bifid or dentate. The surface both above and below is marginate, hence the name himarginatum. The under marginate line similar to that in marginatum, but this cuticle on the upper surface is irregularly broken into cavities and excrescences. The top of the frond broader and scarcely mar- ginate. A very curious form. The illustration is from Mr. C. Elworthy’s plant. MAKCiiANTioinES, Clapluim. (Fig. 650.) — Another of Mr. Clapham ’s singular varieties. Fronds twelve inches in length. SCOLOPENDUIUM VULGARE. 2()8 and from lialf an inch to two inches and a half in width. Stipites two inches and a half. At the base of the frond are two reniform lobes, one inch across, above which the frond is contracted to half an inch; nearly strap-shajied, except the upper half or third, where wide and normal, one half of the fronds dilated at the apex, and forked. The narrow portion of the frond marginate beneath, beyond which lobate and fimbriate on the margin, with numerous raised crispy excres- cences, beyond which are here and there irregular flat lobes. Soriferous. Colour deep green. My thanks are due to Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough, for a plant. Ttjrgido-irregulare, Moore. (Fig. 651.) — Found atMliitby bv Mr. W. IVillison, and Ncttlecombe by Mr. C. Elworthy. SCOLO PENDIUUM VULGARE, Var. Sublineato-striatum. LIII S. VULGARE, Vai'. Sagittato-cristaturn. scoLOPUNiiRiuM vulgart:. 260 Not unlike turgidum, more irregular in outline, and more profoundly and distinctly lobed, and submarginate. The illus- tration is from Mr. C. Elworthy. SuBLiNEATO-STRiATUM. (Plate LIII — A.) — A Very interesting variety, much cut, and very irregular on the margin. The fronds are crenately lacerated on the edges, and margined ■with a line along the under surface of the frond. This Fern differs from the other submarginate varieties in having raised lines and strice across the uj)per surface of the frond. Sori bold, near the margin, and -with small detached portions almost marginal. Length about t'welve inches, breadth from one to two inches. Veins darker, giving the frond a striped appearance. Apex of frond pointed. It was gathered in Devonshire by Mr. Hillman, a well-kno-wii collector of Ferns. For fronds my thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield, Vale Gardens, Todmorden. Sagittato-cristatum, Clapham. (Plate LIII — B.) — A hand- some variety, arrow-shaped at the base. The fronds are slightly undulated or wavy, and dichotomously divided, the apices multifid, broad, and somewhat cristate and striate. Basal lobes sagittate. Somewhat inconstant. Found in Raincliff Wood, near Scarborough, by Mr. A. Clapham, where it was found in some abundance. A much finer and quite constant form has since been found in Devonshire, in 1859, by Mr. Hillman. In this variety the lobes are truly sagittate, and sometimes cristate, and the fronds are terminated by a corymbose tassel, frequently nine inches across. Mr. Clapham’s form is about twelve inches in length, and three inches in breadth at the apex. IMy thanks are due to Mr. Stansfield, of Todmorden, for fronds. Stenomenon, Loice. (Fig. 652.) — A narrow form in my possession. Length ten inches, width half an inch. Thick fronded, deep green in colour. An excurrent membrane runs near the rachis the whole length of the frond, terminating in a small divided leafy segment, this is distantly fimbriated with sporiferous segments. The frond is narrow and very regularly fimbriated, and here and there are soriferous projecting segments at the base of the fimbriated lobes. Fronds numerous and subcrect. 270 SCOLOr EN D RIUM V U EG A U E . Fi2. G52. Fig. 653. Fig. 654. Fissem-latum, Moore. (Fig. 653.) — Found near Nettlecombe by Mr. C. Elwortliy. A large-growing form. Fronds two feet in length. Profoundly and irregularly cut on the margin, and slightly undulate, narrowing to the base, and acute jDointed at the apex. Mhdth at the base one inch, and in the centre of the frond two inches. Sori large, jirofuse, and irregular. My thanks are due to Mr. Elworthy for a plant, from which the illustration is taken. SCO LO P K N 1 ) lU U M V U I ,G A II K . 271 Undulatum, Moore. (Fig. 654.) — Found at Torquay by Mr. R. J. Gray; Ncttlccombc, by jNlr. C. Elwortby; Fareham, Hampshire, and Ruthin, Denbighshire, by Mr. G. Pritchard; Oswaldkirk, Helmsley, Yorkshire, by ]\Ir. A. Claphain; Whitby, by Mr. W. Willison; Colin Glen, Belfast, by Mr. A. Crawford; Chaigeley Manor, near Clitberoe, and Cromford, Derbyshire, by myself. Regularly wavy fronds, but much less crisj^y than in crispum. Fronds narrower, and in being fertile, it is unlike the sterile crispum. Length of frond twelve inches, width one inch and a half. - Turgidum, Wollaston. (Fig. 655.) — Found at Week, in Sussex, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; Nettlecombe, Somersetshire, by Mr. C. Elwortby; Barnstaple, Devonshire, by the late Mr. C. .Jackson; Ilfracombe by Mr. J. Dadds; Castle Howard and Oldstead, Yorkshire, by Mr. C. Monkman; Hackness, near Scarborough, and Knarcsborough, by Mr. A. Claphain; Whitby by ^Ir. W. Willison; Todmorden by Mr. A. Stansficld; Whit- 272 SCOT.OPHNDIUUM A’VILGARK. barrow, Westmoreland, by Mr. F. Clowes; Guernsey by Mr. J. James; and at Morecombe Bay by myself. Named on account of the turgid character of the cellular tissue between the veins. Fronds coriaceous, from six to twelve inches in length, and from an inch and a half to two inches broad. The margin very irregularly lobate, or crenate-lobate, here and there split quite to the costa. Crenate-dentate or laciniate- dentate; more or less marginate, often close to the margin, and occasionally near the costa. Base cordate. The apex frequently forked or multifid, sometimes abrupt. Venation irregular. Fertile and permanent under cultivation. The illustration is from Mr. C. Elworthy. Alatum, Clapham. (Figs. 656 and 657.) — Raised from spores by Mr. A. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough. A dwarf narrow-fronded Fern, six inches in length, marginate and winged for the whole length of the frond, with projecting hidentate teeth, narrowing to the base. My thanks are due to Mr. A. Clapham for the illustration. Marginato-lacebatum, Clapham. (Fig. 658.) — Raised from spores by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough. Variable fronds. Some dwarfer and more profoundly cleft; others variously split to the costa, the divisions forming distant, variously sized, irregular lobes. Some fronds oblong, with sinuous margins; some obtusely cuneate ; some broader, variously cleft and multifid crisped, the parts being more or less marginate. The costa in some fronds is bare to , near the aj)ex, and the frond then becomes fan-shaped, having narrow, minute, dissimilar divisions. In others, when spread flat, forming about three parts of a circle of five inches in diameter, and consisting of five cuneate sections divided down nearly to the toj) of the stipes, and each section two or three times deeply cleft with lacerately-toothed margins. Fisso-lobatum, Moore. (Fig. 659.) — Found near Nettle- combe by Mr. C. Elworthy. Length of frond twelve inches, width from half an inch to an inch. An interesting variety, somewhat resembling Jissum, except in the multifid apex. Fronds lobate on the margin, and niimerously split into nar- rowish laciniae, the apex similarly dentate and multifidly lobed. SCOl.Ol’KNDlUUM VUJ.OAKK. 273 Contracted below tlic apex, irregularly reticulated, and copiously Fig. 059. Kig. GOO. fertile, and also suprasoriferous. The illustration is from Mr. Elworthy. VOL. ir. 2 N 5374 SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. Transyerso-multifidum, Moore. (Fig. 660.) — Found by- Mr. Dadds near Ilfracombe. Fronds more or less undulate, with a multifid apex, which is weeping and compact. The illustration was forwarded by the Rev. C. Padley, of Beaconfield, near Plymouth. Fig. 661. Fig. 662. Flabellatum, Moore. (Fig. 661.) — Found near Nettlecombe by Mr. C. Elworthy, to whom I am indebted for a plant. A handsome form, Avith flabellately multifid fronds, six to eight inches in length, and as much across in the multifid portion. The fronds in the portion lower are normal, but in the upper half the costa becomes repeatedly branched, the branches continuing broad almost to the tips, the divisions much over- lapping, yet scarcely cristate. The multifid apex is spread out nearly flat. CoRNUTUM, Moore. (Fig. 662.) — Found in Yorkshire by Mr. Thorne, and subsequently in the same county by Messrs. Stansfield, in Somersetshire by Mr. C. Elworthy, and Dunglass Dean, Dumbartonshire, by Dr. W. Nichol. Fronds from six to ten inches long, coriaceous, slightly undulate, and irregu- larly crenate, occasionally profoundly lobed, the lobes minutely SCOLOPENDIUUM VULGAllE. 275 dentate, base eordate or tnincate, the apex abruptly rounded, the costa becoming excurrent half an inch below the extremity, and forming a long hook. Fertile. Fig. 663. Fig. 664. Fig. 665. Baleouuii, Lowe. (Fig. OG-3.) — A thick, fleshy, upright- growing variety, irregular in form, and divided into numerous lobes. An excurrent membrane runs from the base to the apex, which is fimbriate, and irregular on either side the x'achis, in places being situated on the edge of the racliis, in 276 scor,oPEXi)Hu:M vuegakk. others extending to the margin of the frond, and then forming a double row of lobes, which arc soriferous along their edges. Cornutc. Length ten inches. Found in Westmoreland, near Ambleside. Mutatum, Moore. (Fig. 664.) — Found near Nettlecombe by iNIr. C. Elworthy. A narrow form, eighteen inches in length and half an inch wide, with occasionally a normal or portions of a normal frond. Incised half way to the costa at regular distances about half an inch apart, forming truncate square- tipped lobes. Sori irregular, and extended downwards from the base of the two sides of these divisions quite to the costa. The illustration is from Mr. Elworthy’s plant. Plumoso-lobatum, Moore. (Fig. 665.) — Found at Xettle- combe by Mr. C. Elworthy. A form of lohatum, in which the fronds are narrowed below and forked towards the apex, the branches again once or twice forked, so that the apex consists of a few attenuated lobes tlu’ee or four inches long, which curving more or less give the appearance of a plume of feathers. SuPRALixEATO-RESECTUM, Moore. — Fouud in Guernsey by Mr. James. Fronds lanceolate, tapering to the base, apex attenuate. Length six to eight inches, width one inch to one inch and a half in the broadest part. Margin crenately dentate. Supralineate and fertile. Marginatum series. SupRALiXEATO-LOBATUM, Moove. — Fouiid at Xettlccombe by Mr. Elworthy, and in the Isle of AVight by Mr. R. Bloxam. Length eight inches. Base subcordate, slightly supralineate, margin crenate-lobate, apex lobate or multifid. Marginatum section. SixuATO-LOB-ATUM, Moove. — Fouiid in Somerset by Mr. Elworthy. Fronds broad, lobed or sinuated, and irregular in width and outline. Apex twice dichotomously forked; with broad, somewhat crispy divisions. Base cordate. Polyschides section. SCOLOl’KNDHIUM VUhGAllK. 277 A'KsriFOiiMK, CIaj)/iam. — Found at Fountains Abbey, York- sliirc, by Mr. A. Claphani, of Scarborougli, Singular. Base cordate, apex attenuate, and I’cgular and entire on the margin, except about the centre, where a portion becomes contracted almost to the costa. Polyschides section. Fig. G06 Fig. G67. Rotundifolium, Loice. (Fig. 666.) — Iir the possession of Mr. C. iMonkman, of Malton. Dwarf; fronds two inches in length, including the stij^cs. Reniform, and closely resembling the fronds of Adiantum reniforme. Fronds sterile. Multifidum-nanum, Loxoe. (Fig. 667.) — An interesting dwarf form, found in Devonshire by Mr. W. Edwards, of Nut- hall, Nottinghamshire. Twin-fronded, one half the length of the frond is naked, the remainder being a corymbiferous head, undulate, and finely and distinctly cut along the apex. The frond for illustration was forwarded by Mr. Edwards. MARGiNATo-FiMimiATUM, MooTC. — Fouiid near Cartmel, Lan- ca.shire, by Mr. Hillman, and in Silverdale, Yorkshire, by Messrs. Stansficld. Narrow, base snbeordate, margin fringed with small prominent regular teeth. Marginato-fissum, Moore. Found at Barnstaple by Mr. C. 278 SCOLOrENDIUUM VULGARE. Jackson, and at Ilfracombe by Mr. J. Dadds. Base broadly- cordate, apex acute, margin deeply cut into narrow obtuse lobes. Marginato-eoratum, Moore. — Raised from spores by ^Ir. Elworthy and Mr. Wollaston. Length ten to fourteen inches, width an inch. Margin laciniatc-dentate, apex mulfcifidly-lobed, dentate, and with acute apices. Marginato-cristatum, Moore. — Raised by Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough, and Mr. Elworthy. Length six to nine inches, lower portion marginate, the apex dividing into a crisjjy fla- bellate tuft of laciniate segments, three to four inches broad. Marginatum-tenue, Moore. — Raised by Mr. S. Appleby, of Doncaster, and Mr. W. Nixon. Length three to six inches, width a quarter to half an inch. Marginate aiid laciniate-toothed, sometimes irregularly toothed. Some fronds cornute or dilated, occasionally proliferous. CuRiosuM, Wollaston. — Found near Worthing by Mr. W. W. Reeves. A portion of the fronds resemble smuatum. Some- times the lamina is narrowed, but entire for a considerable portion, base usually much narrowed and then, truncate, with reticulated veins. Upper surface distantly streaked with yellowish green. Polyschides section. Salebrosum, Moore. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. James. Allied to sinuatiim with shorter fronds. Base subtruncate or cordate. Ajjex attenuate, margin not contracted, but beyond the general outline projecting lobes, the whole (lobes included) crenately toothed. Polyschides section. Obtusilobatum, Moore. — Found in Somerset by Mr. Elworthy. A large form of salebrosum. Polyschides section. Retinervium, Moore. — Found in Ireland in 1853, by Dr. Allchin. Fronds nine inches long ; they are dissimilar, even in . outline, apex sometimes multifid, margin lobed, and here and SCO LO r E M) R I U M "S’ U LG A HE . there contracted and inarginate. Fronds blotched with pale green. lleniarkablc for the much-netted veins. Polyschides group. Fig. 668. Fig. 669. Fig. 670. IUahgin'.vto-trifoume, Padlcy MSS. (Fig. 6G8.) — Found in Devonshire by the K,ev. C. Padlcy. IMarginatc near the costa to within three inches of the apex, where this line terminates. Fronds fourteen inches long, contracting in the centre of the frojid from an inch to half an inch, and dilating near the apex to one inch and a half. Margm irregularly lobed and dentate. In the centre of the frond lobes more distant, with wide open 280 S ( ; 0 1 . ( ) r F, N 1 ) R I IF M V ir F G A K E . sinuses. The apex more normal, with a crenate margin, and a multifid or furcate apex. Sori situated along the marginal line in small patches, whilst near the apex more or less normal. My thanks arc due to the Rev. C. Padley for fronds. CoNYOLVERE, Loive. (Fig. 669.) — In the possession of the Rev. Charles Padley, of Bcaconfield, near Plymouth. In the ci'isjncm section. A distinct frilled fonn. Length fourteen inches, width three inches in the widest part. Stipes ebeneous. Near the base a crisp and incised lobe an inch in width, above which the stem is naked for two inches, above which three inches wide, very much frilled, decurrent at the base. In several parts cut to the costa, leaving wide spaces. Midrib flexuose. My thanks are due to the Rev. C. Padley for fronds. Mtjltifido-laceratum, Loive. (Fig. 670.) — Raised from spores at Highfield House. Sagittate at the base. The lower half variously lacerated, the upper portion merely undulate, and the apex inconspicuously inultifid and crested. Sori profuse. IjCiigth of frond nine inches. Resectum, Moore. — Found at Littlehampton, Sussex, by Mr. G. B. AFollaston. Normal size. Remarkable for the absence of the basal auriculate lobes. Base ti’uncatc, outline lance-shaped, margin slightly undulate and sinuately lobed, lobes crenately- dentate. Polyschides section. Marginato-capitatum, Lowe. — Found at Oldstead, York- shire, by Mr. John Muckle. Length of frond twelve inches, exclusive of the stipites; width from two to two inches and a half. Base lobate. Fronds wavy, marginate, above wliich narrowly and numerously denticulate. The apex flat but multifid, and no wider where multifid than in other jjarts of the frond. Abundantly soriferous. jMy thanks are due to Mr. C. Monkman, of Malton, for fronds. An illustration is needless. IMonkmanii, Moore. — Found at Castle Howai’d by Mr. C. Monkman. Fronds eight inches in length and two inches wide. Sagittate at the base, broadest upwards. Along the margin are SCOLOrKN'DUIUM VUI-GAKK. 281 a few distant projccting-pointcd lobes. Tlic apex acute or occasionally divided. SuHM.VHGiNATO-MONKMANii, Loxoc. — A iiaiTow form of mh- marginatum found at Oldstead by Mr. C. Monkman, of Malton. Very elegantly and profusely denticulated on the margin. Sori more esijecially confined to near the edges of the frond, and much shorter than usual. Arietinum, Loioe. (Fig. 671. — Recently found on Mount Edgecombe, on the border of Cornwall, by Mr. Mhlliam Edwards, of Nuthall. Fronds fifteen inches in length, and one inch wide. A very angustate form of undulatum, with a mul- tifid apex, below which the frond contracts to a quarter of an inch in width. The branches are small and curved downwards, not unlike a ram’s head, hence the name. The illustration is from Mr. Edwards. Geavei, Lotce. (Fig. 672.) — A singular form, raised by ISlr. Glavc, of Scarborough. Ijcngth of frond six inches, of which the lower four inches is the naked stipes, repeatedly branching into a number of almost leafless narrow divisions, whieli are laciniated, and dentate on the margins of the apices. My thanks arc due to i\Ir. Glavc for a frond. VOL. 11. 2 0 2S2 scni,opF,xi)iiirM vx'r.oAiiK. 1 ri'.MioxnoTDFS, Moore. — Found near Xettlccombe, in Somcr- setsliirc, by Mr. C. Elworthy. Dwarf, subhastatc, and coriaceous. 'I'lie base enlarg'cd and cordate, and the sides curving to the point. Lobes diverging and blunt-pointed. Length of frond five inches. An illustration is unnecessary. Reticulato-fissum, Moore. — Found at St. Lawrence, Isle of M'ight, by Mr. R. Bloxani. Differing from fissum (which it resembles in general aspect) in the confluent, irregidarly reticulated veins. Pohjschides section. Yiviparum, Wollaston. — Found in County Clare in 185-3, by Dr. Allchin. Fronds only one to four inches in length, and from half an inch to- an inch and a half wide. Irregular, margin very laciniate, and producing bulbilla; on the fronds and stipites. Sometimes undulate and sinuate lobate. Pohj- schicles group. Opacum, Moore. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. James. Curious and depauperate, remarkable for its thick, opaque, dull-looking fronds. Length three to six inches. Narrow but variable in width, cordate and unequal at the base, and attenuate at the apex. Margin irregular and crenate, Polyschides group. Promixexs, Moore. — Found near Ruthin, Denbighshire, by Mr. T. Pritchard. Length twelve inches. Narrow, truncate below, attenuate to a blunt point, margin irregularly crenate, with a few irregular, rounded, narrow lobes, projecting half an inch beyond the general margin. Polyschides section. Ix^QUALE, Allchin. — Found in 1853 in Ireland by Dr. All- chin. Length six inches, width one inch. Costa ramose below, or multifid near the apex. Sometimes a lobe protrudes from the margin. Base truncate, margin deejily fimbriated or undu- lated. Sori irregular. Polyschides section. Epipiia"LEOII)e.s, Moore. Found near Mliitby by Mr. AV. Willison. Fronds nine inches long, base subcordate, margin SCOLOI’KNDIUUM VULGAKE. 283 irregularly lobatc for two or three inches, then suddenly con- tracted almost to the costa, and then swelling out again, and truncately ^ contracted at tlie upper cud in the same way, tapering downwards. Polyschicles section. Fig. 673. I'^g. 674 CoRi.vcEo-ciusT.vTiJM, Lotce. (Fig. 673.) — Raised from spores by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough. Length of frond nine inches, including the stipes. Dark green in colour. Thick and fleshy in texture. Somewhat narrow and irregularly crenate on the margin, contracting towards the apex, where the stipes dilates and branches, forming a small thick crest. The illus- tration is from Mr. Clapham. RiMAUGiXATo-MULTiFiDUM, Moorc. (Fig. 674.) — An extraor- dinary bimarginate variety, twelve inches in length. Exceed- !284 SCOLOlMiNDlUUM VULGAllU. iiigly narrow, and broken up to the rachis, scarcely anything but the naked stem remaining, with a much-divided, large, multifid apex of narrow branches, soriferous along the margin. ]\Iy thanks are due to Mr. Elworthy for a jjlant. Fukcans, Moore. — Found in Somerset by Mr. Elworthy. Dwarf. Base cordate, apex once or more forked, sometimes divided into a tuft of five or six lobes. INlargin unequally crenate lobate. Polyschides section. CuRTUM, Moore. — Fronds thick, variable, apex dentate, some- times contracted, and base truncate ; margin lobate, apex abrupt, ramose, or abbreviated. Here and there subcontracted and supralineate. Found in Somei’set by Mr. Elworthy. Polyschides section. Inops, Moore. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. James, of Vauvert. ' Length six or eight inches. Narrowish, base cordate, irregular, margin crenate-dentate, apex forked, or also forked below. Polyschides section. SuBVARiEGATUM, Wollciston. — Found at Glanville’s "Wootton, Dorset, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston. Fronds six to twelve inches long, exceedingly varied in form and multifid, undulate, crenate, and faintly streaked with a dull straw-colour. Polyschides section. Bimosum, Moore. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. James, and raised from spores by Mr. Wollaston. Fronds eighteen inches long, and nearly two inches broad. Base cordate, margin sub- undulate, sublobate, and crenate; near the divided apex deeply incised. Upjjer surface sulcate, with here and there a tliickeiied prominent point. Polyschides section. Imperfectum, Wollaston. — Found in 1855 by Mr. G. B. Wollaston. Lobed as in polyschides, but broader. Length ten inches, breadth one inch and three quarters. Base truncate, apex abrupt. Margin irregularly wavy, and here and there lobed. The margin has an unfinished appearance. Polyschides section. > - t S C O L O P E N D R I U M V U L G A R E. Var. Staasfieldii. LTV S. VULGAHE, Vai'. Margmato-ii-reguiare. V' : ^ ar •> . \ . V ' ^ V‘ f. . ■ • • ■ - K:' - u / J . ' < SCO 1 .0 P K N Dili U M U I.G A UE . 285 Stansfieldii, Stansjield. (Plate LIV — A.) — This magnificent, and, as yet, very rare variety, was raised from spores in the fernery of Messrs. Stansficld, of Todmorden, in the year 1859. It is quite constant, and when the fronds arc in perfection it is the most beautiful of all the varieties of this protean species. The fronds are densely undulated, in the maimer of Scolopendrixcm vulgar e, var. crispum; the undulations, however, in the variety Stansjieldii are lobed and profoundly laciniated, the projections being long-pointed and variously crisped and twisted, giving the whole frond the singular appearance of a fringed frill, if it is allowable to use this pleonastic ]5hrase. The stipes is from two to three inches in length, and the fully-grown fronds twelve inches or more long, and about two inches broad. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield, of the Vale Gardens, Todmorden, for the frond illustrated. M A RG IN ATO- 1 KREG U J.ARE , Moore. (Plate LIV — B, and 28G scoi,orExmuuM vulgaue. Fig. 6T5.) — An interesting and desirable variety raised by Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough, a gentleman well known for the many remarkable varieties he has added to our British Ferns. Found also at Oldstead, Yorkshire, by Mr. C. Monkman. A very singular depauperated form. Sinuately lobed or irregularly contracted or laciniated. Length eighteen inches. Four or five inches below the apex branching, and each branch an inch below the apex again branched. Sometimes nearly the whole of the frond is dejiauperate, at others one side only of the costa; but everywhere very irregular. A remarkable form. My thanks are due to Mr. Clapham for a frond. SuPBALiNEATo-MULTiFinuM, Moore. (Fig. 676.) — Length six inches, width one inch. Margin irregularly cut, supralineate near the costa, the apex multifid, their apices narrowed. The illustration is from Mr. Monkman. CoRiACEUM, James. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. James. Dwarf, coriaceous, irregularly inciso-dentate, submarginate, margin dentate. Base cordate, apex abrupt, irregularly soriferous. Nudicaule, Allchin. — Found in Ireland by Dr. Allchin. Variable, narrow, base cordate, apex sometimes multifid. An almost total absence of scales. Obtuso-dentatum, Moore. — Found in 1855 near Ilfracombe by the Rev. J. M. Chanter. Length six to twelve inches, width one inch and a quarter. Base truncate, apex blunt, the midrib not reaching the end, margin notched with uniform crenatures, sori ii-regular. Somewhat similar forms have been found in the Isle of AVight by Mr. R. Bloxam, and M harfe, near Settle, by ]\Ir. Clapham. Polyschicles section. IxTERRUPTUM, Wollastou. — Fouiid hr Courrty Dublirr by the late Dr. Kinahan. Sorrrewhat resernblirrg the laciiriate forms of sinuatum, only narrower arrd more fleshy. Remarkable for the irrterrupted lamina. Frorrds twelve irrehes lorrg arrd half an inch broad. Base subtrurreate, apex rrorirral; where rrarrow, sublobate, and dentate. There are interrupted portiorrs of half arr iircli to one irrch hi which the costa is bared. Polyschides section. SCOl.Ol'KXDKH’M Vl'I/i.VRK. 287 Bri.L.vn'M, Moore. — Found at I iittlchampton by ]Nlr. (j. i5. AVollaston. Fronds six iuclu’s long and one inch broad. ]3asc truncate, and somewhat snpralincatc, margin irregular and lobate, apex attenuated or forked. Sparingly fertile beneath and bullatc or blistered above, the tissue being confused and opaque. ^"eins irregular. Polyschides section. Fig. G77. w ARDii, Clapliam. (Fig. (ITT.) — A distinct dwarf Fern, having a long stipites, and a small, massive, multifid head, with a round outline; very leafy, but very irregular in form, much cut, sometimes fiat, and sometimes crisped on the margin. The upper surface of the frond copiously viviparous. Numerously fronded, forming a dense, circular, bush-like head. Length of frond six inches. Raised from spores by Mr. (Have, of Scar- borough. iNIy thanks are due to Mr. Clapham, of Scarborougli, foV a ])lant. Df.xtatum, Clapham. (Fig. (578.) — Length of frond six or eight inches. One lialf of the fronds more or less normal. SC0I,()PEX1)IUUM VLLGAUE. 2SS except a blunt apex, and the other half being most conspicu- ously dentate on the margin, with a blunt apex. !My thanks are due to Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough, for fronds. PsEUDO-AVARDii, Lotoe. (Fig. 679.) — Raised by Mr. Glave and Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough, from bulbils of Wardii. A most dissimilar form, dwarf, four inches in length, the stipes one inch, above which dividing into three more or less normal- looking (scarcely undulate) fronds, which are forked or multifid at the apex. I am indebted to Mr. Glave for a plant. Jamesii, Lotoe. (Fig. 680.) — -A singular Fern, raised from spores by Mr. James, of Vauvert. A A^ery coriaceous frond, 'F' much divided at the apex like stag’s horns, the sori formed within a A^ery narrow margin, and appearing on the upper surface like a row of beads. Slightly crisped. Base of the frond sagittate, and one lobe bifid. Apex of frond A'ariable. The illustration is from Mr. James, of VauAert. SCOLOPEXDIUI'M Vri.OAUE. 281) Fig. 681. VOL II. Fig. 682. 2 F 290 SCOLOl’KXnKIUM Vl’I/iAKE. Fissile, Moore. (Fig. 681.) — Found near Nettlccombc by j\Ir. C. Elworthy, and at Mowthorpe Dale, Malton, Yorkshire, by Mr. C. Monkman. Fronds twelve inches in length, and one inch in width. Unequal and' subtruncate at the base, narrowed at the apex. The margin profoundly lobed, or irregularly sub- pinnatifid. The large lobes unequal, separated by open sinuses, and again divided into rounded smaller lobes, or crenate-dentate. Sori exceedingly irregular and numerous. I am indebted to Mr. Monkman, of Malton, for fronds. Fissile-Monkmanii. (Fig. 682.) — An irregular form of fissile, found by Mr. Monkman at Oldstead, in 1859. Crenato- crisped. Length fourteen inches. Sparingly soriferous, and slightly suprasoriferous. INIacrosorum, Fee. — Found in the Channel Islands by Mr. James, of Vauvert. Twelve inches in length, and an inch broad, the margin frilled and irregularly lobed. Lobes deeply separated, but less manifest from not having oj^en sinuses. Not unlike polyschides. Angustato-nitidum, Lowe. — Raised from spores by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough. Not unlike polyschides in general appearance, but the fronds longer and more erect, rich dark green in colour and shining. The plant has a less number of fronds than is usual with jiolyschides. A distinct form. An illustration is unnecessary. Laxceolum, Moore. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. James, of A^auvert. Dwarf, lance-shaped. Base narrowed and cordate, apex attenuate, margin coarsely crenate and wavy. Polyschides section. Siciforme, Wollaston. — Found in Guenisey by the late Mr. C. Jackson. Length eleven inches, width one inch. Base sub- cordate, lance-shaped, with laterally-waved, slightly-crenate margins, obsoletely margined beneath. Soriferous, and also with small sjiore-cases on the upper surface. CiRCiXATUM, Loxoe. (Figs. 683 and 684.) — Raised from spores by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough. A narrow form, with fronds SCOLOI’ENDKIUM VULGARE. J291 fifteen to eighteen inches in length. Marginatc, with a row of conspicuous bidentatc marginal teeth. The apex tasselecl, and the tassel curls round several times, that is, is circinate. The illustration is from Mr. Clapham. Fig. 683. Fig. 084.— Apex. Fig. 685. FoEyschiues-ckispum, Lowe. (Fig. 685.) — Raised from spores of the variety imperfectum by Mr. A. Clapham, of Ramsdale Rank, Scarborough. Length of frond ten inches. Closely resend)ling polyschidcs, except that it is beautifully crisped. My thanks are due to Mr. Clajiham for fronds. Rimarginato-muricatum, Moore. