-1

FUCI

SIVE- .

PLANTARUM FUGORUM GENERI

BOTANICIS ASCRIPT ARUM
ICONES DESCRIPTIONS ET HISTORIA. TY . /- ^

AUCTORE

DAWSON TURNER, arm. M.A.

REG. ANT. ET LINN. SOC. NECNON IMP. AC. NAT. CUR. REG. AC. HIB. ET
ALIARUM SOCIETATUM SOCIO.

LONDINI

typis j. m'creery.
IMPENSIS J. ET A. ARCH, IN VICO CORNHILL DICTO.

MDCCCXI.

FUCI;

OR,

COLORED FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS
OF THE PLANTS

REFERRED BY BOTANISTS TO THE GENUS FUCUS.

By DAWSON TURNER, Esq. A.M. F.R.A. k L. S.

HONORARY MEMBER OF THE IMPERIAL ACADEMY NATURE CURIOSORUM, OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY,
OF THE HONORABLE DUBLIN SOCIETY, OF THE NATURAL HISTORY AND WERNERIAN SOCIETIES
OF EDINBURGH, OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF GOTTINGEN, Sec. &c.

vol. nr.

LONDON:

PRINTED BY J. M'CREERY, FLEET-STREET,

FOR JOHN AND ARTHUR ARCH, 61, CORNHILL.
1811.

LIT/

HISTORIA FUGORUM.

135. — F UCUS TOMENTOSUS.

Fucus, fronde tomentosa, teretiuscula, filiformi, dichotomy, tota compacta ex utriculis clavatis, horizontalibus,
per filamenta capillaria tubulosa ramosa densissime intertextis: capsulis lanceolatis, utriculorum ad latera
sessilibus.

Fucus tomentosus. FL Ang. p. 584. (excl. syn. Linn.) With. IV. p. 107- Ner. Brit. p. 21. t. 7. Linn.

Trans. III. p. 195. Eng. Bot. X. t. 712. Syn. Fuc. II. p. 300. Esper, Ic. Fuc. II. p. 1. t. 112.

Clemente. p. 319.
F.fungosus. FL At I. II. p. 428.
Viva tomentosa. FL Fr. Ed. Ida. II. p. 6.
Spongia dichotomos teretifolia viridis. Raii Syn. p. 2Q. n. 3.
Spongia dichotomos compressa, ex viridi splendens. Raii Syn. p. 29- n. 4.
Fucus spongiosus teres ramosior viridis erectus. Moris. Hist. Ox. III. p. 647. s. 15. t. 8. f. 7.
Lamarckia stirpe ramosa subdichotoma, ramulis cylindricis apice obtusis. * Omvi, m listens Annalen. VII.

p. 80. . ' .

0. marginifer ; fronde dichotoma, ubique ramis brevibus horizontalibus bifurcis dichotomisque e marginibus proliferl.
y. sub-palmatus ; fronde basi terete, sursum complanata dilatataque, apices versus palmata, segmentis brevibue

teretibus.

elongatus ; fronde terete, sexpedali et ultra, sparsim et remote dichotoma.
Viva decorticata. Woodward, in Linn. Trans. III. p. 55.

Habitat Angliae Australis adoras; in Cornubia, copiose. — In Devonia, apud Exmouth. D. T. Frankland,
Baronetus. — Apud Ilfracombe. Dna Hill. — In Comitatu, Clare. D. Mackay. — In littore Comitates An-
trim, passim. D. Scott. — In Sinu, " Bantry Bay." Dna Hutchins.—Gattise ad oras, in Oceano et Mari
Mediterraneo. Decandol/e. — Circa Algeciras, Tarifa, Gades et alibi. Clemente. — In Mari Numidico. Des-
fontaines. — Apud Nootka Sound. D. Menzies.—Ad Caput Bona? Spei. D. Brand, in Herb. Banks. —
£ in Sinu, " Bantry Bay." D«<* Hutchins — y. prope Gades. D. S. de Roxas Clemente. — $ e Mari Medi-
terraneo accepit D. Wigg.

Perennis. Junio, Julio.

Radix, ut verbis idoneis utar, nulla, sed frons, radicis loco, saxis instrata iis arctissime adhaeret, et tapete denso
lato informi velutino, Lichenis cujusdam crustacei vel potius Conferva amphibia aut velutins, ad instar, obducit.

Frondes ex eadem basi plurimae, teretes, vel leviter compressae, filiformes, longitudine, ut plurimum, sex pollicum,
et penna3 anserinae crassitie, interdum autem quindecim pollices longae digitoque auriculari crassiores, ipsam prope
basin bifurcaj, atque exinde dichotomiis multoties repetitis intervallo inter singulas incerto ramosae ; furcarum anguli
obtusiusculi ; segmenta omnia fastigiata ; apices semper rotundati obtusique, plerumque emarginati : — Fuci hujus
frons tota constat e congerie nlamentorum capillaceorum, ramosorum, arctissime implexorum (longitudinaliter dispo-
sitorum ?) ex quibus oriuntur utriculi homogenei, haud lineam longi, sparsi, simplices, tubulosi, claviformes, horizon-
taliter semper positi, apicibus incrassatis frondis superficiem, quae, ita sibi densissime incumbunt, omnin6 nihil est nisi
horum congeries, attingentes : fructificationis tempore, ex utriculorum parte superiore apices versus oriuntur filamenta
alia simplicia, lutescentia, tenuissima, utriculis ipsis ter quater longiora, per quse planta faciem mollissime villosam
induit.

FructificaTio capsulae exiguae, oblongo-lanceolatae, nigro-virides, utriculorum ad latera sessiles ; quarum tamen
moles perpusilla prohibuit quominus quod in se includunt rite perspicerem : semina certe nulla vidi.

Color intense gramineus, exsiccata, nigro tinctus, nec rar6 nitens ; diu in aqua dulci servatce pallidior, et
primum in lurido-virescentem, mox in sordide albicantem evanidus.

Substantia tenuis, membranacea, tactu mollis; in recente firrha, in marcescente flaccida.

Varietas 0 formam servat specie! propriam dichotomam frondemque teretiusculam, sed ubique pullulat ramis
horizontalibus, abbreviatis, bifidis dichotomisve. In reliquis cum plantae facie usitata convenit.

In unico varietatis y quod vidi exemplare frons quatuor circiter pollices longa ad dimidiam altitudinem teres atque
dichotoma pennae anserinae minoris crassitiem servat ; deinceps compressa se sensim dilatat, donee apices versus plana
facta ad pollicis fere latitudinem explanatur, atque ibi palmatim finditur in segmenta plurima teretiuscula abbreviata.

V«t III. B Varietatem

* Tractatum de LamarckitL io Zoologid sua AdriatitA edidit Olivi. qui cum liber ad manus non sit, verba ejus sicut ab Ustero ti adita invenie
citare cogor.

2

135.— F UCUS TOMENTOSUS.

Varietateml casu nauta aliquis ad D. Wigg reportavit, et in Societatis Linneana Actis sub Viva decorticatte
nomine descripsit Woodwardius. Habitus huic strictus ab illo F. tomentosi abludit : color arenaceus, sicut in plants
multas tempestatis mutationes perpessa ; longitudo plusquam sexpedalis ; crassities digiti auricularis ; frons dichotoma,
ramis longissimis, non saepius quam bis terve divisis. Facies omnino Fuci lorei ; ita ut aliquis exsiccatum videns
facile pro illo laeso prreteriret : fructificatio adest.

Obs. Stirps facie externa spongias magis quam Fucos refert, et, illarum instar, madefacta aqua? plurimum imbibit,
quam, si perstringas, cito reddit; nequaquam verb est intus cava: — exsiccatione in membranam crassiusculam com-
pnmitur, quae chartae laxissime adhaeret : — extra aquam aliquot horas servata odorem gravem foedumque spirat -
Flustra pilosa, Fucus palmatus aut phyllitis et Conferva rubra non rar6 ejus perrepunt ramos.

Dura Fucorum familiam perlustro, stirpem quaerens cujus iconem novi hujusce operis tomi fronti praefigirem,
invenio nullam F. tomentoso anteponendam ; nulla enim structura. magis singulari gaudet, et nulla Historiae Naturalis
Cultorum acumen ad se suamque indolem bene intelligendam intensiiis poscit. Talis quidem est haec structura qualis
effecit ut multum diuque sit disceptatum ubinam in naturae systemate rectius poneretur. Botanici omnes antiqui
uno ore ad Spongias retulendam conclamarunt, sic revera Regno Animali associantes ; neque nostro in aevo desunt
quibus eadem stat sententia. Hoc facerent quoque plurimi e facie judicantes extern^ ; oculo enim inermi Spongiam
prorsus refert ; quamvis vegetabile dixerunt cuncti, quotquot ad ilia vocarunt examina, quae inter animalia et plantas
certissimi habentur testes. * De hac re, sicut et de interna hujusce atque insequentis Fuci structura, docte multa in
Zoologid sua Adriaticd disseruit rev. Olivius ; promittens se mox alium de his plantis editurum tractatum seorsum ;
quod fecerit, necne, nihil pro comperto habeo. -\ Rectissime hie, si pro characteribus genericis structura niti liceat,
ex his J duobus Fucis novum genus constituit, quod ipsi Lamarkia audit, nomine desumpto a botanico clarissimo
Gallico, viro, si quis alius, surnmis qui penes Historiam Naturalem sunt honores dignissimo qui decoraretur. Huic
llle generi insequentem quo designaretur characterem proponit ; de quo memorandum est pro fructu haberi materiem
lllam viridem, e qua stirpis color pendet, quae totam frondem recentem implet, sed, marcescente planta, hie illic in
parvas figurae enormis congeries granosas arescit, reliquas frondis partes coloris expertes pellucidasque relinquens :

" Lamarkia. Stirps radicata sub-coriacea mollis, composita utriculis in axim perpendicularibus.

" Vtriculi membranacei virides cytindrici approximati utrinque Jilamentis tubulosis tenuissimis connect entibus
terminati. Fructificatio. Globuli inter utriculos etjilamenta sparsi."

Liquet ex hoc veram F. tomentosi fructificationem Olivium latuisse, neque aliquis hanc unquam, quod scio, viderat
botanicus, priusquam aestate novissima detexit Dna Hutchins, cujus amicitiae grata mente accepta refero plurima de
hoc Fuco supr& memorata, una cum icone hie depicta, ab ips& ad exemplar vivum delineata. Animadvertit ilia
fibras eas tenuissimas, quae utriculorum ex apicibus exortae plantam totam, fimbrias more, cingunt, fructus mod6
tempore adesse ; in quo, sicut in fronde epidermidis experte, haec stirps multum affinitatis cum Rivulariis prodit.
Quamvis, uti jamjam in descriptione est dictum, capsularum moles perpusilla vetuit ne quidnam in se includunt rite
perspiceretur, nihilominus horum apparet structura ei reliquae frondis absimilis, differentiamque arguit essentialem
qudd per exsiccationem hae immutatae atro-virides maneant, dum utriculi colore penitus carent. Multum erravit
Hudsonus, qui F. elongatum Linnaei J^. tomentoso pro synonymo adjunxit ; quod contra, sicut ex ejus herbario
constat, nihil est nisi F. lorei varietas levis, vix digna quae memoraretur. Obiter inspicienti videtur F. tomentosus ad
Conferva spongioses structuram accedere ; re tamen accuratius lustrata, evanescit omnis inter has plantas similitudo ;
C. spongiosa enim et congeneres e ramulis constant brevibus setaceis dense imbricatis costae centrali heterogeneae
affixis, dum jF. tomentosus nihil habet ejusmodi, sed totus est filamentorum utriculorumque intertextorum congeries.

•a. jF. tomentosus, magn. nat.

b. frondis frmtifera. pars.

c. ejusdem portio, magn. auct. - - - 4.

d. utriculus cum capsula - .- - - 2.

* Ut lectoribus quibus Olivi tvactatiim adeundi non datiir potestas morem geram, exscribenda duco praicipua ex illis quas de hac re me-
morat ; " Una fabbrica semplicissima di null' altro composta, che di un puro aggregato di otrieelli cavi pellucidi e ripieni d'un fluido traspa-
rente acqueo, e soltanto mnniti di all ri minimi filamenti capillari destinati ad assorbire 1'acqiia e ad espellere i semi gia manifestamente rico-
noscibili ; una fabbrica in rui queste parti tutte uniformi non sono composte che da una membi ana sottile equabile consistente lucida compatta
secca e pevfettaniente simile nel tessuto e in tutti gli altri caratteri a quelle, onde sono formati i Fuchi le Conferve e le Ulve, una fabbrica che,
invece di spappolaisi e corrompersi, rcsiste e si secca, che non ha la piu piccola porzione gelatinosa vivente, e che putrefacendosi non da nfe
odore ne residuo animale ; una fabbrica che non palesa alcun movimento spontaneo, ne il piu piccolo indizio di sentimento ; una fabbrica
finalmente che, comele Alghe, ha i semi globosi, e collocati uei vasellini membranosi componenti tutto il suo corpo, che in una spezie e quasi
sferica, e mezzo vuota come alcuni funghi, e in un' altra 6 dirittamente come la maggior parte dei fuchi ; questa fabbrica non pud essere
assolutamente se non vegetabile, e dessa e appunto quella della Bursa del Bauhin e della Veimillara dell' Imperato." — His omnibus, sicut
Olivius memorat, obstat modo uriicum, quod F. Bursce frons pertusa violenterse contrahat, sed hoc e motu quodam mere fmechanico pendere
censet. Simili quoque, nullus dubito, causae ascribeuduni est quiddam de F. tomentoso a Dna Hutchins observatum, scilicet ramos arte dis-
positos explanatosque interdum rursus revolvendo sese claudere.

t Idem quoque fecit Stackhousius, qui ex F. tomentoso genus distinctum Codium nominatum construxit, sequentibus notis dignoseendum : —
i( Fructificatio in tubulis impticatis ; — frons cylindrico-compressa ; statu madido spongiform^ ; sicco, tomentoso." — Ner. Brit. Pref. p. xxiv.

t Nullam aliam Algam F. tomentoso et F. Bursce associandam in praesens vidi, nisi forsan pro distincta specie agnosceretur Fucus, nuperrime"
a D. S. de Roxas Clemente acceptus, de quo tradit, rupes prope Gades velamine denso velutino macnlis informibus velare. Hunc e speci-
minibus missis tantummodo esse F. tomentosum aetate prima suspicor, Servatur in D. Brown Herbario Fucus e Nova Hollandia reportatus
iuter quem et F. tomentosum affinitas qiisdam interest.

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2015

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HISTORY OF THE FUGI.

135.- F UCUS TOMENTOSUS.

Fucus tomentosns, frond woolly, sub-cylindrical, filiform, dichotomous, wholly composed of clavate, horizontal
vesicles, most closely matted together by capillary, tubular, branching fibres : capsules lanceolate, sessile on the
sides of the vesicles.

Fucus tomentosus. Fl. Ang. p. 584. (excl. syn. Linn.) With. IV. p. 107. Ner. Brit. p. 21. t. 7- Linn.

Trans. III. p. 195. Eng. Bot. X. t. 712. Syn. Fuc. II. p. 300. Espee, Ic. Fuc. II. p. 1. t. 112.

Clemente. p. 319.
F.fungosus. Fl. Atl. II. p. 428.

Spongia dichotomos teretifolia viridis. Raii Syn. p. 29- n. 3.

Spongia dichotomos compressa ex viridi splendem. Raii Syn. p. 29« n. 4.

Fucus spongiosus teres ramosior viridis erectus. Moris. Hist. Ox. III. p. G47. s. 15. t. 8. f. 7-
Lamarckia stirpe ramosa sub-dichotoma, ramulis cylindricis apice obtusis. * Onvi, in Usteri's Annalen. VII.
p. 80.

" /S. marginifer ; frond dichotomous, beset all over with short, horizontal, forked, or dichotomous segments.
y. sub-palmatus ; frond cylindrical at its base, flattened and widened upwards, and near its apices palmate with

short cylindrical segments.
5. elongatus ; frond cylindrical, six feet or more long, dichotomous at very distant intervals.

Viva decorticata. Woodward, in Linn. Trans. III. p. 55.

Southern coast of England ; at King's Cove and St. Michael's Mount, in Cornwall, plentiful. — Exmouth. Sir
Thomas Frankland. — Ilfracombe. Miss Hill. — Coast of the County of Clare. Mr. Mackay. — County of
Antrim. Dr. Scott. — Bantry Bay, in immense abundance. Miss Hutchins. — French coast, both towards the
Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Decandol/e. — About Algeciras, Tarifa, and Cadiz, where y was found.
Clemente. — Numidian sea. Desfontaines. — Nootka Sound. Mr. Menzies. — Cape of Good Hope. Mr.
Brand, in the Banksian Herbarium.—/? in Bantry Bay. Miss Hutchins. — § sent from the Mediterranean to
Mr. fVigg.

Perennial. June, July.

Root, to speak properly, none, but the plant grows over the rocks, and adheres closely to them, covering them
with wide, shapeless, velvety patches, like some crustaceous Lichen, or, rather like Conferva amphibia, or velutina.

Fronds, numerous from the same base, cylindrical, or slightly compressed, filiform, generally about six inches
long, and as thick as a goose-quill, but sometimes extending in length to fifteen inches, and equalling in thickness the
little finger, forked near the base, and repeatedly dichotomous, at irregular intervals, with rather obtuse angles ; the
segments are all of nearly equal height ; the apices constantly rounded and blunt, and mostly emarginate : — the whole
frond of this Fucus is composed of a mass of capillary, branched filaments, most closely matted together, and pro-
bably disposed in a longitudinal direction, out of which grow a series of vesicles not a line long, scattered, simple,
tubular, club-shaped, placed horizontally, with their thickened apices reaching the surface of the frond, which, from
their great number, is altogether a mass of them : — these vesicles, at the time of fructification, throw out from their
upper part other very thin, simple, yellowish filaments, three or four times longer than themselves, which give the
whole plant a more than usually soft and woolly appearance.

Fructification, small, blackish-green capsules, of a shape between oblong and lanceolate, sessile on the sides
of the vesicles : — the small size of these prevented me from obtaining any correct idea of their contents, but I could
discover no seeds.

Color, deep grass-green, tinged with black when dry, and frequently glossy; turning paler if kept long in fresh
water, and fading at first into a lurid light-green, and afterwards to a dirty white.

■Substance, thin, membranaceous, soft to the touch; firm when the plant is fresh, but flaccid after it has been
some time gathered.

The variety jghas the common dichotomous mode of growth of the species, and the sub-cylindrical frond, but is all
over covered with short, horizontal, bifid, or dichotomous branches : — in other respects it agrees with the common
appearance of the plant.

In

* I am under the necessity of referring to the copy of this author's treatise on the genus Lamarckia in Usteri's Annalen, having no oppor-
unity of consulting his Zoologia Adriatica, in which it was originally published.

4

135.— F UCUS TOMENTOSUS.

In the only specimen that I ever saw of the variety y, the frond, which is about four inches long, rises to half that
height cylindrical and dichotomous, and preserves the thickness of a small goose-quill, after which it becomes com-
pressed, and gradually widens, till near the apices it is quite flat, and almost an inch wide, and is there palmate with
many short, sub-cylindrical segments.

S was accidentally brought by a sailor to Mr. Wigg from the Mediterranean, and described by Mr. Woodward in
the Finnaan Transactions, under the name of Viva decorticata. Its mode of growth is straight, and unlike that of
F. tomentosus : its color a sandy green, probably from having been exposed to many changes of weather : its length
above six feet: its thickness equal to that of the little finger: its frond dichotomous, with very long branches, not
more than twice or thrice divided : its habit is altogether that of F. loreus, so that any one seeing it dry would take
it for an injured specimen of that plant. It is in fruit.

Obs. The external appearance of this plant resembles that of the sponges rather than of the Fuci, and, like the
former, it imbibes a great deal of water, which, on squeezing, it readily gives out : — it is by no means hollow
within : — in drying it flattens into a thickish membrane, which adheres loosely to paper : — if kept a few hours out of
water, it has a strong and unpleasant smell : — Flustra pilosa, and F. palmatus, and phyllitis, as well as Conf erva
rubra, are often found upon it.

In beginning a new volume of this work, it has been my wish to select for the front of it a species particularly de-
serving of the attention of naturalists, and I know of none, which, from its extraordinary formation, better merits such
a distinction than that figured in the plate before us. Its nature is so peculiar, that its place in the system has been
repeatedly called in question ; and almost all the older botanists concurred in removing it from the Fuci to the
Sponges, thus virtually, if not intentionally, declaring their opinion, that it belonged more properly to the animal
than to the vegetable kingdom. Among those of our days, also, have not been wanting many who entertained similar
sentiments ; nor is it too much to say, that almost any one, judging from external appearance alone, would do the
same ,• as to the naked eye it altogether resembles a sponge ; though, if subjected to those trials, which are generally
regarded as affording the surest criterions between productions of animal and vegetable origin, it must be allowed a place
among the latter. * Upon this subject, and upon the internal structure of the present and the following Fucus, a
learned dissertation was written many years ago by the Abate Olivi in his Zoologia Adriatica, which he promised to
follow by a work expressly appropriated to the same subject ; but whether he executed this intention I never heard.
•J- He there, most justly, if structure be allowed to form a proper basis for generic distinction, proposed to constitute
of these \ two plants a new genus, to be called Lamarckia, after the celebrated French botanist, the Chevalier La-
marck, than whom no man is more duly entitled to whatever honors natural history can confer. The following is
the generic character proposed, in which it will be observed, that he regards as the fructification the coloring matter
of the filaments, which, as the plant dries, collapses into irregular, granular masses of a dark-green hue, leaving the
rest of the tubes and the vesicles quite colorless :

" Lamarckia. Stirps radicata sub-coriacea mollis; composila utriculis in axim perpendicularibus.

" Utriculi membranacei virides cylindrici approximate utrinque Jilamtntis tubulosis tenuissimis connectentibus
terminati. Fructificatio. Globuli inter utriculos et jilamenta sparsi."

It appears, however, that the true fructification of F. tomentosus was altogether unknown to him ; nor was this
ever discovered till the summer of 1S08, when it was detected by Miss Hutchins, to whose friendship I am happy to
own myself indebted for many of the particulars above mentioned in the description of the species, as well as for the
drawing here represented, which was made by herself from a recent specimen. She remarked that the fibres which
fringe the frond are observable only at the time of the fruit, in which respect, as well as in the want of an external
covering, this plant shows a strong affinity to the Rivu/aritf. The capsules, as noticed above, are so minute, that
I found it impossible to ascertain the real nature of their contents ; they seem to be of a structure dissimilar to the
rest of the frond, and what also indicates an essential difference is, that they remain unaltered by drying, when both
the filaments and utriculi become entirely colorless, excepting only minute, scattered, patches of green. Mr. Hudson

was

* For the benefit of my readers who are not in possession of Olivi's treatise, I think it right to transcribe what he says on this head : " Una
fabbrica semplicissima di null' altro composta, che di un pnro aggregato di otricelli cavi pellucidi e r ipieni d'un rlnido traspaiente acqueo, e
soltanto muniti di altri minimi filamenti capillari destinati ad assorbire l'acqna e ad espellere i semi gia manifestamente riconoscibiii ; una fab-
brica in cui queste parti tutte uniformi non sono composte che da una membrana sottile eqnabile consistent* lucida compatta secca e
perfettamente simile nel tessnto e in tutti gli altri caratteri a quelle, onde sono formati i Fuchi le Conferve e le TJlve, una fabbrica che, invece
di spappolarsi e corrompersi, resiste e si secca,_che non ha la piu piccola porzione gelatinosa vivente, e che putrefacendosi non da ne odore ne
residuo aniuiale ; una fabbrica che non palesa alcun movimento spontaneo, ne il piu piccolo indizio di sentimento ; una fabbrica finalmente che
come le Alghe, lia i semi globosi, e collocati nei vasellini membranosi componenti tutto il suo corpo, che in una spezie e quasi steiica, e mezzo
vjiota corre alcuni funghi, e in un' altra e dirittamente come la maggior parte dei fuchi ; questa fabbrica non pud essere assolutamente se non
vegetabile e dessa e appunto quella della Bursa del Bauhin e della Vermillara dell' Imperato." Olivi observes, that there is but one circum-
stance to be placed in opposition to all these proofs of a vegetable nature, which is the violent contraction of the F. Bursa, upon an incision
being made in any part of it, and this he most justly regards as a mere mechanical motion. To a similar cause is also undoubtedly ascribablp
what Miss Hutchins remarked in F. tomentosus, that, if a specimen be laid out, it will sometimes roll on the paper and close again, so that she
says she feels as if she were giving pain to something endued with sensation,

t Mr. Stackhouse has done the same thing, and has made of F. tomentosus a genus, which he calls Codium, and of which he gives the following
character: — "Fructificatio in tubulis implicatis ;—frons cylindrico-compressa ; statu madido spongiformis ; sicco, iomentosa." — Ner. Brit. Pre/,
p. 24.

t I know of no other plant to be classed with F. tomentosus and F. Bursa, unless one which I lately received from Don Simon de Roxas Cle-
mente, under the name of F. lichenoides, which, he tells me, covers the rocks at Cadiz with irregular patches, should prove a distinct species.
From the specimens he sent, I cannot but suspect it is only the first stage of F. tomentosus. There is in Mr. Brown'3 collection a Fucus from
Mew Holland. nearly allied to them.

136.— FUCUS BURSA.

5

was strangely mistaken in referring, as a synonym to F. tomentosus, the F. elongatus of Linnaeus, which appears
evidently from his herbarium to be only a slight variety of F. loreus. F. tomentosus on a cursory view seems nearly
allied to Conferva spongiosa ; but a more attentive investigation proves the resemblance to extend no farther than
general appearance ; for that plant and its congeners are all formed of short, closely-imbricated, setaceous ramuli,
attached to a common centre of a different substance from themselves, while in the present all is uniform.

a. F. tomentosus, natural size.

b. part of the frond in fruit.

c. portion of the same, magnified - - - 4.

d. vesicle and capsule - - - - - 2.

136. — F UCUS BURSA.

Fucus, fronde tomentosa, sphaerica, cava, tota compacta ex utriculis clavatis in axim perpendicularibus, per fila-

menta capillaria tubulosa ramosa densissime intertextis.
Fucus subglobosus. Clemente, MSS,

Alcyonium Bursa. Linn. Syst. Nat. I. p. ]295. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. I. p. 3813. Pallas, El. Zoopk.
p. 352.

Alga pomum monspeliensium. J. Bauhin, Hist. III. p. 795.
Bursa marina. C. Bauhin, Pin. p. 36H. Raii Syn. p. 31. n. 3.

Lamarckia depressa globosa cava, intusfilis arachnoideis sparsis, extus lapillis (papillis?) radicatis. Olivi, in
Ustens Annalen. VII. p. 80.

Habitat in mari Anglico et Mediterraneo. Finnaus. — In Sussexiae littore, copiose. Pallas. — CornubiaB ad
oras. D. Rash/eigh.— J uxta Gades. D. S. de FLoxas Clemente. — Prope Monspeliam. M. Bouchet. — In
mari Adriatico. Olivi.

Pere/inis'?

Radix prorsus nulla, sed stirps, *teste Olivio, per filamenta propria saxis affixa adhaeret.

Frons, simpl.cissima, globosa, nunc pomi mediocris, nunc capitis humani magnitudine, cava, tota constans e
filamentis capillaceis densissime intertextis, e quibus hie illic oriuntur utriculi homogeuei exigui, tubulosi, claviformes,
horizontaliter semper positi, parte incrassata froudis superficiem spectante, et ad illam attingente, neque epidermide ulla
ut cooperta, extrinsecus visa stirps ex his modo constare videatur, massamque referat aequalem, velutinam, cui neque
apex est neque basis ulla : — frons intus vacua, pra?ter fila sparsa arachnoidea ; autf interdum aqua repleta.
. Fructificatio, nondum detecta.

Color, qui recentis intense viridis, fit in aqua dulci servata aut luci objecte pallidior, et tandem in sordide albi-
canlem evanescit.

Substantia, membranacea, tactu mollis, tenax, viva rigidiuscula, marcescentis flaccida.

Obs. Planta per desiccationem chartae non adhaeret: pressurae graviori subjecta, vel foramine aliquo pertusa, for-
mam suam sphaericarn amittit, enormiter rugosa atque depressa facta, qualem sistit haec tabula ad exemplar exsicca-
tum iterumque immersum parata, cum recens nunquam viderim : madefacta aquae plurimum imbibit, instar spongia-
rum quas facie externa magis quam Fucos refert, et, sicut ex illis, aqua facile exprimitur.

Qualiscunque sit locus quern, Algis submersis demum rite dispositis, Botanici posteri F. tomentoso tribuendum
censebunt, satis cuivis liquet F. Bursam in eundem esse recipiendum, si faciem externam aut si structuram interiorem
respiciat ; neque, nisi invitissima Natura, has plantas ullo modo divelli posse. Quoniam igitur res ita se habet, et
quoniam postulavit hujus operis ratio ut F. tomentosum, utpote jam universe fere inter vegetabilia ascitum Fucisque
associatum, hie quoque asciscerem, fieri nequiit ut _F. Bursam excluderem, quamvis sit Zoophvtis a Pallasio Lin-
naeoque adjunctus, neque ab alio quopiam, quod scio, Historian Naturalis cultore, pro Fuco habitus. Quanta sit
inter hunc et F. tomentosum affinitas perspexit inter auctores solus Olivius, qui in tractatu suo de Lamarckia, jam
saepe sub F. tomentoso citato, piaecipuam curam F. Bursa, quern recentem videndi saepe oblata est facultas, impendit.

Multa

* De hoc Olivi, " Abits in diversi lnoghi, e pin propriamente nei duri cakarei: reBta attaccato mediante i propri filamenti a qualche pezzetto
pietroso."

t Nihil hujusmodi memorat Pallas, sed contra Olivi rem ita se semper habere perhibet, dicitque exemplarium pondus non rard per aquam
inclusam ad viginti tres et ultra uncias evehi,

6

136.— FUCUS BURSA.

Multa igitur supra in hujus Fuci descriptione tradita ejus ex dissertatione deprompsi, plura minus accurate a me visa
ad eandem emendavi, neque puto me gratius aliquid acceptiusve lectoribus hie offerre posse, quam si ea quae de hujus
Fuci facie atque structura tradidit vir reverendus propriis verbis exscribam : " La sua forma rappresenta una sfera
depressa, cava, verde oscura, poco piu grande d'un Arancio, formata da una crosta che a primo aspetto sembra
coriacea, ma che poi si riconosce quasi rassomigliante ad un feltro. Considerato attentamente, il composto di cotesta
crosta si trova formato da una serie innumerabile d'otricelli membranosi quasi cilindrici, strettamente uniti, e disposti
trasversalmente, i quali vengono a rappresentare all' esterna superfizie tante papille pellucide. Coll' ajuto del micros-
copio ciascun di loro si scopre terminato all' estremita esteriore da due sottilissimi filamenti tubulosi, i quali costi-
tuiscono quella molle e tenuissima peluria che cinge la superfizie della sfera, e che appena si riconosce ad occhio nudo,
e all' estremita interna si scopre parimente terminato da due o tie altri sottilissimi filamenti pur tubulosi, che si inse-
riscono negli altri otricelli, e per mezzo di tale concatenazione li ritengono connessi stretti ed uniti, formanti insomma
una compagine consistente. L'estremita interna degli stessi otricelli manda eziandio un' altra serie di filamenti piu
lunghi ad attacarsi internamente alia parte opposta della crosta sferica, rendendola in tal modo piu concatenata."
Quamvis hactenus F. Bursa fructificatio Iatet, dubitabit, uti credo, nullus, Olivii verbis lectis, quibus consentiunt
qua?dam a Pallasio animadversa, quin reperta fuerit planta fibrillis iisdem fimbriata, quas exhibet nostra F. tomentosi
fructiferi icon, et quas nunquam nisi in fructifero adese credit Dna Hutchins. Hze tamen in exemplaribus meis pror-
sus desunt. De aqua, in hoc Fuco inclusa, et simul de modis per quos semet illuc insinuaverit, multis verbis disserit
Olivius, sententiamque suam refert, plantam duas aquae portiones distinctas in se capere, unam in sphera cava libere
fluitantem, ipsaque mod6 fronde coercitam, qua pertusa effluit, alteram in utriculorum filamentorumque substantia
inclusam ; quarum ilia vi mere mechanica in corpus natura pervium impellitur, servaturque ibi per leges quibus aqua
semper obedit, heec verd attractione, quam dicunt, capillari absorbetur, et in plantse substantias recepta mutationem
quandam subit, per quam stirpis succus proprius facta ejus nutrimento postmodum inservit.

a. F. Bursa, magn. nat,

b. filamenta et utriculi, magn. auct. - - 4.

c. utricidus ------ 2.

136— FUCUS BURSA.

Fucus Bursa, frond woolly, spherical, hollow, wholly composed of clavate vesicles placed perpendicularly to the
center, and most closely matted together by capillary tubular branching filaments.

Fucus subglobosus. Clemente, MSS.

Alcyonium Bursa. Linn. Syst. Nat. I. p. 1295. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. 1. p. 3813. Pallas, El. Zooph.
p. 352.

Alga pomum monspeliensium. J. Bauhin, Hist. III. p. 795.
Bursa marina. C. Bauhin, Pin. p. 368. Raii Syn. p. 31. n. 3.

Lamar ckia depressa globosa cava, intus Jilts arachnoideis sparsis ; extus lapillis (papillis?) radicatis. Olivi, in
Usterfs Annalen. VII. p. 80.

In the English and Mediterranean Seas. — Linnjeus. — Coast of Sussex, plentifully. Pallas — Shore of Corn*
wall. Mr. Rashleigh. — Near Cadiz. Don Simon de Roxas Clemente. — Near Montpelier. M. Bouchet.
— In the Adriatic. Olivi.

Perennial'?

Root, no vestige of any; but, according to Olivi,* the plant attaches itself to the rocks by filaments for the
purpose.

Frond, completely simple, globular, varying in size from that of a moderate apple to that of the human head,
hollow, altogether composed of a series of capillary filaments most closely interwoven together, out of which grow
here and there small tubular club-shaped vesicles, of the same nature and substance as the filaments, always placed

horizontally^

* Upon this subject Olivi says, " Abita in diversi luoghi, e piu propriamente nei duri calcarei ; resta attaccato mediante i propri filamenti a
quakhe pezzetto pietroso."

ir. t. <m+

136.— FUG US BURSA.

7

horizontally, with their larger ends pointing to the surface of the frond, and reaching to it, and not covered by any
epidermis, so that the plant appears externally to be formed of nothing but these, and looks like an uniform velvety
mass, without either base or apex : internally it is either empty, excepting only some scattered filaments,* or is filled
with water.

Fructification, at present unknown.

Color, deep green when fresh; but, if kept in fresh water, or exposed to the light, soon turning paler, and at
last fading to a dirty white.

Substance, membranaceous, soft and velvety, tough, firm in a recent state, but flaccid when turning to
decay.

Obs. In drying this plant does not adhere to paper: if a hole be made in it, or it be squeezed hard, it loses its
spherical shape, and becomes wrinkled and flatfish, as [ have been obliged to represent it in this plate, having never
seen it alive : when moistened, it imbibes a large quantity of water, like the sponges, which it resembles to the naked
eye more than the Fuci, and, like them also, it immediately gives out the water on pressure.

Whatever may be the situation finally allotted in the system of nature to the subject of the preceding plate, it is
obvious, both from external appearance and internal structure, that the same must also be assigned to the subject of
the present, and that they can by no means be kept separate. Such being the case, as the plan of this work required
the admission of the former, it being generally considered to be of a vegetable nature, and having by most naturalists
been referred to the genus Fucus, I have felt it necessary not to exclude the latter ; although both by Linnaeus and
Pallas classed with the Zoophytes, nor joined to F. tomentosus by any writer with whom 1 am acquainted, excepting
the Abate Olivi. This author has, in his treatise upon the genus Lamarckia, made F. Bursa, which he had fre-
quent opportunities of examining recent, the principal object of his researches, and many parts of my description are
either borrowed from him, or corrected from his observations ; nor do I think that I can perform towards my readers
a more acceptable service than by translating what he has written upon the general appearance and structure of this
plant. " Its form," according to the Abate, "is a flattened sphere; its size a little larger than an orange; its color
dark green; it is composed of a crust that appears at first sight coriaceous, but looks on closer inspection like felt.
If examined attentively, this crust is found to consist of an innumerable quantity of nearly cylindrical membranaceous
little vesicles, closely matted together, and disposed transversely, resembling so many pellucid papillae. With the
assistance of the microscope every one of these is seen to be terminated at its exterior extremity by two very thin
tubular filaments, which constitute the soft woolliness that lines the whole surface, but is so fine as scarcely to be
perceptible to the naked eye, and also at its interior by two or three other equally thin and tubular filaments, which
are inserted into other vesicles, thus holding the whole firmly united together, so as to form a solid mass. Another
series of filaments, longer than those just mentioned, also originates from the internal extremity of the vesicles, by
means of which those of the opposite sides of the spherical crust are attached to each other, and the whole body
rendered more compact." Though the fructification of F. Bursa has not yet been discovered, from the preceding
account given by Olivi, and from observations of a similar nature made by Pallas, there can be no doubt of the
plant having been found with those capillary fibres which are represented in the figure of F. tomentosus, and which
Miss Hutchins has observed as always accompanying the fruit, but visible at no other season. These, however, are
wholly wanting in my specimens. Olivi dwells much at large upon the circumstance of water being met with in the
interior of this Fucus, and upon the means by which it was most probably conveyed thither ; and he gives it as his
opinion that the plant contains two distinct portions of liquid ; the one floating in the cavity of the sphere, and con-
fined by the coat of the frond, upon any puncture being made in which it escapes ; the other inclosed in the sub-
stance of the minute tubes and filaments themselves : the former penetrating by mere mechanical force a body
naturally pervious, and preserving itself there by means of the laws to which water is necessarily subject; the latter
absorbed by capillary attraction, and probably undergoing in its confinement some change, so as to become the lymph
of the vegetable, and be subservient to its nutriment.

a. F. Bursa, natural size.

b. filament and vesicles, magnified - = 4.

c. vesicle - - - - - - 2,

* Pallas mentions nothing of this kind, but Olivi expressly says that it is always so, and that specimens are not unfrequently found which
from this cause weigh twenty-two ounces.

8

137. — F UCUS LABILLARDIERI.

Fucus Labillardieri, frond cartilaginous, compressed, linear, much and irregularly branched ; branches betweert
horizontal and patent, pinnated, throughout their whole length, with distichous, patent, subulate, simple ramuli,;
placed close to each other : capsules globular, standing on very short peduncles at the axillae of the ramuli.

jF. Labillardieri. Mertens, MSS.

At Van Diemen's Land, in New Holland. M. Labillardier.
Perennial ?

Root, I have not yet seen.

Frond, nine inches or more in length, nearly cylindrical immediately adjoining the base, but soon becoming
Compressed, and afterwards preserving to its summit an almost equal width of about half a line, irregularly branched ;
branches distichous, patent, scattered, rather remote, slightly flexuose, some opposite, others alternate, some quite
simple, others beset with a series of shorter ones disposed in the same manner, and these sometimes with others,
long and short being mixed together without any apparent order : the frond is throughout its whole length pinnated
with distichous ramuli of the same nature as itself, placed close to each other, between horizontal and patent, some-
what incurved, subulate, simple, a line, or a line and half long, never, apparently, either lengthening into branches,
or undergoing any alteration in their shape : they are, however, sometimes wanting in the primary shoots of old
specimens.

Fructification, small, spherical, blackish-red tubercles, situated upon the branches at the axillae of the ramuli,
supported on cylindrical petioli hardly the tenth part of a line long, smooth externally, internally containing a mass of
irregularly oblong seeds.

Color, a most beautiful scarlet, devoid of gloss, but darker and almost black in the primary shoots; if exposed
to the sun, or kept in fresh water, soon fading to a dirty yellowish, and at length to white.
Substance, cartilaginous, flexible, tough.

Obs. I have found Sertularia cirrata growing upon this Fucus: — its color is so fugitive that, like F. cartila-
gineus, it is generally seen beautifully party-colored: — its appearance is most elegantly feathery : — in drying it does
not adhere to glass.

For specimens of this Fucus, accompanied by a drawing, I have to acknowledge my obligations to the kindness,
so often already mentioned, of Professor Mertens, who sent it to me marked with the name of M. Labillardiere, by
whom it appears originally to have been discovered. The elegant work of this eminent botanist, upon the Plants of
New Holland, well deserves any reward that the natural history of that extensive country can confer, and certainly,
among the Fuci, it w ould not have been easy to select a more desirable species, on which to bestow his name. This
plant has also been gathered upon the coast of New Holland, by our own countryman, Mr. Brown ; and I have
likewise received from the friendship of Mr. Lambert, the celebrated author of the splendid Monograph of the
Genus Pinus, other specimens collected upon the same shores by Governor King. I am therefore led to conclude,
that it is by no means of unfrequent occurrence in those seas, though not at present found in any other. In brilliancy
of color, it rivals the most beautiful of the Fuci, and in elegant regularity of form it yields to few. In this latter
respect it bears a considerable resemblance to F. pinnatus and F. taxifolius, from which its nature is altogether diffe-
rent, and scarcely a less one to jP. asparagoides, which must be regarded as its nearest affinity. From this it is imme-
diately distinguished by its greater size, its flat frond, and its firm texture, almost horny when dry, as well as by the
more decisive character of the tubercles not being, as in that species, borne upon the ends of the ramuli, but really at
their axillae, upon proper peduncles.

a. F. Labillardieri, natural size.

b. branch, magnified - * - &

c. twbercle, separati - - - - - 4.

d. longitudinal section of the same - - 3*
€. seeds - - - - - - - 1.

W.J.E.IsqTael*

137. — F UCUS LABILLARDIERL

9

Fikus, fronde cartilaginea, compressa, lineari, ramosissima.-; ramis horizon taliter patulis, ubique pinnatis ramulis

distichis patentibus approximatis subulatis simplicibus : capsulis ramulorum ad alas brevissime pedunculatis.
F. Labillardieri. Mertems, MSS.

Habitat ad Promontorium Van Diemen Novae Hollandiae. D. Labillardiere.
Perennis ?

Radix nondum a me visa.

Frons dodrantalis, et ultra, ipsamjuxta basin teretiuscula, exinde per totam longitudinem compressa, et latitu-
dinem circiter semilineze abasi ad apices usque servans, vage ramosa, ramis distichis, patentibus, sparsis, remotiusculis,
oppositis alternisve, leniter flexuosis, his simplicibus, illis iterum aliis brevioribus simili ratione dispositis obsitis,
brevioribus longioribus absque norma immixtis ; frons ubique pinnata ramulis homogeneis, distichis, approximatis,
horizontaliter patentibus, leviter incurvis, subulatis, simplicibus, lineam sesquilineamve longis, nullo unquam, utvidetur,
tempore sese in ramos producentibus, vel formam suam mutantibus, hi autem in exemplaribus vetustis interdum in
ramis primariis desunt.

Fructificatio tubercula exigua, sphaerica, atro-sanguinea, in ramis ramulorum ad alas sita, petiolo tereti vix
decimam lineae partem longo fulta, extrinsecirs laevia, intus seminum enormiter oblongorum congeriem foventia.

Color pulcherrime miniatus, absque nitore, in ramis mod6 primariis intensior et sub-nigricans ; soli objectce vel
in aqua dulci servatce citb in sordide lutescentem, et demum in album evanidus.

Substantia cartilaginea, lenta, tenax.

Obs. Sertulariam cirratam huic Fuco innascentem reperi : — ob colorem volaticum frons non raro, F. cartila-
ginei instar, perpulchr£ bicolor apparet : — habitus et facies elegantissime plumiformis : — per exsiccationem chartae
non adhaeret.

Persaepe quidem, dum in hoc opere edendo sum versatus, grata ego mente plurima Mertensii benevolentia? accepta
retuli ; qua ille ut sese mihi utilem praestaret, libentissime semper et amicissime accinxerit. Huic quoque debeo,
hujusce Fuci adumbrationem missam una cum exemplaribus ab ipso a Labillardiero acceptis, cujus nomen speciei
inditum jussit. Amici jussis in hoc obsequi perjucundum : primus enim, nisi fallor, celeberrimus hie botanicus, dum
infelicis La Peyrouse vestigia lustrans terras adiret Australes, hanc plantam reperit ; neque quisquam de Australasia?
Historia Naturali melius meruit, neque Australasiae Nereis stirpem aliquam jactat pulchriorem, qua ipsi dicata
plenius ejus compensaret labores. In iisdem mox littoribus F. Labillardieri legit D. Brown ; et sunt mihi etiam
alia illis ex oris exemplaria, quae communicavit D. Lambert, generis Firms Monographiae splendidae auctor claris-
simus. Faciunt haec ut credam hunc Fucum non infrequentem esse illorum marium incolam, quamvis hactenus in
nullis aliis repertum. Planta est quae colorum splendore cum pulcherrimis sua? familia? certat, formae elegautiaj
perpaucis cedit. Quoad ramulorum dispositionem F. pinnato et F. taxifblio, caetera dessimillimis, accedit ; nec
minus ad jF. asparagoidem, revera Natura affinem. Primo statim aspectu ab hoc dignoscitur, cum mole majore,
fronde plana, substantia per exsiccationem tenace ad corneum appropinquante, turn, quod magis valet, tuberculis
nequaquam, sicut in ilia specie, ramulorum apicibus insidentibus, sed eorum ad alas sitis, pedunculisque, quod
■videtur, propriis fultis.

a. F. Labillardieri, magn. nat.

b. ramus, magn. auct. -

c. tuberculum

d. idem longitudinaliter sectum

e. semina -

- 6.

- 4.

- 3.

I.

Vol. III.

C

10

138.— FUCUS VENOSUS.

Fucus venosus, frond between membranaceous and cartilaginous, flat, linear, sub-dichotomous, entire at the mar-
gins, the surface painted with numerous, longitudinal, nearly parallel, anastomosing, elevated, roughish veins.
Fucus venosus. Linn. Mant. p. 312. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II. p. 1387.

At the Cape of Good Hope. Linnaeus.
Root, not yet known.

Frond, flat, linear, a foot or more long, and from half an inch, to three quarters of an inch wide, divided here
and there in an irregularly dichotomous manner, so as rather to seem accidentally torn, than really branched, its
segments constantly of the same breadth, excepting the extreme ones, which are many times narrower than the rest ;
the margins are every where quite entire, except that they are occasionally uneven with what appear to be the remains
of scattered broken branches ; the apices are truncate and irregularly notched ; the frond has no midrib, but its
surface, as observed by Linnaeus, is every where painted with longitudinal, branched veins, of a darker color than the
frond, thicker than it, and elevated above it, rather wide, clustered and roughish : they run uninterruptedly from the
base to the summit in nearly parallel lines, but often anastomosing, and are no less remarkable at the top and bottom
of the frond than in the middle.

* Fructification, undiscovered.

Color, that of red bricks, destitute of gloss, semitransparent, paler towards the apices.

Substance, between membranaceous and cartilaginous, thickish, flexible, and tough, when dry approaching to
horny.

Obs. The frond is smooth, the veins, especially if viewed through a microscope, look rough : in drying it does not
at all adhere to paper.

Among the Fuci described by Linnaeus, few are less known than F. venosus, and few are of less frequent occur-
rence ; as, though a native of the Cape of Good Hope, of which the natural productions have been examined with more
care than those of any part of the world, excepting only, the most civilized countries of Europe, I have notwith-
standing never seen specimens of it in any herbarium besides that of Linnaeus himself. It appears also to be men-
tioned by no other author, unless, indeed, what is so called by Weber and Mohr, in their -f Beitrdge, be really the
same, of which I cannot but entertain the strongest doubts, since they speak of their plant as in some degree allied
to F. rubens, in having at the base of the frond an obsolete midrib, which appears quite foreign to the nature of the
Linnaean specimens, and they also represent it with a fructification similar to that of F. crispus, which seems equally
improbable. I should be much rather inclined to expect that its capsules would prove to resemble those of F.
Corallorhiza, which, as is observed under that species, is, both in color, shape, texture, and habit, its nearest
affinity. From this, as well as from all others, it is immediately distinguishable by its remarkable veins, which cover
nearly the whole surface of the frond, and are of a nature altogether peculiar to this plant ; being quite unlike those of
F. laceratus, to which they appear at first sight in some degree analogous, as there is also in the general outline and
habit of the two species a considerable resemblance.

a. F. venosus, natural size.

b. part of the frond, magnified - - G.

c. portion of the same - - - -5.

* The remark in the Synopsis of the British Fuci, that Dr. Smith had observed near the base of the frond single, scattered seeds, like those
of the Viva, is founded in error.

t What they here say upon the subject is as follows : " Ein seltner Capischer Tang aber, der F. venosus Linn. Mant., dev mit dem F. rubens
insofern einigermassen Analogie hat, class unten in seiner, sich auch keilformig erweiternden Frons, eine obsolete Mittelrippe durchschiesst,
ist unbezweifelt ein chondrus, im strengsten Sinne der Stackhouseschen Gattung. Indess sind die Pericarpia, indem sie zu beiden Seiten
hemisph'arisch hervorragen, an Form mehr denen der Sphdrococcen ahnlich. Merkwiirdig ist uns sonst dieser F. venosus, ausser einer andern
physiologischen Riicksicht, seinen ganzen Bau betreffend, deshalb geworden, weil wir an einigen grossern der in seinen Pericarpien
enthaltnen Kbrner etwas Aehnliches mit dem Limbus, der sonst allein den Saamen der Fucorum der ersten Abtheilung, oder der gymno-
carporum bekam, glauben bemerkt zu haben."— - Beitrdge zur Naturkunde. p. 275.

W.T.E.XsqVdel*

138. — F U C U S VENOSUS.

11

Fucus, fronde membranaceo-cartilaginea, plana, linear], sub-dichotoma, integerrima, picta venis confertis, longi-

tudinalibus, sub-parallelis, anastomosantibus, elevatis, scabriusculis.
Fucus venosus. Linn. Mant. p. 312. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II. p. 1387.

Habitat ad Caput Bonae Spei. Linnaus.
Radix nondum cognita.

Frons plana, linearis, longitudine pedalis et ultra, latitudine unguicularis, vel sesquiunguicularis, hie illic ordine
vage dichotomo divisa, ut potius casu laciniata quam vere ramosa videatur, segmentis ubique linearibus, extremis
modo exceptis, quae reliquis sunt multoties angustiora ; margines integerrimi, nisi quod hie illic ramorum, ut videatur,
diffractorum reliquiis sint insequales ; apices truncati et erosi apparent ; costa nulla, sed " tota frondis superficies," ut
Linnaei verbis utar, " quasi picta venis longitudinalibus, ramosis, elevatis, superficie crassioribus, latiusculis, confertis,
minus laevibus, saturatius rubris," frequenter anastomosantibus, et a basi ad apices, non minus in his quam in plantae
medio conspiciendis, percurrentibus.

* Fructificatio latet.

Color lateritius, absque nitore, apices versus dilutior, sub-diaphanus.

Substantia membranaceo-cartilaginea, crassiuscula, lenta, tenax, per desiccationem sub-cornea.

Obs. Frons revera laevis, quamvis ob venas, quae sunt, praesertlm per microscopium visas, scabriusculag, haud ita
apparet : — exsiccatione chartae non adhasret.

Perpaucis mod6 botanicis innotescit F. venosus, ut inter Fucos a Linnaao descriptos vix unus sit atque alter dubi-
orum nebulis densioribus involutus. Crederem quoque esse stirpem qua? infrequentissime occurrit, quoniam in
Herbario Linnaeano solo hactenus servatam vidi ; quod mirum de planta incola Capitis Bonae Spei, quo nullam fere"
orbis terrarum regionem, paucas Europaeas si excipias, botanicorum oculi intentius perlustrarunt. Nulla etiam ejus
icon extat, neque ab auctore aliquo prater Linnajum memoratam invenio, nisi forsan eandem revera stirpem hoc
nomine, in opere suo, "f Beitrdge dicto, appellaverint Weberus Mohriusque, de quo fieri nequit quin scrupuli summi
restent ; plantam enim suam quodammodo F. rubenti affinem describunt, eo magis quod basin versus obsolete sit
costata, fructuque eodem dicunt praeditam qualem fert F. crispus, quae utraque jF. venosi Linnasani naturae prorsus
repugnantia videntur. Quod ad fructificationem attinet, longe verisimilius putarem jF. venosum in hac cum F. Co-
rallorhiza convenire ; quoniam, uti jam J supra in hoc opere memoratur, summa inter hos Fucos, colore, forma,
textura, atque habitu, affinitas interest. Dignoscitur autem F. venosus primo statim aspectu, cum ab hoc, turn ab
omnibus aliis in praesens notis Fucorum speciebus, per venas a quibus nomen ducit. Hae totam fere frondis super-
ficiem tegunt, substantias fronde crassioris, atque, ut videtur, neutiquam ejusdem, suntque hujus mod6 stirpis, quantum
hactenus innotuit, propria? ; attente enim lustrata? toto caelo abludunt ab iis jF. lacerati, quibus consentaneas forsan
aliquis obiter inspiciens diceret, praesertim ciim in tota harum specierum figura, sicut etiam in habitu, quod aiunt,
generali, simile quiddam inest per quod congeneres facile existimarentur.

a. F. venosus, magn. nat.

b. frondis pars, magn. auct. - - - 6.

c. ejusdem portio ----- 5.

* Quod in Fwcorum Britannicorum Synopsi animadvertitur, vidisse Smithium prope frondis basin semina sparsa solitaria, sicut in Ulvis, ex
errore pendet.

t Exscribenda credo ea quae de bac re dicuut: — " Ein seltner Capischer Tang aber, der F. venosus Linn. Mailt., der niit dem F. ruhe)is
insofern einigermassen Analogic hat, dass unten in seiner, sich auch keilformig erweiternden Frons, eine obsolete Mittelrippe dnrchscliiesst,
ist unbezweifelt ein Chondrus, im strengsten Sinne der Stackhouseschen Gattuog. Indess sind die Pericarpia, indem sie zu beiden Seiten
hemispliarisch hervorragen, an Form mehr denen der Sphdrococcen ahnlich. Merkwiirdig ist tins sonst dieser F. venosus, ausser einer andern
physiologischen Riicksicht, seinen ganzen Bau betreffend, deshalb geworden, weil wir an einigen griissern der in seinen Pericarpien
enthaltnen Kbrner etwas Aehnliches niit dem Limbus, der sonst allein den Saamen der Fucorum der erstem Abtheihing, oder der gymno-
farporura bekam, glauben bemerkt zu baben" — Beitrdge zur Naturkundc. p. 275.

} Sub F. Ccrallorhizd, II, p. 71,

12

139.— ¥ UCUS BUCCINALIS.

Fucus buccinalis, stipes fistulous, undivided, expanded at its apex into a coriaceous, flat, nerveless, lanceolate leaf,

pinnated with lanceolate leaflets, entire at their margins.
Fucus buccinalis. Linn. Mant. p. 312. Si/st. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II. p. 1389=
F. maximus. Osbeck's Travels. II. p. 73.
Arundo indica Jluitans. Bauhin, Pin. p. 19.

In the ocean, off* the Cape of Good Hope, growing on the deepest rocks, from which it is often torn up, and
thrown upon the shore. Koenig.

Perennial,

Root, according to Linnaeus, fibrous and woody.

Frond, arising with a simple cylindrical stipes, of the length of which I am ignorant, about as thick near the
summit as the little finger, and, to use the words of Linnaeus, " attenuated at its base, thence gradually swelling,
fistulous, afterwards inflated, till at length it is again narrowed," when it becomes gradually compressed, and finally
expands into a single, flat leaf, between oblong and lanceolate, destitute of veins or midrib, undivided, a foot and half,
or more long, and above two inches wide, pinnated throughout its whole length with horizontal leaflets, standing near
to each other, oblong, or between oblong and cuneiform, much narrowed at their base, undivided, nearly of the same
size as the primary leaf, rounded at their apices, and quite entire at their margins.

Fructification, at present unknown.

Color, of the stem blackish, of the leaf blackish red, not altogether devoid of gloss, and so dark that, unless held
to the light, it appears wholly black.

Substance, woody in the stem, in the leaf coriaceous, thick, flexible, and tough.

Obs. In drying it does not adhere to paper; but the margins of the leaf become slightly undulated, and the
stipes deeply grooved with longitudinal furrows, which do not disappear on subsequent immersion.

The drawing of jF. buccinalis represented in the present plate, was, through the kindness of Sir Joseph Banks,
copied from the specimen preserved in his own herbarium, and is the only one that I ever met with in any degree entire;
whatever else I have seen of the plant having been mere fragments of leaves. Even in this, however, the greater part
of the stem is wanting, so that it accords but ill with the description above copied from the Mantissa of Linnaeus ;
and I the more regret this imperfection, as the most obvious mark of the species seems to depend upon the swollen
fistular stipes, and its name also is derived from the same circumstance. It seems to be a plant well known to navi-
gators, among whom it has acquired the appellation of Trumpet-weed, and is regarded as a certain sign of the vicinity
of the Cape of Good Hope. Osbeck, who particularly mentions it in his voyage, calls it F. maximus, and says the
specimens he saw were above a yard long, as thick as an Indian cane, and commonly grew with some stalks joined
together. He adds, that it formed, as it were, fly-flaps at the top, where the leaves stand in two rows, decreasing in
size by little and little. The substance of the leaf is as thick as stout shoe-leather, and extremely tough, not having
the least tendency to succuleucy, as is the case in that of F. edulis, which is of the same color, and nearly of equal
thickness. In the Banksian specimen, the part of the stem that remains is about eight inches long, and every where
solid. If a thin horizontal section of this be examined, the centre appears much paler than the rest, and the whole is
found under the microscope to be composed of a net-work of fibres, most closely matted together, and forming irre~
gular hexagonal meshes. The pinnated form of the leaf at once distinguishes JF, buccinalis from -F. digitatus, which
seems to be its nearest affinity.

a. F. buccinalis, natural size.

b. horizontal section of the stem.

c. portion of the same, magnified

1.

139. — F UCUS BUGCINALIS.

13

Fucus, stipite fistuloso, indiviso, apice expanso in folium coriaceum, planum, enerve, lanceolatum, foliolis lanceo-

latis integerrimis pinnatum.
Fucus buccinalis. Linn. Mant. p. 312. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel'.ll. p. 1389.
F. maximus. Os beck's Travels. II. p. 73.
Arundo indica fiuitans. Bauhin, Pin. p. 19.

Habitat in oceano, extra Caput Bonas Spei, lapidibus profundissimis innatus, inde saepe evulsus natat, et ad
littora rejicitur. Koenig.

Perennis.

Radix, teste Linnaeo, fibrosa, lignosa.

Frons stipite assurgens simplice, terete, cujus de longitudine nihil est quod dicam, apicem versus digiti auricularis
crassitie, et, ut Linnaei verbis utar, " e basi attenuate sensim incrassato, fistuloso, demiim inflato, ultimo iterilm
attenuato, tumque se expandente" in folium unicum, oblongo-lanceolatum, planum, nervi venarumque expers, indi-
visum, cubitum et ultra longum, duosque et ultra pollices latum, foliolis horizontalibus, approximatis, e basi angustatl,
oblongis, aut oblongo-cuneiformibus, ejusdem fere qua folium primarium magnitudinis, indivisis, apice rotundatis,
margine integerrimis, per totam longitudinem pinnatum.

Fructificatio hactenus latet.

Color stipitis nigricans, folii atro-sanguineus, non sine aliquo nitore, ita intensus ut, nisi luci objiciatur, ater
videatur.

Substantia in stipite lignosa, in folio coriacea, crassa, lenta, et tenax.

Obs. Exsiccatione chartae nequaquam adhaeret ; sed folii margines leviter fiunt undulati, stipesque profundi
exaratur sulcis longitudinalibus, qui nunquam postea e madefacto evanescunt.

F. buccinalis exemplaris Banksiani iconem haec tabula delineatam exhibet, quod Banksii optimi amicitiae acceptum
refero. Temporibus diversis aliquot hujus Fuci frustula vidi, sed nihil quod cum specimine hie depicto conferri
possit, quamvis hoc quoque mancum ; maxima enim stipitis parte, tota quidem ilia quae fistulosa est, caret, et prae-
cipua speciei nota e stipite pendet inflato, a quo nomen quoque specificum deducitur. Hinc fit ut tabula nostra
nequaqudm satis apte respondeat descriptioni suprd e Linnsei Mantissa exscriptae ; de stirpe verd nulla dubitatio.
Mirum quidem quod F. buccinalis in omnibus fere desideretur phytophylaciis, quoniam inter navigatores bene diu
innotuit, tuba marina (anglict trumpet-weed) nomine his cognitus. Osbeckius prae caeteris ilium in itineris sui de-
scriptionie memorat, F. maximum vocans ; dicitque specimina a se visa longitudinem superasse tripedalem, cannas
indices crassitiem aequavisse. Insuper his addit, nasci solitum stipitibus pluribus una conjunctis, et folia ad apicem
bifariam posita muscarii speciem quodammodo prae se ferre. Folii substantia crassitie corio calceatorio non cedit, et
tenacissima est, ne minimum in se succosi habens ; in quo insigniter discrepat a jF. eduli, cui substantia ferh eadem,
color non diversus. Stipitis ilia portio, quae exemplari Banksiano superstes manet, ubique solida, octo circit^r pol-
licum est longitudinis. Hujus, si horizontaliter dissecti frustulum lenti subjiciatur, pars media reliqua pallidior
apparet, totusque constare reperitur e fibris retis in modum densissime intertextis, maculis enormiter hexagonis.
Folii forma pinnata efficit ut F. buccinalis statim dignoscatur a F. digitato, cui magis quam alii cuilibet natura affinjs
?idetur.

a. F. buccinalis, magn. nat.

b. stipitis horizontaliter dissecti pars.

c. ejusdem portio, magn. auct. - - 1.

14

140.— F UCUS CABRERA.

Fucus Cabrera, frond between coriaceous and cartilaginous, flat, nerveless, very narrow, linear, irregularly dicho-

tomous, quite entire at the margins : tubercles solitary, elliptical, terminal.
Fucus Cabrera. Clemente. p. 313.

About Cadiz. Clemente.

Perennial ?

Root, a hard, woody, shapeless knob.

Frond, rising with a cylindrical stipes as thick as a swan's quill, scarcely half an inch long, and undivided, but
throwing out numerous scattered branches from its apex ; branches cylindrical at their base, and to the height of one
or two lines, and not thicker than a sparrow's quill, then immediately becoming flat, and afterwards preserving
throughout their whole length, which extends to about six or seven inches, an equal width of about a line, most of them
are repeatedly dichotomous at uncertain intervals, with the angles of their divisions acute, others might more properly
be called undivided, but loosely beset on both sides with a series of smaller ones, which are distichous, scattered,
between erect and patent, shorter than the primary ones, but of the same nature and substance as they, and, like
them, either dichotomous, or furnished again with others arranged in the same manner ; the margins of all are quite
entire ; the apices acute, excepting those that are in fructification, or those from which the fruit has just fallen, which
are truncate : — the annular appearance of the frond, noticed under F. lumbricalis, is also observable in this Fucus,
arising from young narrow shoots springing out of the truncated apices.

Fructification, placed upon the ends of the branches, which then expand into a small flat disk, supporting a
single cylindrical tubercle, scarcely a line long, of a pale flesh-color, slightly tinged with brown, destitute of any epi-
dermis, and wholly consisting of very thin, parallel, whitish fibres, of a clavate shape, with a rounded tip, mixed with
which lie oblong reddish seeds.

Color, a pleasing, transparent, olive green.

Substance, between coriaceous and cartilaginous, flexible and tough.

Obs. The habit of this plant is straight : in drying it does not adhere to paper.