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. James, of Yauvert. Fronds twelve inches, two kinds, the S C O I. () r K N I) lU U M V U J . G A K K . oqo /V C/rv narrow fronds more bimarginate, outline irregular, contracted with jirojecting lobes, excurrent membrane situated near the costa, and interrupted. Broader fronds, margin unequally lobed and irregular, the surface striately furrowed. Fig. 686. Fig. 687. Ramosum, Willdenolo, {Dcedaleum of Deakin.) (Fig. 686.) — A variety known since the time of Plukenet, and very beautiful. More recently found at Ilfracombe and in Guernsey. Fronds brief, dense, and consisting of a multiplication of furcations, the stipites, which start singly from the caudex, beeoming ramified like the limbs of a tree, the costa often again branched below, and each branch bearing a dense multifid-crisped tuft. In some instances the apex of the frond is ramified two hundred-fold. The illustration is from Mr. C. Monkman. Irregulare-minus, Clapliam. (Fig. 687.) — Another singular form raised by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough. Fronds only three inches in length, many branching at the base into twin fronds, and the costa dividing again near the apex. The margin of the frond very irregular, and somewhat crisped. The illustration is from IMr. Clapham’s frond. SCOLOriiNDKlUM VULGARE. 293 Kitsoniaj, Moore. — Found in Devonshire by Miss Fanny Kitson. Curious. Fronds twelve inches long, and one inch and a quarter broad. Base cordate, outline normal, ujjper surface murieate, and having an excurrent wing on either side, and closely contiguous to the eosta. Brevieolium, Loioe. (Fig. 688.) — Raised by Mr. Edwards, of Nuthall. Dwarf. Length of frond three inches, of which two inches is the sti^jites, and only one inch the leafy portion. Fronds variable in form, some divided to the stem, and lobate, crisped and irregularly cut on the margin, terminating in a blunt apex. The costa cornute. The illustration is from Mr. Edwards. Hendersonii, Willison. (Fig. 689.) — Found in 1866 near Whitby by James Henderson, who is employed in Mr. Willison’s Nursery at Whitby. A dwarf form, only five or six inches in height. The stipites branching at the base, and again each branching some inch or so above the base, and these branches almost immediately dividing into dwarf fronds, normal at the base, and branching and dividing at the ajiex into beautifully crested heads, resembling five or six multifid fronds. My thanks are due to Mr. Willison for a frond of this unique Fern. Fig 688. Fig. 689. 294 SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGAUE. Crispum-majus, Jackson. — Found in Guernsey by the late ]\Ir. Jackson. Flabit erect. Stipitcs stiff, and six or eight inches long, costa very thick, leafy portion twelve inches, colour deep green. Base cordate, with very large lobes forming the broadest part of the frond, being three inches across, gradually tapering to the apex. Margin frilled. Fig. 690. Glomeratum, Moore. (Fig. 690.) — Found in Jersey by M. Piquet, and introduced by the late Mr. C. Jackson. A very fine and beautiful form. Length from three to six inches, and destitute of any normal strap-shaped portion. The costa dividing so repeatedly and densely as to form a globular crispy mass, having the margins obtusely and obscurely crenate-lobate. CoNGLOMERATUM, Loioe. (Fig. 691.) — A form of glomeratum, found at Truro by Mr. Dadds, sufficiently distinct to bear a SCOl, OPEN OKI VM VlIEGAHE. 295 name of its own. It dificrs in bcinp; less leafy, that is, more lacerated at the apices and more or less depauperate hclow the apex. It is known as the Truro form of ylomeratum. My thanks are due to Mr. Elworthy for fronds. Fig 691. Marginato-multifidum, Moore. — Raised from spores hy Mr. Elworthy, of Ncttlecombe. Length twelve inches. Narrow, with a somewhat flcxuose marginate excrescence, and a multifid apex. Margin incised. Frond very narrow at the base, and w'idening gradually to the ajicx. Sori confluent, forming a sub- marginal interrupted belt. Soriferous even to the tips of the multifid lobes. The illustration is from Mr. Elworthy. ScAiiRUM, Wollaston. — Found in Ireland in 1853, by Dr. Allchin. A handsome form, intermediate bc'tween maryinatum and muricatum. Fronds twenty-six inches long, and two inches 296 SCOI.OPENDRIUM VULGAllE. broad. Base cordate and sublaciniate, apex attenuate, margin irregularly crenate-lobate, and slightly undulate. Submarginate beneath, and submuricate near the margin above. Upi^er surface uneven from cavities and raised lines and points, abundantly fertile, and slightly suprasoriferoiis. Fig. 693. Dareoides, Wollaston. (Fig. 692.) — Raised from spores by Mr. Elworthy, of Nettlecoinbe. Length twelve inches. So much cut as to become pinnatifid; base attenuated, widening to the apex, where rounded and broadest. Fronds varying in form. Hookerii, Loice. (Fig. 693.) — Raised from spores at High- field House. Triangular fronds, as broad across the base as the frond is long, namely, six inches. Very leafy, lacerated here and there, much divided along the margin, the frond undulate, terminating in a round tasselcd apex. SC(> I , ( ) 1' K N I ) K I U M A' in , (J A R K . f>97 SAGiTTATO-roiA'cusiMs, Moove. (Fig. G94.) — A distinct form, twelve or fourteen inclics in length, with usually long sagittate Fig. 004. Fig. 695. lohes at the base, and a large tufted apex four or five inches across, with pointed apices and very leafy, d'he illustration is not characteristic either as regards the base or apex of the best developed fronds. My thanks are due to i\Ir. ('. Elworthy for a plant. VOL. II. 2 Q Sf ■( ) I ,( ) P K X I ) H II' \I A' I’ I ; A R I': . Vakiega'I’o-crexatum, Wollaston. (Fig. 095.) — A very fine variegated form of crenatum. Length seven inches. The apex furcate. i\Iy thanks are due to Mr. G. JL AVollaston for a frond. Crispum-cornutum, Willison. — Found by Mr. Joseph Buckle, of A^ork. Broadest at the base, where lobate, apex pointed, crisped and incised along the margin, and coimute in the centre of the frond. Bamosum-dexsum, Sim. — Length from three to four inches. Twin-stalked, each stalk bearing simple or twin fronds half an inch wide and one inch long, and these branching, the branches two or three-forked and twisted out of the plane of the frond. The forkings broad-lobed, the lobes crenate, the whole forming a compact, A'ery crispy crest. Distinct. Raised from spores by Mr. Sim, of Foot’s Cray. Ramoso-rugosum, Sim. — Length from one to three inches. Twin-stalked, and two or three times branched, each ultimate branch kidney-shaped and crumpled, irregularly deeply cleft, and these irregularly marginate-dentate. Scaleless. Short awl- shaped spurs are irregularly produced on the stalks, those on the midrib not awl-pointed but are a pygmy tassel of clustering points. Raised from spores by Mr. Sim, of Foot’s Cray. Ramosum-latum, Sim. — Length from nine to fifteen inches. Varying from ramosum in the much greater breadth of the terminal crest, which is very leafy and spreading. ScALPTURATO-MARGiXATUM, Sim. — Length from ten to fifteen inches, width one inch. The under surface resembling margin- atum, on the upper surface, more especially in the lower half, resembling scalpturatum. Raised from spores by Mr. James, of Vauvert, Guernsey. Submarginatum-texue, Sim. — Length from three to six inches, width from a quarter to half an inch, nearly erect, tapering, cleft into narrowish, shalloAV, sharply dentate lobes. 'I'he skin-like under-surface line is nearly jAarallel with the juidrib, but distant from it. Raised from spores by ^Ir. Sim. SCOI,()VENl)lllUM VULGAllE. 299 I^Ni)ULATO-MUi/ni’'iDU^[, Lowc. (Fig- C96.) — Length six inches, undulate, the apex nuiltifld, though scarcely extending beyond the Avidth of the frond. Fig. C9G. Fig. 697. jMauginato-moxkmanii, Lime. (Fig. G9T.) — Marginatc and intcrrui)tcd from the lacerated margin of the frond, jiartially supramarginatc. The a])cx nuiltifid into four leafy, broad, (liA'ergcnt lobes, slightly, irregularly, and distantly dentate on the margin, with broad apices. Length thirteen inches, one half naked. The illustration is from Mr. Monkman. Ckisi’U.m-.maiiginatu.m, Lowe. — A dwarf n'ispum, bought 300 SCOLOI’ENDRIUM VUEGARE. when very young by Mr. F. A. Edelsten; differing in the two inches of the apex being somewhat contracted, only slightly crisped and intenaijDtedly marginate and dentate. Marginato-polyschides, Lowe. — Raised from spores by Mr. James, of Vanvert. Length twenty-one inches, width half an inch, except near the apex, where three quarters of an inch for the upper three or four inches. A very tall looking variety with a marginal belt near the costa, except in the bulging apex where this line becomes submarginal and terminates an inch below the apex. Glomerato-ramosum, Moore. — Differing from glomeratum in the much more repeatedly branching stalks. Length eight inches, width across the head six inches. Laciniato-cornutum, Clapham. — Found at Horton, near Rivaulx, by Mr. Thomas Hunton, of Rivaulx. Length seven inches, narrow, much laciniated and lobate, very narrow and submarginate at the base, widening to half an inch, with a broad normal rounded apex having the sori continued round like the sjjokes of a wheel. The costa ends half an inch below the apex in a honi. I am indebted to Mr. Clapham, for fronds. Marginato-sagittatum, Loioe. — A dwarf marginate irregular- outlined frond, with a pointed apex and a pair of barbed lobes at the base; resembling Fig. 604, but marginate. ScALPTURATO-DissECTtiM, Moore. — Raised from spores by Mr. Elworthy. An irregular narrow-fronded form, having somewhat the appearance of laceratum but narrower, and the lacerations also long, narrow, and irregular. Length six inches, width one inch and a half to two inches near the base, and one inch near the apex. Marginato-latipes, Moore. — Raised from spores by Mr. Elworthy. Length eleven inehes, width nearly three quarters of an inch, with a wide base of an inch and a half Marginate- dentate, copiously soriferous. SCOI.orKNDlUUM VULGAKE. 301 SuPRALiNEATO-coNSTUiCTUM, Moove. (Fig. 698.) — A dwarf, narrow form, with an irregular margin. Supralincatc. Fig. 698. Fig. 699. Fig. 700. Ekosum, Loioc. (Fig. 699.) — A narrow crose form, with usually a multifid apex. Length eight inches, width one inch. Irregular outline, and here and there erose, interruptedly mar- ginate, and dentate. The nndtifid cristate apex but little Avider than the rest of the frond. Marginato-corjiatum, Lowe. (Fig. TOO.) — Length seven inches. A narrow marginate muricate form, the margin of the 302 SCO 1 .0 V K N JJ KI U M U I.G A R K . upper half of the frond being finely fimbriated, usually biden- tate, except at the apex. UNnuRATO-niFURCL’M, Loicc. — Length twelve inches, slightly undulate, thin, four inches below the apex furcate, and one inch higher again furcate. UxDATUM, Padley. — Found near Littleham by the llcv. C. Padley. Length eleven inches, width one inch and a quarter. Nearly uniform or strap-shaped. Rounded at the base and subcornute at the apex. The undulations more like waves, a quarter to half an inch apart, then crisped or undulated. I am indebted to the Rev. C. Padley for fronds. Imuricato-coxtractum, Clapliam MSS. — A broad form with an irregular outline. Slightly undulate, lobatc and imbricated. The centre of the frond contracted, but not excessively so, and where contracted densely denticulate. Apex blunt, except when minutely denticulate, then blunt with an abrupt attenuation. Muricato-crispum, Loice. — A pretty dwarf form. Fronds eight inches in length, widest at the base, and gradually tapering to the apex. iMuricate on the upper surface, within which to the costa smooth, without the muricate belt beautifully crisped. Copiously soriferous, except near the base, and also supraso- riferous near the apex. Mucronatum, Willdenow. — Raised from spores by Mr. A. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough. Fronds dwarf, the lamina from one to three inches in length, and less than an inch broad. Base subcordate, uniform in width throughout the frond, the apex bluntly rounded. Margin undulate and denticulate, the costa excurrent, forming a horn which projects from the upper surface. Fronds sterile. Dkorso-cristatum, Sim. — Length twelve inehes, Avidth one inch, scarcely s])reading, strap-shaped, forked near the aj)ex, the forkings turning down and crossing each other, their apices crispy, much cut, and compact. set ) L( ) 1* K N’ I ) K I UM V I • I,G All F, . 303 Laciniatum, Wollaston. (Fig. 701.) — Length eighteen inches. Xiirrow, except near the apex, tlien normal in width, with an acuminate aj)cx. 'J'hc iiarrow portion finely laciniated. My thanks are due to ^Ir. Elworthy for fronds. Fig. 702. Fig. 701. 304 S ( ; ( ) I , ( ) I > K N D HI U \ r V U L G A R K . Lohatum-ramosum, Loioe. (Fig. 702.) — Length thirteen inches, of whicli the basal three inches is the stipes. liohate, and branching at the base of the rachis into twin fronds, the apex being inconspicuously ramose. Macrosoro-cornuttjm, Lowe. — Raised from spores of macro- 5£>rMm by Mr. James, of Vauvert. Length five inches. It retains the character of macrosorum with a highly-developed property of cornutum, the horn which starts within the lamina extending as a curved thorn an inch beyond the rounded apex of the frond. Crispum-amplum, Lowe. — Found by Mrs. Hole, of Parke Bovey Tracy, and communicated by Mr. James, of Vauvert. A magnificent crispum, with fronds eighteen inches long and four inches broad, deeply and densely frilled, and having a crenate margin. Base lobate, apex multifid, and frilled in the same direction as the frond, and not extending beyond the general outline, so as to be scarcely perceived in a dried fr-ond. Findendum, Lowe. — Found near Marwood. by the Rev. F. Mules, and in North Devon by the Rev. C. Padley. Length ten inches. Normal, except that two inches below the apex the costa is split and twisted awry from the centre, forming a pair of multifid apices with an open space between them. Abrupto-crispum, Loxoe. — Length twelve inches, width one inch and a half at the apex, and half an inch at the base. Cornute half an inch below the apex, the margin crisped. Crispum-angustum, Lowe. — Length fifteen inches, width one inch and a half. A narrow form of crispum, with a naked stem six inches in length. Fronds sent by the Rev. C. Padley. Crassifolium, Sim. — A curious ugly form. Length six inches, width one inch, taj)ering, thick textured. Slenderly lined on the under surface. Cristatum-minus, Sim. — Length three to four inches, width three quarters of an inch, wavy, with a crested ajjex inter- mediate between crista-galli and cristatum. r » • >, i -JTi ^ V. >.: >Vij(-iit *'■ *’ • ’_* #'*'* * • •fc.v SCO LOrE NEK 1 U M A' U J ,0 AKE . 305 Ramosem-hajus, Claiiham. (Plate T^V.) — Foimtl at Haburn A\"ike, near Scarborough, by Mr. E. AVooclall, and raised from spores by Mr. Clapham, of Settle. Fronds eighteen inches long; stijAites A^ery thick, and branching into scA'cral broad fronds, cordate below, apex attenuated, somewhat undulate and crenatc, the multifid tufts frequently crossing each other. For fronds I am indebted to Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough; Mr. Monkman, of Malton; and Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Ramo-prolifekum, Clajiliam. (Fig. 703.) — Raised from spores by Mr. Clajihain, of Scarborough. Two or three branched beloAV, each three inches in length, diAuding in the middle into tAVO divisions, and again dividing and the apices split. Mar- ginate and coarsely serrated. Width less than a quarter of an inch. Similar forms have been raised from s^Jorcs by the late Mr. Jackson and myself. A pretty dAvarf form. Ramo-palaiatum Lowe. (Fig. 704.) — Length three inches. Twin-fronded at the base, decurrent, almost naked to the costa, except an inch bcloAv the apex, Avhere each expands into hand-shaped, deeply lacerate multifid heads, more than an incli in width. In the sinuses of the lacerations at the base is a thin transparent skin-like membrane. VOL. II. 2 K Fig. 703. Fig. 704. 300 SCO I ,{ ) r E N 1 ) 111 U M V V 1,(1 .V R E . Fissum, Moore. — Length twelve to eigliteen inches, width one inch. Erect. Slightly wavy, and the mai'gins cut into broad lobes half way to the costa, the margins creiiate. Flavo-tinctum, Moore. — Length ten to fifteen inches, nar- rowish, spreading, somewhat wavy, with a two or three times forked branched head. Yellowish green near the midrib. Geminum, Sim. — Length four to six inches, width half an inch. Very spreading, twin-stalked, fronds short, above twin- branched, and these again twin-branched. The ultimate ones angularly -lobed. Glomerato-digitatum, Sim. — Length four to six inches, width less than an inch. Raised from spores by Mr. Sim, of Foot’s Cray. Strap-shaped, and with an apex like glomeratum, or repeatedly forked-branched, flattened, fan-shaped, crispy head. Hastatum-majus, Elworthy. — Length six to nine inches, width two inches. Nearly erect, long-stalked, stout fronds, widest at the base, where there are arrow-barb-like lobes. The upper half crenate. L,a.cerato-marginatum, Sim. — Length two to four inches, differing from laceratum in the clefts of the fronds being sub- marginate, especially near the apex. Marginatum-pygmceum, Sim. — A jiygmy variety. Length one to two inches, width one eighth to one quarter of an inch. A miniature of marginatimi, with other very short, rounded, cornute fronds. Ramo-marginatum-pbolieerum, Sim. — Length two to three inches. Broader, more leafy, scarcely marginate, tufted form of ramo-marginatum, bearing numerous tiny bulbils on the uiiper siu’face. Marginato-cbispulum, Lowe. — Slightly crisped without the marginal belt, and denticulate along the margin. The marginal belt a quarter of an inch within the frond, and terminating four inches below the apex, where the margin is more irregular SCOI.OPENDRIUM VULGARE. 307 and lobatc. Increasing in width from the base to near the apex, which is rounded. Length sixteen inches, width from three quarters of an inch to three inches. Fronds were forwarded by the Rev. C. Padley. Axtrorso-cristatum, Lowe. (Fig. 705.) — Found by Mr. Foot, of the Ordnance Survey of Ireland, in the Burron. Length twelve inches, of which half is the naked stem, then normal, except the branching-crested apex, which is depauperate, more especially in the centre branch. PosTGATEANUM, WUUson. (Fig. 706.) — Found by Mr. Postgate, near Whitby. Length eight inches; to within tliree inches of the apex more or less normal and one inch and three quarters wide; here are two rounded lobes similar to those at the base, and above this extends a narrow forked portion with serrated margins and minutely cris])od apices. Sometimes tlie whole frond is lacerate. 308 S CO r.O P E X I) ]{ I U M E L G A K E . Accisum, Lowe. (Fig. TOT.) — Found in Devonshire hy Mr. W. Edwards, of Xuthall, Nottinghamshire. A somewhat dwarf, curious form, almost normal except at the apex, where cut away, and the costa terminating in a frilled leafy apex within the frond. CuiSTATUM-KAAiosuM, Moove. — Fouiid at Smeerset, Yorkshire, hy Mr. A. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough. The stipites branched, and the apex of the fronds crested into a fine handsome tuft, but not capitately crested. Cristatum-xaxu.m, Moore. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. J. James, of Vauvert. A very handsome, dwarf, crested form. Length of frond five inches; the base of the frond is half an inch wide, coi'date, and normal for one inch and a half, then spreading out into a much-branched tuft of narrow divisions, the ultimate segments terminating in blunt divaricate teeth. The tuft is four inches in width. Crista’I’xjm-traxsversum, Moore. — Found at Minehead, in Somersetshire, by Mr. W. Bowden, and now in the possession of Mr. G. B. Wollaston. Length of frond nine inches, width more than an inch. Base cordate, forked towards the apex, with laterally twisted branches crossing each other, the branches being multifid and cristate. Bamo-surmarginatum, Moore. — Raised from .spores by JMr. A. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough. A broad form, with fi'onds eight or ten inches in length, ramose in the sti^ics or lower portion of the costa. It resembles ramosum, but is suJnnarginate. Rolycuspis-uxdosum, Moore. — Found at Giggleswick Scars, near Settle, by Mr. Stansficld, and near Doncaster by IMr. S. Appleby. A dwarf narrow form oi jwhjcusjns multifidly branched, the ultimate segments forming simple attenuate points ; the whole of the multifid portions being curled or twisted. Variarile-cristatum, Moore. — Found near Barnstaple, in Devonshire, by the late Mr. C. Jackson. A handsome form of S CO L 0 1' K N 1 ) lU U M U 1 . G A H K . 30‘) variabilo, dividing in the lower portion of the costa, and spreading out by repeated contiguous forkings into a hunch six inches across, the tips of th(' ultimate lobes being cristate. Length of frond six inches. Fertile in the upper portion. FiiJ 708. Coxc.vvo-RAMOSUM, Loice. (Fig. 708.) — Raised from spores by Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough. Length six to seven inches. Fronds twin, dividing at the base of the stipites; the leafy portion only about two inches in length, branching at the base, and branching and multifid at the apex, but scarcely dilated beyond the general outline of the frond, the fronds being concave. Lamina equal in width from the base to the apex, the margin irregularly and shallowly cut. jMultii-’uucatum, Moore. — Found at Orchardlcigh Park, Frome, Somersetshire, by INIr. W. P. Ayres. A dwarf variety, truncate at the base, bearing in the lower part a few distant, acute, linear, projecting segments, more than half an inch in length. Higher iqi the lobes arc lai'gcr and longer, and become 310 SCOLOrENDUIUM VULGAllE, multificl, spreading out into numerous flat pointed segments; the apex also multifld, with several times divided branches, and the segments short. Fig. 709. ■ Fig. 710. Laceratum-monkmanii, Moore. {Pinnatifidum, Stansfield.) (Fig. 709.) — Raised by Mr. Monkman, of Malton, from spores. Dwarf, erect growing, densely tasseled. Difiering from lacerahim in being nearly equal in width, that is, a lacerated strap-shaped frond. Length six inches, width three quarters of an inch. I am indebted to Mr. Monkman for a frond. Kephaloton, Lowe. (Fig. 710.) — Found in Devonshire. Length nine inches, width an inch, unevenly lobate, the costa branching into a large, flat, much lacerated leafy head six inches across. A distinct form. ' SCOI.Ol’ENmUUM VUI.GAlUi:. 311 Tnvkhsum, Loioe. (Fig- 711.) — Length eight inches. A singular, pinnate, depauperate, lobate, dentate form. Very irregular in outline, and furcate near the apex. Fig. 711. Fig. 712. Fig. 713. 8nnconNUTO-T.ACixi.VTUM, Claplmm. (Fig. 71.‘2.)— A suheor- nute variety, with an irregular outline much laciniated, the apex more or less blunt, liaised from spores by Mr. Claidiam. Heiirtatum, Lowe. (Fig. 713.) — Length fifteen inches, width one inch and a quarter at the base, and gradually widening to two inches and a quarter at the extreme apex, which is rounded, 3V2 SCOl.Ol’ENDHUlM VUT.OAUE. and almost flat at the extremity, the sori being continued iiniformly round the apex, like the spokes of a Avhccl; one inch below the apex the costa terminates in a suheornute indistinct point. Apicieoeum, Moore. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. J. James, of VauA'crt. Dwarf, variablc-frondcd form, with fronds three to five inches long and two inches broad, widest upwards, the costa not extending to the apex, which is blunt and rounded in outline. Base cordate, margin undulate, sometimes cut so as to form a rounded lobe, and the apex profoundly cut into several obovate lobes. Ei.ato-lobatum, Moore. — Found at Littlchampton, Sussex, by ]\Ir. G. B. Wollaston. A tall, stout, erect variety, with fronds two feet in length, divided into two or three branches at the apex, the branches being cither divergent or convergent and transverse. Fukcatum, Wollaston. — Cultivated by Mr. Cox, of Redleaf. The apex of the frond split exactly down the midvein, the divisions crossing in a curved manner, and the forks curving like the upper mandible of a parrot, occasionally dividing in the same way over and over again. The lower portion of the frond normal. Divaricatum, Moore. — Found in Westmoreland by Mr. J. Crossfield, and at Oldstead, in Yorkshire, by Mr. C. Monkman. Normal below,, dividing near the apex into two branches, which spread out at a wide angle, and these fork again in the same manner. Ramoso-glomeratum, Moore. — A lovely dwarf form. Sti^jites ramose, producing several branches, which are again ramose from the very base of their lamina, branching out into several so much dilated divisions as to form rounded, dcnsely-crisi)ed, obtuse-looking tufts, with bluntly-crcnatcd margins. The fronds consisting of a scries of five or six of these dense glomerate frilled masses all brought together into one head. Found by ]\Ir. James in Guernsey. SC0I,01>ENI)KIUJr VUEGAKE. 313 Cacumene, Lowe. (Fig. 714.) — Length twelve inches, widest in the centre of the frond. The margin irregular, lobate and lacerate, the apex contracted and forming a head of narrow divergent lacerated flat branches. Found by Mr. W. Edwards, in Devonshire. Fig. 715. Lacertum, Loioe. (Fig. 715.) — Found at the Woodlands, near Whitby, by Mr. W. Willison, of Whitby, and called by him “The Lizard,” hence the adoption of Lacertum, from the fact that the apex of the frond frequently resembles the tail of the lizard, and the lobes bear some resemblance to the paddles of this reptile. The illustration is from Mr. MTllison. Folycuspis-angustum, Moore. — Raised from spores in 1803 by Messrs. Stansflcld, of the Vale Nursery, Todmorden. A VOL. Jl. 2 s SCO 1,0 1‘ EN DU I U M V U I,G A R E. ;3U dwarf Ffern, six inches long, not unlike the figure of ramosum, narrow and interrupted, with a compact, many-pointed, circular head, much lacerated on the margins. Crista-galli, Wollaston. — Found some years ago at Glan- ville’s Wootton, in Dorsetshire, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston, and more recently at Nettlecombe by Mr. Elworthy, at Malham by Mr. Stansfield, and on Whitbarrow by Mr. F. Clowes. Allied to multijidxim , but differing in the apex, being a com- plicated folding rather than a complicated dividing of its parts. Length of fronds twelve or fourteen inches and one and a half to two and a half inches broad, cordate at the base, more or less undulate below, the margin crenate, and the apex forming a compactly crispy tuft. Depauperatum, Wollaston. — Raised from spores by Mr. G. B. 'Wollaston. A remarkable form of digitatum curiously deformed, having instead of fronds little else than their mid- ribs, which form subulate points one to two inches long, which are simple, bifid, or multifid. Occasional large digitate fronds are produced. PoLYSCHiDES, Ray, {cmgustatum and angustifolium of gardens.) — A narrow-fronded form, known even as early as the time of Ray. More recently it has been found at Lismore, Bristol, Fareham, Edlington, Ilfracombe, and in Guernsey. Fronds narrow, strap-shaped, having numerous deep incisions on its margins; irregularly crenately-lobed, the base subtruncate. Sori irregular, short, and linear. Length of frond from six to twelve inches, width three quarters of an inch. 'V^ivo-POLYSCHiDE.s, ClapJiam, (foscundum, Sim.) — Raised from spores by Mr. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough. Remarkably proliferous when young, Mr. Clapham having counted as many as sixteen bulbilla) on a single young plant. Fronds narrow, irregularly sublobate, and crenately dentate. A form of polyscliides. Lineato-multieidum, Lotce. — Raised at Nettlecombe by Mr. C. Elworthy. Length of frond six to seven inches. Exceed- SCO LO r E N 1) K 1 U M V U L G A Rli . 315 ingly narrow, and fertile along the margin. The apex much branched, and the divisions very narrow. Fertile also along the margins of the branched portions. The margins inconspic- uously lacerate. CoxsTELLATUM, Lowe. (Fig. 716.) — Kaised by Mr. Glave, of Scarborough. Length six inches. The stem branching at the base, then twin-fronded an inch above the base, and these ramose; the lamina narrow and depauperate, and the apex densely crested. Detectum, Moore. — A dwarf form, the stijiites dividing in the upper half, and the branches re-dividing several times. Sori destitute of an indusium. liaised from spores by Mr. Elworthy. IIastatum, Moore. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. James, of Vauvert. Dwarf, from three to five inches in length. Frond narrow, broadest in the middle, the base sprcjading out into a pair of oblong, acute, divergent lobes more than an inch long and three eighths wide. The margin unequally crenato-lobat(', and the apex multifid. Suprasoriferous. There is a dwarii r 31G SCOI.Ol’EXDUIUM VULGAUE. form, broadest at the base, only slightly multifid, and less crenate. Found at Hazelwood, Sligo, by the llev. W. 11. Bailey. Fig. 717. Fig. 718. Tiarjeforme, Loxoe. (Fig. 717.) — Found in Devonshire. A large form. Length eighteen inches, width two inches and a half; thick, slightly crisped and distantly incised on the wavy margin; five inches below the apex branching into a turban-like multifid head. Sori large, bold, and abundant. A distinct variety. CoRONARE, Loxoe. (Fig. 718.) — Raised from spores at High- field Flouse. More or less oblong-ovate, base usually lobate on SCOLOPENDKIUM VULGARE. 317 one side only, slightly undulate near the margin, and crenate below the contracted part, where the costa divides into a nu- merously branched flat head, four inches across; the margins laciniate, Avith open sinuses. Length of frond nine inches. Fig. 719. CoNJUNGENDUM, Loioc. (Fig. 719.) — Fouiid in Devonshire by the Rev. F. jNIuIcs. A distant form, with fronds of thin substance. The stem forked near the base into twin fronds, narrow, nearly strap-shaped, with a smooth uncut margin, and a much-branched, leafy, multifid head, the extreme apices angular and pointed. Length thirteen inches, of which the basal four inches and a half is naked. Three inches below the apex branching, the width across the twin heads eight inches. 