I lately received this remarkable Fucus in a large parcel of marine plants sent me from the neighborhood of Cadiz,
by my friend, Don Simon de Roxas Clemente, who first described it in a catalogue of the submersed Alga; of the
kingdom of Seville, published by him, at the end of his Essay upon the Varieties of the common Vine. He gave it
the name it here bears, in honor of one of his fellow-laborers in the investigation of the botany of Spain, * Don
Antonia Cabrera, canon of the church of Cadiz, and it must be allowed that he has chosen for his friend a curious
species. The habit of F. Cabrera is altogether that of some Fuci of the division foliis unitis, insomuch, that any
botanist, who had seen it only barren, might easily be led to believe it was merely one of that tribe in an imperfect
state, or an early stage of growth. In its fruit, however, it is most unlike them, and in the interior formation of its
capsules agrees with F. rotundas, to which, in other respects, it has not the least affinity. The texture of the frond
approaches that of F. aculeatus, which the root also resembles. The fructification appears to have escaped the notice
of Clemente, who expresses himself doubtful if the plant may not possibly belong more properly to the Utva than
to the Fuci, and says, that it has numerous, globular, yellowish, pellucid, immersed seeds, scarcely visible to the
naked eye, nothing of which kind I can see in my specimen. He also adds, that the ends of the frond are
acute, except from -j- accidental causes. The external appearance of the tubercles resembles that of the apices of F.
lumbricalis @, between which plant and F. Cabrera there is another point of affinity, in the fruit of both falling off in
decay, and the frond pushing out from the centre of the injured part new branches, which, being considerably more
narrow than the primary ones, cause it to look here and there as if marked with annular strictures.

a. F. Cabrera, natural size.

b. part of the frond, magnified - - 6.

c. apex, with tubercle - - - - 5.

d. horizontal section of a tubercle - - 2.

e. fibres and seeds - - - - 1 .

* Upon this subject, Clemente says, " Cabrera? nomine earn insignivi, ut eonstet inter botanicos hujus et futiiii aevi sedulitas, ingenium, et
mira sagacitas, quibus D. Auton. Cabrera, Ecclesise Gaditanae Canonicus, alga ruin niarinarum indagini se dedidit, preclara in aliis disciplinis
parta merita non pariim exornans."

t " Apices saape truncati ex spontaneo extremitat'.im defluvio per commissuras incrassatas ad superioretn frondis partem freqnentiores
absque ordine positas locum habenti." — Clemente.

a,

140. — F UCUS CABRERA.

15

Fucus fronde coriaceo-cartilaginea, plana, enervi, angustissima, lineari, sub-dichotoma, integerrima : tubercuhs

solitariis, ellipticis, terminalibus.
Fucus Cabrera. Clemente. p.-313.

Habitat circa Gades. Clemente.

Perennis't

Radix callus durus, lignosus, informis-

Frons stipite assurgens terete, penna? olorinae crassitie, vix unguem longo, indiviso, sed apice ramis plurimis vage
obsito ; rami, e basi exigua teretiuscula lineam unam alteramve longa, et penna passerina. haud crassiore orti, statlm
fiunt plani, et per totam longitudinem, quae sex septemve pollices aequat, latitudinem unius circiter lineae ubique
aequalem ad apices usque servant ; rami hi, et quidem plurimi, intervallis incertis crebro dichotomi, furcarum angulis
acutis ; illos potius indivisos diceres, et utrinque laxe obsitos aliis, honiogeneis, brevioribus, distichis, sparsis, erecto-
patulis, qui quoque, primariorum instar, vel dichotomi sunt, vel aliis eadem ratione dispositis instructi ; maigines
cunctis integerrimi ; apices acuti, nisi in fructiferis, aut fructu jam delapso, quum truncati conspiciuntur : — idem in
hoc Fuco, quod in F. lumbricali, accidere solet ; scilicet ramos novos angustioresque ex apicibus truncatis ortos
frondi faciem annulatam dare.

Fructificatio sita ad apices ramorum, qui tunc in discum explanantur dilatatum, cui insidet tuberculum
unicuni, teres, vix lineam longum, dilute carneum non sine fuscedine, epidermide nulla obtectum, sed totum constans
e fibris parallelis, tenuissimis, albicantibus, claviformibus, apice rotundato, quibus immixta jacent semina oblonga
rubentia.

Color amcene olivaceus, diaphanus.

Substantia coriaceo-cartilaginea, tenuis, lenta, tenax.

Obs. Habitus strictus ; facies comosa ; exsiccatione charta? non adhaeret.

Paucis modo abhinc mensibus accepi hunc Fucum, hactenus nullibi nisi prope Gades ab amicissimo Clemente lectuni.
Hie primus descripsit in Catalogo Algarum submersarum regni Sevillae, quern operis sui de Vitis viniferce varieta-
tibus ad calcem apposuit. F. Cabrera nomen speciei indidit, honori consulens* D. Antonii Cabrera, Ecclesiae
Gaditanas Canonici, quern in Algis Hispanis indagandis collegam habuerat. Singularem sane stirpem, dignamque
qua? botanici nomen ferret, amico dicandam selegit. Habitu haec planta gaudet tali, quali plures e Fucis cpiihus folia
sunt, quae dicuntur, unita ; ut, si sterilem mod6 reperiret aliquis, facile quendam ex his crederet, et forsan intactum
praeteriret, mancum junioremve existimans. Longe tamen ab his omnibus fructifera recedit ; capsularumque forma
interna cum F. rotundo, a quo in cseteris diversissima, convenit. Frondis textura ad F. aculeatum accedit, atque
radicem habet hujus similem. Fructificationem nunquam vidit cl. Clemente, qui dubitare se profitetur utrum recte
fecerit Fucis potius quam Ulvis associando, memoratque ferre semina plurima spherica lutescentia pellucida in frondis
substantia immersa, adeo exigua ut aciem inermem pene fugiant. Talia ego frustra in exemplaribus meis quassivi, et
casu rnod6 adfuisse, non plantaB fuisse propria, suspicor. Adjungit quoque idem ramorum apices natura esse acutos,
nisi ffortuito laesi reperiantur. Tuberculorum facies externa haud absimilis est ejus apicum frondis in -F. lumbricalis
varietate /3 ; interestque alia etiam inter ilium Fucum et F. Cabreram afhnitas, quod utriusque fructus effcetus decidat,
et e ramorum extremitatibus hanc ob causam truncatis rami novi propullulent, qui, primariis longe angustiores,
frondis faciem hie illic annulatam reddunt.

a. F. Cabrera, magn. nat.

b. frondis pars, magn. auct. - - - 6.

c. apex, cum tuberculo - - - -5.

d. tuberculum horizontaliter dissectum - 2.

e. fibres, et semina - 1.

* De hoc Clemente, " Cabrera nomine earn insignivi, ut constet inter botanicos hnjus et futuri sevi sedulitas, ingenium, et mira sagacitas,
quibus D. Anton. Cabrera, Ecclesiae Gaditanae Canonicus, algarum marinarum iudagini se dedidit, praeclara in aliis disciplinis parta merita
»ion parum exornans."

t " Apices saepe uncati ex spontaneo extremitatum defluvio per commissuras incrassatas ad superiorera frondis partem frequentiores
absque ordine positas locum habenti."— Clemente.

16

141.— F UCUS CONFLUENS.

Fucus coiifluens, frond coriaceous, flat, nerveless, linear, mostly undivided, pinnated with branches between erect
and patent, alternate, chiefly simple, long, sub-petiolated, sinuated at their margins, rounded at their apices :
tubercles immersed in the smaller branches.

Fucus confluens. Brown, MS.

At Port Dalrymple, in New Holland. Mr. Brown.
Perennial.

Root, I have never seen.

Frond, in the part nearest the base, probably from the action of the waves, between compressed and cylindrical,
and two or three lines in diameter, but almost immediately becoming flat, and thence preserving throughout its whole
length, which extends to a foot and half, or more, an everywhere equal width of about half an inch ; it is constantly
destitute both of veins and midrib ; near the base it is once or twice dichotomous, after which it continues undivided,
but is pinnated at irregular intervals, sometimes of an inch, sometimes of scarcely half an inch each, with branches of
the same nature and substance as itself, distichous, alternate, between erect and patent, the lowest longest, and nearly
afoot in length, the uppermost hardly two inches long; the shorter branches are simple, the longer pinnated with
other smaller ones, disposed in the same manner as themselves, all of them so much attenuated at their base as to
appear almost petiolated, but soon becoming flat and linear, and of nearly the same width as the primary frond, like
which they are here and there irregularly, but slightly, sinuated at their margins, and at their apices obtuse and
rounded.

Fructification, situated in the apices of the branches, especially the smaller ones, (but these do not, from
their containing the fruit and performing the office of receptacles, alter their form, but are merely thicker, and
externally torulose, and perforated with very minute pores,) consisting of imbedded spherical tubercles, full of ex-
tremely thin fibres, but, in my specimens, destitute of seeds, which had in all probability escaped.

Color, olive-green, blackish in a dry state, but, if kept long in fresh water, turning to a deep, red-brown.

Substance, between coriaceous and cartilaginous, flexible and tough.

Obs. The barren apices of the frond, if held to a strong light, appear evidently thickest in their centre, and of a
darker color, so as to exhibit the appearance of an obsolete midrib : — the surface is sometimes uneven with minute
longitudinal wrinkles : — the branches are not uncommonly once twisted at their base : — in drying the plant does not
adhere to paper.

The striking resemblance, in point of size, color, habit, and fructification, between the Fucus here figured and F.
serratus, can scarcely fail of being noticed by every botanist; and it is such, that these plants may justly be regarded
as close affinities, though the strong difference of the one having a thick visible midrib, which in the other is wholly
wanting, may render it necessary to keep them at a distance from each other in an artificial arrangement. Nor is
this the only particular in which they differ ; for they equally disagree in the margins of jF. conjiuens being only here
and there sinuated, while those of F. serratus are regularly serrated ; in the apices of the former being always
rounded, while those of the latter, though obtuse when barren, are acute when in fructification ; and in the remarkable
peculiarity of F. conjiuens having its branches so attenuated at their bases as to appear as if they were really petio-
lated, and to look like proper receptacles destined to perform no other office but that of containing the fruit. The
frond, too, of this latter, is far from being dichotomous, and might more properly be described as a flat stem, pinnated
with branches similar to itself. I have seen no specimens of this plant, besides those which I owe to the kindness of
Mr. Brown, one of which is represented in the present plate.

a. jF. conjiuens, natural size.

b. horizontal section of a receptacle, magnified 6.

c. portion of the same - - - - -3.

141. — F UCUS CONFLUENS.

17

Fucus, fronde coiiacea, plana, enervi, lineari, sub-indivisa, pinnata ramis erecto-patulis, alternis, simpliciusculis,

eiongatis, sub-petiolatis, sinuatis, apice rotundatis : tuberculis in ramis minoribus immersis
Fucus conjiuens. Brown, M.S.

Habitat apud Portum Dalrymple in Novae Hollandise oris. D. Brown.
Perennis.

Radix a me nondum visa.

Frons qua basi proxima (vi forsan fluctuum ibi attrita) e tereti compressa, duarum triumve linearum diametro,
exinde fere statim fit plana, servatque latitudinem eandem clicker unguicularem per totam longitudinem quae sesqui-
pedem aequat vel superat ; costa venisque semper caret ; juxta basin semel iterumve est dichotoma, ex quo indivisa
manet, sed intervallis nunc pollicaribus nunc vix unguicularibus pinnata conspicitur ramis homogeneis, distichis,
alternis, erecto-patentibus, inferioribus longissimis et propemodiim pedalibus, summis haud bipollicaribus, longis
tamen brevibusque, nullo ordine servato, immixtis ; rami breviores simplices, longiores aliis minoribus simili ratione
dispositis pinnati, omnes ortu angustati ut propemodum petiolati videantur, mox plani et lineares, ejusdem fere cum
fronde primaria latitudinis, atque, illius instar, margine hie illic enormiter, sed leviter, sinuati, apiceque obtusi et
rotundati.

Fructific atio in ramis, praesertim minoribus, apices versus sita, interdum totos occupans, (hi tamen, dum re-
ceptaculorum vice funguntur, ob fructum inclusum formam non mutant, et tantum crassiores fiunt, extrinsecusque
torulosi, porisque minutissimis pertusi,) e tuberculis constat immersis, sphsericis, fibris tenuissimis repletis, sed in nostris
exemplaribus sine seminibus, qua? procul dubio aufugerant.

Color olivaceus, exsiccatcc nigricans, in aqua dulci diu senates, intense fuscus.

Substantia coriaceo-cartilaginea, lenta, tenax.

Obs. Frondis in apicibus sterilibus luci fortiori objectis pars media aliquantum incrassata apparet colorisque
intensions, ut costae obsoletae speciem prae se ferat ; superficies quoque interdum est rugosula, rugis minutis longitudi-
nalibus: — rami basi non rard semel torti : — planta exsiccata chartae non adhaeret.

Quanta interest colore magnitudine habitu et fructu inter Fucum hie depictum et F. serratum similitudo, nemo, uti
credo, botanicus non statim agnoscet. Ea quidem haec est ut hae duas species jure habeantur arctissimc: affines ;
quamvis, ob frondem in hac manifest*; percursam costa incrassata, in ilia prorsus enervem, necesse sit ut in systemate
artificiali non parvo disjungantur intervallo. Neque quidem in hoc mod6 uno discrepant, sed et alia diversissima ;
F. serrati enim frondis margines dentibus acutis per totam longitudinem sunt obsiti, quibus F. conjiuens prorsus caret,
et tantum est hie illic leniter sinuatus : hujus ramorum apices semper rotundati ; illius steriles obtusi, fructiferi acu-
minati : adde quod F. conjiuens ramos habeat basi ita attenuates ut petiolis brevissimis insidere videantur, referantquc
receptacula ad nullum alium finem, nisi ut semina includant, a natura comparata. Fronde etiam gaudet nequaquam
vere dichotoma; sed potius dicenda instructa caule piano ramis homogeneis pinnate Nulla hujus plantoe exemplaria
unquam vidi praster ea quae D. Brown benevolentisa debeo, quorum unum haec tabula delineatum exliibet.

a. F. confiuens, magn. nat.

b. receptaculum horizontalittr dissectum, magn. auct. G.

c. ejusdem pars - - - -3,

Vol. Ill

D

18

142.— FU CUS COMOSUS.

Fucus comosus, stem coriaceous, compressed, linear, branched, beset on both sides with leaves and vesicles ; leaves
standing close to each other, flat, nerveless, linear, dentato-serrate, bearing fruit ; vesicles elliptical, petiolate,
terminated with leaves : tubercles imbedded in the leaves.
Fucus comosus. Labill. PL Nov. Holl. II. p. 112. t. £58.
8. subintegrifolius; leaves mostly quite entire ; color dark, reddish brown.

Both varieties are found at Van Diemen's Land. M. Labillardiere, and Mr. Brown.

Perennial.

Root, I have not yet seen.

Frond, rising with a compressed, smooth stem, from a foot and half to six feet, or more, in length, preserving
from base to summit an every where equal width of three or four lines, sometimes, and, according to Labillardiere,
most frequently, simple, in other specimens irregularly dichotomous, and beset on both sides with a few scattered,
patent branches of the same substance and nature as itself, which, though long, are always, as far as I have seen,
simple, but, like the stem, produce throughout their whole length leaves and vesicles ; leaves distichous, some stand-
ing close to each other, others rather remote, between horizontal and patent, flat, destitute of midrib or veins, * sessile,
linear, about three inches long, and three or four lines wide, most of them straight, but some slightly falcate ; the
surface in barren specimens is smooth, in fructified ones rugged and perforated : the apices are rather acute, occa-
sionally acuminated ; the margins are serrato-dentate, with large irregularly scattered teeth ; vesicles mixed with the
leaves, but *j- sparingly so, scattered, elliptical, as large as Olives, supported on cylindrical petioli a line in length,
externally smooth, internally empty, terminated at their apex by a leaf similar to the rest, but smaller, which is some-
times so broken or imperfect as to appear only like a cylindrical arista.

Fructification, spherical tubercles immersed in the substance of the leaves, (which at that period perform the
the office of receptacles, and are full of mucus, and swollen to four times their usual thickness) scattered all over them,
externally perforated with very minute pores, and internally containing numbers of elliptical, brown, dotted seeds,
together with parallel fibres, and irregularly oblong, pellucid granules, apparently, similar to those observable in the
tubercles of jP. tuberculatus, and many other Fuci.

Color, olive-green, blackish when dry.

Substance, coriaceous in the stem, cartilaginous in the leaves and vesicles; every where flexible and tough.

Obs. The leaves sometimes reach the length of six inches, as if they were about to lengthen into branches; and I
have seen one which was bifid : according to Labillardiere, two leaves occasionally, though rarely, grow from the
end of the same vesicle : — the plant, in drying, does not adhere to paper.

The variety (3 principally differs from « in having most of its leaves entire at the margins, though some are re-
markably toothed ; in the direction of these being between erect and patent, not between horizontal and patent ; in
their being so attenuated at the base as to look as if they were supported upon short, sub-cylindrical petioli ; and in
the appearance of the whole plant being quite smooth, and the color a brown tinged with dark red, without any por-
tion of olive.

This Fucus affords a very extraordinary, and, I believe, an unique instance of the tubercles being immersed in the
substance of the leaves, which, though they perform the office of receptacles, yet on such account undergo no altera-
tion in form, and merely become more thick in their substance, and wrinkled or granulated in their surface. The
specimen represented in the present plate, for which I am indebted to Mr. T. F. Forster, who received it, I under-
stand, among the remains of Ellis's herbarium with no locus natalis annexed, is in full fruit : that figured by Labil-
lardiere in his Plants of New Holland is altogther barren, and this author seems, from his description, to be
acquainted with it in such a state alone. They appear to agree in eveiy other respect, and the specimens of the var.
@, gathered by Mr. Brown, curiously unite them, by being partly barren, and partly in fruit; while at the same time
they differ from both in their nearly entire leaves, and have their color so greatly unlike that of the subject of the
plate before us. V :th respect to the color of M. Labillardiere's plant, it is impossible to say any thing, as it is not
mentioned in the description. The leaves of F. comosus are, when barren, merely a thin membrane, of a substance,
apparently, quite uniform, and without any tendency to a fibrous structure ; but, when in fruit, their nature seems
altogether changed, and the alteration they undergo is not wholly unlike that which takes place in the pinnae of F.
esculentus, except that the outer coat, instead of being composed of pyriform seeds, consists of parallel jointed fibres,
under which the tubercles lie imbedded. A series of minute, dark-brown, globular granules, is generally found lying
immediately at the base of the fibres, or sometimes mixed among them, but what purpose they are designed to answer
1 have not the least idea. Their form differs from that of the seeds contained in the tubercles. Mr. Forster, who
has long been in possession of this Fucus, had intended to have described it in the JLinnaan Transactions, under the

name

* Labillardiere calls the leaves sub petiolate, which is by no means the case in the specimen here figured, but holds good in my variety 0, of
which the leaves are remarkably attenuated at the base.

t I describe from what I have seen ; but Labillardiere, on the other hand, says, that the vesicles are produced plentifully, and that most of
the lea' es are at their bases dilated inio an elliptical vesicle much wider than themselves ; upon which subject I think it necessary to observe,
that it appears to me in. possible that the leaves should ever widen so as to be changed into vesicles, but that I believe these latter to be first
formed, and the leaves to grow afterwards out of their apices.

142.— FUCUS GO MO S US.

19

name of F. nuciferus, which appellation would have been greatly preferable to the unmeaning one since given by
Labillardiere. F. comosus agrees in its mode of growth with F. Menziesii, from which it is at first sight distin-
guishable by the smooth stem and the serrated leaves, not to mention either the difference in substance, or the most
important character of the latter, that of the fruit being imbedded in the substance of the leaves ; upon which, how-
ever, no stress can be laid, while the fructification of F. Menziesii continues unknown, as it is possible that it may
be like that of F. comosus, though the texture of the plant makes such a supposition highly improbable.

a. F. comosus, natural size.

b. horizontal section of a leaf, magnified - 6.

c. part of the same - - - - - 4»

d. portion of a receptacle - - - - 3.

e. seeds - - - - - - - 1.

f. pellucid granules - - - - - 1 .

g. horizontal section of a leaf, without receptacles 5.

h. part of the same - - - - -2.

142.— FUCUS COMOSUS.

Fucus, caule coriaceo, compresso, lineari, sub-ramoso, utrinque foliis vesiculisque obsito ; foliis approximatis,
planis, enervibus, linearibus, dentato-serratis, fructiferis ; v«siculis ellipticis, petiolatis, apice foliiferis : tuberculis
in foliis immersis.

Fucus comosus- Labill. PI. Nov. Holl. II. p. 112. t. 258.
$. subintegrifolius; foliis plurimis integerrimis ; colore sanguineo-fusco.

Habitat ytraque varietas ad capitis Van-Diemen littora. D. Labillardiere et D. Brown.

Perennis.

Radix a me nondum visa.

Frons caule assurgens compresso, laevi, sesquipedali, orgyali, et ultra, latitudinem tri- quadri- linearem ubique
aequalem a basi ad apices servante, nunc, et quidem, teste Labillardiero, plerumque, simplice, nunc vage dichotomo,
ramisque aliquot utrinque obsito sparsis, homogeneis, patentibus, elongatis, semper, quantum ego vidi, simplicibus,
folia vesiculasque, sicut et caulis, per totam longitudinem sustentantibus ; folia disticlia, hicconferta, illic remotiuscula,
horizontaliter patula, plana, nervi venarumque expertia, * sessilia, linearia, tres circiter pollices longa, et tres quatuorve
lineas lata, pleraque recta, sed quaedam leniter falcata ; superficies in sterilibus lsevis, in fructiferis rugosa et pertusa ;
apices acutiusculi, interdum acuminati ; margines laXe serrato-dentati, dentibus magnis enormiter sparsis ; vesiculce
foliis immixtae, sed illis longe -j* infrequentiores, sparsse, ellipticae, Oleec europaa, druparum magnitudine, petiolis
teretibus lineam longis fultse, extrinsecus lasves, intus cavse et vacuae, apice terminatae folio reliquorum simili sed illis
duplo triplove breviore, quod aliquando diffractum aut abortivum aristam mod6 teretem simulat.

Fructificatio tubercula spharica, immersa in substantia foliorum, (quae tunc receptaculorum vice funguntur et
muco repleta sunt solito quadruplo crassiora,) ubique per ilia sparsa, poris minutissimis extrinsecus pertusa, intus

includentia

* Sub-petiolata descvibit Labillavdierus, quod neutiquam in exemplare hie depicto valet : res tamen ita se habet in varietate nostra 0, cujus
folia basi insigniter sunt attenuata.

+ Ita quidem in nostris est exemplaribus, sed contra frequentissimas dicit Labillardierus, " folia pluiima basi in vesiculam ellipticam multo
iisdem latiorem dilatari" memorans ; de quo animadvertendum, videii mini impossible folia reveia in ve-sicuhs dilatata nmtari? $ed omnino
«redo has primitus formarij et folia postea ex apicibus oriri.

5>0 14^. — F UCUS COMOSUS.

includentia myriadas seminum fuscorum ellipticorum punctatorum, una cum fibris parallelis, granulisque euormiter
oblongis pellucidis, similibus, uti videtur, illorum in F. tuberculati aliorumque multorum Fucorum tuberculis ob-
servatorum.

Color olivaceus, siccatae nigricans.

Substantia in caule coriacea, in foliis et vesiculis cartilaginea, ubique lenta et tenax.

Var. £ praecipue discrepat ab « qu6d folia habeat pleraque margine integerrima, aliqua verb insigniter dentata ;
qu6d haec non sint horizontaliter, sed erecto, patula ; qu6d basi ita attenuentur ut in petiolos brevissimos teretiusculos
desinere videantur ; denique quod tori stirpi facies sit laevigata, et color fuscus in sanguineum proclivis, nequaquam
olivaceus.

Obs. Folia interdum in septem pollicum longitudinem producuntur, quasi semet in ramos elongatura, et unum
vidi bifidum : teste Labillardiero, vesicular foliis binis rar6 coronantur : — planta exsiccata chartae non adhaeret.

Notabilis et, quantum scio, unicus est hie Fucus inter Algas cui tubercula sunt immersa in substantia foliorum,
quae, dum receptaculorum vice funguntur, nullam idcirco forma? suae mutationem subeunt, sed tantummodo crassiores
fiunt, superficieque rugosa aut granulata. Exemplar in hac tabula delineatuui benevole admodum mecum commu-
nicavit D. T. F. Forster, qui inter herbarii Ellisiani reliquias aCcepit, loco natali adjecto nullo. Hoc ubique est
fructiferum ; sed fructu omnino caret illud a Labillardiero inter plantas Novae Hollandiae depictum, neque, quantum
e descriptione liquet, receptacula ille unquam vidit. In caeteris hae stirpes convenire videntur, atque inter utramque
facie ambigunt varietatis 0 specimina a D. Brown lecta, quibus folia quaedam capsulifera, alia tuberculis carent.
Haec autem, dum utramque sic connectunt, ab utraque recedunt per foliorum margines subintegerrimos, tingunturque
colore illi absimili quo planta hie depicta gaudet. De exemplaris Labillarderiani colore nihil est quod dicam, ipse
enim in descriptione immemoratum transit. F. comosi folia sterilia membrana sunt tenuis, cui substantia est uni-
formis, et quae nihil ad structuram fibrosam accedens ostendit, sed in fructiferis indoles prorsus alia ; haec enim intus
mutantur eadem fere ratione qua F. esculenti pinnae, excepto quod in his e seminibus pyriformibus in illis e fibris
parallelis articulatis tota constet superficies. Sub fibris jacent tubercula, et saepius fibrarum ad basin vel illis immixta
conspicitur granulorum minutorum sphaericorum fuscorum series, de quibus ego nullo modo hariolari possum ad quem
finem in plantae ceconomia destinentur. Horum forma discrepat ab ilia seminum in tuberculis inclusorum. D.
Forster, qui diu hunc Fucum in herbario suo servavit, ilium in Societatis Linnceante Actis sub F. nuciferi nomine
descripsisse destinaverat, nomine sane aptissimo atque illi quod nunc fert longe anteponendo. Crescendi modo con-
venit F. comosus cum F. Menziesii, a quo primo statim aspectu distinguunt caulis glaber et folia serrata ; ut silentio
transeam substantiam alienam vel fructum in foliis immersum. Hoc autem, quantumvis sit F. comosi character
essentialis, nequaquam niti licet, donee F. Menziesii innotuerit fructificatio ; fieri enim potest ut utrique sit eadem,
quamvis textura diversa tali sententiae repugnet.

a. F. comosus, magn. nat.

b. folium horizontalith- dissectum, magn. auct. 6.

c. ejusdem pars - - - - - - 4.

d. receptaculi pars - - - - - 3.

e. semina - - - - - - -1.

f. granula pellucida - - - - - J.

g. folium horizontalitlr dissectum, sine recepta-

culis - - - - -5.

h. ejusdem pars - - - - - - 2.

143. — F UCUS DORYCARPUS.

21

Fucus, fronde coriaceo-cartilaginea, plana, enervi, lineari, alternatlm pinnatifida ; segmentis patentibus, leniter fal-
catis, simplicibus, pinnatifidisque, integerrimis : receptaculis planis,4anceolatis, subsessilibus, marginalibus, sparsis.

Habitat in Novae Hollandiae oris occidentalibus. D. Menzies.

Ferennis.

Radix callus informis, aliquantum explanatus, fibras aliquot incurvas rigidas teretes emittens.

Frons longitudine sesquipedali et ultra, ipsam ad basin compressa, penn33que ibi anserinae crassitie, mox, quam-
primum ad pollicis unius altitudinem attigit, plana, atque exinde latitudinem ubique eandem duarum circiter linea-
rum per totam longitudinem servans, nervi venarumque prorsus expers, hie illic vage dichotoma, ramis elongatis,
omnibus ab ortu ad apices pinnatifidis, segmentis patentibus, leniter incurvis, alternis, approximatis, decurrentibus,
linearibus, apice rotundatis, atque ibi non infrequenter dente uno alterove sparso brevi obsitis, caetera integerrimis, his
simplicibus duosque tresve pollices longis, illis quadruplo et ultra longioribus atque iterum simili modo pinnatifidis,
longis brevibus absque norma immixtis ; segmenta summa, quae longissima, e simplicium breviorum alis oriuntur.

Fructific atio ramorum superiorum, rar6 tamen nisi primariorum, ad margines sita, e receptaculis constat
planis, crassiusculis, lanceolatis, vel ovato-lanceolatis, semiunguem aut unguem longis et duas circiter lineas latis,
frondi concoloribus, hie illic fasciculatis, singulis pedunculo brevissimo tenuissimo fultis, extrinsecus torulosis per-
tusisque poris minutis, sub quibus latent tubercula subrotunda, immersa, singula includentia semina aliquot pyriformia,
fusca, limbo * perquam lato cincta, immixtis fibris parallelis simplicibus articulatis granulisque ellipticis pellucidis
seminibus multoties minoribus.

Color e fusco obscure ruber, in surculis junioribus multo pallidior et ad roseum accedens, exsiccatcz ita intensus
ut fer£ nigrescat.

Substantia inter cartilagineam et corneam media, crassiuscula, satis firma, tenax.

Obs. Stirps insigniter laevis, nitoris tamen expers: — exsiccata chartae non adhaeret: — capsular per pedunculos
tantummodd tenuissimos frondi afhxae facile decidunt, ramorumque margines pedunculis persistentibus scabriusculos
relinquunt.

Fuci hie depicti exemplaria mea Dno Menzies accepta refero, qui multis abhinc annis Novae Hollandia? ad oras
legit. Iisdem mox in littoribus detexit D. Brown, qui mecum quoque benevole communicavit. Species est fructu
insignis ; hie enim, quantumvis extrinsecus a F. vesiculosi vel F. natantis receptaculis toto caslo abludere appareat,
struciura intern^ prorsus cum iis consentit, ut fieri nequeat quin, Fucis demum rite in genera dispositis, horum
familiis F. dorycarpum inseramus, quamvis crescendi modo textura atque colore ab his omnibus ade6 usque recedit,
ut natura, invito ita facere videamur. Crederet potius aliquis, e facie exteriore modo judicans, ut major inter F.
dorycarpum et F. dentatum intercedat affinitas ; sed fructificatio utrique dissimillima. Color hujus Fuci ad ilium
ferri rubiginosi accedit. Ponitur in capsularum forma praecipuum speciei discrimen, a qua igitur nomen duxi,
capsulas lanceolatas innuens.

a. F. dorycarpits, magn. nat.

b. receptaculum, magn. auct. - - -6.

c. idem horizontaliter dissectum - - 5-

d. ejusdem pars - - - - - 3.

e. tuberculi dissecti portio - - - 2.

f. semen - - - - - i.

* In exemplaribus a D. Menzies lectis adeo latus est hie limbus ut semina, eorum F. membranacei instar, non tam margiue albo ciucta quaui
in saceo albo roclusa videautur, in iis autem quae D. Brown ad eadem littora reperit semina limbo prorsus carent.

143.— F UCUS DOR YCARPUS.

Fucus dorycarpus, frond between coriaceous and cartilaginous, flat, nerveless, linear, alternately pinnatifid ; seg~
ments patent, slightly incurved, entire at their margins, some simple, others pinnatifid: receptacles flat, lanceo-
late, nearly sessile, scattered, lateral.

On the western coast of New Holland. Mr. Menzies*

Perennial.

Root, a shapeless, callous knob, furnished with a few rigid, incurved, • cylindrical fibres.

Frond, a foot and half, or more long, compressed immediately adjoining the base, and there about the thickness
of a goose-quill, but becoming flat as soon as it rises to an inch in height, and afterwards preserving throughout its
^vhole length an everywhere equal width of about two lines, quite destitute of veins or midrib, irregular dichotomous
at uncertain intervals, with long branches, all of which, from their origin to their extremities, are pinnatifid with
patent, slightly incurved, alternate segments, standing close to each other, decurrent, linear, rounded at their apices,
and not uncommonly there provided with one or two short, scattered teeth, in other parts quite entire, some of them
simple, and not more than two or three inches in length, others four times as long, and again pinnatifid ; long and
short are mixed together, without any order, but the upper ones are generally longest, and grow out of the axillae of
shorter ones.

Fructification, situated upon the margins of the upper branches, seldom, however, of any but the primary
ones, consisting of flat, thickish receptacles, of a lanceolate or an ovato-lanceolate shape, from a quarter of an inch to
half an inch long, and two lines wide, of the same color as the frond, growing here and there in clusters, each sup-
ported upon a very short, and very thin separate peduncle, externally torulose, and perforated all over with minute
pores, under which lie roundish, imbedded tubercles, in each of which are a few brown, pyriform seeds, surrounded
by a *very wide limbus, mixed with simple, jointed, parallel fibres, and with pellucid, elliptical granules, many times
smaller than the seeds.

Color, dark brownish red, in the younger shoots paler, and approaching to pink; when dry, so deep as to look
almost black.

Substance, intermediate between cartilaginous and horny, rather thick, tough, and flexible-

Obs. Whole plant remarkably smooth, but destitute of gloss:— in drying it does not adhere to paper : — the cap-
sules are attached to the frond by so very thin peduncles that they easily fall off, and the remains of the peduncles .give
ihe branches a rough appearance, as if from minute teeth.

I have to express my obligations for my specimens of the Fucus Tiere figured to Mr. Menzies, who gathered it
many years ago upon the coast of New Holland, where it has been subsequently found by Mr. Brown. It is a re-
markable Fucus, particularly on account of its fructification, which, however unlike in appearance, is in its forrmv-
tion precisely the same as that of F. vesiculosus, F. natans, and their affinities, from all which the plant so widely
differs in habit, in mode of growth, in texture, and in color, that it is impossible not to feel as if violence were done
to nature in uniting species so dissimilar. F. dorycarpus seems rather, from its external appearance, to be naturally
allied to jP. dentatus, with which, in point of fruit, it has not the smallest affinity. Its color considerably resembles
that of rusty iron. The form of the capsules constitutes the most striking peculiarity of the species, and I have
therefore from this circumstance derived the name, expressive of its resemblance, though in miniature, to the head
■of a spear.

a. F. dorycarpus, natural size.

b. receptacle, magnified - - - 6.

c. horizontal section of the same - -5.

d. part of the same - - - - 3.
~e. portion of a tubercle - - - - 2.
f. seed - - - - - 1.

* In the specimens gathered by Mr. Menzies this limbus is so wide, that the seeds, like those of F. membranaceus, look rather as if they
-were inclosed in a white bag, than surrounded by a white border. In Mr. Brown's specimens the seeds are altogether destitute of any similar
appearance.

144.— F UCUS PLATYCARPUS.

23

Fucus, fronde membranacea, plana, costata, lineari, dichotoma, sinuose pinnatifida, apicibus obtusis : . capsulis
planis, membranaceis, subsessilibus, sub-orbicularibus, hie illic in costa fasciculatis.

Habitat ad Caput Bonae Spei. D. C. Brand, in Herb. Banks..'

Perennis ?

Radix callus parvulus, sub-conicus.

Frons longitudine circiter dodrantalis, e nervo constans crasso, vix nisi planta luci objiciatur detegendo, apices
versus prorsus evanescente, cui utrinque applicatur membrana concolor, angusta, linearis, ut totius frondis latitudo
ubique aequalis duas tresve lineas aequet ; frons dichotomiis divisa plurimis, juxta basin incipientibus, atque exinde
saspius, spatio inter singulas haud aequo, repetitis ; segmenta erecto-patula, sub-fastigiata ; apices rotundati, obtusi ;
margines sinuose pinnatifidi, nunc ita leniter incisi, ut tantummod6 serratos diceres, nunc ita profunde, ut segmenta in
novos ramos abitura videantur :— in exemplare hie depicto, quod unicum hactenus vidi, nervus est ubique, nisi prope
apices, denudatus, unde fit ut planta potius compressa quam plana, et ad basin, ubi pennam corvinam magnitudine
superat, teretiuscula appareat.

Fructificatio capsulae plana?, membranaceae, sub-orbiculares, vel orbiculari-obcordatae, diametro sesquilineares,
singula? pedicello brevissimo tereti fultae, ramorum nervo imposita?, hie illic fasciculatae, sub lente pulcherrime reticu-
lata?, semina foventes plurima, sparsa, immersa, enormiter subrotunda, in tres partes dehiscentia.

Color, qui basin versus ita intense est fuscus ut propemodum nigrescat, superne fit dilute fusco-roseus et sub-
diaphanus ; in exsiccatd madefactaque idem.

Substantia nervi cartilaginea ad coriaceam accedens, lenta et tenax, membranae tenuis atque tenera.

Obs. Exsiccatione chartae non adhaeret, neque faciem ullo modo mutat.

Primo statim aspectu longe ab omnibus aliis hucusque notis Fucorum speciebus recedit stirps in hac tabula
depicta, ut absque ulla dubitatione hie pro nova distinctaque specie fidenter botanicorum examini subjiciam ; quamvis
uno solo, illoque nequaquam perfecto, exemplare niti cogar. Utinam sane liceret aeque fidenter de crescendi modo
loqui ; sed de hoc scrupuli mihi multi restant, et quidem vereor ut recte fecerim, frondem supra alatam describendo ;
forsan enim accuratius dixissem basi teretem, mox compressam, et deinde planam, sicut in multis quoque aliis Fucis
accidere solet, qui etiam, hujus instar, costam habent in membrana, quo magis ad apices accedit eo sensim magis
magisque obsoletam. In tali certe fuit sententia cl. Solander, qui exemplari Banksiano subscripserat F. cuneati
nomen, sed qui forsan nunquam madefactum viderat. Sunt in hoc ipso exemplare diversae faciei rami, e quibus
botanicus aliquis hos inspiciens frondem diceret alatam, dum alter illis nisus plane enervem praedicaret ; quod cum ita
sit, rem in medio posteris, quibus litem dirimendi occasiones meliores arrideant, dijudicandam relinquere cogor.
Eadem etiam in culpa est dubitatio ut nihil possim de Fucis huic maxime affinibus dicere. Capsulae plana? lata?
membranaceae speciei characterem prae aliis manifestum suppeditant, quare ab his derivatum nomen planta? indidi.
Harum. forma, si parva licet componere magnis, ab ilia Ulmi montancc fructus non multum discrepat. Facie externa
referunt praecedentis speciei receptacula, a quibus sunt intus diversissima?, similesque capsularum F. sanguinei play
jiarum, cujus et affinium instar, F. platycarpus quoque verisimiliter tubercula fert sphaerica.

a. F. platycarpus, magn. nat.

b. capsula, magn. auct. - - - 6,

c. una ex iisdem - - - - -5.

d. capsula pars - - - - - 3.

e. semina - - - - - 1.

f. semen dijfracium - - - - J.

24

144.— F UCUS PLATYCARPUS.

Fucus platycarpus, frond membranaceous, flat, midribbed, linear, dichotomous, sinuose or pinnatifid, obtuse at the
apices : capsules flat, membranaceous, nearly sessile, suborbicular, clustered here and there on the midrib.

At the Cape of Good Hope. Mr. Brand, in the Banksian Herbarium.

Perennial ?

Root, a small, nearly conical knob.

Frond, about nine inches long, composed of a thick midrib scarcely visible except the plant is held to the light
and completely disappearing near the apices, to each side of which is attached a membrane of the same color, linear,
and so narrow, that the width of the whole frond, which is everywhere the same, does not exceed two or three lines ;
the frond is divided with numerous dichotomies, that originate near the base, and are afterwards frequently repeated
at irregular intervals ; the segments are between erect and patent, all nearly of equal height ; the apices rounded and
obtuse ; the margins between sinuose and pinnatifid, in some places so slightly cleft, that they might be called merely
serrated, in others so deeply, that the segments appear as if lengthening into new branches : — in the specimen here
painted, the only one I have ever seen, the nerve is everywhere stripped of its leafy membrane, except near the apices,
so that the plant appears compressed rather than flat, and is almost cylindrical at the base, where it is somewhat
thicker than a crow's quill.

Fructification, flat, membranaceous capsules, of an orbicular form, or between orbicular and obcordate,
about a line and a half in diameter, standing here and there in small clusters upon the midrib of the branches, and ap-
pearing under the microscope beautifully reticulated, each supported upon a very short, cylindrical peduncle, and
containing numerous, immersed, scattered, irregularly orbicular seeds, which split into three parts.

Color, so dark towards the base of the frond as to appear almost blackish, in the upper parts a pale pinky
brown, and semitransparent, the same dry as wet.

Substance, in the midrib cartilaginous, approaching to coriaceous, flexible and tough, in the membrane thin
and tender.

Ojbs. In drying it does not adhere to paper; nor does it alter its appearance.

This Fucus is, even at first sight, so different from all others, that I have not felt the least scruple in here publish-
ing it as a distinct species, although I have at present seen only a single specimen, and that far from a perfect one.
I am, however, by no means equally sure that I have done right in the description above given of its mode of growth ;
as, though it seems to me to be naturally a winged frond, it is certainly possible, perhaps not improbable, that, like
very many other Fuci, it may, even in its most perfect state, be cylindrical near the base, and thence gradually
expanded into a flat membrane, yet still preserving the traces of an obsolete midrib, which grows more and more
faint in proportion as it approaches the summits. Such, undoubtedly, was the opinion of Dr. Solander, who in the
Banksian Herbarium has given it in the MS. name of jF. cuneatus, but who, perhaps, never had the opportunity of
seeing it moist. There are different branches even in the specimen before us, which, taken separately, would lead
any botanist to incline alternately to the one or the other way of thinking, and I can therefore do" no more than leave
the question in doubt, to be settled by future naturalists who may have more favorable opportunities of judging. The
• same doubt makes me also unable to decide upon the most natural affinities of the species. Its most striking cha-
racter evidently consists in the broad, flat, membranous capsules, from which I have derived its name. These,
though somewhat similar in external appearance, are in their internal structure altogether unlike those of the pre-
ceding plant, and rather resemble those of F. sanguineus, like which, and its affinities, F. platycarpus also probably
produces spherical tubercles.

•a. F. platycarpus, natural size.

b. capsules, magnified - - - - 6.

c. one of the same - - - -5.

d. part of a capsule - - - -3.

e. seeds - - - - - 1.

f. seed broken - - - - - 1.

a

H Ise/'' del*

145. — F UCUS OBTUSATUS.

25

Fuciis, fronde cartilaginea, compresso-plana, enervi, lineari, dichotoma, margine eroso-crenulata, apice rotundato-

truncata, oraque tenui nigricante marginata : tuberculis hemisphaerkis, lateralibus, sessilibus, sparsis.
Fucus obtusatus. Labill. PL Nov. Hoi/. II. p. 111. t. 255.

Habitat ad Capitis Van Diemen littora. Labillardidre.

Perennis.

Radix discus callosus, tenuis, diametro unguicularis, nigricans.

Frondes ex eadem basi plurimae, planae, nervi venarumque expertes, longitudine pedales et ultras latitudinc
duarum linearum ubique aequali, divisae dichotomiis juxta basin incipientibus atque exinde decies pluriesve repetitis,
intervallo inter singulas circiter pollicari, segmentis sub-fastigiatis, erecto-patentibus, summis tamen interdiim leniter
falcato-recurvis ; margines ubique minute crenulati, quamvis ade6 enormiter ut potius casu erosos crederes ; apices
nunquam non obtusi, rotundato-truncati, * oraque angusta nigricante aliquantulum incrassata cincti : totam per
frondem, sed praesertim apices versus, rami hie illic subito contracti conspiciuntur, atque pars superior ex ortu an-
gustiore sensim ad suetam dilatatur latitudinem, unde facies quodammod6 catenulata aut prolifera, quae in his indi-
viduis insignis, in illis prorsus deest : hoc forsan, sicut -f-annulata F. lumbricalis aut F. Cabrera facies, e fronde
la?sa novos angustioresque ramos edente pendet.

Fructific atio tubercula hemisphaerica, nigricantia, Brassies, Rapez seminibus aliquantum minora, frondis
marginibus, praecipue prope apices, insidentia, sessilia, sparsa, solitaria, saepe opposita, poro nullo pertusa, intus sub
epidermide crassa includentia congeriem seminum minutissimorum sphaericorum dilute fuscorum.

Color badius, sanguineo tinctus, ita intensus ut propemodum niger videatur, nitons expers, juxta apices pallidior,
atque ibi, si diu in aqua dulci retineatur, demum sordide lutescens.

Substantia cartilaginea, crassiuscula, lenta, tenacissima.

Obs. Habitus strictus : — Sertularia cirrosa atque alia quaedam Sertulariae species nondum, quoad scio, descripta
hunc Fucum perrepere amant : — exsiccatus chartae non adhasret.

Quod in Mc tabula depingitur F. obtusati exemplar Dni Brown amicitiae debeo, lectum ab ipso apud Portum
Dalrymple juxta meridionale Australasia; caput, ubi aliquot ante annis detexerat Labillardierus, qui primus descripsit.
CI. hie auctor, cum in descriptione, turn in icone, immemoratos transit frondis margines crenulatos stirpisque faciem
proliferam ; dubitationesque idcirco quasdam mihi injecerat num ambo revera eandem plantain ante oculos habueri-
mus, quas tamen nuper abstulit specimen ab ipso ad Mertensium missum meisque omnino conveniens. Accesserat
etiam tertia dubitandi causa, quod, dum ille talia tarn manifesta praetermittit, describit depingitque Jocellos per
frondis superficiem sparsos, quales nostris in exemplaribus prorsus desunt. Hos vero e casu ortos, et ex insecti
cujusdam marini punctura pendere suspicor ; vidi enim similes in quibusdam diversorum Fucorum individuis, dum in
aliis ejusdem speciei frustra eorum vestigia quaesivi. Magnitudine, habitu, crescendique modo, F. obtusatus cum F.
disticho, sicut animadverterat Labillardierus, consentitf hujusque instar interdum, nequaquam vero semper, frondem
apices versus ostendit medio aliquantum incrassatam, quasi costa obsoleta percursam. Fructu tamen toto caelo dis-
crepant hae duae species, ut dubitationi nullus detur locus quin postea in diversa relegandae sint genera. Quod ad
fructificationem attinet, F. obtusatus maxime refert jF. crispi congeneres, inter quos dantur aliqui nondum descripti
a quibus forma non ita longe abludit. Frondis apices obtusi leniter rotundati, segmentaque superiora aliquantum
falcata, unde stirpi facies quodammodo flabelliformis, efficiunt ut ha?c species habitu, ut aiunt, general! affinitatem
quandam cum Zonariis, caeteroquin dissimillimis, primo aspectu prodat.

a. F. obtusatus, magn. nat.

b. frondis apex, magn. auct. - - - 6.

c. ramus cum tuberculo horizontalithr dissectus 5.

d. ejusdem pars, tuberculo jam disrupto - 4.

e. semina - - - - - - 1.

t ramus horizontaliter dissectus - - 1.

* Apices lineato-granulatos in charactare specifico dicit Labillardierus : sed nihil ego tale in exemplaribus meis aut in specimiue ab ipso ad
Mertensium misso detegere potui: e contrario, quamvis a reliqua stirpe colore discrepant, ut extrinsecus visa aliquid sui proprium iucludere
suspiceris, intus sunt omnino similia.

t Eadem propemodum est facies, sicut plurimis botanicis est notum, in Polytricho communi, ubi annuli annua plantae incrementa denotanh

t Dicit ille de his, " Ocelli minimi, atri, sparsi, numerosi aut nulli."

Vol. III.

E

26

145.— F UCUS OBTUSATUS.

Fucus obtusatus, frond cartilaginous, between compressed and flat, nerveless, linear, dichotomous, crenulated at •
its margins, at its apices obtuse, slightly rounded, and bordered by a thin blackish edge : tubercles hemisphe-
rical, lateral, sessile, scattered.

Fucus obtusatus. Labill. PL Nov. Holl. II. p. 111. t. 255.

At Van Diemen's Land, near New Holland. Labillardiere.
Perennial. n

Root, orbicular, half an inch in diameter, thin, blackish, callous.

Fronds, numerous from the same base, flat, destitute of midrib or veins, a foot or more long, and preserving
from base to apices an equal width of two lines, forked at a short distance from the root, and afterwards ten or twelve
times dichotomous, at uncertain intervals of about an inch each ; the segments are nearly of equal height, between
erect and patent, but the upper ones occasionally slightly recurved ; the margins are everywhere minutely crenulated,
though so irregularly, that they have rather the appearance of being accidentally erose ; the apices are constantly ob-
tuse, between rounded and truncate, and tipped with a narrow, blackish, somewhat swollen * margin, which makes
them look as if they had been scorched : — all over the frond, but particularly towards the extremities, the branches are
here and there suddenly contracted, and the part immediately above such contractions is very narrow at its origin, but
gradually expands to the common width of the plant : this gives the frond a *f catenated, or proliferous appearance,
which is very striking in some specimens, though wholly wanting in others : it is in all probability analogous to the
annuli of .F. lumbricalis or F. Cabrera, and imputable to the same cause, the branches being broken, and pushing
out new shoots from the centre of the apices.

Fructification, hemispherical, blackish tubercles, somewhat smaller than turnip-seed, sessile upon the margins
of the frond, especially towards the apices, scattered, solitary, but often opposite, not perforated by any pore, con-
taining under a very thick epidermis a mass of exceedingly minute, spherical, pale-brown seeds.

Color, rich chesnut-brown, with a tinge of crimson, so dark that it appears almost black, destitute of gloss,
paler near the extremities, and, if long kept in fresh water, turning there to a dirty yellowish.

Substance, cartilaginous, thickish, flexible, very tough.

Obs. Habit straight : — Sertularia cirrosa, and another species of Sertularia near S. Filicula, but at present, I
believe, undescribed, are found growing upon this Fucus : — in diying it does not adhere to paper.

For the specimen of F. obtusatus, figured in the present plate, I am indebted to the friendship of Mr. Brown,
who gathered this plant at Port Dalrymple, in Van Diemen's Land, at the southern extremity of New Holland, the
same place in which it had previously been found by M. Labillardiere. This latter writer, both in his description
and figure, passes wholly unnoticed the crenulated margins, as well as the proliferous appearance of the frond, w hich
are so striking in all Mr. Brown's specimens, that 1 should almost have been tempted to have regarded the two plants
as distinct, had I not, through the kindness of Professor Mertens, lately received a specimen, communicated to him
by M. Labillardiere himself, which puts an end to all doubts upon the subject. At the same time that he omits
to mention these two points, he particularly notices and figures scattered punctures ali over the surface, of which
I have never seen any symptoms. These, however, I am inclined to suspect are merely accidental, and probably
arise from the puncture of some marine insect, since I have occasionally met with perforations of, apparently, a
similar nature in individuals of other species, in which they were far from constant. In size, habit, and mode of
growth, F. obtusatus bears a considerable resemblance to F. distichus, as observed by Labillardiere, like which it is
also near some, but not all, of its apices slightly thickened in the centre, so as to wear the appearance of having
an obsolete midrib. These two species, however, differ as widely as possible in their fruit ; so that they must neces-
sarily hereafter be placed in different genera. In this latter respect .F. obtusatus approaches to the congeners of F.
crispus, and bears considerable affinity to some of these not yet described. In its blunt, slightly rounded apices, and
recurved upper segments, giving the whole frond a fan-like form, it shows a resemblance in appearance^ which would
scarcely be expected from its nature and fruit, to some of the Zonarice, especially to a nondescript species lately
received from New Holland.

a. jF. obtusatus, natural size.

b. apex of the frond, magnified - - 6.

c. horizontal section of a branch and tubercle 5.

d. part of the same ; tubercle bursting - 4.

e. seeds - - - - - - 1.

f. horizontal section of a branch - - 1.

* Mr. Labillardiere, in his description of this plant, says, that the apices are terminated with a granulated margin, and in his specific cha-
racter, he calls them lineato-granulatos ; but I must own that I never could see any thing to warrant such epithets, either in my own speci-
mens, or in one communicated by him to Prof ssor Mertens. On the contrary, though their external appearance and color naturally leads to
the suspicion that they essentially differ from the rest of the frond, yet their internal structure exactly accords with it.

t A familiar instance of the same mode of growth is afforded by Polytrichum commune, in which the growth of every separate year is market!
by similar annuli.

146. — F UGUS AXILLARIS.

27

Fucus, caule coriaceo, compresso, lineari, ramoso ; ramis cartilagineis, planis, enervibus, linearibus, pinnatifidis ;

segmentis erecto-patulis alteniis, simplicibus, integerrimis : receptaculis cylindraceis, torulosis, breviter pedun-

culatis, ramulorum ad latera juxta alas sitis.
Fucus axillaris. Brown, MS.

8. scorteus; fronde unguem fere lata, crassa, nervo obsoleto costata.
F. scorteus. Mertens, MS.

Habitat apud Portum Dalrymple in Nova Hollandia. D. Brozvn.

Perennis.

Radix a me nunquam visa.

Frons instructa caule pedali, bipedali, et ultra, compresso, ancipite, latitudinem unius circiter lineae ubique sequa-
lem a basi ad apices servante, vage diviso, ramis utrinque obsito ; rami caulis e marginibus absque norma, orti, spatiis
nunc tri- quadri- linearibus nunc totidem pollicum distincti, longitudinis quoque quam diversissimae, ut hi pedem illi
vix pollicem exuperent, omnes ortu caulem referentes, illiusque instar compressi, mox, quamprimum ad perbrevem in
brevissimis ad longiusculam in elongatis altitudinem attigerunt, se sensim in latitudinem duplo majorem explanantes,
qualem, jam plani facti, ad apices usque servant ; nervo venisque omnino carent ; per totam longitudinem pinnatihdi
conspiciuntur, segmentis alternis, erecto-patulis, semiunguiculari fere inter utrumque intervallo, pollicem unura alter-
umve longis, simplicibus, integerrimis, apice leniter attenuate rotundatis.

Fructificatio receptacula lutescenti-fusca, teretia, duas lineas longa, penna passerina multilm tenuiora, seg-
mentorum pinnatifidorum ad margines juxta alas sita, nunquam nisi interius horum latus occupantia, approximata,
singula pedunculo minutissimo fulta, extrinsecus ubique torulosa ut submoniliformia appareant, porisque pertusa, sub
quibus latent tubercula innata, sphaerica, semina includentia aliquot enormiter pyriformia intense fusca limbo lato
pellucido cincta, una cum fibris plurimis simplicibus articulatis albis.

Color caulis intense badius ut propemodiim nigrescat, ramorum longe dilutior et subdiaphanus.

Substantia in caule coriacea, in ramis cartilaginea et crassiuscula, ubique lenta atque tenax.

Var. (3, quam Novae Hollandiae ad littora detexit cl. Labillardierus, qui cum Mertensio communicavit, tantum ab »
discrepat per frondem latam substantiamque crassiorem propemodiim coriaceam ut speciem distinctam simulet.
Nulla quae magnitudine inter hanc et « ambigerent exemplaria hactenus vidi.

Obs. Planta insigniter laevis, nitons tamen expers : — exsiccata chartae nequaquam adhaeret: — ramorum in parte
plana, basin versus, costae angusta? incrassatae non rar6 cernuntur vestigia, quae tamen haud, ut in plurimis aliis Fucis,
medium percurrit, sed latus hoc illudve occupat : — haec costa in var. /3 maxime manifesta : — receptacula per pedun-
culos tenuissimos frondi affixa cit6 decidunt, et pedunculorum diffractorum reliquiae denticulos referunt.

Licet hie idem repetere quod jam sub F. dorycarpo praedicatur, neminem botanicum, e facie mod6 externa judi-
cantem, jF. natantis vel F. vesiculosi familiis hanc illamve stirpem relaturum ; quod tamen ut faciamus jubere videtur
fructus vera indoles, in his omnibus eadem, qua summopere est in generibus stabiliendis nitendum. F. axillaris re-
ceptacula forma, atque structure conveniunt cum iis F. ericoidis F.jibrosi et congenerum, quibus a plantis haec nostra
caeteroquin est dissimillima, neque facile reperiemus aliam quamlibet his illisque communem notam. Receptacula
ver6, nequaquam, sicut in illis, quamprimum suas partes peregerunt, in ramos immutantur, sed, contra, effoeta mani-
feste decidunt ; unde fit ut, quod supra memoratur, ramorum margines scabriusculi atque inaequales saepius occurrant.
Colore, forma, habituque generali, intercedit talis inter jF. axillarem et F. dentatum affinitas, qualis verisimillimie
efficeret ut juxta se collocaret hos duos Fucos quicunque botanicus steriles modo viderat, aut quicunque, vera utriusque
fructus indole neglecta, illius putaret receptacula tam re quam facie similia hujus capsularum lanceolatarum. De-
scriptio et icon, quibus F. suum gladiatum illustravit Labillardierus, semel iterumque dubitationem mihi injecerunt
annon revera ante oculos habuerit F. axillaris exemplar muticum aut imperfectum. De hoc quoque scrupuli mihi
etiamnum restant, sed non sum idcirc6 ausus F. gladiatum pro F. axillaris synonymo citare, nedum utramque plantam
praedicare eandem, et suum nomen huic nostra? indere.

a. F. axillaris, magn. nat.

b. rami pars, magn. auct. - - - - 0*.

c. receptacu/um horizontaliter dissectum - - 4,

d. semina et fibres - - - - - 1.

e. var. 0 frustulum, magn. nat.

28

146. — F UCUS AXILLARIS.

Fucus axillaris, stem coriaceous, compressed, linear, branched ; branches cartilaginous, flat, nerveless, linear, pin=
natifid, with simple, alternate, erecto-patent segments : receptacles cylindrical, torulose, standing on short pe-
duncles along the edges of the ramuli near the axillae.

Fucus axillaris. Brown, MS.

8. scorteus; frond nearly half an inch wide, thick, having an obsolete midrib.
F. scorteus. Mertens, MS.

At Port Dalrymple, in New Holland. Mr. Brown.

Perennial.

Root, I have not yet seen.

Frond, furnished with a stem from one to two feet Or more in length, compressed, two-edged, preserving from
base to summit an every where equal width of about a line, irregularly divided, and on both sides beset with branches :
branches arising without order from the margins of the stem/ separated by intervals of not more than three or four
lines in some instances, but in others of as many inches, extremely variable likewise in their length, so that some
extend to a foot, others to not more than an inch, all of them at their origin similar to the stem, and, like that, com-
pressed, but soon becoming flat, and expanding to a width twice as great as they had at first, after which they con-
tinue linear to their extremities ; they are entirely destitute of midrib and veins ; throughout their whole length they
are pinnatifid with alternate segments, between erect and patent, standing about a quarter of an inch from each other,
one or two inches long, simple, entire at their margins, slightly attenuated, and rounded at their apices.

Fructification, receptacles of a yellowish brown color, cylindrical, two lines long, much more thin than a spar-
row's quill, placed along the margins of the pinnatifid segments, near their axilla?, constantly upon the interior side,
standing close to each other, each supported on an extremely minute peduncle, externally torulose all over, so as to
appear almost moniliform, and perforated with fine pores, under which lie imbedded spherical tubercles, containing
a few, irregularly pyriform, dark-brown seeds, surrounded by a pellucid limbus, together with numerous, white,
jointed, simple fibres.

Color, a rich chesnut-browu, so deep in the stem as to appear almost black, much paler and semitransparent in
the branches.

Substance, of the stem coriaceous, of the branches cartilaginous and thickish, every where flexible and tough.

The variety £, which was found on the coast of New Holland, by M. Labillardiere, and by him communicated
to Professor Mertens, differs so much in its wider frond and thicker substance, that it looks like a distinct species.
1 have seen no intermediate specimens between it and a..

Obs. The whole plant is remarkably smooth, though devoid of gloss : — in drying it does not adhere to paper : —
in the flat part of the branches, towards their base, are not uncommonly observable traces of a narrow, thickened
midrib, which, however, does not, as in most other Fuci, run through the middle of them, but is confined to one or
the other side : — this is by far most conspicuous in the var. /3 : — the receptacles, being attached to the frond only
by very thin peduncles, easily fall off, and the remains of the broken peduncles look like small teeth.

It may be said of the Fucus represented in the present plate, with the same propriety as of F. dorycarpus, that no
botanist, judging from external appearance, would think of arranging it among the affinities of F. natans and F. vesicu-
losa, with which, nevertheless, the internal structure of the fruit sufficiently clearly proves that both the one and the
other must hereafter be classed. The receptacles of F. axillaris are similar, both in form and structure, to those of
F. ericoides, F.jibrosus, and their congeners, from all which plants the present is in other respects so widely different,
that it would be difficult to adduce another point of resemblance between them ; and the fruit does not, as in those
species, turn into new branches when its office of perfecting the seeds is accomplished, but very evidently falls off,
leaving, as above mentioned, the margins of the branches uneven. In color, and general form, and habit, F. axillaris
approaches much more closely to F. dent at us, near which it would probably be placed by any botanist who had seen
it only in a barren state, or who, neglecting to investigate the real nature of the receptacles, might pronounce them,
on a cursory view, similar to the lanceolate pods of that species. I have more than once been led to doubt, from
Labillardiere's figure and description of his -F. gladiatus, -whether they might not in reality have been taken from a
mutilated specimen of F. axillaris, nor am I now able to satisfy myself if such be not the case, though it appears to
me most probable that it is not so, on which account I have not ventured upon adopting his name, nor even upon
referring to his plant.

a. F. axillaris, natural size.

b. part of a branch, magnified - - -6.

c. horizontal section of a receptacle - - 4.

d. seed and fibres - - - - - 1 .

e. piece of var. fi, natural size.

147. — F UCUS yERUGINOSUS.

Fucus, fronde membranacea, plana, enervi, lineari, subdichotoma, margine ligulis homogeneis horizontalibus sim-
pliciusculis ubique prolifera : tuberculis hemisphaericis, mammillosis, sparsis, in superficie utraque sessilibus.

(2. nudiusculus ; frondis marginibus plerumque denudatis.

y. lichenoides ; frondis apicibus leniter attenuates, acutiusculis.

F. lichenoides. Esper, Ic. Fuc. I. p. 102. t. 50. (exclusis syuonymis omnibus.)

Habitant omnes varietates in Mari Rubro. Vicecomes de Valentia. — a. prope Olyssiponem. D. Teede.
Annua ?

Radix callus perpusillus, discoideus.

Frons plana, nervi venarumque prorsus expers, longitudine tri- quadri- pollicari, latitudine circiter bilineari et
ubique aequali, ipso ab ortu ramosissima, ramis, ut plurimum, dichotomis, segmentis erecto-patulis, interdum alternis
patentibus, apices bitidi furcis patentibus leniter attenuati obtusi, margines integerrimi, ubique tamen obsiti, ut sub-
pinnati videantur, ligulis horizontalibus, sparsis, homogeneis, nunc approximatis, nunc remotiusculis, ortu angustis
subulatis et cilia referentibus, mox oblongis ejusdemque fere cum ramis primaries latitudinis, semper tamen basi
attenuatis, sub-unguicularibus, sed ssepe longioribus, seque in novos ramos iterum sub-pinnatos iterumque dichoto-
mos mutantibus.

Fructificatio tubercula hemisphasrica, aut demiim mammillosa, papaveris seminum magnitudine, sessilia, ubi-
que per ramos sparsa, satis copiosa, utrique eorum paginae imposita, quandoque etiam in ligulis marginalibus obvia,
intensions quam reliqua frons colons, intus foventia congeriem seminum minutissimorum enormiter oblongorum
rubicundorum.

Color amcene glaucus, sub-diaphanus, soli diu exposita aut in aqua dulci servata sordide albescens.
Substantia caitilagineo-membranacea, tenuis. .

Var. j3 ligulis marginalibus maxima ex parte caret, colorisque est longe quam a. intensions, et fusco vel purpuras-
cente tincti ; crescendi quoque modus huic magis ex ordine dichotomus, ramis strictis erectis ; unde facies ab a, ab-
ludens, et ill! Ulvce dichotomy non absimilis.

Frondem habet var. y dimidio angustiorem quam qua? in varietatibas prsecedeotibus conspicitur ; ligula3 quoque
marginales sunt patentes, nec horizontales, magis quam in 0, sed minus quam in a. frequenles : color, teste Espero,
albus, quod tamen fortuitum suspicor.

Obs. Per desiccationem chartae nequaquam adhaaret.

Si quis botanicus nullum unquam F. (eruginosi exemplar prater illud in hac tabula depictum viderit, vix ille possi-
ble credet, plantam ullo aetatis suae stadio vel ullis casibus objectam ita immutari, ut, quern ab Espero accepit,
F. lickenoidis titulum bene mereat. Quantumvis aut^n hoc mirum videtur, res ita se certe habet cum varietate in
Fucorum lconibus delineata, cujus specimina, ab ipso auctore benevole missa, cum nostris collata, discrimen obtule-
runt nullum, quod ad duas species constituendas sufficeret. Primo tamen aspectu multum discrepant, et Esperi stirps
per frondis angustse peripheriam atque habitum, non minus quam per colorem albicantem, se Pkusciis Acharianis,
prassertim autem Licheni prunastri simillimam praestat. Colorem hunc e casu verisimiliter pendeie, exemplaribus
diutius aequo soli expositis, jam supra monui ; eoque magis in hanc sententiam propendeo, quia talis est substantia
qualis in stirpe insolata. quasreretur, et quia tubercula colorem lutescentem faciemque quasi corneam induerunt.
Esperi specimina non omnibus suis numeris atque partibus iconi respondent ; utpote qui ramos habent nequaquam in
acumen longum productos, quamvis certe attenuatos et acutiusculos. In illis quae juxta Olyssiponem legit b. Teede
individuis, tubercula sunt longe majora quern in nostris Esperianisve, et Brassiae Rapas seminibus magnitudine vix
cedunt, quare cl. Mertensius, a quo accepi, F. macrocarpum dixerat; sed caetera, quantum video, similia. Plurima
F. aruginosi exemplaria, ab ipso in Mari Rubro lecta, servantur in nob. Vicecomitis de Valentia herbario ; quae
cuncta mole atque forma, plurimum ludunt, tingunturque colore non minus variabili, in his, et quidem in plurimis,
glauco, in illis prasino, in aliis fusco, sive purpurascente. Multa ex his Zostercc alicujus stipitibus parasitic*: innas-
cuntur. Inter jF. ecruginosum et F. crispum affinitas quaedam manifest^ interest, sed statim dignoscitur haec nostra
stirps ab omnibus Proteos illius marini varietatibus per substantiam teneram atque tenuem, ut alia taceam. Forma
quoque accedunt aliquas F. aruginosi varietates ad F. corneum vel F.filicinum, sed magis adhuc ad Ulvas quasdam
membranaceas, cum quibus ne sterilis commisceatur est cavendum.

a. jP. arugino&us, magn. nat.

b. ramus.

c. ejusdem pars, magn. auct. - - - - 6.

d. tuberculum dissectum - - - - 4,

e. semina - - 1„

30

147. — F UCUS vERUGINOSUS.

Fucus amginosus, frond membranaceous, flat, nerveless, linear, sub-dichotomous, beset every where at its margin
with strap-shaped, horizontal, mostly simple processes ; tubercles hemispherical, scattered, sessile on both sides
of the frond.

nudiusculus ; margins of the frond mostly naked.
7. lichenoides ; apices of the frond slightly attenuated and rather acute.

F. lichenoides. Esper, Ic. Fuc. I. p. 102. t. 50. (exclusis synonymis omnibus.)

All the varieties are found in the Red Sea. Lord Valentia. — a. near Lisbon. Mr. Teede.

Annual'?

Root, a very small, callous disk.

Frond, flat, entirely destitute of veins or midrib, three or four inches long, and preserving every where a nearly
equal width of about two lines, much and irregularly branched from the very base ; branches mostly dichotomous
with segments between erect and patent, sometimes themselves disposed in an alternate and patent direction, their
apices bifid with slightly attenuated, obtuse, patent segments, their margins quite entire, but beset all over, so as to
appear almost pinnated, with horizontal, scattered, strap-shaped processes of the same nature and substance as them-
selves, sometimes placed close together, in other cases rather remote, narrow, subulate, and resembling cilia in their
earliest state, but afterwards taking an oblong shape, and attaining to nearly the same width as the primary shoots,
yet constantly preserving their narrow bases ; the common length of these is about half an inch, though they some-
times attain to much more, and change into new branches, which are again sub-pinnated, and again dichotomous.

Fructification, tubercles of an hemispherical shape, but mammillose at maturity, as large as poppy-seed,
sessile, plentifully scattered all over the branches, lying upon the surface on both sides, sometimes also found upon the
marginal ligulae, of a darker color than the rest of the frond, containing a mass of extremely minute, reddish, irregu-
larly oblong seeds.

Color, a pleasant, glaucous green, semitransparent, turning, from exposure to the sun, or from being long kept
in fresh water, to a dirty whitish.

Substance, between cartilaginous and membranaceous, thin.

The variety $ almost wholly wants the marginal processes, and is of a much darker color than , and tinged with
purplish or brown ; the mode of growth, too, is more regularly dichotomous, with straight, erect branches, which
gives the plant an appearance unlike that of the more common variety, and approaching to Viva dichotoma.

In y the frond is not above half the width of the two preceding varieties; the marginal processes are patent, not
horizontal, and are more numerous than in the one, but less so than in the other; the apices are attenuated and rather
acute : and, according to Dr. Esper, the color is white, but this I suspect to be accidental.

Oes. In drying it does not adhere to paper.

The specimen of this Fucus here represented would scarcely lead to the supposition that it was possible for the
plant in any stage of its growth, or under any change of its form, to deserve the name of F. lichenoides, given it by
Professor Esper ; and yet such is certainly the case in a striking degree with the variety figured in his work, which,
on account of its more narrow frond, its general outline, and its dead-white color, bears a strong resemblance to
Lichen prunastri. I have above stated my opinion, that this color is merely accidental, arising from the specimens
having been bleached in the sun, and I am strengthened in this conjecture from the substance being such as might be
expected under similar circumstances, and from the tubercles being of a pale, horny yellow. Dr. Esper has been so
good as to favor me with specimens of his plant, by which I know it to be the same as mine. They do not, how-
ever, altogether accord with his figure, not being by any means acuminated at the apices, though certainly attenuated
there, and somewhat acute. In the individuals found near Lisbon, by Teede, for which I am indebted to Professor
Mertens, the tubercles are twice as large as I had previously seen them, and nearly equal in size to turnip-seed, on
which account my friend had given it the name of F. macrocarpus, but I can find in it no other difference. Lord
Valentia's collection contains many specimens of jF. aruginosus gathered by himself in the Red Sea, extremely irre-
gular in point of size, outline, and color, in which latter respect they vary from a glaucous green, which is most
common, to a grass-green, or to brown or purplish, but none of these varieties appeared to me sufficiently striking or
permanent to require particular notice, excepting those above mentioned. Many of the specimens are parasitical
upon the stems of some species of Zostera. F. aruginosus is evidently allied to F. crispus, but is sufficiently dis-
tinguishable, even at first sight, from all the varieties of that marine Proteus by its thin and tender substance. It also
discovers in some individuals an approach, that would scarcely be expected to *F. coiiteus, and F.jilicinus, but is
most likely to be overlooked in a barren state for some of the membranaceous Viva.

• a. F. aruginosus, natural size.

b. small branch.

c. part of the same, magnified

d. section of a tubercle

e. seeds -

- 6.

- 4.

- 1.

* There is in Lord Valentia's collection a specimen almost exactly intermediate between F. ai-ugbiosus and F. corneits.

148.— FUCUS WRIGHT 1 1.

31

Fucus, fronde cartilaginea, carnosa, hinc longitudinaliter canaliculata, illinc convexa, lineari, dichotoma ; apicibus
t patenti-divaricatis, sub-incrassatis : tuberculis sphaericis, marginalibus, sparsis, brevissime pedunculatis, sa?pius
congestis.

Habitat in India? Occidentals oris. D. Wright. — In Mari Rubro. Vicecomes de Valentia.
Annua f

Radix nondum a me visa.

Frons tri- quadri- pollicaris, primo ortu teretiuscula, pennaeque corvinae crassitie, mox, quamprimum ad linearum
aliquot altitudinem attigit, compressa, eandemque formam latitudinemque circiter bilinearem ubique a?qualem ad
apices usque servans, ipsam fere ad basin furcata, atque exinde dichotomiis sexies vel septies repetitis, intervallo inter
singulas vix semiunguiculari, divisa, furcarum omnium anguli acuti, extremitatum modo exceptis, qui patenti-divari-
cati ; apices obtusi, leniter incrassati ; margines integerrimi ; frons ab ortu ad apices hinc longitudinaliter canaliculata,
alveo lato, parum profundo, oris tenuibus, extantibus, illinc convexiuscula.

Frtjctific atio in utraque ramorum pagina sita, e tuberculis constans sparsis, praecipue apices versus conspi-
ciendis, nequaquam frequentibus, sphasricis, Sinapios ai'vensis seminum magnitudine, his sessilibus, illis breviter pe-
dunculatis, ssepe pluribus in unum capitulum congestis, semina foventibus minutissima, enormiter oblonga, dilute
rosea.

Color, quis sit in recente prorsus nescio, violaceum suspicor, in iis quae ego vidi exemplaribus e fusco sordid^
viridis, purpurascente immixtus, cit6 evanidus, seque in albido-luteum mutans.
Substantia madefacta cartilaginea carnosa et tenax, exsiccates cornea.

Obs. Exsiccatione ad dimidiam fere magnitudinem se contrahit, formaque canaliculata prorsus deperdita, insig-
nittir rugosa apparet : chartaj nequaquam adhaeret.

Magna cum voluptate huic Fuco nomen indidi viri optimi, Gulielmi Wright, medici Edinensis, cum per Disserta-
tionem de Plantis Insula? Jamaica? Medicinalibus et per alia scripta edita jamdudum inter botanicos Celebris, turn per
multa in hoc opus collata beneficia de me optimi meriti. Hie primus, dum in Indiis Occidentalibus commoraretur,
hanc stirpem detexit, quam postea iisdem ex maribus benign^, pro more, ad me misit nob. Baro de Seaforth, et mox
in Mari Rubro legit Vicecomes de Valentia, copiose hie quidem, quatenus judicare licet e speciminum reportatorum
copia. Plantam tamen a nullo auctore memoratam invenio. Nota speciei maxime cuivis obvia in textura ponitur,
quae intvis visa illam Fucorum mollium pulposorumque refert, sed extrinsecus faciem quondam habet spongiosam,
quam praecipue per desiccationem induit, et turn quodammod6 ad F. tomentosum accedit. Ad speciem discrimi-
nandam frons canaliculata satis superque valet ; sunt enim perpauca? tantiim alia? simili modo coniictae, qua?, omnes
per discrimina nulli praetermittenda tyroni prima facie a F. Wrightii discrepant.

a. jF. Wrightii, magn. nat.

b. rami pars, cum tuberculo.

c. tuberculum dissectum, magn. auct. - - G.

d. semina (cum jibris't) - - - -3.

e. semina - - - - - - - I .

f. frons horizontaliter dissecta - - - 6.

g. frons longitudinaliter dissecta - - -6.

32

148.— F UCUS WRIGHTIL

Fucus Wrightii, frond cartilaginous, fleshy, longitudinally channelled on one side, on the other convex, linear, di*
chotomous, with apices slightly swollen, blunt, and between patent and divaricated : tubercles spherical, standing
on short peduncles, often clustered, scattered along the margins of the frond.

On the shores of the West Indies. Dr. Wright. — Red Sea. Lord Valentia.

Annual ?

Root, I have not yet seen.

Frond, three or four inches long, at its origin nearly cylindrical, and about as thick as a crow's quill, but as soon
as it has attained to the height of a few lines becoming compressed, and preserving afterwards to its extremities the
same form, and an uniform width of about two lines ; it is forked almost immediately adjoining the base, and then six
or seven times dichotomous, at intervals of scarcely three lines each, with acute angles, excepting those of the upper
segments, which are between patent and divaricated ; the apices are obtuse and slightly swollen ; the margins quite
entire ; the frond is from the base to the summit longitudinally grooved on one side with a wide shallow furrow,
bordered by thin, prominent edges, and on the other slightly convex.

Fructification, growing on both sides of the branches, generally near the apices of the frond, but far from
abundant, consisting of scattered spherical tubercles, of the size of mustard se ed, some sessile, others standing on short
peduncles, often several clustered together, containing a quantity of extremely minute, pale pink seeds, of an irregu-
larly oblong shape.

Color, in the fresh plant probably purplish, but in all the specimens that I have seen a dirty greenish brown, yet
preserving a slight purplish tinge, soon fading, and changing into a yellowish white.

Substance, cartilaginous, fleshy, and tough when moist, but horny after it has been dryed.

Obs. In drying it shrinks to little more than half its original size, wholly loses its channelled appearance, and looks
singularly wrinkled ; it does hot adhere in the least to paper.

I have had much pleasure in naming this Fucus after a very worthy man, to whom I am indebted for many con-
tributions towards the present work, and whose name has long been known among botanists by his dissertations upon
the medicinal plants of Jamaica. F. Wrightii, which was first discovered by him during his residence in that island,
has been since sent me from the same seas by the kindness of Lord Seaforth, and appears to be of far from unfre-
quent occurrence in the Red Sea also, as far as may be judged from the many specimens of it preserved in Lord
Valentia's collection. It seems, nevertheless, to have escaped the observation of all authors upon the subject. Its
most striking singularity is in its texture, which is internally like that of the more soft and pulpy species, but has,
when dry, a remarkably spongy appearance, so as in that state to approach in a measure to F. tomentosus. Its
channelled frond removes the probability of its being confounded with any other ; the few that are formed in a similar
manner, being sufficiently unlike in other more important particulars.

a. F. Wrightii, natural size.

b. part of a branch and tubercle.

c. section of a tubercle, magnified - - - 6.

d. seeds (and fibres? ) - - -. -3.

e. seeds - - - - - - 1.

f. horizontal section of the frond - - -6.

g. longitudinal section of the same ■ - - 6.

a

149.— FUCUS RAMENTACEUS.

33

Fucus, fronde membranacea, tubulosa, filiformi, simpliciuscula, ramulis horizontalibus tubulosis teretibus simpli-

cibus confertis undique obsita.
Fucus ramentaceus. Linn. Syst. Nat. II. p. 718. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II. p. 1387. Oeder, Enum.

Plant. Fl. Dan. p. 19-
Ulva sobolifera. Fl. Dan. t. 356. Oeder, Enum. Plant. Fl. Dan. p. 14.

tumidus ; fronde a basi angustissima superne incrassata, apice rotundato.

Habitat in Oceano Septentrionali. Linnaus.— Copiose in scopulis Oceani Islandici. Oeder. — Apud Reikia-
vik et ad Insulam Akarve, Islandiae. D. W. I. Hooker.

Annua '?

Radix callus perpusillus, discoideus, albicans.

Frondes ex eadem basi plurima?, viginti et ultra, singula? caule assurgentes unico, simplice, tubuloso, terete,
palmari et ultra, subfiliformi, basi tenuissimo, ut propemodum sit capillaceus, exinde sensim tumescente donee pennae
passerinae vel corvinae molem aequat, apices versus iterum paullum attenuato, atque ibi acutiusculo, indiviso, per totam
longitudinem undique obsito ramentis homogeneis, foliaceis, confertis, horizontalibus, flexuosis, tubulosis, caule duplo
angustioribus, utrinque acuminatis, unguem pollicemve longis, simplicibus, aut, quod rarius accidit, apice bifidis ;
caulis quoque aliquando, sed perrar6, bifurcus, aut etiam vage ramosus.

Fructificatio hactenus ignota.

Color aquose ruber, fusco tinctus, sub-diaphanus, exsiccata et rursus madefacta magis fuscescit.
Substantia membranacea, tenuis.

Varietas cujus unicum mod6 exemplar vidi, et quod forsan mer£ lusus est naturae, caule gaudet pedali, sensim
incrassato a basi ad apices, ubi pennae olorinae crassitiem superat et obtuse desinit ; ramentis paucis, iisque brevibus
et fere capillaceis est instructa.

Obs. Ramuli in primo aetatis gradufaciem insiguiter articulatam prae se ferunt, quam adulti perdunt: — stirps ex-
siccata chartae non adhaeret.

Fucis Ulvisne rectius associaretur haec pulchra Algae species in suspenso relinquatur necesse est quamdiu ejus fruc-
tificatio indetecta maneat. Ut verum quidem fatear, quatenus ex habitu atque afrinibus hariolari licet, Ulvam potius
a posteris habendam dicerem ; neque tamen hoc obstitit quin optimum duxerim, operis instituto obsequens, hie pro
Fuco, qualem putavit Linnaeus, recensere, praesertim cum gauderem quod sese mihi offerret facultas discutiendi dubi-
tationum nebulas quae jam diu hanc stirpem obnubilaverunt. Specimina hie depicta in herbario Linnaeano servantur,
in quo varietas /3 supra descripta eidem cui caetera chartae agglutinata adhaeret ; neque scrupulus mihi restat ullus quin
ad eandem revera speciem pertineat, quantumvis primo aspectu discrepare videatur, et, jam per desiccationem plana
facta, facie quasdam jF. ciliati varietates potius quam F. ramentaceum referat Unicum modo ejus extat exemplar,
et hujus fortasse forma, sicut supra annuitur, e casu quodam pendet. Ne suspicari quidem possum quid velit Lin-
naeus, * dicendo ramenta foliacea ex altera tantum caulis latere oriri, cum in suis ipsius exemplaribus utrinque pariter
copiosa reperiantur. Laesa haec facillime decidunt, substantiamque habent longe teneriorem magisque geiatinosa:: ,
quam caulis. Plurima de hoc Fuco in descriptione tradita Dni Hooker amicitiae debeo, qui aastate novissima ha:. ,
plantam copiose Islandiae ad littora legit, et -f adumbrationes quas haec tabula, ad litteras c, d, et e, exhibet, ibi ad
plantam recentem paravit. Exemplaria Linnaeana colorem suum pristinurn maxima ex parte mutaverant, atque
ramenta, pressurae graviori aequo subjecta, formam penitus deperdiderant teretem, in quam iterum madefacta uunquam
iterum sunt reversa. Hinc fit ut tabula nostra stirpem F.Jilicini quodammodo similem repra?sentare crederes, nulla
licet inter utramque, hanc planam, illam tubulosam, affinitas intersit.

a. F. ramentaceus, magn. nat.

b. frondis pars, magn. auct. - - - 0.

c. ramentum in prima atate, ad exemplar vivum

delineatum - - - - - 6.

d. idem horizontaliter dissectum - - - 3.

e. ejusdem pars - - - - - l.

f. var. @, magn. nat.

* " Stipites ab altero tantum latere raniCDtis foliaceis."— Sysl. NaL II. p. ?i8.

t Amicus hie meus suavissimus, cum jam tres menses in Islainlia sit commoratus, omnia, quffiCunque ad ejus liistoriam natuvalera pertinent, eo,
quo se semper insignem praestitit, summo labore summoque mentis acumine investigando, colligenclo. delineando, nihil fere aliquid praster has
tres adumbrationes secum redux attulit ; felix, ah nimium felix, quod ipse incolumis sit reversus, mortem crudelissimam auf'ugiens. Navis
emm in qno redibat, et siraul omnia quae collegerat, Danorum aliquot nautarum scelere incensa flainaiis perierunt :

" piget haec opprobria genti

,_ ~. ~r ~r " dici potuisse, et non potuisse refelli."

Vol. III. F

■34 149:-^F U CU S RAM ENTACEUS.

Fucus ramentaeeus, frond membranaceous, tubular, filiform, mostly undivided, beset on all sides with horizontal,

tubular, cylindrical, clustered ramuli.
Fucus ramentaeeus. Linn. Syst. Nat. II. p. 718. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II. p. 1387. Oeder Enum

Plant. FL Dan. p. 19-
Ulva sobolifera. FL Dan. t. 356. Oeder, Enum. Plant. Fl. Dan. p. 14.
jS. tumidus ; frond filiform at its base, but gradually enlarging upwards, and rounded at its apex.

In the northern ocean. Li?mmis. — Plentifully upon the rocks of the sea near Iceland. Oeder.— At Reikiavik,
and the Island of Akarve, by Iceland Mr. W. I. Hooker.

Annual'?

Root, a very small, whitish, callous disk.

Fronds, twenty or more from the same base/ each rising with a single, simple, tubular, cylindrical stem, three
or four inches in height, so thin at its base as to be almost capillary, but thence gradually swelling, till it attains to
the size of a sparrow's or a crow's quill, which it preserves till towards the apex it again decreases, and ends in a
sharpish point ; it is mostly undivided, but sometimes, though rarely, forked, or even once or twice irregularly
branched; throughout its whole length it is on all sides beset with foliaceous processes, like itself, but smaller, clus-
tered, horizontal, flexuose, tubular, attenuated at both ends, twice as narrow as the stem, and not more than half an
inch, or an inch, long, almost always simple, though occasionally bifid.

Fructification, at present unknown.

Color, pale red, with a slight brownish tinge, semitransparent, becoming more brown from being wetted and
again dried.

Substance, membranaceous, thin.

The variety Q, of which I have hitherto seen only a single specimen, and which is probably a mere lusus natura?,
has a stem a foot long, and gradually swelling from the base to the apex, where it is thicker than a swan's quill, and
rounded at the point ; it has very few foliaceous processes, and those few short, and merely capillary.

Obs. The ramuli have in their earliest stage of growth a strikingly jointed appearance, which they lose as they ad-
vance : the plant in drying does not adhere to paper.

The fructification of this beautiful Alga not being at present known, it is impossible to determine with certainty
whether it belongs most properly to the Fuci or the Ulva?. To judge from its habit and natural affinities, I should
conceive it most probable that it will hereafter be classed among the latter, though at present I have thought it best
to follow Linnaeus, and leave it with the Fuci, especially as I was glad of an opportunity of figuring a plant, which
appears to be hitherto very imperfectly understood among botanists. The specimens here represented are from
the Linnaean herbarium, where the variety /3 is upon the same paper as the others, nor can I doubt of their identity,
though at first sight they appear different, and this latter, pressed flat by drying, seems rather to approach some va-
rieties of F. ciliatus. It probably merely originated in accident, as there is only a single frond of it. What Linnaeus
designed in the Systema Natures, by saying that F. ramentaeeus is on * one side only provided with the foliaceous
ramenta, I am altogether at a loss to guess. They seem, even upon his own specimens, to be equally abundant on
both sides of the frond, unless it is injured ; but they fall off very easily, and are of a more tender and gelatinous
texture than the stem. I am indebted for many of the particulars above-mentioned respecting this Fucus to my
friend, Mr. Hooker, who gathered it last summer in great abundance during his stay in Iceland, where he made from
recent plants the -f sketches represented at c, d, and e. The Linnaean specimens had in great measure lost their color,
and the ramenta had been so pressed that they would not again recover their cylindrical form, on which account th©
figure bears a degree of resemblance which has no existence in nature to the subject of the following plate,

a. F. ramentaeeus, natural size.

b. part of the frond, magnified - - - 6.

c. ramentum, in a young state, drawn from a

fresh plant - - - - - 6.

d. horizontal section of the same - - -3.

e. part of the same - - - - - 1.

f. variety @, natural size.

* " Stipites ab altero tantum latere ramentis foliaceis." — Syst. Nat. II. p. 718. . . , .

t These sketches are nearly the whole of what my most valuable friend has preserved after a residence of three months in that isianu,
daring which time he was incessantly engaged in collecting, drawing, and describing the natural productions of that most wonderful or coun-
tries. His entire collection and manuscripts were destroyed on his way home, by the villainy of some Danish sailors, who set toe to tne snip
in which he was returning, and he himself escaped with difficulty with his life.

r.E.Kxqr del*

lAWi U:ClinSI IF I LIC IN UcSLi

..:JFucw,'fr<Me cartilagihea,' sub-gelatinosa, plana, ' enervi, lineari, simpliciuscula, ramulis distichis hori2ontalibus
sparsis planis linoaribus simpliciusculis utrinque obsita.
Fucus Jilicinus. Wblfen, in Jacq. Coll. III. p. 157. t. 15. f. 2. Wulfen, Crypt. Aquat. n. 31. Esper,

Ic. Fuc. I. p. J 34. t. 67. Linn. -Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II. p. 1388. .
Habitat iii Mari Adriatico, cor.poribus submarinis accrescens. Wulfen. — A Capite Bonae Spei accepit Mer-
tensius. — E Mari Indico. Banksius.

Perennis ?

Radix callus explanatus, orbicularis, frondi Coiicoloi*.

Frondes ex eadem basi plurima?, singula? caule assurgentes unico, sex octo pollices longo, flexuoso, ortu tereti-
usculo pennaque passerina vix crassiore, mox, quamprimum ad linearum aliquot altitudinem attigit, compresso, atque
exinde latitudinem fere- eandem unius circiter linea? ubique servans, donee ad apices appropinquans rursus attenuatur,
et, sicut inceperat, acutiusculus desinit ; caulis in his indivisus, in illis semel iterumve dichotomus ; in omnibus a basi
ad apicera utrinque obsitus ramulis, (pinnas vel folia si mavis dicas) homogeneis, distichis, horizontalibus, sparsis,
nunc approximatis, nunc remotiusculis, interdum et hie illic fasciculatis, nec raro frondis apices versus omnino deficit
entibus, basi et apice attenuatis teretiusculisque, caateroquin compressis, inferioribus atque summis plerumque brevis-
simis et circiter tres lineas longis, mediis duplo longioribus, cunctis indivisis et saapius simplicibus, sed aliquando pin-
natis aliis longe minoribus simili ratione dispositis, interdum etiam unus et alter clongatus in novum ramum immutatur.

Fetjctificatio nulla hactenus nota. j

Color, variabilis ; namque, ut Wulfenii verbis utar, " ludit elegantissima in eodem specimine colorum mixtura.
Partes ejus aliquas dilute virentes videas, et transparentes, dum earum alia? nitidissima se commendan^ purpura hya-
cinthina, et ipsaa illustres ; ha? e rubro magis nigrescunt magisve, atro-rubentes denique; ilia? jam quanta? sunt atrae,
Eon nisi luci obversa?, hyacinthino colorata? rubore inveniuntur. JEtatis dicerem effectum, nisi mutuo in se emoi i
colores hosce viderem." V

Substantia cartilaginea, non sine lubricitate aliqua, tenera, mollis.

Obs. Stirps insigniter glabra et nitida : — habitus flexuosus; in ramulis quodammOdo tortiiis :— exsiccata chartae
adha?ret.

Primus hunc Fucum in mari Adriatico detexit, ej usque *descriptione atque icone accuratissima in Jacquini Col-
lectaheis edita, pro nova specie statuit cl. Wulfenius, qui F.filicinum quoque nomen imposuit, ductum a similitudine
qua? inter frondis peripheriam ejusque quarundam filicum specierum interest. Utinam sane quam in aniino habuit
fllicem dixerat, ipse enim nescio, neque tamen dubito, probe sciens quantum hie in nominibus selegendis praestat,
quin hie etiam titulus, reliquorum suorum instar, planta? optime conveniat. Foniia crescendique modo F. Jilicinus
inter Algas elegantiores recenseri meretur, figura tamen vix minus quam colore ludit, mira enim in individuis variis
extat discrepantia, cum ramulos in hoc longos, in illo breves, in hoc copiosas, in illo infrequentes, nondem in uno
divisam, in altero iutegram, et nunc semel, nunc bi- tri- pinnatam, reperias. Nihil hactenus de fructiricatione euo-
tescit, neque qualis haec demum reperietur facile conjiceret aliquis. Viscida frondis textura prohibere videtur quo-
minus fructum F. cornei similem expectes, quamvis ha? dua? species facie insigniter conveniant. Eo quidem usque
conveniunt ut se dubitare profitetur Wulfenius annon pro F.jilicini synonymo citare debuisset F. spinosum Gmelini,
qui, sicut satis est inter botanicos notum, nihil est aliud nisi F. cornei varietas. Singulare id quidem quod alii ejusdem
varietate, ab hac tamen diversissima?, F.jilicini nomen indiderit Hudsonus. Dignoscitur F. Jilicinus ab omnibus J^.
cornei, quantumvis mutabilis, varietatibus per substantiam dissimilem per frondem minus ex ordine pinnatam, et per
crescendi modum semper plusve minusve tortilem. Ab F.Jlaccido, qui forsan magis est natura affinis, differt colore,
fronde minus ramosa, ramulis enormiter dispositis, et nunquam iterum pinnatis donee in longitudinem unguicularem et
ultra excreverunt, denique partium omnium mole majore.

a. F. Jilicinus, magn. hat.

* Tnest, ut vei um fatear, in hac desciiptione unicum qnod won bene eapio, quod cmdem hntC Paco tribuat hrevem, coriacenm, iercliusculum,
utropurpuntscentem. . ' •

36 150.— FUCUS FILICINUS.

Fucus filicinus, frond cartilaginous, sub-gelatinous, flat, nerveless, linear, mostly simple, beset on both sides with

distichous, horizontal, scattered, flat, linear, mostly simple ramuli.
Fucus Ji/icinus. Wulfen, Jacqu. Coll. III. p. 157. t. 15. f. 2. Wulfen, Crypt. Jquat. n. 31. Esper,

Ic. Fuc. I. p. 134. t. 67. Linn. Syst. IS at. Ed. Gmel. II. p. 1388.

In the Adriatic, growing upon different submarine substances. Wulfen. — Sent from the Cape of Good Hope to
Professor Mertens, and from the Indian Ocean to Sir Joseph Banks.

Perennial?

Root, a flat, orbicular, callous disk, of the same color as the frond.

Fronds, numerous from the same base, each rising with a single stem, from six to eight inches long, flexuose,
nearly cylindrical at its origin, and scarcely thicker than a sparrow's quill, but, as soon as it has attained to the height
of a few lines, becoming compressed, and afterwards preserving everywhere a nearly equal width of about a single
line, till, upon approaching to the apices, it again grows narrow, and ends in a sharpish point as it began ; the stem is
insome instances undivided, in others once or twice dichotomous, in all beset on both sides from the base to the
summit with ramuli, or pinna?, of the same nature and substance as itself, distichous, horizontal, scattered, some
standing close to each other, some rather remote, and others clustered here and there, not uncommonly altogether
wanting near the top of the frond ; these ramuli are, like the stem, at their base and their poiuts attenuated and sub-
cylindrical, but in other parts compressed, the lower and upper ones' are shortest, and about three lines long, the
central ones twice as long, or still more, the whole undivided and generally simple, but sometimes pinnated with a
series of much smaller ones arranged in the same manner, occasionally one or two are lengthened, and take the form
of new branches.

Fructification, at present unknown.

Color, according to Wulfen, often most elegantly varied in the same specimen; some parts are pale green, and
transparent, others a bright glossy purple, others deep-red, or even tinged with black, and so dark, that, unless held to
the light, the redness or purple is not discoverable. Wulfen says he should have been inclined to regard these varia-
tions of color as the effect of age, had he not seen them mutually change into one another : i for my own part, I am
persuaded they are not all natural, but arise from some accidental cause, probably a greater or less exposure to the
air.

Substance, cartilaginous, not without some degree of lubricity, tender and soft.

Obs. Plant remarkably smooth and glossy: habit flexuose, somewhat twisted in the ramuli: in drying it adheres
to paper.

Baron Wulfen, who first discovered this Fucus, and by his excellent * description and figure of it in Jacquin's Col-
lectanea, established its claim to a place as a distinct species, was induced to give it the name of F. filicinus, from a
fancied resemblance in the form of the outline of the frond to that of some species of fern. I wish he had mentioned
the species that he particularly had in his view, for he is usually so happy in the choice of his names, that I cannot
doubt of his being equally so in the present instance, and I recollect no fern to which this Fucus bears a striking re-
semblance. It is an elegant plant, in point of its shape and mode of growth, but is in the former of these respects
scarcely liable to less variation than in its color, different individuals being widely different from each other in the
length and number of their ramuli, in their more or less divided frond, and in being either simply or repeatedly pin-
nated. Respecting the fructification nothing whatever is at present known, nor is it easy to conjecture of what nature
it will most probably be found to be, the viscid texture of the frond rendering it unlikely that it should be similar to
that of F. corneus, which species is in its general appearance most similar to the present. Indeed, such is this re-
semblance, that Wulfen expresses his doubts whether he ought not to have quoted as a synonym to F. filicinus the
F. spinosus of Gmelin, which, it is well known, is only a large variety of F. corneus, of which plant, by a strange coin-
cidence, Hudson gave the name of filicinus to another variety. F. filicinus is distinguished from F. corneus by its
dissimilar substance, by being much less regularly pinnated, and by its mode of growth being always more or less
twisted. From F.flaccidus, to which it is perhaps still more closely allied, it differs in its color, in being far less
branched, and in having its ramuli disposed without any order, and never again pinnated till they attain to a consider-
able length, besides which, the size of all its parts is much greater.

a. F. filicinus, natural size.

* In this description there is one thing that I do not understand, when he speaks of the plant as rising with an extremely short, sub-cylin-
drical, blackish purple stem, coriaceous like the disk, and of the thickness of packthread, which is afterwards divided into many branches,
originating, as it were, from a common centre.

I

r. 2V»yr del*

151. — FUCUS QUERCIFOLIUS.

37

Fucus, caule coriaceo, piano, ancipite, lineari, flexuoso, sub-indiviso, foliis distichis horizontalibus alternis coriaceis

ellipticis enervibus dentato-runcinatis sessilibus pinnate
Fucus quercifolius. Brown, MS.

Habitat in meridionalibus Australasise littoribus. D. Brown.
Perennis.

Radix nondilm a me visa. _ , .

Frons instructa caule compresso, ancipite, flexuoso, pedali et ultra, latitudinem unius circiter linese et ubique fere
sequalem a basi ad apices servaiite, nunc simplice, nunc bifurco, et aliquando ramum unum alterumque emittente
lateralem, sparsum, horizontalem, abbreviatum, qui, sicut etiam caulis, per totam longitudinem foliis obsitus conspi-
citm; folia caulis e marginibus orta, disticha, horizontaliter patula, alterna, intervallis sesquilinearibus vel bilinearibus
semo'ta, elliptica, sessilia, duos circiter pollices longa, et unguem lata, nervo nullo percursa, sed centro lenissime in-
crassata ; margine dentibus profuudis approximatis incisa, ita ut propemodum runcinata diceres } superficie poris
nulhs pertusa.

Fructificatto bactenus latet.

Color, qui recentis in caule nigricans in foliis olivaceus, exsiccatse ubique est niger, et nitoris prorsfls expers.
Substantia coriacea, crassa, tenax.

Obs. Exsiccatione charta? nequaquam adhaeret.

Nemo, nisi fallor, dubitabit botanicus, F. quercifolii substantise, habitus, coloris, crescendique modo respectu
habito, quin locus huic in systemate inter Fucos qui Webero Mohrioque Fuci proprii audiunt debeatur, et quin om-
nibus hisce idem fructiiicationis sit modus. Inest tamen in exemplare hie depicto, quod unicum fere hujus speciei
bactenus vidi, nihil a quo suspicari possit aliquis in qua frondis parte hunc demum quserere debemus fructum, et
anne verisimilius sit ut e receptaculis constet ad nullum alium comparatis finem, an potius, sicut F. comosi tubercula,
in foliis, quibus in utraque stirpe eadem fere est substantia, immersa pouantur. Fieri quoque forsan potest, e con-
generibus judicans, ut F. quercifolius, in quibusdam Eetatis sua? stadiis, vesiculis instructus reperiatur, quamvis in hoc
certe exemplare talium vestigia incassum quaereremus. Folia, quantum perspicere potui, nullam unquam formse
mutationem subeunt, et nunquam in novos ramos attenuata producuntur. Harum peripheria in prima, aetate ab
ilia F pristoidis foliorum non ita multum discrepat, sed adulta satis declarant quam bene plantae conveniat nomen
ab amicissimo D. Brown datum, qui solus inter botanicos hactenils reperiisse videtur. Nnlla datur alia, quantum
scio, Fuci species, quacum est tirnendiun ne F. quercif olius commisceatur.

. F. quercifolius, magn. nat.

3$- tiWEilOTtl S 2UERCIF0 L I US.

Fucus^quereifoliusi.stem coriaceous, ftat^ two-edgech, linear, flexuose, mostly undivided, pinnated with -distichous,

horizontal, alternate, coriaceous, elliptical, nerveless, sessile leaves, so deeply dentate as to appear runcinate.
Fucus quercifolius. Brown, MS. v ,

On the south coast of New Holland. Mr. Brown.. I X m .\ .. & .. . . . • .... . , - .

Perennial.

Root, I have never yet seen.

Frond, furnished with a corfipressed, two-edged, flexuose stem, a foot or more in length, and preserving from its
base to its apex an every where equal width of about one line, simple in some specimens, in others forked, or occa*
siOnally throwing out from its margins one or two scattered, horizontal, short branches, which, like the stem, are '
throughout their whole length beset with leaves, which arise from the margins of the stem, and are distichous, be-;
tween horizontal and patent, alternate, separated by intervals of a line and half, or two lines each, sessile, about two;;
inches long, and half aninch wide, destitute of any nerve, but slightly incrassated in the middle; the margins deeply
cleft with teeth, standing near each other, in such a manner as to make the leaves almost runcinate ; the surface noti
perforated with any pores. i [

Fructification, hitherto unknown.

Color, in the recent plant, blackish in the stem, but olivaceous in the leaves; when dried, every where blackish,
and quite devoid of gloss.

Substance, coriaceous, thick, and tough.

Obs. In dfying it does not in the least adhere to paper,
-aio roup J j ,i"j)f;:>d>b ifiifibifs Uvqo'UT i V swpondoM •©■tail??/ inp sotw'i i->)«i aJimitJe-* u\ -jujiI eoaoJ niuu ,«)iidsd!
i That the fructification of F, quercifolius will be found to agree so far with that of F. vesiculosus and its congeners,'
sis to require the arranging of these plants together in the system, appears to me a point that admits of no doubt^
though the specimen here figured, which is almost the only one I ever saw, leaves it altogether uncertain in what part
of the frond this fructification maybe to be sought for, and' whether it may bear the form of separate receptacles, or:
may be, like the fruit of F. comosus, immersed in the substance of the leaves, which is in both species nearly the;
same. It likewise appears to me uncertain if the plant may not at some periods of its growth produce vesicles, a
supposition which seems to be warranted by its affinities, but not at all so by the specimen here figured, in which are
nO vestiges of any. The leaves seem in no case to change their appearance, or to lengthen into new branches : in their
earliest stage their outline considerably resembles that of the leaves of _F. pristoides, but, when fully grown, they show
strongly the propriety of the name given to the plant by my friend, Brown, who appears to be the only botanist
jhat ever found it. I am not aware that there is any other Fucus for which it is liable to be mistaken.

.5 lift .Ei^iAHf ^astoiowy^wo ■>&
a. F. quercifolius, natural size.

i s

152.— F UCUS CONSTRICTUS.

39

Fucus, fronde cartilaginea, plano-compressa, enervi, lineari, dichotoma, fastigiata, hie illic obsolete articulato-con-
stricta ; segmentis patentibus, apicibus obtusis.

Habitat apud insulas, " Kent's Islands," dictas prope Novam Hollandiam. D. Brown.

Perennis?

Radix nondum a me visa.

Frons quadri- sex- pollicaris, e piano compressa, nervi venarumque prorsus expers, latitudinem circiter semiline-
arem ubique a basi ad apices servans, (nisi qudd hie illic constricta reperiatur, intervallis haud certis, saepius tamen
breviusculis, ut obsolete articulata, articulis oblongo-cylindraceis, appareat,) juxta radicem bifurca, atque exinde
dichotomiis septies octiesve repetitis ramosa, spatio inter inferiores longiusculo, saepe sesquipollicari, inter superiores
multo breviore ; rami patentes, vel patenti-divaricati, omnes fastigiati ; margines integerrimi ; apices bifidi, segmejitis
abbreviatis, teretiusculis, obtusis, non rar6 incrassatis et quodammod6 clavatis.

Fructific atio in praesens latet.

Color intense purpurascenti-ruber, apices versus pallidior, subdiaphanus, per^desiccationem nitens, fugacissimus,
et primo in dilutius rubentem, mox in album evanidus.

Substantia cartilaginea, sub-cornea, crassa, lenta, tenax.

Obs. Amat in densis caespitibus crescere: — habitus strictus, et juxta apices quodammodo tortilis : — frons hie illic
ramorum brevium horizontalium congerie e marginibus pullulat : — exsiccata chartae non adhaeret.

Duas Fuci species, ade6 usque inter se dissimillimas ut in nihilo fere consentiant, conjungit F. constrictus,
cujus forma atque crescendi modus cum F. crispi varietatibus angustissimis, textura ver6 color habitusque generalis
cum F. corneo consentiunt. Ab hoc tamen non minus quam ab illo per frondem hie illic obsolete constrictam
primo statim aspectu dignoscitur ; et, ciim haec articulata facies notam speciei tarn certam, nisi fallor, quam cuivis
maxime obviam suppeditet, nomen ex hac quaerendum judicavi. In quibusdam haec locis e casu manifeste pendet,
fronde laesa, novosque ex apicibus trunctatis ramos inferioribus angustiores edente, sicut in F. lumbricali vel F.
Cabrera accidere solet ; sed nequaquam semper ita evenit, nullusque dubito quin talem crescendi modum speciei esse
proprium jusserit natura. Dantur quidem rami qui nulla sunt in parte constricti, alii vero sparsim aut infrequenter,
et denique alii intervallis certis vix lineam unam superantibus, quorum facies ad normam catenulata. Seminibus licet
careant, sintque idcirc6 pro sterilibus habenda F. constricti exemplaria a D. Brown lecta, quae sola hujus Fuci hac-
tenus vidi, satis ex apicibus quorundam incrassatis liquet, tuberculorum in his esse sedem, hique capsularum formam
jam innuunt. In hoc quoque F. constrictus cum F. corneo et F. cartilagineo, quibus natura arctissime est affinis,
consentit

a. F. constrictus, magn. nat.

b. frondis sterilis apex.

C. frondis incrassata, verisimiliter ob fruchim

incipientem, apex, magn. auct. - - 6.

40

152. — F UCUS CONSTRICTUS.

Fucus constrictus, frond cartilaginous, between flat and compressed, nerveless, linear, dichotomous, with branches
of equal height, here and there contracted as if jointed ; segments patent, apices blunt.

At Kent's Islands, near New Holland. Mr. Brown.

Perennial?

Root, I have not yet seen.

Fro nd, from four to six inches long, between flat and compressed, wholly destitute of veins or midrib, preserving
from its base to its apices a nearly equal width of about half a line, except that it is here and there contracted, at
irregular, mostly shortish, intervals, so as to appear obsoletely jointed, with joints between oblong and cylindrical; it is
forked near the root, and afterwards seven or eight times dichotomous, the distance between the lower dichotomies
being often an inch and half in length, that between the upper ones much shorter ; the branches are patent, or sub-
divaricated, and of equal height ; the margins quite entire ; the apices bifid, with short, sub-cylindrical, obtuse seg-
ments, which are not unfrequently swollen, and nearly clavate.

Fructification, at present undiscovered.

Color, a deep purplish red, paler near the apices, semitransparent, glossy, and much darker when dry, extremely
fugitive, and changing, first into a lighter red, afterwards to white.

Substance, cartilaginous, inclining to horny, thick, flexible, and tough.

Obs. Its mode of growth is in thick tufts: — its habit is straight, but generally somewhat twisted near the sum-
mits : — the frond here and there throws out from the margin a small cluster of short, horizontal branches : — in drying
it does not adhere to paper.

This Fucus is in a measure intermediate between two species, so widely dissimilar that they have few points in com-
mon, F. crispus and F. corneus, agreeing with the most narrow varieties of the former in its size and mode of
growth, but with the latter in its texture, its color, and its general habit. It differs at first sight from both in its ob-
soletely jointed structure, from which, as being, apparently, the strongest, as well as the most obvious, character of
the species, I have thought it proper to derive its name. This appearance, which is, in some branches, not altogether
unlike that of some specimens of F. Opuntia, is very evidently here and there the effect of accident ; the frond, like
that of F. lumbricalis or F. Cabrera, pushing out, where broken, from the centre of the injured part new branches
more narrow than those below them ; but, however such may be occasionally the case, it is assuredly far from being
always so, and I cannot but regard the constrictions as a natural property of the species. They are in some branches
wholly wanting, in others irregularly scattered, and again in others observable at intervals of scarcely more than a line
each. Though Mr. Brown's specimens, the only ones that I have ever seen of this Fucus, are all barren, there is still
no doubt, from the incrassated apices of many of them, but that the tubercles are there situated, and that these spe-
cimens were in reality just beginning to form their fructification, the future shape of which they clearly indicate.
In this respect likewise the plant agrees with F. corneus and F. cartilagineus, its nearest natural affinities.

a. F. constrictus, natural size.

b. summit of a barren branch.

c. summit of a branch swollen, probably for

fruit, magnified - - - - - 6.

153. — F UCUS CONCINNUS.

41

Fncus, fronde cartilaginea, filiformi, compressa, dichotoma, fastigiata ; angulis leniter rotundatis : tuberculis hemis-

phaericis, marginalibus, sessilibus.
Fucus concinnus. Brown, MS.

Habitat apud Insulas u Kent's Islands" dictas, prope Novam Hollandiam. D. Brown.

Perennis r?

Radix callus difformis, exiguus, frondi concolor.

Frondes ex eadem basi plurimae, dodrantales, compressae, filiformes, basi pennse passerinae crassitie, sursum ver-
sus aliquantum angustiores, divisae dichotomiisj nunc juxta radicem, nunc non nisi frondis circiter mediam altitudinem,
incipientibus, atque exinde persaepe repetitis, spatio inter singulas vix semiunguiculari ; dichotomiarum anguli levissime
rotundati ; segmenta erecta, omnia fastigiata, summa abbreviata atque leniter incurva, apicibus obtusis truncatis, in-
terdum etiam aliquantum incrassatis, ora nigricante ; margines ubique integerrimi, ramis lateralibus nullis.

Fructificatio tubercula sphaerica, atra, papaveris seminum magnitudine, ramorum marginibus apices versus in-
sidentia, enormiter sparsa, nunc unum nunc plura in singulis ramis, extrinsecus glabra, intus *seminum minutissimorum
oblongorum dilute rubrorum congeriem includentia.

Color ita intense purpurascens ut fere niger appareat, ad apices pallidior, atque ibi sordid^ luteo immixtus ; soli
diu objects in albicantem transiens. '

Substantia cartilaginea, lenta, tenax. \

Obs. Planta nitoris prorsus expers, et fere lurida, exsiccatione chartae non adhaeret.

F. radiati nomine, sicut omnibus fere fucologis est notum, et sicut est jamjam in hoc opere memoratum, F. ro-
tundum nostrum olim insigniverunt viri optime de re botanica meriti, Goodenovius Woodwardiusque, titulo ducto a
radiata seu flabelliformi ramorum dispositione, in planta rite explicata insigni. Idem quoque hie titulus ob eandem
causam non minus apte quadraret stirpi in hac tabula depictze, quae insuper etiam F. rotundo convenit, qu6d dichoto-
miarum habeat angulos omnes manifest^, quamvis leviter, rotundatos, segmentis erectis atque aliquantum incurvatis.
Inter Fucos F. concinno congeneres nulli tarn acte natura affinis videtur quam F. Griffithsice, aut F. plicati var. 0,
a quibus, sicut ab F. rotundo, per frondem compressam capsulasque sphaericas statim dignoscitur. Ramos quoque
habet magis ex ordine quam F. Griffithsiaz vel F. plicatus dichotomos, texturaque cornea, hujus charactere maxime
manifesto, omnino caret. F. concinni nomen plantae indi jussit D. Brown, qui solus inter botanicos hactenus repe-
risse videtur.

a. F. concinnus, magn. Bat.

b. f rondis pars> magn. auct. - - - 6.

c. tuberculum dissect um - - -3.

d. jibra, ? - - - - -1.

e. semina - - - - - - I.

* Anne fibras quoque seminibus inimixtas fovent tubercula, an semina in liueas parallela* disposita fibras mentiuntui ? Piohibuit paitiura
parvitas quoininus hoc rit6 perspicereni.

Vol. III.

G

42

153.— F UCUS CONCINNUS.

Fucus concinnus, frond cartilaginous, filiform, compressed, dichotomous; branches of equal height; angles

slightly rounded : tubercles hemispherical, sessile on the margins.
Fucus concinnus. Brown, MSS.

At Kent's Islands, near New Holland. Mr. Brown.

Perennial?

Root, a small, shapeless, callous knob, of the same color as the frond.

Fronds, numerous from the same base, eight or nine inches long, compressed, as thick at their origin as a spar-
row's quill, but somewhat smaller upwards, repeatedly forked, with dichotomies beginning in some specimens very
near the root, in others not till the plant has attained to half its height, but afterwards frequently repeated at intervals
of scarcely a quarter a line each ; the angles of them very slightly rounded, the segments erect, all of equal height,
the upper ones short and somewhat incurved, with blunt truncated apices, which are occasionally rather swollen and
tipped with a narrow blackish rim, as if scorched ; the margins of the frond are every where entire, and destitute of
lateral shoots.

Fructification, black, spherical tubercles, of the size of poppy-seed, growing upon the sides of the branches
near their summits, irregularly scattered ; sometimes only one and sometimes many on a branch, externally smooth,
internally containing a mass of extremely minute oblong pale red* seeds.

Color so dark a purple as to appear almost black, paler towards the apices, and having there generally a dirty
yellowish tinge ; from exposure to the sun it becomes whitish.

SuBSTANCii; cartilaginous, flexible, and tough.

Obs. Plant quite destitute of gloss, so as to have a lurid appearance : — in drying it does not adhere to paper.

The name of F. radiatus, given by Dr. Goodenough and Mr. Woodward to F. rotundus, on account of its
taking, when expanded, a radiated or flabelliform appearance, would for the same reason be peculiarly applicable to
the subject of the plate before us, which also agrees with that species in having the angles of its dichotomies mani-
festly, though slightly, rounded, and the segments erect and somewhat incurved. Its nearest affinities appear to be
F. Griffithsia, and the var. 0 of jF. plicatus, from both which, as well as from F. rotundus, it is immediately distin-
guishable by its compressed frond and its spherical capsules. It is also much more regularly dichotomous than either
of them, and it wholly wants the horny texture, which is so striking in F. plicatus. The name of F. concinnus was
given to this species by Mr. Brown, who alone appears yet to have found it.

a. F. concinnus, natural size.

b. part of the frond, magnified - - 6,

c. section of a tubercle - - - 3.
&. fibres'? - - * * - •* lf
e, seeds - - - ■ - *li

* The extreme minuteness of the contents of the tubercles prevented me from being able to satisfy myself, whether there are really any
fibres mixed with the seeds, or whether the seeds themselves are disposed in parallel lines so as to look like fibres.

i54.— FUCUS BIFIDUS. 43

Fucus, fronde membranacea, plan&, enervi, lineari, sub-dichotoma, segmentis palentibus, marginibus per cilia
sparsa brevissima hie illic agglutinatis : tuberculis sphaericis, lninutis, in fronde juxta margines immersis.

Fucus bifidus. Linn. Trans. III. p. 159. t. 17. f. 1. (excl. syn. Huds.) Eng. Bot. XL t. 773. (excl. syn.
Huds.). Syn. Fuc. I. p. 165. (excl. syn. Huds.) With. IV. p. 103. Clemente. p. 311.

F. ceranoides. Wulfen, in Jacqu. Coll. III. p. 160. (excl. syn. omn.) Wulfen, Crypt. Aquat. n. 9- (excl
syn. omn.)

F. laceratus. , Fl. Fr. Ed. <lda. II. p. 28.

$. ciliatus ; fronde lineari, marginibus dentato-ciliatis, apicibus lanceolatis acutis.
F. bifidus. 0. Syn. Fuc. I. p. 165.

F.lucer. Wulfen, Crypt. Aquat. n. 10. (excl. syn. Linn.)
y. decipiens; fronde enormiter ramosa; marginibus sub-ciliatis ; apicibus sub-ovalibus, acutis.

F. bifidus. y. Syn. Fuc. I. p. 1G5.
2. sub-palmatus ; fronde lineari, sub-palmat& ; apicibus rotundatis.

F. bifidus. J. Syn. Fuc. I. p. 165.
£. sinuosus; fronde apices versus aliquantum dilatata, atque ibi leviter sinuosa.

£. stipitatus ; fronde basi teretiuscula ; apicibus nunc dilatatis obtusis, nunc angustatis acutis ; ramis e margine
proliferis.

Habitant tres primae varietates in Orientalibus Angliae littoribus, et praesertlni in Norfolcia. — « circa Tarifa et
Gades. Clemente. — Prope Belfast. D. Templeton. — In Septentrionalibus Galliae oris. Decandolle. — a et 0 Ter-
gesti, in Mari Adriatico. Wulfen. — § apud [nsulam Vectis. — £ et f in sinu " Bantry Bay." Dna Hutchins.

Ferennisf

Radix callus minutus, tenuis, fibras emittens plurimas, capillares, dilute rosea?, Fucorum majorum, quos perre-
punt, stipitibus arctissime adhaerentes.

Frondes ex eadem basi plurima?, quaquaversum spectantes, unde totius stirpis peripheria subglobosa, planae,
nervi venarumque prorsus expertes, duos tresve pollices longa?, et duarum triumve linearum latitudinem ubique aequa-
lem servantes, leniter contortaa) divisa? dichotomiis juxta radicem incipientibus, atque exinde ter quater repetitis,
spatio inter singulas perbrevi, segmentis patentibus, vel patenti-divaricatis, ultimis tamen divaricatis ; apices obtUsi,
emarginati vel bifidi ; margines ubique integerrimi, hi prorsus denudati, illi instruct! processubus aliquot sparsis,
brevibus, angustis, spiniformibus, qui, radicularum vice fungentes, efficiunt ut planta, non modo per basin, verum
etiam per ramorum margines aliis affigatur Fucis corporibusve marinis, aut ut rami sibi invicem conglutinati adha3ieant,
quasi anastomosantes, quod sa?pe tali modo accidit ut nulla ais ad extricandos integros valeat.

Fructificatio tubercula spha?rica, papaveiis seminibus duplo minora, intense rubra, vel matura nigricantia,
nunc frondis marginibus per totam longitudinem insidentia, nunc in ipsa membrana, semper tamen marginibus pro-
pinqua, immersa, sparsa, solitaria, copiosiora in his quam in illis, seminum minutissimorum oblongorum congeriem
foventia.

Color, amoenissim^ roseus, lateritio interdum perfusus, sub-diaphanus ; exsiccata intensior et sub-sanguineus ;
mar cescentis demum albicans.

Substantia membranacea, tehuissima, et tenerrima.

Var. /3 frondem habet angustiorem quam a et ubique ad amussim linearem, neque sursum versus aliquo modo dila-
tatam, segmentis summis elonga^is atque acutis ; ramorum quoque margines copiose obsident processus exigui, hori-
zontales, vix quartam lineae partem longi, qui, uti suprd animadvertitur, radicularum cirrorumve loco inserviunt j
forsan etiam, cum plantain nunquam nisi sterilem viderim, si aetas sineret, proliferarn prolem postea suppeditarent.

In var. y. frondis latitudo unguem fer^ aequat, et stirps crescendi modo gaudet nequaquam dichotomo neque
palmato, sed prorsus enormi : hujus varietatis, cujus unum mod6 alterumque exemplar hactenus vidi, insigne est,
segmenta habere summa elongata formseque ellipticae, apicibus acutiusculis.

Var. S ejusdem fere est qua 0 magnitudinis, sed apices habet obtusos caeteraque omnia sicut in a, nisi qu6d sub-
stantia gaudeat crassiore ad cartilagineam accedente, ramosque habeat plurimos palmatim divisos.

Var. £ in omnibus cum a, convenit piaster summos ramos, qui insigniter dilatantur, perbreves sunt, apicesque
habent rotundatos et sinuatos, unde planta primo aspectu longe a reliquis recedere videtur.

In var. quae an recte F. bifida associetur necne dubito, multa paradoxa : — fructiferam nondum vidi : — magnitude
et substantia eadem fere qua? a, sed planta ad basin teretiuscula, unde stipiti insidere videtur brevi, e quo absque
normi pullulant rami plurimi, omnes ex ortu angustissimo sensim dilatati, hi vix lineam lati, lineares, dichotomi,
apicibus acuminatis, illi duplo triplove latiores, subpalmati, apicibus latis rotundatis, utrique e marginibus proliferi,
ramis aliis primariorum similibus.

Obs. Planta recens violarum odorem angustum spirat : — frons, lenti acerrimas subjecta, obsolete reticulata apparet;
alias ubique prorsus uniformis : — venarum nulla unquam vestigia ostendit : — exsiccata chartae adhasret.

Jam* supr& in hoc opere monuimus plantam in hac tabula depictam non esse eandem quam sub jP. bifidi nomine
designare in animo habuit Hudsonus, alterique idcirco deberi illud quod heec nunc fert nomen. Altera ea est

I\ Palmetta

• II. p. 3.

♦

44

154.— FUCUS BIFIDUS.

F. Palmetto, noster, qui vei ns F. bifidus Hudsoni, nihilque fere habet cum hac stirpe commune, quae multo quoque
longius ab illo Fuco recedit qui Gmelino F. bifidus audit, planta a me nunquam visa, sed qua?, ut satis ex icone
descriptioneque in Historia Fucorum datis liquet, inter F. saccharini familiam est recensenda, locum sibi asserens
F. bulboso proximum, cujus exemplaria vidi juniora illam multum referentia. Usee cum ita sint, nihilo tamen
minus nomina uti nunc sunt reliquenda judicavi ; timens ne, universe inter Botanicos recepta mutando, novam syno-
nymorum confusioni ansam praeberem, satiusque ratus F. bifidi Gmeliniani nomen recudere, dummod6 videndi de-
scribendique unquam sese ofFerret facultas. Hisce igitur dimissis, liceat mihi nunc de F. bifido modo nostro ioqui,
planta, qua?, quamvis in multis sit reperta locis, nullibi, quod scio, copiose provenire solet, sed plurimis iisque insig-
nibus forma? mutationibus ludit. Hoc satis testantur quae supra sunt descripta? varietates, quarum secundam in nova-
rum specierum numerum ascribendam censet D. Wigg ; quam ob causam ejus particulam hie delineatam exhibui,
seciis licet ipse sentia.m ; cum exemplaria viderim qua? inter illam atque usitatam planta? faciem ambigerent, et ha?c
etiam ciliis marginalibus rare- prorsus caret. Dubito quidem an recte fecerim, qu6d jF. lacerum Wulfenii huic
varietati adjunxerim ; sed de Fuco ejus ceranoide scrupuli mihi vix ulli restant quin revera ad F. bifidum pertineat,
quocum omnino consentientem video, texturam si excipias magis carnosam, qua? facit ut ad F. Nojvegicum vel ad
F. crispi varietates quasdam tenuiores accedat. Silentio tamen non est pra?tereundum, plantam Wulfenianam nondimx
esse nisi sterilem repertam, qualem ad me olim misit nobilissimus hie auctor, et qualem ex Hispania nuper accepi.
Eadem ferme substantia gaudet var. qua? insuper est per crescendi modum plerumque palmatum insignis, attamen
ab F. bifido a?gre disjungenda. Utinam sane liceret pariter confidenter de ultima varietate loqui, quam benevolentia?
Dnae Hutchins nunquam satis laudenda? debeo. Ha?c sola hactenus earn legit, sententiamque suam (dubitanter,
quidem, atque ea, qua semper utitur, modestia) refert, ab F. bifido non esse diversam. Ita certe judicaret aliquis
ramos latiores inspiciens, sed angustiores, horum longe" dissimiles, stirpem distinctam mentiuntur, et potius F. Sar-*
niensis surculos juniores simulant. Mirum hoc ; quoniam inter F. Sarniensem et F. bifidum similitudo nulla interest.
Maximam certe habet F- bifidus cum F. lacerato affinitatem, et quidem talem qualis efficit ut non desint Botanici qui
conjungendos existiment. Conjunxit revera Deeandollius. Ab his ego dissentio, specie distinctissimos credens :
dignoscitur enim F. bifidus tuberculis minutis nunquam non marginalibus ; frondis marginibus semper integerrimis ;
substantia crassiore atque tenaciore, haud ita laceratu facili ; crescendi modo nequaquam enormiter torto vel cripso,
quamvis plerumque semel iterumve spiraliter volubili ; et denique venarum longitudinalium pellucidarum absentia ;
ramisque varie per marginem agglutinatis. Insuper his, nunquam, quod scio, detectus est jF. bifidus cum seminibus
in fronde sparsis nudis ; quod ni sit, vereor ne postea nobis imponatur necessitas dispescendi in diversa genera plantaa
natura arctissime connexas, Nullus alius mihi innotescit Fucus, quocum fieri potest ut commisceatur F, bifidus.

a. F. bifidus, magn. nat.

b. frondis purs, magn. auct. - - - - 6.

c. tuberculum dissectum - ~ - - 8,

d. semina • - - =? » -> }t

e. var. 0, magn. nat,

•

154.— FUGUS BIFIDUS.

45

Fucus bifidus, frond membranaceous, flat, nerveless, linear, mostly dichotomous ; segments patent ; margins here
and there glued together by very short, scattered cilia ; tubercles spherical, minute, immersed in the frond near
the margins.

Fucus bifidus. Linn. Trans. III. p. 159- t. 17. f. 1. (excl. syn. Huds.) Eng. Bot. XI. t. 773. (excl. syn.

Huds.) Syn. Fuc. I. p. 165. (excl. syn. Huds.) With, IV. p. 103. Clemente. p. 311.
JP. ceranoides. Wulfen, in Jacqu. Coll. III. p. 160. excl. syn. omn. Wulfen, Crypt. Aquat. n. 9. (excl.

syn. omn.)

F. laceratus. E. Fl. Fr. Ed. Qda. II. p. 28.

/3. ciliatus ; frond linear, fringed with minute tooth-like cilia along its margins, its apices lanceolate and acute.
F. bifidus. 0. Syn. Fuc. I. p. 165.

F. lacer. Wulfen, Crypt. Aquat. n. 10, (excl. syn. Linn.)
y. decipiens ; frond irregularly branched ; its margins here and there ciliated ; its apices nearly oval and acute.

F. bifidus. y. Syn. Fuc. I. p. 165.
8. sub-palrnatus ; frond linear, sub-palmated, the apices rounded.

F. bifidus. S. Syn. Fuc. I. p. 165.
s. sinuosus ; frond somewhat dilated, and slightly sinuated towards the apices.

£. stipitatus ; frond nearly cylindrical at the base ; some of the apices dilated and obtuse, others narrow and acute ;
the margins of the branches proliferous.

The three first varieties are found upon the eastern coast of England, especially in Norfolk. — « near Belfast. Mr.
Templeton. — About Tarifa and Cadiz. Clemente. — On the northern shores of ^France. Decandolle. — « and
|3 at Trieste. Wulfien. — I on the shores of the Isle of Wight. — E and £ in Bantry Bay. Miss Hutchins.

Perennial? -September — January.

Root, a minute, thin, expanded callous disk, sending out numerous, pale-pink, capillary fibres, adhering very
closely to the stems of the larger Fuci, which they grow upon.

Fronds, numerous from the same root, pointing in all directions, so that the outline of the plant is nearly globu-
lar, quite destitute of midrib or veins, from two to three inches long, and preserving from base to summit an every-
where equal-width of two or three lines, slightly twisted, forked near the root, and afterwards three or four times di-
chotomous at very short intervals, with segments patent, or between patent and divaricated, excepting the extreme
ones, which are divaricated ; the apices are obtuse, and emarginated or bifid ; the margins constantly quite entire,
some of them altogether naked, others fringed with a few scattered, short, narrow, spine-like processes, which per-
form the office of roots, and cause the plant to fasten itself to other Fuci or marine bodies not by its base alone, but
also by the edges of its branches, besides which they make the different branches adhere together, as if they really
anastomosed, and this, frequently, to such a degree, that it is impossible to disentangle them without the destruction of
the individual.

Fructification, spherical tubercles, twice as small as poppy-seed, of a deep-red color, or blackish when ripe,
arranged along the margins of the branches throughout their whole length, and sometimes sessile upon the very mar-
gins, sometimes immersed in the substance of the membrane, but always near them, scattered, solitary, more plentiful
in some specimens than in others, containing a mass of exceedingly minute oblong seeds.

Color, a very beautiful pink, having sometimes a tinge of scarlet, or, if injured, of yellow, semitransparent ;
darker and nearly crimson when dry ; turning in decay to white.

Substance, membranaceous, exceedingly thin and tender.