318 SCOLOPENDRIUM VUl.GARE. Sagittifolium, Wollaston. — Found at Littlehampton, Sussex, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; at Whitby by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough; Koche Abbey, Yorkshire, by Mr. S. Appleby; Freinington, Devonshire, by the late Mr. C. Jackson; and in the counties of Clare and JCerry by Dr. Allchin. Characteristic from the auricled portions of the base of the frond being elongated, each with a distinct midrib, and directed downwards as with the barbs of an arrow. In other respects more or less normal. Laceratum-dissectum, Moore. — Raised from spores by Mr. C. Elworthy, of Nettlecombe. Dwarf. Length of frond four to six inches. Fronds singularly dissected, sometimes flabellate, as broad as long, and divided down to the costa into three segments, each of which are profoundly divided into broad cuneate inciso-dentate segments. Sori produced on the margins of the sinuses. Lacerato-elegans, Moore. — Raised from spores by Mr. W . "WiUison, of Whitby. A singular form. The fronds forming an irregular mass six inches in length and four inches in width. The fronds are divided irregularly quite to the costa into several divisions, which are again profoundly cleft-lobed, dilated, and crispy at the apices. Limeospermum, Moore. — Found near Nettlecombe by Mr. C. Elworthy. A singular form, with coriaceous fronds. Length eight or ten inches, and one inch and a half wide near the base, narrowing to the apex, and becoming forked slightly below the point, with the branches forked at their tips. Base usually subtruncate. The margins slightly irregular, with pro- jecting lobes pointing forwards. Obscurely dentate. The sori very short, and often dot-like, and situated on the extreme edge, forming an irregular, narrow, marginal line. Slightly suprasoriferous. An illustration is unnecessary. Marginato-cornutum, Moore. — Raised from spores both by Mv. Wollaston and the late Mr. C. Jackson. Fronds from three to six inches in length. Base subtruncate, narrowish, oblong, apex blunt and rounded, the margin numerously lobed, the 319 SCO 1.0 1’KK 1) lUU M V I! 1 .G A U E . lobes uavvow. The under side of the frond has an excurrent soriferous niembrane, and the costa terminates in a horn. Fig. 720. Fig. 721. CoRNUTO-LACERATUM, MonJcman. (Fig. 720.) — A dwarf lac- eratum, which is cornute. Length five inches, one half being the stipes. The illustration is from Mr. Monkman. Latum, Lowe. (Fig. 721.) — Length twelve inches, width four inches. Slightly crisped, outline irregular, near the ajiex naked to the costa, apex of the costa cornute. This differs from latifolium, the latter variety being thirteen inches long, and nearly five inches wide, with spore-cases as much as two inches in length. SiNUATUM, Wollaston. — Found at Ilfracombe by the Rev. J. M. Chanter; at Nettlccombe by Mr. C. Elworthy; Littlchampton by Mr. G. 13. Wollaston; Ashdalc, near Hclmslcy, and Moughton, 320 SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGAUE. near Settle, by Mr. A. Clapbain; Kirkham Abbey, Oklstead, and Malton by Mr. C. Monkman; Whitbarrow by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; Ruthin by Mr. T. Pritchard; and Guernsey by Mr. J. James and the late Mr. C. Jackson. Large growing and irregular. In some the margin is sinuated with, irregular-sized lobe-like projections. Sometimes irregular portions contracted with brief teeth or shallow lobes, and sometimes with large oblong projections. The contracted parts are occasionally crisped. The base, apex, or one side only of the frond occa- sionally altered. The base mostly imperfectly developed; the apex attenuate and occasionally multifid. All the fronds differ from each other. Sori normal. Length of frond eighteen inches, width in the lower portion from a half to three quarters of an inch, in the upper half one inch and a half. Sagittato-lobatum, Moore. — Found at the Woodlands near Whitby by Mr. W. Willison. Differing from sagittato-cristatum in having longer and more acute basal lobes, directed down- wards. The apex branching into a tuft of flat acute segments, below which the margin is crenate-lobate. Lacerato-ramosu-M, Moore. — Raised from spores by Mr. Elworthy, of Nettlecombe. A i^yginy form, with fronds two inches in length and two inches in width. Stipites two or three- branched, and each branch multifidly forked, the ultimate divisions blunt and dentate. Slightly marginate beneath. Another similar form, but more flabellate, has been also raised by Mr. Elworthy. Striatum, Moore. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. James, of Vauvert, and more recently at Barnstaple and at Littlehampton. Fronds broad, sublanceolate, indistinctly crenatc, and to some extent undulate. The peculiarity being obliquely streaked with yellowish green on a deep green, giving a striated appearance. Perafero-cornutum, Moore. — Raised from spores in 1857 by Mr. James, of Vauvert. Dwarf. Fronds three inches high, including the stipites, cordate at the base, slightly undulate, rounded and retusely bi-lobcd at the apex. At the base of the apical cleft the costa is cxcurrent and horned, and around SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGAllE. 321 the lower portion of the horn, on the under side of the frond, is a frilled funnel-shaped cup three quarters of an inch in diameter. Sagittatum, AUcJiin. (Fig. 722.) — Found at Tiverton by the Rev. C. Padley. Length twelve inches, broadest in the centre. Sagittate, the apex blunt-pointed, pointed lobes at the base, and the margin irregular from the cons^^icuous pointed lobes, which project beyond the general outline. The general outline of the frond somewhat resembling a Roman sword. My thanks are due to the Rev. C. Padley for fronds. Grandiceps, Lowe. (Fig. 723.) — A large-growing form, branching in the centre of the frond, where the costa is VOL. II. 2 T 323 SCOLOI’ENDUIUM VDLGAKE. cornute, into a large and a small much-branched very leafy double head. Its origin is obscure. Fig. 724. Glomerato-vakiabile, Monkman. (Fig. 724.) — Raised from spores by Mr. Stansfield, of Todmorden, and now in the possession of Mr. Monkman, of IMalton. Length sixteen inches, of which the basal six inches is naked. Varying in width across the head from six to ten inches. No two fronds alike. Some- times a shnple frond, others a bifid, others closely resembling glomeratum in whole or in part, sometimes half the division will be like glomeratum, and the other repeatedly branched, with normal-looking divisions. The illustration is from Mr. IMonkman. Fallax, Moore. — Found at Ottery St. Mary, Devonshire, by Mr. G. 13. M^ollaston. Dwarf. Fronds somewhat wavy, the SCOLOPENDllIUM VULGAllE. 323 ■whole surface having a dull mealy appearance, roughish and lustreless, being discoloured in streaks. Fig 725. Fig. 72C. Muricatum-tenue, Padloy. (Fig. 725.) — Found in Devon- shire by the Rev. C. Padley. Length nine inches, of which the lower six inches is the naked stem, then narrow, lacerated, muricate, crisped, and supra-marginate near the edge, higher up the lamina expanding beyond the marginate belt for a short distance and then terminating. The apex contracting, lacerate, muricate, and supra-marginate. Fronds irregular in form. I am indebted to Mr. Edwards, of Nuthall, for a plant. Peecomenon, Lowe. (Fig. 726.) — Raised from siDores in the Fernery at Ilighficld House. Length of frond six inches. Twin-fronded, irregularly branching, the outline very irregular, and usually broadly bidentatc. r>.\TO-MUi,TiFiDUM, Moovc. — Found at Wood Plumpton, near Pristol, by Mr. Stansfield. I;Cngth of frond six or seven inclu's, 324 SCOLOPENDKIUM VULGARE. widtli two inches and a half in the basal normal portion. The apex more or less repand, and multifidly divided into numerous segments. Elegans, Moore. — Found at Castle Howard, Yorkshire, by Mr. C. Monkman, of Malton. Length of frond nine inches, with a stipes of five inches. Fronds narrowish, but irregular in width, occasionally with prominent lobes, usually wavy in outline, with a crenate- dentate margin, which is minutely crisped. PoLYSCHiDES-PYGMCEUM, Moove. — Raised from spores by Mr. Claj)ham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough. Undulate, occa- sionally furcate at the apex. Base of frond truncate or cordate, and the fi’ond irregularly contracted. Fronds only two or three inches high. Sagittato-crispum, Moore. — Found at Petersfield, Hamp- shire, and at Ottery St. Mary, Devonshire, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston, and at Barnstaple by the late Mr. C. Jackson. Large-growing and handsome. Length of frond twelve to fourteen inches, width three inches. Much undulated and crenately-lobed, the base elongated into a pair of aeute lobes, combining the characters of sagittifolium and crispum. Copiously soriferous. Sagittato-laceratum, Moore. — Found near MTiitby by IMr. J. Willison. Dwarf. Fronds much frilled, having arrow-shaped basal lobes and a dilated apex. The divisions of the frilled margins lacerate, the lobes being longish and acute. Crispum-irregulare, Moore. — A garden variety, curiously lobate, the fronds having tlxree or four reniform lobes at the base, the margin here and there profoundly divided and irregular, some parts laciniate, and there submarginate. Fronds frequently dwarf, and occasionally cornutc, with a blunt terminal lobe. Undulato-projectum, Moore. — Found at Mulgrave Castle, Yorkshire, by Messrs. Stansfield, of 'J'odmorden. Curious, broad, somewhat undulated form, with cordate base, remarkable for the production of distant, projecting, pointed, marginal SCOLOPENDKIUM VULGARE. 325 lobes, half an inch or more in length, and sometimes split into three or four linear tooth-like divisions. Fig. 727. Fig. 728. Clapiiamii, Moore. (Fig. ’727.) — Found at Grassington, Wharfedale, Yorkshire, in 1857. Fronds fifteen inches long and two inches broad; at the base a pair of narrow acute lobes; margin crisped and irregularly sub-laciniate, the apex multifidly branched, and the branches multifid. My thanks are due to Mr. Clapham for a plant. Alto-lobatum, Lowe. (Fig. 728.) — Length ten inches, of which one half is the naked stem; width two inches, nearly equal throughout the frond, ending abruptly and cornute; deej)ly lobatc. The illustration is from the Rev. C. Padley. 326 SCOI.OPENDIUUM VULGARE. Stephanotes, Loioe. (Fig. 729.) — Raised from spores at Highfield House. Length of frond three inches. Twin-fronded. In some respects resembling ramo-jiroliferum, differing in the more leafy character of all its parts. Palmatum-marginatum, Willison. (Fig. 730.) — A dwarf tri- angular frond havmg a blunt apex, leafy with a lacerated margin. Jjcngth two inches and a half. Raised from spores by Mr. AVillison, and a similar one by Mr. Elworthy. Projectum, Moore. (Fig. 731.) — Found at Ilfracombe by Mr. J. Dadds; Nettlecombe, by Mr. C. Elworthy; Kendal, by Mr. J. Crossfield; Newick, by Mr. Sclater; Tenby, by Mr. Bloxam; and Scarborough, by Mr. Stansfield. Large, growing nearly two feet in length, and two inches and a quarter wide, except across the projecting lobes, where four inches. Base cordate or sub-sagittate ; margin jjlain below and undulate above, narrowing to the base ; apex attenuate. The peculiarity consists in the broadish, acute, pointed lobes, which here and there project an inch beyond the general outline of the frond. These projections are confined to the upper half of the frond. The illustration is from Mr. C. Elworthy. PoLYMORPHON, Lowc. (Fig. 732.) — Found in Devonshire by the Rev. C. Padley. Length sixteen or seventeen inches. Lobate on one side of the base only, increasing in width to Fig. 729. Fig. 730. SCO L 0 1‘ E N 1) R I U M "vai C G A R V. . 321 Fig. 731. Fig. 732. SCO LO P E N I) K I U M V U LG ARE . S2S the centre of the frond, -where two inches and three quarters wide. Two inches and a half below the apex the costa dividing and forming a compact, multifid, leafy head, six inches wide, composed of leafy angular-pointed segments. Soriferous only on the multifid portion. The illustration is from the Rev. C. Padley. Fig 733. Fig. 734. Undulato-varians. (Fig. 733.) — Normal in size. Undulate but variable in form, sometimes depauperated, leaving wide open spaces to the costa, at others deeply and irregularly cut. Base and apex also variable. Length nine inches. Dactyloton, Loioe. (Fig. 734.) — Raised from spores by Mr. R. Edwards, of Nuthall. Length twelve inches, of which the J 1 1 SCOLOPENDHIUM VUL(:'.AEE, Var. Suprasonferuoi. LVl S. VULGARB, Var. Conbactum. t •V - ■: ?).■*:' * ” 1 •i ■>. ■ ■ ,\ .A. •_(. •• . > tA ■■■ . .A‘ k ... SCO COl’EN mUUM VIM.O A UK. 3529 basal two inches and a half is naked, lamina somewhat narrow, strap-shaped and with a smooth margin, three inches from* the apex branching into half a dozen digitate branches each as wide as the other parts of the frond, and their margins regularly crenate, their tips minutely crested, having an oak-leaf character. SuPRASOUiFERUM, Loioc. (Plate LVI — A.) — A form of the variety crenato-lobatum of Moore. Crenately lobed on the margin, bearing sori on the upper as well as on the under surface of the frond; below the sori bold. Crenately lobed. Fronds broad. Length twelve or more inches, breadth from one to two inches. Forms of this Fern have been found in many places in Great Britain. My thanks are due to Mr. Stansfield, of Todmorden, for fronds. CoNTRACTUM, WoUaston. (Plate LVI — B.) — Found in Clare, Ireland, by Dr. Allchin, in Guernsey by the late Mr. C. Jackson, at Smeerset by Mr. A. Clapham, at Nettlecombe by Mr. C. Elworthy, and at Ruthin by Mr. Pritchard. Length of frond six to ten inches, cordate at the base, and normal in the lower part, the apex being densely flabellate-multifid-crisped. Just below the multifid apex the frond is distinctly contracted to one half the breadth, and having in this part a ridged appear- ance. The apex is somewhat submarginate. Sori in the crenatures, slightly suprasoriferous, as well as on the under side of the frond. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden, for fronds. Cristato-digitatum, Sim. — Length six to fourteen inches. Simple or twin-branched fronds, terminating in circular flattish elegant crests, undivided except on its margin, and there very crispy dentate. Fissum-resectum, Stansfield. — Found in North Lancashire. A form of fissum, wanting the bssal lobes, which are as if cut off upwards. CoNTORQUERE, Loioe. (Fig. 735.) — Found at Ilfracombe by Mr. Dadds. Length five inches, width from a quarter to three quarters of an inch. A singularly distorted form, the VOL. II. 2 U 380 SCOhOl'ENDlUUM VUl.GAllE. costa branching in the centre at right angles both right and left. * Interruptedly inarginate, partially lobate, and closely serrate on the margins. The illustration is from the Rev. C. Padley, of Beaconfield, Plymouth. V SuPBALiNEATO-coRNUTUM, Claiihatn. (Fig. 736.) — Raised from spores by Mr. A. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough. A supralineate form with a cornute costa. My thanks are due to Mr. Clapham, for fronds. Carinatum, Applehy. — Fronds keeled, and beautifully wavy. I have not seen this form. Foecundum, Appleby, — An elegant dwarf form, well crested and bearing little plants u23on its fronds. Marginato-fissile, Sim. — Length fourteen to eighteen inches, closely resembling fissile in the varying width, denta- tion and irregular lobing of the fronds, which have a skin-like SCOLOrENDRIUM VULGARE. 331 line beneath, following the irregularity of the margin as in submar ginatum, and almost as marginate as marginatum. Fig. 737. Ramoso-cuistatum, Moore. (Fig. 737.) — Raised from spores by Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough. A very handsome form. The fronds ramose, the apices of the branches multitid, the segments 332 SCO LOP K N DKI U M VOLGA RE . crested in a crisped manner. I am indebted to Mr. Clapham for fronds. Martynianum, Stansfield. — Found in 1863, in County Clare by Mr. A. Stansfield. Length ten inches, width scarcely an inch in the contracted basal half of the frond, and one inch and three quarters in the upper half. Stem lengthy, costa flexuose, the contracted portion fimbriate, the upper half normal on one margin, and irregularly lobate on the other. Apex pointed, dwarfer than laciniatum, and more deeply cut. INIy thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield for fronds. Angustato-marginatum, Wollaston. — Found at Craven, in Yorksliire, in 1861, by Mr. A. Stansfield. Length eleven inches, width three quarters of an inch. An interesting very narrow marginate form, the continuous line being near the margin on the under side. Crenulatum, Stansfield. — Found in many places. Length nine inches. Normal, except having a submarginal line, beyond which crenulate. Sori more or less oval, and situated along this line. Apex pointed. Fronds less, and narrower than the normal form. Alcicorne, Stansfield. — Raised from spores in 1858 by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Dwarf, undulate, stipes somewhat flexuose. Sometimes bifid, and having irregular horn-like projecting lobes near the apex, both along the margin and apex. Length seven inches. Fronds widening to the apex. Variegatum, Moore. (Figs. 738 and 740, and Plate LXIV.) — There are several forms of this Fern, one dwarf, and in the possession of Mr. Clapham, called variegatum- Clapliami, (see plate LXIV — B,) is sometimes beautifully variegated with white, but it is only subpermanent. The apex is dilate. Another dwarf form, called variegatum- WiUisonii, (see fig. 740,) is varie- gated with yellowish white, and only subpermanent: both these are from North Yorkshire. A third has been found by Mr. Elworthy, variegatmn-Elxvorthii, (see fig. 738,) is a handsome permanent variety of a narrow normal form, and much variegated. 333 SCOLOl’ KN 1) K 1 U M V U J.O A K E . Fig. 739 Fig. 7-10. ;334 scoi,opp;NmuuM vulgahe. Fissum-variegatum, Lowe. (Fig. 739.) — A handsome form, with fronds narrow at the base and wide near the apex, but becoming rapidly acute to the tip. It differs from Jissum, more especially in being variegated. Uncinatum, Moore. — Found in 1863 in County Clare by Mr. A. Stansfield. Length eleven inches, width two inches. Colour rich green. Frilled, like crispum. Apex round-pointed. Costa crooked, the basal lobes twisted in the way of a hook. Flavo-tinctum-papillosum, Clapham. — Somewhat broader and more irregular than papillosum. Rich green, tinged with yellow. Length nine inches, width from one inch to one inch and a half. Ibregulare-majus, Stansfield. — Found in 1861, in North Devon, by Mr. R. Moule. Not differing from irregular e except in being larger. Limbospermo-cristatum, Wollaston. — Raised at Vale Nur- sery from limliospermum, in 1863, by Messrs. Stansfield. Like the parent, except being irregularly crested. Lineare, Moore. — Found in North Lancashii'e, in 1863, by Mr. R. Preston. Fronds somewhat small, extremely narrow and attenuated. Sori situated near to, and sometimes on the margin of the frond. Margin ATUM-ACTJTTJM, Stansfield. — Found in North Lan- cashire. Less than marginatum, and acute. Multifidum-majus, Stansfield. — Found in Craven, York- shire; in North Devon; and in Ireland, by various persons. An unusually large normal form of mxdtifidum. Omnilacebum, Lowe. (Fig. 741.) — An elegant Fern raised from spores by Mr. Glave, of Scarborough. Length eighteen to twenty inches. Narrow, upright-growing, and lacerated almost SCOI.OPEXmUUM VUl-GARE. 335 to the costa, the lacerations soriferous along their margins and dentate at the apex. My thanks are due to Mr. Glave for a plant. Fig. 741.— Apex. Fig. 742. Fig. 743. Kkaspedoumenon, Lowe. (Fig. 742.) — A beautiful dwarf marginatum. Length eight inches, width from a quarter to half an inch, with an irregular dentate margin, the dentation variable, some linear, others club-shaped, and others bidentate. Colour a rich green. Widest at the base, and gradually tapering to an attenuated bifurcate apex. Raised from spores by Mr. Elworthy, of Nettlecombe. SiNUM, Loxoe. {rocilUforme, Radley, MSS.) (Fig. 743.) — An irregularly margined form, undulate, marginatc in the SCOl-OPENDHIUM VULGAHE. centre of the frond, where denticulate. The costa at the back of the frond terminating within the frond itself in a conspic- uous cup or pocket. Length eight inches, width one inch and three quarters. Length of the pocket one inch and a half, width nearly an inch, the margin being crisped. Found by Mr. Moly, of Hawkchurch, Dorsetshire. I am indebted to the Rev. C. Padley for fronds. Multifidum-resectum, Stansfield. — Raised from spores in 1862 by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Like multijidum, but wanting the broad lobes. Resected. SuPRALiNEATO-ANGUSTUM, Stansfield. — Found in North Devon by Mr. Lewis, of Ilfracombe. A medium-sized, supralineated form, with extremely narrow somewhat lacerated fronds. SUPRALINEATO-UNDOSUM, Stansfield. — Found in North Devon by Mr. J. Dadds, of Ilfracombe. Resembling supralmeato angustum, but having undulated fronds. PsEUDO-CooLiNGii, Loice. — Raised from bulbils on the fronds of Coolingii in the same manner as pseudo- Wardii was raised from Wardii, differing from pseudo- Wardii in having undulate fronds. I am indebted to Mr. Edwin Cooling, of Mile Ash Niu’sery, Derby, for a plant. Chel^frons, Wollaston. — Found at Chiselhurst by Mr. "VYollaston. Fronds very dwarf, from half an inch to four inches long, rarely more than two inches. Base subcordate, apex furcate in the shape of a crab’s claw. Lobes curving and overlapping. External margin smooth, internal dentate or crenate. Angustum, Moore. — A simple form, narrowing much to the base, and acute at the apex. Length eight inches, width three eighths of an inch at the base, and one inch in the broadest part. Sori narrow, regular, and extending from the base to the apex. I am indebted to Messrs. Stansfield for fronds. Found in County Clare in ^1863, by Mr. A. Stansfield. SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. 337 Hastulatum-majus, Moore. — Length fifteen inches, width at the base, where widest, three inches. Hastulatc ; costa flexuous j margin slightly lobate; thick-fronded and copiously soriferous; apex pointed. Fig. 744. CooLiNGii, Lowe. (Fig. 744.) — A very handsome dwarf variety, soon to be distributed by Mr. Edwin Cooling, of Derby. Its history is obscure, but the stock of this form has been purchased by Mr. Cooling, to whom I am indebted for a plant and fronds. Its nearest ally is Wardii, from which it differs in being wider spread and in the margins being only lobate. The stipes branches near the base, and the stems again branch within an inch of the base, and the lamina re-branches several times; the branches wavy and digitate, their numerous apices dilate, not crested, forming a perfect ball-like plant, and each frond also ball-like. Erect-growing, height from two to three inches, width across the fronds three inches. The fronds, like Wardii, are proliferous. , VOL. II. 2 X 338 SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. CoRYMBiEERUM-MAJUS, Ivery. — A dwarf form in which half the frond is occupied by the irregular formed, very leafy, scarcely ciit, multifid corymbiferous head. Length five inches, width across the head three inches. SuBMARGiNATO-DENTATUM, Moore. — Raised from spores by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Length three to six inches, width one inch to one inch and a half. Base cordate, margin sinuous and crenately-toothed, apex furcate or abrupt, frond variable. Irregulare-laciniatum, Loxoe. — Length eight inches, width two inches at the base, where it is widest, narrowing to an inch at the apex, which is flat and much cut. Upper half of frond much laciniated quite to the costa, depauperate, coriaceous, and deep green. Irregular-fronded. Found by Mr. Elworthy. Rigidum, Wollaston. — Found at Littlehampton by Mr. Wollaston. Stipites rigid and wire-like, costa stout. Length twelve inches, width two inches and a half. Base cordate, apex multifid with crispy segments, margins parallel and obscurely crenate or dentate. Sub-supralineate. Inciso-lobatum, Wollaston. — Found in North Devonshire, in 1861, by Mr. Dadds. Normal in size, being both incised and lobed. Capitatum, Lowe. — Found near Littleham, in Devonshire, by the Rev. C. Padley, of Beaconfield, Plymouth. A large- growing form, with a ci'imped margin, becoming flat near the rachis. The base lobate on one side only. The apex much branched, forming a compact multifid head. The illustration is from the Rev. C. Padley. Kalok, Lowe. — Found in North Wales by Mr. Clift, of Balsall Heath, near Birmingham. One of the suhmarginaUim group, irregularly narrowed, and having on the upper surface curious ridgy excrescences. The apex bifurcate. The fructi- fication is mostly suprasoriferous. The plant is now in my possession. SCOLOPENDllIUM VULGARE. 339 Minus, Moore. — A frilled form with a multifid frilled apex. Length fifteen inches. Fig. 746. Sagittato-projectum, Moore. (Fig. 745.) — Found in County Clare by Mr. Stansficld, and in North Wales by Mr. T. Staley. Length thirteen inches, width one inch and a half to two inches and a half. Somewhat undulate. Base sagittate, apex abruptly pointed. Beyond the outline of the frond are irregular, narrow, lacerated, sharp-pointed projections, some half an inch long, and of the same width at their base and apex. 340 SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGAUE. Marginato-papileosum, Moore. (Fig. 746.) — Erect. Length six to nine inches, breadth half an inch to three quarters of an inch, margined below. On the upper surface a double row of projecting fleshy points extends on either side the midrib. Padleyense, Lowe. (Fig. 747.) — Length two feet, width four inches ; undulate. A very broad large form, normal on one side the costa, interrupted on the other; on this side for two inches the lamina is absent, then for two inches half an inch wide, and here the veins are both branched and areolate, and the margin serrate ; above this of the normal width for a couple of inches, then again contracted as before for two inches, and then normal to the abrupt pointed apex. Sori narrow and confined to near the apex of the jfrond. Where uncontracted the margin of the frond is entire. Stipes six inches long. In the possession of the Rev. C. Padley, of Beaconfield, Plymouth. Bimarginato-cordatum, Moore. — Raised from spores by Mr. Elworthy, of Nettlecombe. A handsome constant form, of somewhat dwarf habit. Fronds broader than bimarginatum, a variety which it resembles in structure, but it produces a pair of broad, equal, cordate basal lobes. My thanks are due to Mr. Elworthy, of Nettlecombe; Mr. Clapham, of Scar- borough; and Mr. Monkman, of Malton, for plants. Lobatum, Deakin. — Found in Devonshire by Mr. W. Edwards, of Nuthall, Nottinghamshire. Narrow and lobate, and much cut. The base truncate, and the apex abrupt. The illustration is from a plant presented to me by Mr. Edwards. Supr ALINE ATO-TUBGiDUM, Moore. — Found in North Devon by Mr. R. Moule, in 1861. Length ten inches, width exceeding one inch and a half, deeply supralineate. Soriferous near the apex of the frond. Spore-cases small and near the margin. Differing from supralineatum in having turgid fronds. A dwarf form. Angustissimum, Moore. — Found by Mr. Hewitson in 1863, in North Lancashire. Of medium size, with very narrow fronds, which are somewhat reflexed on the edge. SCOLOPliNDIUUM VULOARE. 341 SupRASOUiFERo-DicHOTOMUM, Moore. — Raised from spores by ^iessrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden, in 1862. Dwarf, twin-stemmed, slightly undulated, costa branching and re-branching dichoto- mously. Suprasoriferous. Fronds narrow. Fig. 748. — Apex. Fig. 749.— Apex. Cristatum-Monkmanii, Monhman. (Fig. 748.) — Length eighteen inches, normal in form, except two inches below the apex, where laceratcly contracted, the apex terminating in a compact leafy crest. Copiously and conspicuously soriferous from the base to the apex. Crispum-cristatum, Lowe. (Fig. 749.) — Found in Devon- shire by the Rev. Charles Padley, of Beaconfield, Plymouth. This Fern differs from the normal form of crispum in being crested at the apex. It is normal in size, but rather darker in the green colour of the fronds. Sterile. 34J2 SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. Cheirophorum, Stansjield. — Found in 1863 in County Clare by Mr. A. Stansfield. Of medium size, broad fronds terminating in a branched head in the way of a hand spread out. Fissidens, Wollaston. — Found in North Devon. Fronds deeply cut, and narrower than jissum. Crispum-eertile, Stansjield. — Found in 1863 at Grange, in North Lancashire, by Mr. E. G. Wrigley. Length twenty-four inches, width one inch at the base, and two inches in the centre of the frond. A uniformly well-crisped form, the crispings crenulated, rich green, with a narrow apex, and very copiously and conspicuously soriferous, especially near the apex. My thanks are due to Messrs. Stansfield for a plant and fronds. PoLYCUSPis-TRANSVERSUM, Moove. — Raised from spores in 1862 by Messrs. Stansfield. Differing from polycuspis in having the terminal lobes crossing one another, as in transverso-lobatum, and in having more numerous points. Lineare-cristatum, Lowe. — The frond below the multifid apex resembles the same portion of the frond, fig. 6T4, whilst the apex is not unlike fig. 686. Fronds linear, and having a crested apex. Ramo-depaeperatum, Clapham. — Raised from spores by Mr. Clapham. Length seven inches, twin-branched at the base, width half an inch, depauperate, each terminating in a compact densely-crested head three inches across. Crispum-meltipidem, Loioe. — Length thirteen inches, width one inch and three quarters. Found in Devonshire by Miss Kitson. Fronds very much crisped, and narrowish at the base. The apex terminating in a compact, leafy, crisped head, three inches across. Difiering from crispum in being multifid. CoNJENCTEM, Moore. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. James. Fronds eight inches long, one inch and a half broad near the base. Dividing in middle of the frond, and these forked, with multifid apices; margins undulate; apical lobes twisted. SCOl.OPENDlUUM VULGARE. 343 Crenato-crispum, Monkman. — Found at Kirkham, near Malton, by Mr. C. Monkman. A large form, with fronds twelve inches long and two inches broad. Deeply divided into roundish lobes, the margin of the frond crisped, so that the lobes overlap. Fertile and distinct. PoLYDACTYLTJM, Stansfield. (Fig. 750.) — Eaised from spores in 1862, by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Dwarf and narrow. Length six inches, width scarcely exceeding half an inch, strap-shaped, thin, the costa multifid, forming a much-cut apex, (scarcely wider than the outline of the frond) of finger- like points. PoEYscHizoMENON, Lotoe. (Fig. 751.) — Raised from spores by Mr. El worthy, of Nettlecombe. Length twelve inches, normal 344 SCOLOPENWRIUM VULGARE. in the lower half of the frond, the costa branching in the centre, and again dividing into two or three lobes, the outer lobes more or less normal or irregular in outline, whilst the centre ones are deeply cut into bifid lobes, with open sinuses. Every- where conspicuously and copiously soriferous. CoMPLiCATUM, Wollaston. — Found at Chiselhurst, Kent, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston. Length six to twelve inches. Base cordate, apex simple or multifid, with twisted apical lobes. Costa occasionally transversely branched, margin irregularly crenate, undulate and laciniate-dentate. Sori numerous, narrow, and irregular. Dissimile, Wollaston. — Found at Grassington, Wharfedale, Yorkshire, by Mr. A. Clapham. Fronds very unlike, the lamina varying from two to eight inches. Broad, apex cordate, margin irregularly and deeply lobed. Sometimes irregularly contracted, fan-shaped, bireniform, etc. Very proliferous. Abruptum, Moore. — Found at Littlehampton by Mr. Wollas- ton, at Ilfracombe by Mr. Dadds, and in Guernsey by Mr. James. Fronds variable in size, from two to twelve inches. Base cordate, somewhat undulate. Apex broad and bluntly rounded, the rachis rarely reaching the apex. Crisp ATUM, Moore. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. James. Frond twelve inches long, and from one inch and a half to two inches and a half broad, base cordate, almost parallel- sided, very much curled, apex acute, abundantly fertile. CoNTORTUM, Moore. — Found at Nettlecombe by Mr. Elworthy. Length six inches. Base cordate, with a branch two inches long on either side, multifid at the apex, with curly segments ; margin nearly entire. Fronds six inches across the branches. Sparingly fertile. Singular from branching at right angles and from the contortion of the multifid points. Verticulijm, Lowe. — Found near Torquay by Miss Fanny Kitson, and communicated by Mr. Grey. Length twelve inches, slightly crisped, one inch and three quarters wide, eight inches SCO I,Or E N U lU U iM V U LG A II E . 345 above the base, the frond terminating abruptly at the full width as if eaten off; here there is a thickening of the costa, and then a portion of a second frond is as it were attached to its apex, singularly dejiauperate on one side, and normal on the Other. Apex pointed. Fig. 752. Gloverii, Stansjicld. (Fig. 752.) — A dwarf much-branched variety, somewhat resembling a diminutive form of glomeratum. The stem branching and re-branching, and the leafy portion branching and re-branching several times. Length four inches, and width four inches. The illustration is from Mr. Glover. Distortum-Jamesii, Lowe. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. .James. Fronds narrow, breadth half an inch, length eight or ten inches. Some fronds have the outline of gnarled oak leaves, sometimes branched in the middle; apex multifid, costa curving or flexuose, margin irregular, as if bitten off. Lamina interrupted, some grotesquely lobate. Coiiiously soriferous. This is distortum of Moore. Margin ATo-FURCANS, Lowe. — A dwarf marginato-dentate variety, with a pointed furcate apex. I^ength eight inches. VOL. II. 2 Y 34(3 SCOLOI’ENDIUUM VULGARE. Fi-Exuoso-MULTIFIDEM, Lowe. — Fouiicl at Plyinoutli in 1862, by Mr. H. Mapplebeck. Length twelve inches. Costa flexuose, the frond widening from the base upwards, terminating in a compact, close, multifid head, scarcely wider than the general outline of the frond, and giving it a horned appearance. SuBCORNUTUM-MARGiNATUM, Ivery. (Fig. 753.) — A subcornute dwarf form irregular and distorted in outline. Submarginate, with a dentate margin. Length four inches. CoRNUTO-suPERBUM, Lowe. (Fig. 754.) — Raised from spores by Mr. Elworthy, of Nettlecombe. A distinct form. Length six inches, of which five inches is the stem; the lamina oval, having a flattened base, erisped, with a regular dentate margin, the apex circular. The stem very scaly throughout, and the costa projecting from the lamina half an hich below the apex of the frond, and pointing outwards in a curve almost at right angles to the frond. Length of the horn from half an inch to an inch. Perangustum, Loioe. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. James. Length ten inches, width only a quarter of an inch, except the enlarged normal apex, where three quarters of an inch wide. Finely bidentate on the margins, except above the edges of the enlarged apex. # Fig. 753. Fig. 754. SCOLOrENUKlUM VULGARK. 347 Microgon, Moore. — Found in Ireland by Dr. Allchin. Length twelve inches, width one inch. Base cordate, undulate, suherenate, here and there dentate and suhmarginate. Apex multifid, with twisted lobes. Upper surface near the apex silicate. Fig. 755. Margix.vto-multiceps, Moore. (Fig. 755.) — A handsome form of marginatum, having a wide, much-branched, multifid apex. Length fourteen inches, width one inch, breadth of ajiex three inches. Copiously soriferous, except where multifid, and there sparingly so. The illustration is from Mr. Monkman. CuRTUM-CRiSTATUM, Lowe. — Length six inches. Like a large normal frond, suddenly contracted to the eosta imme- diately below a much .lacerated crested apex. Found in Devonshire by Mr. Edwards, of Nuthall. FnoseuLiFERiiM, Lowe. — F'ound in Devonshire by Mr. ^\^ Edwards, of Nuthall. Length eighteen inches. The lower half normal, in the centre of the frond split nearly to the costa on 348 SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. either side, with a wide open sinus, above this again normal. Five inches below the apex the costa becomes branched, and the apices of the divisions furcate. One lobe in each frond is circinate, wrapping round and round, and resembling a partially opening rose-bud. I am indebted to Mr. Edwards for a plant. ‘ Fig. 756. Fig. 757. Trtjncatum, Ivery. (Fig. 756.) — A truncate somewhat undulate form, with fronds seven inches long, and above three inches broad. Soriferous along the flat apex. Crenato-cristatum, Lowe. (Fig. 757.) — A form of crenatum, with the stipes branching two inches below the apex, and each branch being crested. Length fifteen inches, width one inch and a half, and two inches and a half across the head. The illustration is from Mr. Monkman. Lacerum, Sim. — Raised from spores by Mr. R. Sim, of Foot’s Cray. Branching like diyitahim, flabellately multifld, SCOLOPENDUIUM VULGAllE. 349 divisions inucli narrower, and often again si)lit into shreds, the irregularly-jagged edges of the segments marginate. Viviparous. Fig. 758. Fig. 759. Plicatum, Clapham. (Fig. 758.) — Raised from spores of fiam-tinctum by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough. Beautifully plicate and muricate. Length nine inches, width one inch and a half. Crisped on the margin and muricated in the middle of the fronds on either side the costa. Apex acuminate. SuPRALiNEATo-CRispuM, Lowe. (Fig. 759.) — A dwarf form. Fronds four inches in length, of which one half is the stipites. Outline irregular, and the margin minutely dentate, supra- lineate in an irregular line, close to and on either side of the costa, the fronds somewhat crisped. Marginato-convexum, Lowe. — Length fourteen inches. Interruptedly marginate, the margin irregularly lacerated, contracted for an inch in length in the centre of the frond, and more regularly lacerated above, forming prominent lobes, with a bidentate segment at the base of the sinuses. Remarkable 350 SCOLOrENDRlUM VULGARE. for the upper half of the frond being considerably convex above and concave beneath. Raised from spores by Mr. Elworthy, of Nettlecombe. Auratum, Lowe. — Fronds of two kinds. Length of the first usually six inches, naked, except the large aurate lobes above three inches in length, closely resembling elephants’ ears. Mai’gin smooth, coriaceous, undulate, and deep green. Disjjersed with these are large undulate fronds, somewhat ramose and here and there depauperate. Found in Devonshire by Mr. Edwards, of Nuthall. Ramoso-contractum, Moore. — Found by Mr. Jackson. A dwarf ramose form of contractum, similarly cristate and contracted. Jacksonii, Moore. — Found at Bideford, Devon, by the late Mr. C. Jackson. Length six or eight inches, irregularly contracted, but with unequal prominent lobes, like sinuatum, contractions crenate. Base subtruncate, apex irregularly branched, the branches with irregular margins, and terminating in a dense globular-cristate tassel. Fisso-muetifidum, Lowe. — Length twelve inches. An inter- esting form of Jissum, with an attenuated apex, terminating in a small multifid head. Vivo-MARGiNATUM, Clupliam. — Fronds two to four inches, very narrow, margin entire or distantly dentate, often mar- ginate, the apex multifid, segments dentate, sometimes with a scarcely margined costa. Raised from spores by Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough, and myself. Crispum-densum, Sim. — A dwarf, broad, densely-crisped form, with a much lacerated apex. Lonchophorum, Moore. (Fig. 760.) — Found in North Lan- cashire, in 1862, by Mr. R. Preston. A narrow strap-shaped form, eight or nine inches long, and a quarter to three eighths of an inch wide. Base cordate-lincate on the margin. SCO 1. C) r E N 1) U I U M V U I , G A U E . 351 Sori narrow, crowded, and soon confluent, running (j^uite up to or on the margin, and even forming a marginal supraso- riferous line. Apex trifld or bifld. Dark green. Fig. 7C0. Fig. 761. Fig. 762. Marginato-biforme, Monhman. (Fig. 761.) — A compound form, having coriaceous fronds of normal size, hut frequently snhmai-ginate, or supralincato. My thanks are due to Mr. Monkman for fronds. Fimnatifidum, Moore. (Fig. 762.) — Raised from sjiores by Mr. Elworthy. Length ten inches, width three quarters of an 352 SCOLOVBNDUIUM VULGATIE inch. Narrow at the base, gradually widening upwards, widest at the apex, where rounded, pinnatifid with deep oj)en sinuses, irregular in size and form. Mr. Clift, of Balsall Heath, has raised a large form of this, seventeen inches in length and one inch wide. PoLYMORPHUM, Wollastou. — Found in Sussex in 1854, by Mr. Wollaston. Fronds very polymorphous and very broad. Some lilce crenato-lobatum, with a large lateral branch; others like ahruphim, with an arrested branch; some with a separated basal lobe; others abbreviated, normal, multifid, ramose, or truncate. Cbispum-minus, Jackson. — Found in Guernsey by the late Mr. Jackson. Small, much curled. Fronds ten inches long, and one inch and a half broad. Base cordate and toothed, apex acute or sometimes multifid. Margins frilled, dentate, and nearly parallel-sided. Detectum- Jamesii, Lowe. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. James, of Vauvert. Fronds somewhat narrow, the margin crenate, the base truncately-cordate, the apex multifid, with flat, spreading, many-pointed segments. Sori small and naked, indusia imperfect, almost wanting. Fronds nine inches in length, exceedingly coriaceous, the venation obscure. Crispum-varians, Moore. — Found near Settle by Mr. A. Clapham. Broad and variable, sometimes crisped, and with a simple acute apex, sometimes truncate, sometimes multifid or ramose, and frilled; others very irregular and more undulate. Proliferous. CoMPOSiTUM, Moore. — Fronds twelve inches long. Base sagittately-lobed ; lower half and extreme apex crisped, upper portion marginate, with laciniatc teeth. A singular composite form. Flabellatum-cornutum, Loxoe. — Length of frond eleven inches, of which the basal three inches is the stipes. Narrow. Five inches below the apex the midrib dividing in a forked SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. 353 manner, into two much-branched, very leafy heads, five inches in width, contracted above the forking, and between the forks cornute. Fig. 763. Fig. 764. Papilloso-irregulare, Monhnan. (Fig. 763.) — This form also producing the series of wart-like excrescences on the upper surface. The fronds lobate at the base, then depau- perate to the centre of the frond, the leafy portion all but wanting. General outline of the upper surface almost normal and slightly undulate, papillose and muricated. Width one inch and a quarter in the upper half, and only a quarter of an inch in the basal half. Length fourteen inches. The illustration is from Mr. Monkman. Corrugato-cristatum, Ivory. (Fig. 764.) — A dwarf form with a multifid-crested apex. Sori copious. Corrugated. Length VOL. II. 2 Z 354 SCOLOPENDKIUM VULGARE. •six inches. I am indebted to iNlessrs. Ivery, of Dorking, for fronds Fig. 765. Fig. 766. Fig. 767. ScALETURATO-LATUM, Moore. (Fig. 765.) — A form of scalp- turatum, wider, and undulate, muricate, and multifid at the apex. Aduncum, Moore. (Fig. 766.) — Fronds crooked. Length ten inches, width three quarters of an inch to one inch. Outline irregular, conspicuously lohate, the sori narrow and continued to the base of each lobe. Apex bifurcate. CoRRUGATO-FissuM, Stcmsfidcl. (Fig. 767.) — Upright. Length twelve to eighteen inches, width nearly an inch. iMarginate below, channeled and corrugated in cross lines above; margin dee])ly cut, giving a pinnatifid appearance. SCOLOrENimiUM VULGARE. 355 SuPRALiNEATO-LATUM, Moore. — Length fourteen inches, width in centre, where widest, three inches and a half. Interruptedly supralineate on the margin, where irregularly lobate and dentate. Apex pointed. A broad handsome frond, copiously soriferous. Found by Mr. Elworthy. Fig. 7G8. MALCOMSONiiE, Stansfidd. (Fig. 768.) — Found at Clonmel by i\Iiss Malcomson. A handsome form, the lamina branching at the base; otherwise almost normal, copiously soriferous. Two inches below the apex branching into a large nearly circular head, and near the apex of each tip narrowing, and then expanding into a large dense hand-like head, with narrow lacerations. Length thirteen inches, width across each multifid head three to four inches. 'J'he illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield. Marginato-corrugatum, Moore. — Upright, narrow, fleshy, margined beneath, the upper surface laterally divided into deeply corrugated lines. 356 SCOLOrENDlUUM VULOAHE. Tortum, Moore. — Found in Guernsey by Mr. James. Length eight inches, breadth one inch and a half, slightly broadest in the middle. Base cordate, apex multifid, crisped. Margins finely undulated with minute, twisted, projecting, pointed lobes. Fig. 769. Lato-digitatum, Stansjield. (Fig. 769.) — Raised from spores in 1862, by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Length eight inches, width one inch and tliree quarters, normal below, the costa branching four inches from the base into a wide digitate head nearly six inches broad, solid and leafy, with an irreg- ularly not much cut apical margin. The illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield. Dareoides, Wollaston. (See page 296.)^A very good form. Much depauperated, little more than the costa, and conspicuous, distant teeth remaining, except a more leafy portion on one SC0J,0PENDH1UM VULGAHE. 357 side of the apex; copiously soriferous at the base of the teeth and at the apex. I am indebted to Mr. G. B. Wollaston for the illustration. Fig. 770. Pig. 771. Cervi-cornu, Moore. (Fig. 770.) — A distinct form, seven inches long, and half an inch wide, branching in the middle, and re-branching several times like stags’ horns. A membrane runs midway from the margin and costa, along which the small oval spore-cases are situated. Exterior to this line crenate-lobate, the margins being minutely and densely den- ticulate. Width across the apex four inches. The illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield. Marginato-coronatum, Moore. (Fig. 771.) — Resembling marginatum, and in addition having the margin of the frond cut into small rounded lobes in the same manner as in macro- sorum, and the apex developed into a spreading curly head of pointed segments, resembling a coronet. 358 SCOLOPBNDKIUM VULGARE. Albescens, Moore. — Dwarfish, somewhat narrow, almost white above, and deep green beneath. A distinct form in Messrs. Stansfield’s collection. Fig. 772. CoNGREGATCM, Lowe. (Fig. 772.) — A large-growing multifid variety. The stem twin-branched near the base, then naked for three inches, an inch above this branching from the costa on one side and re-branching, the apex cxi^anding into a large, multifid, crisped, narrowly-lacerated, compact, bushy head. Crisp ATUM-VARIANS, Moore. — Found in the Isle of Wight by SCO] ,0 P P:N 1) K I U M V U LG A HE . 359 Ml'. R. Bloxam. Length ten inches, breadth one inch and a lialf, lobate and unequal at the base, margin undulate and dentate, apex dilate. Autumn fronds three inches broad, and with small projeeting laeerate lobes. Fertile. CoRYMBiFERUM, Loioe. (Fig. 773.) — A branched form, remarkable for the smooth rounded manner in which the corymbose heads terminate. Height six inches. CoRRUGATUM, Wollaston. — Found by Mr. Hillman near the Devil’s Punch Bowl, Hindhead, Surrey. Length fourteen inches, width two inches. Base cordate, apex attenuate, margins corrugate and sinuately-lobed. Fertile. Crispum, Gray. — A barren form with elegant frilled fronds of normal size. Found in Guernsey by Mr. James, Barnstaple by Mr. Jackson, Byland Abbey by Mr. Monkman, Furness Abbey by Mr. A. Stansfield. One of the oldest known varieties, the base cordate, and the basal lobes unusually large, and overlap. Crispum-bulbiferum, Stmisjield. — Rather broader than crisptim, especially below, shining rich green in colour, occasionally slightly fringed on the margin, and is bulbiferous. Fig. 773. 360 SCOLOPKNDRIUM VULGARE. Digitatum-nanum, Stansfield. — A form of digitatum. permanently dwarf desirable Fig. 775. CoLUMNARE, Clapliam 3ISS. (Fig. 774.) — Raised from spores by Mr. A. Clapbam, of Scarborough. Slender, six to eight inches long, and not a quarter of an inch wide; linear and irregularly and remotely lobate-dentate ; apex branching, the margins of the ramifications also dentate. I am indebted to Mr. Clapham for fronds. Keratoides, Lowe. ( Acrocladon, Clapham.) (Fig. 775.) — One of the most interesting varieties yet in cultivation. Length nine inches, width from an eighth to a quarter of an inch, irregularly lacerate, and with the sori marginal. The stipes branching three inches above the base, and then re-branching two or three times, all the parts of the frond being narrow and irregularly lacerate; width across the multifid apex four inches, the divisions being narrow, irregular, and very stag’s- horn like, hence the name. Raised from spores by Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough. i SCOLOl’ENDlllUM VULGAHE. ;k> I P()i,Ycusns-UNDOSUM, Moore. (Fig. 776.) — Described at page 308. Poi.Ycuspis-ANGUSTUM, Moore. (Fig. 777.) — A very inter- esting form of jwlycusjns, with narrow irregular -margined fronds, and a mueh-branched apex having lacerate tips. VOL. II. 3 A ^(>;2 S(;()I,()1*KN DKIUM VT' 1,(; AUK. Muckonatum, Wilkhmow. — A sterile form raised by Mr. C'lapham. Dwarf, base subcordate, apex blunt, margin undulate and denticulate, and costa cornute. ScALrTURATO-LOBATUM, Moore. — Found at Nettlccombc by Mr. Elworthy, and at E.xeter by Mr. li. .J. Gray. A scalpturatnm multifidly lobed. Hamo-marginatum, Clapham. (Fig. 778.) — True form. See Plate LI. This magnificent variety, for which we are indebted to Mr. A. Clapham, of Ramsdale Bank, Scarborough, has been described on page 245. It has so much improved in its ramose character in the last two seasons, that it has been thought desirable to give an additional figure of a frond, though it has been found necessary to give the illustration on a much reduced scale. The following varieties I have been unable to procure and therefore they will be deferred to a supplement. Bisagittatum, Moore. Chelsefrons-inajus, Wollaston. Confertum, Sim. Denticnlatnm, Moure. Discolor, Wollaston. Driimmondice, Moore. Hilmanii, Williams. Imbossum, Moore. Infralineatum, Williams. Iveryanum, Ivery. Laceratum-elegans, Moore. Laciniatum-Wollastonii, of Mr. Ivery’s Catalogue. Longipes, Moore. Maculosum, Moore. Maineanum, Moore. Marginatum-abruptum, of Messrs. Stansfield’s Catalogue. Multifidum-crispum. Naviculaeforme, Wollttston. Officinarum-serratum, of Mr. Ivery’s Catalogue. Pacbypbyllum, of Mr. P. H. Fraser’s Catalogue. Polyscbides-cornutum, of Mr. P. ISl. Fraser’s Catalogue. Polyscbides-undosum, of Mr. P. X. Fraser’s Catalogue. Puinilum, of Mr. P. N. Fraser’s Catalogue. Polyphyllum, Wollaslo^i. PyguuBum, of Mr. P. N. Fraser’s Catalogue. Pallescens, Moore. Pbyllocblsena, Moore. Polycuspis-irregulare, Moore. Projecto-multifidum, Moore. Ramosum-minus, of Mr. P. N. Fraser’s Catalogue. Ramosum-Wollastonii, of Mr. P. N. Fraser’s Catalogue. Sagittato-multifidum, of Mr. Ivery’s Catalogue. Sagittato-cristatum, Wollaston, (not Glapham.) Scalpturato-latum, Moore. Serratifolium, of Mr. Ivery’s Cata- logue. Submarginato-certosum, Glapham. Supralineato-fimbriatum, Moore. Sinuato-variegatum, of Mr. P. N. Fraser’s Catalogue. Staleyi, of Mr. P. N. Fraser’s Cata- logue. Subcoufluens, of Mr. P. N. Fraser’s Catalogue. Submarginatum-projectum, of Mr. P. N. Fraser’s Catalogue. Trilobatum, of Mr. P. N. Fraser's Catalogue. Weaveri, Moore. ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO SCOLOPENDRIUMS. PAGE Abriiptiim, Moore . . 34*/» O I () ordinary form, originally found in Ireland, and now growing luxuriously on the rockery of ]\Ir. A. A^hsc, of \A'oodcote, near Warwick. Fronds branching, multifid at the aj)cx, and now and then crested also. Pinnpe variable in size and form, some pinnatifidly or even pinnately branching. A large-growing variety. The illustrations are from Mr. M^ise. ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF CETERACH OFFICINARUM. PAGE PAGE Cronatum, Moore 373 Eamoso-cristatum, Lo7ee . 375 Depauperatum, Wollaston . 374 Ramosum, Moore 373 Kalon, Lotoe 374 Variabile, Lowe . 374 Minimum, Loive . 373 1, OMARI A. 377 GKNUS’X. LOMARIA. WiRRDKXow. I'roxds simple, pinnatifid or pinnate; the fertile fronds contracted. Sori submarginal or contracted, linear and indiisiate, the indusium suhintrainarginal. The fertile fronds always contracted. Moore, Bentham, Swartz, Schkuhr, Mettenius, and others, have considered the British Fern about to be described as a Blechman, and the sori when young closely agrees with Blechnum; yet I agree with the late Sir W. J. Hooker, that the habit and dimorphous fronds are so characteristic of Lomaria, as to make it imperative to place oui’ “Hard Fern” in the genus Lomaria. There is so great an affinity between Blechnum and Lomaria that Sclilechtendal has united the two genera, and his views have been adopted by other able pteridologists. Sir W. J. Hooker, in his “Species Filicum,” enumerates fifty-five species as Lomaria, and forty as Blechnum. A large family, hut only one species a native of Great Britain. 8 0 VOL. II. ^_P'-* ., ^4. ' , :^ ,. .'tT* W^. ' ^_* ^ 1^, • Cj " ;%r ‘i:^'}.^:^ %■"-- ' , *’ ' t- r ■>^-''ir. V- !:;“«. 4 '-' ■:i>' ■■ ^ # *> ‘ ' n - V * «,-• r • ^ • rf , W* - ¥ . C . \ ;■ • :*♦;...' ttt<''t5^. ..t^**) ,. tTii \’>.^ ., ;*■ '»•* *f-p~* l*‘r ¥' ^ ^ , |t. :ti ^Vii(* Al' ' A V't ! •*« - -V <• j ^kI^Aki ^ * >:> *n’»^ -*>’ m ni - -'- -'■ • Ji ;' . . - ^ -.4 i_.;- ....-* A ..ltd .^•li Vt fv/wd* *V‘^A» r i»ve . a«vVM *^!.U' ■Ml.® *'^ ^’-^^ '*9^* 4 »'-■■' 'j? -'* ■‘^ - ■ ■•iy‘'_^^yj' ;ii' .A r ««l'L . ‘ - r-- ■ 5 < *i* i. i I ^ ‘"i ' V' .‘7 ^ ^ k . •ii -'ti* i f ■'Y^‘ •3^ % ,i < \/. jr. f i ;■ :i B L E C II N ,U Li S P I C A K T. Bai'i'cn aiid I'crtilc I'rouds. LVIU Fig. 785.— Portion of mature sterile Frond, under side. LOMARIA SPICANT. Desvaux. The Hard Fern. PLATES LVIII, LIX, AND LX. Lomaria epicant, (t U a (( a (( “ crenata, “ horealie, Bleclinam spicant, (• (t it (( “ horeale, it ii it n “ heterophyllum, “ apicans, Osmunda hoi-ealis, “ spicant, Onoclea epicant, Asplenium epicant, tdtrathiapicria epicant. Desvaux. Sprengel. Link. Fee. Rupbecht. Pbesl. Pappe and Rawson. Newman. Deakin. Hooker. E. J. Lowe. Kunze. J. Smith. Brakenbiege. Pbesl. Spbengel. (The variety crenatum.) Link. Smith. Withering. Roth. Koch. Fries. Ledeboub. Moore. Newman. Bentham. N YMAN. OaVANILLES. Swartz. Smith. Gray. Hooker and Arnott. Mackay. Babington. Soaverby, Schkuur. Sturm. WiLLDENOW. MeTTENIUS. ScHLECHTENDAL. OpHIZ. {Not of SciILECHTENDAL.) Wollaston. Salisbury. LiNNHius. Lightfoot. Bolton. Curtis. Poiret. Hoff.mann. Bebnhardi. Weis. Scopoli. Allioni 380 I.OMAHIA SPK.'ANT. Acrosticliuni sjncant, “ nemornle, Stegania horealis, Sp leant a horealis, Acrostlchum lineatum, Yillaus. Sibthorp. Roth. Lamarck. R. Brown. Presl. Cavanilles. Swartz. Desvaux. Willdenow- (Variety crenatnm.) Lomaria — From loma. a fringe, relating to the indusium. Spi cant — Spiked. Two kinds of fronds. — Sterile from six to twenty inches long, and one to two inches broad, spreading or flat, coriaceous, deep green, linear -lanceolate, pectinately-pinnatifid, segments linear- oblong and curved, base dilate and confluent, apex blunt or acute, margins entire. Fertile erect, length twelve to thirty inches, growing in a mass in the centre of the plant. Pinnate below, segments linear-acute, only half the width of the fertile fronds, distant below, approximate upwards. Caudex stout, tufted, and with narrow tawny-brown scales. Venation circinate. Stipes of sterile frond from one to five inches in length, and dark purplish brown. Pachis channeled in front, rounded behind. Stipes of fertile frond from five to ten inches long, and dark purple. Fertile on the whole under surface. Sori indusiate, linear, and extending on either side the costa the whole length of the segment. Confluent. One of the commonest of British Ferns, growing from the sea-level to four thousand feet altitude, in rough heathy or stony places, or in shady banks and woods where moist. Localities too numerous to enumerate. Found throughout Europe, also in Madeira, Canary, Teneriffe, Azores, Cape of Good Flope, Northern Africa, Chili, Australia, Japan, and in North-west America. A beautiful species, easily cultivated, preferring a north aspect and a moist soil. There are a number of curious varieties: — GiiACiLE, Lowe, {gracilis of Stansficld.) — Found at Harley- v/ood Slack by I\Ir. Stansfleld. Smaller than the normal form, A'cry slender, the lobes distant and somewhat contracted. I.OMAKIA Sl’It'ANT. SHI Stkicta, Loire, {nhictmn of I’nuicis.) a<'ig. 78{).)— Foiuid LOMARIA SPICANT. 3H2 in Westmorland by Miss Beevcr; near Black Holme, Winder- mere, by Mr. F. Clowes; in Ireland by Dr. Allcbin; Vale of Todmorden and near Llanrwst by Mr. A. Stansfield; and near Halifax. Sterile fronds lanceolate, more narrowed towards the base than the apex. Length six to nine inches. Segments distant, linear-obtuse, with dilated base, the lower ones rounded. Margins irregularly crenate-dentate, and recurved. Fertile fronds twelve to eighteen inches, with very narrow segments. Padleyense, Loxoe. (Fig. 787.) — A remarkable form, found at Exmouth by the Rev. Charles Padley, of Beaconfield, Plymouth. Length twelve inches. The basal seven inches and a half simply winged linearly, being only one eighth of an inch wide, above which suddenly above one inch and a half wide, the pinnae being attached, as it were, to the exterior of this wing, serrated with a rounded end. The illustration is from the Rev. C. Padley. Breviloba, Lowe, (brevilohum of Moore.) — Found above Acre Mill, Rosendale, by Mr. Stansfield. Frond three to four inches long, narrow, the lobes only one eighth of an inch in length. The apex confluent into a broad, terminal, obtuse lobe. Angustifrons, Moore. — Found in the Vale of Todmorden by ]Mr. Stansfield. Lax and thinner, widening to an inch in the centre of tire frond, and tapering ofif both to the base and apex. Length ten inches. Fissa, Lowe, (Jissum, Moore.) — Found near Tunbridge Wells and Todmorden. A large form, having the rachis at the apex split down several inches, both sides bearing lobes, those on the inner side behig much the smallest. The apices sometimes multifid. Crispum-erectum. Ivery. — A handsome, dwarf, much -imbri- cated erect form, received from Messrs. Ivery, of Dorking. Length three inches. Narrowing to the base. Crisp A, Lowe, (crispum of Wollaston.) — Found in Broadwater I.OMAIUA SriCANT. SH‘S Forest, Tunbridge Wells, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston. Sterile fronds eight to ten inches long, lateral segments crowded, obtuse-pointed, and curled on the margin. The apices of the fronds multifid crisj)ed, forming a small tassel. Fertile fronds similar, and the ends of the narrow lateral segments obtuse. Fig, 788. Fig. 789. Fukcans, Monkman. (Fig. 788.) — Dwarf; pinnec distant and dissimilar in size, and near the apex furcate with caudate apices. The illustration is from Mr INIonkman. Anomala, Lowe, [anomaluyn of Moore.) (Fig. 789.) — Found at Walsden, Lancashire, by Mr. A. Stansfield; Peck Hill by Mr. R. Morris; near Loch Alsh, Ross-shirc, by Miss INIahy; and Birker Force, Cumberland, by Mr. F. Clowes. Thin texture, habit lax. Length six to twelve inches. Arching, 3S4 I.OMARIA Sl'ICANT. .segments narrow and subfalcate. Sometimes the ii])per pinnules are alone fertile, in others sori are produced here and there without any distinction between barren and fertile frond.s. Anomala-minus, Lowe, {anomalum-minus of Moore.) — Found at Beddgelart, Carnarvonshire, by Mr. F. C. Wilson, and on Walsden Moor by Mr. Stansfield. A small form of anomala, only four inches in height. As it is merely anomala in a dwarf state, no illustration is necessary. Gigantea, Lowe. (Fig. 790.) — A very large form, found at Totness, Devonshire, in 1865, by Mr. W. Edwards, of Nuthall. Length sixteen inches, width tlu’ee inches and a half. This gigantic form, with long narrow-pointed attenuate crowded pinnae, might be easily mistaken for the Lomaria Australis. The illustration is from Mr. Edwards. CoNCiNNA, Lowe, {concinnum of Moore.) — Found in the Valley of Conway by Mr. Holmes and Mr. Stansfield, Marwood by the Eev. F. Mules, and Barnstaple by the late Mr. C. Jackson. Length six to nine inches, lower portion linear, with rounded dentate segments, above uneqiial in length, some segments obtuse, some acute, here and there interrupted by short rounded lobes. Fertile fronds very much depauperated. I. K C n U M S P I C A N T, Vur. Kaa'.os-uui \ ur. t-ubscrratum, I i I.OMAIUA S1M(;AN'1'. ;}.so Fig. 791.— Mhldlo portion of Frond. Fig. 792. — Middle portion of Frond. SuHSERKATA, Loxoe, (suhserratimi, Moore.) (Plate LIX — A., and Figs. 791 and 793.) — Found near Castle Howard by Mr. C. Monkman, and near Todinorden by Mr. Stansfield. Fronds narrowish. Length six to twelve inches, width three quarters of an inch to one inch and a quarter. The base often scarcely narrowed, the fronds curving laterally, and the acute segments falcatcly curved, so as to overlie each other; anterior margin entire, posterior margin crenate. Fertile fronds also dcorsely- crenate. Ramosa, Lowe, (ramosum, Kinahan.) (Plate lilX. — 13.) — Found near Upper Lough J3ray, County Wicklow, by the late Dr. Kinahan; between Ashleagh and Erift'e, County Mayo, by Captain Morton Eden; Furness Fells and Windermere by Mr. J. Fluddart; and in Carnarvonshire by Mr. Clift. This interesting form has the rachis of both sterile and fertile fronds dividing into dichotomously crowded branches, with curled dense blunt-ended apical tufts. Ckispa-auuita, Lowe, (cx'isjjuni-aui'itum , Moore.) — Found in Ireland by the late Dr. Kinahan. Sterile fronds curled, but having no terminal crest. Fertile fronds slightly multifid at the VOL. II. 3 D l.OMAHIA SPICANT. 