The variety g has its frond narrower than a, and by no means dilated upwards, but everywhere exactly linear, with
the extreme segments long and acute ; the margins of the branches are also plentifully fringed with small, horizontal
processes, hardly the fourth part of a line long, which, as above observed, perform the office of radicles or tendrils,
and might possibly, as I have never seen the plant otherwise than barren, also serve, if the duration of the individual
would admit it, to supply a proliferous mode of increase.

In y the frond is nearly half an inch wide, and the mode of growth neither properly dichotomous nor palmate, but
very irregular : it is the striking character of this variety, of which I have met with only two or three specimens, to
have the upper segments long and of an elliptic shape, with sharpish points.

The size of § is nearly the same as that of /3, but it agrees with a in its obtuse apices, and in every other respect,
except that its substance is thicker and approaching to cartilaginous, and most of its branches are divided in a pal-
mated manner.

The variety £ also accords entirely with a, except in its upper branches, which are remarkably dilated and very
short, and terminate in rounded and sinuated apices, which gives the whole plant at first sight an appearance consi-
derably unlike the others.

With regard to f, I have many doubts if I have done right in joining it to jF. bifidus : it is a strange plant, and I
have never seen it in fruit : its size and substance are nearly the same as those of a, but at its origin it is subcylindrical,
so as to look as if it grew with a short stalk, out of which rose, without any order, numerous branches, all extremely
narrow at their origin, but gradually widening, some of them scarcely a line wide, nearly linear, and dichotomous, with

acuminated

46

154.— FUCUS BIFID US.

acuminated apices, others twice or thrice as wide, mostly palmate, and terminating in wide and rounded extremities }
both are proliferous from their margins, with other shoots similar to the primary ones.

Obs. The plant has, when fresh, a faint.smell of violets :— the frond, under the highest powers of the microscope,

appears obsoletely reticulated, but, otherwise, looks quite uniform : — it never has the slightest traces of veins : in

drying it adheres to paper.

It has* already been observed in the present work, that the plant here figured is not the real F. bifidus of Hudson,
and, consequently, ought never to have received that name, which belongs to our F. Palmetta, a species to which the
present is very little allied. Still less is it so to the Fucus called by Gmelin F. bifidus, a plant I never saw, but which,
from the figure and description in the Historia Fucorum, evidently belongs to the family of F. saccharinus, and
seems to come nearest to some young specimens of F. bulbosus. Notwithstanding this, however, as the subject of
the present plate is now generally known among botanists by the appellation it here bears, I have thought that the
making of any change would only lead to confusion, and that it was therefore best to leave the names unaltered, giving
a new one to Gmelin's, should I ever be fortunate enough to obtain specimens of it. F. bifidus is. a plant of far from
frequent occurrence, even upon those shores where it has been found in the greatest quantity ; but the specimens we
have seen of it have been sufficient to show that it is liable to very extraordinary changes in its appearance. Of this
the varieties above enumerated afford abundant proof. Mr. Wigg has been inclined to regard the second of these as
a distinct species, and I have, greatly on that account, been led to figure a portion of it ; but, at the same time, I can
by no means agree with him in opinion, as I have seen individuals that were intermediate between it and the more
common appearance of the species, and the latter also is seldom altogether destitute of the marginal cilia, though
never, I believe, so plentifully provided with them. Whether I have done right in referring to this variety the F. lacer
of Wulfen, I am far from certain. The fF. ceranoides of that noble author, I have no doubt belongs truly to F. bi-
fidus, though it appears to have been seen only in a barren state, in which he himself had the goodness to communi-
cate it to me. It agrees with our plant, except in its more fleshy substance, in which respect it resembles some spe-
cimens sent me from Spain, and shows an affinity to F. Norvegicus, or young plants of the narrow varieties of F. cris-
pus. The var § has nearly the same substance, and is still more remarkable, from its mode of growth being mostly
palmate, but is still, I believe, only F. bifidus. I wish I could feel equally certain respecting the last variety, for
which I am indebted to Miss Hutchins, who also expresses her doubts whether it belongs to this species, though she
inclines to think it does so. The wider branches certainly favor such an opinion, but the narrow ones are exceedingly
unlike F. bifidus, and rather resemble some of the early shoots of F. sarniensis. F. bifidus is evidently most nearly
allied to F. laceratus, and some recent botanists are of opinion that it is not really distinct from that species. De-
candolle has even published them as the same. From such a decision I must beg leave altogether to dissent, being
convinced that the two plants are essentially different, and that sufficient characters are to be found in the minute, al-
ways marginal, tubercles of F. bifidus, its constantly entire margins, its firmer and thicker substance not equally liable
to injury, its mode of growth not curled as in F. laceratus, though generally having a tendency to be once or twice
twisted, its constantly wanting the longitudinal pellucid veins, so characteristic of the other, and its different branches
being fastened together at their edges in various places, contributing greatly to its globular form . In addition to these
marks, it has never, I believe, been found with naked seeds, a circumstance that may probably hereafter produce a ne-
cessity, I should greatly lament, of placing the two plants in different genera. I am acquainted with no other Fucus
with which F. bifidus is likely to be confounded.

a. F. bifidus, natural size.

b. part of the frond, magnified - - 6*

c. section of a tubercle - - - -3.

d. seeds ------ 1.

e. var. @, natural size.

» II. p. 5. ' ■

t Wulfen's description of this plant is a botanical curiosity, being written in the full persuasion that his own F. ceranoides and those of Lin-*
na?us and Gmelin, were the same plant, instead of being as different as possible, the one the F. bifidus, the other the F. ceranoides, and the third
the F. crisjms of this work. He therefore labors from the beginning to the end to reconcile them together, and he does it with a dexterity that
is remarkable ; but how so acute an observer could be led to think that such a Fucus as he had before him could at any period of its growth
bear receptacles like those of F. vesiculosus is surprising. I mention this chiefly to shew how even Wulfen may be mistaken, and, if he conjd
not avoid errors like this; which of us may hope to do it?

/.;/.

155. — F UCUS RETROFLEXUS.

47

Fucus, fronde coriacea, plana, alternatlm decomposite- pinnata ; caule ramisque linearibus, flexuosis, ortu retro-
flexis, inferne articulatis, articulis e basi soluta ramos edentibus : vesiculis obovatis, in ramis petiolatis : re-
ceptaculis sub-cylindraceis, torulosis, terminalibus.

Fucus retroflexus. Labill. PL Nov. Holl. II. p. 113. t. 260.

Habitat ad Capitis Van Diemen littora, prope Novam Hollandiam. Labillardiere. — Iu Australibus Novas
Hollandiae oris. D. Brozm.

Perennis.

Radix hactenus latet.

Frons ca ule assurgens unico, indiviso, pedali, bipedali, et ultra, piano, ancipite, latitudinem circiter bilinearem
et ubique fere aequalem a basi ad apicem servante, toto flexuoso, vel, ut aptius loquar, ea ratione quam ziczac dicunt
composito, scilicet constante ex serie articulorum unguem pollicemve longorum, basi- solutorum, quod in inferiore
caulis parte perquam manifestum quo altius ascendis eo magis fit obsoletum et apicem versus evanescit ; caulis qua
radici propior, nudus, eastern ramis pinnatus ; rami distichi, articulorum semper e basi, et quidem e parte soluta^
orti, sunt quasi hujus productio, atque idcirc6 alterni, intervallisque articulorum longitudine sejuncti, plani, primum
deflexi, mox sub-horizontales, dodrantem et ultra longi, eadem qua. caulis ratione conficti, hujusque prorsus similes,
nisi qu6d triplo vel quadruplo sint angustiores articulosque habeant pro rata parte breviores, ipsi etiam prope ortum
nudi, sed sursum versus ex articulorum basi edentes novam ramorum seriem, qui, primariis breviores et angustiores,
nulla articulorum solutorum vestigia ostendunt, sed intervallis exiguis pinnati conspiciuntur tertia serie ramorum ita
tenuium ut propemodum sint capillares, et hi rursum alios ferunt minores, simili ratione dispositos, circiter unguem
longos, simplices, erecto-patentes, basi tamen lenissime deflexos; veskula, in ramis praesertim primariis, et saepissime'
horum juxta basin sitae, haud ita frequentes, formae obovatae vel ex elliptica sphaericae, Pruni spinosa, druparum mag-
nitudme, petiolis teretiusculis vix lineam longis fultaa, extinsecus laeves, intus cavae atque vacu33 :— folia, quantum ego
vidi, et quantum per Labillardierum liquet, semper huic Fuco desunt.

Fructificatio in ramis terminalibus sita, qui tunc toti intumescentes pennae fere passerinae crassitiem aequant, et
moniliformes fiunt ob tubercula inclusa sphasrica, quae brevibus intervallis sejuncta disponuntur, singula poro minu-
tissimo extrinsecils pertusa ; sub quo latent semina aliquot fusca, elliptica, limbo pellucido cincta, una cum fibris
plurimis, articulatis, abbreviatis, simplicibus.

Color, qui recentis verisimillime olivaceus, fit in exsiccata et pariter in rursus madefacta niger.

Substantia coriacea.

Obs, Planta ob ramos elongatos tenues flaccida, habitu comoso : — exsiccata chartaa non adhaeret.

Sicut de Africa perhibere sunt soliti veteres, semper aliquid novi gignere, ita et nobis de Australasia loqui licet,
qua?, interplurima alia ad Historiam Naturalem pertinentia nunquam aliunde accepta, novam quoque Fucorum
nuper patefecit familiam, forma longe recedentium ab aliis, quotquot sunt in reliquis orbis Terrarum hucusque
detectae littoribus. Hi omnes ad illam Fucorum tribum pertinent, qui Webero Mohrioque Fucii proprii audiunt, et
per duos prascipue dignoscuntur characteres. Primus est e duobus, quod caulem habeant planum ramis homogeneis
planis multoties pinnatum ; qui cuncti, sicut etiam caulis, ex articulorum distinctorum serie constare videntur, ordine
flexuoso sibi invicem impositorum, ita tamen ut subjacentis cujusvis apex non in ipsam superioris inseratur basin, sed
affigatur parti circiter lineam a basi remotae, calcem liberam solutamque relinquens. Spectabilis haecce frondis con-
formatio praeprimis est in caulis ramique cujuslibet parte inferiore manifesta, sed quo altius accedis eo sensim magis
magisque obsoleta, donee ad apices prorsus evanescit. Altera ilia horum Fucorum propria nota in ramorum situ
ponitur, qui, semper distichi, nunquam, sicut in aliis accidit Algis, e caulis angulis ortum ducunt acutis, sed semper
e lateribus planis emicant, ramorumque imum occupant, ordine nunquam non alterno dispositi, ortu deorsum spec-
tantes, ut fere articulos productos crederes. Hinc speciei hujus nostrae nomen duxit Labillardierus, hanc unam inter
Fucos tales memorans. Icon ab hoc data frondis frustulum e parte inferiore desumptum sistit, ramosque idcirco retro-
flexos evidentissime exhibet, mess in hoc praestans, in qua media fere exemplaris pars delineatur, et quae ad stirpis
faciem universalem exprimendam potius destinatur. Nullus datur Fucus hactenus in hoc opere depictus, vel ab
auctore quolibet descriptus, cui F. retroflexus crescendi modo accedit, vel quocum fieri potest ut a Botanicis com^
misceatur, quare ea quae de congeneribus sunt dicenda differre cogor, donee hi tandem publici erunt juris facti, Ex-
emplar hie delineatum D™ Brown arnicitise debeo.

a. -F. retroflexus, magn. nat.

b. rami fructiferi pars, magn. auct. - - 6.

c. tuberculum horizontaliter dissectum - - 3.

d. semina et flbrae - - - - - 1 .

48

155.— F UCUS RETROFLEXUS.

Fucus retrqflexus, frond coriaceous, flat, alternately repeatedly pinnated ; stem and branches linear, flexuose,
bent downwards at their origin, divided in their lower part into joints unconnected at their base, whence the
branches issue : vesicles obovate, standing on peduncles on the branches : receptacles sub-cylindrical, torulose,
terminal.

Fucus retrqflexus. Labill. PL Nov. Holl. II. p. 113. t. 26C^

On the shores of Van Diemen's Land near New Holland. Labillardiere. — Southern Coast of New Holland.
Mr. Brown.

Perennial.

Root, at present unknown.

Frond, furnished with a single, undivided stem, from one to two feet or more long, flat, two-edged, preserving
from its base to its apex an every where nearly equal width of about two lines, flexuose throughout, or rather grow-
ing in a ziczac direction, being, apparently, composed of a series of joints from half an inch to an inch long, standing
diagonally, in alternately opposite directions, and with the bottom of each projecting, which is very visible in the
lower part of the stem, but becomes more and more obsolete the higher you go, and towards the top ceases to be
observable ; the stem is naked in the part nearest the root, but afterwards beset with branches, which grow in a dis-
tichous manner, constantly originating from the base of the joints, of which they seem to be mere elongations, and
are, consequently, alternate and separated from each other by the length of the joints ; they are flat, bent downwards
at their origin, but afterwards nearly horizontal, nine or ten inches long, formed in the same way as the stem, and
exactly like it, except that they are three or four times narrower and have joints proportionably shorter ; these also are
naked below, but afterwards beset with a new series of branches originating from the base of the joints, shorter and
narrower than the primary ones, and not having the same jointed appearance, but likewise in their turns pinnated
with a third set, which are so narrow as to be nearly capillary, and these again produce others, still disposed in the
same manner, about half an inch long, simple, between erect and patent, but very slightly bent downwards at their
origin • vesicles situated upon the branches, especially the primary ones, and generally near the base of them, not very
numerous, obovate, or between elliptical and spherical, as large as sloes, supported upon subcylindrical petioli scarcely
a line long, externally smooth, internally empty : — leaves, as far as I have seen, or as appears from Labillardiere,

always wanting. ,

Fructification, placed in the terminal branches, winch then perform the office of receptacles, and, swelling
to the size of nearly a sparrow's quill, become moniliform from the tubercles they inclose, which are spherical,
separated by very short intervals from each other, and each perforated by an extremely minute pore, under which lie
a few, dark brown, elliptical seeds, surrounded by a pellucid limbus, and with these a number of short, simple, yel-
lowish, jointed fibres. . ' • . .

Color, of the recent plant, most probably, olive-green, but turning black from drying, and continuing so if again

moistened.

Substance, coriaceous.

Obs. The long, thin, very numerous branches render this plant flaccid, and give it a bushy appearance: — when
dried, it does not adhere to paper.

The coast of New Holland produces a tribe of Fuci different in their conformation from any thing yet found in
other parts of the world. They belong to that family which is called by Weber and Mohr Fuci proprii, and are all
composed of a stem repeatedly pinnated with different series of branches, the whole of which are, as well as the stem
itself flat and formed, as it were, of a set of distinct joints placed upon each other in a sort of ziczac direction, yet
so that the top of one is not attached immediately to the bottom of that above it, but is inserted at the space of about
a line above the lower extremity, leaving the remainder projecting beneath. This singular formation is particularly
visible in the lower part of the stem and branches, but gradually wears away towards the apices, where it is scarcely
observable. Another remarkable point attending these Fuci is, that the branches always arise from the flat parts of
the stem and never from the angles, contrary to the common practice of nature in these plants, and are regularly
placed in an alternate direction at the bottom of the joints, of which they appear to be a continuation, so that they are
at their origin bent downwards. It is from this circumstance that Labillardiere has derived the name of the species
before us with which alone of the family he appears to be acquainted. His figure, representing a small portion only
of the lower part of a specimen, shows the retroflexed disposition of the branches m a more striking point of view
than is done by mine which is taken from the center of the plant, and is more calculated to give an idea of its general
appearance There cannot possibly be an apprehension of confounding F. retrqflexus with any of the Fuci yet figured
in this work and " when an opportunity is afforded me of introducing the others more nearly allied to it, I shall
endeavor to' point out the manner in which they differ. For the specimen represented in the present plate I ana
indebted to Mr. Brown.

a. F. retrqflexus, natural size.

b. part of a branch in fruit, magnified - -6.

c. horizontal section of a tubercle - - -3.

d. seeds and fibres. - • * .... ' * - 1.

156.— F UCUS PARADOXUS.

49

Fttcus, caule coriaceo, piano, lineari, inferne sub-articulato, articulis basi sub-solutis, sterili folioso et simplice,
fructifero apices versus paniculato : foliis distichis, Iineari-ellipticis, crenulatis, ortu deflexis : vesiculis inter folia
sphaericis, petiolis planis, inter receptacula ellipticis, petiolis teretibus : receptaculis cylindraceis, terminalibus.
sub-paniculatis.

Fucus paradoxus. Brown, MSS.

Habitat in Australibus Novae Hollandia? oris. D. Brown.
Perennis.

Radix a me nondum visa.

Frons caule instructa unico, vage juxta basin diviso, bi- tri- pedali et ultra, tetragono angulis acutis slib-alatis, in-
fern& diametro lineam aequante, sursum versus gradatim attenuate, ut ad apices triplo quadruplove sit angustior, seg-
mentis ad dimidiam et ultra altitudinem indivisis atque foliosis, exinde paniculatim ramosis atque aphyllis, in utraque
parte ut plurimum vesiculiferis ; folia disticha, e caulis lateribus planis alternatim orta, spatio inter singula brevi,
ortu deflexa, mox horizontalia, ha?c tres pollices, ilia vix unum longa, omnia elliptica, vel elliptico-subrotunda, et
circiter unguem lata, petiolis brevissimis planis caulem latitudine aequantibus fulta, nervo crassiusculo nigricante per-
cursa, margine in his integerrimo, in illis crenulato, aut etiam sparsim spinuloso ; folia surculos juniores per totam
longitudinem vestiunt, adultiorum vix ultra mediam altitudinem attingunt, sed caulis super haec ad apices usque exas-
peratus conspicitur, quasi petiolorum difFractorum, omnium deorsum spectantium, reliquiis ; vesicula dimorpha?,
utraeque extrinsecus laeves, intus vacuae, ha foliis immixtae, eorumque petiolis fulta?, giobosae, nunc solitariae, nunc
binae vel teniae, Pisi sativi seminum magnitudine, petiolis brevissimis planis insidentes, plerumque folio subrotundo
crenato coronatae, nec rard membrana brevi dentata alatae, ill<z inter receptacula positae, elliptica?, vel elliptico-sphae-
ricae, vix Cannabis sativce seminibus majores, petiolis teretibus circiter lineam longis fulta?, et mucrone setaceo
aristata?.

Fructificatio in ramis paniculatis, praesertim eorum apices versus, frequentissima, ut totos fere cooperiat, e
receptaculis constans cylindraceis, duas tresve lineas longis, sub-paniculatim dispositis, brevissime pedunculatis, extrin-
secus poris frequentibus pertusis, sub quibus latent tubercula sphaerica immersa, sed semina omnia e meis aufugerant
exemplaribus : — receptaculis immixta vidi folia aliquot sparsa, linearia, tres lineas longa et unani lata, in qualia siis-
picor receptacula effoeta mutari : quod si ita sit, quam revera est haec stirps paradoxa !

Color recentis verisimillime olivaceus, exsiccate et pariter rursus madefactcE niger in caule, in foliis fuscus*

Substantia caulis coriacea, foliorum vesicularumque cartilaginea.

Obs. Rectius forsan de hoc Fuco, sicut de F. retrqflexo, diceretur, caulem ramosque habere articulatos, articulis
e basi soluta folia emittentibus ,• sed hoc neutiquam tain manifeste in F. paradoxo quam in F. retrqflexo locum habet :
planta exsiccata chartae non adhaeret.

Si quid est in Algis, et quam multa sunt sciunt omnes in his plantis investigandis versati, quod mirum atque ab
usitata naturae facie recedens paradoxum nominari meretur, ilium jure optimo titulum Fucus hie depictus asserit,
quern Australasiae ad littora primus et, quantum compertum habeo, solus legit D. Brown. Piget quidem quod tabulae
nostra? prohibuerit magnitudo, nimis angustis circumscripta terminis, quominus talem ejus exhiberem iconem qualis
rite exprimeret stirpis indolem, non tarn ab aliis omnibus quam ab ipsa abludentem : niagisque adhuc piget quod per-
pauca mod6 investigandi exemplaria mihi sit in praesens oblata facultas ; quamobrem, mihi vix blanchri possum me
descriptionem confecisse, qua? botanicis arrideat posteris stirpem in loco natali lustrantibus. Inter duo, quae mihi
hujus Fuci misit D, Brown specimina, dissimilitudo interfuit summa, ut nemo fere, ex his solis jurlicans, pro iisdem
venditare auderet. Horum unum, quod hie delineatur, caidem habet principalem fructiferum, sed prorsus aphyllum,
et sursum versus in ramos plurimos fissuni, dum minores reiiqui sunt steriles, indivisi, atque per totam longitudinem
foliosi, vesiculis tamen nullis : alteri caulis mod6 unicus, cui fructus deest, et qui, quamvis fructiferum mole aequat,
simplex manet, foliis a basi ad apicem obsitus, quae longitudine ea in exemplai e alio duplo triplove superant, et sunt
omnia vesiculis comitata. Neque equidem hoc solum in planta paradoxa paradoxum, sed et alia ; forma enim, uti
supra memoratur, discrepant inter se vesicula? receptaculis atque ea? foliis immixta? ; et talis est foliorum inter re-
ceptacula conspiciendorum forma, ut impossible videatur haec unquam reliquorum similia futura. Crescendi quoque
modus in hoc Fuco singularis, inter illos ambigens qui, F. tetrqflexi instar, e serie articulorum basi solutorum con-
stant, atque illos quibus est caulis, ut in plurimis, uniformis : ita tamen ut masime ad priores appropinquare diceres,
quia rami atque folia, quod in illis insigne, nunquam nisi e planis caulis lateribus oriuntur. F. paradoxi folia forma
referunt ilia F. telephifolii vel F. latifolii, sed planta ipsa ade6 usque ab omnibus aliis hactenus notis recedit, yt sit
cum nullo, vel a tyronibus, commiscenda.

a. F. paradoxus, magn. nat.

b. receptacula et vesicula, magn. auct. - - 6.

c. receptaculum dissectum - - - - 3.

d. frondis sterilis pars, cutn vesiculis, magn. nat.

Vol. III.

H

50

156. — F UCUS PARADOXUS.

Fucus paradoxus, stem coriaceous, flat, linear, with an obsolete appearance in its lower part of joints uncon-
nected at their base, leafy and simple when barren, when in fruit panicled near the apex : leaves distichous
lineari elliptical, crenulated, bent downards at their origin : vesicles of two kinds ; those among the leaves sphe-
rical with flat petioli, those among the receptacles elliptical on cylindrical petioli : receptacles terminal, cylin-
drical, disposed in a sub-paniculate manner.

Fucus paradoxus. Brown, MSS.

On the southern coast of New Holland. Mr. Brown.

Perennial.

Root, I have not jet seen.

Frond, furnished with a single stem, irregularly divided near its base, extending to the length of two or three feet,
or more, square, with sharp, almost winged, angles, a line in diameter in its lower part, but gradually growing smaller
us it rises, so that near the apex it is three or four times more narrow, its segments continuing for more than half
their height undivided, and beset with leaves, but afterwards branched in a panicled manner, and leafless, in both parts
generally producing vesicles ; leaves distichous, always rising in alternate order from the flat sides of the stem, sepa-
rated from each other by short intervals, bent downwards at their origin, afterwards horizontal, some reaching to three
inches, others to scarcely one in length, all elliptical, or between elliptical and roundish, and about half an inch wide,
standing on extremely short flat petioli of the same width as the stem, furnished with a thickish, dark-colored mid-
rib, the margin of some entire, of others crenulated, and, again, of others, beset with a few, minute, spine-like pro-
cesses ; the younger shoots are lined by the leaves from their base to their summit, but the full grown ones seldom
have any beyond half their height, though they are, to the very top, rough with what appear to be the remains of
broken petioli, all pointing downwards ; vesicles of two kinds, both smooth without and hollow within, the one sort
mixed with the leaves, and growing on their footstalks, sometimes solitary, and sometimes standing two or three
together, as large as the seeds of the common pea, supported upon extremely short, flat petioli, mostly terminated by
a roundish crenated leaf, and not uncommonly winged with a short toothed membrane, the other situated among the
receptacles, elliptical, or between elliptical and spherical, scarcely larger than hemp-seed, standing on cylindrical
petioli a line long, and tipped with a setaceous mucro.

Fructification, placed on the panicled branches, particularly towards their apices, and so abundant as almost
to cover them, consisting of cylindrical receptacles, two or three lines long, arranged on very short peduncles in an
irregularly panicled manner, externally uneven, and perforated with numerous pores, under which lie imbedded sphe-
rical tubercles, but all the seeds had, in my specimens, escaped : — mixed with the receptacles I have seen a few,
scattered, linear leaves, about three lines long and one wide, into which I suspect that the receptacles change, when
they have fulfilled their office : if so, this plant is more truly paradoxical than it appears to be.

Color, most probably, an olive green in the fresh plant, but turning, from drying, to brown in the leaves, and to
black in the stem, which also continues to be the case upon subsequent immersion.

Substance, of the stem coriaceous, of the leaves and vesicles cartilaginous.

Obs. This Fucus might, probably, with more propriety be described, like F. relroflexus, as having a stem com-
posed of a set of distinct joints, so placed upon each other, that the bottom of each is left disengaged and projecting
(yet not standing, as in that species, in a ziczac direction,) and as sending out from the base of the joints its leaves and
branches : — such a conformation, however, is far less evident in F. paradoxus than in F. retrqfiexus : — in drying it
does not adhere to paper.

This Fucus well deserves the name of F. paradoxus assigned to it by Mr. Brown, the only botanist that has at
present found it, and I greatly lament, not merely that, from the size of my work, it has been impossible to give such
a figure of it as might convey an adequate idea of its extraordinary nature, but, equally so, that I have been prevented
by the small quantity of specimens before me, from describing it in a manner likely to be satisfactory to those who
may hereafter meet with it. Such was the difference between two individuals sent me by Mr. Brown, that no bota-
tanist, whose means of judging were derived from these alone, would imagine them to be the same; the one, which
is represented in the plate before us, having its leading stem devoid of leaves and divided above into numerous
branches, while its smaller shoots are unbranched and leafy from top to bottom, but unprovided with vesicles ; the
other, of which I have been able to figure only a small part, being altogether barren and undivided, though equal in
size to the fructified one, and being beset throughout its whole length with leaves three or four times longer than those
in the former specimen, and each attended with one or two vesicles growing on its petiolus The different shapes,
likewise, of the vesicles just mentioned, and of those found among the receptacles, and the circumstance of the petioli
of the latter being cylindrical, while those Of the former are flat, are things both remarkable and extraordinary ; but,
*till more so, are the linear leaves scattered among the fructification, the form of which is such as seems to forbid the
supposition that they can ever be so changed as to resemble the others. F. paradoxus is a curious link between
the Fuci formed like F. retrojiexus, and those of more common appearance : it has the strong character of the former
that the leaves originate from the flat sides of the stem, and it has likewise a tendency to the same jointed mode of
growth. Its leaves in shape greatly resemble those of F. telephifolius or F. latifolius, but the plant itself is too
much unlike any other to need any observation for the purpose of distinguishing it.

a. F. paradoxus, natural size.

b. receptacles and vesicle, magnified - - -6.

c. section of a receptacle - - - - -3.

d. part of a barren frond, with vesicles, natural size.

15 7. — F U C U S TORULOSUS.

5 1

Fucus, fronde coriacea, plana, alternatim pinnata ; caule ramisque linearibus, flexuosis, at ticulatis ; caulis artieulis
e basi soluta ramos edentibus simplices, ortu deflexos, quorum ex artieulis basi solutis oriuntur vesi'culaB elliptica?
petiolatae et receptacula cylindracea, torulosa, copiosissima.
Fuc us torulosus. Brown, MSS.

Habitat apud Insulas " Kent's Islands" dictas, prope Novam Hollandiam. I). Brown.

Perennis.

Radix a me nondum visa.

Frons caule assurgens unico, sub-pedali, qui, ipsam ad basin teres pennaeque corvinae fere crassitie, ad aliquot
linearum altitudinem fit planus, aut plano-compressus, latitudinemque exinde eandem unius circiter lineae ad apicem
servat ; plerumque est indivisus, sed interdum semel iterumve sursum versus bifurcus segmentis sub-fastigiatis, semper
per totam longitudinem in articulos, quorum imi brevissimi ut annulos referant, reliqui circiter unguiculares, diflFractus,
ordine flexuoso, quern nostrates ziczac dicunt, dispositos, basi tamen utrique libera, atque ramum emittente ; caulis caetera
nudus ; rami articulorum e basi, ut jam memoratur, orti, hinc distichi atque alterni, #simplices, omnes sub-pollicares,
ortu deflexi, mox horizontales, eadem qua caulis ratione conficti, ejusque omnino similes, nisi quod minores sint, et
qu6d articuli, qui brevissimi, per medium mod6 connexi utrumque apicem habeant liberum et ex utroque emittant
ade6 densam fructus vesicularumque copiam, ut vera ramorum figura aegre dignoscatur ; vesiculce haud ita frequentes,
ut rar6 plures quam duas vel tres in eodem reperias ramo, ellipticae, vel ob basin aliquand6 elongatam elliptico-pyri-
formes, Lathyri tingitani seminibus majores, petiolis teretibus circiter lineam longis fultae, receptaculis immixtae, et
saepe horum pedunculis insidentes, extrinsecus laeves, intus cavae atque vacua?.

Fructificatio receptacula sub-cylindrica, longitudine unguem diametro lineam aequantia, copiosissima, ut rami
nihil aliud nisi horum congeries primo aspectu videantur, pedunculis imposita angustis, aliquot lineas longis, compressis,
nunc simplicibus, nunc, quod quidem saepius accidit, semel iterumve dichotomis, extrinsecus ubique torulosa, porisque
minutissimis pertusa, sub quibus latent tubercula immersa, sphaerica, includentia semina aliquot enormiter pyriformia,
intense fusca, limbo pellucido cincta, una cum fibris albicantibus, simplicibus, articulatis, granulorumque ellipticorum
diaphanorum seminibus multoties minorum congerie : — receptacula, seminibus elapsis, cava fiunt, atque extrinsecus
constricta intervallis brevibus, ut obsolete articulata appareant, et F. siliquosi vesiculas referant.

Color, qui recentis verisimillime olivaceus, est in exsiccata etpariter in rursiis madefacta ater, nitoris expers.

Substantia inter coriaceam et cartilagineam media, lenta, tenax.

Obs. Exsiccata chartae non adhaeret : — caulis forma graminum quorundam rachin refert: — Sertulariam c'uratam
atque Corallinam graniferam huic Fuco innascentes vidi.

Eadem ilia frondis conformatio, per quam se F. retrqflexus insignem praestat, et quam, dum ilium describeremus
Fucum, multis verbis exposuimus, magis est dilucide in F. toruloso conspicienda, neque in hac, sicut in ilia, specie
plant tantummodo partes inferiores occupat, sed per totam longitudinem, ubique pariter manifest^, valet ; in hoc
singularis, qu6d articuli sint prope caulis ramique cujuslibet ortum triplo quadruplove quam alibi breviores. Nulla
unquam foliorum vestigia in hoc Fuco vidi, atque exemplaria a D. Brown lecta, quae sola observandi hactenus est
data facultas, omnia forma inter se congruunt ; quod tamen non obstat quin suspicer plantain in diversis aetatis sua;
stadiis fac.ies longe diversas induere. Ita suadet indoles receptaculorum, qua?, seminibus jam elapsis, tain intus quam
extrinsecus, F. siliquosi vesicularum similia evadunt ; sed de re nondum visa non est ut aliquid ex tripode asseram.
Hoc saltern absque dubio proferre licet, F. torulosam, quantumvis casu vel aotate mutatum, nuuqti^m eo usque a
seipso recedere posse, ut sit ullus in distinguendo labor.

a. F. torulosus, magn. nat.

b. receptacula et vesicula.

c. receptaculum longitudinaliter dissection, magn.

auct. ------- f>.

d. idem horizontaliter dissect um - - - G.

e. semina - - - - - - ] .

f. jibra et granula pel/ucida - - - - ].

g. pars receptaculi dissecti, seminibus emissis - 6.

* An vere simplk-es ?— Sane nescio an rami rectius dicerentur simplices pedunculiqne ramosi, an pedunculi pro ramis habereutnr secundariii
ramique idcirco divisi perhiberentur : — nihil sane refert j sicut enim cuivis inter Algas marinas versato botanico satis estnotum, partes oniueio
Fitcorum (paucos si excipias,) tempore progrediente, in alias mutantur, ethi pedunculi, si plantae »ineret astas, rami fiereut.

52

15 7. — F U C U S TORULOSUS.

Fucus torulosus, frond coriaceous, flat, alternately pinnated : stem and branches linear, flexuose, jointed ; joints of
the stem unconnected at their base, whence issue the simple branches, deflexed at their origin, and out of the base
of the joints of the branches arise elliptical, petiolated vesicles, and a profusion of cylindrical torulose recep-
tacles.

Fucus torulosus. Brown, MSS.

In Kent's Islands, near New Holland. Mr. Brown.

Perennial.

Root, I have not yet seen.

Frond, rising with a single stem about a foot long, which is at the base cylindrical, and almost as thick as a crow's
quill, but as soon as it has attained to the height of a few lines becomes flat, or between flat and compressed, and
afterwards preserves to its apex an everywhere equal width of about a line; it is generally undivided, but sometimes
once or twice forked in its upper part with segments of nearly equal height, throughout its whole length it is con-
stantly flexuose, as if it were composed of a series of distinct joints placed upon each other in a ziczac direction, the
lowest so short as to appear nothing more than annular tumors, the rest above half an inch long ; from the bottom of
each of these joints, which is loose and prominent, issues a branch, so that the stem, though in other respects naked,
is pinnated with a series of distichous, alternate, *simple branches, about an inch long, bent downwards at their
origin, afterwards horizontal, formed in the same manner as the stem, and exactly like it, except in their smaller size,
and in having the joints, which are extremely short, connected only in their centres, so that both ends are loose, and
both give rise to such a profusion of fruit and vesicles that the true nature of the branches is not easily distinguishable ;
vesicles not very abundant, so that seldom more than two or three are observable on the same branch, elliptical, or
elongated at their base so as to approach to pyriform, larger than the seeds of the Tangier Pea, supported upon cylin-
drical petioli, about a line long, growing mixed with the receptacles, and often springing from their footstalks, ex-
ternally smooth, internally empty.

Fructification, nearly cylindrical receptacles, half an inch in length, and a line in diameter, very abundant,
so that the branches appear at first sight to be merely a mass of them, standing upon narrow, compressed peduncles
some lines long, which are sometimes simple, and sometimes, indeed most commonly, once or twice dichotomous ;
the receptacles are extremely torulose all over, and perforated with very minute pores, under which lie imbedded
spherical tubercles, containing a few irregularly pyriform, dark-brown seeds, surrounded with a pellucid limhus,
mixed with whitish, simple, jointed fibres, and a mass of elliptical, transparent granules many times smaller than the
seeds : — the receptacles, when they have discharged their seeds, become hollow, and externally contracted at short
intervals, so as to have an obsoletely moniliform appearance, and resemble the pods of F. siliquosus.

Color, most probably, olive-green in a recent state, but turning black from drying, and continuing so if again
moistened, destitute of gloss.

Substance, intermediate between coriaceous and cartilaginous, tough and flexible.

Obs. In drying it does not adhere in the least to paper: — the stem resembles in its form the rachis of some
grasses : — Sertularia cirrata and Corallina granifera are found growing on this plant.

The same singular conformation of the frond, as has already been spoken of at considerable length under jF. retro-
flexus, is still more remarkable in the subject of the present plate, in which the jointed appearance is not confined to
the lower part alone, but reaches to the very apices, attended with this extraordinary peculiarity, that the joints, are,
near the origin both of the stem and branches, much shorter than in any other part. 1 have seen no appearance of
leaves in any specimens of this Fucus. From the circumstance of the receptacles taking, after they have discharged
their seeds, the form, both externally and internally, of the vesicles of F. siliquosus, I should conceive that F. torulosus
must be a species very different in its appearance at different periods of its growth ; but I have had no opportunity of
examining it in any other state than that here figured, so that I speak of this only as matter of conjecture. Whatever,
however, may be the changes to which it is liable, I cannot imagine that any of them can so alter it as to make it
possible for it to be confounded with any other Fucus at present known.

a. jF. torulosus, natural size.

b. receptacles and vesicle.

c. longitudinal section of a receptacle, magnified - 6.

d. horizontal section of the same -r - - -6.

e. seeds - - - - - - - -1.

f. fibres and transparent granules - - - 1 .

g. part of a receptacle, after it has discharged its

seeds, cut open - - - - - 6,

• I am at a loss whether it is most correct to call the branches, as I have done, simple, and the peduncles branched, or whether to regard
these latter as a secundary set of branches, and call the branches divided: it is, however, a matter of little moment, for, as every botanist
conversant with the study of the marine Algae knows, all the parts of Fiui, with a few exceptions, are changed into others, and these peduncles,
did the age of the plant admit of it, would become real branches.

158.— FUCUS WOODWARDIA. 53

Fucus, fronde merabranacea, plana, costata, lineari, dichotoma, margine ubique minute dentato-ciliata, superficie

sparsim punctata.
Fucus Woodwardia. Brown, MSS.

Habitat in Septentrionalibus Novae Hollandiae oris. D. Brown.

Perennis.

Radix a me nondum visa.

Frons dodrantalis, et ultra, plana, circiter semiunguem lata, linearis, dichotomiis juxta basin incipientibus atque
exinde saepe repetitis, spatio inter singulas rar6 unguiculari, divisa, furcarum sinubus acutis, ubique percursa costa,
quae, basi nigricans firma atque penna passerina vix tenuior, sensim, uti progreditur, magis fit angusta magisque pal-
lida, donee juxta apices frondi concolor facta propemodum evanescit; frons superficie sparsim utrinque pertusa, poris
minutis atris fibrarum albarum brevium articulatarum fasciculos emittentibus, apice bifida, segmentis abbreviatis paten-
tibus obtusis, margine leniter undulata atque per totam longitudinem dentato-ciliata, denticulis minutissimis, nigrican-
tibus, spinulas referentibus :— basin versus membrana vi fluctuum saepius deteritur, et costa hinc denudata stipitis
speciem pra? se fert.

Fructificatio hactenus latet.

Color, qui recentis verisiinillime dilute olivaceo est viridis non sine flavedine et nitidus, fit in exsiccatd aquose
gramineo-fuscescens, semper tamen diapbanus.

Substantia quoque, qua?, semper tenuis, in recente verisimillime inter cartilagineam et membranaceam ambigit
atque elastica est, fit in exsiccata aut rursus madefacta insigniter flaccida atque tenerrima.

Obs. Exsiccatione chartae nequaquam adhaeret; sin absque cura. aut pressura exsiccetur, partes omnes sibi invicem
impositze ita agglutinantur, ut nullo mod6 postea disjungi possint : — frons sub lente lineis tenuissimis, nigricantibus,
parallelis, approximatis, a costa ad margines diagonaliter excurrentibus notata conspicitur.

Cum omnibus fere numeris inter se consentiant F. membranaceus atque Fucus bic noster Woodwardia, sitque
hujus descriptio nihil ferme aliud nisi illius repetita, lectori forsan magis placuissem, certe brevitati melius consulu-
issem, dicendo mod6 de planta hie depicta, habere omnia cum altera communia, frondis margines si excipias, serratos
in una, in altera integerrimos. Dum tamen sic de stirpe universa loquor, fateri necesse est me analogia quodammodci>
niti; ita facere coactus, quoniam omnia Fuci Woodwardia quae hactenus vidi exemplaria, pauca quidem ilia, manca
fuerunt, utpote quibus cum radix turn fructificatio et costas vis prolifera defuerunt. Neque id solum describentt
obfuit, qut>d sint manca, sed et de hacteuus exsiccatis nihil certi, quod ad recentium colorem texturam odoremve
attinet, proferre licuit; haec enim, quae quam magni sunt in F. membranaceo momenti nemo botanicus nescit, omnia
mutata. Sint licet talia, aut etiam plura, ignota, nullus timeo ne temeritatis reus arguar, putarerque, ut aiunt, in festi-
nationibus nimias suscepisse celeritates, sententiam meam proferendo, Fucum Woodwardia non minus in ignotis quam
in notis cum F. membranaceo consentire. E contrario inagis vereor ut recte fecerim quod pro diversis speciebus
habuerim, prasertim quoniam Ulva atomaria, stirps hisce summopere affinis, margine nunc serrato nunc ititegerrimo
ludit; quamvis, altera ex parte, nequaquam eodem quo F. Woodwardia modo serrata; iilius enim dentes, absque
norma dispositi, et in his ramis frequentes in illis rari vel nulli, saepe potius e casu qualm e vera frondis indole pendere
videntur, hujus semper intervallis disjuncti certis totam frondem cingunt, videnturque sub lente substantia atque colore
a reliqua fronde discrepare. Nomen quod huic Fuco imponi voluit D. Brown libentissime adhibui, ciim quia simili-
tudinem, quae inter ilium et Filicum familiam Woodwardiam dictam summa interest, denotat, (similitudinem jam olim
inter has stirpes et F. mernbranaceum Webero Mohrioque intercedere observatam,) trim praecipue quia viro optime
de re herbaria merito et a me ipso summa semper observantia culto atque colendo honorem mentis quaesitum
mandat.

a. P. Woodwardia, magn. nat.

b. frondis pars, magn. auct.

- Q.

54

158. — F UCUS WOODWARDIA.

Fucus Woodwardia, frond membranaceous, flat, midribbed, linear, dichotomous, its margin every where fringed

with minute spine-like teeth, its surface punctured with scattered blackish dots,
Fucus Woodwardia. Brown, MSS.

On the North coast of New Holland. Mr. Brown.

Perennial.

Root, I have not yet seen.

Frond, nine inches or more long, flat, about a quarter of an inch wide, linear, branched with dichotomies be-
ginning the base, and afterwards frequently repeated, the intervals between each being seldom equal to half an inch,
angles of the divisions acute ; a midrib passes through the whole frond, which in the lower part is blackish, stiff, and
almost as thick as a sparrow's quill, but, as it advances, gradually decreases in size and grows more pale, till, near the
extremities, it fades to nearly the same color as the frond, and is scarcely observable ; the surface of the frond is per-
forated all over on both sides with minute, black, scattered pores, out of which issue small clusters of short, white,
jointed fibres ; the apices are bifid with short, patent, obtuse segments ; the margins slightly undulated, and throughout
their whole length fringed with exceedingly small blackish teeth, placed at short, regular distances from each other,
and resembling little spines, the intermediate space between each being circular, so that they might almost be called
crenate: — towards the base of the frond, the membranous part is generally worn away by the attrition of the
waves, and the midrib, being consequently left naked, wears the appearance of a stipes.

Fructification, at present undiscovered.

Color, most probably a pale olive-green tinged with yellow, and glossy in the recent plant, but turning from dry-
ing to a very light, brownish, grass-green, always transparent.

Substance, very thin, remarkably flaccid and tender after it has been dried, and continuing so if again wetted,
but, most probably, between cartilaginous and membranaceous, and having a considerable degree of elasticity in a
recent plant.

Obs. In drying it does not in the least adhere to paper ; but, if it be dried without care or pressure, all those parts
of the frond which touch each other, adhere together, and can never afterwards be separated : — under the microscope,
the frond is seen to be marked with fine, blackish, parallel lines, running diagonally from the midrib to the margins.

In the description of the Fucus figured in the present plate, I have done little more than copy what had been pre*
viously said in this work of F. membranaceus, with which the plant before us so exactly accords, that it would have,
perhaps, been the most satisfactory, as it would have, undoubtedly, been the shortest plan, to have said in few words
that they have every point in common, except that the edges of the one are entire, and those of the other toothed. In
making, however, this general observation, I am obliged to depend, in a measure, upon analogy ; since the specimens
which I have had an opportunity of seeing of F. Woodwardia have been both few in number, and far from perfect,
wanting the root, the fructification, and the proliferous tendency of the midrib, all which are strong characteristics of
F. membranaceus. In like manner, their having been previously dried renders it impossible to speak with certainty
upon the question of their color or their texture, or how far they participate in the strong offensive smell of the other ;
but, still, 1 entertain no apprehension, lest any botanist should regard me as too precipitate, in expressing my decided
opinion, that in all these points the two plants agree. Indeed, I am rather inclined to doubt if I have done right in
separating them ; especially as XJlva. atomaria, a plant very nearly allied to them, is found with its margins sometimes
toothed, and sometimes entire ; though, on the other hand, the serratures of this latter are always scattered without
order, and more copious in some branches than in others, often resembling only accidental lacerations, while those of
F. Woodwardia are remarkable for the regularity of their size and of their disposition, and appear under the micro-
scope to be of a nature and color distinct from the rest of the frond. I have had a peculiar pleasure in following
Mr. Brown in the name he has given to this Fucus, which both serves to perpetuate the memory of an able and
distinguished botanist, whom I highly respect and esteem, and also to point out the resemblance of the plant to
the Genus of Ferns that bears his name ; a resemblance that had been already remarked by Weber and Mohr to
exist between F. membranaceus and the Woodwardia.

a. F. Woodwardia, natural size.

b. part of the frond, magnified

6.

a

159. — F UCUS SILIQUOSUS.

55

Fucus, caule coriaceo, compresso, lineari, ramoso, seque ac ramis ubique pinnato vesiculis ctistichis, alternis, corn-
pressis, lineari-Ianceolatis, petiolatis, articulatis: foliis ad basin distichis, alternis, planis, linearibus, integerrimis :
receptaculis juxta apices distichis, alternis, pedunculatis, compressis, lineari-lanceolatis.

Fucus siliquosus. Linn. Sp. PI. II. p. 1829- Syst. Nat. II. p. 71 6. Fl. Suec. p. 1150. Fl. Lapp. p. 365.
Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II. p. 1381. Gmelin, Hist. Fuc. p. 81. t. 2. B. Fl. Dan. t. 106. Ft. Ang.
p. 574. Ft. Scot. II. p. 921. With. IV. p. 88. Linn. Trans. III. p. 124. Fl. Ped. IL p. 329. l'L
Norv. I. p. 83. Eng. Bot. VII. p. 474. Ner. Brit. p. 8. t. 5. Syn. Fuc. I. p. 60. Fl. Fr.^ Ed.Qda.
II. p. 21. (excl. var. £ et ejus syn.) Esper, Ic. Fuc. I. p. 27. t. 8. (excl. syn. Sebae, quod ad F. vesiculo-
sum pertinet.) Wulfen, Crypt. Aquat. n. 14. Fl. Monsp. p. 458. Fl. Germ. III. p. 440.

F. angustifolius, vesiculis longis siliquarum czmulis. Raii Syn. p. 48. n. 38. Moms. Hist. Ox. III. p. 647.
n. 7.

Alga marina, ramis plurimis, tenuibus, longis; vesiculis oblongis, siliquarum amulis. Seba, Thes. III. p. 186.
t. 98. n. 3.

0. minor ; fronde vix dodrantali, vesiculis raris.
F. siliquosus. 0. Syn. Fuc. I. p. 61.

F. siliculosus. Ner. Brit. p. 42. t. 11. With. IV. p. 88.
y. denudatm ; fronde elongata, ubique foliosa, vesiculis foliisque nullis.

Habitat in Oceano Septentrionali et Atlantico. — Britanuiarum ad oras, copiosissime. — In Mari Mediterraneo
et Adriatico. Wulfen. — Apud Newfoundland, et in Oceano Sinensi. Herb. Banks. — Ad Insulas Fortunatas.
Bory de St. Vincent. — 0 Cornubiae ad oras. Stackhouse. — y apud Weymouth. D. Bryer.

Perennis. Nov. — Apr.

Radix callus expansus, orbicularis, in plantis provectioribus semper conoideus, ligneus, ater, diametro saepe pol-
licaris.

Frondes ex eadem basi tres vel plures, singula? instructs caule unico, nunc unum nunc quatuor pedes longo,
compresso, circiter lineam lato, ubique lineari, leniter flexuoso, glaberrimo, in his indiviso, in illis ramoso, semper per
totam longitudinem vesiculis et fructificatione pinnato ; rami sparsi, infrequentes, distichi, horizontaliter patuli, longi-
tudinis in diversis individuis diversissimae, ut nunc vix palmam nunc pedem exuperent, rard ipsi ramosi, semper caulem
omnino referentes, nisi quod minores sint, ejusque instar receptaculis vesiculisque pinnati ; vesuula caulis et ramorum
ad latera sitae, distichae, alternae, patentes, spatio inter singulas aliquot linearum, lineari-lanceolatae, siliquiformes, lon-
gitudine in eodem exemplare discrepantes, hae unum illae tres pollices longae, lineam unam alteramve latae, compressae,
petiolis brevibus angustis compressis fultae, et saepius rostro piano ipsis triplo angustiore et breviore terminatae, ex-
trinsecus sulcis plurimis transversalibus utroque circiter lineam ab altero distante notatae atque torulosa?, intus cava?,
nisi qudd, septis interceptaa totidem, articulataa reperiantur, praeter quod fibris percurruntur aliquot tenuibus albican-
tibus parallelis rar6 anastomosantibus ; folia vix unquam nisi in plants astate primzi aut adultioris ipsam ad basin de-
tegenda, plana, linearia, duos et ultras pollices longa, vix lineam lata, eadem qua vesicular ratione dispositae, brevissi-
m^que, sicut illse, petiolata, apice obtusa, margine integerrima, costa tenui nigricante non nisi planta luci objiciatur
conspicienda percursa, plerumque poris minutissimis sparsis nigricantibus copios& pertusa, e quibus tamen nulli,
quantum vidi, fibrarum, ut in F. serrato et reliquis, emittuntur fasciculi : — stirps junior faciem habet ab adulta quam
diversissimam, tota ex his foliis constans, quae, progrediente aetate, sensim intumescentia in ramus vesiculasque mu-
tantur ; unde constat fibras jam memoratas, quae vesiculas longitudinaliter percurrunt, reverd esse nihil nisi foliorum
costas.

Fructificatio semper juxta ramorum caulisve apices sita, atque ibi haud ita copiosa, ut rar6 plura quam qua-
tuor vel sex receptacula in eodem reperias ramo, e receptaculis constans *lineari-lanceolatis, compressis, vix poilieein
longis, aut lineam latis, distichis, alternis, intervallo inter singula exiguo, brevissime pedunculatis, extrinseciis aequa-
libus, quantumvis ubique poris minutissimis pertusis, sub quibus latent tubercula immersa, sphaerica, seminum oblong-
orum fuscorum congeriem foventia, una cum fibris plurimis albis articulatis.

Color olivaceus, nitoris expers, et nihil in se diaphani habens ; soli objectcz aut exsiccata aterrimus, nec rursus
madefactce in pristinum redit.

Substantia coriacea; recentis lenta et tenax ; exsiccatce perquam fragilis.

Var. /3 singularis est planta, statural humilis rar6 sex vel novem pollices superantis, omnibusque partibus duplo minor
quam usitata jF. si/iquosi facies : receptacula fert copiosiora, vesiculas longe infrequeutiores.

Facie gaudet var. y magis quam 13 insigni, atque eousque a vulgari recedente, ut pauci botanici primo aspectu pro
F. siliquoso haberet : unicum mod6 hujus exemplar hactenus vidi, quod stirpis, ut videtur, longe majoris est ramus,
sed in longitudinem plusquam pedalem producitur, e caule constans compresso, angusto, cui annectuntur folia elon-
gata, tenuia, plana, nullibi in vesiculas vel in siliquas intumescentia: stirpis latitudo ubique fere eadem vix unam
lineam aequat.

Obs.

* Form& atque situ cum vesiculis conveniunt receptacula, quas facte quoque extern^ prorsus referunt, nisi quod sulcis transversalibus
careant; dubitandumque non est quin effoeta in vesiculas mntentur, in quas transeuntes, sicut ill« F. torulosi jam in hoc opere depicts, non
raro reperiuntur :— nequaquam vero hinc colligitur vesiculas omnes priinitus fuisse receptacula, et quidem tali sententia; repugnare frondis
indoles videtur. Similitudo quae inter receptaculorum et vesicularum iormam interest causae; extitit quod F, siliquosi fructus tandiu botanices
latueiit.

56

159. — F UCUS SILIQUOSUS.

Obs. Frons non infrequenter visco quodam sordide dilute viridi, hujus inod6, nisi fallor, Fuci proprio, obducta
reperitur, quae per desiccationem immutata manet: — in meridionalibus Britannia? oris Sertularia Plurna hunc
Fucum perrepere amat : — * rar6 reperitur exemplar in quo aliquae e vesiculis vel foliis non sunt diffractae, harumque
persistentes petioli faciunt ut caulis ramique faciem quandam spinosam induant.

De Fuco, quo nullus fere diutius inter botanicos innotuit, perpauca mod6 sunt quae sese descriptioni adjicienda prae-
stant, praesertlm cum sit quoque vix ullus magis in universum cognitus, vel qui jactare possit characterem magis primo
aspectu obvium. Vesiculae, qua? hunc characterem suppeditant, et a quibus planta nomen suum aptissimum ducit,
quantumvis ab illis F. vesiculosi F. natantis et reliquorum forma discrepent, manifeste sunt ad eundem a natura des-
, tinatae finem, nihilque habent omnino cum fructu commune, sicut veteres, e fjguia judicantes, censere sunt soliti, qui,
Fabarum siliquis conferentes, semina non minus in illis quam in his quaerenda autumarunt. F. siliquosus, marium
fere omnium a botanicis aditorum incola, paucis, uti videtur, formee mutationibus est obnoxius, nullis earn ob causam ;
ut, nisi aliter docerent chartae quibus exemplaria in Herbario Banksiano agglutinantur, nullo modo sciri possit quin
stirpes ibi servatae ex Americanis atque Sinensibus reportatae littoribus in nostris essent oris lectas. Quod ad varietates
duas supra memoratas attinet, priorem ex his, ob staturam humilem f vesicularumque absentiam, pro nova specie
depinxit descripsitque Stackhousius ; a quo invitus dissentire cogor, quia characteres nullos qui ad speciem distinctam
constituendam sufficiant detegere potui. Liceat obiter dicere stirpem esse ab hac toto caelo diversam JF. siliculosum
Linnaei, quem pro F. siliquosi synonymo citat Decandollius. Altera nostra varietas olim est in Fucorum Britan-
nicorum Synopsi pro mero naturae lusu habita, et talem jam nunc credidissem, nisi repugnaret b. D. Bryer sententia,
qui sese eandem non rard in littore prope Weymouth reperisse perhibuit ; quam ob causam hie in varietatum numerum
asciscendam putavi, eoque id libentius feci, qu6d illi vix persuadere potuerim ad F. siliquosum ullo modo pertinere.
Iconem in hac tabula delineatam viri nobilissimi T. Frankland Baroneti benevolentia? grata mente acceptam refero.

a, b. F. siliquosus, magn. nat.

c. planta junior.

d. vesicula dissecta, magn. auct. - - - 6.

e. receptaculum dissectum - - - - 6.

f. ejusdem pars - - - - - - 3.

g. semina etfibra - - - - - 1 .

* Multi hanc spinosam frondis faciem, qua; certe e casu modo pendet, memoraverunt auctores, inter quos Wulfenius tanti esse momenti
credidit, ut in charactere inseruerit specifico, in quo dicit " caulem alternatini breviter esse dentatum," cui in descriptione adjungit, " den-
ticulis compressis, aculeorum more, sursum versus curvule acuminatis."

t Haj non semper desunt, quamvis ita in Nereide Britannica censuisse videtur Stackhousius ; video enim aliquas in exemplare ab ipso com-
municato, quamvis paucas, parvas, mancas, et obsoletas.

159.-FUCUS

SILIQUOSUS.

57

Fucus siliquosus, stem coriaceous, compressed, linear, branched, pinnated, like the branches, with distichous,
alternate, compressed, petiolated, jointed, lineari-lanceolate vesicles : leaves placed near the base, distichous,
alternate, flat, linear, entire : receptacles placed near the apices, distichous, alternate, compressed, lineari-lanceo-
late, pedunculated.

Fucus siliquosus. Linn. Sp. PI. II. p. 1829- Syst. Nat. II. p. 7 16. Fl. Suec. p. 1150. Fl.Lapp. p. 365.

Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II. p. 138 J. Gmelin, Hist. Fuc. p. 81. t. 2. B. Fl. Dan. t. 106. Fl. Ang.

p. 574. Fl. Scot. II. p. 921. With. IV. p. 88. Linn. Trans. III. p. 124. Fl. Fed. II. p. 329- Fl.

Norv. I. p. 83. Eng. Bot. VII. p. 474. Ner. Brit. p. 8. t. 5. Syn. Fuc. I. p. 60. Fl. Fr. Ed. 2da.

II. p. 21. (excl. var. /3 et ejus syn.) Esper, Ic. Fuc. I. p. 27. t. 8. (excl. syn. Sebae, quod ad F. vesiculo-

sum pertinet.) Wulfen, Crypt. Aquat. n. 14. Fl. Monsp. p. 458. Fl. Germ. III. p. 440.
F. angustifolius, vesiculis longis siliquarum amulis. Raii Syn. p. 48. n. 38. Moris. Hist. Ox. III. p. 647.

n. 7-

Alga marina, ramis plurimis, tenuibus, longis ; vesiculis oblongis, siliquarum amulis. Seba, Thes. III. p. 186.

t. 98. n. 3.
£. minor ;

F. siliquosus. @. Sy?i. Fuc. I. p. 61.

F. siliculosus. Ner. Brit. p. 42. t. 11. With. IV. p. 88.
y. denudatus;

[n the Northern and Atlantic Ocean. — Shores of the British Isles, in the greatest quantity. — In the Mediterranean
and Adriatic. Wulfen. — At Newfoundland, and in the Chinese Ocean. Banksian Herbarium.-^Camrj
Islands. Bory de St. Vincent. — (3 on the coast of Cornwall. — Stackhouse. — y at Weymouth. Mr. Bryer.

Perennial. November — April.

Root, an expanded, orbicular, callous disk, black, woody, often an inch in diameter, always taking a conical form
in old plants.

Fronds, three or more from the same base, each rising with a single stem, from one to four feet long, com-
pressed, about a line wide, everywhere linear, slightly flexuose, very smooth, sometimes undivided, but more fre-
quently branched, constantly pinnated throughout its whole length with vesicles and fructification; branches scattered,
far from numerous, distichous, between horizontal and patent, varying in length from three or four inches to a foot in
different specimens, seldom again divided, exactly resembling the stem, except in their smaller size, and, like it, pin-
nated with receptacles and vesicles ; vesicles placed along the sides of the stem and branches, distichous, alternate,
patent, separated from each other by intervals of a few lines, between linear and lanceolate, looking like siliquae, of
different lengths in the same individual, so that some are not more than one inch while others are three inches long,
from one to two lines wide, compressed, standing on short, narrow, compressed footstalks, and generally terminated
with a flat beak three times shorter and narrower than themselves, externally marked by numerous transverse furrows,
each about a line from the other, internally hollow, except that they are divided into joints by an equal number of
dissepiments, and have a few, thin, whitish, parallel fibres, which rarely anastomose, running longitudinally through
them ; leaves seldom, if ever, to be seen, except in very young specimens, or immediately at the base of older
ones, flat, linear, two inches or more long, scarcely a line wide, disposed in the same manner as the vesicles, and sup-
ported, like them, on short, narrow petioli, obtuse at their apices, entire at their margins, provided with a thin,
blackish midrib, which is not observable unless held to the light, their surface mostly perforated with a profusion of
minute, scattered, black pores, out of which, as far as I have seen, issue no clusters of fibres, as in F. serratus, and
others : — the appearance of young specimens is widely different from that of older ones, the plant then consisting
altogether of these leaves, which, as it advances in age, gradually swell into branches and vesicles : hence it appears
that the fibres just mentioned as running longitudinally through the vesicles, are in reality the remains of the midrib
of the leaves.

Fructification, always situated at the extremities of the stem and branches, consisting of receptacles, of which
there are seldom more than five or six on any branch, of a form between linear and lanceolate,* compressed, scarcely
an inch long, or a line wide, distichous, alternate, separated by small intervals, supported upon extremely short pe-
duncles, externally even, although they are perforated all over with minute pores, under which lie imbedded spherical
receptacles containing a mass of brown seeds, together with a profusion of white jointed fibres.

Color, olive-green, devoid of gloss, and perfectly opaque: turning to a deep black from exposure to the sun or
drying, and never recovering by subsequent immersion.

Substance, coriaceous, flexible and tough when fresh, but extremely brittle after it has been dried.

The variety /3 is a singular plant, not rising to the height of above six or nine inches, and having all its parts less by-
one half or more than those of the more common appearance of F. siliquosus : it produces its receptacles also more
plentifully, and its vesicles much more rarely.

* Both the shape and the disposition of the receptacles is exactly like that of the vesicles, which they resemble also in their external ap-
pearance, except that they want the transverse furrows ; nor is there any doubt but that, when they have discharged their seeds, they are turned
themselves into vesicles : it is not uncommon to meet with them in F. siliquosus in this state of progression, similar to what has been figured
under F. torulosm; but whether all the vesicles have previously been pods is a very different question, and, in my opinion, the nature of the plant
forbids such a supposition. It is this resemblance between the receptacles and vesicles that caused the fruit of this Fucus to remain so Ion"
unknown. °

Vol. III. I TjjC

58

159. — f u c us siuquosus.

The appearance of y is considerably more remarkable than that of 0, so that few botanists would at first sight think
of referring it to this species : the only specimen I have seen of it is, apparently, the side-shoot of a larger plant, but.
extends above a foot in length) composed of a very narrow, compressed stem, and long, thin, flat leaves, without any
appearance of their anywhere swelling into vesicles or pods : the width of the plant is scarcely half a line, and nearly
the same in all its parts.

Obs. The frond is not unfrequently found covered with a dull, pale-green, slimy matler, peculiar, I believe, to this
Fucus, which continues unchanged, even after it is dried, and alters its natural appearance : — in drying, it does not adhere
at all to paper : — on the southern coast of England specimens of Serlu/aria Pluma are commonly met with on this
plant : — F. siliquosus is seldom seen in so perfect a state, but that some of the vesicles or leaves have been broken off,
the petioli of which, continuing, give the branches and stem the thorny appearance noticed by many writers.*

Upon the subject of a Fucus which has so long been known and so generally been understood as the present, it can be
necessary to add but few words to the description already given ; especially as the singular construction and appear-
ance of the vesicles is a circumstance in itself sufficient to distinguish the species at all times from its congeners.
These vesicles, from which the plant derives its highly appropriate name, are evidently intended, like those of F. vesi-
culosa, F. natans, and others, to preserve the frond in a state of buoyancy, and have no connection with the fructifi-
cation, of which they were regarded as the seat by the botanists of former times, who, comparing them to the pods of
beans, expected, from analogy, to find the seeds within them. There are few, if any, Fuci known to be more widely
extended over the different waters of the earth than F. siliquosus, and very few are liable to less variation in point of
appearance, or less affected by distant places of growth ; so that the specimens preserved in the Banksian Herbarium,
from Newfoundland and China, can only be known by their labels not to have been the productions of our own shores.
Of the two varieties above mentioned, the first, from its diminutive size and -{-general want of vesicles, has been by
Mr. Stackhouse regarded as a distinct species, and probably with reason ; though I can at present discover no cha-
racter that appears to authorize my following his example. It is, however, by no means the F. siliculosus of Linnseus,
which Decandolle has referred to the present plant, but which is altogether J different, and unlike any other I ever
saw. My other variety, I should have been tempted still to have considered a mere lusus natures, as 1 had previously
done in the Synopsis of the British Fuci, but that, since the publication of that work, my lamented correspondent,
Mr. Bryer, informed me he had often found the plant in a similar state on the beach at Weymouth ; on which ac-
count I am led to look upon it as deserving of farther notice, and the more so, as that gentleman could scarcely be in-
duced to believe I had done right in referring it to F. siliquosus. For the drawing here represented, I am happy to
acknowledge my obligations to Sir Thomas Frankland.

a, b. F. siliquosus, natural size.

c. young plant.

d. section of a vesicle, magnified - - - G.

e. section of a receptacle, magnified - - 6.

f. part of the same - - - - - 3.

g. seeds and fibres - - - - 1.

* Wulfen has laid such a stress upon this circumstance, which is certainly only accidental, that he makes it a part of the specific character
tliat the stem is alternation breviter dentatus, anii he farther adds in his description, " denticulis compressis, aculeorum more, sursum versus curvule
*cuminatis."

t They are certainly not always wanting, though apparently considered so in the Nereis Britannica, as I find some, though but few, and those
few imperfect, in a specimen communicated to me by Mr. Stackhouse himself.

X Of this plant, I hope to be able to lay a figure before my readers previously to the close of my work, though the indifferent state of Ihc
specimens in the Linnajan Herbarium, the only ones I have yet seen, prevent my entertaining the expectation of giving a satisfactory one.

160.— FUCUS A L AT US.

59

Fucus, fronde membranacea, tenerrima, costata, lineari, sub-dichotoma ; ramis alternatim pinnatis : tuberculis
sphaericis, sessilibus, seminibusque nudis, sparsis, nunc ramorum apicibus, nunc processubus oblongis e costa ortis
insidentibus.

Fucus alatus, Fl. Ang. p. 578. Gmelin, Hist. Fuc. p. 187. t. 25. f. 1. Linn. Mant. p. 135. Syst. Nat.

II. p. 718. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II. p. 1387. Fl. Scot. Ih p. 951. With. IV. p. 95. Fl. Dan. t. 352.

Fl. Now. II. p. 9). Linn. Trans. III. p. 142. Ner. Brit. p. 79- t. 13. Esper, Ic. Fuc. I. p. 20. t. 3.

Syn. Fuc. I. p. 144. Eng. Bot. XXVI. t. 1837. Fl. Fr. Ed. 2da. II. p. 28.
Fucus dichotomus parvus costatus et membranaceus. Rah Syn. p. 44. n. 20.
F. purpureus tenuiter divisus non geniculatus. Moms. Hist. Plant. Ox. III. p. 646. n. 15.
(3. dilatatus; fronde latiore, marginibus undulatis.

F. alatus. var. Gmelin. Hist. Fuc. t. 25. f. 3.

F. alatus. 8. Syn. Fuc. I. p. 145.
y. angustissimus ; fronde angustissima ; nervo membrana lateral! fere destituto.

F. alatus, junior. Gmelin, Hist. Fuc. t. 25. f. 2.

F. alatus. y. Syn. Fuc. I. p. 145.

Habitat in Oceano Septentrionali. Koenig. — In Oceano Islandico, circa Besserstedt et Oerebacke. Oeder.- —
In Occidentalibus et Meridionalibus Angliae et Hibernise littoribus, haud infrequens. — E mari, " Davis Streights"
dicto, accepi. — Galliae ad oras, prope Dieppam. Decandolle. — In Mari Finmarchico. Gunner. — 0 apud
Weymouth. — y apud Scarborough. D. Pitchford. — Apud Lossiemouth, in Scotia? Septentrionalis oris orien-
talibus. D. Brodie.

Perennis. Jan. — Aug.

Radix callus expansus, enormiter discoideus, dilute roseus.

Frondes ex eadem basi plurimae, quatuor sexve pollices longae, e costa constantes compressa, basi pennae passe-
rine crassitie, sursum versus sensim attenuata atque angustata. ideoque magis obsoleta ut juxta apices propemodum
evanescat ; huic utrinque per totam longitudinem aunectitur membrana tenuissima, linearis, lineam imam alteramve
lata, frondem efficiens ubique alatam, nisi quod juxta basin membrana vi fluctuum saepius deperdita costam denudatam
relinquat, quae tunc teretiuscula tit, et stipitem simulat : — frons plerumque prope ortum bifurca, atque exinde saepius
divisa, ordine certo nullo, ramis nunc distichis, nunc dichotomis, interdum et trichotomis, his frequentibus, illis raris,
longitudinis quoque incertissimae, sed plerumque ita ut frondis expansae peripheriae latitudo longitudinem superet, semper
quo magis ad apices accedis eo copiosioribus, atque ibi semper pinnatis serie minorum, distichorum, patentium, alter-
norum, decurrentium, quorum inter singulos intervallum duarum circiter linearum interest ; hi quoque non raro simili
sunt ratione pinnati, et aliquando est cernere totam frondem juniorem sic pinnatam ; rami summi sensim abbreviati ;
apices bifurci, segmentis erectis, leniter incurvis, obtusis, vix lineam longis, interdum ita brevibus ut apices rectius
emarginatos diceres ; margines frondis ubique plani atque integerrimi : ex utroque costas latere emanant ejusdem ra-
musculi, qui venarum pellucidarum albarum series in F. ruscifolio conspicuas oculo inermi simulant, intervallis bre-
vibus distincti, patentes, ad foliorum margines simplices et paralleli decurrentes.

Fructificatio duplex, in diversis individuis; hac e capsulis constans sessilibus, sphaericis, papaveris seminemul-
toties minoribus, saturate sanguineis, seminum minutissimorum congeriem foventibus ; ilia e seminibus sparsis, nudis,
atro-rubentibus, sub lente in tres partes dehiscentibus ; — uterque fructus nunc ipsis est impositus ramis, tubercula,
costae prope frondis apices, semina nuda membranaB insidentia ipsos frondis ad apices in maculas parvas oblongas dis-
posita, nunc in processubus cernitur exiguis, lanceolatis, e costa enormiter hie illic ortis, vix lineam longis, his soli-
tariis, illis binis ternisve, atque, uti videtur, ad nullum alium finem a natural destinatis, quoniam, fructu evanescente,
decidunt.

Color membranae pulcherrime saturate roseus, diaphanus, per desiccationem intensior et sanguineus; costa. intense
coccineus, juxta basin non raro nigricans, sed prope apices membranae fere concolor ; totius stirpis marcescentis sor-
dide arenaceus aut virescens.

Substantia in costa cartilaginea, in membrana tenuissima et tenerrima.

Var. & crescendi modo prorsus cum « convenit, sed ramos habet duplo latiores, ut aliqui ungnem fere sequent ;
margines quoque minute sunt undulati, et color sanguineus.

In var. y omnia varietati praecedenti opposita : membrana frondis semper est angustissima et plerumque prorsus
deest, aut per frustula modo sparsa hie illlc conspicitur costa solito crassior ; altitude interdum novem pollices
superat : habitu ab « et '& recedit.

Obs. Exsiccata chartae adhaeret.

F. Hypoglosso et F. ruscifolio, ipsis pulchenimis, arctissime affinem sesejactat haecce perelegans Fuci species, quae
tamen ab utroque horum ade6 usque forma crescendique modo abludit, ut verba tantum prodigeret quisquis ad dig-
noscendos plus quam quod in charactere reperitur specifico proferret. Sicut in F. sinuoso, sic etiam in F, a/ato, costa,
quantum vidi, nunquam prolifera occurrit ; nisi quidem injuria aliqua accepta, aut ubi processus supra memoratos emittit,
qui, dum capsularum, ut ill i F. sinuosi, vice funguntur, minime, illorum instar, effceti in novos producuntur ramos.
Semina nunc in capsulis inclusa, nunc nuda, et nunc ramis nunc his processubus imposita, causae extitere ut hujus
Fuci fructum trimorphum dixerit Stackhousius. In specierum facillime dignoscendamm numero recensendus est

alatus.,

60

160.— FUCUS ALATUS.

alatus, form& habituque paullum ludens, varietatem nostram y si excipias, quae tantum ab usitata plantae facie ludit, ut
dubitaverint nonnulli annon rectius pro distincta sit habenda specie. Huic favet opinioni qu6d amicissimus Brodiaeus,
qui copiose" nascentem legere solet, semper sui esse similem et paullum variare perhibeat. Nihilominus tamen, cum
fructificatione gaudeat illius F. alati prorsus simili, cum texturam habeat eandem quam ejus costa, et cum utriusque
rami sint eadem prorsus ratione dispositi, tali sententiae assentiri non sum ausus. Hujus varietatis iconem exiguam,
eandemque haud bonam, dat Gmelinus, qui ramos graciles e stirpis aatate tenera pendere credit ; cui quidem opinioni
repugnant statura solito major et fructificatio copiosa : neque magis videtur verisimile costam esse a casu vel injuria
aliqua denudatam ; vix enim, si ita res esset, membranam tarn perpetu6, quasi ex arte, deperditam videremus, et ra-
morum summopere luxuriantium vigor plantam illaesam denotat. Denique hie crescendi modus e borealibus quas
colere amat orbis terrarum plagis non pendet ; quoniam exemplaria ex Islandia reportata membranae latitudine Cor-
nubiensibus et Devoniensibus nostris non cedunt. Primo aspectu magis ad F. glandulosum aut F. coccineum quam
ad F. alatum pertinere haec videtur varietas.

a. F. alatus, magn. nat.

b. frondis pars, cum seminibus sparsis in processubus

oblongis, magn. auct. - - - -6.

c. unus e processubus seminiferis - - - - 4.

d. semen - -- -- -- - l.

e. frondis pars, cum seminibus sparsis in ramorum

apicibus -------6.

f. frondis pars, cum tuberculis in processubus ob-

longis ------- 6.

g. unus e processubus tuberculiferis - - - 4.

h. pars frondis var. g, magn. nat.

i. ejusdem pars, magn. auct. - - - - 6.
k. pars frondis var. y, magn. nat.

1. ejusdem pars, magn. auct. - - - - 6.

160.— FUCUS ALATUS.

Fucus alatus, frond membranaceous, extremely tender, midribbed, linear, sub-dichotomous ; the segments alter-
nately pinnated ; spherical sessile tubercles, and naked scattered seeds, both placed sometimes on the apices of
the branches, and sometimes on oblong processes, originating from the midrib.

Fucus alatus. Fl. Ang. p. 578. Gmeltn, Hist. Fuc. p. 187. t. 25. f. 1. Linn. Mant. p. 135. Syst. Nat.
II. p. 718. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II. p. 1387. Fl. Scot. II. p. 951. With. IV. p. 95. FL Dan. U
352. Fl. Norv. II. p. 91. Linn. Trans. III. p. 142. Ner. Brit. p. 79- t. 13. Esper, lc. Fuc. I. p.
20. t. 3. Syn. Fuc. I. p. 144. Eng. Bot. XXVI. t. 1837- Fl. Fr. Ed. 2da. II. p. 28.

Fucus dichotomus parvus costatus et membranaceus. Raii Syn. p. 44. n. 20.

F. purpureus tenuiter divisus non geniculatus. Moris. Hist. Plant. Ox. III. p. 6'46. n. 15.
dilatatus ; frond wide, undulated at the margins.
F. alatus. var. Gmelin, Hist. Fuc. t. 25. f. 3.
F. alatus. 0. Syn. Fuc. I. p. 145.

y. angustissimus ; frond extremely narrow ; midrib almost wholly destitute of the lateral membrane.
F. alatus, junior. Gmelin, Hist. Fuc. t. 25. f. 2.
jF. alatus. y. Syn. Fuc. I. p. 145.

In the Northern Ocean. Koenig. — On the coasts of Iceland, about Besserstedt and Oerebacke. Oeder. — On
the Southern and Western shores of England and Ireland, not uncommon : — I have received it also from Davies'
Streights. — Coast of France, at Dieppe. Decandolle. — In the sea about Finmark. Gunner. — (3 at Wey-
mouth.— y at Scarborough. Mr. Pitchford. — At Lossiemouth, on the North-east coast of Scotland. Mr.
Brodie.

Perennial. — January — August.

Root, an expanded, irregularly formed callus, of a pale pink color. '

Fronds, numerous from the same base, from four to six inches long, composed of a compressed midrib, which is
at the base as thick as a sparrow's quill, but as it rises grows more thin, and more narrow, till near the apices it is
almost obsolete ; to each side of this, throughout its whole length, is attached a linear membrane, one or two lines
wide, thus constituting a frond everywhere winged, except that, towards the base, the membranous part is generally

worn

1 60. — F UCUS ALA T US.

61

worn away by the action of the waves, and the midrib, left naked, becomes sub-cylindrical, and has the appearance of
a stipes : — the frond is most frequently forked near the base, and afterwards repeatedly divided without any certain
order, the branches being sometimes distichous, and at other times dichotomous, or even trichotomous, numerous in
*some specimens, in others unfrequent ; in point of length, also, they are very variable, but are mostly so long, that the
width of an individual, fully expanded, is greater than its height ; towards the summits of the frond they are always
most abundant, and are there regularly pinnated with a series of smaller ones, which are distichous, patent, alternate,
decurrent, and separated by intervals of about two lines ; these, likewise, are sometimes pinnated in their turns in a
similar manner, and occasionally, a whole plant may be seen thus branched in an early stage of its growth ; the ramuli
grow gradually shorter as they approach the top of the plant ; the apices are forked, with erect, slightly incurved, ob-
tuse segments, scarcely a line long, or in some instances so short that the apices might more properly be called emar-
ginate ; the margins of the frond are constantly flat and entire : — from both sides of the midrib spring ramifications of
it, separated from each other by short intervals, and running in a patent direction, simple and unbranched, to the mar-
gin of the membrane : these to the naked eye look like the pellucid veins so remarkable in F. ruscifolius.

Fructification, of two kinds, placed on different individuals ; the one consisting of sessile, spherical capsules,
of a deep-red color, many times smaller than poppy-seed, and containing a mass of extremely minute seeds ; the other
of scattered, naked, dark-red seeds, appearing under the microscope composed of three parts : — both these kinds of
fruit are sometimes situated upon the branches themselves, the tubercles solitary upon the midrib near the apex of the
frond, the naked seeds upon the membrane at the very apices clustered into small oblong patches, and sometimes
grow on minute, lanceolate processes, hardly a line long, which grow without order out of different parts of the mid-
rib, some solitary, others two or three together, and are apparently designed by nature for no other purpose, as they
fall off after the seeds are perfected.

Color, of the membrane, a most beautiful deep rose-red, transparent, turning darker and taking a blood-red tinge
from drying; of the midrib a rich scarlet, not uncommonly almost black at the base, and towards the summits of the
same color as the membrane : in decay the whole plant becomes of a dirty, sandy, or greenish color.

Substance, cartilaginous in the midrib, extremely thin and tender in the membrane.

The variety (3 agrees entirely in its mode of growth with a, but has its branches twice as wide, and some of them
almost half an inch in width : the margins, also, are minutely undulated, and the color is a blood-red.

The variety y is completely the reverse of the foregoing one ; the membranous part of the frond is always extremely
narrow, and generally altogether wanting, or visible only here and there in small scattered fragments : the midrib is
thicker than in the other varieties, and the habit unlike them : it sometimes rises to the height of more than nine
inches.

Obs. In drying it adheres to paper.

The nearest affinities of this beautiful and elegant Fucus are jF. Hypoglossum and JP. ruscifolius, from both which
it differs so essentially, and so obviously in its form and mode of growth, that there can be no necessity for pointing out
more fully than is done in the specific characters the means of distinguishing them. It is remarkable that in F. alatus, as
in F. sinuosus, the midrib appears never to be proliferous, except in case of injury, and in the instance of the processes
that produce the fruit, which I have never seen, as in the latter species, lengthen into branches. The circumstance
of the capsules and of the scattered seeds being found sometimes on these processes, and sometimes on the frond
itself, has induced Mr. Stackhouse to call the fruit trimorphous. F. alatus seems to be a species always easily dis-
tinguished, and subject to but few variations in its form or mode of growth ; indeed to none which materially disguise it,
excepting only the var. y above described, which is so widely dissimilar to the common appearance of the species, that
many botanists have been induced to regard it as distinct ; and it is far from certain that they are not right, though I
can at present see no sufficient reason to induce me to accede to their opinion. This variety is found in great abun-
dance by Mr. Brodie, who describes it as constant in its form and mode of growth. Its great size and abundant fruc-
tification forbid the supposition entertained by Gmelin of its being only in an early stage of its existence, while the
vigor and luxuriance of its shoots render equally improbable any idea of the membrane having been carried away by
injury ; nor can its peculiar habit be ascribed to the northern latitudes it inhabits, as the Icelandic specimens, one of
which is figured in the Flora Danica, have a membrane as broad as those found in Devonshire or Cornwall, This
variety, at first sight, seems more allied to F. glandulosu; or F. coccineus than to jF. alatus.

a. jF. alatus, natural size.

b. part of the frond, with scattered setiJs on the ob-

long-processes, magnified - - - - 6.

t. one of the oblong processes - - - - 4.

d. seed - - - - - - _ j

e. part of the frond, with scattered seeds on the end

of. the branches - - - - 6,

f. part of the frond, with tubercles on the oblong

processes - - - - -6.

g. one of the oblong processes - - - - 4,

h. part of var. /3, natural size.

i. portion of the same, magnified - - - -6.
k, part of var. y, natural size.

1. portion of the same, magnified - - - -6.

62

161. — F UCUS BULBOSUS.

Fucus bulbosus, root hollow, swollen into a bulb, rough all over : stipes coriaceous flat, twisted once at its origin,
its margins undulated in the lower part, its apex expanded into a single, cartilaginous, flat, nerveless leaf, entire
at its margins, deeply cleft into numerous ensiform, mostly simple, segments : oblong seeds immersed in the mar-
gins of the stipes.

Fucus bulbosus. Fl. Ang. p. 579. Linn. TransAll. p. 153. Syn. Fuc. II. p. 212.. Esper, Ic. Fuc.ll

p. 24. t. 123. Eng. Bot. XXV. t. 1760.
F. polyschides. Fl. Scot. II. p. 936. With. IV. p. 97. Ner. Brit. p. 6. t. 4.
F. palmaius. Gmelin, Hist. Fuc. p. 202. t. 30. (excl. syn. plurimis.)
F. bifurcatus. Gunner, Fl. Norv. I. p. 96.
F. bicornis. Gmelin, Hist. Fuc. p. 192.

F. arboreus, polyschides, caule piano, et tortuoso. Reaumur, in Act. Gall. 1712. p. 21. t. 1. f. 1.
Ulva bulbosa. FL Fr. Ed. 2da. II. p. 16.

In the Northern Ocean and the Mediterranean. Gmelin. — On the Scotch coast, but not plentifully ; at the Island
of Iona. Lightfoot. — At Lossiemouth, on the North-east coast of Scotland. Mr. Brodie. — Shores of Corn-
wall, everywhere. Hudson. — Bantry Bay. Miss Hutchins. — Eastern coast of France. Decandolle.

Perennial.

Root, tuberiform, globular, or oblong, varying in size from that of a crow's egg to that of a child's head, or some-
times, according to Stackhouse, attaining to the size of a very large turnip, of a hard thick substance, blackish, inter-
nally hollow, externally thickly beset all over with flattish horizontal fibres, or papillae of the same color as the root,
from one to two lines long, and scarcely less wide, their apices slightly dilated, by means of which they adhere so
firmly to the rocks, as often to defy the strength of a man to tear them up : these fibres also give the root a singularly
echinated appearance.

Fronds, generally solitary, but sometimes growing two or three together, rising with a flat stipes always once
twisted immediately adjoining the root, but afterwards straight, from half a foot to a foot or more long, three or four
inches wide at the base, and having its margins there remarkably undulated and fimbriated, but growing gradually
more narrow and less undulated as it rises, till at ite apices it is quite flat, and scarcely an inch in width : some-
times also it continues about this width, and perfectly linear for half its length ; the fimbriated margins of the stipes,
though thick and coriaceous, are of a different substance from the central part, and more thin ; at its top the stipes
expands suddenly into a single flat leaf, wholly destitute of veins or midrib, of an oblong or semicircular form, of
various diameter from one to ten feet, cleft in a palmate manner into ensiform or acinaciform segments, of which the
number differs in different specimens, some having not more than six, others twenty, of these some are simple, others
again palmate, and others divided in an irregular manner, as if accidentally torn ; the apices, too, are sometimes ob-
tuse, and sometimes acute ; the margins are always quite entire ; the surface smooth and even : — the plant in its ear-
liest stage of growth differs so materially from the appearance it has when full grown, that scarcely any botanist, who
had seen only a single specimen of each, would regard them as the same ; the stem of the young plant is narrow and
linear, destitute of the fimbriated margin, but always at the distance of a few lines from the base dilated, and again
suddenly narrowed, so as to look, when dry, as if it had there an umbrella- shaped process ; the leaf is membranaceous^
extremely thin, plentifully perforated all over with very minute pores, out of which issue pencils of whitish fibres ; its
shape is between linear and oblong, it is sometimes not cleft deeper than the middle, sometimes only bipartite, in one
specimen communicated to me by Miss Hutchins, which is a foot and half long, is perfectly undivided.

Fructification, generally confined to the fimbriated margins of the frond, but sometimes occupying the whole
stipes, or even spreading in broad irregular patches over the lower part of the leaf ; the parts where it is situated
generally swell to double their usual thickness, and undergo such a change that their whole surface is turned into a
mass of * linear, or oblong, whitish, pellucid seeds, placed in a parallel and vertical direction, together with a profu-
sion of white simple fibres, and not covered by any epidermis :— if the plant be kept any considerable time in fresh
water, the seeds and fibres, which are formed into an uniform mass, and kept adhering to the frond by a colorless
mucus, gradually roll back and peel off.

•f Color, a deep olive-green, with a greater or less mixture of brown, opaque, glossy, as if varnished ; blackish,
when dry, and then devoid of gloss.

Substance, thick, coriaceous in the root and stipes, cartilaginous in the leaf, everywhere tough and flexible.

Obs. In drying the whole plant becomes twisted and rigid, and by no means adheres to paper : — I received some
time ago a specimen from Mrs. Griffiths, over the surface of which, both in the stem and leaf, were scattered warts
of a similar appearance and nature to those observable in F. subfuscus, and other species.

The

* In the specimens examined both by Mr. Sowerby and myself, the appearance of these seeds has been uniform throughout; but Mr. Brodie,
who has observed them recent, says, they are then always transparent at one end : he very aptly compares a section of the frond in fruit under
the microscope to a section of a Syngenesious flower, with the seeds protruding from the receptacle among the bristly pappus.

t Mr. Brodie's observations upon the color of F. bulbosus in Scotch specimens,- do not exactly accord with what L noticed in Cornwall : he
says, " the color of the whole plant is light- brown, (no red in any part of it ;) the furbelow somewhat darker, and its narrow welting round the
edge a yellow white." The following remarks made by him on a number of fresh specimens for my nse are too accurate not to be recorded :
" the whole plant, when expanded, occupies nearly the whole of a circle of thirty-two inches diameter, from the centre of which, the leaves,
as rays, extend themselves in about eighteen divisions : these are again divided and subdivided, so as to form about 60 acute endings at the
disk, towards which they become gradually thinner in substance : the rays occnpy the whole of the circumference, except about twenty-four
inches at the bottom : the furbelows are from one and a half to two inches deep, gradually decreasing as they rise to within three inches of
the centre.

161.— FUCUS BULBOSUS. 63

The size to which this Fucus not unfrequently attains is so immensely great, that it in this respect far exceeds any
other. species found upon the shores of the British Isles, and well deserves the names of F. giganteus and F. arboreus,
which some earlier writers have bestowed upon it. The author of the Nereis Britannica, whose long residence upon
the coast of Cornwall afforded him the most favourable opportunities of observing it, confirms the observation of
Lightfoot, that it sometimes grows so large that a single specimen is a sufficient load for a man's shoulders, and adds,
that it is of no small importance as an article of manure, and is both in Cornwall and the Scilly Isles burned into kelp.
Whether Gmelin's remark, that the inhabitants of the Southern Ocean employ its leaves instead of paper to wrap their
sugars in, is equally accurate, may, with justice, admit of some doubt ; particularly as he does not say upon whose au-
thority this assertion rests, and it is certain that a great part of the synonyms quoted by him belong to F. palmatus.
The singularity of the root of F. bulbosus, the flatness of its stem, the twisted manner in which this stem rises, and
its furbelowed margin are circumstances too characteristic of the plant to leave any doubt of its being perfectly distinct ;
although many modern authors, and all the older ones appeared to have confounded it with F. digitatus, which in
other respects it closely resembles. The suggestion of some French naturalists, mentioned by Decandolle, whether
it may not be really a monstrosity of the latter species, would not require to be noticed, were it not that the passing of
it in silence might probably lead those who are unacquainted with the plants themselves to suppose it possible. No
man who has once seen them will ever do so. I should wish to hint, for the observation of those botanists who live
near the rocks on which F. bulbosus grows, whether the tubular radicles or fibres with which the bulbous base is beset
do not in their use, as well as appearance, resemble what Pennant calls the tentacula of the Asterias, and enable it to
fix itself in the same manner. Mr. Brodie once found a specimen, in which the bulb, independently of these, had
thrown out a few, solid, palmated, root-like fibres, by means of which it had embraced F. digitatus, on which it grew.
The fructification of this plant, after having long remained unknown, was detected by Mr. J. D. Sowerby, at the same
time with that of F. esculentus, which it resembles, except in the presence of the fibres and different shape of the
seeds. An opportunity of consulting Gunner's figure of his F. bifurcatus in the Acta Nidrosetisia, subsequently to
fhe publication of the Synopsis of the Bi'itish Fuci, has convinced me of the accuracy of the suspicion there men-
tioned, that that plant is nothing more than the present in an early stage of growth ; and I have also so little doubt of
Gmelin's F. bicornis being the same, that I have ventured above to quote them both as synonyms.

a. F. bulbosus, natural size.

b. section of the frond, in fruit, magnified - 6.

c. part of the same - - - - 3.

d. seeds and fibres - - •• - ] ,

161. — F UCUS BULBOSUS.

Fucus, radice inflato-bulbosa, exasperata : stipite coriaceo, piano, semel ad ortum torto, rriarginibus iiifenie undu-
latis, apice expanso in folium, unicum, cartilagineuni, planum, enerve, integerrimum, in segmenta plurima ensi-
formia simpliciuscula profunde fissum : seminibus oblongis, stipitis in marginibus immersis.

Fucus bulbosus. Fl. Aug. p. 579- Linn. Trans. III. p. 153. Syn. Fuc. II. p. 212. Esper, Tc. Fuc. II.
p. 24. t. 123. Eng. Bot. XXV. t. 1760.

F. polyschides. Ft. Scot. It. p. 936. With. IV. p. 97. Ner. Brit. p. (7. t. 4.

F. palmatus. Gmelin, Hist. Fuc. p. 202. t. 30. (excl. syn. plurimis.)

F. bifurcatus. Gunner, Fl. Norv. I. p. 96.

Fl. bicornis. Gmelin, Hist. Fuc. p. 192.

F. arboreus, polyschides, caule piano, et tortuoso. Reaumur, in Act. Gall. 1712. p. 21. t. 1. f 1.
Viva bulbosa. Fl. Fr. Ed. Ida. II. p. 16.

Habitat in Oceano Septentrionali et Mediterraneo. Gmelin. — Scotias [ad oras, nec tamen "copiose ; apud Iti-
sulam Ionam. Lightfoot.— In littore Cornubiensi, passim. Hudson.— Apud Lossiemouth, in Scotia Septen-
trionali. D. Brodie— In sinu " Bantry-Bay." D«« Hutchins.— Galliae ad oras oceano objectas. Decan-
dolle. J

Ferennis.

Radix tuberifbrmis, globosa, vel oblonga, magnitudme nunc ovi cor'vini, nunc infafttis capitis, et nunc, teste Stack-
housio, rapi maximi, nigricans, substantia! durae, crassse, intus cava, extrinsecus ubique dense obsita fibris, seu pa-
pilhs, horizontahbus, planiusculis, concoloribus, lineam imam alteramve longis, et vix minus latis, apicibus lenitci
dilatatis, per quos planta adeo tenacissime rupibus adhasret, ut saepe hominis vires ad divellendam sint impares ; lite
quoque librae radici dant faciem insigniter echinatami.

Fron des

64

161.— FUCUS BULBOSUS.

Frondes plerumque solitariae, rarius binae, aut etiam terna?, instructae stipite piano, semper semel ad ipsum ortunt
torto, exinde recto, longitudine semipedali, pedali, et ultra, latitudine, qua radici est proximus, tri- quadri- pollicari,
marginibusque ibi insigniter undulatis fimbriatisque, mox sensim angustato et minus undulato, donee ad apicem fit
omnind planus et vix pollicem latus ; interdum etiam ita per dimidiam fer& longitudinem ubique linearis cernitur ;
stipitis margines fimbriati substantiae sunt ab ea centri diversae et tenuioris, sed hi quoque crassi atque coriacei ; stipes
ad apicem illico explanatur in folium (frondem, si mavis, appelles) unicum, planum, nervi venarumque prorsus ex-
pers, peripheric oblongum aut circuli dimidium exhibens, nunc unius nunc decern pedum diametro, ad ipsam fere
basin palmatim fissum in segmenta ensiformia, seu acinaciformia, quorum numerus in diversis exemplaribus a sex ad
viginti variatur, ha3c simplicia, ilia iterilm palmata, aut aliquando vage divisa, quasi casu laciniata, apicibus nunc ob-
tusis, nunc acutis, marginibus semper integerrimis, superficie laevi, aequali : — planta junior ab adulta adeo usque dis-
crepat, ut nemo fere, (unico mod6 utriusque exemplare viso) pro eadem agnosceret ; stipes tunc angustus atque linea-
ris, margine fimbriate nullo, sed semper spatio aliquot linearum a basi dilatatus atque illico rursiis attenuates, ut in ex-
siccata processu umbraculiformi instructus videatur ; folium membranaceum, tenuissimum, poris minutissimis, e qui-
bus fibrarum albicantium penicilli exeunt, copiose pertusum, lineari-oblongum, interdum non profundiils quam ad
medium fissum, interdum tantummodd bipartitum, et in uno exemplare a D"a Hutchins communicate, cujus longitudo
sesquipedem aequat, prorsus indivisum.

Fructificatio plerumque in stipitis mod6 marginibus fimbriatis posita, sed interdum totum stipitem foliique
basin occupans, qui tunc intumescunt et sunt solito fer& duplo crassiores, mutanturque ita ut superficies tota constet e
seminibus *lineari-oblongis, albicantibus, pellucidis, parallelis, interjectis fibris copiosissimis, parallelis, verticalibus,
albis, simplicibus, epidermide coopertis nulla : — si stirps diutius aequo in aqua dulci retineatur, semina et fibrae, qua?
per viscum quendam concolorem frondi affixa adhaerent et massam uniformem effingunt, sensim revoluta deglubuntur
atque aufugiunt.

Color, intense olivaceo-viridis, fusco plus minus immixtus, nitens quasi vernice obductus, opacus; exsiccates, ni-
gricans et nitoris expers.

Substantia crassa, in radice et stipite coriacea, in folio cartilaginea, ubique lenta atque tenax.

Obs Per desiccationem tota planta tortuosa fit et rigida, et chartae nequaquam adhaeret : — exemplar a D11* Griffiths
olim accepi, stipitis foliique superficie sparsim obsita verrucis, quarum forma faciesque externa eas in F. subfusco Fu-
cisque aliis observandas referebant, et quae dissectae ejusdem cum reliqua fronde substantiae videbantur.

In talem solet hie Fucus excrescere molem, qualis longe superat alios omnes nostrorum littorum incolas, efficitque
ut bene mereat, quod a Botanicis quibusdam antiquioribus accepit, F. arborei vel F. gigantei nomen. De hoc testes
habemus oculatos Flora Scoticts Nereidisque Britannicae auctores, ade6 immensae molis esse plantam ut quandoque
vix humeris sustinenda sit, adjungitque Stackhousius in occidentali Angliae parte, gratum opus agricolis, stercoris vice
fungi, et in insulis Cassiteridum sal kali, kelp vulgo dictum, ex eodem confici. Eadem fere habet Gmelinus, qui in-
super his adjungit, Oceani Meridionalis accolas, uti foliis, quoniam substantiae sunt lentae et coriaceae, loco chartae, ad
saccharum amiciendum. Cum tamen ille silentio transeat cujus fide hoc memorat, forsan, et quidem verisimillim^,
est dictum de F. palmato, quem respiciunt plurima e synonymis ab ipso sub F. bulboso nostro citata, vel de F. digi-
tato, quem cum eodem commiscet. F. bulbosi radix, dissimilis illi aliorum Fucorum et hujus mod6 propria, stipes
planus, semel semper ad ortum et nunquam postea tortus, marginesque hujus stipitis fimbriati characteres speciei
nimis certos nimisque manifestos suppeditant ut dubitet aliquis an revera a F. digitato discrepet, cujus est in caeteris
simillimus, et quocum omnes antiqui et aliqui inter hodiernos botanicos conjunxerunt. Refert cl. Decandollius cujus-
dam suae gentis sententiam, fieri posse ut F. bulbosus neque in specierum neque in varietatum numerum recipi debeat,
et sit tantummodo lusus, quod aiunt, naturas, ad F. digitatum reapse pertinens. Hanc ego sententiam, quantumvis a
ratione abhorrentem, sub silentio praetermittere nolui, ne sint qui iconibus descriptionibusque nisi, plantis ipsis nun-
quam visis, fide aliqua dignam crederent. Quaerant velim botanici, littorum in quibus F. bulbosus nasci solet, incolae,
annon fibraa illae tubulosae, radicem bulbosam undique obsidentes, asteriarum tentacula, tam usu, quam facie, referant,
efficiantque ut stirps semet eadem ratione rupibus affigat. Reperit olim Brodiaeus exemplar, cujus bulbus, praster
hosce tubulos, radiculas aliquot solidas palmatas emiserat, quas circum F. digitatum., cui est agnatus, arete impli-
cuerat. Diu incompertus latuit hujus speciei fructus, quem denique Dni J. D. Sowerbaei acumen detexit. Eodem
ille tempore detexit F. esculenti fructificalionem, similem illius F. bulbosi, nisi quod fibris careat seminumque forma
aliquantum discrepet. Edita jam Fucorum Britannicorum Synopsi, in quo suspicari me sum professus, F. bif 'urcatum.
Gunnerianum nihil esse aliud nisi F. bulbosi junioris exemplar, obtulit sese occasio videndi illius stirpis in Actis Ni-
drosiensibus iconem, quae scrupulos omnes exemit ; neque magis dubito quin sit idem F. bicornis Gmelini, quare
utrumque pro synonymis indubiis supra citare sustinui.

a. F. bulbosus, magn. nat.

b. frondis fructifera dissects, pars, magn. auct. 6.

c. ejusdem portio - - - - - 3.

d. semina et fibres - - - - - 1.

* Semina in exemplaribus a Sowerbaeo et a me ipso lustratis facieni ubique uniformem obtulerunt; sed D. Brodiaeus, qui recentia micros-
copio subjecit, liinc pellucida, sicut ilia F. esculenti, vidit. Idem aptissime componit frondem fructiferam dissectam et lente auctam flori alicui e
Classe Ldnnaeana, Syngenesia, similiter secto, cujus semina inter pappum setaceum e receptaculo emicant.

162.— F UCUS DIGITATUS.

65

JPucas, radice fibrosa : stipite ligneo, terete, apice expanso in folium unicum, cartilagineum, planum, enerve, sub-

rotundum intewerrimum, in segmenta plurima ensiformia simpliciuscula profunde fissum.
Fucus digitatus. Linn. Mant. p. 134. Syst. Nat. II. p. 718. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II. p. 1388, FL

Dan t 392. Fl. Ang. p. 579. Fl. Scot. II. p. 935. With. IV. p. 98. Linn. Trans. III. p. 152. Ner.

Brit. p. 5. t. 3. Sun. Fuc. II. p. 207. Esper, Ic. Fuc. I. p. 99- t. 48, 49- (excl. syn. Gmel. et Reaum.)

Roth. Fl. Germ. ill. p. 447. IV. Lus. II. p. 437.
F. hyperboreus. Fl. Norv. I. p. 34. t. 3.
F. arboreus polyschides edulis. Raii Syn. p. 46. n. 31.
F.maximus potyschides. Parkinson, p. 1292. t. 5. f. 2.
Ulva digitata. Fl. Fr. Ed. Ida. II. p. l6.

Habitat in Oceano Septentrionali, Sueciae, Norvegiae, Britanniarum, Lusitanise, et Galliae ad oras.
Perennis.

Radix callus conicus, subtus cavus, divisus in fibras plurimas, bi- tri- pollicares, penna corvina crassiores, rigidas,
nigricantes, lignosas, radiatlm dispositas, multifidas, supra convexas, subtus longitudinaliter caualiculatas, ortu sub-
horizontales, mox defiexas, apicibusque incurvis aded tenaciter saxa quibus innascuntur prehendentes, ut sa'pe hominis
vis ad divellendas impar deficiat.

Frons solitaria, stipite assurgens pedali, vel bi- tri- pedali, aut etiam ultra, erecto, indiviso, solido, nunc pennae
anserinse, nunc *baculi ambulatorii magnitudine, ubique filiformi, et pariter ubique terete, nisi quod ipsum sub apicem
fiat compressus, ubi illic6 sese expandit in folium unicum, planum, subrotundum, vel fiabelliforme, nervi venarumque
prorsus expers, longitudine saepe quatuor pedes, latitudine saepe duos superans, ipsam fere ad basin enormiter fissum
in lacinias plurimas ensiformes, has simplices, illas bifurcas, aut etiam semel iterumve vage dichotomas, quarum mar-
gines integerrimi, apices acuminati, sed rar6 illaesi detegendi : — laciniarum numero mire ludunt diversa hujus Fuci ex-
emplaria ; sunt enim cum viginti, sunt cum decern, et sunt tantummodo cum duabus ; neque minus inter se discrepare
solent harum laciniarum latitudo, in eodem individuo incerta, et nunc duos pollices nunc vix totidem lineas aequans ;
folii etiam basis formam ostendit in his lanceolatam, in illis reniformem, plerumque inter utramque anibigentem ; oc-
curruntque interdum specimina vix infra medium fissa.

•f-Fructificatio hactenus latet.

Color junioris dilute, adultcz intense olivaceus, fusco plus minus tinctus, opacus, in folio nitens quasi vernice ob-
ductus ; exsiccatcc fuscus, absque nitore ; soli diu objects albus.

Substantia in stipite lignosa, in folio cartilaginea, lenta, et tenax.

Obs. Stipitem undique obsidere solet Fucorum minorum Confervarumque densa messis: — planta per desicca-
tionem rigida et tortuosa evadit, chartasque non adhaeret : stipes tunc longitudinaliter fit sulcatus, neque unquam postea
formam laevem teretem recuperat: — folium in aqua dulsi immersum visci pellucidi plurimum efTundit : — Patella
pellucida, quod mirum, observante Dna Hutchins, non rar6 sub hujus Fuci radicis conicae cavo sepulta reperitur,
inde certe nunquam semet extricatura.

Cum Fucorum Pritannicorum Sunopsin ederem, dubitare me sum professus, rectiiisne pro una an pro duabus
speciebus haberentur F. digitatus et F. saccharinus, pigetque admodum fateri me nihil in praesens vidisse quod has
dubitationes eximere valeat. Non me equidem fugit botanicum quemlibet, unico modo utriusque exemplare viso,
statim pro distinctis praedicaturum, crediturumque uullo modo fieri posse ut hujus frons oblonga simplex in illius sub-
rotundum multipartitum mutaretur. Quis autem, in Algis investigandis tantillum versatus, nescit non esse per unum
alterumve exemplar de Fucis dijudicandum ? quod, si in aliis verum, in duobus quos nunc tractamus verissimum ;
quorum viderunt plurimi botanici, ad littora ubi hi Fuci reperiuntur commorati, specimina ita inter utrumque ambi-
gentia, ut iinpossibile sit dictu utri rectius referrentur. Radice, stipite, habitu, colore, structura, et facie hae stirpes
inter se consentiunt, dissimiles modo in forma. frondis; quae etiam in primo aetatis stadio ambabus est eadem, ut nullum
prorsus per quod dignoscantur tunc intersit discrimen, quum F. digitafi, non minus quam jF. saccharini, folium ob-
longuui est et simplex. Quin etiam, quum adoleverit astas, non omnia F. digitati specimina formam speciei propriam
pariter cito induunt, sed aliqua in magnam molem immutata excrescunt ; et quum tandem folium in segmenta fin-
ditur, ita enormiter divisum plerumque conspicimus, ut potius casu laceratum quam natura multipartitum videatur.
Huic favent sententiae laciniarum margines, attentius intuenti, inaequales et inconcinni. F. digitati fructificationem
nemo hactenus vidit, et nemo, quod scio, frondem bullatam, sicut saspe in F. saccharino accidere solet. Miror sane,
similitudine inter hos duos Fucos praetervisa, tot botanicos F. digitatiim F. bulboso conjungendum censuisse, quos
distinctissimos tantajam sub hoc memorata discrimina ostendunt, ut de hac re ne dubitationis umbrula maneat.

Vol. III. K Commiscuit

* Nesatoptimns Rothinsf/"/. Germ. 111. p. 448.) raiilem tantsr ciassitiei et magnitudinis iinquain producere, at crrte fallitnr.

+ Credunt Rothiiis Stackhousiusqne se F. digitati fVuCtum detexisse, sed utramque in hoc falli suspicor. Rothitis dicit, " Fructificationes
in disco laciniarum substantia; immersae, plicis porisque muciHuis sese manifestantes." Stackhousius ; " Fructifcatio in vesiculis tenuibus con-
tinetur, qua- qnidem varite magnitudinis et forma; infoliorum stipetticie produCuntnr ; liquor intus gelatinosns sine granulis conspicuis." — Ad-
juragit raos idem, " the papilla? perforated at top are often discoverable in tiiis species, and particularly after the seeds are shed, even in dry
specimens; but the seeds are too minute to be observed, unless in the form of small blackish dust, under a high magnifier." Unam haruni pa-
pillarum abipso ad me benevole missam haec tabula exhi.be t) sed neque in like neque in specimiae vesiculjfcro, quod etiam ab ipso accepi, ali-
^uid fruclfcs simile detegere potius.

66

i 62. — F UCUS DIGITATUS.

Commiscuit tamen ipse Gmelinus, qui alioquin stirpem tarn vulgarem quam jF. digitatum nunquam immemoratum
praetermisisset ; et ex eadem radice ortos delineavit Parkinsonus. Certe sunt natura maxime affines, et affinis quoque
est F. digitatus F. radiato et F. buccinali, ab hoc per stipitem solidum foliumque nequaquam pinnatum, ab illo per
texturam crassam frondisque margines integerrimos facillime dignoscendus. Accepi aliquot abhinc annis F . digitati
exemplar, forma insigniter ab usitata abludens, cujus frons, quatuor licet pedes longitudine superet, haud duos est
pollices lata, et profundissime in segmenta tantummodo duo, linearia, saepius dichotoma finditur. Vidi etiam aliquot
specimina, quorum segmenta, caeteroquin libera, apicibus connexis coaluerant, atque illico rursus dilatata in novam
sunt expansa frondem, inferiori similem, sed duplo crassiorem. Talis crescendi modus, uti satis est notum, F. saccha-
rini est proprius, sed in jF. digit ato rarissime, nisi fallor, occurrit. JJnum hujus speciei individuum, quod Dni Bing-
ham benevolentiae debeo, stipitem habet juxta apicem bifurcum, utroque segmento folium digitatum ferente. In lit—
toribus ubi hie Fucus abundat egregii est usus ad agros pinguefaciendos, aut ad salem alcalinum, Kelp dictum, con-
iiciendum. Memorat etiam Gunnerus, qui optimam ejus descriptionem tradidit, frondem et caules juniores coctos in
Norlandia dari pecoribus ; imm6 caulem coctum interdum, ut fertur, ab hominibus edi ; caules siccatos, praesertim
in Lofoten et Vesteraalen, foco ; putrefactos agris laetificandis, sicut apud nos, inservire : adjungit quoque, inter Lap-
ponum esse superstitiones, Bacchantes caulibus loco fustium uti, et sagis, ut fabula habet, mari inequitantibus et algis
lindique vestitis, olim eosdem caules thyrsi loco inservire.

a. F. digitatus, exemplar pusillum, magn. nat.

b. exemplaris, quale plerumque occurrit, stipes ho~

rizoiitaliter dissectus, magn. nat.

c. ejusdem pars, magn. auct. - - - - 5,

d. stipitis longitudinaliter dissecti portio - - 1.

e. frondis pars a Stackhousio missce, cum tuberculis

(fortuitis't ) - - - - - - 6.

f. utium e tuberculis - ° - - - ■? 3,

165— F UCUS DIGITATUS.

67

Facus digitatus, root fibrous : stipes woody, cylindrical, expanded at its apex into a single, cartilaginous, flat, nerve-
less roundish leaf, quite entire at its margins, deeply cleft into numerous, ensiform, mostly simple segments.

Fucus digitatus. Linn. Mant. p. 134. Syst. Nat. II. p. 718. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel.ll. p. 1388. Fl.
Dan. t. 392. Fl. Aug. p. 579- Fl. Scot. II. p. 935. With. IV. p. 98. Linn. Trans. III. p. 152.
Ner.' Brit. p. 5. t. 3. Syn. Fuc. II. p. 207. Esper, Ic. Fnc. I. p. 99. t. 48, 49- (excl. syn. Gmel. et
Reaiim.) Roth, Fl. Germ. III. p. 447. Fl. Lus. II. p. 437.

F. hyperboreus. Fl. Norv. I. p. 34. t. 3.

jF. arbor eus polyschides edulis. Raii Syn. p. 46. n, 31.

F. maximus polyschides. Parkinson, p. 1292. t. 5. f. 2.

Ulva digitata. FL Fr. Ed. <lda. II. p. 16.

In the northern ocean, on the coasts of Sweden, Norway, the British Isles and France :— also on the coast of Por-
tugal. Br otero.

Perennial.

Root, conical, hollow beneath, divided into numerous, blackish, rigid, woody fibres, from two to three inches
long, and thicker than a crow's quill, disposed in a radiated manner, multifid, convex in their upper and longitudi-
nally channelled in their under surface, horizontal at their origin, afterwards bent downwards, and adhering so firmly
to the rocks by their incurved apices, that the strength of a man is often insufficient to tear them up.

Frond, solitary, rising with a stipes from one to three feet, or even more long, erect, undivided, solid, varying in
thickness from that of a swan's quill to that of a common walking stick,* of equal size throughout, and every where
cylindrical, except that it becomes compressed immediately under its apex, where it suddenly expands into a single,
roundish, or flabelliform leaf, wholly destitute of veins or midrib, often four feet long, and one or two wide, divided
down to the very base into a number of ensiform lacinia?, some simple, others forked, or even once or twice irregu-
larly dichotomous, all quite entire at their margins, and acuminated at their apices, where, however, they are seldom
found uninjured : — different specimens vary extremely in the number of these laciniae, some having as many as twenty,
while others have not more than two, and the width of them is also most uncertain, as they may sometimes be found,
even in the same individual, from two lines to as many inches wide : the form of the base of the leaf varies through
every gradation from lanceolate to reniform ; and specimens are occasionally met with, that are not divided lower
down than the middle.

Fructification, at present unknown.

Color, a pale olive-green in young specimens, but darker in old ones, more or less tinged with brown, opaque,
glossy, as if varnished, in the leaf ; brown, and destitute of gloss, when dry 5 turning to a horny white from long ex-
posure to the sun.

Substance,}: of the stem woody, of the leaf cartilaginous, thick, tough, and flexible.

Obs. The stem of this plant is generally found covered with a profusion of the smaller Fuci and Confervae : in
drying it becomes longitudinally furrowed, and never afterwards recovers its smooth polished surface : — the plant,
when dry, does not adhere in the least to paper : — on immersion in fresh water, the leaf discharges a quantity of pel-
lucid slimy mucus : — Miss Hutchins has remarked that the delicate Patella pellucida is not unfrequently found
buried under the cavity formed by the root of this Fucus, which seems impossible to have happened, unless the plant
originally grew upon it.

In the Synopsis of the British Fuci I have expressed my doubts how far F. digitatus and F. saccharinus are
really distinct, and I am sorry to say, that since that time I have never been able to satisfy myself upon the subject.
I am aware that any botanist, viewing only single specimens of each, would be at no loss to pronounce them speci-
fically different, and would say that the oblong undivided frond of the one could scarcely by any accident be changed
into the roundish multipartite leaf of the other : yet it is nevertheless certain, that intermediate specimens are not un-
commonly found, and that those naturalists, who reside near the places of growth of these plants, and have, consequently,
the most favorable opportunities for examining them, feel themselves least able to decide the question. The root,
the stem, the habit, the structure, the color, and the appearance of both are the same, and in their earliest stage the
form also of the frond is similar, so that there seems no difference whatever between them ; for F. digitatus, like F.

saccharinus,

* Dr. Roth denies (in his Flora Germanka, IK. p. 443.) that it ever attains to such a size, but he is certainly in error.

t Both Dr. Roth and Mr. Stackhouse describe the fruit of F. digitatus, but I cannot help doubting whether what either of them has taken
for it, is true fructification : the former speaks of it, as immersed in the substance of the laeiniae, and shewing itself by plica; and mucifluous
pores; the latter says it consists of thin inflated pellicles of various forms, produced without order on the surface ; but the mucus within has
no apparent granules: he adds, in another place, " the papilla; perforated at top are often discoverable in this species, and particularly after
the seeds are shed, even in dry specimens; but the seeds are too minute to be observed, unless in the form of small blackish dust, under a high
magnifier." Ner. Brit. Pre/, p. 33. — Specimens, both of this bullated appearance, and with papilla;, Mr. Stackhouse was so good as to send me
before the publication of the Synopsis of the British. Fuci, where I have mentioned my inability to find seeds in them. Of the latter kind I have
figured a small piece in this plate.

% The texture of the stem of F. digitatus is a curions microscopical object, and may possibly serve to throw some light upon the physiology
of the Fuci ; it is composed of longitudinal, parallel, jointed, colorless fibres, forming a very hard and solid mass, and disposed in concentric
circles, but whether these mark the age of the specimen or not, I have no idea. Round the circumference is a narrow circle of a different
color and substance, full of small, oblong, longitudinal cavities.

68

162.— F UCUS DIGITATUS.

saccharimts, consists at that time only of a lanceolate, or oblong, simple, stipitate leaf. Eren in more advanced spe-
cimens the difficulty of determining them is sometimes considerable; as F. digitatus does not change its form equally
soon in every individual, and, though its leaf becomes gradually divided, the divisions are, as above mentioned, most
irregular, and their edges, if examined carefully, are found to be so uneven, that they appear rather to have been
torn by accident than to have been the effect of a natural separation. The fruit of F. digitatus has not yet been dis-.
covered, nor has the plant, I believe, ever been found with that bullated appearance that is often so remarkable in F.
saccharinus. It is not a little extraordinary, that the possibility of these two species being the same should have
been almost universally overlooked, and that so many botanists should have confounded F. digitatus and F. bulbosus,
of the essential difference between which there is not the shadow of a doubt. Even Gmelin must have done so, or
otherwise he would surely never have omitted so common a species as the present. Parkinson goes so far as to
figure them both growing from the same root. F. digitatus is also nearly allied to F. radiatus and F. buccinalis,
already figured in this work ; but is immediately distinguishable from the former by its thick substance and entire
margins, and from the latter, by its solid cylindrical stem, and by its leaf never affecting a pinnated mode of ramifica-
tion. I received many years ago from Portsmouth a very remarkable specimen, the frond of which is of a linear
form, and, though above four feet long, is only divided near the base into two equal, narrow, repeatedly diehotomous
segments. I have also seen a few individuals with the segments connected together at the top, and then suddenly ex-
panding into a new frond, similar in every respect to the one below it, except in being of a much thicker substance.
This circumstance, which is also noticed by Gunner, I believe, is not common ; but it tends most strongly to mark
the affinity between F. digitatus and jF. saccharinus, of which latter it is a striking character. In a single specimen,
for which I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. Bingham, the stipes is forked near the apex, and each division pro-
duces a digitate leaf. This Fucus is commonly used in the manufacturing of kelp, and is also no inconsiderable ar^
tide of manure on the coasts where it abounds ; besides which, Bishop Gunner, who has given an excellent account
of it, says, that in Nordland the stems and fronds of young specimens are boiled and given to cattle, and that the stem
is sometimes, when boiled, eaten by men ; that the dried stalks, in Lofoten and Vesteraalen, are employed as fuel ;
and are in a putrid state used, as in this island, to manure the fields.

a. F. digitatus, a very small specimen, natural size.

b. horizontal section of the stem of a common sized

specimen.

c. portion of the same, magnified - - - 5.

d. part of the stem, cut longitudinally - - 1 .

e. portion of a frond, from Mr. Stackhouse, zeith

tubercles ( accidental - - - 6.

f. one of tht tubercles - - 2U

z

163. — F UCUS SACCHARINUS.

69

Fttcus, radice fibrosa; fibris elongatis, ramosis: stipite sub-lignoso, terete, indiviso, apice expanso in folium uni-

cum, cartilagineum, planum, simplex, enerve, lineari-oblongum, integerrimum : seminibus sparsis, folio innatis.
Fucus saccharinus. Linn. Sp. PI. H. p. 1630. Syst. Nat. II. p. 718. Fl. Lapp. p. 364. Fl Suec. p.

431. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II. p. 1389. Gmemn, Hist. Fuc. p. 194. t. £8. Fl. Ang. p. 578. Fl.

Scot. II. p. 940. With. IV. p. 96. Linn. Trans. III. p. 151. Syn. Fuc. II. p. 198. Fl. Lus. II p.

437. Fl. Germ. III. p. 446. Fl. Norv. I. p. 52. Esper, Ic. Fuc. I. p. 52. t. 24. p. 112. t. 56.

Thunberg, Fl. Jap. p. 346.
Fucus longissimo latissimo crassoque folio. Rati Syn. p. 39. n. 1.
jF. latissimo crassoque folio. Moris. Hist. Ox. III. p. 646. n. 3.
13. bullatus; fronde bullata; marginibus undulatis.

F. saccharinus. Linn. Trans. III. p. 151. Syn. Fuc. II. p. 198.

F. saccharinus. Fl. Dan. t. 416. Gmelin, Hist. Fuc. t. 27. Ner. Brit. p. 31. t. 9- Eng. Bot. XX.
t. 1376.

F, saccharinus. var. Esper, Ic. Fuc. I. p. 113. t. 57.

F. latissimus et longissimus, oris crispis. Rah. Syn. p. 39- n. 1. Moris. Hist. Ox. III. p. 646. n. 3.

F, folio singulari longissimo, in medio rugoso. Moris. Hist. Ox. III. p. 646. n. 2.

F. folio singidari longissimo lato, in medio rugoso, qid balteiformis did potest. Rah. Syn. p. 39- n. I,

Ulva latissima. Linn Syst. Nat. II. p. 7 1 9-

Viva saccharina. Fl. Fr. Ed. 2rfa- II. p. 15,
y acuminatus ; fronde oblonga, sub-membranacea, acuminata.

F. saccharinus. y. Syn. Fuc. II. p. 199-

Ulva longissima. Fl. Norv. II. p. 128. t. 7.
$. latissimus; fronde lata, sub-orbiculari.

F- saccharinus. 8. Syn. Fuc. II. p 199<

Ulva maxima. Fl. Norv. II, p. 127- t. 7.

Habitat a.* una cum 0 in Oceano Septentrionali et Atlantico, Sueciae, Norvegias, Britanniarum et Galliaj ad
oras. — Ad littora Oceani laponici, vulgaris. Thunberg. — y passim in Mari Norvegico. Gunner. — Apud Dubrem.
jD. Dillwyn. — i ubique ad oras pelagicas in Norvegia. Gunner. — Inter rejectamenta maris apud Yarmouth
semel legit D. Mason.

Perennis. — Hyeme.

Radix callus conicus, subtus cavus, basi divisus in fibras plurimas, pollicares, vel sesquipollicares, filiformes,
pennae corvinae fere crassitie, juniores flavicantes et molles, adultas nigras lignosasque, radiatim dispositas, multifidas,
supra convexas, subtus longitudinaliter canahculatas, ortu sub-horizontales, mox deflexas, apicibusque incurvis, neque
tamen idcirco explanatis, saxa aut alia, quibus innascuntur, corpora marina tenacissime prehendentes.

Frons f solitaria, stipite assurgens plerumque sub-spithamaso, sed saepe pedali, et interdum sexpedali, erecto,
indiviso, pennae nunc corvinae nunc olorinas crassitie, ubique filiformi, et pariter ubique terete, nisi qu6d ipsum fiat
sub apicem compressus, ubi subito sese expandit in folium unicum, planum, indivisum, ensiforme, lineare, vel
ellipticum, nervi venarumque prorsus expers, cujus longitudo ab uno ad sex pedes, latitudo ab uno ad octo pollices
ludit ; folii basis ut plurimum leviter cordata, sed aliquando circuli majoris minorisve segmentum exhibet, aut etiam
lanceolata conspicitur ; apex, qui rarissime illaesus occurrit, nunc acutiusculus, nunc rotundatus ; margines nunquam
non integerrimi, aliquantum tamen undulati, nec infrequenter casu hie illic erosi : — reperiuntur baud rar6 exemplaria
(quale icon nostra a delineatum exhibet) quorum folia ad minus majusve a ba«i intervallum ita contrahuntur ut pars
inferior pyriformis evadat, superior vero in figurae solitas frondem producitur, de quo subtus pluribus est disserendum.

Fructific atio, folii in centro conspicienda, in maculas disponitur enormes, longitudinales, nunc unguem nunc
pollicem laias, varie in bis diffractas, in illis cursu continuo per totani porrectas frondem : folium hie duplo crassius
est, coloris fusci et opaci, extrinsecus visco sordide viridi illitum, sin dissecti portio lenti subjiciatur tota superficies con-
stare reperitur e seminibus minutissimis, oblongis, parallelis, fuscis, limbo nullo cinctis, intus punctatis, immixtis
fibrarum tenuissimarum pallidiorum fasciculis.

Color folii intense olivaceus, fusco perfusus, plus minus diaphanus, uitens, junioris lutescens; stipitis nunc
lutescens, nunc intense fuscus : Soli diu objectcc albescit.

Substantia in stipite lignosa, in folio cartilaginea, lenta, et tenax,

Dignoscitur var. @ per frondis margines insigniter undulatos, ejusque centrum rugosum sinubus rotundiusculis ple-
rumque totum folium a basi ad apicem percurrentibus, atque ita dispositis ut lineas duas effingant latiusculas paral-
lelas, quas pars interposita angustas, costae instar, sejungit ; intertliim autem in lineam oranes unam confiuunt ; et
aliquand6, sed rarius, enormiter sunt sparsi : — bullata ha?c facies tarn in primp quairi in ultimo frondis aetatis stadio
conspicitur : — nunquam hanc varietatem fructiferam vidi.

Varielas y in eo mod6 discrepat ab a qu6d folium habeat acuminatum et propemodum mucronatum ; neque magis
equidem var. 2, cui folium suborbiculare, vel, ut rectius dicam, lat^ cuneiforme, apice rotundato.

Obs.

* Var a tantummodo in Anglioe littoribns qua- Orientem, B in iis modo quas Occidentem et Meridiem spectant, reperitur.
t Non raro accidit frondes quatuor quinque pluresve, radicibus inviceni implexi?, gregatlm oriri. sed harum unaquieque revera solitaria sua
modo radice nititur.

70

163. — F UCUS SACCHARINUS.

Obs. Exsiccatus hie Fucus charts non adhaeret; si quando exsiccetur, cura non antea satis idonea adhibita ut
aqua pura expurgetur sal marinus, reperietur postea, quotiescunque humet aer, pulvere obductus tenuissimo albo,
unde nomen; te certum est," ut bene dicit Gmelinus, " hunc pulverem non nisi salem marinum esse, in substantia
Fuci efflorescentem, qui propterea leviter gustatus dulcedinis sensum linguae imprimit, quique purgantem effectum
edit si Fuci ingesta copia nimia fuerit, sale turn fibras intestinales vellicante :" — in Australibus Angliae Hiberniaeque
oris saepe hujus Fuci folium late perrepit Flustra membranacea.

Obiter atque breviter jam supra in descriptione perstrinximus, quod saepe reperitur, frondem hujus Fuci medio
quasi arte constrictam, eo quidem modo ut folium e duabus constare partibus videatur, quarum inferior nunquam non
pyriformis evadit, substantiamque habet superiore tenuiorem. Hoc, quod quidem speciei est *hujus unius proprium,
primum fuit in Fucorum Brititnnicorum St/nopsi memoratum, paiicis tam,en ibi verbis atque diffidenter, uti de re
nova par erat, tractatum. Ne ver6 res observari dignissima, cujus simile nihil fuit antea inter Fucos repertum, Bota-
nicorum incuria delitescere pergeret, diligentissime in illam investigandam incubuerunt viri acutissimi, D. Borrer et
D. Bingham, quorum observationes nos edocent Dillwynium recte de hac re conjectavisse, comprobantque talem
crescendi modum ipsi speciei indoli esse insitum, eamque Fucum faciem quotannis necessario induere ; cjum planta
perennis nihil praeter stipitem immutatum servet, cujus ex apice novum singulis annis exoritur folium, quod sensim
propellit vetustum officio jam functum, neque hoc citiiis decidit quam illud in magnam excreverit molem, quum aetate
imminutum atque confectum frustratim delabitur. Hinc fit ut discrepare videamus in diversis individuis, et e singu-
lorum aetate pendeat, quantum a folii basi contractio distet; et hoc pariter causae extat quod pars nunc inferior nunc
superior major conspiciatur, et quod ilia semper tenuis viridis atque vegeta, haec semper crassa sordide fusca atque
marcescens, aetatem primae florentem alterius exoletam prodat. De causa quae frondi faciem dat bullatam, e qua
var. nostra # pendit, utinam quidem liceret pariter audacter loqui. Fieri prorsus nequit ut assentirer Gmelino Light-
footioque sententiam suam ferentibus Fucum sic rugosum per fructificationem fieri; quod contra nunquam nisi planum
seminiferum vidi. Prohibet quoque bullarum certa dispositio quominus fortuitas crederes, diversissimaeque sunt ab
illis tumoribus factis ab aere intra duas e quibus frons constat laminis admisso. Quidnam igitur de his sentiendum ?
^-Varietates qua? supra describuntur tertiam et quartam casu modo ortas credo, fronde forsan laesa, neque pro dis-
tinctis enumerare operae pretium duxissem, nisi utriusque iconem descriptionemque dedisset in Fiord Norvegica Gun-
nerus. Qu5d in F. saccharini synonymorum numerum Ulvam latissimam reciperem suasit Herbarii Linnaeani aucto-
ritas, in quo pro vero F. saccharino servatur, nisi fallor, nihil aliud nisi frustulum unius segmentorum F. digitali
frondis. Characteres specifici, si quidem revera specifici, qui Fucum hie depictum a F. digitato et F. Phyllitide
distinguunt, sub iis memorati invenientur plantis ; satis hie de stirpe quam tractamus loqui, de qua multa jam restant
dicenda. Gmelinus imprimis, Andersono auctore fretus, refert ab Islandis sequentem in modum usurpari. " Coqui
in lacte, pulticulam inde confici, cochleari sorbendam. Vel et aqua fontana imbui, loco arido et aprico exponi, ut
sole induretur, arefactum vasis ligneis optime condi, turn aliquo tempore interjecto album coloiem acquirere, dulce-
dinemque habere saccharo non inferiorem, comedere quoque earn Islandi cum Butyro. Idem mox, referente Pal-
lasio, pergit; " certum est incolas in Anglia ad maris littora habitantes fucum hunc oleris ad instar coquere et co-
medere, bono cum successu." Porro J Thunbergius certiores nos facit, totum haberi inter Japonicos post praspara-
tionem esculentum, coriaceae licet substantia?. ; et dum munera hie ofieruntur laminam quandam hujus Fuci chartae
agglutinari illi, quae singulari modo replicata et filis argento auroque obductis circumligata muneribus super impo-
nitur." Suspicatur acutissimus nostras || Barrovius hoc ita fieri, ut pateat quanto in honore haec planta inter Japonicos
habeatur; eo forsan animo quia cujusvis menti adesse volunt quot qualia et quanta beneficia mare gentibus ofifert, quot
thesauros illis pandit, qui in ipso scrutando diligenter incumbunt. Idem etiam verisiinile credit, jus gelatum inter
Sinenses in deliciis habitum et Chinchou nomine appellatum ex hoc quadantenus Fuco confici. Nemo autem, quod
scio, inter auctores tantam F. saccharino conciliavit gloriam quantam §D. Broughtonus, navis cujusdam bellicae Bri-
tannicae prasfectus, qui ilium tain magni esse in Japonia momenti refert, ut nemini postea decantare liceat famosum
illud " projecta vilior alga." Vidit hie, cum prope Endermo navigaret, incolas semper in hoc Fuco legendo occu-
patos, quern postea Soli objectum ut bene siccetur, et in fasciculis collectam transvehunt. Plurimas ille vidit naves
hoc onustas, qua? a sinu " Volcano" dictis per fretum Matymai ad iusulam Niphon velificarent, commercia non
parva facientes. " F. saccharinus" tests Gunnero, " pabulum est pecoris consuetum in Finmarchia, Norlandia, et
alibi in maritimis ;" habetque Anderson, " tam recentem jumentis pabulum praebere quam siccatam foeni annonam ;
carnem ver6 pinguem inde fieri, sed nauseosam." In Scotia cum aliis Fucis sali alcalino kelp dicto conficiendo
inservit. '

a. a. jF. saccharinus, magn. nat.

b. frondis fructiferce, pars, magn. auct» - - 6.

c. ejusdem pars ------ 4.

d. eadem dissecta ------ 3.

e. ejusdem pars - - - - - - 1.

f. planta junior, nagn. nat.