386 apices, and the segments aurite at the base, serrate on the margin, and acute or furcate at their tips. SuBiMBRiCATA, Lowc. — Found at Nettlecombe, Somerset- shhe, by Mr. C. Elworthy. Having longer and somewhat less dense fronds. Parvula, Lowe, {parvulum, Moore.) — Found at Barnstaple by the late Mr. C. Jackson, and at Todmorden by Mr. A. Stansfield. Sterile fronds four to six inches long, and not half an inch wide, and much tapered at the base. Segments crowded, imbricated, and small, ovate above and rounded below. In^equale, Moore. — Found near Todmorden by Messrs. Stansfield. Irregular, with acute unequal segments, hut having a normal lanceolate outline. Latipes, Moore. — Found near Todmorden by Mr. Stansfield. Sterile fronds six inches long and one inch and a quarter broad, the segments not decreasing to the base, but even rather longer there. Brevifrons, Moore. — Found in the Vale of Todmorden by Mr. Stansfield. Dwarf. Lobes broad. Length five inches, width one inch. Lance-shaped, and with the few lower segments shorter. Not unlike Lomaria alpina. Majus, Moore. — Found near Nettlecombe, Somersetshire, by Mr. Elworthy. An unusually large form, with segments two inches long, dilate at the base, and tapering towards an acute apex. Erosa, Lotoe, {erosum, Moore.) — Found in the i’ale of Todmorden by Mr. Stansfield. Length three inches. Fronds irregularly lanceolate, segments variously shaped, their margins erose. Bamo-depauperata, Lotoe, {I'amo-depauperatmn, Stansfield.) — Found in the Clova Mountains by Mr. J. Horsfall. Sterile 1-OMARIA SPICANT. 387 fronds linear below, with brief, rounded, dentate segments, interruiited above, the short segments being intersi^ersed with unequally elongated ones having dilated apices. Usually vari- ously forked and branched. Fig. 793. Fig. 794. Fig. 795. Minim A-iNTERRUPTA, Lotce, {^minimum-interruptmn, Claiiham.) (Fig. 793.)— Found at Ilklcy, in Yorkshire, in 1863, by Mr. Clapham. A small interrupted form. Length six inches; pinna; various in size and form, some abruptly contracted in the centre. 'J’he illustration is from ]\Ir. Clapham. l.OMAKIA Sl’lCAN'r. .'},SS CoKFEKTA, Luive, {confertum, Clapham.) (Fig. 794.) — An interesting, dwarf, elegant form, found by Mr. A. Cla])ham, at Ilkley, in A orkshire, in 18G3. Pinnaj crowded and imbri- cated, narrow at tbe base, widening to the centre, and then narrowing to tbe apex. The pinnae blunt at their apices, with an abrupt, sharp, thorn-like point. Pkojecta, Loxoe, (yprojectum, Moore.) (Fig. 795.) — Found near Ben Lawers by Messrs. Stansficld, of Todmorden. Sterile fronds very narrowly linear -lanceolate, the base and apex tapering, being half an inch wide in the centre. Lobes bluntly rounded and contracted, excej^t here and there normal, and therefore projecting beyond the narrow outline. Eig. 796. — Middle portion of Frond. Fig. 797,— Middle portion of Frond. Betusa, Loice, {retusum, Clapham.) (Fig. 796.) — An interest- ing Fern. Length seven inches, . width in the centre one inch and a quarter. Piniue retuse and curving. Found by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough, at Ilkley, Yorkshire, in 1863. Crispato-imbricata, Lowe, {crispato-irribricatiim, Stansfield.) (Fig. 797.) — Length eight inches. An imbricated crispate form, with flexuose pinnge. Interrupta, Lowe, {interr upturn, Wollaston.) — Found near Tunbridge MTlls by Mr. 4Aollaston, and at Castle Howard by Mr. C. Monkman. A'ariable. Some fronds multifid, or near I.OMAUIA til’ICANT. 389 the apex irregularly branched, otliers witli de])auperatc segments, some unilateral near the apex, with the rachis bent hook -like; others furcate, or semi-fertile, and all the fronds interrupted. Fig. 798 — Middle portion of Frond. Fig. 799. — Apex of Frond. Serkata, Lowe, {serratum, Wollaston.) (Fig. 798.) — Found near Tunbridge Wells and Ottery St. Mary by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; Barnstaple by the late Mr. C. Jackson; Tanfield Dean, in Durham, by Mr. T. Wilcke; and at Todmorden by Mr. Fielden. Sterile fronds twelve inches long, deej)ly ser- rated, tips often furcate. Fertile fronds longer, broadly lanceolate, being three inches wide in the centre; the lobes sharply serrated, and occasionally forked at the tips. The fronds sometimes furcate. Kitsonite, Loxoe. (Fig. 799.) — A dwarf form. Length five inches; pinnae crimi^ed, diminutive at the base of the frond, depauperate and irregular, widest near the apex. Pinme bending in all directions, and very thin and transparent on their margins. Found at Spitchwick, Ashburton, by Miss Kitson. 'ruiDACTYi.A, Loioe, {tridachjlum, Moore.) — Found in Tower- dough, near Bortsmouth, by Mr. S. Nowell. Fronds coriaceous, 390 LOMARIA SPICANT. three or four inches long, nearly normal, except at the apex, where three much larger segments are developed, often resem- bling three spreading fingers. Fig 800. Fig. 801. Eamo-cristata, Loive, {ramo-cristaturn, Monkman.) (Fig. 800.) — Found in Yorkshire by Mr. C. Monkman. Twin branched, with a branching crested apex; pinnse short and broad with almost square apices. Length five inches. Laxcifolia, Lowe, (lancifolium, ’W^ollaston.) (Fig. 801.) — LOMARIA SVICAXT. 391 Found near Tunbridge Wells, in 1853, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; more recently on the Clova Mountains, in Forfarshire, and near Llanrwst and Todmorden, by Mr. Stansfield. Sterile fronds very narrow and linear, entire and strap-shaped from the apex do-wnwards for nearly half their length, below having short, blunt, unequal lobes. Length five to eight inches, width one eighth to half an inch. Fertile fronds resembling the sterile ones, the upper portion entire and spike-like, and only one eighth of an inch wide. Sori continuous in a longitudinal line close to the rachis. Fig 802. Fig. 803. Cristata, Loxoe, (cristcduni, Wollaston.) (Fig. 802.) — Found near Tunbridge AVells, by Mr. G. 13. AFollaston; on the Clova Mountains, also in a ravine of Saddleback, Keswick, in 1866, by ^Ir. A. Clapham. Sterile fronds six or eight inches long, fertile fronds twelve inches. Fronds normal and lanceolate, except that the apex is variable. Sometimes divided and dilated, with broader lobes dilated at the apex. Fertile fronds, the segments mostly forked. Sometime.s the apex of tlie frond i.s branched into a large multifid head. Sometimes ramose and interrupted. The frond often sends up sharply-serrated semi-fertile fronds. Mui.tifurcata, Loice, {niultifurcatum, Moore.) (Fig. 803.) — Found near Penryn, Cornwall, hy Mr. F. Symons; and near Over Darwen, Lancashire, by Mr. Stansfield. A^ery irregular in form. The fronds branch once or twice, occasionally near the base, the apices of the fronds many times forked, forming a moderate-sized flat tuft. The apical segments arc irregular in form and size, they are spread out and extended into an acute point, with irregularly notched margins. Length six to eight inches, tapering below and occasionally having a jiair of lateral branches as in trinervia; segments frequently unequal in length. Elegans, 3Ioore. (Fig. 804.) — Found in Scotland, by ]Mr. A. Tait. Length six inches. Pinnae lobate, being divided to the costa in the upper half of the frond, and scarcely divided and narrowing in the lower half. HI. ,• U1 i •**' V i I ' 0 B L E C TI N U M S F I C A N T. A.-Var. netcropbyUum. 3.-Vnr. Irr.l^ncn'nir,. C.-Var. Conlractum. D.— Var. Coi-t7act.U[i.-iuuiosv:iQ. LX 4 I i I i,o:\rAiuA si*k;ant. 393 Bickps, Mules. (Fig. 805.) — Found ncai* Marwood, by tbo Rov\ F. Mules. liCngth nine inches; pinna? widening to the apex, and then branching into two smaller caudate-ended fronds. Width two inches and a half immediately below the branching part. Heteuophyu.a, Lowe, {heterophyllum, Wollaston.) (Plate LX — A.) — Found near Tunbridge Wells by Mr. AVollaston, Todmorden by Mr. T. Stansfield, and Ilfracombe by Mr. J. Dadds. Bearing two kinds of sterile fronds either separately or together; part normal, and part altered in size and form, the segments becoming narrowed and inciso-dentate, or contracted to a semicircular form, occurring irregularly. Sometimes the fronds are linear, at others irregulaidy linear. The fertile fronds have the same characters. Imbricata, Lowe, {imbricatum, Moore.) (Plate LX — B.) — Found at Parracombe and Culborne, Devonshire, by Mr. J. Dadds; Barnstaple by the late Mr. C. Jackson; W,alsden, near Todmorden, by Mr. J. Horsfall; Staups Valley, Todmorden, by Mr. A. Stansfield; Lichfield by Mr. J. Young; near Castle Malgwyn, Pembrokeshire, by Mr. W. Hutchison; in Carnarvon- shire by Mr. Clift; and Glen Almond by Mr. J. Me’ Nab. Fronds five or six inches long, lanceolate, tapering upwards, breadth one inch; segments imbricated, dense, and oblong-acute. Fertile fronds six or seven inches long, pinnate, with crowded acute segments. Handsome and distinct, with more or less erect fronds, forming a dense bush with a hollow centre. CoNXUACTA, Lowe, {contractum, Stansfield.) (Plate LX. — C.) — Discovered in July, 1859, in Conway Valley, North Wales, by Mr. ,1. Holmes. This variety is quite constant. In beauty it is a gem. Pinnules remarkably narrow for the lower half of the frond, above larger, irregular, and somewhat triangular in form; the apex attenuated; the basal contracted pinnules incised. liCngth of sterile frond five inches. CONTKACTA-RAMOSA, Lowo. (I’latc LX. — D.) — Discovcrcd on VOL II. 3 E 394 I,0MA1UA SriCANT. the Clova Mountains, Scotland, in September, 1859, by ^Ir. J, Horsfall. Another very handsome Fern. The lower portion of the frond much contracted, but scarcely incised; the pinnules in the middle of the frond somewhat larger, irregular in form, but more or less triangular; at two inches from the apex branched, the pinnules larger, irregular, and the apex of the frond narrow and elongated. Fig. 80G. Fig. £07. Serrulata, Lowe, {serrulatum, Stansfield, MS.) (Fig. 806.) — A dwarf form, with minute pinnaB at the base, gradually widening towards the apex, which is briefly caudate. Serrulate. Length four or five inches. Projecto-multifida, Loioe. (Fig. 807.) — A dwarf form of 2}rojectum having a branching apex. Found in Scotland bv Mr. A. Tait. I.OMARIA Sl’ICANT. 395 Fig. »08. t'ig. 809. Fig. 810. 390 LOMAHIA Sl’ICANT. Anomala-linkata, Lowe. (Fig. 808.) — Found in Yorkshire by Mr. C. Monkman, of Malton. Length six inches. Finnaj distant and linear, the basal half depauperate. A handsome form, with characters midway between this and anomala, has been forwarded to me from Bcrkcr Force, by Mr. C. Clowes. Kotundata, Lowe. (Fig. 809.) — Found by Mr. Clift. Pinnaj short and round, with several odd pinnae ovate and projecting beyond the remainder. Apex also rounded. Length seven inches, width one fifth at the base and half an inch near the apex. Pinnae very minute at the base and gradually widening to the centre of the frond. Caudata, Loioe, (caudatum, Moore.) (Fig. 810.) — Larger than lancifolia. Length six to eight inches, width nearly an inch; thick and leathery. Aj)ex caudate, entire or inconspicuously lobed, below which pinnatifid, segments linear-obtuse, the basal one third of the frond suddenly contracted into rounded lobes. Found at Eastwood by Mr. Stansfield. Dentigek.v, Loioe, {denUgerum, Moore.) — Found near Win- i dermere by Mr. F. Clowes. Sterile fronds eight to twelve inches long, and one inch and a half wide, gradually contracting below, and furcate at the tips. Segments acute, and irregularly dentate. Fertile fronds forked once or twice near the tips, and the segments sometimes forked. Abrupta, Loxoe, {ahruptum, Moore.) — Found near Todmorden by Mr. Stansfield. Lower half normal, at which point the rachis terminates abrujDtly, the apex consisting of one or two segments set on endwise. Stricta-Daddsii, Lowe. — Irregular pimne of very various lengths, but the frond uniformly widest in the centre. Serrulate. Found near Ilfracombe by ]\Ir. J. Dadds. Length eight inches. m Bifida, Lowe, {hijidum, M^ollaston,) — Found at Braydon Burn, Durham, by Mr. T. AYilcke; Tunbridge Wells by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; Barnstaple by the late Mr. C. Jackson; and in Yorkshire by ]\Ir. A. Clapliam. A large form, the tips of I.OM.VKIA Sl'ir.VNT. 397 tlio segnu'uts and the apices of the fronds )iiore or less bifid or trifid. Fig. 811. Fig. 812. Upper portions of fronds, sterile and fertile. Duplex, (Figs. 811 and 812.) — A large form, found near Marwood, Devonsliire, by the Rev. F. Mules. Length thirteen inches, -width two inches. The barren fronds bifid five inches from the apex, and the fertile bifid one inch beloAv the apex. 'I’he illustrations are from the Rev. F. Mules. 398 LOMAIUA SPICANT. C'l-APHAMii, Lowe, {^Platypteris , Clapham.) (Fig. 813.) — A dwarf leafy slender-frondcd form, found at Ilkley, Yorkshire, in 1803, by Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough. Length five inches. Fig. 813. Upper half of frond. Fig 814. Fig. 815. Middle of frond. Apex. Multifida, Lowe, {inultifidum of Wollaston.) (Figs. 814 and 815.) — Found at Tunbridge Wells and Chiselhurst by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; Ilfracombe by Mr. J. Dadds; Marwood by the Rev. F. Mules; Nettlecombe by Mr. C. Elworthy; Feck Hill, Lancashire, by Mr. R. Morris; Malton by Mr. C. Monkman; Crumlin, in Monmouthshire, by Mr. T. H. Thomas; Ruthin, Denbighshire, by Mr. T. Pritchard; close to Loch Moidart, in Inverness-shire, by the Rev. T. F. Ravenshaw; and Quin Abbey, Clare, by the late Dr. J. R. Kinahan. Merely differing in being divided two or three times at the ajiex, yet neither uniformly nor symmetrically. Ramosa-Cliftii, Loioe. (Fig. 816.) — Found near Birming- ham by Mr. Clift, of Balsall Heath. Length four inches; I,0^[AUIA SPICANT. 399 pinna) small, rounded, irregular shaped, aiid depauperated. Apex nuiltitid, very leafy, and ascending. The illustratioji is from j\[r. Clift. Fig. 817. Fig. 818. Attenijata, Loloe, {attenuatum, Stansfield.) (Fig. 81T.) — A narrow attenuated form with distant pinnie, broad at the base and short. Length seven inches, width six eighths of an inch. The illustration is from Messrs. Stansfield. Imijricato-euecta, Lowe, (imhricatum-erectum, Stansfield.) (Fig. 818.) — An exceedingly beautiful form, differing from erecta in having narrower fronds, and in its dissimilar erect habit. Latifrons, Moore. — Found at Eastwood and Pennant Clough by] Mr. Stansfield, and in Mytholm Valley by ]\[r. Nowell and 400 T-OMARIA SPICANT. ]\Ir. Patman. A large form. Sterile fronds. Length six inches, width one inch and a half, lanceolate, rapidly contracting to the base ; segments crowded, the longest are broad-linear, some- what falcate, with a brief acute apex. Fig. 819. Monkmanii, Stansjield. (Fig. 819.) — A singular irregular form with variable jiimise, broad and flexuose; ajiex multitid. Trinervia, Lowe, {trinertium, Wollaston.) — Found in 1854 on the Sugar-loaf Mountains in M^'icklow, by the late Dr. Kinahan. Normal, except being less tapering below, and at the base jiroducing on either side a small latei-al branch. 1,()MAHIA Sl’lCAN'l'. 401 Soitietiiiics tlio apex of the frond and of the branches are forked. Both the sterile and fertile fronds have the basal branches. Fig. 820. Fig 821. Ramoso-irregulauk, Lowe. (Fig. 820.) — Found in North Wales. Branching and re-branching. Pinna; short and somewhat irregular. Crist.vto-crispa, Lowe, {cristato-crisjnim, Claphain.) (Fig. 821.) — A variety found by Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough, which is branched, crested at the apices, and crisped. Im bricato-su bserrata, Lowe, (imh'icattim-suhserrahim, Stan.sfield.) — A subserrated form of hnhricatum, the fronds 1 have seen being only subimbricate. Dwarf. Cri.spata, Lowe, {enspatum, Moore.) — Found near Barnstaple, by the late Mr. C. .Jackson; and near Todmorden, by Mr. A. Stansfield. A small crispy form, with the apex simple. VOL H. 8 F Fig. 822. Fig. 823.— Serruliita, page 394. Fj-.\bet,t,ata, Lou:e, {f.ahellafam, Stans field.') (Fig. 8.3.3.) — 'I'his is the most remarkable Blechnum yet found. It is scarcely to the species what Acrocladon is to Atlnirium, hut is equally as remarkable as that fine form, and what is singular was found in the same vicinity (near Helmsley, Yorkshire,) by the same • Figs. 80G and 807, at page 394, are botli Prnjecto-multifida. I.O.MAIUA sriCANT. 403 discoverer, Mr. Moukman, of Maltou, who holds the only plant known, and sends the fronds for illustration. Mr. Moukman first named this fine plant ramo-cristatum, but in consequence of the more markedly fan-like forms assumed by the strongly- developed fronds, and the constantly increasing tendency to dichotomous forking, he was induced to adopt the name ^‘Jiabcllatum” as being the most descriptive. The plant is robust, but has not yet proved fertile. The fronds branch into two, three, or four, at the stipes, each division again repeatedly forking, and the same process repeating until the flabellate form is made up of a dense mass of foliage. The large flat fronds hanging over the pot are very striking. Fig. 824. Fig. 825. Maiioin.\t()-iujikguj..vrk, Luicc. (i'ig. 824.) — Normal in size, the peculiarity consisting in the variable character of the piniue, no two being alike, some dei)auperate, truncate or branched, making an irregular outline. ( 'oxfi.LKNs, Lowe. (Fig. 82"5.) — Ihiiiue ina'gidar in size, form, and ])osition, a portion overla})ping each other. Frond normal in size. 401 ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF LOMARIA SITCANT. Abru])ta, Lowe . TAOE 39G Imbricata, Lowe I’AGK. 393 Aiigustifrons, Moure 382 Imbricato-erecta, Lowe 399 Aiiomala, Loive . 383 subscrrata, Lowe 401 lineata, Loiue . 396 lusequale, Moore . 386 minus, Loioe 384 luterrupta, Lowe 388 Atteuuata, Loiue 399 Kitsoniae, Lowe . 389 Biceps, Mules 393 Lancifolia, Lowe 390 Bifida, Lowe . 396 LaLil’roiiB, Moore . 399 Bi'cvilrous, Moore 386 Latipcs, Moore . 386 Breviloba, Lowe 382 Majus, Moore . . 386 Caudata, Lowe . 396 Margiiiato-irregulare, Lowe 403 Clapbamii, Lowe . . 398 Miuima-iuterrupta, Lowe . 387 Concinna, Lowe . 384 Monkmauii, Stansfield 400 Conferta, Lowe . 388 Multifida, Lowe . 398 Ooufluens, Loiue . 403 Multifurcata, Lowe 392 Contracta, Lowe 393 Padleyense, Loiue . . 382 ramosa, Lowe 393 Parvula, Loiue . 386 Crispa, Lowe . . 382 Projecta, Lowe . 388 aurita, Lowe 385 Projecto-multifida, Lowe . 394 erecta, Lowe . . 382 Eamo-cristata, Lowe . 390 Crispata, Loiue . 401 depaupei’ata, Lowe 386 Ci’ispato-imbricata, Lowe . 388 Eamosa, Lowe . 385 Cristata, Lowe . 391 Cliftii, Lowe 398 Cristato-crispa, Lowe . 401 Eamoso-irregulare, Lowe . 401 Dentigera, Lowe 396 Eetusa, Lowe 388 Duplex, Loiue . 397 Eotuudata, Lowe . . 396 Elegans, Moore . 392 Serrata, Lowe 389 Erosa, Lowe . . 386 Serrulata, Lowe . 394 Fissa, Lowe 382 Stricta, Lowe 381 Elabellata, Loiue . . 402 Daddsii, Lowe . 396 Eurcans, MonJcman 383 Subiinbricata, Lowe . 386 Gigautea, Lowe . 384 SubseiTata, Lowe . . 385 Gracilc, Lowe 380 Tridacfcyla, Loiue 389 Heteropliylla, Lowe . 393 Triuervia, Loire . 400 GENUS XL PTEIUS. LlNN^Uf<. Fkonds herbaceous or coriaceous, varying from decompound to pedate, often large. Sori marginal, linear, and covered with an indusium. Only one British example. Fig. 826.— Portion of pinna of mature Frond, under side. PTERIS AQUILINA. Ltnn^us. Braclien or Common Brakes. PLATE LXI. Plerls aquilina, M ii << (( (< it it (( <( (( <( << “ caudata, “ hrevipes, “ borealis, “ fcemina, “ midicauUs, “ excelsa, “ recurvala, “ terminaUs, “ Wightiana, “ frma, “ densa, “ lanuginosa, K tt “ deconiposita, “ villosa, “ rcvoluta. LtnNjEUS. Bolton. Smith. Babington. Hooker and Arnott. Mackay. Deakin. Newman. Sowerby. Moore. Bentham. Swartz. Schkuhr. Koch. Willdenow. Sprengel. Sturm. Fries. Ledebour. Agardh. Svensk. ’ Mettenius. Fee. Nyman. K. J. Lowe. Link. Tausch. Salisbury. Gray. Guldenstadt. Blume. Wallich. Aoardh. Wallich. ■\Vallicii. Wallich. Wallich. Bory. Willdenow. Sprengel. Link. Kaulfuss. Agardh. Fee. Gaudichaud. Fee. Blume. Agardh. 408 PTKUIS AQriUNA. Pteris Capensis, TnUNBERG. WiLLDENOW. AgaEOU. (t (( SCULECHTENDAL. AUosorus aquilinus. Peesl. Pappe and Eawson. a arachrioideus, Prese. tt reeurvaius, Peesl. a Taurirus, Peesl. (1 caudatus. Peesl. t ( Capensis, Pappe and Eawson, {not of BERNnAEDi or Peesl.) ti lanuginosus, Peesl. n villosus. Peesl. << Hotteniotlus, Peesl. (t aculifulius. Peesl. Pcesia aquUina, , Moore. AspJenium aquilinum. Bernhabdt. JEupferis aquiUna, Newman. Pteris — From pteron, Greek for a wing. Aqnilina — Eagle-like. Fronds deep green, variable in size, from six to one hundred and fifty inches long, according to situation; when dwarf triangular and bipinnate, when vigorous elongated and tripinnate. Pinna) opposite and distant, and oblong-ovate. Pinnules narrow-lanceolate, contiguous, sometimes caudate. Ultimate segments sessile, with apex blunt. Caudex thick, extensively creejjing, black and velvety. Vena- tion circinate. Stipes lateral ; spindle-shaped. Rachis channeled above, rounded behind. Veins forked. Sori abundant, linear, continuous, indusiatc, and marginal. Indusium double. Found throughout Great Britain and Ireland, and is our most common species, growing from the level of the sea to an altitude of two thousand feet. Also common throughout Euro])c as far north as Lapland. Found in the Caucasus, in the Ural and Altai Mountains, Siberia, Sitka, China, Kamtschatka, throughout India, Ceylon, Penang, Java, Philij^pines, Sandwich Isles, Ca^m of. Good Hoidc, Sierra Leone, Abyssinia, Fernando Po, Scnc- gambia. Bourbon, Mauritius, Algiers, Madeira, Canaries, Azores, Isle of Teneriffe, Cape de Verd, Guatemala, California, jSIexico, Pernambuco, Veragua, Canada, Massachusetts, and Kentucky. Extensively used in some districts as bedding for cattle, and as thatch; as fuel, and for packing; also for ])rcscrvation of plants ri'KKis .VQ\-n,ix.\. 409 from irtist. 'I'ho underground stems arc capable of b('ing used as food. This species -will grow in almost any soil, but requires some care in transplanting, and can only be successfully moved when dormant in winter. 'fherc arc several varieties, namely: — llisui.CA, Lime. (Fig. 827.) — A slender form with the costa s])litting for three or four inches at the apex, and bearing VOL. II. 3 G 410 PTKRIS AQUTMNA. exteriorly ordinary pinnee, and on the inner edges small abortive pinnje. Fig. 828. Cristata, Moore. (Fig. 828.) — A magnificently crested form. Fronds normal in size, the apex of each pinna repeatedly branching, the branches having caudate, bicaudate, or tricaudate apices. I'TKIU.S AQLll.lXA. Ill Fig. 829,— Apex. Fig. 830.— I’iiiiia. Fukcans, Loice. (Figs. 8^9 and 830.) — A broad-pinuulcd form; the pinna; irregular and I'urcatcly branched, and the apex of tlie frond mnltifid. Normal in .si/.e. Found near Jlirmingham by Mr. F. A. Fdelsten. 412 I'TEllIS AQUILINA. Fig. 831. Ramoso-irkegulake, Clapham. (Fig. 831.) — Finna' ami pinnules irregular in size. Finnic brandling and rc-brandiing near their apices. Normal in size. PTKRIS AQUILINA. 413 IxTEGEHRiMA, Moove. — Fouiid at Marwood by tlic llcv. F. ]Mules; Hampstead Heath, 'I'arbet in Dumbartonshire, and near Loch Katrine, by Mr. T. Moore; St. Albans by Mr. H. U. Henslow; Fligh ^Vycombe and Fotton by Mr. li. Fleward; in 'L'eesdale and AVindermcrc by Mr. F. Clowes; and in County AV'icklow and Dublin by Mr. K. Barrington. Differing in the secondary pinnules being entire, that is undivided, instead of deeply pinnatifid. Only slightly crenatc-lobate at the base. Crispa, Wollaston. — Found on Hampstead Heath by Mr. T. Moore; Shooter’s Hill by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; Marwood by the Rev. F. Mules; and Mappcrby Plains by Mr. Brown. Occasionally multifid. There arc two forms ; in one the margins of the pinnulets (or secondary pinnules) are entire, undulate and refiexed, in the other they are crcnate and wavy. jMultifida, Wollaston. — Found at Chiselhurst and Ottery St. Mary by Mr. G. B. AVollaston; Chagford, in Devon, by the Rev. J. M. Chanter; AVindermere by Mr. F. Clowes; Keswick by Aliss AA^right; Guernsey by Mr. C. Jackson, Mr. J. James, and Miss Isabella AA^ilkinson; Cobham Park, Kent, by Mr. S. O. Gray; and Barnstaple by Mr. H. F. Dempster. There arc two forms; in one the aj)ices of the fronds and in-imary pinnae are midtifid and crisped; in the other not branched, but the pinnules and pinnulets are divided. Depauper.vta, Wollaston. — Found near Chiselhurst by Air. G. B. AVollaston; Bowness by Air. AFood; and Alarwood by the Rev. F. AIulcs. Sometimes irregularly branched, and the shortened lobes decurrent and depauperated or interrupted. f : V'. ' 1 .* ,• » ■X, yki'-''f1* , » 'U’^,1 ■ i' -' 7 I.'^: ■*'H??’-.'x^: ^ ^WAsRf •*' v.iN^i’ . y,.: ,f, i/ ' ‘ ’>.,1 wWu. l;-.,tiiiO y^7*.r.li,» Mulk- ,«*i r • -■'.' ''*■■ Uu^4i ,-• '.jiv' ' -y. ‘‘ ,»i . ;, ■ .'i '2 & : 'I''’ :': ^!- ;-!’'f' -;x ''t| ' ;-' ■ A.^:; ^ Tv'LW ' '; ■ ’•..I .jK • .’ ''M*)* i.iv . if ' .*.4^4 »Vu'i' aj^' " ' y>^ J ^tl4 i4‘.->r .’*’>xj '>1 1. 1 i. H*' “ j * ‘ , ^■, ’ ■^'f M ■fN. k. GENUS XII. ADIANTUM. LiNxViBus. Fronds simple to supra-decompound. Stipites and rachides ebeneous. Sori indusiate, transverse marginal, from linear to reniform. Veins repeatedly forked. The spore-cases are attached to the surface of the indusium, and resupinate. Mr. Mooiie in his “Species Filicum” enumerates one hundred and twenty-six species. A very large family, yet only one British species. ■ a * % i Fig. 832. — Portion of niiiture Frond, under bide. ADIANTUM CAPILLUS-VENKUIS. LiNNiEUS. Common Maiden-hair Fern. PT.ATK LXII. A dianlum capilhis-veueris, ii ii (encrum, “ Irijidum, “ repandum, “ Moritzianum, “ Africanum, “ CapiHus, “ coriandrijhlium,’ “ cuneifuliuni, “ dependens, “ fontanum, VUI,. II. LiniN.eus. Bolton. Smith. Babington. Hookeb and Arnott. Mackay. Presl. J. Smith. Deakin. Moore. Sowerby. JVEWMAN. BeNTHAM. JaCQUIN. KoCH. Willdenow. Fee Nyman. Leuebodr. Mettenius. E. J. Lowe. Brackenridge. Swartz. Desvaux. (Not of Sprengel.) Koxbor'gh. (Not of Swartz, Sprengel, Willdenow, Desvaux, Presl, Link, Kunze, .Moore, Hooker, Fee, Lowe, Mettenius, Link, Martens & Galleotti, or SCHKUUR.) Willdenow. Bolle. Tausch. Link. Kunze. Fee. Brown. Swartz. Sprengel. Link. Kunze. Wallich. La.marck. Stokes. Chapman. Salisbury. Guay. 3 II 418 AJ)1AXTUM CAl’l I,l,US-V]i N'KHIS. Adiantum — From the Greek Adiantos, dry. Capillm-veneris — Venus’_IIair. Found in Cornwall and Devonshire abundantly, sparingly in Somersetshire, namely, Clevedon by Mr. L. H. Grindon; Cheddar ClilFs by the Rev. W. H. Hawker; and Combe Down by myself; Titberstone Clee Hill, Shropshire, by Mr. M^estcott. In Glamorganshire, Galway, Kerry, Clare, Jersey, Gnernsey, Isle of Man, Barry Island, and Arran Isles. Occurring in Switzerland, Belgium, France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Dalmatia, Greece, Turkey, throughout India, Java, China, Persia, Syria, Caucasus, Siberia, Algiers, Egy^it, Abyssinia, Teneriffe, Madeira, Canary, Cape de Verd, the Azores, Mada- gascar, Mascaren Islands, Natal, Algoa Bay, Florida, Arkansas, Alabama, California, Texas, Mexico, Guatemala, Parra, Caraccas, Chili, Trinidad, St. Vincent, Dominica, Jamaica, Sandwich Islands, Caledonia, New Hebrides, etc. Fronds ovate or triangular, or lanceolate, smooth, membran- aceous, bipinnate or tripinnate, bright green, slender, drooping. Length from six to twenty-four inches. PinnEe and pinnules alternate. Pinnules stalked, base somewhat cuneate obliquely, aj)ex rounded, the posterior margins entire, the anterior ones lobate, in the sterile fronds the lobes are toothed. Sori oblong, situated on the apices of all the lobes. The indusium is the reflexed portion of the apex of the lobe, thin in texture, and veiny. Venation circinate. Caudex slowly creeping. Stipes as long as the frond. Stipes and rachis slender, ebcneous, and shining. INIostly an inhabitant of sea cliffs. In 1860 I found this Fern abundant on the sea cliffs opj^osite the ladies’ bathing place at Santander, in Spain, dwarf and stunted; fifty or sixty miles inland, at Las Caldas, it was most luxuriant, growing between crevices in rocks. I measured some two feet in length. It was also met with in the Congosto Pass near Allar, and seemed not uncommon along the spurs of the Pyrenees. Not hardy, requiring the protection of a greenhouse, and flourishing best in a warm house. Broken peat and silver sand, with a little loam, is the proper compost. Tlierc are a few varieties: — Fig. 833. Incisum-Footii, Loioe. (Fig. 833.) — A remarkably handsome much-cut form, found in County Clare by Mr. J. F. Foot. Length fifteen inches. T am indebted to ]\Ir. Foot for fronds. R.vmulosum, Moore. — Found in Ireland and brought into notice by Mr. vV. Clapham, of Scarborough. The main rachis 420 ADIANTUM CAPIM.US-VEXETITS. divides near tlie top two or three times, forming a spreading tuft of brief j)bmate branches. In the lower portion of the frond the pinnules are narrow and partially depauperated. i A Fig. 834. — Upper half of frond. Hookerii, Loioe. (Fig. 834.) — A remarkably slender form of our British Maiden-hair, found in the Crimea. jMinute and slender in all its parts, with a close thick-set erect habit. Pinnae, pinnules, and pinnulets alternate. Stipes, rachis, and rachides black. Pinnulets more rounded than wedge-shaped at the base, and very finely dentate at the rounded apex. Sori inconspicuous. j\Iy thanks are due to Dr. J. D. Hooker, Director of the Boyal Gardens, Kew, for a plant. A I) 1 A XT U M C A 1' II , I , V S - A' K X K III S . 4^21 Rotuxdatum, Moore. — Found in the Isle of Man, by Mr. T. G. Rylands; the basal pinnules are rounder, with a truncate base; the fronds arc narrow, and the jiinna) more spreading. The upper portion of the fronds nearly normal. Footii, Lowe. (Fig. 835.) — Found at Ballyryan, County Clare, by Mr. J. F. Foot. Length eighteen to twenty -four inches, some of the pinnules being as much as an inch wide. T am indebted to Mr. Foot for fronds. DEPAUrERATTj.Ai, Clapham. (Fig. 836.) — An interesting sport from a batch of seedlings received from Mr. James, of Vauvert, by Mr. Clapham. Length twelve inches. Narrow and much cut, and depauperated. I am indebted to i\Ir. Clapham for fronds. Kaeox, Lowe. (Fig. 837.) — A handsome form raised from spores. Length eleven inches, Avidth fiA"c inches, broadest at the base, and gradually narroAving to the apex, rinnulcs large and very leafy, the ultimate pinnules A'cry largo. Fig. 83.5. — Pinnules. Fig. 836. — Apex. 423 A 1 ) 1 A N ’ r U M C A 1> II , I A' S - V K N E U I S . Fig. 837. — Basal pinna. Bulbieekum, Loive. (Fig. 838.) — A pretty sport, clifFering in bearing little bulbils on tbe pinnae. Length six inches. My thanks are clue to Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough, for a plant. Fig. 838. -Pinnules. Fig. 839.