* Anne hoc recte dictum? simile ceite aliquid est jam in hoc operesub F. Agaro animadversum, If. p. 10.

t Aliam etiam varietatem his longe magis lucaioiabilem, cui frons spiraliter torta, Islandiaj ad littora copiose legit D. Hooker, de qu& nihil
est ut dicam, cum exemplarii nulla viderim.
% Flora Japonica. p. 346.
j| Harrow's Voyage to Cochinchina. p. 313.
£ Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean, p. S?^.

163.— FU GUS SACCHARINUS.

71

Fucus saccharinus, root fibrous ; fibres long, and branching : stipes almost woody, cylindrical, undivided, expand-
ing at its apex into a single, cartilaginous, flat, simple, lineari-oblong, nerveless leaf, entire at its margins:
scattered seeds immersed in the leaf.

Fucus saccharinus. Linn. Sp. PI. II. p. 1630. Syst. Nat. II. p. 718. Fl. Lapp. p. 364. Fl. Suec. p.
431. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II. p. 1389- Gmelin, Hist. Fuc. p. 194. t. 28. Fl. Ang. . 578. Fl.
Scot. II. p. 940. With. IV. p. 96. Finn. Trans. III. p. 151. Syn. Fuc. II. p. 198. Ft. Lus II p 437.
Fl. Germ. III. p. 446. FL Norv. I. p. 52. Esper, Ic. Fuc. I. p. 52. t. 24. p. 112. tf 56. Thunberg,
Ft. Jap. p. 346.

Fucus (ongissimo latissimo crassoque folio. Raii Syn. p. 39- n. 1.

F. latissimo crassoque folio. Moris. Hist. Ox. p. 646. n, 3.

(3. bullatus ; frond bullated in the centre ; margins undulated.

F. saccharinus. 13. Linn. Trans. III. p. 151. Syn. Fuc. II. p. 198.

F. saccharinus, Fl. Dan. t. 41 6. Gmelin. Hist. Fuc. t. 27. Ner. Brit. p. 31. t. 9. Eng. Bot. XX.
t. 1376.

F. saccharinus. var. Esper, Ic. Fuc. I. p. 113. t. 57.

F. latissimus et longissimus, oris crispis. Raii Syn. p. 39. n. 1. Moris. Hist. Ox. III. p. 646. n. 3.

F. folio singulari longissimo lato, in medio rugoso, qui ba/teiformis dici potest. Raii Syn. p. 39. n. 1.

Viva latissima. Linn. Syst. Nat. II. p. 719-

XJlva saccharina. Fl. Fr. Ed. 9Aa- II. p. 15.
y. acuminatus ; frond oblong, thin and almost membranous, acuminated.

F. saccharinus. y. Syn. Fuc. II. p. 199-

Viva longissima. Fl. Norv. II. p. 128. t. 7.
$. latissimus; frond wide, nearly orbicular.

F. saccharimus. Syn. Fuc. II. p. 199.

Viva maxima. Fl. Norv. II. p. 127. t. 7-

Both oc* and B are found abundantly in the Northern and Atlantic Oceans, on the coasts of Sweden, Norway,
the British Isles and France.— Shores of Iceland, where they reach an immense size. Mr. Hooker. — Common
on the coast of Japan. Thunberg. — y and $ every where in the sea about Norway. Gunner. — y at Dover.
Mr. Dillwyn. — § once gathered among the rejectamenta of the sea at Yarmouth by Mr. Mason.

Perennial. — Winter.

Root, conical, hollow, divided at its base into numerous fibres, from an inch to an inch and half long, filiform,
almost as thick as a crow's quill, in their younger state yellowish and pulpy, but when full-grown black and woody,
disposed in a radiated direction, multifid, convex above, beneath longitudinally grooved, at first horizontal, but soon
bending downwards, and afterwards attaching themselves to the rocks or other marine bodies they grow upon by their
incurved apices, which, however, are not on that account dilated.

Frond, solitary,-f- rising with a stipes, which, though mostly not more than a span long, sometimes extends to the
length of one or even of six feet ; it is erect, undivided, of various thickness, from that of a crow's to that of a
swan's quill, every where filiform, and equally every where cylindrical, except that it becomes compressed at the
very apex, where it suddenly expands into a single, flat, undivided, ensiform, linear, or elliptical leaf quite destitute
of midrib or veins, uncertain in its length from one to six feet, and in its width from one to eight inches ; the base is
in general slightly cordate, but sometimes is the segment of a greater or smaller circle, or even is lanceolate ; the
apex, which is very seldom found uninjured, is, in different specimens, either sharpish or somewhat rounded ; the
margins are naturally quite entire, though slightly undulated, and not unusually here and there accidentally torn or
eaten by insects: specimens are commonly met with, (one of which is represented in the present plate at a)
which at a greater or smaller distance from the base are contracted in such a manner, that the lower part is pyri-
form, but the upper lengthens into a frond of the common shape : upon this subject more will be said in the obser-
vations on the species.

Fructification, observable in the centre of the leaf, where it takes the form of irregular spots, from half an inch
to an inch wide, and of various length, sometimes extending uninterruptedly throughout the whole of the frond, and
at other times broken without order : the frond is in these places twice as thick as usual, of an opaque brown color,
appearing to the naked eye externally covered with a dull greenish slime, but, if a section be placed under the micros-
cope, the whole surface is found to consist of extremely minute, oblong, parallel, brown seeds, destitute of any Urn-
bus, dotted internally, mixed with a profusion of very thin pale fibres.

Color, of the leaf a deep olive green, with more or less of a tinge of brown, semitransparent, and glossy, yel-
lowish in its first state ,- of the stipes either yellowish or deep brown ; from long exposure to the sun the whole turns
white.

Substance, woody in the stipes, in the leaf cartilaginous, and flexible, but tough.

The variety /3 is distinguished by having the margins of its frond remarkably undulated, and the centre wrinkled into
roundish sinuses, which generally run longitudinally from base to summit in two widish parallel lines, leaving a narrow

part

* The variety a. seems to be peculiar to the Eastern, and B to the AVestern and Southern shores of England.

t It often happens that four, five, or even more fronds grow clustered together, but this is merely from the roots being entangled, each of
them being really distinct from the others.

72

163. — F UCUS SACCHARINUS.

part between them, like a midrib, but sometimes form only one line, and sometimes are scattered without regularity •
this bullated appearance is visible in the earliest stage of the plant, and continues so as long as it exists : — I have never
seen this variety in fruit.

y Differs only in its leaf being acuminated and almost mucronated.

2 Has a leaf nearly orbicular, or rather widely cuneiform, with a rounded apex.

Obs. When dried, it does not adhere to paper; if dried without being sufficiently washed, it will be found subse-
quently covered with a whitish efflorescence, which is, in appearance, similar to sugar, and leaves upon the palate,
if slightly applied, a sweetish taste, but is at the same time, as Gmelin has remarked, nothing more than salt, and if
taken in too great a quantity, has the effect of irritating the bowels : hence the name of the plant : — on the southern
shores of England and Ireland Flustra membranacea is found in large patches upon the leaf of this Fucus, and
sometimes almost covers it.

The most * extraordinary circumstance attendant upon this Fueus is the contraction often visible in the frond, as
already mentioned in the description, and the consequent division of the leaf into two parts of different substance,
the lower of which has a pyriform outline. This, which was iirst noticed in the Synopsis of the British Fuci, had
at the time of the publication of that work been only so recently observed, that very little could then be said upon
the subject ; but it has since been attended to with the care it deserved at Brighton by Mr. Borrer, and still more
particularly at Dover by Mr. Binghamf of Uxbridge, whose accurate observations, coinciding greatly with those of
Mr. Dillwyn, place it beyond a doubt that the contraction is the natural effect of the growth of the plant, and ne-
cessarily takes place every year ; the stem alone remaining unaltered, and throwing out a new leaf, which gradually
pushes forward the old one, increasing in size as the latter wears away. Hence it happens that the distance of the
contraction from the base, and, consequently, the relative proportion of the upper and lower parts, are variable in
different individuals, or, rather, are regulated by the time of year at which the plant is found ; and that the part be-
low the contraction is constantly young, and vigorous, and much more thin than that above, which as constantly shews
every mark of approaching decay. The bullated appearance of the frond, upon which depends my second variety, is
another peculiarity of jF. saccharinus, and is not easily accounted for. Both Gmelin and Lightfoot have been in-
clined to regard this as the fructified appearance of the plant, in which I am convinced they are mistaken ; as I never
saw fruit on any specimens whatever thus wrinkled, but, on the contrary, have always found the seeds on those which
were quite flat. The sinuses are too regular to be the effect of accident, and have nothing in common with the oc-
casional blisters in the frond caused by the admission of air between the coats of which it is composed. J The third
and fourth varieties I regard as so entirely accidental, that I should scarcely have noticed them, but for the sake of
referring to Bishop Gunner's figures in the Flora Norvegica, which represent them. It is upon the authority of the
Linnagan Herbarium that I have above quoted Viva latissima as a synonym, the specimen there preserved under that
name being the bullated variety of F. saccharinus ; while, as the genuine F. saccharinus, Linnaeus had kept only
what appears to be a portion of a segment of jF. digitatus. Upon the characters that distinguish this plant from F.
digitatus and F. Phyllitis, to which it is most nearly allied, remarks will be found under those species. With regard

to

* Something similar has already been observed under F. Agarum in this work. IT. p. 10.

t The following remarks with which Mr. Bingham favored me on the subject are so interesting and curious, that I trust no apology is necea-
sary for introducing them at length :

* The common form of F. saccharinus obtains in ail plants during the first year of their growth till the middle of November, at
which time a pyriform contraction is discoverable at tile base of every leaf. The young seedlings partake of this change equally with the
older plants, except that in them it begins rather later, but in all before the end of December.

" From this time the former frond (which I call the primary one) ceases to grow or increase, while a new, or secondary frond gradually
usurps its place, and may be traced week after week till May or June, when, having attained its full size, the whole plant loosens from its at-
tachment, and comes ashore or is carried out to sea. It is now met with in great abundar.ee.

" Plants not having this appendage, but answering to the common specific diameter, are occasionally met with in the autumnal months, which
from their thick coriaceous texture and ragged extremities would appear to have contended with the waves more than one season, but this I
am of opinion is not the case ; because in the winter and early spring I never could meet with any plants, except seedlings of Jan. Feb. and
March, which had not the contracted frond. Many secondary fronds are to be met with in June, July, and August, the produce of late seed-
lings of the former year, which, having had their terminal leaf torn away, might at first view be mistaken for primary plants, but upon exa-
mination, the point of the frond instead of being ensiform terminates abruptly, and is lacerated. This circumstance alone would not he
sufficient to distinguish them, but by attention to the following marks, the primary and secondary fronds may at any period of their growth be
distinguished with certainty, and I never had any reason to believe that secondary fronds could retain their situation and assume the characters
which I think exclusively belong to primary ones.

", The length of a primary frond without the footstalk rarely exceeds two feet and a half, and its breadth is seldom so much as four inches ;
whereas the secondary frond is often four feet long exclusive of the footstalk, and seldom (when this length) so narrow as four inches, more
generally five, and bears at the extremity the old frond about a foot long in a state of decay.

" The secondary frond is always much thinner than a primary one of the same size, and always somewhat thinner than its own primary frond.
The length and breadth of a secondary frond are always in proportion to that of its primary :— thus a seedling of six inches long shall have a
secondary frond of two feet : — the full grown specimen has been already described.

" The sinuses or wrinkles are not so strongly marked on the secondary frond, and I never saw it in fructification.

" The margins of secondary fronds, instead of being broken or ill-defined, are always very entire and waved like a ruffle, so as to form plaits
or folds when pressed, and remarkably express the idea of newness. They are particularly smooth and transparent compared with any speci-
mens of primary fronds. . . .

" The only conjecture I have formed on the use of the secondary frond is that it is designed to give the plant buoyancy, by presenting a larger;
surface to the water, without pror.ortionably adding to its weight, and so to assist its dispersion at the season most favourable to propagation, or'
to supply food to distant tribes of fishes. As F. digitatus (which I look upon as a variety of saccharinus) never Iructihes, it has ho need ot
the spcondary frond.

" Nothing is wanting to prove them varieties of each other, but finding digitations and wrinkles on the same plant. .
t Mr. Hooker found'up;>u the coast of Iceland another and much more remarkable variety, not uncommon, with a spirally twisted Irond :
upon this, however, I am able to say nothing, never having seen a specimen of it. . f

MS.

r

1 64.— F UCUS PHYLLITIS.

73

to the uses of F. saccharinus, Gmelin informs us, on the authority of Anderson, that the natives of Iceland boil it
in milk into a kind of pottage, which they eat with a spoon ; or steep it in fresh water for some time, after which
they expose it to be dried and hardened in the sun, and, when this is sufficiently the case, put it up in wooden vessels,
in which, after a certain period, it acquires a white color, and a sweetness not inferior to sugar, when they eat it with
butter. He farther adds, from the information of Pallas, that in some parts of the coast of England it is cooked
and eaten for a pot-herb. Thunberg* informs us that it is in Japan prepared in such a manner as to be quite escu-
lent, and that it is customary there, when presents are made, to lay upon them a slice of this Fucus, attached to a
piece of paper folded in a curious manner, and tied with threads of gold and silver. " This," Barrowf conjectures,
" may possibly have been intended to shew in how high estimation this plant is held, being considered, perhaps, as the
representative of those resources of sustenance which the sea so amply supplies to such nations as from choice or
necessity may be led to avail themselves of its various productions." The same author gives it as his opinion that the
Chinchou jelly of China may probably be made in part of F. saccharinus. No one, however, represents this plant
of so much consequence as Captain Broughton,J who, speaking of the people about Endermo, says that he always
found those who lived on the opposite side of the Isthmus open to the sea collecting jF. saccharinus, which they
dried in the sun, and made up into bundles for exportation ; and that a considerable trade was carried on in this weed
from Volcano Bay to Matzmai, whence it is exported to Nipon. He even mentions having seen several ships loaded
with it. In Norway, according to Gunner, it is a considerable article of food to cattle; and the same in Iceland, ac-
cording to Anderson, who says it is there also dried like hay, in which state it soon fattens, but renders the flesh un-
pleasant. In Scotland it is employed with other Fuci in the manufacture of kelp.

a. a. jF. saccharinus, natural size.

b. portion of the frond in fruit, magnified - 6.

c. part of the same - - - - -4.

d. section of the same - - - - -3.

e. part of the sume - - - - - 1 .

f. young plant, natural size.

* Fl. Japan, p. 346.

t Voyage to Cochinchina, p. 313.

$ Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean, p. 272.

164. — F UCUS PHYLLITIS.

Fucus, radice fibrosa ; fibris abbreviatis, simplieiusculis : stipite cartilagineo, compresso, lineari, indiviso, apicc
expanso in folium unicum, membranaceum, tenenimum, simplex, planum, enerve, lineari-lanceolatum, utrinque
acuminatum, integerrimum.

Fucus phyllitis. Net: Brit. p. 33. t. 9- With. IV. p. 100. Sun. Fuc. II. p. 193. Eng. Bot. XIX. t.

1331. Esper, Ic. Fuc. II. p. 81. t. 149.
jF. saccharinus. $. Fl. Scot. p. 941 ?
F. phyllitidis folio. Raii Syn. p. 40?

F. longissimo latissimo tenuique folio. Raii Syn. p. 40. n. 2?
Ulva phyllitis. Fl. Fr. Ed. 2Aa. \\. p. 15.

H abitat in Britanniarum oris, Fucis majoribus plerumque innascens, haud ita frequens. — Apud Sidmouth in
Devonia. D««. Griffiths. — Apud Larne juxta Belfast. D. Templeton — In sinu, Bantry Bay. !>«• Hut-
chins. — Inter rejectamenta maris apud Yarmouth rarissime legi. — In Oceano Galliae oras aliuente. Decandollc.—-
In F. vesiculoso circa Gades. Clemente.

Annua ?

Radix fibrosa, fibris quatuor vel quinque crassiusculis, succosis, cylindraceis, divaricatis, simplicibus bifurcisve,
vix lineam longis, frondi concoloribus.

Frondes ex eadem basi plurima?, singula stipite instructs unguiculari, pennae passerine crassitie, basin versus
teretiusculo, exinde sensim magis magisque compresso, in quibusdam etiam ab ipso ortu compresso, apice v-lnno,
seque sensim dilatante in folium unicum, planum, simplex, Janceolatum, vel lineari lanceolatum, utrinque nunquam
non insigniter et pariter attenuatum, ut in petiolum decuri ere jure optimo dicatur, longitudine pedali et ultra, latitu-
dine ab unguiculari ad pollicarem incerta, nervi venarumque prorsus expers, margine integerrimum, sed pulcheirime,
quamvis minute, undulatum, et quandoque crispatulum : — frondis vetustioris in centro conspiciuntur interdum vestigia
ejusdem crescendi modi bullati atque rugulosi, quo JF. saccharini var. 13 nititur.

Vol. III. L Fructifica tso

74

164.— FUCUS PH YLLITIS.

Fructipicatio hactenus latet.

Coior folii in planta recente intense flavus fuscedine perfusus, qualis ille F. ligulati vel F. viridis, qui, simul
atque stirps aquae immergitur dulci, in amcene dilute luteo-virescentem transit, semper diaphanus et nitidus ; exsiccata
magis adhuc virescit, et Soli diu objects fit albida ; stipitis color magis ad fuscum accedit, et est minus diaphanus,
sed hoc in diversis exemplaribus diversum.

Substantia, quae folii membranacea" tenerrima et tenuissima, stipitis est cartilaginea et succosa.

Obs. Exsiccata chartae arete adhaeret: — frons sub lente pulcherrime reticulata.

Speraveram, ciim in Fucorum Britannicorum Synopsi F. phylliditem describerem, non multuni esse praeteriturum
temporis priusqiiam, aut per observationes ab amicis acceptas, aut per exemplaria a me ipso reperta, oblata fuerit
facultas dijudicandi utrum haec planta pro distineta rectiiis sit habenda specie, an ad meram varietatem redacta sub
F. saccharino in posterum militaret. Spes autem haec me fefellit, neque amplius dicere nunc licet, quam quod olim
dixi ; scilicet meo judicio F. phyllitidem esse distinctum, sed me characteres adhuc nullos monstrare posse per
quos persuadere mihi possum ut certo dignoscatur. Stipitem quidem habet compressum ejusdem cum fronde sub-
stantia? ; confertim nasci solet ; et folium ostendit textura insigniter tenui delicata atque reticulata, cujus forma nun-
quam non lineari-lanceolata conspicitur. His in omnibus a JP. saccharino abludit ; et haec, dummodo semper stabilia
maneant mutationibusque nullis sint obnoxia, certe sufficerent ; sed ut hoc sit vereor. Forsan e loco natali aut ex aliai
qualibet nondiim cognita causa plus minus pendent. Hoc saltern indubie profari possum, me nulla unquam vidisse
F. saccharini exemplaria, etiamsi fuerint in primo aetatis stadio, quorum frondes crassitie non vincerent F. phyllitidem
adultum vetustumve ; neque unquam reperire mihi contigit JF. saccharinum parasitice aliis Fucis innascentem, neque,
si radices lignosas validas ramosas contempler, verisimile mihi apparet hoc ita fieri posse. F. phyllitis autem semper,
quantum vidi, nobiscum sic nascitur, F. siliquosi aut F. vesiculosi ramis affixus ; et idem etiam de eo apud Gades
testatur Clemente. Incertus sum an potiits credam JF. phyllitidem debere inter Fucos rarissimos recenseri, an esse
ab omnibus fere auctoribus praetermissum. Memoratur a perpaucis, neque inter hos paucos habeo ulla pro indubiis
synonymis, praeter Smithium Esperum et Stackhousium. Im6, ut verum fatear, de secundo horum et tertio scrupuli
mihi qaidam restant ; quoniam radicem fibris longis nigricantibus instructam depinxerunt, et hoc a stirpis vera natura
abhorrere videtur. Quod autem ad Esperum attinet, exemplar ab ipso delineatum ego misi, quare nullus dubito
quin pictor talem radicem incuria et parum fideliter plantae assignaverit.

a. F . phyllitis, magn. nat.

b. radix, magn. auct. - - - - - 6.

c. folii portio ~ - - - - - I,

164.— FUCUS PHYLLITIS.

75-

Fucus phyllitis, root fibrous ; short, and mostly simple : stipes cartilaginous, compressed, linear, and undivided,
expanding at its apex into a single, membranaceous, very tender, simple, flat, nerveless leaf, of a lineari-lance-
olate shape, acuminated at both ends, and quite entire at the margin.

Fucus phyllitis. Ner. Brit. p. 33. t. 9- With. IV. p. 100. Syn. Fuc. II. p. 193. Eng. Bot. XIX. t.
1331. Esper, lc. Fuc. II. p. 81. t. 149-

F. saccharinus. $. Fl. Scot. p. 94 1 ?

F. phyllitidis folio. Rati Syn. p. 40 f

F. longissimo latissimo tenuique folio. Rait Syn. p. 40. n. 2 ?
Viva phyllitis. Fl. Fr. Ed. Ida. II. p. 15.

On the shores of the British Isles, generally growing on other Fuci, not very common. — At Sidmouth. Mrs.
Griffiths. — Larne, near Belfast. Mr. Templeton. — Bantry Bay. Miss Hutchins. — Among the rejectamenta
of the sea near Yarmouth, very scarce. — Northern coast of France. Decandolle. — On F. vesicidosus about
Cadiz. Clemente.

Annual?

Root, composed of four or five thickish, succulent, cylindrical, radiated fibres, scarcely a line long, either sim-
ple or forked, of the same color as the frond.

Fronds,* numerous from the same base, each rising with a stipes about half an inch long, as thick as a sparrow's
quill, almost cylindrical near the base, but growing, as it advances, more and more compressed, till at the apex it
becomes quite flat, and insensibly loses itself in a single, flat, simple leaf, of a lanceolate or lineari-lanceolate shape,
constantly attenuated in an equal degree at both extremities, so that its point is acuminated, and its base may with the
greatest propriety be said to be decurrent into a petiolus ; its length is a foot or more, its width varies from half an
inch to an inch, it is always wholly destitute of midrib or veins, and quite entire at the margin, but very beautifully,
though minutely, undulated, and sometimes curled : — in the centre of old fronds are occasionally observable traces of
the same bullated and wrinkled appearance, which is the characteristic mark of the variety /3 of F. saccharinus, but
always more faint than in that species.

Fructification, at present unknown.

Color, of the leaf deep yellow with a slight tinge of brown in a fresh specimen, like that of F. viridis or F.
ligulatus, but immediately changing, from immersion in fresh water, into a pleasing pale yellowish green, always
transparent and glossy ; in a dry state it becomes more green, and from exposure to the sun turns white ; the color
of the siipes is browner and less transparent, but this varies in different individuals.

Substance, membranaceous and extremely thin and tender in the leaf, in the stipes cartilaginous and succulent.

Obs. In drying it adheres closely to paper; — the frond appears under the microscope beautifully reticulated.

Since the time when the description of F. phyllitis for the Synopsis of the British Fuci was written, I am sorry
to say I have met with nothing that might tend to remove the doubts and difficulties there expressed, so that I still
remain in the same uncertainty how far it ought to be regarded as a distinct species from F. saccharinus. It is, in-
deed, now, as it then was, my opinion that the two plants are really specifically different, but I am at a loss to point
out any certain and unvarying characters ; as, though the compressed stem of nearly the same substance as the frond,
the thick short seldom branching fibres of the root, the clustered mode of growth, and the peculiar delicacy of the
substance of the leaf of F. phyllitis, as well as its beautifully reticulated structure, and constantly lineari-lanceolate
shape, seem to afford in general sufficient marks of discrimination, I cannot but entertain apprehensions lest these
should all be liable to variation, or should depend upon the place of growth, or upon some other accidental circumstance.
Thus much I may say with confidence, that I never saw any specimens of F. saccharinus, even in an early stage,
equally thin as I have seen old ones of F. phyllitis, nor did I ever find the former with an outline so regular as the
latter ; besides which, all I have met with of F. phyllitis has been parasitical on F. vesiculosus or F. siliquosus, and
the same is said by Clemente to be the case at Cadiz, but I never saw F. saccharinus so, nor should I conceive it
possible, from its woody branching roots, for it to grow so. F. phyllitis must either be a species of rare occurrence,
or must have been generally overlooked; as I find it mentioned by very few authors, and even with regard to the syno-
nyms above quoted I feel great doubts ; nor would I regard any as unquestionable, except those of English Botany,
Mr. Stackhouse, and Dr. Esper ; and upon the two latter of these some uncertainty seems to be thrown, from their
having figured the plant with long black fibres to its root, which is quite unlike what I ever observed. This, how-
ever, in Professor Esper I know to be a mistake, as his specimens were sent him by me, and I therefore feel certain
that his artist has in this respect departed from accuracy.

a. F. phyllitis, natural size.

b. root, magnified - - - - - 6.

c. portion of the leaf - - - - - 1.

* The fronds of this Fucus, though they grow in a manner nearly similar to those of F. saccharinus, cannot with the same propriety be
called distinct and solitary ; as their roots are so entangled and joined that they can scarcely be separated without injury.

76

165. — F UGUS LANGSDORFII.

Fucus Langsdorfii, stem coriaceous, cylindrical, filiform, branched; branches scattered, simple, beset all over with
small ramuli standing close to each other, of a shape between lanceolate and subulate, flat, and undivided : re-
ceptacles placed near the summits of the branches, spherical, standing on very short peduncles.

On the Coast of Japan. Dr. Langsdorff".

Perennial?

Root, I have not yet seen.

Frond, furnished with a stem, of the length of which, and whether it is divided or not/ I am altogether ignorant,
cylindrical, filiform, as thick as a blackbird's quill, beset with branches of the same nature and substance as itself,
but in other respects, apparently, naked ; branches scattered, some alternate and separated by intervals of an inch
each, others standing close together, and not uncommonly two or three rising together from the same point, all be-
tween erect and patent, straight, about half a foot long, always, as far as I have seen, undivided and simple, each
swollen at it's base into a small bulb, but afterwards cylindrical, and filiform, and about the thickness of a sparrow's
quill ; the branches are beset throughout their whole length, except immediately adjoining the apices where they pro-
duce the fruit, with ramuli or leaves standing close together in a spirally alternate manner, patent, but slightly in-
curved, fiat, nerveless, lanceolate at their base and afterwards subulate, so as in form to bear considerable resem-
blance to the leaves of Hypnum polyanthos, about a line and half long, and quite entire.

Fructification, placed in receptacles which are disposed at the ends of the branches and for half an inch or
an inch down them, their shape is spherical, and their size somewhat larger than mustard-seed, they stand, like the
leaves, in a spirally alternate manner, but not so close to each other, they are supported on narrow flat petioli scarce-
ly half a line in length, and externally they are all over minutely wrinkled and perforated with pores so small as to be
invisible to the naked eye, under which lie imbedded spherical tubercles, but out of these all the seeds had escaped
in my specimens : — while the tubercles lie immediately under the epidermis, I have found the interior part of the
receptacles quite empty, nor have I now any means of knowing how far this is natural to the plant or only the effect
of drying : analogy leads to the supposition that the latter is the case, and that in a recent state the receptacles, like
those of F. vesiculusus or F. nodosus, are full of a clear colorless mucus.

Color, in the fresh plant most probably olive-green, but quite black when dried, and never recovering from sub-
sequent immersion, destitute of gloss.

Substance, between coriaceous and cartilaginous, flexible, and tough.

Obs. In drying it does not in the least adhere to paper, nor does it, from being again moistened, increase in
size, or change in any respect its appearance.

At the request of my friend, Professor Mertens, to whom I am indebted for the knowledge of this plant, as well
as for the drawing represented in the plate before us, I have called it by the name of Dr. Langsdorff, from whom he
received it, and who, as Natural Philosopher, attended the Russian Expedition round the world made by the ships
Newa and Nadeshda, to which expedition 1 have already had to express my obligations for many of the subjects of
the present work. The only specimen I have seen of F. Langsdorfii has been a part of that here figured ; so that
my knowledge of the plant is exceedingly confined, and I can say little more about it, than that it appears to me one
of the most curious species yet discovered, extremely different from all others, and forming a link of union between
two Fuci so dissimilar as F. ericoides and F. Banksii, the former of which it resembles in its general habit and its
leaves, while its receptacles shew considerable affinity to those of the latter, though perhaps they might with still
more propriety be compared to those of F. nodosus.

a. .F. Langsdorfii, natural size.

b. part of the branch, magnified - - - 6.

c. leaf 4-

d. receptacle ------ 6.

e. section of the same - - - - - 4.

165. — F UCUS LANGSDORFII.

77

Fucus, caule coriaceo, terete, filiformi, ramoso ; ramis sparsis, simplicibus, ubique obsitis ramulis exiguis ap-
proximate, planis, lanceolato-subulatis, indivisis : receptaculis juxta ramorum apices sphsericis, brevissime pe-
dunculatis.

Habitat ad littora Japonica. D. Langsdorff.

}

Perennis ?

Radix a me nondum visa.

Frons instructa caule, cujus de longitudine et an divisus sit necne nihil scio, terete, filiformi, Merulae pennas
crassitie, ramis homogeneis obsito, coateroquin, ut videtur, nudo ; rami sparsi, hi alterni et intervallis pollicaribus
sejuncti, illi approximati, riori raro ex eodem puncto bini vel terni orti, erecto-patentes, stricti, semipedem longi,
quantum ego vidi indivisi et simplices, basi in bulbillum parvum incrassati, exinde teretes riliformes et pennae passerinae
crassitiem ubique servantes, undique per totam longitudinem, excepto prope apices ubi fructum ferunt, laxe obsiti
ramulis, seu foliis, approximates, homogeneis, spiraliter alternis, erecto-patentibus, leniter incurvis, planis, enervi-
bus, e basi lanceolata subulatis, ut Hypni polyanthi folia forma non male referant, sesquilineam longis integerrimis.

Fructificatio in receptaculis sita, qua? ramos, ibi foliis destitutos, ad unguis pollicisve longitudinem ab apici-
bus obsident, sphserica sunt, Sinapis seminibus aliquantum majora, et ordine spiraliter alterno, sicut folia, sed laxius,
disponuntur, patentia, petiolis angustis planis vix semilineam longis fulta, extrinsecus ubique minute rugulosa, et poris
nudum oculum latentibus pertusa, sub quibus latent tubercula immersa spha?rica, sed ex his semina omnia in meis
aufugerant exemplaribus ; tubercula dum haec interiorem receptaculorum parietem occupabant partem mediam prorsus
vacuam inveni, sed an hoc casu aliquo sit factum, an e plantse ipsius natura pendeat prorsus nescio : quatenus ex ana-
logia judicare licet, crederem recentis receptacula muco esse repleta.

Color, qui recentis verisimillime fuit olivaceus, est in desiccata et parit^r in rursus madefacta\ nigerrimus nitoris
expers.

Substantia coriaceo-cartilaginea, lenta, tenax.

Obs. Post desiccationem madefacta faciem nullo modo mutat neque volumen auget: — exsiccata chart3e nequaquam
adhaeret.

Iconem Fuci quam hsec tabula aeri incisam exhibet benevolentissime, de more, mecum communicavit Mertensius,
cujus votis obsequens plantain F. Langsdorfii nuncupo, nomine ducto a Botanico qui earn primus detexit, dum Rus-
sicam circa brbem expeditionem a navibus Newa et Nadeshda habitam, ut physicus, comitaretur. Unicum ille mod6
hujusce Fuci exemplar, idque parvum, ad Mertensium misit, a quo mox ejusdem bipartiti dimidium accepi, neque
ullum unquam aliud vidi ; ut de stirpe perpaulluliim cognita nihil fere sit quod descriptioni supra datse adjiciam.
Quantum adhuc judicare potui, F. Langsdorfii ab omnibus distinctissimum et in specierum maxime notabilium nu-
merum recipiendum arbitror. Medius fere stat inter duos Fucos longe dissimiles, F. ericoidem et F. Banksii; ad
ilium habitu generali et foliis, ad hunc receptaculis maxime1 accedens, nisi quidem verisimile putaretur receptacula
recentia forma potius ilia F. nodosi referre.

a. F. Langsdorfii, magn. nat.

b. rami pars, magn. auct. - - - - £,

c. folium - -- -- --4.

d. receptaculum - - - - - * 6.

e. idem dissectum - - - - -4,

78

166. — F UCUS DECIPIENS.

Fucus decipiens, stem coriaceous, cylindrical, mostly undivided, pinnated with simple branches: leaves very
numerous, flat, linear, extremely narrow, forked, or dichotomous, entire at the margins : receptacles mixed
with the leaves, lineari-lanceolate, clustered, standing on short peduncles.

Fucus decipiens. Brown, MSS.

At Port Dalrymple in New Holland. Mr. Brown.
Perennial.

Root, an expanded, callous disk, about a quarter of an inch in diameter, hard, woody, and black.

Fe ond, rising with a single cylindrical stew, as thick as a goose-quill at the base, but gradually growing more
and more thin upwards, so that its apex is not thicker than a sparrow's quill, two feet or more long, in some speci-
mens undivided throughout its whole length, in others cleft at the height of about an inch, into numerous undivided
segments of nearly equal length, all of them beset from their root to their apices with branches of the same nature
as themselves, but iu other respects naked ; branches placed round the stem in an irregularly spiral manner, generally
alternate, separated from each other by intervals in some places of two inches, in others of not more than as many
lines, occasionally also opposite, between horizontal and patent, flexuose, all about two or three inches long, nearly
cylindrical, considerably more thin than a sparrow's quill, filiform, thickly clothed with leaves and fructification ;
leaves very numerous upon the branches, disposed without order, between horizontal and patent, sessile, half an inch
long, compressed, linear, nerveless, scarcely the third part of a line wide, quite entire, generally only forked, but
sometimes twice or thrice dichotomous.

Fructification, growing upon the leaves, and either at their bases, or at the axillae of their divisions, consist-
ing of lineari-lanceolate, sub-cylindrical receptacles, about a line long, clustered, yet each standing on its own ex-
tremely short peduncle, blackish, externally slightly torulose, but, as far as I have seen, not perforated with any
pores, internally containing a quantity of shapeless, black, largish seeds, destitute of a limbus : — how far these seeds
are contained in tubercles, which from the nature of the plant seems most probable, the small size of the receptacles
prevented me from seeing.

Color, most probably olive-green in the recent plant, but quite black when it is dried, and equally so if again
wetted.

Substance, coriaceous in the stem and branches, in the leaves cartilaginous, every where tough and
flexible.

Having said thus much upon the plant in its perfect state, it remains to speak of it while yet young, when it
differs in very many respects ; and, as it sometimes attains to a considerable size, and still keeps the same appearance
as in its earliest stage of existence, so as to be likely to mislead not merely an unpractised but even an experienced
botanist, I have thought it best to describe its two states separately, and therefore now proceed to speak of it before
it has attained perfection ;

It has then a flat stem, two lines wide at the base, but gradually growing more narrow upwards, pinnated in its
lower part with leaves, in its upper one with branches ; leaves distichous, horizontal, or deflexed, alternate, about
a quarter of an inch distant from each other, two inches long, having a blackish midrib, pinnatifid with alternate,
nearly linear segments, which are between horizontal and patent, bluntish at their apices, quite entire at their mar-
gins, and perforated all over with blackish mucifluous pores ; the width of the lower leaves is equal to a line and a
half, but the upper ones gradually grow more and more narrow, till they lose themselves in compressed branches
beset with the leaves* above mentioned in the description.

Color, even when dried or again moistened, a semi-transparent olive green, tinged with brown.

Obs. In drying it does not adhere to paper: I have observed upon this plant specimens of a minute, and, I be-
lieve, hitherto non-descript Sertularia : — the stem near the base appears muricated from the remains of broken
branches.

The same remarkable difference of appearance at different periods of growth, which induced Mr. Brown to bestow
upon another Fucus lately published in this work the name of F. paradoxus, has led him also to call the present by
the equally expressive appellation of F. decipiens ; since it is a plant liable to such extraordinary changes as may
easily deceive and mislead any botanist not prepared to expect them. In its youngest state it clearly shews towards
the base a tendency to the same mode of growth already noticed in F. retrojiexus and others, especially in the de-
flexed position of the branches : their originating from the flat sides of the stem and the jointed structure of this
latter, are points far from being equally evident ; but these also are ambiguous. When full grown, F. decipiens
seems wholly to lose this tendency ; and, what is most extraordinary, the leaves upon the branches appear then to be
both shorter and less divided. This, however, is so contrary to nature, that it is impossible not to suspect somewhat
of deception on this point, arising from the specimens I have seen having had their leaves injured, or having grown
in a situation that rendered them less luxuriant than the young ones. F. decipiens plainly belongs to the division of
Fuci, termed Jolus unitis, among which its nearest affinities are F. discors L. and the subject of the following

plate,

* These leaves might probably with more propriety be called a secondary set of branches ; but, indeed, this is a mere difference in words,
as it is sufficiently obvious that this Fucus and its congeners have no leaves that would not in time change to branches.

166. — F UCUS DECIPIENS.

19

plate, from both which its want of vesicles immediately extinguishes it, without having recourse to other equally ob-
vious and important characters.

a. F. decipiens, natural size.

b. lower part of a young plant.

c. portion of a branch, magnified - - - 6.
A. small part of the same to shew a leaf and fruit - 3,

166. — F UCUS DECIPIENS.

Fucus, caule coriaceo, terete, sub-indiviso, ramis simplicibus pinuato : foliis in ramis frequentissimis, planis, line-
aribus, angustissimis, bifurcis, dichotomisve, integerrimis : receptaculis inter folia lineari-lanceolatis, confertis,
breviter pedunculatis.

Fucus decipiens. Brown, MSS.

Habitat apud Portum Dalrymple, in Novai Hollandia. D. Brown.
Perennis.

Radix callus explanatus, discoideus, diametro sub-unguicularis, durus, lignosus, ater.

Frons caule assurgens unico, terete, basi pennae anserinae crassitie, exinde sensim attenuato ut ad apicem vix
passerinam aequet, bipedali et ultr&, nunc per totam longitudinem indiviso, nunc circiter pollicis unius a basi altitudi-
nem vage in plurimos fastigiatos indivisos fisso, semper ramis homogeneis per totam longitudinem obsito, caetera
nudo ; rami circa caulem subspiraliter dispositi, plerumque alterni, intervallis hie pollicaribus illic vix bilinearibus
sejuncti, quidam et oppositi, horizontaliter patuli, flexuosi, bi-tri-pollicares, omnesque longitudinis fere ejusdem, te-
retiusculi, penna passerina multum tenuiores, filiformes, foliis fructuque dense vestiti ; folia in ramis frequentissima,
absque norma posita, horizontaliter patentia, sessilia, unguicularia, compressa, hnearia, enervia, vix tertiam lineae
partem lata, integerrima, ut plurimum tantummodo bifurca, iuterdiim et furcis bis ter repetitis dichotoma.

Fructificatio foliis immixta, eorum nunc basi insidens, nunc furcarum ad alas sita, e receptaculis constans
lineari-lanceolatis, teretiusculis, circiter lineam longis, confertis, singulis tamen pedunculo proprio brevissimo illo qui-
dem fultis, nigricantibus, extrinsecus levissime torulosis, at poris, quantum ego vidi, nullis pertusis, intus foventibus
congeriem seminum informium, atrorum, majusculorum, sine limbo.— an haec semina in tuberculis sint inclusa, quod
plantae natura suadet, parva receptaculorum moles prohibuit quominus rite perspicerem.

Color, qui recentis verisimillime fuit olivaceus, est in exekcata et pariter in rursHs madefacta aterrimus.

Substantia caulis ramorumque coriacea, foliorum cartilaginea, ubique lenta et tenax.

Hactenus de planta adulta et quam dicimus perfecta, sed in juniore omnia fere diversa, et cum stirps in magnam
aliquando excrescat molem, neque tamen deponat formam quam in prima gesserat aetate, ut aliquis non modo tyro
verum etiam in hac re versatissimus, paucis tantilm exemplaribus visis, pro distincta haberet specie, melius fore sum
ratus si utramque seorsum describerem, quare quae de juniore dicenda sese mihi offerunt haec sunt;

Caulis planus, duas basi lineas latus, sursum versus gradatim angustatus, in parte inferiore foliis, in superiore
ramis obsitus ; folia disticha, horizontalia, vel deflexa, alterna, spatiis circiter semiunguicularibus disjuncta, duos
pollices longa, nervo nigricante percursa, pinnatifida, segmentis horizontaliter patulis, alternis, propemodiim lineari-
bus, apice obtusiusculis, margine integerrimis, superficie poris mucirluis nigricantibus pertus& ; foliorum inferiorum
latitudo sesquilineam asquat, sed superiora sensim angustantur, donee se in ramos compressos mutant, foliis supra iu
descriptione memoratis obsitos.

Color huic exsiccatae vel rursus madefactae olivaceo-fuscus, sub-diaphanus.

Obs. Per desiccationem hie Fucus chartas non adhasret : — Sertularia cujusdam exiguae et nondum, quod scio
descriptae exemplaria caulem perrepentia vidi : — caulis juxta basin ob ramorum diffractorum reliquias muricatus con-
spicitur.

Eadem ilia causa, quae D. Brown movit ut Fuco nuper in hoc opere descripto F. paradoxi nomen inderet, suasit
etiam ut plantam hie depictam F. decipientem nuncuparet; neque equidem titulus miniis apte huic qudm illi convenit,
cum uterque in diversis astatis suae stadiis facies tam diversas induat, ut jure sit optimo paradoxus habendus, deciperet-

que

80

166.— F U C U S DECIPIENS.

que quemvis etiamsi haud mediocriter in his plantis versatum. F. decipiens noster, si exemplaria juniora et prasser-
tim si horum partem inferiorem intuearis, manifeste est adeundem crescendi modum proclivis per quem F. retrqfiexus
et congeneres tantum a reliquis abludunt. Rami sunt manifeste ortu deflexi, et si e caulis lateribus planis non
omnin6 oriantur, aut si caulis ipse non tarn evidenter quam ille F. torulosi ex articulis distinctis constet, hsec saltern
sunt ambbua. Progrediente autem stirpis a?tate talia omnia evanescunt, neque rami diutius deflexi evadunt, sed
horizontaliter patuli conspiciuntur. Notabile hoc ; sed multo magis est notabile folia ramea turn breviora minusque
frequenter divisa quam in juniore apparere, quod Naturae repugnare videtur. Persuadere tamen mihi nequeo quin
ipse humani aliquid in hoc sim passus, loco natali forsan minus arridente speciminibus a me visis adultis quam
junioribus, aut foliorum incremento in adultis casu impedito, aut denique, quod vix possibile, foliis omnibus laesis.
F. decipiens manifeste ad illam Fucorum familiam attinet, cui sunt folia, quod dicunt, unita ; et inter hos arctissime"
est afflnis F. discordi L. et Fuco in tabula sequente depicto, quorum ab utroque statim dignoscitur per vesicularum
absentiam, ut alios vix minoris momenti characteres prseteream.

a. F. decipiens, magn. nat.

b. stirpis junioris pars inferior.

c. rami pars, magn. auct. - - - - 6.

d. ejusdem portio, ut folium et receptacula in con-

spectum veniant - - - - - 3.

*

i

167.— F UCUS LACERIFOLIUS.

81

Fucus, caule coriaceo, tetragono, bipinnato; ramis e caulis lateribus planis ortis : foliis lineari-lanceolatis, pro-
fundi dentatis, uno singulorum ramorum ad basin reliquis longe majore : vesiculis raris, sphsericis, petiolatis :
receptaculis foliorum ad alas teretiusculis, racemosis.

Habitat apud Portum Dalrymple in Nova HollandiS. D. Brown.
Perennis.

Radix a me nondum visa.

Frons caule assurgens indiviso, pedali, et ultra1, (forsan et multum longiore, cum nihil quod basin proximam
indicaret viderim,) acute; tetragono, inferne pennas Merulae crassitie, hlnc sursum versus senslm attenuate, ut ad
apices vix passerinam aequet, ramis homogeneis per totam longitudinem pinnato, csetera nudo ; rami circa caulem
sub-spiraliter dispositi, e lateribus ejus planis semper orti, alterni, intervallo inter singulos sub-unguiculari, horizon-
taliter patuli, inferiores bi- tri- pollicares, summi duplo breviores, ut frondis peripheria sit sub-pyramidalis, omnes,
caulis instar, tetragoni, illiusque similes, nisi quod tenuiores sint, basi folio instructi unico, quod ipsis vix brevius
bracteae vice fungitur, sessili, lineari, tertiam unguis partem lato, nervo nigricante percurso, margine profundi et
fere ad nervum inciso, dentibus approximatis, his angustis, illis latis, his simplicibus, illis bi- tri- cranis ; rami pri-
marii prater hoc folium unicum aphylli, sed pinnati serie ramorum aliorum minorum, qui, foliiferi, vesiculiferi,
atque fructiferi, sunt primariis multo breviores, eadem qua illi ratione dispositi, et folio unico ipsos superante ad basin
bracteata, prater quod folia quoque per totam longitudinem ferunt alia minora, disticha, horizontaliter patula, re-
motiuscula, alterna, unguem sesquiunguemve longa, e basi angustissima sensim ad semi-lhieae latitudinem dilatata,
atque exinde linearia, ad centrum usque incisa, dentibus angustis, acutis, cilia referentibus, remotiusculis, alternis.
vesicula ramis minoribus prope basin impositae, sed non nisi in uno alterove qui cauli est proximus conspiciendae,
singular in singulis, sphaericae, Lathyri odorati seminum magnitudine, petiolis teretiusculis lineam longis insidentes,
apice folio brevi angusto dentato aristatse, et margine quoque saepe spinis aliquot homogeneis armatae, extrinsecus
laeves, intus cavas et vacua?.

Fructificatio, foliorum ad alas in ramis minoribus sita, e receptaculis constat teretiusculis, vix semi-lineam longis
spinulosis, atris, racemosim congestis, quorum moles perpusilla prohibuit quominus quid in se includunt rite per-
spicerem.

Color, totius plantce recentis verisimillime olivaceus, exsiccates ubique nigricans, madefactee caulis ater, foliorum
olivaceo-fuscus et diaphanus.

Substantia, quae cauli coriacea, cartilaginea est et tenuis in foliis atque vesiculis.

Obs. Per desiccationem chartas non adhaeret.

Immixtum F. decipienti reperit D. Brown exemplar hujus Fuci unicum quod in Mc tabula depingitur, neque
aliud ego ullum hactenus vidi. Dubitavissem idcirco de edendo, si minus a reliquis distinctus sit visus. Talis autem
est, ut animo concipere nequeo ullas, quibus verisimile est ut sit obnoxia, mutationes, quae facere possunt ut cum
alia quapiam commisceretur specie. De fructificatione perpaullum liquet; satis tamen ad monstrandum stirpem
esse quae non minus fructu quam habitu crescendique modo ad jF. natantis familiam pertinet. Huic ascribere nemo
Botanicus dubitaret. Folia ramorum majora bracteas stipulasve referentia characterem speciei certissimum suppedi-
tant, neque sunt iis F. longifolii varietatis y absimilia. Facie autem universali F. lacerifolius potias F. dentifolium
refert, a quo ciim foliorum forma turn horum textura tenuis et totius frondis peripheria pyramidalis primo statim
aspectu distinguunt.

a. F. lacerifolius, magn. nat.

b. ramus, e minoribus, magn. auct. - - - * (j.

c. vesicula et receptacula - - - - 5.

d. receptacula - - - - - - -2.

Vol. III.

M

4

\

82

167.— F U C U S LAC ERIFOLIUS.

Fucus lacerifolius, stem coriaceous, quadrangular, bipinnate ; branches originating from the flat sides of the stem :
leaves lineari-lanceolate, deeply toothed, one much larger than the rest, growing at the base of every branch ;
vesicles few, spherical, petiolate : receptacles sub-cylindrical, growing in racemi at the base of the leaves.

At Port Dalrymple in New Holland. Mr. Brown.

Perennial.

Root, I have never seen.

Frond, rising with an undivided stem a foot or more long, (perhaps indeed much longer, as I have seen nothing
that seemed near a base) sharply quadrangular, as thick below as a blackbird's quill, but gradually attenuated upwards,
so that at its apex it is not larger than a sparrow's quill, beset throughout its whole length with branches of the same
nature and substance as itself, in other respects naked; branches disposed in an irregularly spiral manner, always ori-
ginating from the flat sides of the stem, alternate, separated by intervals of about half an inch each, nearly horizontal,
the lower two or three inches long, the rest gradually shortening, so that the outline of the frond is sub-pyramidal,
all of them square, like the stem, which they resemble in every respect, except that they are more thin, and all fur-
nished at the base with a single linear, sessile leaf, which is scarcely shorter than the branch itself, and looks like a
bractea, it is about the sixth of an inch wide, has a blackish midrib run through it, and is at its margin serrated with
teeth so deep as to reach nearly to the middle of the leaf, standing close to each other, some of them simple, others
having two or three points ; the primary branches have no other leaf besides this one, but are pinnated with a series
of other smaller branches, which bear both leaves, vesicles, and fruit ; these also are undivided, and disposed in the
same manner as the primary ones, like which they have at the base a single leaf longer than themselves, but are
moreover pinnated from top to bottom with other smaller leaves, distichous, between horizontal and patent,
rather remote, alternate, from half an inch to three quarters of an inch long, extremely narrow at their base, whence
they gradually expand till they attain the width of about half a line, when they become linear, deeply cleft at their
margins into rather remote alternate teeth so narrow and sharp as to look like cilia ; vesicles situated at the base of
the smaller branches, but never on more than one or two of those nearest to the stem, and never more than one on
each branch, spherical, as large as the seeds of the Sweet Pea, standing upon sub-cylindrical petioli a line long,
tipped at their apices with a short narrow toothed leaf, and not unfrequently having on their sides a few soft spines,
externally smooth, internally hollow and empty.

Fructification, situated at the axillae of the leaves in the smaller branches, consisting of nearly cylindrical re-
ceptacles, which are scarcely half a line long, covered with small spines, black, placed in a racemose manner, but so
small as to baffle all the attempts I have hitherto made to discover their internal structure.

Color, most probably olive-green in the whole plant when growing, when dry blackish all over, but if again
moistened black in the stem, and in the leaves a semitransparent olive-green tinged with brown.

Substance, of the stem coriaceous, of the leaves and vesicles cartilaginous and thin.

Obs. In drying it does not adhere to paper.

I have seen of this Fucus no other specimen than the one figured in the present plate, which Mr. Brown found
mixed with F. decipiens ; but I have still not hesitated about publishing it as a distinct species, since it seems suffici-
ently different from all others. Of the fructification, though so little is at present known, enough is visible to shew
that the plant in this respect, no less than in its habit and mode of growth, agrees with the family of F. nutans, to
which no botanist would hesitate about referring it. Its larger leaves, which look like bracteae and stipulae, and afford
the strongest character of the plant, are not unlike those of F. longifolius var. y, but in general appearance the
plant rather resembles F. dentifolius, from which it is immediately distinguishable, no less by these leaves, than by
its thin substance and pyramidal outline.

a. F. lacerifolius, natural size.

b. small branch, magnified - - -6.

c. vesicle and receptacles - - - - -5.

d. receptacles -------2.

168.— FUCUS LINIFOLIUS.

83

Fucus, taule coriaceo, teretiusculo, ubique muricato, bipinnato ; ramis alternis : foliis Hnearibus, integerrimis,
serratisve: vesiculis sphaericis, petiolatis; petiolis planis : receptacufis cylindraceis, solitariis, simplicibus, bifur-
cisque.

Fucus Acinaria. Gmelin, Hist. Fuc. p. 99. (excl. Syn. Li?m.) Wulfen, in Jacqu. Coll. IV. p. 342,

Wulfen, Crypt. Aquat. n. I. Esper, Ic. Fuc. L p. 130. t. 65. Fl. Fed. II. p. 330.
Fuco Acinara confoglie lunghe e strette. Ginanni, Op. Post. p. 19- t. 19. n. 36.
Acinara o Agresto marino deW Imperato. Donati, Adr. p. 36. t. 4.
Fucus folliculaceus Unarm folio. Bauh. Pin. p. 365.
.@ asperifolius ; foliis angustissimis, ubique muricatis.

Habitat in Mari Mediterraneo et Adriatico. — Tergesti, minime rarus. Wulfen. — In Mari Nicaseosi et Uneiiser
Allioni. — iEgypti ab oris, una cum var. /3, accepit, D. I. Banks, Baronet.

Perennis.

Radix, quam nondum vidi, est, teste Gmelino, discus explanatus.

Frondes nunc solitariae, nunc ex eadem basi plurimae, singula? caule assurgentes terete, vel e terete compresso,
pedali, bipedali, et ultra, pennae in his anserinae in illis vix coi vinee crassitie, sursum versus attenuato, indiviso, un-
dique plus minus lax£ obsito ramis homogeneis, sui, statural minore dempta, prorsus similibus, sparsis, his vix polli-
cem, illis semipedem longis, cunctis indivisis, sed saepe minorum pariter sparsorum serie obsitis, cunctisque foliosis,
vesiculiferis, atque fructiferis ; folia in ramis alterna, remota, horizontalia, plana, linearia, obtusa, pollicem et
ultra longa, rar6 lineam lata, .sessilia vel in petiolum brevissimum attenuata, nervo tenui nigricante percursa, super-
ficie copiose nigro-punctata, margine nunc, et quidem plerumque, integerrimo, nunc vage serrato, quorum utriusque
exempla saepe in eodem occurrunt specimine ; prope caulis basin conspiciuntur aliquot folia rameis duplo triplove
majora formaeque lineari-oblongae ; vesicula, foliis immixtae, iisque frequentiores, semper ad amussim sphaericae,
neque ullo modo, sicut illae F. Acinaria, in petiolos decurrentes, Vicicc sativa seminibus majores, petiolis fultae
planis angustissimis Hnearibus non rai 6 unguem longis, extrinsecus laeves, intus cavas et vacuae : — totus caulis, sicut
etiam rami, ubique muricatus conspicitur processubus homogeneis, perbrevibus, horizontalibus, copiosis, ramorum
primordia referentibus, unde stirpi facies insigniter exasperata.

Fructificatio in ramis saepissime foliorum ad alas sita, e receptaculis constans cylindraceis, duas tresve lineas
longis, his simplicibus, illis bi- tri- furcis extrinsecus ubique lenissime torulosis, porisque minutissimis pertusis, sub
quibus latent tubercula immersa sphaerica, sed semina omnia e meis aufugerant exemplaribus.

Color, teste Wulfenio, receritis ubique rufo-fuscens, exsiccattz nigerrimus, absque nitore.

Substantia, caulis ramorumque coriacea, foliorum atque vesicularum cartilaginea satisque tenuis, totius stirpi*
madefactce lenta, exsiccates, fragilis flectique nescia.

Var. # folia habet solito multo angustiora, qua», et pariter vesicularum petioli, ubique sunt, caulis instar, muricata,

Obs. Exsiccata charta; non adhaeiet; plures Sertulariaa species pluresque e minoribus Fucis atque Confervis hunc
Fucum perrepere amant.

Diu inter Botanicos innotuit hie Fucus, et diu est ab auctoribus F. acinavii nomine descriptus. Optimo igitur
jure hunc sibi titulum vindicat, quern nihilominus alii ego speciei indidi ; Linnreum in hoc, forsan caece, secutus.
Errori vir ille clarissimus primus dedit ansam ; credeiis nimirum plantam a se ex India acceptam esse eandem quam
auctores antiqui F. acinarium appellaverant, illi licet banc nunquam viderint, et ad hanc referens eorum synonyma,
quae ad stirpem ipsi pariter ignotam reapse pertinuerunt. Deceperant folia utriusque integerrima. In F. limfolio
autem nostro saepe accidit folia integerrima Serrataque in eodem individuo conspici. Chaiacteres qui has invicem
distinguunt stirpes sub jF. acinario Linnstaiio memorantur. Ne serrata F. linifolii folia, presertim si in exemplare
laeso reperiantur, hallucinationibus extent causae magnopere est cavendum. Planta h»c F. vatanli turn insigniter
accedit, et vix est nisi per caulem muricatum dignoscenda. Muricata? hujus fociei absentia me movit, ut Esperi
Iconem (I. t. 66.), quam ipse atque Wulfenius pariter indubie ad F. linifolium referunt, potiiis F. natanti adjungen-
dam existimem. Neque in hoc solo ab aliis mihi contigit discrepare auctoribus, sed et aeque de iconibus Ginannianis,
quas omnes, piaster unam, F. natantis varietates credo. In errorem quam maxime singularem est lapsus hie auctor,
dum F.fruticulosum F. MnifpMi caulem ramosque perrepentem ejusdem partem habet, atque ita liabitum describit
delineatque. In hoc non incorriitatus ; ipse enim Gmelinus, quod longe magis miror, effteroquin acutissimus, non
modo non perspexit errorein, verum et idem depingi curavit. F. linifolii descriptionein, de more apt-imam, dedit
Wulfenius, a qua meae partem sum mutuatus. Multum etiam in illo illustrando desudavit * Donati, icone hand
mediocri adjecta. Ciim necesse fuerit hujus Fuci nomen mutare, novum indidi, deprotnptum ex antiquissimo illo
Bauhini, qui F. Linariee folio dixit. Hunc secutus F. Linariijoliam appelkvisse destiuaveram ; fecissemque, nisi

timerem

* Plurimum ille laboris fructificationi investigandse inipendit, persnasuitiqne sibi habet se optimis in hoc avibus piocessisse. Folioruin poros
pro noribiis masculis, contra eos receptaculorum pro f'acmineis habet ; et nihil de hoc dubitans sic acute argumentari permit, verbornm et nu-
nierornm non ^>ai yo dispendio ; " ISTon voglio qui trattenermi dal manifestarvi il numerd ben sorprendente di fioii, die in una sola Pianta d'
Acinaria 10 rillevai col computo, cioe fieri maschi 545,600 e fiori femmine 1,728,000, onde in tal guisa sono ii riori maschi alle feminine come 1
a 5, cosiche in tale specie ciascheduno de' fiori maschi potia fecondare cinque femmine. Se dunque li due numeri sarauno ridotti ad una soni-

ina, avrassi il prodctto di 2,075,600, uumero in verita sorprendente per una Pianta, die assai di raro giunge ail' altezza di tie Cubiii,"

JJottult, p, 36.

84

168. — F UCUS LINIFOLI US.

timerem ne titulus qui nimis similis sonaret F. linearifolii nostri novas de stirpe jam satis confusl confusiones
excitaret.

a. F. linifolius, magn. nat.
. b. folia que caulis ad basin nascuntur.

c. receptaculum dissectum, magn. auct. - - - 3.

d. pars frondis var. 0 magn. uat.

168.— F UCUS LINIFOLIUS.

Fucus linifolius, stem coriaceous, sub-cylindrical, muricated all over, bipinnate, branches alternate : leaves linear
entire, or serrated : vesicles spherical, standing on flat petioli : receptacles cylindrical, solitary, some simple^
others forked. '

Fucus Acinaria. Gmelin, Hist. Fuc. p. 99. (excl. Syn. Linn.) Wulfen, in Jacqu. Coll. IV. p. 342.
Wtj lf en, Crypt. Aquat.n. 1. Esper, Ic. Fuc. n. 1. Esper, Ic.Fuc.l. p. 130. t. 65. Fl. Fed. 1L
p. 330.

Fuco Acinara confoglie lunghe e strette. Ginanni, Op. Post. p. 19. t. 19. n. 36.
Acinara o Agresto marino dell' Imperato. Donati, Adr. p. 35. t. 4.
Fucus folliculaceus JJnaritz folio. Bauhin, Pin. p. 365.
0. asperifolius ; leaves extremely narrow, muricated all over.

In the Mediterranean and Adriatic Seas. At Trieste, by no means rare. Wulfen. — In the sea near Nice and
Oneglia. Allioni. — Sent from the coast of Egypt, together with the var. /?, to Sir Jos. Banks.

Perennial.

Root, according to Gmelin, an expanded disk.

Fronds, sometimes solitary, sometimes many arising from the same base, each furnished with astern either cylindrical,
or between cylindrical and compressed, from one to two feet or more long, as thick in some specimens as a goose-quill,
in others not thicker than a crow s, gradually attenuated upwards, undivided, beset on all sides more or less plentifully
with branches of the same nature as itself, and exactly like itself, excepting their smaller size, scattered, vaiying in length
from an inch to half a foot, all undivided, but frequently furnished with a series of smaller ones arranged in the same
manner, and all bearing leaves, vesicles, and fruit ; leaves placed alternately upon the branches, remote, horizontal,
flat, linear, obtuse, an inch or more long, but seldom a line wide, either quite sessile, or attenuated at the base
into an extremely short petiolus, having a thin blackish midrib passing through them, their surface plentifully spotted
with small black perforations, their margins sometimes, and indeed most commonly, entire, but sometimes irregularly
serrated, instances of both of which often occur on the same individual ; near the base of the stem are observable a
few leaves twice or thrice larger than those of the branches, and of a shape between linear and oblong : vesicles
mixed with the leaves, and more numerous than they, always exactly spherical, and by no means running down into
petioli, like those of F . Acinaria, larger than the seeds of Vicia sativa, externally smooth, internally empty,
standing on very narrow flat linear petioli not uncommonly an inch long ': — the whole stem, as well as the branches, is
muricated all over with a profusion of extremely short, horizontal processes, of the same nature as itself, and resem-
bling the rudiments of branches, which give the plant a singularly rough appearance.

Fructification, situated upon the branches, and generally at the axillae of the leaves, consisting of cylindrical
receptacles, two or three lines long, some simple, others twice or thrice forked, externally uneven all over with slight
swellings, and perforated with very minute pores, under which lie imbedded spherical tubercles, but all the seeds had
escaped out of these in my specimens.

Color, according to Wulfen, reddish brown in the fresh plant, quite black when dry and without gloss.

Substance, of the stem and branches coriaceous, of the leaves and branches coriaceous and rather thin, flexible
in the whole plant when moist, but brittle after it is dried.

The variety (3 has leaves much narrower than the common appearance of the species, and these, as well as the
petioli of the vesicles, are, like the stem, muricated all over.

Obs. In drying it does not adhere to paper: — many species of Conferva and many of the smaller Fuci and Con-
fervas are often found on this plant.

The Fucus represented in the present plate has long been known by authors under the name of F. Acinaria, and
therefore best deserves that appellation, which I have nevertheless been induced, in deference to the Linnaean Her-
barium,

168.— FUCUS LINIFOLIUS. 85

barium, to bestow upon another. The error .in this case has depended upon Linnaeus alone, who evidently designed
to have described the same plant as had been previously described by those older writers to whose works he referred,
but, trusting implicitly to the character of the linear and entire leaves, took a plant from the East Indies most pro-
bably unknown to them, while theirs, a native of the Mediterranean was, apparently, as little known to him. The
differences between the two have already been pointed out under F. Acinaria, from which, in addition to the cha-
racters there noticed, jF. linifolius is also distinguishable by its being generally found with leaves both serrated and
entire upon the same individual. This circumstance is peculiarly liable to give rise to error, and may often create a
doubt, with respect to imperfect specimens with serrated leaves, whether they do not belong to F. nutans, between
which plant and F. linifolius the muricated stem of the latter seems to afford the most obvious means of judging,
and it was from the want of such a character that I was induced to refer to the former Esper's supposed variety of F.
Acinaria, (I. t. 66.) ; thus differing both from him and Wulfen, neither of whom seems to have had any hesitation
in joining it to the other. I have equally differed from preceding Botanists (with what propriety I must leave to
others to determine) respecting the figures in Ginanni, all of which, except one, appear to me to belong to F.
nutans. This author has fallen into a curious error, in supposing F. fruticulosus, with which he saw the stem of F.
linifolius often covered, to be really the same plant ; and, what is much more extraordinary, even Gmelin was so far
from being positive as to the error, that he seems rather to consider him as right, and has figured a specimen thus over-
grown. Of the plant before us, Baron Wulfen has given an excellent description, from which I have borrowed some
part of my own. Much pains had also previously been taken in the illustration of it by Donati*, who has added to
his description a satisfactory figure. It being necessary to change the name of this Fucus, I have taken a new one
from the appellation originally given it by Bauhin, which I should have copied more nearly, and called the plant F.
linariifolius, had I not found that by so doing I might cause ambiguity between it and F. linearifolius.

a. -F. linifolius, natural size.

b. leaves at the base of the stem.

c. section of a receptacle, magnified - - - 3.

d. part of the frond ofvar. @, natural size.

* He has principally directed his attention to the fructification, which he considered himself as having satisfactorily ascertained, and, calling
the punctures of the leaves male flowers and those of the receptacles female ones, he makes the following curious observations: " Non voglio
qui trattenermi dal manifestarvi il numero ben sorprendente di fiori, che in una sola Pianta d' Acinaria io rillevai col computo, cioe fiori
maschi 545,600 e fiori feminine 1,728,000, onde in tal guisa sono li fiori maschi alle feminine come 1 a 5, cosiche in tale specie ciascheduno de'
fiori maschi potra fecondare cinque femmine. Se dunque li due numeri saranno ridotti ad una somma, avrassi il prodotto di 2,073,600, numero
in verita sorprendente per una Pianta, che assai di raro giunge all' altezza di tre Cubiti." Donati, p. 36.

169.— F UCUS HEMIPHYLLUS.

Fucus, caule filiformi, sub-triquetro, ramis alternis simplicibus obsito : folliis lineari-cuneiformibus, truncatis,
apice erosis, enervibus : vesiculis ellipticis, petiolatis, mucronulatis.

Habitat apud Portum Nagasaki. D. Horner.
Perennis ?

Radix a me nondilm visa.

Frons caule instructa obsolete trigono, de cujus longitudine et pariter an divisus sit necne nihil scio, debili,
flexuoso, pennae passerinae crassitie, filiformi, ramis homogeneis hie illic obsito, caetera nudo ; rami caulis prorsus
similes, nisi quod sint duplo tenuiores, spiraliter alterni, spatiis unguicularibus pollicaribusve sejuncti, horizontals,
semipedem et ultra longi, flexuosi, indiyisi, foliosi, vesiculiferique ; folia alterna, at interdum bina, plerumque re-
mote, honzontahter patula, plana, enervia, elongato-cuneiformia, unguem longa, et supra sesquilineam lata, basi in
petiolum brevissimum attenuata, apice truncato eroso-dentata, margine in plurimis integerrimo, in quibusdam sparse
denticulato, juniora angusta propemodum linearia atque integerrima ; vesiculce e foliorum, haud tamen omnium, alis
ortae, sohtanae vel raniis bina3, ellipticae, Ervi tetraspermi seminibus majores, petiolis haud lineam longis capillaceis
teretibus fultas, apice aristatae mucrone setaceo tenuissimo brevi.

Fructificatio hucusque latet.

Color aquose fuscus ad fulvum accedens, subdiaphanus, nisi in caule. qui intensior; exsiccata badio-fuscus,
absque nitore. '
Substantia cartilaginea, flaccida.

Obs,

as, 169.— F U C U S HEM I P H YLLUS.

. Obs. Per desiccationem chartae non adhaeret.

Elegantem hie exhibeo Fuci speciem, quae fructum quidem in presenti celare pergit; eidem autem est manifest^
annumeranda familias, quae F. Horneri, F. fulvellum, F. pallidum, et F. sisymbroidem -complectitur. Eorundem
etiam, quorum illi, marium estincola; his ab omnibus, sicut etiam a cunctis aliisjamjam detectis Fucorum speciebus
distinguenda per foliorum figuram, quae efficit ut folia primo aspectu dimidiata videantur, parte superiore casu ant arte,
si in hujusmodi re ars aliqua usurpari posset, abrupta. Nomen hinc derivatum, mooente Mertensio, stirpi indidi.
Hie, quaerens mihi gratificari, exemplar in hac tabula delineatum, quod ille unicum accepit ab Hornero, commo-
davit, neque ego ullum aliud hactenus alicunde vidi.

a. F. hemiphyllus, magn. nat.

b. rami pars, magn. auct. - - - 6.

169. — F UCUS HEMIPHYLLUS.

Fucus hemiphyllus, stem filiform, nearly triangular, beset with alternate simple branches : leaves lineari- cuneiform,
truncate, irregularly toothed at their apex, nerveless : vesicles elliptical, petiolated, tipped with a short mucro.

At Nagasaki. Dr. Horner.

Perennial?

Root, I have not yet seen.

Frond, furnished with an obsoletely triangular stem, of the length of which, and whether it is divided or not I am
entirely ignorant, flexuose, weak, as thick as a sparrow's quill, filiform, beset here and there with branches of the
same nature and substance as itself, in other respects naked ; branches exactly like the stem, except in being twice as
narrow, disposed in a spirally alternate manner, separated from each other by intervals of half an inch or an inch in
length, horizontal, half a foot or more long, flexuose, undivided, bearing leaves and vesicles ; leaves alternate, but
sometimes growing in pairs, mostly remote, between horizontal and patent, flat, nerveless, of a shape between linear
and cuneiform, half an inch long, and above a line and half wide, attenuated at their base into an extremely short pe-
tiolus, their apex truncate and toothed as if eaten by insects, their margins in general entire, but occasionally beset
with a few scattered teeth ; the leaves in an early stage of growth are narrow, linear, and every where entire ; vesicles
growing at the axilla? of the leaves, but by no means of all the leaves, solitary, or sometimes found in pairs, elliptical,
larger than the seeds of Ervum tetraspermum, supported upon capillary cylindrical petioli not a line long, and tipped
at their apices with a very short and thin setaceous mucro.

Fructification, hitherto unknown.

Color, a very pale brown inclining to tawny, and semitransparent, except in the stem which is darker and opaque ;
from drying it becomes a chocolate brown and destitute of gloss.
Substance, cartilaginous, flaccid.

Obs. When dry it does not adhere to paper.

This elegant Fucus, which, though its fructification is at present unknown, evidently belongs to the family as F. Hor-
neri, F. paltidus, F.fulvellus, and F. sisymbroides, and was brought from the same seas, is distinguished from all its
congeners, and indeed from every other species of Fucus at present known, by the singular shape of its leaves, which
is such as makes them look as if the upper half had been torn off, and induced Professor Mertens to call the plant by
the name here given it. I am indebted to him for the loan of the specimen represented in this plate, the only one
^vhich he received from Dr. Horner, and the only one also that I ever saw.

a. jF. hemiphyllus, natural size.

b. part of' a branch, magnified

Ck

r

1 70._F UCUS FIMBRIATUS. 87

Fucits fronde membranacea, plana lineari, obsolete costata, ramis sub-alternis enormiter pinnatS, margine ubique
fimbriate ciliis patentibus, abbreviatis, subulatis, demum in capsulas lanceolatas intumescentibus.

Fucusjimbriatus. Brown, MSS.

Habitat in Septentrionalibus Novse Hollandioe oris. D. Brown.
Perennis %

Radix a me nondum visa.

Frons plana, dodrantem fere longa, unam circiter lineam lata et ubique linearis, inferne aliquantulum torta, mox
recta, e caule constans indiviso, per totam longitudinem pinnato ramis homogeneis, distichis, oppositis alternisque,
spatiis bi- tri- linearibus sejunctis, patentibus, inferioribus longissimis et fere semipedalibus, reliquis senslm caulis
apices versus magis magisque abbreviatis, ut summi vix unguem exuperent ; rami primarii, summis brevissimis mod6
exceptis, simili sunt ratione minoribus pinnati, et hi quoque interdum seriem tertiam ferunt ; apices omnibus obtusi
atque rotundati, omnesque rami, sicut etiam caulis, margines habent a basi ad apicem fimbriatos ciliis homogeneis,
horizontaliter patentibus, subulatis, dimidiam lineae partem longis, ejusdemque fere longitudinis intervallo inter sin-
gula, saspe leniter incurvis/ et non rar6 apice bifidis : — frondis partem inferiorem percurrit costa nigricans, ade6 an-
gusta ut oculo inermi lineam mod6 opacam simulet, qua?, uti progreditur, fit pallidior, donee apices versus frondi
concolor facta evanescit: — tota frondis substantia sub lente pulchre, minute tamen, reticulata apparet.

Fructificatio in ciliis lateralibus sita, quae tunc producuntur, et intumescentia in capsulas mutantur exiguas,
lanceolatas, semina foventes aliquot nigro-badia enormiter sphaerica majuscula serie duplici disposita.

Color, amoene dilute badius, subdiaphanus, in caule intensior.

Substantia membranacea, attamen tenax.

Obs. Sertulariam quadridentatam atque anguinam perrepentes vidi hunc Fucum, qui exsiccatus chartae non
adhaeret.

F.fimbriatus hie noster accedit multis iisque diversissimis Fucorum speciebus, si diversas ejus partes separatlm
respicias ; sin totum unk contempleris, primo statlm aspectu ab omnibus longe recedit. Forma facieque generali
quasdam ex F. ciliati angustioribus aut ex F. cornei majoribus varietatibus maxime refert ; substantiam habet fer&
eandem quam JP. rubens; et fructu, quod non expectaret aliquis, cum F. amphibio convenit. Dubitationi tamen vix
est locus quin capsulas quoque sphaericas unA cum lanceolatis proferat ; quod si ita sit, fructificatione prorsus consentit
cum F. dentato, colore etiam huic affitiis, atque insuper his frondem ostentans simili modo costa obsoleta basin ver-
sus percursam. Margines totius plantae ubique constanter et certis intervallis fimbriati certissimam speciei notam
praebent ; quare non dubitavi retinere nomen quod stirpi indi jussit primus atque unicus hujus detector D. Brown,
idem licet alii fuerit Fuco jampridem a Desfontainesio in Fiord Atlanticd impositum- ; cum scrupuli mihi nulli restent
quin ejus F. Jimbriatus sit tantummodd exigua F. discordis varietas. \

a. F.Jimbriatus, magn. nat.

b. rami pars, magn. auct.

c. tmum e ciliis, cum capsula

- 6.

- 2.

88

1 70. — F UCUS FIMBRIATUS.

Fucus fimbriatus, frond membranaceous, flat, linear, obsoletely midribbed, irregularly pinnated with branches
generally alternate, the margins every where fringed with patent, short, subulate cilia, which swell at length into
lanceolate capsules.

Turns fimbriatus. Brown, MSS.

On the North Coast of New Holland. Mr. Brown.
Perennial?

Root, I have not yet seen.

Frond, flat, almost nine inches long, and preserving from top to bottom a nearly equal width of about a line,
somewhat spirally twisted in its lower part, but afterwards straight, consisting of a single undivided stem pinnated
throughout its whole length with branches of the same nature as itself and exactly like it, distichous, some opposite,
others alternate, separated by intervals of two or three lines each, patent, the lowest nearly half a foot long, the rest
gradually shortening as they approach the apices, so that the upper ones are scarcely half an inch long ; the primary
branches, except the very short upper ones, are pinnated with smaller ones disposed in a similar manner, and these
in their turns sometimes produce a third series, which are extremely short ; the ends of all the branches are obtuse
and rounded, and the whole of them, as well as the stem, have their margins from the base to the apex fimbriated
with cilia of the same nature as themselves, each about half a line long, and each standing at a distance of about half
a line from the other, between horizontal and patent, subulate, often slightly incurved, and not uncommonly bifid at
the point : — towards the lower part of the stem is observable a blackish midrib, so narrow as to look to the naked
eye like nothing more than an opaque line, but growing gradually paler as it advances, till it becomes of the same co-
lor as the frond and disappears : — the whole substance of the frond appears under the microscope beautifully, though
minutely, reticulated.

Fructification, situated in the lateral cilia, which are at that time somewhat lengthened, and swell into mi-
nute lanceolate capsules, containing a few blackish brown, irregularly spherical, rather large seeds, lying in a double
row. .

Color, a pale and pleasing reddish brown, semitransparent, darker in the stem.

Substance, membranaceous, but tough.

Obs. Sertularia quadridentata and anguina are found upon this Fucus : — in drying it does not adhere to paper.

There is something in this Fucus very peculiar and unlike all others : in shape and general appearance it approaches
most to some ot the narrow varieties of F. ciliatus, or to the larger ones of F. corneus ; in substance it rather resembles
F. rubens, and in its fruit and texture shews an affinity scarcely to be expected to F. amphibius. Little doubt can, how-
ever, be entertained but that, besides the capsules here figured, it also produces spherical ones ; thus completely
agreeing in point of fructification with F. dentatus, which is likewise of nearly the same color, and has a similar ob-
solete midrib at the base. The regularly fimbriated margins of the frond constitute the most striking character of the
species before us, and Mr. Brown's original name derived from these is so appropriate, that I have felt no hesitation
about adopting it ; entertaining, as I do, not the smallest doubt but that the plant previously so called by Desfontaines
in the Flora Atlantica is nothing more than a small specimen of the Linnsean F. discors.

a. F. fimbriatus, natural size.

b. part of a branch, magnified - - - - 6.

c. one of the cilia, with capsule - - - - 2.

W.J. EE. del*.

171.— F U C U S CACTOIDES.

89

Fucus, caule terete, filiformi, fistuloso, prostrato, repente : ramis sparsis, erectis, teretibus, fistulosis, undique
obtectis ramulis imbricatis, erecto-patulis, elliptico- obovatis, inflatis.

Habitat in Australibus Novae Hollandia? oris. D. Brown.

Perennis.

Radix e caule repente hie illic orta, lutescens, teretiuscula, prinrnm simplex pennaeque corvinae crassitie, mox
in fibras divisa plurimas, tenuissimas, vane" ramosas, pollicem et ultra longas.

Frons, caule instructa prostrato, repente, palmari, aut forsan multo longiore, semper, quantum ego vidi, indiviso,
terete, fistuloso, atque filiformi, sed per desiccationem enormiter longitudinaliter sulcato neque postea in pristinam
revocando figuram, penna olorina crassiore, e parte inferiore radices e superiore ramos emittente, caetera nudo ; rami
sparsi, intervallis nunc pollicem nunc vix lineam longis sejuncti, erecti, semipedales, caule aliquantum tenuiores, teretes,
fistulosi, atque filiformes, sed, caulis instar, per desiccationem collapsi et prasterea per. totam longitudinem ordine certo
annulatim constricti, ut toti constare videantur ex articulis sub-quadratis sibi invicem impositis singulis circiter lineam
longis, hi indivisi, illi apicem versus bifurci, aut ramum unum alterumve brevem lateralem emittentes, omnes ad pol^
licis sesquipollicisve altitudinem nudi, exinde dense: obsiti ramulis (folia vesiculasve, si mavis, odicas) homogeneis,
undique imbricatis, patentibus, elliptico-obovatis, inflatis (per desiccationem tamen rugulosis et planis, utroque pariete
nlteri tenacissime adhaerente) longitudine unguem diametro duas lineas aequantibus, intus cavis et vacuis.

Fructificatio hactenus latet.

Color radicis, caulis, et ramorum, qua cauli sunt proximi, stramineus, ramulorum extrinsecus intense gramineo-
viridis, intus albellus : — tota planta Soli objecta albescit.

Substantia caulis atque ramorum cartilaginea, crassa, dura, et tenax, ut vel exsiccaii figuram fistulosam ser-
vent ; ramulorum cartilagineo-membranacea atque tenuis ; totius stirpis exsiccates firma, rigidiuscula, et fragilis.

Obs. Per desiccationem nitet, quasi vernice oblita, et chartae nequaquam adhaeret : — ramuli crusta sordide albi-
cante calcarea obducti non rar6 reperiuntur.

In primo hujus operis tomo sex describuntur Fucorum species F. cactoidi huic nostro vere congeneres, quarum de
natura fusius paullo sub F. pinnato disserui ; id me persuasissimum habere prsedicans, familiam a reliquis distinctis-
simam mox fore ex his constituendam, quum Alga? demum aquaticae in nova, uti res postulat, genera dispertientur.
Idem quoque antea* fuerat animadversum a Botanico Gallico acutissimo, Lamourouxio, qui nuperrime, in opere,
cui titulus Journal^ de Botanique, suas de hac re observationes publici juris fecit, additis specierum sibi cognitarum
enumeratione atque descriptionibus. Indidit ille huic generi Caulerpa nomen, characterem his verbis definiens ;

" Substantia sub opaca, absque organisatione, armato etsi oculo.

" Fructificatio ignota.

" Caulis horizontalis, repens, subfistulosus, ramosus, interdum simplex."

Subjecit hujus characteris calci analysin Caulerparum suarum chemicam, et simul multa optime de illis observata,
quae omnia hie praetereo, utpote non vere hujus loci, sed rectius ad illam nosti i operis partem pertinentia, ubi de Algis
submersis erit in genere dicendum. Satis sit in praesenti de stirpe quam tractamus loqui. Hanc neque Lamou-
rouxius neque alius quispiam, quod scio, de plantis scriptor memoravit, sed in Nova Hollandia primus et solus de-
texit D. Brown, cujus ego benevolentias acceptam refero. Ille, mecum faciens esse e Fucorum numero excluden-
dam et in novam recipiendam genus, titulo specifico Opuntiam appellate voluit. Aptissimum quidem hoc nomen,
quod mox laetus reponam, coactus nunc rejicere, quia alia jamj am planta est ita dicta, diverssissima? ilia a F. cactoide
familise, sed sub eadem in praesens militans. A congeneribus omnibus F. cactoides eo usque discrepat, ut verba modo
prodigeret quisquis ad dignoscendum plus quam quod in charactere includitur specifico diceret.

a. jF. cactoides, magn. nat.

* Conf. Weberi et Mohrii opus, cui titulus, Beitriige zur Nainrknnde. I. p. 318,
t II. p. 136.

Vol. UL

90

171. — F U C U S C ACTOIDES.

Fucus cactoides, stem cylindrical, filiform, fistulous, prostrate, creeping: branches scattered, erect, cylindrical,
fistulous, covered all over with imbricated, patent, inflated ramuli, of a shape between elliptical and
obovate.

On the southern coast of New Holland. Mr. Brown.
Perennial.

Roots, issuing here and there from the creeping stem, yellowish, sub-cylindrical, simple and as thick as a crow's
quill at their origin, but soon divided into numerous very thin branching fibres an inch or more long.

Frond, furnished with a prostrate creeping st em, four inches, or probably much more, in length, always, as far
as I have seen, undivided, cylindrical, tubular, and filiform, but becoming, from drying, longitudinally sulcated, and
never afterwards recovering their former appearance, thicker than a swan's quill, throwing out roots from their under
and branches from their upper side, in other respects naked ; branches scattered, standing sometimes an inch some-
times scarcely a line from each other, erect, half a foot long, somewhat thinner than the stem, cylindrical, tubular,
and filiform, but, like the stem, collapsing here and there from drying, and, moreover, regularly marked throughout
their whole length with annular contractions, so as to look as if they were composed of a series of squarish joints stand-
ing upon one another, each about two lines long ; of the branches, some are undivided, others near the apices are
forked, or throw out one or two short lateral shoots, all of them are naked to the height of an inch or an inch and
half, after which they are thickly clothed with ramuli (or they might with equal propriety be called leaves or vesicles)
of the same substance and nature as themselves, imbricated on all sides, patent, of a form between elliptical and obo-
vate, tubular, and inflated, when fresh, but from drying becoming wrinkled and flat, the two sides then adhering firmly
to each other, half an inch long, two lines wide, internally hollow and empty.

Fructification, at present unknown.

Color, in the root, the stem, and that part of the branches which is nearest the stem, a pale greenish yellow,
in the upper part of the branches and in the ramuli dark grass-green externally, but whitish within : if exposed to the
sun, the whole plant turns to a horny white.

Substance, cartilaginous, thick, hard, and tough in the stem and branches, so that, even when dried, they pre-
serve their tubular form ; in the ramuli thin, and between cartilaginous and membranaceous : from drying the whole
plant becomes rigid and brittle.

Obs. When dried, it shines as if varnished, and does not in the least adhere to paper : — the ramuli are not uncom-
monly found covered with a dirty whitish calcareous incrustation.

Of the same tribe, to which the fucus here figured belongs, six species have already been introduced in the first
volume of this work, where, under F. pinnatus, it was particularly remarked that, in any future distribution of the
submersed algae into new genera, these plants canno^ fail to constitute a most distinct and interesting family. The
same observation had previously* been made by a very acute French naturalist, M. Lamouroux, who has since that
time published in the Journal de Botanique-f his opiriions upon the subject, together with an enumeration and descrip-
tion of the species known to him, and has given to this genus the name of Caulerpa,% defining it by the follow-
ing character ;

" Substantia subopaca, absque organisatione, armato etsi oculo.
. " Fructificatio ignota.
" Caulis horizontalis, repens, subfistulosus, ramosus, interdum simplex."

M. Lamouroux has added to this character a chemical analysis of the Caulerpce, and many interesting particulars
respecting them, all which belong more properly to that part of my work in which I intend to treat of the Fuci in
general. It is sufficient here to confine myself to the plant before us, which was unknown to that author, and has been
equally so, as far as I can find, to every other writer upon the subject. Mr. Brown, to whom I am indebted for
it, had called it by the specific name of Opuntia, which I shall gladly restore hereafter, and should now willingly
have retained, had there not already been known by the same appellation a plant included with the present in the mass
of Fuci, though belonging to a most different family. Such being the case, I have, to follow the intention of my
friend and at the same time avoid confusion, named this plant jF. cactoides. It is so ualike all others that it is need-
less to say a word upon the means of distinguishing it from them.

a. F. cactoides, natural size.

See IVehcr and Mohr's Beitriige zur Naturkunde. I. p* 318.
+ II. p. 156.

i Derived fioni ko.v\o; caulis & ffwa repo.

172. — F U C US SEDOIDES,

91

Fucus, caule terete, filiformi, fistuloso, prostrato, repente : ramis sp'arsis, erectis, teretibus, fistulosis, undique

obtectis ramulis approximatis, horizontalibus, sub-globosis, inflatis, siccitate fornicatis.
Fucus sedoides. Brown, MSS.

F. uvarius. Linn. Si/st. Nat. II. p. 714?

Habitat apud Insulas, " Kent's islands" dictas, juxta novam Hollandiani. D. Brown*
Perennis.

Radix hie iilic e caule repente orla, lutescens, teretiuscula, primum simplex, at penna quavis passerina multo*
ties tenuior, mox in fibras plurimas lutescentes ramosas unguem et ultra longas enormiter divisa.

Frons caule instructa prostrato, repente, propemodum spithamaeo, terete, per desiccationem tamen compresso
et longitudinaliter sulcato, filiformi, Merulae penna3 crassitie, (fistuloso ?) nunc indiviso, nunc semel iterumve vage
bifurco, intervallis haud aequis emittente e parte inferiore radices, e superiore ramos, caetera nudo ; rami erecti, sparsi,
ni approximati, ill i remoti, ut intervallum nunc vix bilineare, nunc totidem pollices longum, inter singulos intersit,
sesquipollicares, caulis instar teretes, (nisi exsiccati quum rugosi et longitudinaliter sulcati fiunt,) filiformesque, et illo
aliquantum tenuiores, rarius indivisi, plerumque semel iterumve dichotomi, aut duos tresve ramos breves laterales
subfastigiatos emittenfes, omnes ipsam juxta basin nudi, sed exinde undique dense obsiti ramulis (folia vesiculasve si
mavis dicas) homogeneis, imbricatis, horizontalibus, sub-globosis, vel oblongo-globosis, sessilibus, inflatis, diametro
lineam subasquantibus, intus cavis et vacuis : ramuli per desiccationem rugosi fiunt, et fornicati, unoque pariete alteri
tenacissime adhaerente, e membrana mod6 simplice constare videntur.

Frtjctificatio nulla hactenus detecta.

Color in caule stramineus 5 in minis nunc idem, nunc ita intense viridis ut propemodum nigrescat; in ramulis
gramineo-viridis et diaphanus; exsiccata nitens, quasi vernice oblitus ; murcescvnlis vel Soli objecta albus.
Substantia membranacea, tenuissima, ettenerrima; madentis lenta et flexilis ; exsiccattz fragilis.

Obs. Planta ne minimum in se viscidi habens per desiccationem chartas non adhaeret: — semel exsiccata hie illic
contrahitur, et enormiter fit rugosa, neque unquam iterum madefacta in pristinam redit formam.

Quanquam nulla fere est, ut mihi videtur, dubitatio, quin Fucus in hac tabula depictus revera sit idem quern sub
F. uvarii nomine describere in animo habuit Linnaeus, nihilo tamen minus, ciim non desint Botanici quibus scrupuli
quidam de hac re haerent, tutissimum fore duxi, si synonymum Linnaeanum interrogationis signo subjecto citarem,
neque eodem nomine plantam hanc nostram nuncuparem. Hanc igitur ob causam titulum ego hie servavi specificum
quern huic stirpi inditum voluit D. Brown, cujus benevolentise mea exemplaria accepta refero. Eodem olim appel-
iaverant viri optimi, Goodenovius Woodwardiusque, quandam e varietatibus F. ovalis; inter quam, (singulare quidem
hoc,) et F, sedoidem nostrum talis intercedit quoad formam similitudo, qualis efficit ut in utroque describendo necesse
sit iisdem fere verbis uti. Hinc facile duceretur aliquis, cui plantas ipsas videndi facultas defuit, ut crederet vix esse pro
distinctis habendas speciebus ; quod contra nullo modo fieri potest ut sub eodem manei e genere in posterum sine-
rentur. Favet confusioni hinc ortas, quod F. ovalis tabidi color in virescentcm pallescat ; et qudd ramuli, si sine
pressura exsiccentur, rugosi concavique fiant, eodem fere modo quo illi F. sedifofii, sed longe minus certd ad normam.
Utraque harum plantarum F. sedifo/ii nomen accepisse videtur quia Sedo dasyyhyllo similis est habita; jure quidem
hoc ; sed jure pan eundem etiam titulum stirpi diverssissimae, et qua? revera nihil est aliud nisi F. ericijolii varietas,
in Flora Atlantica imposuit cl. Desfontanesius, propter ramulos forma referentes Sedi reflexi, (rectius me judice
dixisset Sedi sexangularis,) folia.

a. F. sedoides, magu. nat.

b. rami pars, magn. auet.

6.

172— F UCUS SEDOIDES.

Fueus sedoides, stem cylindrical, filiform, fistulous, prostrate, creeping : branches erect, cylindrical, fistulous,
covered all over with horizontal, nearly spherical, inflated ramuli, standing close together, becoming vaulted
from drying.

Fucus sedoides. Brown, MSS.

F. uvarius. Linn. Syst. Nat. II. p. 714?

At Kent's islands, near New Holland. Mr. Brown.

Perennial.

Roots, originating in different places without order from the creeping stem, yellowish, nearly cylindrical, simple
at first and many times more thin than a sparrow's quill, but soon irregularly divided into numerous yellowish branch-
ing fibres half an inch or more in length.

Frond, furnished with a prostrate, creeping stem, nearly a span long, cylindrical, but becoming from drying
compressed and longitudinally sulcated, filiform, as thick as a blackbird's quill, apparently fistulous,* undivided in
some specimens, in others once or twice forked without any certain order at irregular intervals, throwing out roots
from its upper and branches from its under surface, in other respects naked ; branches erect, scattered, some stand-
ing close together, others at considerable distances, so that between those there is a space of not above two lines
while these are separated by an interval of as many inches, an inch and half long, cylindrical, except that when dried
they become like the stem wrinkled and longitudinally furrowed, filiform, somewhat more thin than the stem, occa-
sionally, though rarely, undivided, more commonly once or twice dichotomous, or furnished with two or three short
lateral branches of nearly equal height, the whole of them naked in the part immediately adjoining the stem, but
afterwards closely beset on all sides with ramuli, (or they might with equal propriety be called leaves or vesicles) of
the same nature and texture as the branches, imbricated, horizontal, of a form between oblong and globular, sessile,
inflated, about a line in diameter, internally empty : from drying the two sides adhere so closely together that the
ramuli seem to be composed only of a single membrane, and they then become wrinkled, and are hollow, and cup-
shaped.

Fructification, at present unknown.

Color, pale yellowish in the stem; in the branches sometimes the same, and sometimes so deep a green as to be
almost black ; grass-green in the ramuli ; everywhere transparent, and shining when dried, as if varnished : from
exposure to the sun, or in a state of decay, the whole plant turns white.

Substance, membranaceous, extremely thin and tender, flexible when moist, but brittle after it is dried.

Obs. There is nothing whatever viscid or glutinous in the texture of this plant, so that, in drying, it does not
adhere to paper : — when the stem and ramuli have once become contracted and wrinkled, they never afterwards
recover their natural cylindricity.

The Fucus figured in the present plate I have reason to suppose to be the same as was really intended by Linnaeus
under the appellation of F. uvarius ; but, nevertheless, as the matter may appear to others to admit of some doubt,
and as I do not feel myself altogether satisfied upon the subject, I have thought it best to quote his synonym with a
mark of hesitation, and to preserve to the plant before us the specific name given it by Mr. Brown, to whom I have
to acknowledge myself indebted for my specimens. The same name had been previously applied by Dr. Goodenough
and Mr. Woodward to one of the varying appearances of F. ovalis, a Fucus so closely resembling the present in
form, that a botanist, who had never seen them, might, from the description of the two, be led to think there were
scarcely sufficient characters between them to keep them distinct as species, though they belong in reality to widely
different genera. What is likely to increase the perplexity is the circumstance of F. ovalis turning in decay to green,
and its having its ramuli, if dried without pressure, become concave in nearly the same manner as those of
F. sedoides, though much less regularly. The substance of the two is indeed widely dissimilar, and the mode of
growth not less so. To both these plants the name of F. sedoides appears to have been given chiefly with a
reference to Sedum dasyphyllum, but M. Desfontaines has, in his Flora Atlantica, with no less justice called a
variety of F. ericoides by the same appellation, comparing its ramuli with the leaves of Sedum reflexnm, or, more
properly, of Sedum sexangulare.

*

a. F. sedoides, natural size.

b. part of a branch, magnified - ' - - 6.

* Of this I cannot speak with certainty never having seen the plant recent-

173.— FUCUS HYPNOIDES.

93

Fucus, caule terete, filiformi, solido, prostrato, squamuloso : ramis sparsis, erectis, teretibus, solidis, aliis mino-

ribus vage pinnatis ; omnibus undique obtectis ramulis dens£ imbricatis, erecto-patentibus, teretibus, subulatis.
Fucus hypnoides. Brown, MSS.

Habitat apud Insulasj " Kent's islands" dictas, prope Novam Hollandiam. D. Brown.
Perennis.

Radix a me nondum visa.

Frons caule instructa prostrato, terete, pennae anserinse crassitie, et, quantum ego vidi, filiformi, sed an hoc ita sit
necne, et pariter an indivisus an dichotomus, et ad quantam excurrat longitudinem, prorsus nescio, cum nihil nisi
stirpium majorum fragments viderim ; ramos certe caulis hie illic emittit, caetera nudus, praeter squamas aliquot per-
breves, exiguas, horizontals, apice truncato spinulis plurimis minutissimis armatas ; rami erecti, pedales vel sesqui-
pedales, caulis instar, teretes, pennam basi anserinam minorem, apice vix merulinam tequantes, nunc indivisi, nunc
semel iterumve vage bifurci, semper ab exiguo a basi intervallo ad apices usque pinnati ramis minoribus, homogeneis,
distichis, horizontaliter patulis, his alternis, illis oppositis, intprvallo inter sinsulos vix unius linese, omnibus simplici-
bus, circiter sesquipollicem longis, et, nisi quod minores sint, primariorum prorsus similibus, quorum instar ubique
per totam longitudinem sunt obsiti ramulis erecto-patentibus, laxiuscule imbricatis, indivisis, teretibus, vix lineam
longis, et filo emporetico tenuioribus : his in ramulis macular quasdam exiguas subrotundaa interdum conspiciuntur,
quas tamen nihil cum fructu commune habere suspicor.

Fructificatio nulla hucusque detecta.

Color amoene gramineus ; marcescentis fusco tinctus, et Soli diu objects vel in aqua dulci senates albicans.
Substantia caulis ramorumque cartilagineo-cornea, dura, crassa, tenax, ramu/orum membranacea, attamen
haud ita tenuis, totius stirpis madefactce lenta atque flaccida, exsiccata. rigidiuscula fragilisque.

Ob 3. Planta ne minimum in se viscidi succosive habens per desiccationem chartae nequaquam adhasret.

Qualiscunque sit ilia, in qua adhuc versamur, ignorantia de F. hypnoidis hujus nostri radice, quaa certissimum
suppeditat Caulerparum Lamourouxii characterem, non tamen hoc, me judice, prohibebit, quo minus quivis Bota-
nicus, hac stirpe semel visa, harum plantarum numero inseri jubeat, omniumque in prsesens detectarum facile pulcher-
rimam elegantissimamque salutet. Structura quoque gaudet F. hypnoides magis multiplice quam congeneres, quos
omnino sine organisatione praadicat Lamourouxius, hoc inter generis notas maxime essentiales recensens ; habet enim
frondem, quae intus fibrarum reticulatarum congerie manifeste est instructa, et quae extrinsecus plurimis est in caule
squamulis obsita, quarum nihil alibi simile inter Fucos existere scio ; quoniam fieri nullo modo potest ob harum for-
mam ut sint ramulorum recentium rudimenta, aut diffractorum, sicut illae F. squamulosi, reliquia?. Primus et, quan-
tum scio, solus hunc Fucum detexit D. Brown, a nullo antea auctore memoratum.

a. F. hypnoides, magn. nat.

b. ramus, magn. auct. - - - - 6.

c. ramutus - _ _ _ _ - 3.

d. caulis horizontaliter dissectus - - - 3.

e. ejusdem pars - - L- - - -1,

94

173.— FUCUS HYPNOIDES.

Fucus hypnoides, stem cylindrical, filiform, solid, prostrate, scaly: branches scattered, erect, cylindrical, solid,
irregularly pinnated with other smaller ones, the whole of them covered all over with closely imbricated, erecto-
patent, cylindrical, subulate ramuli.

Fucus hypnoides. Brown, MSS.

At Kent's islands near New Holland, Mr. Brown.

Perennial.

Root, I have not yet seen.

Frond, furnished with a prostrate, cylindrical stem, as thick as a small goose-quill, and, as far as T have seen,
filiform, but, having myself met with only fragments of large plants, I am unable to say whether this is always the
case, and also to what length the stem extends, and whether it is undivided or not ; it certainly throws out branches
here and there, and is, apparently, in other respects naked, excepting a few very short and small horizontal scales, of a
cylindrical shape, tipped at their points with numerous extremely minute spines ; branches erect, a foot or a foot and
half long, cylindrical like the stem, as thick at their base as a small goose-quill, but not larger at their apices than a
blackbird's quill, some undivided, others once or twice irregularly forked, all of them pinnated from a small distance
from their base to their summits with a series of smaller branches of the same nature and substance as themselves,
distichous, between horizontal and patent, either opposite or alternate, separated from each other by intervals of
scarcely a line each, all simple, about an inch and half long, and, except in their smaller size, precisely resembling
the primary ones, like which they are throughout their whole length beset with ramuli standing in a direction between
erect and patent, rather loosely imbricated, undivided, cylindrical, scarcely a line long, and thinner than packthread :
—in these ramuli some small roundish spots are occasionally observable, which, however, I regard as having no con-
nection with the fruit, and therefore do not hesitate to consider the

Fructification, as at present unknown.

Color, a pleasing grass-green, taking a brownish tinge when approaching to decay, and turning to white from
exposure to the air, or from being long kept in fresh water.

Substance, between cartilaginous and horny, hard, thick, and tough, in the stem and branches; in the ramuli
membranaceous, but not very thin ; in the whole plant, when moist, flexible and flaccid, but, when dried, stiff and
rather brittle.

Obs. There is not in the nature of this plant the least viscidity or moisture, so that in drying it does not adhere at
all to paper.

Ignorant as we are at present of the roots of the plant before us, there can still, I think, be no doubt in the mind
of any botanist, but that it belongs to the family of Alga called by Lamouroux Caulerpa ; nor will any one, in my
opinion, hesitate about assigning to it by far the first place for elegance and beauty among such of this family as we
are at present acquainted with. Its structure also is much more complicated than that of its congeners, the internal
part of the stem being evidently formed of a reticulated mass of jointed fibres, while the exterior is beset with a
number of scales, to which I know nothing analogous among the Fuci ; it being impossible, from their form, that
they should either be the rudiments of new ramuli, or the remains of old ones, like those of F. squamulosus.. We
are entirely indebted to Mr. Brown for this interesting addition to our catalogue of Fuci.

a. F. hypnoides, natural size.

b. branch, magnified - - - - -6.

c. ramulus - - - - - 3.

d. horizontal section of the stem - - -3.

e. part of the same - - - - - l.

n

{

1 7 4.— F UCUS SCALPELLIFORMIS.

95

Fucus, caule terete, filiformi, fistuloso, prostrato, repente ; ramis erectis, basi teretibus fistulosis nudisque, rnox
planis, linearibus, atque pinnatis ramulis planis, erecto-pateutibus, leniter falcatis, approximate, oblongo-linea-
ribus, obtusis, integerrimis.

Fucus scalpelliformis. Brown, MSS.

Habitat in Meridionalibus Novae Hollandiae oris. D. Brown.
Perennis.

Radix hie illic e caule repente orta, fibrosa, lutescens, primum simplex teres et pennae passerinae crassitie, mox
in fibras plurimas ramosas unguem et ultra longas enormiter divisa.

Fkons instructa caule prostrato, repente, tri- quadri- pollicari, (aut forsan multo longiore, integrum enim nun-
quam vidi,) fistuloso, terete, nisi quod per desiccationem longitudinaliter fiat rugosus neque formam pristinam unquam
postea madefactus recuperet, filiformi, Merulaa pennas crassitie, e parte inferiore radices, e superiore ramos emittente,
caetera nudo : rami erecti, sparsi, intervallis incertissimis sejuncti, quadripollicares vel semipedales, indivisi, teretes
atque nudi ad pollicis altitudinem assurgentes, eandemque ibi fere habentes crassitiem quam caulis, cujus omnind sunt
similes, exinde fiunt plani, circiter lineam lati, lineares, et utrinque obsiti ramulis, qui tamen ita eorum pars esse viden-
tur ut ramos potius pinnatifidos quam pinnatos dicas ; ramuli distichi, patentes, approximati, plani, nervi venarumque
expertes, scalpelliformes, oblongi, obtusi, duas tresve lineas longi, et circiter semilineam lati, margine integerrimi.

Fructificatio hactenus latet.

Color amoene gramineo-viridis, sub-diaphanus, in caule et in ramorum parte inferiore stramineus; cit6 albescens,
si stirps in aqua servetur dulci aut Soli objiciatur.

Substantia caulis ramorumque qua basi proximi dura rigida sub-cornea, alibi membranacea atque tenuissima.

Obs. Rami atque ramorum pars inferior lineis aliquot parallelis, tenuissimis, nigricantibus striati conspiciuntur : —
planta per desiccationem chartae non adhaeret.

Sicut Lamorouxii Caulerpas cum U/vis Zonarusque quodammod6 connectit F. Ophioglossum jam in hoc opere
depictus, locum fere medium inter haac genera occupans, et forma frondis Vivas, Caulerpas ver6 natura sui cauleque
repente referens ; ita etiam Fucum Ophioglossum reliquis sua? familiar speciebus adjungit ille quem in hac tabulai
exhibemus Fucus, cui substantia est e membrana simplice tenui constans, sed frondis forma propior illi F. pinnati et
caeterorum affinium. Notabilis quoque est ha?c species, in hoc etiam F. Ophioglossi similis, qu6d frondem habeat
lineolis obscuris striatam ; nequaquam tamen ostendit structuram sub lente reticulatam. Paucissima mod6 legit
D. Brown exemplaria F. scalpelliformis, quem in nullo alio hactenus vidi phytophylacio. Immemoratum etiam
reliquisse videntur Lamourouxius aliique de Algis submersis scriptores. Frons figura insigniter refert quosdam e
Fissidentibus Hedwigianis.

a. jF. scalpelliformis, magn. nat.

96

174. — F UCUS SCALPELLIFORMIS.

Fucus scalpelliformis, frond cylindrical, filiform, fistulous, prostrate, creeping : branches erect, cylindrical, fistulous
and naked at their base, afterwards flat, linear, and pinnated with flat, erecto-patent, slightly falcated, oblongo-
linear, obtuse, entire ramuli, placed close to each other.

Fucus scalpelliformis. Brown, MS S.

On the southern coast of New Holland. Mr. Brown.
Perennial.

Root, originating here and there from the creeping stem, fibrous, yellowish, at its origin simple cylindrical and as
thick as a sparrow's quill, but soon becoming irregularly divided into numerous branching fibres half an inch or more
long.

Fe ond, furnished with a prostrate, creeping stem, three or four inches in length, or possibly much longer, for I
have never seen it entire, fistulous, cylindrical, except that from drying it becomes longitudinally wrinkled, after which it
never again recovers its original appearance from any subsequent immersion, filiform, of the thickness of a blackbird's
quill, throwing out roots from its lower and branches from its upper side, in other respects naked ; branches erect,
scattered at very irregular intervals, from four inches to half a foot high, undivided, for the first inch from the base
naked and cylindrical, and entirely resembling the stem, then becoming flat, about a line wide, linear, and pin-
nated on both sides with ramuli, which, however, so exactly resemble the branches in their nature and texture, that
these latter might perhaps more properly be called pinnatifid than pinnated ; the ramuli are distichous, patent, placed
close to each other, flat, destitute of veins or midrib, oblong, obtuse, slightly curved, two or three lines long, and
about half a line wide, quite entire at their margins.

Fructification, at present unknown.

Color, pale yellowish in the stem, and in the lower and cylindrical part of the branches, in the other parts of the
plant a pleasing semi-transparent grass-green, turning white from exposure to the sun, or from being kept in fresh
water.

Substance, of the stem, and of the branches where they join the stem, hard, rigid, and rather horny, in other parts
membranaceous and extremely thin.

Obs. In the branches, and at the base of the ramuli, are observable a few parallel, blackish, very thin lines, running
in a longitudinal direction : — on drying, the plant does not adhere at all to paper.

In like manner as F. Ophioglossum, already figured in this work, shews in the form of its frond the transition of
the Caulerpcs, to the TJlvcc or Zonaricv, so the subject of the present plate is a curious link of connection between
that species and the remainder of the same interesting family ; agreeing with these latter in its shape and mode of
growth, but with the former in being composed only of a single membrane. It is remarkable too for being, like
F. Ophioglossum, streaked with a few dark lines ; but it wholly wants the reticulated structure of that plant. The
number of specimens of F. scalpelliformis found by Mr. Brown was very small, and I have never seen it in any-
other collection, nor do I find it mentioned by M. Lamouroux or any writer upon the subject. The resemblance of
its frond in shape to some of the individuals of the Hedwigian genus, Fissidens, is very remarkable,

a. F. scalpelliformis, natural size.

175. — F UCUS SIMPLIC1USCULUS.

Fucus, fronde teretiuscula, filiformi, simpiice, vel ramo uno alterove sparso brevi instructa, apicibus obtusis
incrassatisque ; tota compact! ex utriculis oblongo-clavatis, inrlatis, horizontalibus, per filamenta capillaria
tubulosa raaiosa densissime intertextis.

Habitat apud Insulas " Kent's Islands" dictas prope Novam Hollandiam. D. Brown.

Perennis.

Radix a me nondum visa.

Feons teres, filiformis, permae anserinae majoris crassitie, sub-pedalis, erecta, stricta, nunc prorsus simplex, nunc
semel iterumve vage dichotoma, et nunc, quod quidem ssepius accidit, indivisa, sed ramo uno alterove sparso, sim-
piice, erecto-patente, caulis omnimodis simili, vix pollicem longo, instructa ; apices ubique obtusissimi, et leniter in-
crassati; — frondis totius epidermis, oculo etiam inermi spectata, cooperta videtur papillis exiguis sphaericis, siccitate
depressis concavisque: dissecta et lenti subjecta frons tota constare reperitur e congerie filamentorum capillaceorum,
arctissime implexorum, e quibus oriuntur utriculi homogenei, oblongo-claviformes, haud semilineam lati, horizonta-
liter semper positi, apicibus incrassatis attingentibus frondis superficiem, quae, ita sibi invicem densissime incumbunt,
nihil est nisi horum congeries.

Fructificatio hactenus latet.

Color dilute gramineus; exsiccates atro- virens, et nitens, quasi vernice oblitus; in aqua dulci diu servatae palli-
dior atque demum sordide albicans.

Substantia tenuis, membranacea ; madefactaz lenta et debilis ; exsiccata fragilis.

Obs. Frons per desiccationem plana facta, si luci objiciatur, juxta basin, ubi color saepe deficit, primoaspectu con-
stare videtur e costa crassa nigricante papillis pellucidis obsessa : chartae nequaquam adhaeret.

Incrementa, qua? per peregrinatorum industriam indies fere capit nostra Historiae Naturalis cognitio, efficiunt ut in
nominibus, quae cuivis individuo bene conveniant, seligendis non tenuis sit labor. Nullibi hoc magis quam in Regno
Vegetabili valet, et necessarie praesertim in iis generibus maxima specierum copia scatentibus. Haec inter emicat
Fucus, qui, sicut in praesens constituitur, haud mediocrem Algarum submersaruin partem in se unus capit, multarum
non bene junctarum familial um discordia semina includens. Dubitari nequit, uti jam saepe in hoc opere memoratur,
quin hae familiae posthac segregentur, neque ulla meliore jure vindicat sibi locum generis distinct! quam ilia qua?
Olivio Lamarckia* audiit, ad quam stirps hie depicta attinet. Hoc cum ita sit, nullam aliam de nomine huic
indendo curam adhibui, nisi ut talis delectum facerem, quale a congeneribus suis solis, F. tomentoso et F. Bursa,
hoc sphaerico, illo nunquam non dichotomo, statim dignosceret ; parum solicitus annon inter illas pi an tas quae nunc
appellantur Fuci una sit aut altera cui idem pariter quadraret titulus. Scrupuli mihi adhuc restabant dum F. tomen-
tosum describerem, utrum F. simplicinscuhis hie noster rectius Olivii Lamarckiis aut Lamourouxii Caulerpis associa-
retur. Has quidem textura et facie externa potissimum refert, quippe quibus omnibus idem est color, surperncies
eadem nitida, eademque substantia inter Algas submersas et Zoophyta ambigens, propiusque his quam illis accedens.
Hoc insigniter de iis valet exemplaribus, quae Soli diu exposita tempestatumque mutationes perpessa colorem nativum
viridem mutaverunt albo corneum simulante. Insuper his nihil ostendit F. simp/iciuscutus superticiei illius mollis
velutmaeve per quam altera illae duae Lamarckia species dignoscuntur. E contrario tota est papillis exiguis muriculata.
Structura tamen interior prohibuit quominus Caulerpis adjungerem : fierique forsam potest ut fades papillosa e casu
mod6 pendeat, planta? laesae supeificie tomentosa. detrita. Haudquaquam autem est inficiandum eandem ostendisse
faciem omnia exemplaria a D. Brozm reportata, cui uni debemus quod singularis haec stirps Botanicis innotuerit.
Radice quoque haec omnia caruerunt ; infaustum id, quoniam radix maximi est in Caulerpis distinguendis momenti,
atque ea .F. tomentosi a reliquis Fucis abhorret.

a. F. simpliciusculus, magn. riat.

b. rami pars, magn. auct. - - - - - 6.

c. ejusdem dissect i portio - - - - - 3.

* De bujus generis cliaractere vide qua cunt dicta sub F. tommtoto, III. p. 4.

Vol. III.

98

175.— FUCUS SIMPLICIUSCULUS.

Fucus simpliciusculus, frond cylindrical, filiform, simple, or furnished with one or two short scattered1 branches^
their apices obtuse, the whole consisting of oblongo-clavate, inflated, horizontal vesicles, most closely matted
together by capillary, tubular, branching filaments.

At Kent's Islands on the coast of New Holland. Mr. Brown.
Perennial.

Root, I have not yet seen.

Frond, cylindrical, filiform, as thick as a large goose-quill, nearly a foot long, erect, straight, some specimens
perfectly simple, others once or twice regularly dichotomous, and again others, which indeed is most common, undi-
vided, but beset with one or two scattered simple branches, scarcely an inch long, between erect and patent, and
altogether resembling the leading stem ; the ends of all are very obtuse and slightly incrassated ; the epidermis
of the whole frond appears, even to the naked eye, covered all over with minute spherical papillae, which from
drying become flattened and concave; if dissected and examined under a microscope, the frond is found to consist
entirely of a mass of capillary filaments, very closely interwoven together, out of which arise numerous small vesicles
of the same nature and substance as the fibres, not half a line long, of a shape between oblong and clavate, always
placed horizontally with their larger end pointing to the surface of the frond, which, from their being, so closely im-
bricated, appears to be merely composed of a quantity of them.

Fructification, at present undiscovered.

Color, a pale grass-green, turning to a blackish green from drying, and then glossy, as if varnished ; but, if long
kept in fresh water, fading to a dirty white.

Substance, thin, membranaceous, flexible and flaccid when moist, but brittle after it is dried.

Obs. After the frond is flattened by drying, it appears, if held to the light, in those places where the color has
faded, to consist of a thick blackish midrib, beset all over with pellucid papillae : — the plant does not in the least
adhere to paper.

Considering it as admitting of no doubt that the tribe* of Algae described by Olivi under the name of Lamarkia
will hereafter be allowed to retain its place as a distinct genus, 1 have, in fixing upon a specific appellation for the
present interesting addition to that remarkable family, been guided only by the wish to select such an one, as might
readily distinguish it from either the dichotomous ramification of F. tomentosus or the spherical shape of F. Bursa,
without being deterred by the reflection that, among the heterogeneous mass of plants at present indiscriminately called
Fuci, there may be many to which the same may be equally or even more correctly applicable. While writing the
account of the former of these species, 1 was still doubtful how far F. simpliciuscuhis really belonged to this family,
and whether it would not more properly be ranked with the Caulerpa of Lamouroux, which in its texture and exter-
nal appearance it far more closely resembles ; having the same color, the same glossy surface, and the same substance
' intermediate between the submersed Algae and the Zoophytes, or even partaking, apparently, rather of the nature of the
latter than of the former. Such is particularly the case in those specimens, of which the frond has, from exposure
to the air, turned to a horny white ; and, in addition to this, there is in F. simpliciusculus nothing of the soft velvety
exterior that distinguishes the two other Lamarkice; but the whole, as mentioned in the description, is completely
papillose. I have, nevertheless, felt no hesitation in classing it among them, on account of its internal structure,
nor do I consider it as impossible that the instance of dissimilarity last adduced may be merely the effect of accident;
though it is equally visible in all the specimens brought home by' Mr. Brown, to whom we owe our knowledge of
this plant. The absence of a root to the whole of these is peculiarly to be regretted ; it being so leading a character
of the Caulerpce, and so remarkable also in F. tomentosus.

a. F. simpliciusculus, natural size.

b. part of a branch, magnified - - - - 6,

c. portion of the same dissected - - - - 3.

* See the cltaracter of this genus under F. tomentosus. III. p. 4-

176.— F UCUS PANIGULATUS,

Fucus, fronde coriacea, terete, ramosissima : caule sub-indiviso, obsito ramis patentibus, spiraliter alternis, iteriim
atque iterum divisis, terminalibus apice fructiferis : receptaculis cylindraceis, obtusis, sub-paniculatis : folii*
vesiculisque nullis.

Habitat apud Insulas, " Kent's Islands" dictas, prope Novam Hollandiam. D. Brown.
Perennis.

Radix a me nondum visa.

Fronts caule assurgens unico, pedali, sesquipedali, et ultra, terete, basi penna? corvinae aut anserinae minoris cras-
sitie, exinde apices versus sensim attenuato, ut supra vix fili emporetici molem superet, per totam nunc longitudinem
indiviso, nunc hie illlc sparsim dichotomo, ramis ubique homogeneis obsito, caeteroquin nudo ; rami caulis oninino
similes, nisi qu6d duplo sint tenuiores, patentes, vage spiraliter alterni, intervallis nunc duorum triumve pollicum,
nunc vix totidem linearum, sejuncti, hi semipedem et ultra, illi haud sesquipollicem longi, medii plerumque longis-
simi, sed hoc incei turn, cuncti ad unguis pollicisve a basi longitudinem nudi, aut tantummodo petiolorum diffractorum
reliquiis perbrevibus exasperati, exinde ramis aliis eadem ratione dispositis suique similibus, attamen minoribus, obsiti,
qui quoque alios ferunt, et hos etiam spiraliter alternos, linea? unius spatio inter singulos, teretes, filiformes, seta? por-
cinae crassitie, horizontaliter patentes, unguem fere longos, nunc simplices, nunc bifurcos, segmentis fastigiatis : —
folia atque vesiculae, quantum vidi, desunt.

Fructific atio ramulorum ad apices sita, sed tantummodo eorum ramos majores terminantium, e receptaculis
constans oblongo- cylindraceis, vix lineam longis, ramulis multoties crassioribus, revera solitariis, quamvis ob ramulo-
rum brevitatem conferti et in paniculam exiguam coarctatam dispositi videntur, extrinsecus ubique torulosis porisque
minutissimis pertusis, sub quibus latent tubercula immersa, sphaerica, singula semen includentia unicum, pyriforme,
fuscum, limbo pellucido cinctum, una cum fibris plurimis, tenuissimis, simplicibus, fuscellis.

Color, qui recentis verisimillime fuit olivaceus, fit in exsiccatd, et pariter in rursus madefacta ubique niger
nitorisque expers.

Substantia coriacea, lenta, tenax.

Obs. Sertulariarum minorum aliquot species, una cum conferva quadani hactenus indescripta, hunc Fucum, qui
per desiccationem chartae nequaquam adhaeret, perrepentes inveni.

In animo habuit D. Brown, cui Fucum in hac tabula depictum debemus, illi F. scoparii nomen indere, qui cum
titulus jamjam sit in hoc opere speciei longe diversa? impositus, necesse fuit alium qui huic plantae conveniret de inte-
gro seligere. Talem quaerenti nihil sese obtulit quod plantae magis proprium est visum quam dispositio fructus, qui
efficit ut ramorum apices paniculam referant ; receptacula enim, in omnibus a me adhuc visis exemplai ibus, noa repe-
riuntur insidentia apicibus cunctorum sine discrimine ramulorum, sed illorum tantummodo ramos primarios terminan-
tium. Huic si adjicias characteri vesicularum foliorumque absentiam, habebis, nisi fallor, notas, per quas planta
statim est ab omnibus distinguenda congeneribus, F. barbato uno excepto, cui quidem est ubique arctissime affinis.
Idem enim est utrique crescendi modus, idem color, idem habitus, et magnitude fere eadem, sed receptaculorum
figuia insigniter discrepant. Haec habet F. paniculatus cylindracea atque obtusa, dum ea F. barbati lanceolata sunt et
acuminata. Aliud insuper interest inter has stirpes discrimen ; quod F. particulate caulis ostendat juxta basin aliquid
accedens ad eandem articulatam conformationem, qua gaudent F. retrqflexus, F. tdrulosus, speciesque aliae ramig
jnsignes deflexis.

a. jF. paniculatus, magn. nat.

b. ramus, magn. auct. - - - - -6,

c. receptacula - - - - - - -4,

d. receptaculum, horizontaliter dissectum - - 2.

e. semen et fibres - - - - - 1,

100

1 1 6.— F UCUS PANICULATUS.

Fucus paniculatus, frond coriaceous, cylindrical, much branched : stem mostly undivided, beset with patent, spirally
alternate branches again and again divided, the terminal ones bearing the fructification at their apices : recepta-
cles cylindrical, obtuse, disposed in an irregularly panicled manner : leaves and vesicles none.

At Kent's Islands, near New Holland. Mr. Brown.

Perennial.

Root, I have not yet seen.

Frond, rising with a single stem, from a foot to a foot and half or more long, cylindrical, as thick near the base
as a crow's quill or a small goose-quill, but gradually growing more and more narrow as it rises towards the apex,
where it is not thicker than packthread, in some specimens undivided throughout its whole length, in others here and
there irregularly dichotomous, constantly beset from top to bottom with branches of the same nature and substance
as itself, but in other respects naked ; branches altogether resembliug the stem, except that they are twice as thin,
patent, disposed in a spirally alternate manner, separated by irregular intervals sometimes only of two or three lines
and sometimes of as many inches, varying in length from an inch or an inch and half to half a foot, the middle ones
usually, but not always, longest, all of them naked for a short distance from the base, or only rough with the remains
of broken petioJi, but afterwards beset with a series of other branches, like themselves, but smaller, and disposed in
the same manner ; these in their turns produce a set of still smaller ones, disposed, like the rest, in a spirally alter-
nate order, separated by intervals of about a line each, cylindrical, filiform, not thicker than hog's bristles, between
horizontal and patent, about half an inch long, some simple, others forked, with segments of equal height : — of
leaves or vesicles I have seen in this plant no appearance.

Fructification placed at the ends of the ramuli, but only of such as terminate the larger branches, consisting
of oblong or cylindrical receptacles, scarcely a line long, many times thicker than the ramuli, really solitary, although
the shortness of the ramuli makes them appear clustered into a small and close panicle, externally uneven all over,
and perforated with very minute pores, under which lie imbedded spherical tubercles, each containing a single, brown,
pyriform seed, surrounded by a pellucid limbus, mixed with numerous thin, simple, brownish fibres.

Color, most probably an olive-green in the fresh plant, but turning black and devoid of gloss from drying, and
continuing so when again moistened.

Substance, coriaceous, tough, and flexible.

Obs. Several of the smaller species of Sertularia together with a nondescript Conferva were found upon the
stem of this Fucus, which, in drying, does not adhere in the least to paper.

The name of F. scoparius, designed by Mr. Brown for the Fucus here figured having already been allotted in this
work to a very different species, I have been under the necessity of selecting for the present another; in doing which, I
have chosen one expressive of the panicled disposition of the fruit, which appears, in all the specimens I have seen, not
to occupy indiscriminately the ends of the whole of the smaller branches, but merely of such as terminate the lead-
ing shoots. This circumstance, together with the total absence of both vesicles and leaves, seems sufficiently to
distinguish F. paniculatus from all its congeners, excepting only that to which it is most closely allied, F. barbatus of
Linnaeus, the mode of growth, size, and habit of which are the same, but the shape of the receptacles very different,
being cylindrical and obtuse in the one, but lanceolate and acuminated in the other. There is likewise in F. panicu-
latus, towards the base of the stem, a singular appearance, indicating an approach to the deflexed position of the
branches so remarkable in F. retrojiexus and others.

a. JF. paniculatus, natural size.

b. branch, magnified - - - - - - 1.

c. receptacles ------ - <2.

d. horizontal section of' a receptacle - - - 4.

e. seed and fibres ------ 6.

1 7 7 .— F U C U S VESTITUS.

101

Fucus, fronde coriacea, quadrangula ; caule basi diviso ; segmentis simplicibus, pinnatis ramis abbreviatis, sim-
plicibus, alternis, foliis fructuque dense vestitis : foliis oblongo-linearibus, integerrimis, sessilibus : receptaculis,
compressis, linearibus, sessilibus, spinosis : vesiculis nullis.

Fucus vestitus. Brown, MSS.

Habitat apud insulas, " Kent's Islands" dictas, juxta Novam Hollandiam. D. Brozen.
Perennis.

Radix callus frondi concolor, haud ita magnus, enormiter conicus.

Frons caule assurgens unico, tetragono, diametro juxta basin haud unius lineas, atque exinde sensim attenuate,
sub ipsum ortum fisso in segmenta tria vel quatuor sub-pedalia, indivisa, sed foliis ramisque ita dense obsita, ut, his
tota vestita vix ipsa in conspectum venant ; rami rar6 infra caulis medium positi, ejus e lateribus planis orti, alterni,
patentes, caulis prorsus similes, nisi quod sint angustiores, nunc vix unguem, nunc quatuor pollices longi, simplices,
approximati in his individuis, in illis remotiusculi ; folia, quae in ramis plerumque sunt frequentissima, in vetustiori-
bus fructiferis interdiim prorsus desunt, sparsa, patentia, linearia, apice acuminata, basi in petiolum brevissimum atte-
nuata, nervo tenuissimo nigricante percursa, margine integerrima, ilia quae sunt sita juxta basin ramorum pollicem
longa, et propemodum lineam lata, reliqua quo magis ad apices accedis eo minora, ut summa longitudine vix tres
lineas latitudine vix quartam lineae partem exuperent : vesicula, nullse.

Fructificatio foliis copiosissime immixta, e receptaculis constans approximatis, oblongis, compressis, haud
unam lineam longis, sessilibus, margine sparsim spinuloso-dentatis, superficie pertusa poris minutissimis, sub quibus
latent tubercula immersa, sphaerica, singula semen unicum oblongum fuscum limbo pellucido cinctum foventia.

Color, qui recentis verisiinillime fuit olivaceus, est in exsiccata niger, in rursus madefacta badius.

Substantia caulis ramorumque coriacea, foliorum cartilaginea, satis tenuis.

Obs. Exsiccata charts; nequaquam adhseret, et faciem nullo modo mutat.

E numero fucorum ad F. natantis famiiiam pertinentium paucissimi* modo sunt qui vesiculis prorsus carent ; ut in
talibus a se invicem distinguendis nullus fere pateat dubitationi locus. Hos inter duo tantum hactenus sunt cogniti
foliis ver& integerrimis pra?diti, F. liuearijb/ius et F. vestitus hie noster, qui, dum in hoc uno consentiunt et sic a
reliquis omnibus dignoscuntur, vix ullum alium monstraut utrique communem characterem. F. vestitus, si ramos
fructiferos aphyllos respicias, F . decipietitem quodaminodo refert ; sin eos potius intuearis surculos, qui, sicut in plantae
setate prima accidere solet, foliis sunt cooperti, destituti vero vesiculis, necesse foret cavere ne commisceres cum
F, muricato, nisi qu6d hujus facie scabra, speciei nota maxime insigni, semper careret.

a, b. F. vestitus, magn. nat,

c. folium, magn. auct. - - - - - 6.

d. rami fructiferi pars - - - - - 6.

e. receptacula - -- -- -- 4.

f. receptaculum horizoyitalitttr dissectum - -3.

g. semina - - - - - - -1.

Quinque modo in hoc opeie jam sunt editap. species, quae ullo modo referri possnnt ad ilium Fiicorum ordinem, qui dicitnr, " Fuci foliis
distinctis, absque vesiculis." Hi quinque sunt F. diversifolius, F. lendigerus, F. linearifolius, F. quercifolius, et F. vestitus. Cum tameri etiam ex
his quiuque suspicari liceat duos primum memoratos iiUerduin vesiculis esse piaeditos, et cum tres posteriores sint stirpes quorum pauca hac-
tenus vidimus exemplaria ut de illis perpaullum innotescat, fieri nequit quin sciupuli mini restent annon omnes certis temporibus locisve vesi-
culas ferant, atque idcirco anuon hie oido potius sit aboleudus.

177.— FUCUS VEST IT US.