— Pinnules. Incisum, Moore. (Fig. 839.) — Found in Ireland by Dr. Allchin; Menstone Bay, Devonshire, by Mr. E. IS'ewnian; and Guernsey by Mr. J. James. All the pinnules are split into long, narrow, cuncate lobes. ('YS1'()1’'1'KK1S. GENUS XIII. CYSTOPTERIS. BeRjS'HAKUI. C/AUDEX tufted, decumbent, or creeping. Fronds membrana- ceo-hcrbaceous and bipinnate or tri])innatc. Sori indusiatc, rotundate, with the receptacles medial and dot-like. Indusium concave. Fronds delicate. There are three British species, namely, C. fnKjilis, C. rc(jia, and C. montana. 'i' h,. .A w:. .ikV ( . -V ■ I a V 4 f Fig. 840 — Portion of mature frond, under side. CYSTOPTERTS FRAGTLTS. Bernhardt. The Brittle Bladder Fern. PL.\TE LXIII. Cjjstopteris fragilis, Bernhardt. Hooker and Arnott. tt ti Babtngton. Deaktn. Newman. Fee. €( it Mackay. Moore. Bentham. Schott. if SowERBY. Link. Presl. Mettenius. n ft Koch. Ledebohr. Fries. A. Gray. (t if Pappe and Eawson. E, J. Lowe. (< ft Kdprecht. Kunze. (f orientalis, Desvaux. ti viridula, Desvaux. ft rhcetica, Link. Fee. it dentata, Hooker. Desvaux. Fee. Sowerby. u ti Babington. ft PontederoB, Link. ft Jamaicensis, Desvaux. ft fumarioides, Kunze. Fee. if retusa, Decaisne. it Chilensis, Feb. ft Dickieana, Sim. Newman. Moore. E. .1. Lowe. Cystca fragilis, Smith. <( regia, Smith. ft anguslala. Smith. ti dentata. Smith. 3 I VOL. II. 42G CYSTOrTEKlS I'llAG I MS. Cyathea fragilis. Smith. Eotii. “ cynapifolia, Eoth. “ anihrisrifolia. Horn. “ regia, Horn. “ dentata. Smith. Cyclopteris dentata, Gray. “ fragilis, Gray. Polypodium fragile. L1NN.EUS. Bolton. P “ anthriscifolium, Hoffmann. “ cynapifolium. Hoffmann. “ polymorphum ViLLAES. “ laciniatum. ViLLABS. “ trifidum. Withering. “ album. Lamarck. “ fumarioides. Weis. Hoffmann. “ tenue. Hoffmann. “ rkceticum. Dickson. Bolton. <( •< POIEET. “ dentatum. Dickson. “ Tontederce, Allioni. Swartz. “ tenerrimum. POIEET. Aspidium fragile. Swartz. Willdenow. ti (t Sprengel. Kaulfuss. “ trifidum. Swartz. “ diaphanum. Bory. “ viridulum, Desvaux. “ Nepalense, Edgeworth. “ rhaeticum. Willdenow. “ dentatum. Swartz. Willdenow. “ PontedercB, Willdenow. Poieet. “ colobodon. Kunze. Atliyrium Pontederce, Desvaux. “ fumarioides. Peesl. “ dentatum. Gray. “ rhaeticum. Sadler. “ fragile. Sadler. Cystopteris — From the Greek hystos — a bladder, and pteris — a fern. Fragilis — F ragile. This pretty species grows in the fissures of moist rocks, usually in the shade, occurring from the sea level to three thousand feet elevation. Widely distributed, and most abundant in mountainous districts. A native of every county in Great llritain, yet least common in the south of England. In Ireland CYSTOPTERIS EllAGlLIS. Var, Denlata. LXIA^ SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. \er. Vanegatum-Claphamii. I CYSTOPTEKIS EllAGILlS. 427 confined to the west and north-west. Extending to the north of Scotland, as far as Orkney. Abroad it occurs throughout Europe; also along the Ural and Altai ranges, Siberia, Kamtschatka, Asia Minor, Affghanistan, Kashmir, Simla, Nepal, Thibet, the Himalaya range; Abyssinia, Cape of Good Hope, Madeira, Teneriffe, Canaries, Azores, Greenland, Lab- rador, Canada, United States, California, Mexico, Guatemala, Columbia, Xalapa, Quito, Peru, Jamaica, Cuba, Bahamas, New Grenada, Chili, and Tasmania. Ci/stopteris fragilis delights to occupy crevices in limestone rocks that are somewhat moist, and its pretty small fragile fronds are a pleasing feature in those districts in which it is sufficiently abundant. In a situation that is suitable to this si)ecies its spores germinate in great abundance. In 1860 I found it remarkably abundant in Spain along the damp rocks on the Vilia Escusa, between Reinosa and Allar, whilst in the more exposed situations it was not to be found; it was also abundant near Santander and Las Caldas. In various parts of England it is not uncommonly so abundant as to give a character to the jjlace; thus at Matlock, in Derbyshire, near Chaigeley, in Lancashire, about Bath, in the lake district, and in numerous parts of North and South Mhdes it lives in lovely luxuriance. ^Vhen grown as a pot j^lant this Fern should have ample drainage, and the usual proportions of turfy peat and loam, with a liberal supply of sand and small lumps of limestone. It succeeds well as a cultivated plant. The fronds are frequently attacked by TJredo filicum, a yellow fungus, which seriously disfigures those jolants that arc attacked by it. There are some interesting varieties, namely: — Dextata, Hooker. (Plate LXIV. — A.) — A common widely- spread form. Length six to eight inches; hi pinnate or sub-bipinnate; jiinnules oblong, bluntly dentate. Sori nearly marginal. Fronds narrow. Sempehviuexs, Moore. — Said to have been found at Tunbridge AN'clls, and in Devonshire. A native of Madciia, and perhaps 428 CYSTOI’TEHIS l-'KAGILIS. a distinct species. Some obscurity hangs over it as a British plant. In a cool greenhouse evergreen. Stipites stout and tough. The anterior basal pinnules larger than the posterior ones. Indusium glandular hirsute. llhizoma brief, creeping. Fronds narrow-lanceolate; pinnules distinct and ovate; lobes blunt. Decuerens, Moore. (Fig. 841.) — Found at Silver Cove, near Wemyss Castle, Fifeshire, by Mr. Tait, of Edinburgh. Partaking of characters intermediate between dentata and DicJiieana. Pinme deflexed, pinnules decurrent. The apices of the fronds and piiinm acute. Prominently dentate. Crispa, Loive. (Fig. 842.)— A singular dwarf variety, with short distant piniicC and crisped pinnules. CYSTOPTEKIS FRAGILI."', Yar. r.'ickieana. LXV CYSTOI’TKRIS VHAGll-IS. 429 'i'KUNCATA-iNTKUHurTA, Loxoc. (Fig. 843.) — A remarkable variety, with sliort pinnules, very various in form and size, some depauperate and others wanting. Truncate. Fig. S44.— Basal pinnte. Auiantoides, Loioe. (Fig. 844.) — A large much-divided luxuriant-growing variety, found in Scotland. Fig. 845.— Basal pinnae. Gracii.e, Loxoc. (Fig. 845.) — A slender, large form. Length thirteen inches, width three inches and a half in the centre of the frond. Pinna) sub-opposite in the lower half of the frond, and alternate above. Pinna) and pinnules distant, the basal . three pairs of pinna) very distant; the apices of the piniuc dentate-caudate. Dickieana, Moore. (Plate LXV.) — Found in a cave at 430 CYSTOPXERIS FKAGILIS. Cove, near Aberdeen, by Dr. Dickie; two miles east of Cove by the late Mr. C. Barter; near Dunkeld by Professor Balfour; and the Great Isle of Arran, in Galway, by Mr. D. Moore, of the Glasnevin Gardens. A very distinct form. Piniice dellexed, ovate-lanceolate, slightly twisted, imbrieated; pinnules broad, oblong, with short obtuse blunt dentation, crowded, imbricated, and decurrent. Bijiinnate, or more usually sub- bipinnate. Sori nearly marginal and tuberculate. Fig. 846.— Apex. Fig. 847. — Middle of frond. Fig. 848. — Basal pinnic. Interrupta, Wollaston. (Figs. 846, 847, and 848.) — Found in IVestmorland by Mr. I. Hudhart, and made known by Mr. F. Clowes, of Mhndermere. A distinct form. Fronds long and very narrow, pinn£e interrupted and contracted, with ii'regular more or less fan-shaped pinnules, which are variously truncated, laciniated, or depauperated. Fronds sometimes almost linear, and occasionally bifid or multifid. A remarkable monstrosity, the basal pinnai often normal, as in the illustration. Length of frond fifteen inches, of which the basal six inches t - • . * f t iH i » - h ' I t > I. V CYSTOVTKHIS KKAG IMS. 431 is the stipes; width from half an inch to an inch. Stipes and rachis red. 1 am indebted to Mr. Clapham for a plant, and to Mr. F. Clowes for fronds. Furcans, Moore. (Plate LXVI.) — Found at Killin, Perth- shire, by ]\Ir. S. O. Gray, and in the Clova Mountains by Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden. Not unlike clentata, with the apices of the pinna) furcate, or sometimes two or three times forked. Fig. 849. — Middle of frond. Fig. 850. — Apex. Davali.ioides, Lowe. (Fig. 849.) — An interesting form, not unlike some of the Davallice; sent from Scotland as an Atliyrium. Pinnules broad and very leafy, the superior basal pinnules very large, their apices blunt. -Sori large and conspicuous. Length nine inches, width three inches. Obtusa, Moore. (Fig. 850.) — Found near AVhithy by Mr. A. Clapham; in Westmorland, at Whitharrow, by Mr. G. B. 432 CYSTOPTEKIS ERAGII-TS. AVollaston, and Kentmcrc by Mr. F. Clowes; in Eorrowdale, Cumberland, by Mr. G. B. Wollaston; Llyn Ogwen, Carnarvon- sbire, by Mr. S. O. Gray; and in Scotland by Mr. A. Tait. Length twelve inches, lanceolate; pinnules peculiarly short, blunt, rounded, ovate, and briefly stalked; lobes profoundly pinnatifid and oblong, margin narrow, bluntly dentate. Colour deep green. Fig. 851.— Upper half of frond. CuiSTATA, Lowe. (Fig. 851.) — This most interesting crested form of Cystopteris fragilis was raised from spores by Mr. C. Elworthy, of Nettlecombe, near Taunton, and tliis is another of those remarkable forms for which we are indebted to the gardener of Sir Charles Trevellyn. The pimne are somewhat distant, and in the lower half of the frond conspicuously crested, becoming more or less normal in the upper half and ( ; YST( ) 1> T K H I S F H A (i I IJ S . brancliin" and cristate at the apex. Length eight inches. i\[y thanks are due to Mr. Elworthy for fronds. Fig. 852.— Base. Fig. 853.— Base. Quadrata, Clajoliam. (Fig. 852.) — Gathered in 1865 by Mr. A. Clapham, of Scarborough, near Rydal. A narrow quadrate form, six inches in length. Pinnsc sub-o^jposite, very remote at the base. The apex of the pinnules and also the lobes of the basal i^innules flat and minutely dentate. I am indebted to Mr. Clapham for a frond. Pulcherrima, Zotve. (Fig. 853.) — Found in the lake dis- trict by Mr. James, of Vauvert. A form of Cijstopteris fraejilis not ixnlike Woodsia ilvcnsis in general appearance. Length seven inches, width one inch and three quarters. Pinna) ascending, very distant .below. Pinnules narrow, with blunt apices. Hirsute and copiously fertile. The illustration is from Mr. James. Axgustata, Smith. — A not uncommon form, found in Devon- shire j at Matlock and Castleton, in Derbyshire; Yorkshire, Westmorland, Cumberland, Carnarvonshire, Lough Gill, Sligo, and in several parts of Scotland. Length twelve inches. Fronds VOL. II. 3 K 434 C Y.S'1'( )]*TE K IS Fit AG 1 1, IS. slender, ;md with a subcordatc apex, liipinnate. rinnae long, tapering, pointed; pinnules oblong -lanceolate, acute, the larger jiinnules profoundly lobed with sharp dentate segments. A subconstant form. ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF CYSTOPTERIS FIIAGILIS. Adiantoides, Loive PAGE. 429 Furcans, Moore . PAGE. 431 Angustata, Smith . 433 Gracile, Lowe . 429 Crispa, Lowe 428 Interrupta, Wollasion 430 Cristata, Loiue . 432 Obfcusa, Lowe . 431 Davallioides, Lowe 431 Pulcherrima, Lowe 433 Decurrens, Moore . . 428 Quadrata, Clapham . 433 Dentata, Hooher 427 Sempervirens, Moore 427 Dickieaiia, Moore . . 429 Trun cata-interr upta, Loive . 429 ii C Y S T 0 P T E R I R b: G I A. LXVII I'ig. 854. — Portion of mature Frond, under side. CYSTOPTERIS REGIA. Desvaux. The Alpine Bladder Fern. PLATE LXVII. Cijstopteris regia, Desvatjx. Pkesl. Fee. Moore. Koch. (i ii E. J. Lowe. “ alpina, Desvaux. Link. Hooker and Arnott. t( ii Bentham. Babington. Mettenius. it ii Moore. Sowerby. Gijstea alpina. Smith. “ regia, Smith. Cgatliea regia. Forster. Smith. “ alpina. Smith. Both. “ incisp. Smith. Cijclapteris regia. Gray. Aspiclium regitim. Swartz. Willdenoiv. Sprengeu. Nyman. “ al'pinnm. Swartz. Willdenow. Schkuiir. Sturm. ii a Sprengel. Taygetense, Bory and Chaubard. 1‘olgpodium regium. LlNNiEUS. PoiRET. “ album. Lam.\.rck. “ alpinum, WULFEN. JaCQUIN. PoIRET. “ crispum. Gouan. VlLLARS. CjlsIoiilrrlK — From the Greek, — a bladder, and }>teris — a Fern. llrflia — Iloyal. 430 CYSTOPTEHIS IIEGIA. An exceedingly interesting uncommon British species. Fronds subtriijinnate. Length three to eight inches. Colour pale green. Erect in habit, and lanceolate in form. Pinn£e unequal, ovate, and acute. Pinnules profoirndly pinnatifid, ovate, lobes more or less linear, and obscurely dentate. Caudex brief and tufted. Stipes variable in length, and slender. V^eiiis branched. Sori abundant, crowded, circular, small, and medial. Indusium thin, transiDarent, and reflexed. Deciduous. Found some seventy years ago in great abundance on a wall at Low Leyton, in Essex, but now rare. Abroad it is found abundantly in the Alps; also a native of Sweden, France, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Greece, Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, Transylvania, and in Asia Minor. Easily cultivated, if well drained and grown in a mixture of light loam, turfy peat, and sand. I'herc arc no varieties. I > < r. S i‘ O P Till H I S MONT A N A. J.XVIIT t ^ Pig. 855.— Pinna of fertile frond, under side. CYSTOPTERIS MONTANA. Bernhardi. The Mountain Bladder Fern. PLATE Lxvm. Cijslopteris montana, u (i “ AlUoni, “ Myrrlddi'folia, Cijathea montiv)ia, Athijrium montanum, AspUliiim montanum, Polijjioditmi m ontanum, “ MijrrlddifoUum, Beknhaudi. Hooker ane Arkott. Fee. Presl. Link. Newman. Bauington. Deakin. Moore. Bentiiam. Koch. SoAVERBY. LeDEBOUR. E. J. LoWE. Newman. Newman. Smith. Roth. Rohling. Swartz. Soukuhr. Willdenoav. Sprengel. Nyman. Lamarck. Allioni. Hgsnke. Poiret. VlLLARS. Cijsioptcfis — From kystos — a bladder, on account of tbc inflated indusluin, and ptcris — a Fern. Montana — Mountain. A DISTINCT .species, with triangular, fragile, tripinnate fronds, and having a long creeping rhizonia. Found first in IHiKi, on Hen LaAvers, in Perthshire, by Mr. . ^Vilson, and since then hy other botanists on mountains 438 CYSTOPTEIUS MONTANA. dividing Glen Dochart and Glen Lochy. More recently ^Ir. J. Backhouse has found it in Canlochcn, at the head of Glen Isla, Clova, in Fifeshire. It grows on mica schist in moist alpine situations, and is one of our rarest British Ferns. It is found abroad in Lapland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Hungary, Kamts- chatka, and in the Rocky Mountains. Caudex creeping. Stipes slender, and longer than the frond; siDaringly scaly, and dark coloured at the base. Rachis and rachides narrowly margined above. Length of frond from four to twelve inches, the leafy portion being only three or four inches; deep green in colour, smooth, triangular in form, and tripinnate. Pinnse ascending, the basal pair very much the largest, being as much as two inches and a half in length. Obliquely ovate, the posterior j)innules double the length of the anterior pinnules. The lower piimte unequal- sided. The larger pinmdes pinnate, the others pinnatifid. Lobes oblong-ovate, with hidentate acute teeth. Sori medial and indusiate, covering the whole of the under surface with roundish spore-cases. . Indusium thin and transparent. Costa nearly straight, with alternate veins, one in each lobe. In cultivation this plant should be grown in a shallow pan, using an oi^en compost, mixed with sphagnum, coarse sand, and fragments of charcoal or stone. It requires abundance of moisture, yet cannot endure stagnant water. There are no varieties. AVOODSIA. 4;?9 GENUS XIV. WOODSIA. R. Bkown. A SMALL genus containing, according to the late Sir W. J. Hooker, in his valuable and comprehensive “Species Filicum,” the following: — Mollis, a native of Mexico. Guatemalensis , of Guatemala. Peruviana, of Peru. Cumingiana, of Chili. Caucasica, fi'om the Caucasus. Elongata, of Northern India. Ohtusa, of North America. Incisa, from the Ai-gentine Republic. Ilvensis, British. Hyperhorea, British. Glabella, from the Great Bear Lake. A twelfth species has more recently been discovered in Japan, and has received the name of Polystichoides. Fronds membranaceous, duninutive, pinnato-pinnatifid or hipinnate. Caudex tufted, erect, or decumbent. Sori indusiate. Indusium calyciform. There are two British species, growing in mountainous districts, and both very rare. ■L'i'.-’ ' l'* • *■ ■ ■ ■ *’•'.. •- ' - ••^i' ' • . /■'•‘.v* *• *5* .Ifl ■ ' . w '■' ,' -4 , ’ ' ‘ .'■ '4 r .,',■■ ’■/ ’ -it - ^ . * . ' ' , • 'i. •» ■ ■ ’.ft'' 1 * f *t< ■* . V- r>*'^ ' •. r\ »;/*■- ■&''• . c£?i • . / . . :v • t .■. «'■ •• . •* '- ■ V'i T'"-' ' 1 .• i ■ V* " :: '•' ,A>i 5^- ■< ' -»• ' .'V 5i? ■ -■, ,yr>'' ^ -V} K. t . ... I* 1 . 1 ■' ay ,>* . * ^ • , ■ '■ ' ■ . , j,-. r ' *'< . - *■' * ^ ■ - '^>1* • . ,. 1. <1- ; h0 K^^*- \ • Tv-y' ’■‘‘, Yr‘*j"‘T* « J • • ' • . ^ ■ "%• -ir' ■ • • . L > T • .1 '■ T- ■ ' !;&'■• ■ ' <1 K »<•;>• ... k '.'* I * 'j# j * 2’MM- ■ •r • ■ ,' -- ^ ? r ■ -■ 'Y V* .t'> ,' ' 1 -*► ' J /■' . ■ ^•■' , ■ .■ !•• ~ \ . , V f/- ' V < «Y ' V'OWi^ > # a. . J •* r !► t a to r .. ' k 4;^> W O 0 P S 1 . H y P E R B O H E A. LXTX Fig. 85G. — Plant, natural size, procured by Mr. Sidebotliain. WOODSIA HYPER BORE A. R. Brown. The Alpine Woodsia. ph.\ TJi LX IX. Woodsia hypnrlorc't, if fi E. Brown. Hooker and Arnott. Smith. Moore. Sowerry. Fee. fi << Hyman. Sprengel. Desvaux. it fi Link. Fries. Ledeboiir. if if Euprecut. E. J. Lowe. “ alpina, if ti Gray. Newman. Tauscii. Deakin. Moore. “ Ilvansis, var., “ intermedia, “ imhesccns, VOL. 11. Babington. Euprecut. Oi’iz. 3 L AVOODSTA HA'PERHOUEA. 442 A crosf! chum nip ! num, “ Injperhoreum, Ccforach alpinum, Polypodium arvmiicum, hyperhoreum, <( Bolton. Poiret. Liljisblad. De Candolle. Smith. Swartz. Smith. Schkuhr. Presl. Willdenow. Sturm. Weuer and Mohr. hyperhoreum., var. graeilc, Wahlenberg. Ilvcnse, fontanum, Withering. LiNNjEUS. Woodsia — Named in honour of Joseph Woods, a celebrated British A SPECIES even more rare than Woodsia Ilvensis. It has been found in North Wales, on Snowdon, by Mr. L. Clark. In Scotland Professor Balfour has found it near Crieff, (on Ben Chonzie,) Perthshire; Glen Isla, Forfarshire; and on the Clova Mountains, (Glen Fiadh.) Mr. Dickson and Mr. W . Wilson on Ben Lawers, Mael-dun-Crosk, Catjaghiamman, on Craig Challiach, Perthshire; and Mr. J. T. Syine between Glen Ivochy and Glen Dochart. It is a native of Finland, Lapland, Sweden, Pussia, Norway, Germany, France, Switzerland, Spain, Hungary, Transylvania, Silesia, Siberia, in the Punjab on the Himalaya, in America on the Rocky Mountains and in Massachusetts. The fronds are linear, pinnate, without scales, though slightly hairy. Pinnse somewhat triangular, pinnatifid, lobes roundish ob ovate. Caudex brief. Length of frond from two to six inches, membranaceous, and pale green in colour. Pinme mostly alternate, the basal ones distant. Sori medial, circular in form, and copious. Woodsia hyperhorea differs from Woodsia Ilvensis in haAung the fronds smaller, narrower, and smoother. Under ciiltiA^ation the Woodsias should be kept out of sunshine. Drain well, and use a compost of light loam, sand, a little peat, with charcoal and broken stones. There are no Aarieties. botanist. Hyperhorea — N orthern. VV 0 O U S I A I L V K N a I S. LXX Fig. 857.— A Welsh plant, natural size, found b}" Mr. Sidebotliain. WOODSIA ILVENSIS. R. Brown. The Oblong Woodsia. PLATE LXX. Woodsia Ilvensis, E. Brown. Smith. Deakin. Link. Hooker and Arnott. Babington. SowBRBY. Newman. Moore. Fries. Bentiiam. Sprengel. Kaulfuss. Ledebour. Mettenius. Euprecut. A. Gray. Nyman. E. J. Lowe. “ hijpcrhorea var. rujidida, Koch. “ paleacea, Opiz. “ Raiana, Newman. “ rufidttla, Beck. “ vestita, Sprengel. Acrostichum Ilvensis, Linnteus. Hudson. “ Marantdi, 1’ ALLAS. H(ENKE. Aspidium rujiduhim, Swartz. Willdenow “ disians, ViVIANA. Laslrea rufidnla, Eresl. 444 WOODSIA ILVENSIS. NophroiUuni rujidalum, Noihochltuna rufidida, Poly podium Ilvense, Michaux. Desvatjx. ViLLAKs. Ruth. Swahtz. Pkesl. ScUKUIIIl. WlLT.DENOW. StUKM. aruonicum MarantcE, WlTIlEiaNG Hoffmann. Wpodtiia — In honour of Joseph Woods, a celebrated British botanist. Ilvensis — After the Island of Ilua. One of our rarest British Ferns, occasionally found on the mountains of Westmorland, Cumberland, Durham, and Car- narvon. In Scotland found near Loch Skene, Dumfriesshire, by the Rev. W. Little; north of Moffat by Mr. P. Gray; and abundantly on the hills dividing Dumfries and Peeblesshire by INIr. W. Stevens. In Perthshire Dr. Balfour has found it near Crieff on Ben Chonzie, and Mr. J. Backhouse on Ben Lawers. In Forfarshire Mr. M^ilson and Mr. J. Backhouse have seen it on the Clova Mountains, at Glen Fiadh, and in iMorayshire Mr. S. F. Gray has found it at Forres. Abroad this Fern is abundant in Northern Eurojje. Occur- ring in Iceland, Lapland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Russia, (Nova Zembla, Caucasus, and the Crimea,) Spain, Italy, France, Germany, Switzerland, Flungary, Siberia, Kamtschatka, Arctic America, Canada, United States, and in the Rocky Mountains. The fronds are lanceolate, oblong in form, pinnate, thinly scaly. Pimice oblong, obtuse, and profoundly pinnatifid; lobes oblong. Caudex brief and tufted. Stipes brownish. Length from one to two inches. Fronds from two to six inches in length, and of a dull green colour. Pinnee more distant below and spreading. Sori copious, and situated below the apex of the venules. Circular. The peculiarity of this genus consists in the small concave scale which rests on the vein below the sorus, having a fringed margin spreading over the spore-cases. This rare Fern grows in the crevices of moist rocks in mountains, at an altitude of twelve hundred to two thousand feet. There are no varieties. GENUS XV. TIUCHOMANES. Linnaeus. Although this genus is represented in -Great Britain by a solitary species, Sir W. J. Hooker has described no less than eighty-seven species in his “Species Filicuni,” and of these thirteen are found in Jamaica, eleven in Java, eight in Guinea, seven in Brazil, five in Bourbon, five in the Mauritius, five in New Zealand, four in Madagascar, and four in Peru, and the remaining twenty-five are one or more of them to be met with in Ceylon, Mexico, Nepal, Cayenne, Orinoco, Chiloc, Sierra Leone, Barbadoes, West Africa, East Indies, West Indies, Onalau, British Guiana, or the Islands of Falkland, Luzon, Juan Eeimandez, Sandwich, Philippine, Pacific, or Seychelles. This genus is widely spread over the warmer regions of the world. TricJiomanes is closely allied to Hymenophyllum, yet easily recognised from that genus. The distinguishing feature in Trichomanes is the peculiar entire urn-like cup in which the spore-cases arc developed; whilst in Hymenophyllum this is split down to the base into two divisions. "YT A- I'A ” ft' '. * ■ ♦'■•‘ti ■■.*'■• 5-^ ■ a'- -. ! JL» »V%4 1, s, , ,„- f-t ’ '1,’V’. ^ if' ■ »' I ^ fc. i ^ ' ♦*' J, » #^*>' ■' ■' . 'iif'' * ■" i' ..- ■ • ’•'< Jw-Jcr^tn'iSSr^ ija\ ' ''y^ 4 ^ • ■ ■ ' .fr' , yX?'>S!tvr« ■■/ '-• .'■ I.’v/ 1 -fti/ii* '.I'- »■' >?♦ * ' .“•■■■ ^T^-> ^^^'*V. -^V' '*•■.. ^, - - . , "^Vi-sa • • . ,4-; .• ; ■. • 5* J- '. >>-' ' •••’,■ m ■ ■ * '■ft' ' *.t; '■’ ■ ' ">■*■■ ^ rrj'i t*y 7i' iji ■ ■}* . ^-, - ■ ■ ' ^ 4 ' ' _ 1 • '* Y • . ■ - 1 . V ' S' , ^ ..,.iLV '. TRICMOMANES RADTCANS. LX XI 1 v; i ''T •<. '.v-A V ", ■•H7 » .V I* ■m _ • ' • ' '"'■ ■■ft'" .‘/;-'V''' '■ ‘I *’> • Vj- ,.' ■■" y '">. . ■; '^^'■’ ■■' ■-■ ' *#0 ■ -i ■•■ '..« ;^' ■- ..■Vj'--'.’ pv^v: -.iiirfA^. •...■■ .■;, -:.t'.; 'aJ^. ;, ., ..,,,. i? ' '^/ ■v*!'' ■ ' ' i'''''.-**" "... "' ’ ‘‘i “, * ■ jy •♦ '• •■' !• ^r .. . ''\ - i ^ i:'.' jiv.AwA:^'.., . ■ .< y - y - • r'r- 'A'.'' '--(•••'% H' • y ’-.hky^^ kS-vV,..,; ■: ' ’V}'- •■ . ' - "'‘' ■ '■ ! A , . -i' 1-31^ •■jTY ml.4: i • ,: '. . ' - yfffi '■■3' " ■: l5i^'A - . jiiwplp •:■. .--.‘4 i!*'.- '.--f 4 - ; X •■ ,v ■' '• - V • :'^1 . ->vii ‘v4^' '.V “*S n« ^ U'»J .y '<%r ; A'l^y * ' • • <»V,'t 4^v"'.,- JV'^' V’ «.*/ • S"' ■■’• ■ > y w : 'f w>- ^..;* jd. y Fig. 858. — rortioii of fertile frond, under side. TKICHOMANES RADICANS. Swartz. The Bristle Fern. PLATE LXXI. Trichomanes radicans, Swaktz. Willdenow. Babingtox. “ “ Deakin. Hooker and Arnott. Moore. “ “ Klotzsch. Newman. Sowerby. Puesl. “ “ Bentham. Sprengel. Nyman. E.J. Lowe. “ amhiguum, “ Jtturopoeum, “ Hihernicum, “ hrevisetum, “ alatum, “ speciosum, ti «( “ pyxidiferum, “ anceps, “ scandens, “ umbrosum, “ diap/ianum, “ Andrewsii, (var. Andrewsii,) Didymofflossum alatum, Hymenophyllum alatum, “ Tunhridgeme, var., “ rupestrc, Sieber. S.MITH. Sprengel. E,. Brown. Smttii. Presl. Mackay. E. Brown. Hooker, [not of Swartz.) Willdenow. Sprengel. Presl. Newman. Hudson. Bolton, {not of Linnieus.) Wallich, {not of Hooker ) Hedwig. Eaddi. Martens & Galleotti. Wallich. Humboldt. Bonpland. Kunth. Newman. Hbsvaux. Smith. Willdenow, {not of Schkuhr.) Smith. Baddi. 41S T lU ( ! 1 1 ( ) M A X F, S R A 1 ) r C A X S . Trichomanes — From ihrix — hair, and mano.i — soft, from tlic delicate fronds. Radicans — Hooting. A RARE British Fern, which formerly grew near Bingley, in Yorkshire, as in 1758 Bolton saw it there in abundance, and in 1782 he could only find one root. It has been found in Ireland in County Wicklow, in Hermitage Glen by Dr. Mackay, and Powcrscourt WaterMl by Dr. Stokes; in County Cork, at Glendine, by Mr. R. Ball; Glanbour by Mr. J. A. Fisher; Temple Michael Glen by Mr. D. Murray; Ballinhasy Glen and Bandon by Mr. S. P. Woodward; Fall of the Clash- gariffe by Mr. J. Drummond; near Glandore by Dr. Allman; near Bantry by Professor C. C. Babington; from one thousand to twelve hundred feet on Carrigeena, Kildorrery, by Mr. J. Carrol; in County lYaterford, in the Valley of the Blackwater, by Dr. Kinahan; in County Limerick, Cumailte Mountains, by Dr. Mackay; in County Kerry, Tore Mountain, KiUarney, by Dr. Mackay; Island of Valentia by Miss H. Blackburne; Cro- magaun JMountain by Mr. W. Cristy; Mount Eagle by Mr. D. Moore; Gortagaree by Dr. Taylor; Blackstones, Glouin, Carach, and Inveragb by Mr. W. Andrews; Cui’aan Lake, Waterville, by Professor C. C. Babington; and in several other localities not made public. It has been found growing luxuriantly in some abundance in several places, extending over several miles in Wales, but the localities have been kept secret; indeed it has been found necessary to refrain from making the habitats known, from a dread of its extermination by collectors, as has already been the case in some localities; this Fern fetching a high price, and therefore being much sought after, is an inducement to uproot it wherever found. Abroad it is a native of Spain, of Teneriffe, the Canary Isles, Madeira, and the Azores, India, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Panama, New Grenada, Brazil, Venezuela, in the Galapagos and Society Isles, and Sandwich Islands. Fronds six to sixteen inches in length, of which the stijies is from a third to a half of this length, membranaceous, jjellucid, smooth, and dark olive green. Ovate-triangular, the apex some- what attenuate. Tripinnatifid. The pinnae ovate-lanceolate, with oblong segments, dentate; the teeth being brief and linear. THICHOMANES RADICANS. 449 Stipes above having a narrow membranaceous margin or wing. Rachis margined throughout with this membranaceous wing. Veins branched, in the sterile fronds terminating within the margin, and in fertile fronds continued beyond the margin, and forming the receptacle. Fructilication extra-marginal. Involucre cujj-shajied. The sterile fronds will remain on the plant, if uninjured, for a number of years, and the fertile fronds require several years to arrive at maturity. I have large plants growing in great luxuriance, which are grown in large pans filled above the drainage with lumps of freestone, amongst which is a compost of lumps of peat and a moderate sprinkling of silver-sand; when planted the rhizomas Avere pegged tightly to the peat and stones. These pans were elevated in larger pans filled with water, which made a canal of water round the plants, and the whole placed in square glass frames, having a glass lid to open in order to water, which is thrown on the fronds in a small shower every morning. This glass frame is a great advantage over the beU-glass, as the fronds remain untouched. The plants are grown in a shady portion of a greenhouse. There are several varieties: — Axduewsu, Moore. (Fig. 859.) — Found in Glouin Caragh, Ireland, by Mr. W. Andrews. This variety differs from the normal form in having narrower, more lanceolate fronds, in the pinnaj being more distant and distinct, the involucres Fig. 8o’J. VOL. II. 3 M 450 T U I CH OM A N K S R A PI C A N S . quite sunk in the margin of the frond, instead of being almost stalked as in the normal form. The stipes is also more elongated and less marginal winged. Dilatatum, Backhouse. — A form resembling the Hymeno- phyllum dilatatum which Messrs. Backhouse, of York, have procured from Ireland, having large very dark green fronds, with much less divided pinnules, which are broadly winged. I am indebted to Messrs. Backhouse for a plant. Alatum, Backhouse. — A conspicuously-winged variety, found in Ireland. I have not seen fronds of this Fern. Furcans, Lowe. (Plate LXXII. — A.) — Found in Ireland. Differing merely in being branched. As yet it is uncertain whether it will he a permanent variety. HYMENOPIIYLhUM. 4;>1 GENUS XVI. HYMENOPHYLLUM. Smith. Scarcely differing from Trichomanes , the mark of distinction consisting in the involucres being two-valved. There are t-wo British species; and eighty-five knoAvn species are described by Sir W. J. Hooker in his “Species Eilicum;” of these ten are natives of New Zealand, nine of Jamaica, nine of Chiloe, seven of Java, five of Mamitius, four of Brazil, three of Columbia, three of Peru, three of Caraccas, and three of Nepal. M- ■ ’ ^ V.^ : . ; •■ ; ■.•"■ (f ■ •’ -I I .’ **' ■ ■ \_\ f ( C-. Vi’ ., ■ 4 1 ^ ^ . ■ ’Q n IjsX'-V. -V •^‘•' *•' '■ jl ■«*•/■ '-V »'■ — ' ' ' •'•>••'•. - • ‘ j ^ * I'fZ >M/:W>- , • i* i'Jt m 4 TRICIIOj/ AMKS UADICANS, Var. 1-ui‘cniis. II Y M E U C r I-! Y L L U M T U K B H I D G F X i? ■'' . LXXIT Fig. 860. — Portion of pinna, magnified. HYMENOPHYLLUM TUNBRIDGENSE. Smith. The Tunbridge Film Fern. PLATE LXXII. B. HymenoplLijllam Tunbridgense, (( (( U l( (< <( It (( (< (I Smith. Hooker and Arnott. Babington. Mackat. Deakin. Newman. Moore. Sowerbt. Bentiiam. Gray. Brown. WlELDENOW. SpRENGEL. PrESL. Nyman. Schkuhr. E. J. Lowe. “ asperuhim. Kunze. Presl. “ Tliunbergii, Ecklon. Presl. “ minimum. Richard. A. Cunningham. “ revolutum, COLENSO. “ cujyressiforme, Labillardiere. Trichomanes pulchelhim, Salisbury. “ T^t,nhridgense, LiNNiEus. Hedwig. Hynienophyllum — From the Greek, liymmos, a membrane, ami phyllon, a leaf. Ihinbridyenea — Tunbridge. Found in mountainous and damp rocky situations, or amongst moss on the ground and tlic trunks of trees. This moss-like Fern grows in the counties of Cornwall, 454 HY.MENOPHYLLUM TUNHHIDGENSP:. Devon, Somerset, Kent, Sussex, Cheshire, Lancashire, Yorkshire, Cumberland, Westmorland, Glamorgan, Brecknock, Merioneth, Carnarvon, Dumfries, Lanark, Peebles, Argyle, Dumbarton, Galway, Clare, Tipperary, Cork, Waterford, Kerry, and the Islands of Valentia, Mull, Bute, and Arran. It is also a native of Norway, Sweden, Germany, Italy, France, and Belgium; in India, Madeira, the Azores, Mauritius, Chili, Brazil, New Holland, New Zealand, Tasmania, Valdivia, and the Caj^e of Good Hoj)e. Fronds annual, pellucid-membranaceous, smooth. Length from one to six inches, colour olive green. More or less lanceolate-ovate in form, and pinnate below. Pinnse alternate and decurrent, and furcately-bipinnatifid. Segments linear, obtuse, and serrated. Veins dichotomously branching. Fructification extra-marginal. Receptacle oblong-clavate, free, and central. Involucres two-valved, semi-orbicular, sessile, and erect, the upper margin spinuously serrated. Stipes slender and wiry, rachis winged, caudex filiform, creej)ing, densely branching. Found from the sea level to the height of twelve hundred feet, and delighting to grow in a warm, damp, sheltered situation. Under cultivation the same treatment adopted with Tricliomanes radicans will suit this Fern, and it succeeds best when planted in a pan at an inclination of forty-five degrees, and kept constantly moist. There are no varieties. LXXIII Fig. 8G1. — Portion of pinna, magnified. HTMENOPHYLLUM UNILATEEALE. Bory. Wilson's Film Fern. PLATE LXXIII. Hymenophyllum unilaterale, (< (< <( (( “ Wilsoni, (< (< “ Tiinhridc/ense, “ peltatum, “ Meyeri, “ Menziesii, Trichomanen Tunbridyense, “ peltatum. Bory. Willdenoty. Newman. Moore. Sowerby. Sprengel. Presl. Hooker. E. J. Lowe. Hooker and Arnott. Wilson. Mackay. Babington. Deakin. Presl. Nyman. ScHKUHR. KuNZE. BeNTUAM. Desvaux. Presl. Presl. Lightfoot. Bolton. POIRET. JTymevophyllum — From the Greek, hymenos, a membrane, and phyllon, a leaf. Unilaterale — One-sided. A MOKE common species than H. Tunhridgimse, and found in the counties of Cornwall, Devon, Stafford, Salop, Lancashire, York, Northumberland, Westmorland, Cumberland, Glamorgan, ‘ <’/: ;- ; ' ',V. \'r.' T- .'^' ’.1 t .^^ -■''I*/! ».i'- ■: ■• ■ %. . I ..; *,vi. tt) * 4 i i.‘ ^*{V , • '^ . tif' \ ■> '.V'.'.- •*1I*-*- ’• * ’•#'.‘*^ ^1(1^11 <» *r*:. fr .SEi •«r^'| r* * - • ' '.‘s' ■ ■ •: ■ ' - '-I »"f- . ,." -V V' :• , ' ...i. » > « i A .<% A ^ \ it ^ V .. ■»/» / / ■ ’' U. . '• 1 j-j ^dih O S M U K D A R E C, A !.■ I S. LXXIV \ Fig. 8G2.— Pinnule of mature frond, upper side. OSMUNDA REGALTS. LlN'NiEUS. The Royal Fern. PI,.\TE LXXTV. Osmunda regalis. Aphyllocalpa regalis, Struthiopieris regalis, Linn.i:us. Bolton. Smith. Gray. Hooker and Arnott. Mackat. Moore. Hewman. Babington. Deakin. Sowerby. Bentham. ScHKUHR. Swartz. Willdenow. Sprengel. Presl. Nyman. Ledebour. Fries. Koch. Sturm. E. J. Lowe. Cavanilles. Bernhardi. Osmunda — Said to be in commemoration of Osmund, a waterman of Loch Tyne, who is related to have hid his wife and daughter on an island lake covered with this Fern. Regalis — Hoyal. This most interesting and majestic species grows usually at or near the sea-level, and is seldom found exceeding three hundred feet in elevation. It is a native of the counties of Cornwall, Devon, Hants, Dorset, Wilts, Su-ssex, Middlesex, Surrey, Bucks, Essex, Suffolk, 4G0 OSMUNDA ]{liOAI,l.S. Norfolk, Cambridge, Warwick, Monmouth, Hereford, AVorcester, Salop, Nottingham, (now, I fear, extinct,) Cheshire, Lancaster, York, Durham, Northumberland, Westmorland, Cumberland, Clamorgan, Pembroke, Merioneth, Flint, Carnarvon, Isles of Anglesea, Purbeck, and Wight. In Scotland in Dumfries, Kircudbright, Lanark, Kincardine, Perth, Forfar, Aberdeen, Argyle, Dumbarton, Sutherland, Islands of Arran, Bute, Mull, Islay, Uist, Flarris, Lewis, and Shetland. In Ireland, Donegal, Galway, Dublin, King’s County, AYicklow, Cork, Kerry, AVaterford, Clare. Also in Jersey. Abroad a native of Denmark, Russia, Sweden, Gothland, Holland,' France, Italy, Switzerland, Sixain, Belgium, Germany, Hungary, Portugal, Turkey, Croatia, Transylvania, India, Azores, Algeria, Natal, Madagascar, Newfoundland, Canada, United States, Mexico, and Brazil. This Fern grows erect and trunk -like, with a stipes half the length of the frond, smooth and pale green (except when young.) Fronds more or less erect, varying in length from two to twelve feet, and bright yellow green in colour ; membranaceous. Bipinnate to tripinnate, broadly lanceolate in form. The fronds are part sterile, and part have a terminal fertile panicle. Sterile jDinnse sub-opposite, OAmte-lanceolate, and distant. Pinnules from an inch to two inches and a half long, sessile, oblong-ovate, with a somewhat widened base, occasionally auricled or deeply lobed. A'eins forked near the base. Fructification. The whole or a jDortion of the upper pinnae transformed into a bij)innate, contracted, inflorescent iianicle. Spore-cases crowded on the margin. At Santander, in the north of Spain, in 1860, I saw numerous dwarf plants in the cre\-ices of low rocks by the sea side, where they would be frequently washed by sea waves. A dozen years ago three plants alone remained in the fields of Air. C. Allcock, at Bulwell, Nottinghamshire. They were evidently dying from being too dry, as the land had been drained. I brought one to Highficld House, and it has become a large plant bearing fronds six feet in length. The others, in their native habitat, lingered for a couple of years and then died. It would be a difficiilt matter to find a more graceful and elegant plant than the Osmunda regalis when grown on the OSMUNDA KliGALIS. 461 banks of a lake or stream of water. Though easily cultivated it is several years before it recovers itself after being transplanted. There are a few varieties: — Fig. 8G3. Cristata, Moore. (Fig. 863.) — A remarkably handsome form, which accidentally came into the possession of Messrs. Osborn and Sons, of Fulham, and by them distributed. Length three feet, width two feet, broadly ovate in form, bipinnate, the rachis being furcate, and the apex multifid crisped. The apices of the pinnse dilated into a large, spreading, crispy, fan-shaped tuft, and the apices of the pinnules also dilated and multifidlv lobed. My thanks are due to IMessrs. Osborn for a plant presented to me several years ago, and which has flourished with me to such an extent, that, at the British Association Floral Fete, in August, 1866, it won the first prize as a sjjecimen British Fern, being symmetrical in form, and fourteen feet in ’circumference. Interuupta, Moore. — In the possession of Mr. Sim, of Foot’s Cray. Differing in having a few normal pinnie, and the rest reduced in size, and of a roundish fiabcllate form. Bui.uifera, Lowe. — The exact counterpart of cristata, raised from spores by Mr. Clift, of Birmingham, and merely differing in having a bulbil at the base of the pinna;. My thanks arc due to Mr. (4ift for a plant. »-r ■-: J ■ ^ '•# af.-,' ■<- • 'iJ I f ^ 'P«t;«P',U ^ = ■ ■■' ' ‘ T#*''*' f >i’.v*rr*TM mL ^' *■ -■* y. , ■' ,.■’, -.rV..*,»i' r.f ,, 1^ j-ju \^'.'/4T''** Bk.* .'V^ • ‘ ! . '7 ^ ' ’ ’ '■ ‘7’-' i / ■ * AtVlV '* ■*" ■11^ ' Vi '.I < ./■• r-> ;^Wo ... >'..it>’ii»t*4ti»%j|j ' ’ '• -ttiStH trfiu ''wiSnitp^*'^iiv' » . 'ii ''w-'^»A lagM .J 'r' . k’^H, * / "^-7 ' ttNr’’-<'#'“'’'’‘'^ ' ■*'. ■' ■''*'■•' V ..r • '■^^rV,'"' *r ^ 1 . ‘ *T*'^ r » • » , >'•*. ■^i'*'" ' ■; ''■• ’ ' • yk, .-■7.- , jt - i • 1 »; r.l i\. ' ■<■ f ^ ’ ■’’ ’*^*' ■ ■* ' V • : y, Pl.r^ "7. ■'<• *• " Vi 0 iri » W Vi' ■ ■ . -‘k>^iJi(Wto «ii^l ■''k ^v ✓ / . I • ' ' ,vU r . > ‘ V '•. •* • k, OVHIOGLOSSUJr. 4();j GENUS XVIII. OPHIOGLOSSUM. Linnaeus. A GENUS closely approaching Botrychnim, and like that Fern very difficult to cultivate. There are two British siiccies. ’ •■•i»v *>■ •; ft ■• Ji^:' ;- ■ . „ ^ *iA‘- fi;r V' -'‘U/V , y^r- ifev^v'** •' ' , ■■ < f -"k'V., • . ..,■•■<1. ", ‘ ' I.' . •' T/ I k ^ - fc ■ Kk ■■ . • ■ ■ . '■ ^:v .' :.:'v ^ i ' 'M .-k. ^“1 '- ^'5-.-- ^‘*‘^,.,s;^' ’f ■■' -■•, ■'5 ’iVW" ^ , -.r.. .'V K:j|an'/'x >-:r>ui.i vl?' '.„ ' ■ ^ ■ ’•'■* I »1 • 1 f - ‘ • ;; 'V'- ;5 .i - A, /' ■, ^ ■ ''' ■ ■ . . ^s, •'■ Z Ik srt ' ' ^ *. •'-' --Vi .•■ » vJ. *5^ ■ > »> ■■ *■ .' , ■• j’ >j fi,; ' "m 'v I, .. t' •‘.I.." , • • •' T‘. -Vi'." ■. iZs*: •<■, -•<■ ' -• •>-*.■:' Z'-V <.. 'A ' /' IK • »Wi <. • . j *.. 'A ' vf** * SB", -V^W-. \ ' •'»"■ • •.W->- - ■-• , D • • ' / • V. i , S‘ ■■, .■ -Z'i.- -'r''^ •. ■ I. ■ > <•-' ■iS 1 ^r*'t' 1 ''•il''IMli8n 'r' Z'V. ^ — OPHIOGLOSSrU VULQATUM. O. LUSITANICl LX XV Fig. 8(54. — Portion of barren frond. OPHIOGLOSSUM VULGATUM. Linn^us. The Common Adder's Tongue. PLATE LXXV. A. Ophioglossum vulgatum, ovatum, Riehlii, unifolium, Grayi, microstichum. LinNjEds. Bolton. Smith. Mackat. Hookeb and Aenott. Babington. Newman. Dbakin. Moobe. Gray. SowEEBY. Bentham. Swaetz. Koch. ScHKUHE. SpEENGEL. WiLLDENOW. Presl. Nyman. Sturm. Ledebour. Mettenius. E. J. Lowe. Salisbury. Presl. Gilibeet. Beck. Acgarius. Svensk. Ophioglossum — From ophios — a sorpont, and glossa — a tongue, hence its name. Vulgatum — Common. This diminutive inconspicuous Fern is a widely-dispersed British Fern, occurring in moist loamy meadows from tlic sea-level to six hundred feet elevation. Dispersed throughout Europe, and occurring in North VOL. II. 3 O 466 OFIIIOGLOSSUM VULGATUM. America, Mexico, New Zealand, New Holland, Cape of Good Hope, in the Caucasus, East Indies, Siberia, and in Kamtschatka. Fronds three to twelve inches in length, thin and fleshy. Sterile frond smooth, sessile, entire, ovate-elongate, and yellowish green in colour. Fertile frond — a single spike terminating an elongate footstalk. Spike linear. '\"eins anastomosing without a midvein. Microstichum, Moore. — Found at Swanbister, in the Island of Orkney, by Mr. J. T. Syme. Much smaller, narrower, and the frond becoming mature in September, at a time when the normal form has died away. Fig. 865. — Barren frond, upper side, (slightly magnified.) OPHIOGLOSSUM LUSITANICUM. Linn^us. The Dwarf Adder's Tongue. PLATE LXXV. B. Ophioglossum lusitanicum, (( (( (( (<* ii H it it it “ angustifolium minimum, “ vulgatum var. lusitanium, Linnjjus. Moore. Newman. SoWEEBY. BaBINGTON. PrESL. SwAETZ. WlLLDENOW. Speengel. Lindley. Nyman. Hookee and Greville. E. J. Lowe. Baeeeliee. Hooker and Aenott. Ophioglossum — From ophios — a serpent, and glossa — a tongue, hence its name. Lusitanicum — Lusitania. A DIMINUTIVE species, Mr. G. Wscy. discovered in 1854 in Guernsey by Ol’HlOGIiOSSUM GUSITANICUM. 4()S The fronds do not arrive at maturity till October. Not as yet found in England, Scotland, Ireland, or Wales. A native of France, Italy, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Sicily, Dalmatia, Tangiers, Algiers, Madeira, Teneriffe, the Canary Isles, Azores, Cape de Verd Isles, Swan River, New Zealand, Tasmania, and St. Helena. A most difficult Fern to cultivate; found wild, growing on the summit of roeks among short grass. Fronds two inches in height, thick, and fleshy, pale green in colour. Sterile fronds linear -lanceolate, smooth, and tapering into the stipes. Fertile frond longer, the spike linear-oblong, half an inch long, wider above the base, and having on each margin from three to six spore-cases. Veins anastomosing, without a midvein. Stij)es erect, and from a third to half the length of the frond. There are no varieties. GENUS XIX. BOTRYCHIUM. Swartz. A SINGULAR family, witli herbaceous, dwarf, iion-feni-likc fronds. Only one British species. ■ ■ '■ -oi ^'-s ..'i-- ■'■■ .?* ■• -• > -yr -V t/- . !? • .'• 4^. 'h U! ^ j ^ V . ' ^.' - 1-' '''A .r . ’•■■’(, I .t ' * \ •n , 'i i/- . ■' A' * , y.Qf, . #■ ♦' ■ h s /r I • , / ' ' ■ • V. ‘ >'’ ■■ : *' . , ■ . - . r ''V.-.j.v^-^.'-vil S:"- ;* • .'■' i9 lj,jjr' -. J ■ ■ '■’ ‘ ‘ ■ '■• ■ *V^' ";V- V" . : "./,■ ' - ■ ■>■.*•. t b ■■•.*;-• ■ ■ • ' « ' ■ * ■:*i ' 1 ' ' ^ .*« ■ i-f-' V- V- - ^‘>.-B)r^'.v .t-v V 4'>V - ^ '- C ■ T» ■ ■'■■- 'V« V" •;* ■* ’» ’ ' -» ♦ . '. _• r:.^ J j ■ ' ' ♦’vf’ » ' ^ * '• • . s' . ■> ^ .' *ir^' ^ if ■»; . » .- H ' I . 1.^ > t ' s * * r... : " V ' -S •.r-j t . ’, - ' t ► f • /f • i(L'*V . *'« f.. ■ y.- . • V M ■'is.., ' -ii "S * ’j I' ' . V' '•■ ’ ■ •; ■ ■ ‘ "rt '■> ' ■'■ 'E^. ;.' ' , ■■V’lk'. Crp^. •'* ■ '■ ’ ■ ■ JBOTHYCniUM LUNAllIA. B. J.UNARIA, Var. Moorei. LXXVI ( I.r, -f . Fig. 866. — Portion of barren frond. BOTRYCHIUM LUNARIA. Swartz. The Common Moonwort. PLATE LXXVI. A. Botrychium lunaria, (t it (( (t <( (( (( (( (( (i “ lunatum, Botrypus lunaria, Osmunda lunaria, tt it “ lunata, OpJdoglossum pennatum, Botrychium rutaceum, tt tt t( a “ lanceolatum, “ matricariccfolium, SwAKTz. Smith. Mackat. Mooee. Hooker and Aenott. Babtngton. Deakin. Newman. Willdenow. Kinahan. Soweebt. Bentham. ScHKUHE. Spbengel. Peesl. Koch. Nyman. Ledebohe. Milde. E J. Lowe. Gray. Eichaed. Linna5us. Bolton. Smith. Stdem. Both. Salisbuey. Lamarck. SwAETz. Willdenow. Schkdhr. Peesl. Newman. Babington. Ledeboue. Bgprecht. Braun. Woods. Milde. Botrychium — From hotrys — a cluster of grapes. Lunay'ia — The Moon. A COMMON yet local species, growing in dry exposed pastures from the sea-level to an altitude of three thousand feet. 472 HOTRYCHTUM LUNAKIA. A native of most parts of Europe. Found in Siberia, Sikkim, Kamtschatka, Newfoundland, Greenland, Bear Lake, Behring’s Straits, Fuegia, Tasmania, Victoria; the Himalaya, Ural, Altai, and Rocky Mountains. Difficult to cultivate, and requiring to be transplanted in the grass sod in which it is found, as the grass seems to be essential to its existence. Length of frond from two to ten inches, stout and fleshy. Sterile fronds smooth, dark green, pinnate, with from four to seven somewhat lunate pinnae. Fertile frond narrow, rachiform spikelets flattened, and being on the inner side, a double row of erect grape-like spore-cases. The fronds spring up in April, and die away in July. There are a few varieties: — Rxjtaceum, Moore. — Differs in having a broad triangular twice-divided sterile frond, and in the three to four pairs of secondary divisions being narrow-oblong. Found at Barry, near Dundee. Tripartitum, Moore. — Found by the late Dr. Kinahan on Kilmashogue Hill, in the county of Dublin. Fronds deltoid, differing from the normal form in having a three-parted instead of a single axis, each frond resembling three normal fronds. Incisum, Milde, {Moorei, Lowe.) (Plate LXXVI — B.) — Found at Halifax by Mr. Bolton; Crosby Ravensworth, West- morland, by the late Mr. Clarke; Kilnasanton, Dublin, by Dr. Kinahan. Differing in having the pinnee deeply incised, and so cutting the margins into narrow segments. SYNONYMES USED IN VOL. II. Acropteris septentrionalis Acrostichiim alpiiium hypevboreum . Ilvensis laciniatum lineatum Marantce . nemorale platyneuron ruta-miiraria septentrionale . spicant . Adiaiitum Africanum . capillus coriandrifolium cuneifolium . depen dens fontanum Moritzianum . . pygmceum . I’epandum tenerum trapeziforme . trifidum Allosorus acutifolius aquilinus araclinoideus . capensis caudatua . Hottcntottus lanuginosus recurvatus . Tauricus . villosus Araesium Germanicum . ruta-muraria . septentrionale . Aph^llocalpa regalia . Aspidium alpinum colobodon dentatum diaphanum . distans filix-foeraina fontaimm VOL. II. PAGE PAGE 161 Aspidium fragile 426 442 Halleri . 163 442 montanum . 437 443 Nepalense . 426 161 Pontederse . 426 380 regium . . 435 443 rhcBticum 426 380 rufidulum . 443 169 ti’ifidum 426 222 Taygetense . 435 161 viridulum 426 380 Asplenium altemifolium . 159 417 acutum 172, 184 417 adiantum-lanceolatum 171 417 adiantum-nigrum 200 417 var. attenuatum . 184 417 var. crispatum . 184 417 var. elongatum . 184 417 var. furcatum . 184 222 var. laciniatum . 184 417 aquilinum . 408 417 argutirm . 171, 184 185 Billotii 151 417 Breynii . . 159 408 bifurcatum . 161 408 capense . . 172 408 cetorach 371 408 cuneatum . . . . 151 408 cuneifolium . 172 408 Davallioides 172, 184 408 dichroum 200 408 elacliopbyllum . 200 408 elongatum . 230 408 filix-foemina . 3 1.59 fissum 172, 184 222 Porsteri 184 161 fontanum, var. pi’oliferum 170 459 var. rcfractum . 170 435 furcatum 161 426 Halleri . 163 426 Harovii 200 426 Heuffelli . 172 4rl3 bnmilo . 172, 184 3 incisum 172, 184 163 iiiterraediiim . 3 1’ :i, 216 474 SYNONYMES. TAGE Aspleniuin leptophyllum . 222 IcEtum .... 185 lucidum . . . .181 luriduQi . . . 172 mariimm, var. mkrodon 154 Matthioli . . . 222 melanocaulon . . . 2(X) microdoii . . . 154 microphyllum . . 2UU multicaule 172, 184, 222 murale . . . .221 inurale, var. . . 169. umrorum . . ■ 222 Newmani . . . 2UU uigrum . . . .172 novum . . . 172, 184 obtusum . . . 184 oreopteris ... 1 72 parvulum ... • 189 patens . . . 172, 184 Perreymondii . . .152 polypodioides . . 169 productum . .172, 184 pygmoeum . . . . resiliens . • • 169 rotundatnm . • 152 saxatile .... 200 scolopendrium . . 230 serpentini . • 172, 184 iSilesiacum . . 172, 183 sinuatum . . 372, 373 spicanb . . . 379 tabulare . . • .172 Tovarense . . • ' 185 trapeziforme . . .185 trichomanoides, 169, 172, 184, 200 Asplenium trichomanes, var. abruptum . . 214 var. bil'urcum-ramosum 214 var. crenato-ramosum 214 var. dichotomum . 214 var. elegans . . .216 var. indso-lobatum . 214 var. lobatum-ramosum 214 var. ramosum . . 216 var. varians . . .214 umbrosum . . . 216 Virgilii . . . .172 viride, var. spbenopbyllum 220 Zolionse .... 222 Athyrium acrosticboideum 3 cyclosorum ... 58 dentatuin . . . 426 depauperatum ... 3 filix-focmina, var. Aberdeenense . 23 var. acutideiis . . 144 I’AOE Athyrium filix-ftemiua, var. adnaturn . . 144 var. amplum . .144 var. bitbrme . . 144 var. bracbycladon . 144 var. Ci^pitatum . . 127 var. compositum . 144 var. curtum . . 4<) var. curvatum . . 144 var. davallioides . 38 var. deficiens . . 144 var. diffisso-coronans, 145 var. diffisso-multitbrme 145 var. diffisso-polyuactylum 145 var. diffissum-angustifrons 145 var. diffissum-regulare 145 var. discretum . . 145 var. distans . . . 145 var. divaricatum . 145 var. excellens . .145 var. flexum . . 145 var. Ibliosum . . 145 var. foveatum . . 145 var. frondoso-polydactylum 145 var. gracile-polydactylum 145 var. gracilissimum, 145 var. graude . . 145 var. incomptum . 145 var. iuconditum . . 145 var. informe . . 145 vai’. infuudibulicejis . 145 var. iuvolvens . 145 var. laxum-attenuatum 145 var. laxum-niultifidum 145 var. laxum-peuicillatum 145 var. lepidum . . 145 var. minutissimum . 116 var. molle . . 145 var. multidens . . 145 var. multifidum-furcans 145 var. multifidum-nanum 15 var. oblongum . 145 var. Ordeanae . .145 var. Pannoso-diffissum 145 var Patens . . 145 var. pinnatum . 145 vai’. polydactylon-majus 145 var. productum . 145 var. ramoso-polydactylum 145 var. refractum . . 145 var. rcpressum . 145 var. rha3ticum-interruptum 145 SYNO.NYMES. 475 I'AOE Atbyrium Hlix-faMiiimi, var. rhneticnin-irregularo 145 var. rbaoticum-multitidiim 145 V!U*. rha3ticv.ni-naniun 145 var. sagittatum . . 145 vai’. Sinclairiao . 145 var. stenopliyllura . 145 var. subcruciatum . 145 var. sublaciniatum . 145 var. tbyssanotum-Tninus 145 var. tbyssanotum-multiceps 145 var. TyrellijB . . 145 ^ontauiim . . .163 fragile .... 426 fumarioidcs . . . 426 Hallerii . . . 163 incisum ... 58 laetum ... 3 laxuni ... 3 molle ... 3 montaimm . . 437 ovatum. ... 3 Poiitederaa . . 426 rhEefcicum ■ . . . 426 trifidum . . . .3 Belvisia septentrionalis . 162 Blecbnum boreale . . 379 heterophyllum . . 379 septentrionale . .161 spicans . . . 379 spicant . . . 379 var. abruptum . 396 var. anomalum . . 383 var. anomalum-minus 384 var. attenuatum . 399 var. bifidum . . 396 var. bre\dlobum . 382 var. caudatum . . 396 var. concimium . . 384 var. confortum . . 388 var. contractura . 393 var. crispato-imbricatum 388 var. crispatum . . 401 var. crispum . . 382 var. crispum-anritum 385 var. cristato-crispum 401 var. cristatum . . 391 var, dentigerum . 396 var. erosum . 386 var. flabellatura . 402 var. gi'acilis . . 380 var. heterophyllum . 393 var. imbricatum- aubserratixm 401 var. imbricatum-erectum 399 var. imbricatum . 393 BleC'biuim .spirant, i*Au n var. iiiterrnptiiiu . 388 var. lancifolium . V 390 var, minimura-intcrruptum QQ^ var. multifidum . 382, 398 var. multifurcatum . 392 • var. parvulum 386 var. projectum . 388 var. ramo-cristatum 390 var. ramo-depauporatura 386 var. ramosum . 385 var. retusum . 3.‘^'8 var. serratura . 389 var. serrulatum . . 394 var. strictum. . 381 var. sub.scrratum . 385 var. tridactylum 389 var. trinervium . . 400 Blechuum squamosum 372 Botrychium lauceolatum . 471 luuaria, var. Moorei 472 lunatum . . 471 matricarisefolium 471 rutaceum 471 Botrypus lunaria . 471 Ceterach alpinum 442 ceterach . 371 Cyatbea alpina . 435 authriscifolia . 426 cynapifolia 426 dentata ■ . . 426 filix-foemina 4 fragilis ■ . . 426 iucisa 435 montan a ■ . . 437 regia . 426, 435 Cyclopteris dentata . 426 fragilis 426 regia . . . 435 Cystea alpina 435 angustata . 425 dentata 425 fragilis . . 425 regia • . 425, 435 Oystopteris alpina . 435 Allioni 437 Chilensis . 425 dentata 425 Bickicana . 425 filix-foemina 4 fumarioides . 425 Jamaiconsia 425 Myrrhidifolia . 437 orientalis 425 Pontedera3 . 425 retusa . 425 rhrotica . 425 47C SYNONYMES. PAGE Cystopteris viridula . 425 Didymoglossum alatum . 447 Eupteris aquilina . • 408 Grammitis ceteracli . . 371 Gymnogramma ceterach . 371 Gymnopteris ceterach . .371 Byrmenophyllum alatum . 447 asiDcrulum . . . 453 cupressiforme . . 453 Menziesii . • • 455 Meyeri . . ■ 455 minimum . 453 peltatum . . • 455 revolutum . . . 453 rupestre . . . 447 Thunbergii . . . 453 Tunbridgense . . 455 Tunbridgense, var. . 447 Wilsoni . . . 465 Lastrea rufidula . . . 443 Lomaria borealis . . 379 crenata .... 379 punctulata . . . 228 Nepbrodium filix-fcemina . 4 rufidulum . . . 444 NotbochlaBna rufidula . . 444 Notolepium ceterach . . 371 Onoclea spicant . . . 379 Opbioglossum angustifolium- minimum 467 Grayi .... 465 microsticbum . . 465 ovatura . peunatum Riellii unifobum vulgatum, var. lusitanicum 467 Osmunda boreabs limaria lunata . spicant Phylbtis crispa . beteropbylla . lancifoba multifida . polyscbides . rotundifoba ruta-muraria Scolopendrium Poesia aquilina . Polypodium alpestre adiantifobum album alpinum asplenioides antbriscifobum arvonicum bifidum 465 471 465 465 379 471 471 379 230 159 172 230 230 200 222 230 408 112 152 426, 427 163, 435 . 372 426 . 444 4 Polypodium crispura cynapifobum dentatum filix-fcemina fontanum . fragile . fumarioides byperboreum var. gracile Ilvense incisum . laetum . Lesebbi laciniatum . Marantse molle . montanum Myrrbidifobum oblongo-dentatum ovato-crenatum polymorpbum Pontederaa . regium revolutum . rbEeticum tenerrimum . tenue trifidum Pteris brevipes boreabs Oapensis caudata decomposita densa . excelsa ferina . foemina lanuginosa . nudicaubs recurvata revoluta . septentrionabs terminabs vibosa . Wigbtiana Scol^endrium altcrnifobum Brasibense ceterach Douglasii Durvillei bemionitis Krebsii Lindeni . lingua . minus nigripes officinale officinarum . PAGE . 435 426 4, 426 4 163, 442 426 426 44-2 . 4-42 'ir'il'il . 58 4 4 426 444 4 437 487 4 4 426, 435 426 . 435 4 . 426 426 . 426 4, 426 . 407 407 . 408 407 . 407 407 . 407 407 . 407 407 . 407 407 . 407 162 . 407 407 407 159 227 371 227 228 227 228 229 229 229 227 229 229 bynusymks. 477 PAOE ScolopendriumPennsj’lvanicnm 229 jjhyllitis piiinatum rhizophyllum ruta-muraria sopteiitrionalc Sibirica . vulgare var. acrocladon angustatum var. var. var. var. var. var. angustifolium 229 227 227 222 lt)2 227 229 360 314 314 363 363 363 255 292 363 363 363 244 314 363 363 363 363 363 363 363 363 bisagittatum . chelafrons-majus confertum . crispum-multifidum var. Djedaleum . var. denticulatum var. discolor var. Druinmondise . var. endiviaefolium var. foecundum var. Hilmanii var. imbossum . var. infralineatum var. Iveryanum var. laciniatam var. longipes var. maculosus var. Maineanum . var. marginatum-abruptum 363 var. naviculasforme . 363 var. officinarum-serrattiin 363 var. pachypbylliim . 363 var. polyschides-comutura 363 var. polyscbides-undosTim 363 var. polyphyllum . 363 var. pumilnm . . 363 var. pygmoeum . 363 var. pallescens . . 363 var. phyllocbloena . 363 var. polycuspis-irregulare 363 var. projecto-multifidiim 363 var. palmatnm . . 244 var. pinnatifidum . 310 var. Pocilliforme . . 335 var. ramosum-minus 363 var. ramosum-Wollastonii 363 var. sagifctato-cristafcum 363 var sagittato-multifidum 363 var. scrratifolium . 363 var. serratum . . 244 var. siniiato-variegatum 363 FAOE Scolopondrium vulgare, var. Staleyi . . . 363 var. subconflueus . 363 var. submar^natuin- projectum 363 var. supralineato-fimbriatum 363 var. trilobatum var. Weaver! Spicanta borealis Stegania borealis Stenoobloena scandens Striitbiopteris spicant ambiguuTn regalis Taracbia acuta . adiantum-nigrum arguta . Germaiaica lanciolata multicaulis ruta-muraria Tricbomanes alatum . anceps Andrews!! . brevisetum crenata diaphanum Europoeum . Hibernicum peltatum pulcbellum pyxidiferum . scandens speciosum . Tunbridgense nmbrosum . Vittaria ceteracb Woodsia alpina . Caucasica Cumingiana . elongata . glabella ruatemalensis Hyperborea . var. rufidula liven sis Ilvensis, var. incisa . intermedia obtusa . paleacea Peruviana polysticboides pubescens Jlaiana rufidula vcstita 453, 363 363 380 380 228 379 459 172 172 172 159 152 222 222 448 448 448 448 448 200 448 448 448 454 453 448 448 448 454 448 371 441 439 439 439 439 439 439 443 439 441 439 441 439 443 439 439 4 41 413 41.3 443 478 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. PAGE Adiantum capillus-Teneris, Livnoetcs 417 var. bulbiferum, Lowe 4':i2 var. dejjauperatum, Giapham 421 var. Footii, Lowe 421 var. Hookerii, Loioe 420 var. incisum. Moore 422 var. incisum-Footii, Loi«e419 var. Kalon, Lowe 421 var. ramulosum, Moore 419 var. rotundatum, Moore 421 Asplenium adiantum-nigrum, Lmnceus 171 var. acutidentatum, Moore 182 var. acutum, Pollini 171! var. decompositum, Moore 183 var. depauperatum, Moore 178 var. Edwardsii, Lo^ve 178 var. fissum, Moore 183 var. flabellatum, Moore 179 var. grandiceps, Lowe 177 var. incisum, Clapham 181 var. intermedium, Moore 182 var. leptoracbis, Moore 179 var. microdon, Moore 1 74 var. oblongum, Moore 180 var. obtusatum, Moo^-e 175 var. obtusum, Moore 183 var. oxypbyUnm, Moore 176 var. ramosum, Lowe 175 var. serratum, Stansfield 176 var. subconfluens, Moore 181 var. variegatum, Wollaston 180 Asplenium ebeneum, Aiton 169 var. refracfcum, Lowe 170 Asplenium fontanum, Bernliardi 163 var. depauperatum, Htansfield 166 var. Haller i, Willdenow 167 PAGE Asplenium fontanum, var. laciniatum, Stansjield 167 var. laxum, Stansfield 166 var. multifidum, Sta/nsjieM 165 Asplenium Germanicum, Weis 159 var. acutidentatum, Moore 160 Asplenium lanceolatum, Hudson 151 var. bifidum, Lowe 156 var. caudatum, Lowe 155 var. Olaphamii, Moore 155 var. crispatum, Moore 157 var. incisum, Lowe 157 var. kalon, Iwwe 153 var. KitsonifB, Lowe 156 var. laciniatum, Wollaston 157 var. microdon, Moore 154 var. obtusum, Clapham 154 Asplenium marinum, Linnceus 185 var. acutum, Moore 190 var. assimile, Moore 187 var. bicrenatum, Stansfield 189 var. caudatum, Clapham 193 var. cuneatum, Moore 190 var. imbricatum, Loioe 194 var. interruptum, Moore 192 var. incisum, Moore 189 var. laxum, Loioe 192 var. multifido-irregulare, Lowe 197 var. parallelum, Moore 188 var. pulcbrum, Moore 190 var. ramosum, Wollaston 194 var. ramo-trapeziforme, Clapham 195 var. subserratum, Stansfield 187 var. sub-bipinnatum, Moore 188 var. Thompsoniae, Lowe 196 AI,niAHKTICAL INDEX. 479 VAOE Aspleniuin mariimm, var. trapezil'orme, Clapham 194 var. variabile, Monkman 191 Asplenium ruta-mui’aria, Linnaus 221 var. afctenuatum, Loioe 223 var. cristatum, \VoUaston22b var. ciineatum, Moore 224 var. dissectuin, WoUaeton 22(5 var. elatum, Lanp 226 var. piniiatum, Moore 224 var. prolil’erum, Wollaston 226 var. ramo-depauperafcum, Clapham 223 var. ramosum, Moore 224 • var. sectum, Moore 226 var. spatbulatum, Moore 225 var. trifidum, Moore 225 var. trifoliatum, Lowe 224 var. unilateral e, Moore 225 var. variabile, Moore 226 splenium septentrionale, Hoffman 161 trichomanes, Linnaeus 199 var. acrocladon, Lowe 204 var. biceps, Loioe 210 var. bifurcum, Wollaston 203 var. confluens, Moore 207 var. cornuto-ramosum, Lowe 209 var. corymbiferum, Lowe 205 var. creuato-lobatum, Moore 211 var. cristatum, Wollaston 208 var. cuueatum, Lowe 214 var. depauperatum, Wollaston 211 var. grandidens, Lowe 212 var. Harovii, Moore ‘a09 var. incisum, Moore 201 var. incisum-Claphami, Lowe 213 var. incisum-laciniatura, Moore 206 var. iucisum-triangulare, Moore 213 var. imbricatum, Clapham 212 var. interruptum, Clapham 211 var. Katastakton, Jjowe 203 var. lobatum, Moore 206 var. majus, Hort. 213 var. multifidum, Moore 208 var. ramo-dopauperatum, Clapham 210 paob Asplenium trichomanes, var. ramo-lobatum, Moore 212 var. ramosum, Wollaston 202 var. racimosum, Lowe 203 var. serratum, Stansjield 205 var. serratum-major, Lowe 205 var. subaaquale, Moore 206 var. Willisonii, Willison 213 Asplenium viride, Hudson 215 var. acutit'olium, Oibson 220 var. bipinnatum, Gloioes 220 var. crenatum, Clapham 218 var. cuneatum, Wollaston 219 var. deltoideum, Clapham 217 var. imbricatum, Clapham 218 var. incisum, Moore 218 var. multifidum, Wollaston 217 var. ramosum, Stansfield 219 var. stipatum, Stansjield 219 var. varians, Moore 220 Athyrium filix-foemiua. Both 3 var. abasiphyllum, Lowe 107 var. abortivum, Lowe 33 var. abruptum, Moore 28 var. acrocladon, Clapham 74 var. acuminatissimum, Moore 129 var. acuminatum, Moore 12 var. alatum, Moore 8 var. alatum-Fraseri, Lowe 26 var. apiculatum, Lyall 128 var. apioides, Clapham 110 var. Applebyanum, Moore^l var. apujeforme, Moore 26 var. arctum, Lotue 137 var. arcuosiim, Clapham 111 var. Arranense, Lowe 28 var. Balfourii, Lowe 31 var. Barnesii, Lowe 29 var. bifidum, Lowe 30 var. brevipinnulum, Stansjield 113 var. Bullcrife, Moore 33 var. capitatum, Moore 120 var. caudatum, Lowe 133 var. caudiculatnm, Moore 123 var. colpodes, Moore 102 var. concinnum, Moore 134 var. confluens, Moore 11 vtir. confluens-minor, Moore 96 var. conioidcs, Appleby 7 var. contortum, Stansjield 33 430 AI.PILV15ET1CAL INDEX. TAGB Athyrium filix-foBmina, var. convoxum-multifidum, Loxoe 123 var. coronans, Sim 130 var. coronatum, Moore 35 var. cornigerum, Stansfield 118 var. corymbifero- depauperatum, Wollaston 118 var. corymbifero-strictum, Loioe 138 var. corymbiferum, Moore 2>1 var. corymbiferum-Lowei, Lowe 37 var. Courtauldiae, Lowe 24 var. Oraigii, Moore, 112 var. crispatum, Moore 32 var. crispum, Moore 34 var. crispum-coronatum, Lowe 36 var. cristato-polydactylum, Stansfield 15 var. cristatum, Monkman 14 var. cristulatum, Wollaston 119 var. curtiim, Wollaston 32 var. dareoides, Moore 38 var. decompositum, Moore 38 var. decurrens, Moore 102 var. defectum, Wollaston 40 var. delicatissimum, Stansfield 116 var. denticulatum, Wollaston 41 var. depauperatum, Wollaston 42 var. diadematum, Lowe 125 var. diffisso-multifidum, Lowe 44 var. diffisBum, Moore 39 var. diffissum-gracile, Moore 36 var. digitale, Lowe 40 var. dilaceratum, Moore 124 var. dissectum, Wollaston 44 var. dissimile. Crossfield 45 var. diversifrons, Moore 35 var. Doodioides, Lowe 115 var. Edwardsii, Loioe 103 var. elongatum, Wollaston 45 var. Elwortbii, Moore 46 var. Elwortbii-splendens, Lowe 94 var. eroso-cristatum, Moore 131 var. eroso-decurrens, Moore 48 i I'Xor. Athyrium filix-fcemina, var. erosum, Wollaston 47 var. erosum-minus, Moore 47 var. excurrens, Moore 41 var. exile, Moore 47 var. extremo-digitatum, Lowe 49 var. Eieldiaa, Moore 50 var. Eieldiaa-compositum, Lvery 120 var. FieldicB-compositum- multifidum, Lvery 121 var. Eieldise-imbricatum, lvery 143 var. Fieldise-lancifolium, lvery 122 var. Fieldiae-pumilum, Moore 51 var. filum, Lowe 129 var. fissidens, Moore 52 var. fissideute-excurrens, Wollaston 133 var. fissido-angustifrons, Lvery 118 var. flavo-tinctum, Wollaston 49 var. flexuosum, Moore 49 var. foliaceum, Loioe 137 var. formoso-cristatum, Hadley 134 var. formosum, Lowe 54 Amr. Foxtoni, Stansfield 113 var. Fraserii, Lowe 62 var. Frizelliae, Bain 53 var. Frizelli^-cristatum, Lowe 142 var. Frizelhse-nanum, Lvery 54 var. frondosum, Moore 55 var. furcans, Moore 129 var. furcans-Monkmanii, Monkman 16 var. furcatum, Moore 51 var. furoillatum, Moore 66 var. glomeratum, Moore 56 A'ar. gracile, Moore 124 var. gi’andiceps, Moore 57 var. grandidcns, Moore 59 var. Grrantiie, Moore 57 A'ar. gratissimum, Lowe 108 A'ar. gi'atum, Lowe 108 A'ar. Harrisias, Lowe 60 A'ar. imbricatum,C/(i7?/?aff2l00 var. impastum, Moore 61 A'ar. iuciso-digitati.m, Loive OA var. iuciso-multifidum, Lowe 60 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 481 PAGE Athyrium filix-fcrm ina, var. incisum, Hoffmann 58 var. incisnni-truiicatum, Ivery 143 var. iiicompletum, Moore 61 var. inexpletnm, Moore 2t' var. iiiterruptimi, Wollaston 62, 64 var. iiTegulare, Moore 63 var.' Iveryaiiuin, Moore 63 var. Jamesii, Loioe 64 var. kaloii, Lo%oe 65 var. laceratnm, Moore 66 var. laciniato-laceratum, Clapham 102 var. laciniato-laxuni, Loioe 141 var. laciniato- polymorphnm, Clapham 101 var. laciniatum, Moore 141 var. laciniatum-con Aliens, Moore 68 var. laciniatum-di^sectum, Moore 66 var. laciniatum-elegans, Clapham 69 var. laciniatum-interruptum, Clapham 69 var. laciniatum-lineatum, Moore 68 var. laciniatum-majus, Moore 65 var. laciniatum-minus, Moore 65 var. laciniatum-Padleyi, Lowe 70 var. laciniatum-truncatum, Moore 70 var. latifolio-imbricatum, Jjowe 67 var. latifolium. Baling ton 6 var. latifolium-multiAdum, Stansjield 135 var. latipes, Moore 126 var. latum, Lowe 72 var. Laveyanum, Lvery 71 var. laxum, Schumacher 72 var. Longridgense, Lowe 104 var. macilentum, Moore 73 var. marimim, Moore 23 var. Mesembryanthemoides, Clapham 73 var. minimum, Moore 31 var. Monense, Clapham 104 var. Monkmanii, Moore 10 var. Moorei, Loice 76 var. mucronatum, Moore 75 var. multiceps, Moore 75 PAGE Atbyrium Alix-fmmina, var. multicuspe, Barnes 77 var. multiAdum, Moore 17 var. multiAdum-Coolingii, Lowe 20 var. multiAdum-Edelstenii, Lowe 18 var. multiAdum-Praseri Lowe 21 var. multiAdum- Mapplebeckii, Lowe var. multiAdum-minus, Moore 19 18 var. multiAdum-nanum, m-iid-ii uxixy Moore, 15, 18 var. multiAdum-nanum- angustatum, Stansjield 139 var. multiAdum-ramosum, Moore 17 var. multiAdum- semidepauperatum, 20 var. mulfciAdum-tenue, Lowe 19 var. multifurcatum, Moore 77 var. nudatum, Moore 116 var. obtusum, Moore 121 var. odontomanes, Moore 139 var. orbiculatum, Lowe 127 var. ovatum. Both 106 var. oxydens, Moore 5 var. Padleyi, Lowe 94 var. pannosum, Moore 78 var. pannosum-nanum, Moore 78 var. Parsonsias, Moore 79 var. parviceps, Barnes 79 var. phylloideum, Lowe 100 var. plicatum, Padley 116 var. plnmoso-multiAdum, Stansjield 126 var. plumosum, Moore 135 var. plumosum-Barnesii, Wollaston 80 var. plumosum- Jervisii, Lowe 80 var. plumosum-Monkmanii, Stansjield 14 var. plumosum- StansAeldii, Loive 81 var. polycladon-erosum, Stansjield 122 var. polyclados, Moore 16 var. polyclados-disscctum, Moore, 9 var. polyclados-irregulare, Moore 12 var. polyclados-miuus, Moore 16 VOL. II. 3 Q 482 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. PAGE Athyrium filix-foemina, 1 var. polydactylon, Moore 82 | var. prsemorsum, Moore 112 i var. Pritchardii,/Siaws/ieZdll4 var. Pritchardii-cristatum, Lowe 117 var. pruinosum, Moore 81 var. pulcherrimum, Ivery 144 var. pui’pureum, iPorZ 83 var. pygmEBum, Moore 83 var. pyramidale, Moore 102 var. rachidioides, Olafham 111 var. ramo-cristatum, Sim 85 var. ramo-depauperatum, Monkman 84 var. ramo-diffissum, Monkman 8 var. ramo-thyssanotum, Monkman 22 var. ramosum, Wollaston 86 var. ramuloso-Monkmanii, Lowe 84 var. ramulosum, Moore 25 var. reflexum, Glapliam 99 var. remotum, Wollaston 131 var. rhseticum, Linnceus 128 var. Putsonii, Monkman 13 var. scopEeforme, Lowe 132 var. semidepauperatum, Glapliam 9 var. singulare, Lowe 96 var. Stansfieldii, Loive 140 var. stenodon, Moore 87 var. stipatum, Wollaston 126 var. subcruciforme, Wollaston 88 var. STibdepauperatum, Glowes 11 var. subdigitatum, Moore 87 var. suberosum, Moore 103 var. subplumosumPadZe?/ 136 var. tenue, Moore 88 var. tenuifolium, Glapliam 106 var. thyssanotum, Moore 89 var. tortile, Moore 91 var. tridentato-multifidum Lowe 90 var. trifidum, Moore 89 var. truncatum, Glapliam 109 var. uncuni, Moore 91 var. uncum-ramosum, Lowe 105 var. undulatum, Moore 92 var. validum, Moore 115 var. variabile, Moore 92 var. vaidabile-Jervisii, Jervis 93 P.\GK Atbyrimn filix-foemina, var. varians, Moore 109 var. Vemoniaj, Jervis 93 var. VernoniiB-cristata, Glapham 105 var. Yictorise, Moore 98 var. Willisonii, Willison 95 Botiycbium lunaria, Swartz 471 var. incisum, Milde 4J2i var. rutaceum, Moore 472 var. tripartitum, Moore 472 Ceteracb officinarum, Willdenoiv 371 var. crenatum, Jlibore 373 var. depanperatum, Wollaston 374 var. kalon, Loive 374 var. minimum, Lowe 373 var. ramosum, Moore 373 var. ramoso-cristatum, Lowe 375 var. variabile, Loive 374 Oystopteris fragilis, Bernliardi 425 var. adiantoides, Lowe 429 var. angustata. Smith 433 var. crispa, Lowe 428 var. cristata, Loive 432 var. Davallioides, Lowe 431 var. deutata. Hooker 427 var. decurrens, Moore 428 var. Dickiseana, Moore 429 var. furcans, Moore 431 var. gracile, Lowe 429 var. interrupta, Wollaston 430 var. obtusa, Moore 431 var. pulcherrima, Loive 433 var. quadrata, Glapliam 433 var. sempervirens, il4bo?-e 427 var. truncata-iuterrupta, Lowe 429 Oystopteris montana, Bernliardi 437 regia, Besvaux 435 Hymeuophyllum Tunbridgense, Smith 453 unilaterale, Bory 455 Lomaria spicant, Besvaux 379 var. abrupta, Loive 396 var. augustifrons, Moore 382 var. anomala, Lowe 383 var. auomala-lineata, Lowe 396 var. anomala-minus. Lowe 384 var. attenuata, Loive 399 var. biceps. Mules 393 var. bifida, Lowe 396 ALPHABETICAL INDEX, 483 PAGE Lomaria spicaiit, var. bi’evifroiis, Moore 386 var. broviloba, Lowe 382 var. caudata, Lotoe 396 var. Claphamii, Lowe 398 var. concinna, Lowe 384 var. conferfca, Lowe 388 var. conflueiis, Lowe 403 var. contracta, Lowe 393 var. contracta-ramosa Lowe 393 var. crispa, Lowe 382 var. crispa- aurita, Lowe 385 var. crispa-erecta, Lotoe 382 var. crispata, Lotoe 401 var. crispato-imbricata, Lowe 388 var. cristata, Lotce 391 var. cristato-crispa, Zoioe 401 var. dentigera, Loioe 396 var. duplex, Lowe 397 var. elegans, Moore 392 var. erosa, Lowe 386 var. fissa, Lowe 382 var. flabellata, Iwwe 402 var. furcans, Monkman 383 var. gigantea, Lowe 384 var. gracile, Lowe 380 var. heterophylla, Lowe 393 var. imbricata, Tjowe 393 var. imbricato-erecta, Lowe 399 var. imbricato-subserrata, Lowe 401 var. inaequale, Moore 386 var. interrupta, Lowe 388 var. Kitsoniae, TjOwe 389 var. lancifolia, Lowe 390 var. latifrons, Moore 399 var. latipes, Moore 386 var. majus, Moore 386 var. marginato-irregulare, Lowe 403 var. minima-interrupta, Lowe 387 var. Monkmanli, Stanujield 400 var. nmltifida, Lowe 398 var. multifurcata, Lowe 392 var. Padleyense, Lowe 382 var. parvula, Lowe 386 var. projecta, Lowe 388 var. projecto-multifida, Lowe 394 var. ramo-cristata, Lowe 390 var. ramo-depaupcrata, Lowe 386 var. ramosa, Lowe 385 PAGE Lomaria spicant, var. ramosa-Cliftii, Loioe 398 var. ramoso-iiTCgulare, Lowe 401 var. retusa, Loioe 388 var. rotundata, Lowe 396 var. serrata, Lowe 389 var. serrulata, Loioe 394 var. stricta, Lowe, 381 var. stricta-Daddsii, Lowe 396 var. subimbricata, Lowe 386 var. subserrata, Loioe 385 var. tridactyla, Lowe 389 var. trinervia, Lowe 400 Opbioglossum Lusitanicum, Linnaeus 467 vulgatum, Linnceus 465 var. microsticbum,J14bo?'e 466 Osmunda regalis, Linnceus 459 var. bulbifera, Lowe 461 var. cristata, Moore 461 var. interrupta, Moore 461 Pteris aquilina, Linnceus 407 var. bisulca, Lowe 409 var. cristata, Moore 410 var. crispa, Wollaston 413 var. depauperata, Wollaston 413 var. furcans, Lowe 411 var. integerrima, Moore 413 var. multifida, Wollaston 413 var. ramoso-irregulare, Glapliam 412 Scolopendrium vulgare. Smith 229 var. abruptum, Moore 344 var. abrupto-crispunl, Lowe 304 var. acanthodes, Lowe 247 var. accisum, Lowe 308 var. acrocladon, Lowe 237 var. aduncum, Moore 354 var. aikmoton, Loioe 259 var. alatum, Clapham 272 var. albescens, Moore • 358 var. alcicorne, Stansfield 332 var. alto-lobatum, Lowe 325 var. angustato-marginatum, Wollaston 332 var. angustato-nitidum, Lowe 290 var. angustissimura, Moore 340 var. an^ustum, Moore 336 var. apicilobiun, Moore 312 var. arietinum, Iwwe 281 var. anti’orso-cristatum, Lowe ' 307 484 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. PAGE Scolopendl’ium vulgare, vap. auratum, Lowe 350 var. Balfourii, Lowe 276 var. biceps, Loxve 247 var. bimarginato-cordatum, Moore 340 var. bimarginato-multifidnm, Moore 283 var. bimarginato-muricatum, Moore 291 var. bimarginatum, Wollaston 267 var. brevifolium, Lowe 293 var. bullatum, Moore 287 var. cacumene, Lowe 313 var. capitatum, Lowe 338 var. carinatnm, Appleby 330 var. cervi-cornti, Moore 357 var. cbeiropborum, Slansfield 342 var. cbelsefrons, Wollaston 336 var. circinatum, Lowe 290 var. Claphamii, Moore 325 var. Cliftii, Lowe 261 var. columnare, Clapltam 360 var. complicatum, Wollaston 344 var. compositum, Moore 352 var. concavo-ramosum, Loioe 309 var. conglomeratum, Lowe 294 var. congregatum, Lowe 358 var. conjunctum, Moore 342 var. conjiingendTiin,Lowe 317 var. constellatmn, ClapJiam 315 var. constricfcum, Moore 239 var. contorquere, Lowe 329 var. contortum, Moore 344 A'ar. contractum, Wollaston 329 var. coiivolvere, Lowe 280 . var. Ooolingii, Lowe 337 var. coriaceo-cristatum, Lowe 283 var. coriaceum, James 286 var. coruuto-abruptum, Moore 237 var. cornuto-laceratmn, Monkman 319 var. cornuto-superbum, Lowe 346 var. cornutum, Moore 274 var. coronai'e, Lowe 316 var. comigato-cristatum, Ivery 353 PAGE Scolopendrium vulgare, var. corrugato-fissum, Stansjield 364 var. corrugatum, Wollaston 359 var. corymbiferum, Lo^oe 359 var. corymbiferum-majus, Ivery 338 var. crassifolium, Sim 304 var. crenato-crispum, Monkman 343 var. crenato-cristatum, Loxce 348 var. crenato-lobatum, Moore 231 var. crenato-multifidum, Moore 240 var. crenulatum, Stansjield 332 var. crispatum, Moore 344 var. crispatum-varians, Moore 352, 358 var. crispum. Gray 359 var. crispum-amplum, Lowe 304 var. crispum-angustuTU, Lowe 304 var. crispum-bulbiferum, Stansjield 359 var. crispum-cornutum, Willison 298 var. crispum-cristatum, Lowe 341 var. crispum-densum, Sim 350 var. crispum-fertile, Stansjield 342 var. crispum-grandidens, Lowe 260 vai’. orispum-irregulare, , Moore 324 var. crispum-latum, Moore 234 var. crispum-majus, Jackson 294 var. crispum-marginatum, Lowe 299 var. crispmn-minus, Jackson 352 var. crispum-multifidum, Loxoe 342 var. crispum-variaus, Moore 352 var. crista-gaUi, Wollaston 314 var. cristato-digitatum, 8ini 329 Ar-rilABETIC.VL INDEX. 485 PAGE Scolopendrium vulgarc, var. crisfcatum, Moore 237 var. cristatuin-minus, Sim 304 var. cristatum-Monlcmanii, Monkmim 341 var. cristatum-nanum, Moore 303 var. cristatum-ramosiim, Moore 308 var. cristatum-transversum, | Moore 308 ' var. curiosura, Wollaston 278 j var. curfciim, Moore 284 \ var. curfcum-cristatum, ; Lowe 347 var. dactyloton, Lowe 328 var. dareoides, Wollaston 296, 356 var. dentatum, Clapham 287 var. deorso-cristatum, Sim 302 var. depauperatum, Wollaston 314 var. detecfcum, Moore 315 var. detectum- J amesii, Loioe 352 var. digitatum, Wollaston 267 var. digitatum-nauum, Stansfield 360 var. dissimile, Wollasto7i 344 var. di.stortum, Moore 266 var. distortum-Jamesii, Loioe 345 var. divaricatum, Moore 312 var. divergens, Moore 261 var. duplex, Lowe 247 var. Edwardsii, Loioe. Priuted iu error Phyllolo- phyrou 246 var. elato-lobatum, Jfoore 312 var. elegans, Moore 324 var. Elworthii, Moore 257 var. epiphylloides, Moore 282 var. erosurn, Loioe 301 var. excurrens, Lowe 308 var. fallax, Moore 322 var. fimbriatum. Allchin 263 var. findcndum, Loioe 304 var. fissidens, Wollaston 312 var. fissile, Moore 290 var. fissile-Moiikmaiiii, Monkman 290 var. fisso-lobatum, Moore 272 var. fisso-multifidum, Lowe 350 var. fissum, Moore 306 var. fisHum-latum, Moore 270 VOL. II. PAGE Scolopendrium vulgaro, var. fissum-rosectum, Stansfield 329 var. fissum-variegatum, Lowe 334 var. flabollatum, Moore 274 var. flabollatum-cornutum, Lowe 352 var. flavo-tinctum, Moore 306 var. flavo-tinctum- papillosum, Clapham 334 var. flcxuoso-multifidum. Lowe 346 var. flosculifcrum, Lowe 347 var. foecundum, Applehy 330 var. furcans, Moore 284 var. furcatum, Wollaston 312 var. geminum, Sim 306 var. Glavei, Lowe 281 var. glomerato-digitatum, Sim 306 var. glomerato-ramosum, Moore 300 var. glomerato-va."iabile, Monkman 322 var. glomeratum, Moore 294 var. Gloverii, Stansfield 345 var. grandiceps, Loive 321 var. gymnosorum, Moore 250 var. bastatum, Moore 315 var. bastatum-majus, Ehvorthy 306 var. bastulatum-majus, Moore 337 var. bebetatum, Lowe 311 var. bemiouitoides, Moore 282 var. Hendersouii, Willison 293 var. Hookerii, Lowe 293 var. imbricato-contractum, Clapham 302 var. imperfectum, Wollaston 284 var. inciso-lobatum, Wollaston 338 var. inaaquale. Allchin 2S2 var. iiiops, Moore 284 var. interruptum, Wollaston 286 var. inversum, ZoM-’e 311 var irregulare, Moore 242 var. irrogulare-laciniatum, Lowe 338 var. irrcgularc-majus, Stansfield 334 var. irregularc-minu.s, Clapham 292 3 It 480 AI.Pir-VBETICiAT, INDEX. Soolopeudriiim vulgave, var. Jacksonii, Moore var. Jamesii, Lowe var. jugosiim, Moore var. kalou, Lowe var. kephaloton, Zozwe var. keratoides, Loioe var. KifcsoniiB, Moore var. kraspedoumenon, Lowe 335 var. lacerato-elegans, Moore 318 var. lacerato-marginatum, Sim 306 var. lacerato-multifidum, Lowe 310 var. lacerato-ramosum, Moore 320 var. laceratum, Moore 241 var. laceratuin-dissectum, Moore 318 var. laceratam-Monkmanii, Moore 310 var. Lacerhim, Lowe 313 var. lacerum, Sim 348 var. laciiiiato-comutum, Clapham 300 var. laciniatum, Wollaston 303 var. lanceolum, Moore 290 var. latifolium, Lowe 248 var. lato-digitatum, Stansjield 356 var. lato-mulfcifidiim, Moore 323 ' var. latum, Lowe 319 var. Lentonense, Lowe 258 | var. limbospermo-cristatum, Wollaston 334 var. limbospermum, Moore 318 var. lineare, Moore 334 var. lineare-cristatum, Lowe 342 var. lineato-multifidum, Lowe 314 var. lobatum, Deakin, 340 var. lobatum-ramosum, Lotoe 304 var. Ionchopborum,ilfoore350 var. macrosoro-cornutum, Loiue 304 var. macrosorum, Fee 290 var. maculosum, Moore 263 var. Malcomsoniae, Stansjiehl 355 var. Marchantioides, Clapham 267 VAGF. Scolopcndrinm vulgarn, var. marginato-biforme, Monkman 351 var. margiuato-capitatum, Lowe 280 var. marginato-contractum, Lowe 265 var. marginato-convexum, Lowe 349 var. marginato-cordatum, Lowe 301 var. marginato-cornutum, Moore 318 var. marginato-coronatum, Moore 357 var. marginato-corrugatum, Moore 355 var. marginato-crispulum, Lowe 306 var. marginato-cristatum, Moore 278 var. marginato-fimbriatum, Moore 277 var. marginato-fissile, Sim 330 var. marginato-fissiim, Moore 277 var. marginato-furcans, Lowe 345 var. marginato-irregulare, Moore 285 var. marginato-laceratum, Clapham 272 var. marginato-latipes, Moore 300 var. marginato-lobatum, Moore 278 var. margiuato-Monkmanii, Lowe 299 var. marginato-multiceps, Moore 347 var. margiuato-multifidum, Shn 295 var. marginato-papillosum, Moore 340 var. marginato-polyschides, Lowe 300 var. marginato-sagittatum, Lotoe 300 var. margiiiato-triforme, Padlei/ 279 var. marginatum, Moore 242 var. marginatum-acutum, Stansjield 334 var. marginatum-pygmoeum, Sim 306 var. marginatum-tenue, Moore 278 pAop, ; 350 ' 288 1 257 I 338 310 360 293 ALl’IIAliliTlCAL IN’DKX. 487 VAOF. : Scolopoiiclriuiu vulgare, ' viir. Martyuiiuuim, Stans/lefd \ 332 ! var. niicrodon, Moore 347 var. minus, Moore 339 var. Monkmanii, Moore 280 var. niucrouatum, Willdenow 302 var. inultifido-laceratum, Loxce 280 var. multifidum, Gray 260 var. multifidum-majus, Siansjield 334 var. multifidum-uaimni, Loloe 277 var. multifidum-resectuin, Stansjleld 336 var. multiforme, Wollaston 241 var. multifiu'catum, Moore 309 var. muricato-crispum, Lowe 302 var. muricato-marginatum, tadley 254 var. muricatum, Moore 258 var. muricatum-teuue, Padley 323 var. mutatum, Moore 276 var. nudicaule, Allchin 286 var. obtu.silobatum, Moore 278 var. obtuso-dentatum, Moore 286 var. omnilacerum, Lowe 334 var. opacum, Moore 282 var. Padleyense, Lowe 340 var. palmatum-marginatum, Willison 826 var. papilloso-irregularc, Monkman 353 var. papillosum, Moore 234 var. patulum, Lowe 262 var. perafero-cornutum, Moore 320 var. peraferum, Wollaston 236 var. perangustum, Lowe 3<1'6 var. ]icriergon, Lowe 250 var. pbyllolo])hyron, Jjotue 255 var. pinnatifidum, Moore 351 var. plecomeuon, Lowe 323 var. ])licatum, Clapham 349 var. plumoso-loljatum, Moore 276 var. pocilliferimi, Moore 234 var. polycuspis, Moore 238 PAOK Scolo[)cndrium vulgare, var. ])olycii.sj)is-angiistiim, Moore 313, 301 var. polycusijis-trausversum, Moore 342 var. polycuspis-undosum, Moore 308, 361 var. polydacfcylum, Siansjield 343 var. polymorphon, Loioe 326 var. polymorpbum, Wollaston 352 var. polyscliides, Ray 314 var. polycbides-crispum, Lowe 291 var. polyscbides-pygmoeum, Moore 324 var. polyschizomenon, Loiee 343 var. Postgateauum, Willison 307 var. pi’ojectum, Moore 326 var. proliferum, Wollaston 256 var. prominens, Moore 282 var. pseudo-Ooolingii, Lowe 336 var. pseudo- Wardii, Loive 288 var. ptyoides, Lowe 260 var. ramo-depauperatum, Clapham 342 var. ramo-marginatum Clapham 245, 362 var. ramo-marginatum- proliferum, Sim 306 var. ramo-palmatum, Loive 305 var. ramo-proliferum, Clapham 305 var. ramo-submarginatum, Moore 308 var. ramoso-contractum, Moore 360 var. ramoso-cristatum, Clapham 331 var. ramoso-glomeratum, Moore 312 var. ramoso-rugosum, Sim 298 var. ramosuiu, Willdenow 292 var. ramosum-dciisuni, Sim 298 var. ramosum-latuiu, Sim298 var. ramosum-niajus, Clapham 305 var. rauiuseuluni, Lowe 255 4S8 ALrUABKTICAL INDEX. PAGE Scolfipenclrium vulgare, var. reiiitbi'me, Williams 2^7 var. resectum, Moore 280 var. reticulato-fissum, Moore 282 vav. retinervium, Moore 278 var. rigidum, Wollaston 338 var. rimosnm, Moore 284 var. rotundifolium, Loxoe 277 var. rugosum, AH chin 241 var. sagittato-crispum, Moore 324 var. sagittato-cristatum, Clapham 239, 269 var. sagittato-Hillmanii, Lowe 269 ^ var. sagittato-laceratum, Moore 324 var. sagittato-lobatum, Moore 320 var. sagittato-polycuspis, Moore 297 var. sagittato-projectum, Moore 339 var. sagitfcatum. Allchin 321 var. sagittifolium, Wollaston \ 318 i var. salebrosTim, Moore 278 var. scabrum, Wollaston 295 j var. scalpturato-dissectum, i Moore 300 j var. scalpturato-latum, j Moore 354 1 var. scalpturato-lobatiim, Moore 362 i var. scalpturato- i marginatum, Sim 298 ! var. scalpturatum, Moore 250 var. sicifoiTue, Wollaston 290 var. sinnm, Loive 335 var. sinuato-lobatum, Moore 276 var. sinuato-multifidum, Padley 251 var. sinuatum, Moore 319 var. spirale, Moore 256 vai*. Stansfieldii, Stansjield 285 var. stenomenon, Lowe 269 var. stephauotes, Lowe 326 var. striatum, Moore 320 var. subcornuto-laciniatum, Clajoham 311 vai’. subcornutum, Tait 244 j var. subcornutum- i marginatum, Lvery 346 ' var. sublineato-striatum 269 | r.\CE Scolopcndrium vulgare, var. submargiiiato- dentatum, Moore 338 var. submarginato- Monkmanii, Lowe 281 var. submarginato- multifidum, Moore 234 var. suljmarginatum, Wollaston 257 var. submarginatum-tenue, Sim 298 var. subpinnatum, i)/oore 244 var. subvariegatum, Wollaston 284 var. supralineato-angustum, Stansjield 336 var. supralineato- constrictum, Moore 301 var. supralineato-cornutum, Clapham 330 var. supraUneato-crispum, Lowe 349 var. supralincato-latum, Moore 355 var. supralineato-lobatum, Moore 276 var. supralineato- multifidum, Moore 286 var. sniiralineato-resectum, Moore 276 var. supralineato-turgidum, Moore 340 var. supralineato-undosum, Stansjield 336 var. supralineatum, Moore 250 var. suprasoriferum, Lowe 329 var. suprasorifero- dicbotomum, Stansjield 341 var. Tiarseforme, Lowe 316 var. tortuoso-cristatum, Lotoe 259 var. tortum, Moore 356 vai\ transverso-lobatum, Moore 234 var. transVerso-multifidum, Moore 274 var. trunc.atum, Lvery 348 var. turgido-irregulare, Moore 268 vai*. turgidum, W oUaston27\ var. uncinatum, Moore 334 var. uudatum, Padley 302 var. undulato-bifurcum, Lowe 302 var. undulato-contractum, Loice 253 ALIMIABETICAL INDEX. 489 I’AOE Scolopendrium vulgiU'O, var. iiiidulato-lobatum, Moore 255 var. luidulato-multifidum Loive 299 var. undidato-projectuin, Moore 324 var. uudulato-rainosum, Lou'e 252 var. undulato-variaus, Moore 328 var. imdulatiim, Moore 271 var. imilaterale-ramosmn, Lowe 264 var. variabile, Wollaston 263 var. variabile-cristatum, Moore 308 var. variegato-crenatum, Wollaston 298 var. variegatum, Moore 332 var. variegatum- Claphamii, Clapliam 332 PAGE Scolopendrium vulgare, var. variegatum-Elwortliii, Loioe 332 var. variegatum-Willisonii, Willison 332 var. verticulum, Loioe 344 var. vespiforme, ClapJiam2ll var. viviparum, Wollaston 282 var. vivo-marginatum, Clap ham, 350 var. vivo-polyscbides, Clapham 314 var. Wardii, Clapham 287 Tricbomanes radicans, Swartz 447 var. Andi’ewsii, Moore 449 var. alatum, Baclchouse 450 var. dilatatum,jBac7i;7i,0Mse 450 var. furcans, Loioe 450 Woodsia byperborea, B. Brown 441 Ilvensis, Bi, Broton 443 490 CONTRIBUTOES TO VOL. II. In concluding this Second Volume of “Our Native Ferns,” I beg to express my warmest thanks to those friends on this long list for their valuable assistance, and in doing this I cannot refrain from specially thanking Mr. Clapham, of Scarborough; Mr. Barnes, of Milnthorpe; Mr. Clowes, of Windermere; Mr. Elworthy, of Nettlecombe; Mr. James, of Vauvert; Mr. Thomas Moore, of Chelsea; Mr. Monkman, of Malton; the Rev. Charles Radley, of Beaconfield; Messrs. Stansfield, of Todmorden; Mrs. Thompson, of Exeter; Mr. Wollaston, of Chiselhurst; Mr. Clift, of Birmingham; Mr. Willison, of Whitby; Mr. Edwards, of Nuthall; Mrs. Hone, of Yevay; and Mr. Ivery, of Dorking; each have been in constant correspondence with me, and their ready assistance at all times has been a soiu’ce of great gratification, as well as materially increasing the value of this history of the varieties of “Our Native Perns.” Nor must I omit to thank the following contributors for their valuable co-operation : — Professor Balfour, F R. S , Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh Miss Beever, Coniston Messrs, Backhouse, Nursery, York Mr. R. C. Brown, Nottingham The Rev J. M. Chanter, ilfracombe Mr. Edwin Cooling, Mileash Nursery, Derby Mr. J. Conner, Buchanan Gardens, Stiriingshire Mr. J. Dadds, Ilfracombe Dr. Dickie, Aberdeen The Rev. T. Ellacombe, Bitton Rectory, Bristoi F. A. Edelsten, Esq., The Woodlands, Moseley, near Birmingham P. Neill Fraser, Esq., Canon-Mills Lodge, Edinburgh F. J Foot, Esq, Ordnance Survey of Ireland R. J. Gray, Esq., Alphington, near Exeter T Glover, Esq., Smedley Hill, Manchester Mr. J Henderson, Wentworth Swynfen Jervis, Esq., Darlaston Hall, near Stone, Staflbrdshire Miss Annie Kitson, Shiphay, Torquay Mr. Kennedy, Nurseryman, Covent Garden Major A. S II Lowe, K R.A.S The Rev. F. Mules, M.A, Marwood, Barnstaple Sir Oswald Mosley, Bart., Rollcstoii Hall, Burton-on-Trent Mr. Mapplcbeck, Wood Field, Moseley Messrs. Osborn and Sons, Fulham, near London The Rev. G. Binder, M.A., Hartford Vicarage Mr. J R. Pearson, Chilwcll Nurseries, Nottinghamshire Mrs. Riley, Papplewick. Nottinghamshire Josei)h Sidebotham, Esq., Manche.«ter Mr. R. Sim, Foot’s Cray Nursery, Kent G. Stabler, Esq., Leven, Milnthorpe Mr. John Sadler, Edinburgh James Veitch. Esq., Chel.sea F. Wright, Esq., Osmaston, near Ashbourne W. Winstanley, Esq., Chaigeiey Manor, near Clitheroe, Lancashire 191 AUTIIOKITIES QUOTED IN VOL. II. Acliarius Allcock, C Agardh Alton Allchin, Dr Allcock, G. H Allman, Dr Ailioni Anderson, J Appleby, S Arnott Andrews, W Atkins, J Ayres, W. P Babington, Professor Barnes, T. M Barrington, R Barrclier Balfour, Professor Bauliin, J Barter, C Bain Backhouse, J Barker, J Ball. R Balbis Barrington, Mrs Bailey, Rev W. R Bernhard! Bcever, Miss S Beck Bentham, R Berth Bertoloni Blackburne, Miss H Bolton Bolle Bory Brown, R Brown, R. S Brown, Miss F < Buckley, H Brocivo, F. Y Brackenridge Bltime Bloxam, R Bonpland Buller, Mrs. H Boistel, M Braun Bojer Buckle, J Brent, F Buchanan, Col. Bowden, W Carrol, J Caranillcs Campbell, Jfrs Carter, T. G Chaubard Chanter, Rev. J. M Chapmen Chanter, Mrs Clapham, A Clowes, C Clowes, F Crossfield, J Cooling, E Clark, L Clarke, R Cobb, J. R Cox Cosh, J Connon, J Craig, R Clift, J Clift, S Curtis Cunningham, A Crawford, A Colenso Cosson Cooper, W. M Cristy, VV Dadds, J Daniels, J Dale, G Dawson, G Decaisno Dick Dickie, Dr Dobree, Mrs Deakin Desvaux Dempster, H. F De Candolle Delves, Mrs Drummond, J Elworthy, C Ecklon Edelstcn, F. A Edwards, G. W Edwards, R East, Mrs Eden, Capt. M Edgeworth Enys, J. D Ellacombc, Rev. T Fielden, J Fairbridge, J Fraser, P. N Foxton Field Findlay, B Fee Fischer, J. A Francis Fries Foot, J. F Forster Gasperrini Gray, A Gray, P Gray, R .1 Gray, S. F Gray, S 0 Gilibert Garnett Galleotti Griffith, Miss G Germain Gouan Gunning, J Gibbs Gaudichaud Giildenstadt Gussone Godrich Gerard Glave Gibson, S Glover, T Grindon, L. H Hawker, Rev. W. H Hankey, G Hardy, J Hay ling, H Hadwin Henderson, James Henslow, H. D Hedwig Henfler Hewitson Heward, R Henderson, Joseph Hooker, Sir J. \V (the late) Hooker, Dr. J. D H udson Hoffmann Hoenkc Hillman, D Hutchison, W Hoseason, Miss Hore, Rev. W. S Holmes Howie, C Hone, Mrs. B Hunton, T Hole, Mrs Horsfall, J Hudhart, J Hull H iiinboldt Hutchison, D Higgins, E. T Hudson, Rev. W Ivory Jackson, C Jacquin James, J Johns, Miss C. E Johnstone, \V, G AUTItOaiTIBS. 4f>2 Johnson, G Jiicqnemont Kinahan, Dr Kitson, Miss A Kitson, Miss F Kitaibel Klotzscli Koch Knnth Knnze Kanlfnss Keir. P. F Labillardicre Lamarck Lavey, H Lang Law, J Ledeboiir Liljeblad Leigliton, Kev. W. A Lewis Lewis, Miss Linnoeus Link Little, Rev. W Lightfoot Loddiges Lowe, E J Lowe, A. S. H Lyall, Dr J,uinnitzer Macleod, Mrs Hume Mackay, Dr, J F Mapplebeck, J. E Martens Maw, G Mahy, Miss Marshall, W Macreight Mansell, Miss Malcomson, Miss Maher, D Me’ Intosh, C Me’Innes, Miss Merat Mettenius M’Nab, J Milde Mirbel Michaux Morris, J Moss, Miss L Sioule, R Moly Mohr Monkman, C Monkman, Mrs C Moench Morisson Moore, T Moore, D Morse, J klosley. Sir Oswald Morris, R Miiekle, J Murray, D Mueller Mules, Rev. F Newman, E Nyman Newell, J. S Nowell, S Nownham Nichol, Dr. W Nixon, VV Orr, D Opiz Osborn and Sons Ogilby Pallas Patman Parsons, Miss Parker Pamplin, W Pappe Paterson Padley, Rev. C Piquet, M Pinder, Rev G Pearson, R. J Plukeuet Postgate Preston, R Pollini Power, Dr Poeppig Presl Pritchard, T Poiret Rawson Ravenshaw, Rev. T. F Ray Retzius Redhead, R. M Rooper, Rev. T Rogers, Mrs Riehard Riley, Mrs Roxburgh Roth Rupreeht Rutson Rylands, T G Sadler, J Salisbury Schott Schrader Schumacher Schreber Schultz Schlcchtendal Schlotz Schkuhr Sclater, J. H Scott, C Scopoli Sibthorp Sidebotham, J Sim, R Shepherd, A Sieber Smith Smith, C Smith, Rev. R. T Smith, Dr Smith, J Solander Sowerby Sprengel Swartz Stansfield, A Stansfield, T Stowe, A Stevens, W Sturm Stokes, Dr Symon.s, F Staley, T Strempel Syme, J. T Svensk Stabler, G Taylor, Rev. R Tatham, J Tauseh Tait, A Taylor, A. B Taylor, Dr Tenore Thunberg Tineo Thompson, Mrs Thompson, George Thomas, 'P, H Townsend, Miss Trevellyan, Sir W. C Vernon, Miss Viviani Villars Wahlenberg Walker, Mrs Ward, N. B Wager, G Wallich, Dr Wallroth Westeott Weber Wileke, T Williams Weis Weinm Willison, W Wierzb Wimm Wilson, F. C Wilson, W Withering Wright, Miss Wulfen Wriglcy. Dr. E. G Wood, J Woodward, S. P Woods, J Wright, F Wilkinson, Miss Isabella Willdcnow Wollaston, G. B Wolsey, G Young Young, J Zenker B FAWCETT, ESGnAVEll AND PKI.NTEU, DRIFFIEI.D. COREIGENDA. [It has been thought desirable to alter the various authors names of the following, ns they do not agree in gender with the species.] VOL. I. Pages 264, 280, 282, 339, for ‘biformis,’ read ‘biforme.’ “ 264, 282, 341, for ‘triangularis,’ read ‘triangulare.’ “ 271, 280, 282, 339, for ‘atro-viridis,’ read ‘atro-viride.’ “ 274, 280, 282, 341, for ‘multiformis,’ read ‘multiforme.’ “ 278, 280, 282, 341, for ‘tenuiformis,’ read ‘tenuiforme.’ “ 280, 316, 324, for ‘gracilis,’ read ‘gracile.’ “ 309, 324, 339, for ‘irregularis,’ read ‘irrcgulare.’ “ 3.12, 324, 339, for ‘dilaceratum,’ read ‘dilacerata.’ “ 323, 324, 339, for ‘intequalis,’ read ‘insequale.’ VOL. II. Page 15, for ‘cristata-polydactyla,’ read ‘cristato-polydactylum.’ “ 48, for ‘erosa-decurrens,’ read ‘eroso-decurrens.’ “ 77, for ‘multieuspis,’ read ‘multicuspe.’ Pages 105, 148, 482, for ‘Vernonice-cristata,’ read ‘Vernonix-cristatum.’ “ 179, 184, for ‘leptorachis,’ read ‘leptornche.’ “ 238, 366, 487, for ‘polycuspis,’ read ‘polycuspe.’ “ 297, 367, 488, for ‘sagittato-polycuspis,’ read ‘sagittato-polycuspe.’ “ 308, 366, 487, for ‘polycuspis-undosum,’ read ‘polycuspe-undosum.’ “ 313, 366, 487, for ‘polycuspis-angustum,’ read ‘pqlycuspe-angustum.’ “ 342, 366, 487, for ‘polycuspis-transversum,’ read ‘polycuspe-transversum.’ “ 363, 366, for ‘polycuspis-irregulare,’ read ‘polycuspe-irregulare.’ Page 382, for ‘crispum-erectum,’ read ‘crispa-crecta.’ “ 434, for ‘quadratum’ and ‘puleherrimum,’ read ‘quadrata’ and ‘pulcherrima.’ ERRATA. VOL. I. P.ige 78, for ‘tripinnatum,’ read ‘achurodcs.’ “ 250, for ‘Marsdonx,’ read ‘Marsdeniro.’ “ 251, for ‘Beevoruc’ and ‘Miss Beevor,’ read ‘Beeveriae’ and ‘Miss Beever.’ “ 290, for ‘vallida,’ read ‘valida ’ VOL. II. Page 269, for ‘sagittato-crlstatum, Gtapham,’ read ‘sagittato-cristatum-Hillinanii, Lowe,’ and omit the ‘Raincliff Wood iocality,’ and the expression ‘somewhat inconstant.’ “ 394, for ‘serrulata, fig 806,’ read ‘fig. 823.’ “ 394, for ‘projecto-multifida, fig. 807,’ read ‘figs. 806 and 807.’ “ 402, for ‘Blechnum,’ read ‘Lomnria.’ V T ■>V.. . ' ■ V I T»- ,’v (■ / V t-'*. i /■ ' t' i- ?; ,K' / / . J ■ ■ Sfr ') , 'r - * ■ • * • ‘ ** >• *, i; I i . % > r L •\ A » * v: j. » < I \ ] 1 4 A ■ ■ • 1 ♦ k L- I * . 4 .> > f • 4 • • * i a I 4 V' *. ^j5. V • ■*’ •V ' J s H'' I ts 4 I I 1 I '‘i-Uii, i:^-.^sfii;s •:. . ;■■■ :;.s ?^m;©r(i33