Fucus vestitus, frond coriaceous, quadrangular ; stem divided at the base into a few simple segments, pinnated
with short, simple, alternate branches, thickly clothed with leaves and fruit : leaves oblongo-linear, quite entire, .
sessile :' receptacles compressed, linear, sessile, spinous : vesicles none.

Fucus vestitus. Brown, MSS.

At Kent's Islands near New Holland. Mr. Brown.
Perennial.

Root, irregularly conical, of the same color as the frond, in proportion to which it is rather small.

Frond, rising with a single quadrangular stem, not a line in diameter near the base, and thence gradually taper-
ing upwards, divided immediately adjoining its origin into three or four segments, which are about a foot long,
and undivided, but so thickly beset with branches and leaves, as to be quite covered with them, and scarcely visible
themselves ; branches seldom found below the middle of the stem, out of the flat sides of which they always grow,
alternate, patent, precisely like the stem, except in their smaller size, varying in length from half an inch to
four inches, simple, some standing close together, others rather remote ; leaves generally extremely numerous upon
the branches, but sometimes altogether wanting in the older fruit-bearing shoots, scattered, patent, linear, acumi-
nated at the apex, at the base attenuated into a very short petiolus, marked with a narrow blackish midrib, their mar-
gins quite entire, those situated near the base of the branches an inch long, and nearly a line wide, the rest growing
gradually smaller and smaller as they stand more near the ends, so that the upper ones are scarcely three lines in
length, or the fourth part of a line wide : vesicles none.

Fructification, most abundantly intermixed with the leaves, consisting of oblong, compressed receptacles,
placed close together, not a line long, sessile, their margins toothed with a few small scattered spines, their surface
punctured all over with exceedingly minute pores, under which lie imbedded spherical tubercles, each containing a
single, brown, oblong seed, surrounded by a pellucid limbus.

Color, most probably, an olive-green when the plant is fresh, but turning quite black in drying, and becoming a
chesnut brown from subsequent immersion.

Substance, coriaceous in the stem and branches, in the leaves cartilaginous and thin.

Obs. In drying, it does not adhere to paper or change its appearance.

So exceedingly small* is the number of Fuci at present known to exist belonging to that section of the family of
F. natans which is destitute of vesicles, that the different individuals composing it are immediately distinguishable
from each other. F. linearifolius and the subject of the present plate are the only ones of which the leaves are per-
fectly entire ; but, while these two plants agree in this important circumstance, they are dissimilar in almost every
other ; so that no botanist, who had either seen the figures or read the descriptions of them, could ever feel a moment's
fear of confounding them. F. vestitus, in its fertile, but leafless, branches, bears a much greater general resem-
blance to F. decipiens, from which its leaves are so widely different ; while in such young shoots as are wholly clothed
with leaves but destitute of capsules, it might almost be mistaken for F. muricatus, except that it always wants the
rough appearance, so characteristic of the latter species.

6.
6.
4.
3.
1.

* Only five species have yet been figured in this work that can by any means be regarded as belonging to the division of " Fuci, foliis dis-
tinctis, absque vesiculis," F. diversifolius, F. lendigerus, F. linearifolius, F. vestilus, and F. quercifolius. Even of these, it may be considered as
doubtful if the two first do not under certain cases bear vesicles, and this circumstance, added to the knowledge that such Fuci of this tribe
as are generally found wiUi them are sometimes found without them, makes me feel much diffidence in giving a positive opinion that any
really want them.

a, b. F. vestitus, natural size.

c. leaf, magnified -

d. part of a branch, with fruit -

e. receptacles - - - -

f. horizontal section of a receptacle

g. seeds -----

178.— FUCUS BOTRYOIDES.

Fucus, froride cartilaginea, compressa, bipinnata : ramis primariis horizontalibus, elongatis ; secundaria patentibus,
abbreviatis ; his ramuliferis ; ramulis conoideis, obtusiusculis, granulosis, confei tisj

Habitat apud insulas, " Kent's Islands" dictas, prope Novam Hollandiam, rupibus in aqua parum profundi
innaScens. D. Brown.

Annua'?

Radix fibrosa, repens, fibris plurimis frondi concoloribus, ejusdemque cum ilia indblis.

Frons instructa caule compresso, filiformi, longitudine sex pollices latitudine semilineam aequante, indiviso, ubique
8enissim£ flexuoso, et per totam longitudinem ramis homogeneis pinnato, caetera nudo ; rami distichi, alterni, horizon-
teliter patuli, intervallis semiunguicularibus sejuncti, inferiores bi- tri- pollicares, medii aliquantum longiores, exindfe
sursum versus sensim abbreviati, ut summi vix unguem sequent, omnes, instar caulis, quo sunt angustiores, compressi,
Jeniterque flexuosi, omnesque, sicut ille, indivisi, et nudi, nisi quod minorum simili modo dispositorum serie sint
instructi, qui quoque sunt compressi, alterni, patentes, indivisi, inferiores pollicem, snperiores vix lineam longi, utrique
obsiti ramulis, qui, dum hos totos cooperiunt, in illis sunt distichi et intervallis brevissimis sejuncti, eandem in utris-
que formam magnitudinemque servant, nempe longitudinem vix linea una majorem, figuram breviter conoideam^
obtusiusculam, extrinsecus ubique granulosam, ut, si parva liceat componere magnis, sub lente visa botrum referant
uvis confertissimis scatentem.

Fructificatio nulla hactenus detecta.

Color anioene dilute purpurascens, fuscello perfusus ; exsiccata intensior, et quasi nigricans; Soli objects aut in
aqua du/ci servatce sensim pallidior factus, et demum in lutescentem evanidus.
Substantia cartilaginea, pulposa, lenta, tenax.

Obs. Per desiccationem chartse leniter adhaeret.

Non desunt, ut probe scio, Botanici, qui persuasissimum sibi habent, F. botryoidem Wulfenianum esse revera a
F. ovali distinctum, et quibus idcirco necessarie male factum videbitur, quod idem sit hie nomen speciei diverse in-
ditum. Tale censentibus in promptu est responsum ; scilicet omnia nos, edocuisse Wulfenii plantam vix esse pro
F. ovalis varietate definiendam, nedurn pro vera specie habendam ; et titulum, quem ille tulerat, jure optimo pertinere
ad hunc, cujus ramuli, uti supra in descriptione memoratur, per lentem maximi augentem visi botrum valde simulant*
F. thyrsoidi olim in hoc opere depicto Natura arctissime accedit F. botryoides. Color est et substantia utrique idem ;
et vix est dubitandum quin fi uctificatione pariter conveniant, et quin hgec fructificatio eundem in utroque situm occu-
pet. Liquet tamen per exemplar in hac tabula depictum, ramulos F. botryoidis, etiamsi steriles, figuram habere in-
flatam talein, qualis haud est in F. thyrsoide, nisi fructifero, observanda. Crescendi etiam modo hi duo Fuci mul-
tum discrepant, et, frondis peripheriam si spectes, minor est F. botryoidi cum F. thyrsoide quam cum F. obtuso
affinitas. Ab ambobus statim est dignoscendus ; ramulorum enim figura nequaquam cum F. obtuso convenit, et frong
plana pyramidata toto caelo a F. thyrsoide discrepat.

a. F. botryoides, magn. nat.

b. frondis pars, magn. auct. - - - - 6.

c. ejusdem portio - - - - - -4.

d. ramuli longitudinalith dissecti particula - - 3.

104

178.— F UCUS BOTRYOIDES.

Fucus botryoides, frond cartilaginous, compressed, bipinnate : primary branches horizontal and long; secundary

ones patent, short, and bearing conical, bluntish, granulated, clustered ramuli.
At Kent's Islands, near New Holland, on rocks in shallow water. Mr. Brown,

Annual '?

Root, creeping, consisting of numerous fibres, of the same color and texture as the frond.

Frond, furnished with a compressed, filiform stem, about six inches long and half a line wide, undivided, every-
where very slightly flexuose, and throughout its whole length pinnated with branches of the same nature as itself, in
other respects naked ; branches distichous, alternate, between horizontal and patent, separated by intervals of nearly a
quarter of an inch each, the lowest two or three inches long, the middle ones somewhat longer, the rest thence grow-
ing shorter as they approach the apices, where they do not reach half an inch in length; all of them are compressed,
and somewhat flexuose, like the stem, than which they are more narrow, and all, like it, are undivided, and naked,
except that they are furnished with a series of smaller ones, disposed in the same manner as themselves, and likewise
alternate, patent, and undivided, the lowest of which are an inch long, and the extreme ones scarcely a line, but
both equally beset with ramuli, which wholly cover the latter, but in the former are distichous, and separated by
short intervals ; in both instances they are of the same shape and size, their length scarcely exceeding a line, and their
form being that of a short bluntish cone, externally granulated all over, and, to compare small things with great, con-
siderably resembling, when magnified, a bunch of thickly clustered grapes.

Fructification, not at present discovered.

Color, a pleasing pale purplish, with a brownish tinge; turning much darker from drying; but, if exposed long
to the sun, or kept in fresh water, growing gradually more and more pale, and at last fading into a faint dirty yellow.
Substance, cartilaginous, full of moisture, flexible, and tough.

Obs. In drying it adheres slightly to paper.

To this plant, which is among the most beautiful species brought by Mr. Brown from the coast of New Holland,
the appellation of F. botryoides is so peculiarly applicable, on account of the singular appearance of its ramuli, that
lhave felt no scruple in so naming it, though I am well aware that there will not be wanting botanists, who will be
of opinion that I have in this done wrong, thinking that the F. bot/yoides of Wulfen is really distinct from F. ovalis.
The circumstance of the specimen here figured being completely barren makes it evident that the swollen form of the
ramuli does not depend upon the fructification, as is the case with those of F. thyrsoides, which is its nearest affinity,
and with which there is no doubt of its agreeing, as well in the nature and situation of the fruit, as in the color and
texture of the frond. The general habit of the two is indeed considerably dissimilar, and in this latter respect F.
botryoides approaches more nearly to F. obtusus, from which the figure of its ramuli immediately distinguishes it, as
these, together with its nearly flat frond and its different outline, keep it at first sight separate from F. thyrsoides.

a. F. botryoides, natural size.

b. part of the frond, magnified - - - - 6.

c. portion of the same - - - - - 4.
d part of a ramulus longitudinally cut open - 3,

1 79. — F UCUS CONGESTUS.

105

Fucus, fronde gelatinoso-cartilaginea, filiformi, ramosissima. : ramis densissime confertis : ramulis horizontalibus,,

setaceis, remotiusculis, leniter incurvis, secundis.
Fucus congestus. Brown, MSS.

Habitat apud Insulas, " Kent's Islands" dictas, prope Novam Hollandiam. D. Brown.

Annua'?

Radix a me nondum visa.

' Frons c«w/eassurgens unico, subindiviso, tri- quadri- pollicari, vel forsan multum longiore, cum nihil basi proximum
in prassens viderim, terete, inferne Merulee fere pennae crassitie, exinde sensim attenuate, ramis undique obsito
sparsis, caulis prorsus similibus nisi quod paullum sint tenuiores, unius alteriusve linea? intervallo inter singulos, hori-
zontaliter patulis, duos tresve pollices longis, ipsis iterum obsitis aliis brevioribus tenuioribusque ratione simili dispo-
sitis, qui primariorum juxta basin infrequentiores prope apicem confertissimi oriuntur, suntque ter quaterve dichotomi,
segmentis patentibus, fastigiatis, summis ferentibus aliquot ramulos, ramorum omnimode praeter molem minorem
similes, patentes, leniter incurvos, secundos, subulatos, vix lineam longos, intervallis brevissimis distinctos.
Fructific atio hactenus latet.

Color fusco-lateritius, non sine purpurascentia ; exsiccates atro-purpureus ; nitoris semper expers.
Substantia gelatinoso-cartilaginea, carnosa, tenax.

Obs. Habitus insigniter densus et congestus : — si stirps diutius aequo in aqua dulci servetur, frondis apices, colore
vero deperdito, sordide albicantes fiunt : — per desiccationem chartae leviter adhaeret, minuiturque in molem vix ma-
dentis dimidiam, superficie tunc rugosa facta et insequali, neque unquam postea laevitatem pristinam recuperat.

In descriptione hujus Fuci supra data nihil omnin6 de ejus fructu proferre sum ausus, verens ne, si ita facerem,
lectores meos in errorem inducerem ; quoniam fructificatione tali, qualis perfecta est ullo jure dicenda, caruerunt
omnia hactenus a me visa exemplaria. Res autem quamvis ita sit, nihilo taraen minus satis sub lente monstrant haec
specimina, ut absque multa dubitatione de F. congesto praedicare liceat, capsulas ferre ramorum superiorum ad latera
sessiles, convenireque in hoc cum illis speciebus, ad quas habitu, quod aiunt, generali potissimum accedit. Has inter
stirpes, si figuram frondis aut si texturam respicias, nulli est arctius quam F. purpurascenti affinis, et hunc magnitu-
dine forsan in littoribus nativis aequat, de quo multum doleo quod plantae a D. Brown reportatae omnes diffractae
nullam dijudicandi viam suppeditent. Colorem etiam habet hie noster Fucus ab illo F. purpur ascent is haud ita
multum abludentem, quamvis certe minus purpureo perfusum minusque diaphanum. Exsiccatus F. tenacem
quodammodo refert, evidemque prorsus textura. gaudere videtur, ut nullus dubitem quin ad eosdem sit aptus usus. ,
Ramorum minorum dispositione (qua, donee deprehenditur fructus, character specificus necessario maxima ex
parte nititur) cum F. aciculari consentit; hujusque instar Fuci frondem habet tilis pellucidis articulatis longitudinali-,
bus intus repletam.

a. F. congestus, magn. nat.

b. rami pars, magn. auct. ------ 6.

c. ejusdem portio - - - - - - - - 5.

d. particula dissecta, ut fibres interna in conspectum veniant 3.

Vol. III.

P

106

179— F UCUS CONGESTUS.

Fucus congestus, frond between gelatinous and cartilaginous, filiform, much and irregularly branched : branches

thickly crowded : ramuli horizontal, setaceous, rather remote, slightly curved, standing on one side.
Fucus congestus. Brown, MSS.

At Kent's Islands, near New Holland. Mr. Brown.
Annual ?

Root, I have not yet seen.

Frond, rising with a single, mostly undivided stem, three or four inches long, (or, perhaps, much longer, for I
have observed in no specimens any appearance of the base being near) cylindrical, about the size of a blackbird s
quill in their lower part, and thence gradually diminishing upwards, on all sides beset with scattered branches, which
are precisely like the stem, except in being somewhat more thin, and stand in a direction between horizontal and
patent, two or three inches in length, and in their turns support other shorter arid thinner ones disposed in the same
manner ; these latter are loosely scattered near the base of the primary branches, but much crowded towards their
extremities, and are three or four times dichotomous with patent segments of equal height, the upper ones bearing a
few ramuli in every respect similar to the branches, except in their smaller size, patent, slightly incurved, standing on
one side of the branches, subulate, scarcely a line long, and separated by extremely short intervals.

Fructification, at present undiscovered.

Color, that of red bricks, tinged with brown, and not without a mixture of purplish ; turning, when dry, to a
blackish purple : always devoid of gloss.

Substance, between gelatinous and cartilaginous, fleshy, tough.

Obs. The habit of the plant is remarkably thick and bushy: if kept too long in fresh water, the apices of the
frond turn to a dirty white : — in drying, it adheres slightly to paper, and shrinks to less than half its original size,
besides which, its surface becomes so wrinkled and uneven, that it never afterwards, from subsequent immersion, com-
pletely recovers its original cylindricity.

Impossible as it is at present to say any thing with certainty as to the fructification of this Fucus, it may neverthe-
less be allowed us, from the appearance under the microscope of the few specimens brought home by Mr, Brown,
to pronounce, without much hesitation, that it bears its fruit on the sides of the upper shoots, and that it does not in
this respect greatly differ from those species to which it is in other particulars most strongly allied. Among these,
its nearest natural affinity is with F. purpurascens, which it strikingly resembles, both in its mode of growth, its
habit, and its texture ; nor is it by any means impossible but that it may attain to an equal size with that species,
though nothing 1 have at present seen would justify me in saying that it does so. Its color, also, is not greatly
unlike that of P. purpurascens, though certainly less purple, and less transparent. When dried, F. congestus looks
like F. tenax, nor have I a doubt of its being applicable to the same purposes. In the disposition of its smaller
branches, upon which, in our present ignorance of its fructification, its specific character must be considered as
chiefly depending, it agrees with F. acicularis, and, like that plant, has the interior part of its frond full of trans-
parent, jointed filaments, lying in a longitudinal direction.

a. F . congestus, natural size.

b. part of a branch, magnified -

c. portion of the same -

d. small part, cut open to shew the internal fibres

- 6.

- 5.
3.

180.— FUCUS PLICATUS.

107

Fucus, fronde cornea, terete, sequali, vage dichotoma, ramis obsita subsecundis, horizontalibus, simpliciusculis,
implicatis, confertissimis ; apicibus obtusis : tuberculis enormiter hemisphaericis, sessilibus.

Fucus plicatus. Gmelin, Hist.Fuc. p. 142. t. 14. f. 2. FL Ang. p. 589- Fl. Scot. II. p. 929- With.
IV. p. 1 14. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. 11. p. 1385.

Fl. Dan. t. 408. Linn. Trans. III. p. 228. Ner. Brit. p. 23. t. 7. Syn. Fuc. II. p. 323. Eng. Bot.
XVI, t. 1089. FL Fed. Mi p. 332. Fl. Fr. Ed. Ida. \\, p. 37. Clemente. p. 319-

Ceramium plicatum. Roth, Cat. Bot. II. p. 162. Fl. Germ. HI. p. 458.

Fucus trichoides nostras aurei color is, ramulorum apicibus furcatis. Raii Syn. p. 45. n. 26. Moris. Hist.
Ox. III. p. 649. n. 10.

F. coralloides erectus. Raii Syn. p. 51. n. 57. Moris. Hist. Ox. III. p. 649. n. 8.
£. elongatus ; fronde sub-dichotoma ; segmentis elongatis, strictis, subfastigiatis.
F. plicatus. /3. Syn. Fuc. II. p. 324.

jF. longissimus. Esper, Ic. Fuc. I. p. 44. t. 20. (excl. syn.)
y.fastigiatus ; fronde dichotoma, fastigiata, tuberculis lateralibus, hemisphaericis.

Habitat in Britanniarum oris, vulgaris. — In mari Balthico, ad Holsatiam. Gmelin. — Gallia? ad Httora. De~
candolle. — Juxta Gades. Clemente. — Ad rupes maris Nica?ensis. Allioni. — (3. apud Weymouth. D. Bryer.
— Apud Brighton. D. Borrer. — In Hiberniae Septentrionalis oris. D. Templeton. — y. in Novae Holiandiae
oris. D. Brown.

Perennis. Oct. — Apr.

Radix callus exiguus, dilatatus, albicans.

Frondes ex eadem basi plurima?, tri- quadri- pollicares, aut interdum semipedales, teretes, a basi ad apicem
ubique ad amussim filiformes, seta? porcina? crassitie, hie illic vage quater pluriesve dichotomae, intervallis inter furcas
incertissimis, sed plerumque ad dimidiam fere altitudinem indivisae asswrgeutes, segmentaque habentes summa unguem
longa et simplicia ; quod tamen in diversis individuis est diversum, quaedam enim sunt ipsum ad ortum et pariter ad
apices biftirca, furcis summis divaricato-patentibus : omnibus e ramis plu6 minus copios£ emicant ramuli homogenei,
laterales, horizontales, absque ordine dispositi, ut hie sint approximati, illic remoti ; hie, quod saepius accidit, secundi,
illic quaquaversum spectantes ; hie vix linea sint longiores et indivisi, illic pollicem superent, sintque dichotomi, aut
etiam minoi ibus obsiti : de horum autem situ saepissime praedicare licet, confertiores longioresque reperiri, quo magis,
planta? apicibus appropinquant, et hie magis sursumversus spectare, situm horizontalem patenti mutantes : totius
plantae apices sunt obtusi, quasi truncati.

Fructificatio* tubercula minutissima, enormiter hemisphserica, in ramis superioribus lateralia, sessilia, nunc
remota, nunc conferta, aut etiam confluentia, quaedam etiam ipsis*f- apicibus imposita, quibus ob colorem intensiorem
faciem dant crematam, illi capillorum ustulatorum haud absimilem.

Color maxime variabilis, nunc intense purpurascens, (qualis verus plantar color videtur, cum praecipue juxta
frondis basin, ubi mutationibus minus est obnoxius, reperiatur) nunc dilutior, nunc roseus, nunc fuscus, nec rar6
flavus, aut lutescens, aut etiam albissimus : — aliquando plurimi ex his, si non omnes, in eodem individuo conspiciun-
tur, ut planta pulcherrime versicolor evadat : — semper est semidiaphanus, excepto in tuberculis, nitidusque.

Substantia J cartilagineo-cornea ; madentis lenta et tenax; exsiccates, cornea, rigida, et fragilis.

Var. 0 ad novem pollicum altitudinem assurgit, fronde magis regulariter, praesertim apices versus, dichotoma, seg-
mentis erecto-patentibus strictisque ; ramulis lateralibus longe infrequentioribus.

Var. y, quae an hujus sit loci dubito, mole et facie cum /3 convenit, sed substantia gaudet teneriore minusque cor-
nea, colore e purpurascenti roseo, fugace, in album evanescente, fronde ubique dichotoma, ramis lateralibus
destituta, segmentis erectis fastigiatis, tuberculisque hemisphaericis, vere, nisi fallor, seminiferis.

Obs. Densissimis caespitibus amat haec planta crescere, ita insigniter plicatis implicitisque ut vix nisi lacerando
extricari possint, et verus crescendi modus aegr£ detegatur : — ob ramorum copiam singula? frondes in magnam molem
excrescunt, atque idcirco facile per ventorum marisque furores a rupibus nativis fracta? divelluntur, radice relicta, qua?
ergd rarissime est a Botanicis conspecta: — per desiccationem chartae nequaquam adhaeret, sed tortuosa fit et
crispa.

Ea est F. plicati textura cornea faciesque metalli neti similis, tamque insignem se reddit ha?c species per crescendi
modum implicitum, a quo nomen ducit, ut, quamvis ramorum dispositione multum ludat, nihilo tamen minus hoc non
obstat quin ascribendus sit in illorum Fucorum numerum, qui facillim& dignoscuntur, et omnibus fere Botanicis diu
innotuerunt. Excipiendi quidem sunt Linnaeus et Esperus, quorum hie in Fucorum Iconibus stirpem longe diversam,
et de qua nihil certi dicere ausim, sub F. plicati nomine depictam exhibuit, et ille in operibus suis omnibus penitus
banc plantam praetermisit, nisi forsan cum F.fastigiato commiscuerit, utrosque conjnngendos ratos. Fieri enim nullo

* An vera fructificatio?— sane nescio :— semina certe in his nulla vidi, sed structuram piorsus uniformcm ; et libra; pariter defueriint : fignra
quoque non omnibus est eadem, ut potius verrucas simulenr, et forsan sunt nihil aliud.

t Rothius capsulas interdum esse pedunculatas dicit, talibus forte deceptus, qua>. in ramulis brevissimis sunt terminales:— sed, ut verum
fatear, de verbis modo lis est.

% Bene habet de substantia Lightfootius ; " it bears a strong resemblance to what the anglers call Indian grass, that is, the tendrils issuing
from the extremities of the ovary of the dog-fish,"

108

1 80. — F U C U S P L I C A T U S.

modo potest ut sic praetermissam ignorasset, cum duo acceperat exemplaria a Koeuigio, qua? in Herbario suo servata
reliquit, subscripto nomine, F. fastigiato ; stirpe qua? interdum ita forma variatur, ut ad Fuci hujus nostri varietatem
£ quodammodo accedat. . Multo autem magis Fuco Griffithsia affinis est F. plica t us, de quo jam sub illo tractavimus.
Varietatibus duabus supra descriptis adjicienda forsan est tertia, memorata a Clemente, . quam tamen non enumeravi
una cum aliis, non tarn quia nondum est a me visa, quam quia fatetur auctor, si quis aiius, ingenuus se dubitare an
vere ad F. plicatum attineat. Hanc ille varietatem prope Gades reperit, sequentibusque verbis describit, de quibus
hoc unum monendum censeo, me nunquam F. plicatum, quantumvis versicolorem, coccineum vidisse : " F. plicatus.
v. coccineus. Fronde vix pollicari, teuuissima, pulchre coccinea."

a. F. plicatus, magn. riat.

b. rami pars (cum capsutis'S) magn. auct. - - 6.

. . .

IB .tnotWk .ww»*a»% mum emm hA— .»«mtf ' •

180— FUG US PLICATUS.

Fucus plicatus, frond horny, cylindrical, of equal size throughout, irregularly dichotomous, beset with clustered,
entangled, horizontal, mostly simple branches, generally pointing in the same direction ; apices obtuse : tubercles
irregularly hemispherical, sessile.

Fucus plicatus, Gmelin, Hist. Fuc. p. 142. t. 14. f. 2. Fl. Ang. p. 589- Fl. Scot. II. p. 929. With. IV. p.
• 1 14. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II. p. 1385.

Fl. Dan. t. 408. Linn. Trans. III. p. 228. Ner. Brit. p. 23. t. 7. Syn. Fuc. II. p. 323. Eng. Bot. XVI.

t. 1089. FL Ped. II. p. 332. Fl. Fr. Ed. Qda. H. p. 37- Clemente. p. 319-
Ceramium plicatum. Roth, Cat. Bot. II. p. 162. FL Germ. III. p. 458.

Fucus trichoides nostras aurei colons, ramulorum apicibusfurcatis. Raii Syn. p. 45. n. 26. Moris. Hisl.

Ox. 111. p. 649- n. 10.
F. coralloides erectus. Raii Syn. p. 51. n. 57. Moris. Hist. Ox. III. p. 649. n. 8.
8. elongatus; frond mostly dichotomous ; segments long, straight, generally of equal height.

F. plicatus. jS. Syn. Fuc.W. p. 324.

F. longissimus. Esper, Ic. Fuc. I. p. 44. t. 20. (excl. syn.)
y. fastigiatus : frond dichotomous •, segments of equal height ; tubercles lateral, hemispherical.

On the shores of the British Isles, common. — Coast of Holstein, in the Baltic. Gmelin. — Coast of France,
both north and south. Decandolle. — Near Cadiz. Clemente. — Rocks about Nice. Allioni. — /?. at Wey-
mouth. Mr. Bryer. — At Brighton. Mr. Borrer. — North of Ireland. Mr. Templeton. — y. on the coast of
New Holland. Mr. Brozen.

Perennial. October — April.

Root, a small, expanded, whitish, callous disk.

Fronds, numerous from the same base, three or four inches or sometimes half a foot long, of the thickness .of
hog's bristles, cylindrical, perfectly filiform from their origin to their apices, irregularly branched in a dichotomous
manner at most uncertain intervals, but generally rising undivided to about half their height, and having their ultimate
segments half an inch long and entire ; but this varies in different individuals, for some are forked immediately adjoinr
ing their root, and again at their very summits with segments between patent and divaricated : out of the sides of all
the branches arise a greater or less quantity of ramuli of the same nature and substance as themselves, horizontal,
placed without order ; so that some stand close together, while others are remote ; some, as is indeed generally the
case, point only one way, others are equally distributed round all sides of the branches; some are not above a line
long and simple, others exceed an inch in length, and are dichotomous, or even beset with a series of still smaller
ones : ai) general, however, it is observable with regard to the ramuli, that towards the base of the plant they are
remote, short, and horizontal, while, as they approach the apices, they grow more clustered and longer, and affect a
patent direction : the tips of the whole frond are obtuse, and appear as if they had been truncated.

Fructification,* extremely minute tubercles, of an irregularly hemispherical shape, growing sessile upon

* I have great doubt how far these tubercles are real fructification : — the structure of such as I have examined has been quite uniform in-
ternally, and destitute both of seeds and fibres: they vary too in form, and look rather like warty excrescences, which perhaps they
really are.

A.

180.— F UCUS PLICATUS.

109

the sides, of the upper branches, remote in some cases, in others clustered, or even confluent ;* some of them are
also situated upon the points of the ramuli, to which their dark color gives an appearance like that of singed hair.

Color, very variable, either dark purple, which seems to be the true color of the plant, being found generally
near the base which is least exposed to change, or a paler purple, or pink, or brown, and not uncommonly dark or
light yellow, or even white : — it occasionally happens that the greater number or the whole of these are observ-
able in the same individual : — it is always glossy, and semitransparent, except in the tubercles.

Substance,-)- between cartilaginous and horny; flexible and touu,h while moist; but horny, stiff, and brittle,
after it is dried.

The variety 0 rises to the height of nine inches, having its frond more regularly dichotomous, especially in its upper
part, with segments between erect and patent, and straight : its lateral ramuli are far le^s numerous.

Respecting y I much doubt how far it really belongs to this species ; its size and appearance agree with the pre-
ceding variety, but its substance is more tender and less horny ; its color between purple and pink, soon changing to
white ; its frond regularly dichotomous, with erect segments of equal height, destitute of lateral ramuli ; its tuber-
cles all quite hemispherical, and, if I am not mistaken, really full of seeds.

Obs. This plant grows in so thick and entangled a manner, that a single frond can scarcely be separated without
tearing, and its true mode of branching is with difficulty perceivable : the great quantity of its branches make it sin-
gularly bushy in its upper part, and give the winds and waves such power over it that it is generally torn from its
native rocks, leaving the root still attached, on which account this part has very seldom been seen by botanists : — on
drying, it becomes much curled, and does not in the least adhere to paper.

The singular horny or wiry texture of F. plicatus, and, still more, the peculiar mode of growth to which it owes
its name, render it so easily distinguishable from all others, that, irregular as it is in point of ramification, it is never-
theless one of those Fuci that have been most universally known and best understood among botanists. Linnaeus and
Esper are almost the only exceptions to this general observation, the latter of whom has figured under the name of
F. plicatus a widely different species, that I am unable satisfactorily to refer to any I am at present acquainted with,
and the former has passed it altogether unnoticed, though he has left in his Herbarium two specimens, badly
indeed preserved, sent him by Konig, and marked by himself F. fastigiatus, with some appearances of which plant
the variety /2 of the one before us has more affinity, than most botanists who have seen but little of it would be dis-
posed to allow. Besides the two varieties above described, a third is mentioned by Clemente, who at the same time
admits that he is not certain of its really belonging to F. plicatus, on which account, having never seen it myself, I
have not added it to the others. He finds it near Cadiz, and describes it as scarcely reaching to an inch in height,
and as having very thin bright scarlet filaments, a color that among the many various hues of this plant I never saw
or heard of.

a. F. plicatus, natural size.

b. part of a branch ( with capsules ? ) magnified - 6.

* Roth has probably been led by some circumstance of this kind to observe that the capsules are occasionally pedunculated, whereas they
are really sessile on the ends of the branches : it is, however, in fact nothing more than a difference in words.

t Lishtfont is happy in his remark upon the substance, that " it bears a strong resemblance to what the anglers call Indian grass, that is, the
tendrils issuing from the extremities of the ovary of tbe (log-fish.

181.— FUCUS DIVA RIG AT US.

Fucus divaricates, frond between gelatinous and membranaceous, cylindrical, filiform, much and irregularly
branched : branches divaricated, loosely beset all over with horizontal, short, subulate, irregularly pectinated
ramuli : spherical capsules imbedded in the substance of the larger branches.

Fucus divaricatus. Brown, MSS.

On the coast of New Holland. Mr. Brown.
Annual.

Root, at present unknown.

Fr ond, furnished with a cylindrical, filiform stem, of the thickness of a sparrow's quill, three or four inches in
length, (or, probably, much longer, for 1 never saw it entire,) irregularly divided into several divaricated segments of
unequal length, all of them furnished here and there with shorter and more thin horizontal branches of the same
nature and substance as themselves, aud the whole of these are likewise beset on all sides with horizontal ramuli sepa-
rated from each other by extremely short intervals, cylindrical, capillary, about a line long, some only forked, others,
and indeed the greater number, pectinated with a few still smaller ones, quite similar to them, and disposed in the
same manner : — it not uncommonly happens that a ramulus is here or there observable longer than the rest, and taking
the appearance of a primary branch, from which none of them differ otherwise than in their smaller size.

Fructification, small, spherical capsules, half immersed in the substance of the larger branches and half pro-
minent, of a deep red color, solitary, scattered without order, containing a cluster of exceedingly minute, irregularly
oblong, dark red seeds, which at length escape by the bursting of the capsule.

Color, pale pink, semitransparent, very fugitive, and fading to white.

Substance, a gelatinous membrane, extremely tender.

Obs. In drying, it adheres closely to paper.

This elegant Fucus, which belongs to the same natural order as F. lcaliformis and F. clavellosus, is in its size and
mode of growth most nearly allied to F. hamulosus,* which has not yet been discovered with spherical capsules,
though it most probably produces them. Even supposing, however, such to be the case, a sufficient and obvious
difference between the two will be found in the shape of the ramuli, which in F. divaricatus are singularly pectinated,
and appear, before the plant is carefully examined, greatly to resemble those of the beautiful Conferva Plumula.
The name of F. divaricatus was originally assigned, as is sufficiently known, by Linnaeus to a casual appearance of
F. vesiculosus, which I conceive that but few Botanists will concur with the immortal Swede in regarding as a dis-
tinct species ; but even those, if there be any, who may do so, may still be satisfied, that in following the example of
my friend, Mr. Brown, and giving the same appellation to the species before us, there is little risk of a confusion of
synonyms ; as it is impossible but that the two plants should hereafter be placed in distinct genera. Of the one before
us Mr. Brown met with only a single specimen.

a. Fucus divaricatus, natural size.

b. branch, magnified - - - - - 6.

c. capsule ------- 3.

d. seeds - - - - - - -1.

* I say nothing as to the possibility of F. divaricatus not producing scattered seeds, as from its nature and appearance there does not seen*
to me the slightest room for doubt of its doing so ; and no argument can be deduced in opposition to such an opinion front the circumstance of
their not being yet found, since only one specimen of the plant has been detected, and that had capsules, which, it is sufficiently known, are
aot seen on the same individuals as bear the naked seeds.

181.— FUCUS DIVARICATUS. Ill

Fucus, fronde gelatinoso-membranacea, terete, filiformi, ramosissima; rami's divaricatis, ubique laxe obsitis ramulis
horizontalibus, abbreviatis, subulatis, vage pectinatis : capsulis sphaericis in ramis majoribus iramersis.

Fucus divaricatus. Brown, MSS.

Habitat in Novae Hollandiae oris. D. Brown.
Annua.

Radix hactenus latet.

Frons caule instructa terete, filiformi, pennaa passerinse crassitie, tri- quadri- pollicari, (aut forsan multo lorigiore,
integrum enim nunquam vidi) vage in segmenta plurima, quorum longitudo est incerta, divaricata fisso, omnia ramis
homogeneis brevioribus tenuiorib usque horizontalibus hie illic obsita, qui cuncti, sicut etiam caulis, per totam undique
longitudinem sunt obsiti ramulis horizontalibus, his quoque homogeneis, brevissimo inter singulos intervallo, teretibus,
filiformibus, capillaceis, circiter lineam longis, his mod6 bifurcis, illis, cujusmodi sunt plurimi, pectinati aliquot aliis,
adhuc minoribus, sui similibus, similique ratione dispositis : — non rar6 evenit ramulum unum alterumve hie illic pro-
duci, quasi inramos, quos, mole minore dempta, prorsus referunt, sint mutandi.

Fructificatio capsulae exiguae, sphaericae, in ipsa ramorum majorum substantia semi-immersae, coccineae,
solitariae, hie illic sparsae, seminum minutissimorum, enormiter oblongorum, intense rubrorum congeriem foventes,
quae demum disruptae effundunt.

Color dilute roseus, semidiaphanus, fugacissimus, et in album evanidus.

Substantia tenerrima, gelatinoso-membranacea.

Obs. Per desiccationem chartae arete adhaeret.

Elegantissima ilia, cujus iconem hie exhibemus, Fuci species manifeste est eidem ascribenda familia? qua? F. kali-
formem et F. clavellosum includit ; sin frondis molem crescendique modum respicias, nequaquam tfim arete ad hos
accedit, qiutm ad F. hamulosum, cujus nulla adhuc sunt detecta exemplaria capsulis sphaericis praedita, quamvis vix
ullus dubitationi locus extet quin tales aliquando ferat. Utcunque autem hsec se res habeat, si fructu hae duae stirpes
prorsus conveniant, et si capsulis sphaericis F. hamulosus,* F. divaricatus autem lauceolatis instructus postea detegatur,
nulla tamen esset in distinguendis difBcultas ; satis enim discriminis ponitur in ramulis, qui in F. divaricato sunt pecti-
nati, videnturque cuivis obiter intuenti haud absimiles illis pulcherrimae Conferva Plumulte. Nemo fere nescit
Botanicus Linnaeum olim indidisse idem quod haec planta nunc fert nomen cuidam e .F. vesiculosi varietatibus, quam
pro specie distincta habuit, in quo pauci modtS viventem sunt secuti, et, nisi fallor, nullus nunc sequi vellet. Dum-
mod5 autem sint qui ita censentes male factum dicerent, qu^d synonymorum confusionem augere pergamus, his in
promptu est responsum ; scilicet, tale vix evenire et nullo modo durare posse, cum necesse sit omnino ut hae du33
stirpes nihil fere commune habentes in genera diversissima dispescantur. Unum tantummod5 Fuci sui divaricati
exemplar legit D. Brown, qui solus hactenus reperit.

a. F. divaricatus, magn. nat.

b. ramus, magn. auct. - - - 6.

c. capsula - -- -- --3.

d. semina - - - - - - l .

* Hoc vix verisimile videtur, sed contra omnia in F. divaricati indole testantur semina nuda sparsa esse in illo qiiaerenda. Tali opinion i
nequaquam obstat quod talia nondum sint detecta ; ciim unicum modo hactenus viderimus planta- exemplar, idque capsuliferum, satisque con-
stet capsulas et semina nuda in eodem non reperiri individuo.

112

182— FU CUS CORNICULATUS.

Fucus corniculatus, frond between cartilaginous and gelatinous, filiform, in its lower part cylindrical and naked, hi

its upper compressed and bipinnate ; pinnae horizontal, compressed, with cylindrical and acuminated apices.
Fucus corniculatus. Brown, MSS.

At Kent's Islands, near New Holland. Mr. Brown.

Perennial.

Root, a small, callous disk, throwing out a few cylindrical suckers, which are decumbent at their origin, but soon
rise into new plants.

Fronds, consequently, numerous from the same base, each furnished with a single stem two or three inches in
length, cylindrical and of the thickness of a sparrow's quill near its origin, and continuing so till it has attained to half
its height or more, when it becomes somewhat dilated and compressed, and thus proceeds linear till it reaches its
apex, where it again grows cylindrical, and ends in an acuminated point ; it is in general undivided, but sometimes
forked, and occasionally, though rarely, twice or thrice dichotomous ; to the distance of about an inch from the base
it is always naked, but afterwards pinnated with branches of the same nature and texture as itself, standing distichous,
and horizontal, some alternate, others opposite, some close together, others rather remote, the whole of them pre-
cisely resembling the stem, except in their smaller size, the lower ones, which are longest, extending to about half an
inch in length, the rest gradually shortening, so that the upper ones are not above a line long ; the apices everywhere
remarkably acuminated ; the longer branches are pinnated with a series of smaller ones, which, when the plant is
young, are very short and simple, but in older specimens become in their turn pinnated with others, thus giving the
frond a singularly clustered appearance, so that its true mode of growth is not perceptible except on a close exami-
nation.

Fructification, at present unknown.

Color, a pale livid purple in the recent plant, with sometimes an seruginous tinge, diaphanous, but brown at the
tips, as if they had been singed, very fugitive, and turning, from exposure to the sun, or from being kept in fresh
water, to a pale yellowish, or a greenish yellow, and at last to a dirty white: when dry, it becomes much darker,
and is in some places a very deep purple, in others a yellowish brown.

Substance, between gelatinous and cartilaginous, full of moisture, and tender : horny and rigid after it is dried.

Obs. The surface of the frond is very smooth, and in drying it does not adhere to paper.

No traces whatever of fructification are visible in the specimens of this plant gathered by Mr. Brown, so that we
are wholly left to analogy to determine the family that it may most properly be arranged with; in doing which there is,,
fortunately, but little difficulty, its whole habit and texture so strongly pointing out its affinity to F. corneus and its
congeners. Among these, in color and substance, it is most nearly allied to F. gigartinus, but not so in its mode of
growth ; for in this r spect it so exactly agrees with F. cartilagineus, that a suspicion might almost be entertained whe-
ther it be not in reality merely a stunted variety of that species ; a supposition that would evidently be unfounded ; as
independently of the difference of color and texture, the former of which, however changeable in land plants, is of
much importance in determining marine ones, they are also distinguishable by the cylindricity of the lower part of F.
corniculatus, and by its constantly acuminated apices. The name applied by Mr. Brown to this, as well as to the
preceding species, had been previously given to a very different one ; but may nevertheless be here used without objec-
tion, the F. corniculatus of Wulfen* having been acknowledged by the noble author himself to be nothing more than
a variety of F. ericoides.

a. F. corniculatus, natural size.

b. horizontal section of the stem, magnified - - 3.

* I say this upon the authority of the reviewer of the Cryptogama Aquatica in the AUgemcine Litei-atur-ztiiung, for 1805. III. p. 453,

185.— FUGUS CORNICULATUS.

113

Fuc'us, fronde gelatinoso-cartilaginea, filiformi, inferne terete et nuda, superne compressa et bipinnata ; pinnis hori-

zontalibus, compressis, apicibus teretibus acuminatisque.
Fucus corniculatus. Brown, MSS.

Habitat apud Insulas, " Kent's Islands" dictas, juxta Novam Hollandiam. D. Brown.
Perennis.

Radix callus exiguus, discoideus, stolones aliquot emittens teretes, ortu decumbentes, mox in novas frondes
assurgentes.

Frondes hinc ex eadem basi plurimae, singula? caule instruct* unico, bi- tri- pollicari, juxta basin terete et
pennae passerinas crassitie, quali etiam modo et filiformis ad dimidiam aut ultra altitudinem attollitur, quando per-
paullum fit explanatus atque compressus, progrediturque ita linearis ad apices, ubi iteruni attenuatus teresque factus
desinit in acumen ; caulis nunc, et quidem plerumque, indivisus, interdum est bifurcus, aut etiam, sed rar6, bis terve
vage dichotomus, semper ad altitudinem circiter pollicis nudus, exinde autem pinnatus ramis homogeneis, distichis,
horizontalibus, alternis, oppositisque, his approximatis, illis remotiusculis, omnibus caulis prorsus similibus, nisi quod
minores sint, inferioribus, qui longissimi, unguem fere longis, reliquis sensim abbreviatis, ut summi lineam haud
exuperent, et aculeos mod6 referant ; cunctorum apices insigniter sunt acuminati : rami longiores aliorum minorum
serie sunt pinnati, qui in stirpe juniore brevissimi et simplices, in adulta elongati conspiciuntur atque ipsi iteriim aliis
pinnati, ut valde conferti sint, nec nisi attentius intuenti vera cresceudi ratio pateat.

Fructificatio hactenus latet.

' Color recentis dilute livido-purpurascens, serugineo aliquand6 perfusus, diapbanus, ipsis tamen apicibus fusci«,
quasi ustulatis, fugax ; Soli objectcc aut in aqua dulci servata lutescens, vel e viridi lutescens, et demiim sordide
albicans ; exsiccate longe intensior fit, et hie atro-purpurascens, illlc fusco- flavescens evadit.
Substantia gelatinoso- cartilaginea et tenera, succi plena, per desiccationem cornea et rigida,

Obs. Planta lajvissima exsiccata chartae non adhzeret.

In hujus Fuci exemplaribus a D. Brown lectis, qua? sola hactenus Botanicis innotuerunt, nulla omnino fructus
detegenda sunt vestigia, ut analogic mod6 niti cogamur, si de ejus afKnibus loqui, et in alicujus Fucorum familiae
numerum inserere velimus. Auspicat6 tamen evenit, quod talis sit huic pianta? indoles, qualis prohibet quominus in
hoc faciendo dubitemus ; omnia enim F. corneum et congeneres affectaut. Hos inter, colore et substantia, maxim&
F. gigartimim refert ; crescendi autem modo toto caelo ab hoc discrepat, et cum F. cartilagineo eo usque convenit,
nt vix minim mihi videretur, si non deessent aliqui qui existimarent esse nihil aliud nisi ejus varietatem casu quodam
pumilionem redditam. Hi autem certissime hallucinarentur ; sunt enim stirpes, si quae alias, distinctae, dignoscendaj
per F. corniculati frondem basi teretem apicibus acuminatis, et pariter per substantiam, et per colorem dissimilem,
qui in Algis marinis distinguendis multum valet, nec mutationibus est, sicut in plantis terrestribus, obnoxius. In hoc
Fuco, ut in praecedente, evenit nomena D. Brown impositum ohm fuisse alii inditurn, neque tamen idcirco rejiciendum ;
F. corniculatus enim Wulfenii, consentiente b. auctore, inter F . ericoidis varietates in posterum est recensendus.

a. F. corniculatus, magn. nat.

h.frons horizontalitir dissecta, magn. auct.

- S.

Vol. Ill,

Q

114

183.— FUC US RANGIFERINUS.

Fucus rangiferinus, frond cartilaginous, compressed, subdichotomous, beset with short, distichous, horizontal,
multirid ramuli, standing close to each other, and mucronated at their tips, which swell into lanceolate
capsules.

Fucus rangiferinus. Brown, MSS.

At Kent's Islands, near New Holland. Mr. Brown.

Perennial 'I

Root, a flat, widish, callous disk.

Fronds, numerous from the same base, two or three inches long, compressed, nearly a line wide at their origin,
and continuing so till they have attained to the height of three-quarters of an inch or an inch, where they become
forked with more narrow patent segments, which in their turns are repeatedly dichotomous at uncertain intervals,
regularly growing more narrow as they rise : in addition to this mode of ramification, the frond also shoots out,
especially near the apices, numerous, lateral, scattered, patent branches, of the same nature and substance as itself,
some, and indeed the greatest part, scarcely a line long, and either quite simple or only forked at the tips with
exceedingly short segments between patent and divaricated, others much longer, and twice or thrice forked, or even
beset with a few shorter lateral ones ; the apices of the frond are everywhere acute ; the margins quite entire ; the
segments all of equal height.

Fructification, very minute, roundish, deep red seeds, scattered about the tips of the lateral ramuli, which
then swell into a lanceolate shape.

Color, a beautiful semitransparent scarlet, soon changing, from exposure to the sun, or from being kept in fresh
water, to a pale dirty yellow, and at last to white.

Substance, cartilaginous.

Obs. The mode of growth is singularly thick and bushy : — in drying it does not adhere to paper.

In size and general habit the fucus here figured approaches so nearly to F. spermophorus, that on a cursory view
it might almost be taken for a variety of it, but, if examined more attentively, especially in its smaller branches, it
will be found to bear a considerably greater resemblance to F. cervicornis, which, from a nearly similar conformation
of its ramuli, has received also a very similar appellation. From the former of these species F. rangiferinus is im-
mediately distinguished by its ramification, which is by no means, as in F. spermophorus, merely dichotomous, but
also abounds in lateral shoots ; while from every specimen that I have yet seen of the latter it may be known at first
sight, not only by its size and color, but likewise by its very different mode of growth ; the whole plant being com-
pressed, and gradually growing more and more narrow from the base upwards, while F. cervicornis has a flat and
comparatively wide stem, the branches lining which are many times more narrow and cylindrical.

a. F. rangiferinus, natural size.

b. part of the frond, magnified

c. small portion of the same, in fruit

d. part of a capsule -

6.

4.

2.

183.— FUG US RANGIFERINUS.

Fucus, fronde cartilaginea, compressa, sub-dichotoma, ramulis obsita distichis, approximatis, horizontalibus,
abbreviatis, multitidis, mucronatis, in capsulas lanceolatas apice iatumescentibus,

Fucus rangiferinus. Brown, MSS.

Habitat apud Insulas, " Kent's Islands" dictas, prope Novam Hollandiam. D. Brown.

Perennis ?

Radix callus explanatus, discoideus.

Frondes ex eadem basi plnrimae, duos tresve pollices longae, compressa?, juxta ortum lineam fere* lata?, atque
eandem servantes latitudinem, donee ad sesquiunguis vel pollicis altitudinera attingunt, quum bifurca3 fiunt, segmentis
angustioribus, patentibus, ipsis rursus pluries vage dichotomis, utraque serie subjacentibus angustiore, atque insup^r
edentibus, praesertim apices versas, ramos homogeneos, laterales, frequentes, patentes, hos, quales sunt plurimi, vix
lineam longos, nunc simplices, nunc apice bifurcos, furcis brevissimis divaricato-patentibus, illos duplo triplove lon-
giores, «t bi- tri- furcos, aut etiam uno alterove breviore laterali sparsim obsitos ; frondis apices ubique sunt acuti,
marginesque integerrimi ; segmenta omnia fastigiata.

Fructific atio semina, minutissima, subrotunda, intense rubra, sparsa in apicibus ramulorum lateralium, qui
tunc tumescentes formam lanceolatam induunt.

Color pulchre coccineus, subdiaphanus ; Soli objecta vel in aqua dulci servata cito in sordide lutescentem et
demum in album evanidus.

Substantia cartilaginea.

Obs. Crescendi modus insigniter dumosus et densus : — per desiccationem chartae non adhaeret.

Magnitudine sua habituque, quod aiunt, generali Fucus hie depictus ita ad F. spermophorum accedit, ut facile
quivis, planta. obiter inspecta, illi conjunctissimum crederet, aut etiam pro mera varietate neglectum praetermitteret ;
sin attentiiis observetur, evanescit talis concepta affinitas, reperiturque F. rangiferinus longe magis consentire cum
F. cervicorni ; ramulis praesertim minoribus simili ratione in utroque dispositis divisisque, a quibus ductum nomeri
fere simile utrique est inditum. Ut rem tamen clarius exponamus, dignoscitur haac nostra stirps a F. spermophoro
per frondem nequaquam tantummod6 dichotomam, verum etiam ramis lateralibus, qui in illo nulli sunt, scatentem ;
et ab omnibus, quae hactenus vidi, F. cervicornis exemplaribus vix minus cert& primo aspectu discrepat, cilm per
colorem et molem dissimilem, turn quia frondem habet ubique compressam, a radice ad apices sensim angustatam ;
4juod contra, F. cervicornis caule assurgit piano dilatatoque ramis teretibus multoties angustioribus obsito.

a. F. rangiferinus, magn. nat.

b. frondis pars, magn. auct. ----- 6.

c. ejusdem particula, cumfructu 4.

d. capsules pars - ------2,

116

184.— F UCUS CONFERTUS.

Fucus confertus, frond membranaceous, flat, midribbed, linear, sub-dichotomous, and also beset with lateral
branches, irregularly serrated; tubercles spherical, scattered, sessile upon the midrib and both sides of the
frond.

Fucus confertus. Brown, MSS.

At Kent's Islands, near New Holland. Mr. Brown.

Perennial ?

Root, a small, thin, pale brown, dilated, callous disk.

Fronds, numerous from the same base, pointing in every direction, so that the outline of the whole plant is
nearly globular, flat, two inches long, and preserving from the base to the apices an everywhere equal width of about
aline, some of them, and indeed the greater number, undivided, but others irregularly forked, or twice or thrice
dichotomous, all of them proliferous at their margins with branches of the same nature and substance as themselves,
scattered, distichous, patent, or between horizontal and patent, separated by short but uncertain intervals, varying in
length from three-quarters of an inch to even less than a line, long and short growing intermixed without any order,
all of them undivided, but the larger ones not unfrequently proliferous, like the primary shoots, with a series of
others extremely short, but in other respects similar to themselves, and disposed in a similar manner ; the apices of all
are rounded ; the margins irregularly serrated, as if they were ciliated, with minute scattered teeth : some fronds are
perfectly entire: throughout the whole plant runs a very narrow midrib, of a somewhat darker color than the. rest of
the frond, not equally visible in every individual — it not unfrequently happens that the edges of the branches are
found, as is the case with F. bifidus, here and there fastened together, by means of the serratures abovementioned,
apparently anastomosing, so that it is impossible to separate them without tearing.

Fructification, (at least what appears to be such,) situated in minute roundish capsules, of no regular shape
and size, of a deep red color, abundantly scattered over the whole frond on both sides of the branches : — in these I
have never been able to detect any traces of either seeds or fibres, and I therefore entertain doubts if they ought not
rather to be regarded as mere warts.

Color, a pale semitransparent red, soon turning, from exposure to the sun, or from being kept in fresh water, to
a pale yellowish, or greenish.

Substance, membranaceous and thin, but not tender.

Obs. In drying it scarcely adheres at all to paper.

No doubt will be entertained as to the distinctness of this Fucus, the natural place of which in the system is next
to F. bifidus, with which it agrees in most particulars, though the presence in the former of a midrib, which is wholly
wanting in the latter, may render it necessary in an artificial arrangement of the species to keep them at some dis-
tance from each other. jF. confertus is an elegant Fucus, apparently subject to but little variation in its size or mode
of growth, and easily distinguishable from all its congeners.

a. F. confertus, natural size.

b. part of the frond, magnified. - - - - (5.

c. smaller piece of the same - - - - 4.

d. tubercle'? cut open - - - - - 2.

\\\f

184. — F UCUS CONFERTUS.

117

Fucus fronde membranacea, plana, costata, lineari, sub-dichotoma, ramis quoque Iateralibus obsita, sparsim,
serrata : tuberculis sphasricis, sparsis, in costa et utraque frondis pagina sessiJibus.

Fucus confertus. Brown, MSS.

Habitat apud Insulas, " Kent's Islands" dictas, prope Novam Hollandiam. D. Brown.
Perennis ?

Radix callus exiguus, dilatatus, tenuis, dilute fuscus.

Frondes ex eadem basi plurimae, quaquaversura spectantes, ut toti stirpi peripheria sit sub-globosa, plana?,
nervo percursa? angustissimo coloris reliqua fronde paullum intensions, sed nequaquam pariter in omnibus individuis
manifesto, duos pollices longae, latitudinemque ubique eandem unius circiter lineas a basi ad apicem servantes, ha?,
et quidem plurima?, indivisa?, illae vage bifurcae, aut bis terve dichotomae, omnes e marginibus proliferse ramis
homogeneis, sparsis, distichis, patentibus, vel horizontaliter patentibus, intervallo inter singulos brevi, attamen incerto,
nunc sesquiunguem, nunc vix lineam longis, majoribus minoribusque absque norma immixtis, indivisis, at non raro
ipsis proliferis serie aliarum brevissimarum, sui similium, et simili modo dispositarum ; apices cunctis rotundati ;
margines enormiter serrato-ciliati, dentibus exiguis sparsis : haud desunt frondes integerrimse : — ramorum margines
per cilia jam memorata non raro hie illic (sicut in F. bifido accidere solet) agglulinati sibi invicem adhaerent, quasi
anastomosantes, nec sunt, nisi lacerando, divellendi.

Fructificatio (dummod6 reapse sit fructificatio) in capsulis posita subrotundis, sed quibus nec forma nec
magnitudo certa datur, utrique ramorum pagina? copiose insidentibus, rubicundis, perquam minutis, ubique per
frondem sparsis : — cum tamen in his neque seminum neque fibrarum ulla vestigia detegere licuerit, dubito annon sint
rectiiis pro meris verrucis habenda?.

Color dilute ruber, sub-diaphanus, si Soli objiciatur aut in aqua dulci servetur, cit6 in sordide lutescentem
virescentemve transiens.

Substantia membranacea, tenuis, neque tamen tenera.

Obs. Per desiccationem chartse vix aut ne vix adhasret.

Nemo est qui dubitabit quin Fucus ille, quern haec tabula delineatum exhibet, jure optimo in specierum distincta-
rum numerum recipiatur. Mole sua, crescendi modo, plurimisque aliis, cum F. bifido convenit, postulatque Natura,
qua? has stirpes arctissime affines effinxit, ut huic proximus collocetur ; quamvis forsan frons unius costata alterius
prorsus enervis efficiet ut in artificiali quadam Fucorum dispositione long£ segregentur. F. confertus est planta, qua?,
quantum mihi videre contigit, forma facieque perpaullum variare solet, et est primo statim aspectu a congeneribus
dignoscenda.

a. F. confertus, magn. nat.

h. frondis pars, magn. auct. - - - - - 6.

c. ejusdem pars - -,»•>. - - - - -4.

A, tubercutum? dissectum - - - - - 2.

118

185.— FUCUS RUGOSUS,

Fucus rugosus, frond coriaceous, tubular, linear, branched ; branches distichous, between horizontal and patent,

attenuated at their base, rounded at their apex, simple : tubercles imbedded, scattered all over the frond.
Viva rugosa. Linn. Mant. p. 311. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II. p. 1391.

At the Cape of Good Hope. Koenig. — New Holland. Mr. Brown.
Perennial.

Root, an expanded, flat, thin, black, callous disk, almost half an inch in diameter.

Fronds, numerous from the same base, each rising with a single, undivided stem, of five or six inches long,
tubular, inflated, between cylindrical and compressed, filiform, of the thickness of the little finger, rounded at the
apex, but by no means, as Linnaeus says, open there (unless indeed such should accidentally be the case) : from both
sides of the stem arise, without any regularity, branches of the same nature and substance, and similar also to it in
every other particular, except in being somewhat smaller, the lower ones about four inches long, the rest gradually
shortening upwards, so that the highest are scarcely half an inch in length, all of them separated from each other by
intervals of only a few lines, sub-distichous, between horizontal and patent, perfectly simple, and exceedingly narrow
at their point of union with the stem, but immediately afterwards swelling to their natural size, which they then pre-
serve unaltered throughout the whole of their length.

Fructification, scattered all over the stem and branches, as well near the base as at the tips, consisting of
imbedded spherical tubercles, placed close to each other, containing a mass of brown pyriform seeds, surrounded by
a pellucid limbus, mixed with numerous, white, branching fibres : wherever the tubercles lie the frond is elevated
into very minute swellings, each perforated at the top with a small pore.

Color, most probably an olive green in the fresh plant ; quite black, when dried ; turning to a deep brown from
subsequent immersion, but with the tips pale olive.

Substance, between membranaceous and coriaceous, tough, and flexible.

Obs. The whole plant in drying becomes singularly wrinkled, and does not adhere in the least to paper : — on
cutting open this Fucus so great a number of fibres, and those so long, flowed from the interior, that it is scarcely
possible they could have been confined to the tubercles, but it seems more probable that the sides of the frond are
quite lined with them ; unless, indeed, we suppose that the interior of this plant, as of F. Opuntia, F. acicularis and
others, is in a recent state filled with them and with a pellucid mucus.

I have great pleasure in being enabled here to lay before my readers a full description and figure of a plant, which,
though long since mentioned in the works of Linnaeus, has been scarcely known, but by name, among subsequent
naturalists. The representation here given is, through the kindness of Dr. Smith, taken from a specimen in the
Linnaean Herbarium, excepting only the magnified delineations of the fruit, for which I am indebted to Mr. Brown,
by whom the fructification was first detected. This interesting discovery, at the same time that it shows more clearly
than ever the near affinity between the Fuci and Ulvae, has fortunately removed all doubts as to the generic place of a
species, which, otherwise, on account of its singularly simple structure, I should never have ventured to have pub-
lished among the Fuci, though its coriaceous texture would always have led me to suspect that it really belonged to
them. It is in point of appearance a very singular plant, exceedingly unlike all others, and when dried, excepting in
texture and color, rather resembling some inflated specimens that I have seen of Ulva filiformis than any other sub-
mersed Alga that I am acquainted with.

a. Fucus rugosus, natural size.

b. part of the frond, in fruit, cut open, magnified 6.

c. external view of the same - - - - 6.

tL tubercle and fibres - - - - - - 4.

«. section of a tubercle - - - - - I.

f. fibres - - - - - - - -1.

mj.E.Zsf.ad*.

185.— FUCUS RUGOSUS,

119

Fucus, fronde coriacea, tubulosa, lineari, ramosa; ramis distichis, horizontaliter patulis, basi attenuatis, apice

rotundatis, simplicibus : tuberculis immersis, ubique per totem frondem sparsis.
Uiva rugosa. Linn. Mant. p. 311. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II. p. 1391.

Habitat ad Caput Bonas Spei. Koenig. — In Nova; Hollandiae oris. D. Brown.
Perennis.

Radix callus dilatatus, planus, tenuis, niger, diametro fere unguicularis.

Frondes ex eadem basi plurima?, singula? assurgentes caule unico, indiviso, sesquipalmari, tubuloso, inflato, e
terete compresso, filiformi, digiti minoris crassitie, apice rotundato, nequaquam ver6, quod Linnasus habet, aperto,
(nisi quidem hoc casu eveniat) ; caulis ex utroque latere absque ulla norma oriuntur rami homogenei, ejus omnino
similes, aut tantummodo aliquantum minores, inferiores longissimi et subpalmares, reliqui sensim magis magisque
abbreviati, ut summi vix sint unguiculares, onmes subdistichi, aliquot linearum intervallis disjuncti, horizontaliter
patuli, cauli per basin tenuissimam affixi, sed exinde statim in molem suetam turgescentes, eamque per totam longi-
tudinem servantes, simplicissimi.

Fructificatio ubique per caulem ramosque sparsa, nec minus juxta basin quam ad apices copiose, e tuberculis
constans sphaeiicis, immersis, approximatis, foventibus congeriem seminum pyriformium, fuscorum, limbo pellucido
cinctorum, una cum fibris plurimis, albicantibus, ratnosis : ubicunque jacent tubercula irons poris minutissimis per-
tusa conspicitur, tumoribusque perpusillis est inaequalis.

Color recentis verisimillime olivaceus ; exsiccata, aterrimus; iterum immersa intense brunneus, apicibus tamen
dilute olivaceis.

Substantia membranaceo-coriacea, lenta, tenax.

Obs. Tota stirps per desiccationem insigniter rugosa evadit, et charta? nequaquam adhaeret: — magna fibrarum copia
ex hoc Fuco dissecto efHuxit, ade6que fuerunt ha? longa; ut vix fieri possit esse olim in tuberculis inclusas ; verisimi-
lius videtur cinxisse parietes frondis internos, aut forsan frondem recentem esse his et muco pellucido repletam, sicut
est in F. Opuntia, F. aciculari, et aliis animadversum.

Magno cum gaudio plantam hie delineatam exhibeo, quae, quantumvis sit a Linnaso multis abhinc annis in
Mantissa sua descripta, nihilo tamen minus vix ulli Botanicorum hujus nostri asvi innotuit. Amicissimi Smithii bene-
volentia? acceptum refero, quod in hac tabula depingatur ipsius Linnaei exemplar ex Herbario suo depromptum, ut
nullus sit de specie dubitationi locus. Cum tamen hoc specimeu prorsiis sterile sit, adjeci fructum ex alio reportato
a D. Brown, qui primus, fructificatione a nullo anted visa detecta, omnes de plantae situ generico scrupulos exemit,
Dubium hoc quidem alias, me judice, mansisset; prohibuisset enim frondis simplex structura quominus stirpem
segregarem ab Uhis, quibuscum antehac associata fuerat, dum textura coriacea omnin6 Fucis adjungendam suaderet.
Et nunc quidem non est negandum quin per ipsam F. rugosi fructificationem doceamur naturam nullos posuisse
limites inter Fucos et Ulvas; quoniam receptaculorum indoles hoc genus respicit, situs autem cum illo convenit.
Facie sua F. rugosus ab aliis omnibus Fucis longe recedit, et nullam inter Algas submersas tantum refert, quantum
aliqua, qua3 Yermuthss reperi, JJltcz filiformis exemplaria inflata, cujus tamen textura et color sunt dissimillimi.

a. Fucus rugosus, magn. nat.

b. frondis dissecta pars, cum fructu, magn. auct. - 6.

c. ejus pars, extrinsecus visa - - - - 6.

d. tuberculum etfibra ■■ - - - - 4.

e. tuberculum dissect um - - - - 1 .
f . jibra - - - - - - -1.

120

186.— FUCUS INERMIS.

Fucus inermis, frond between coriaceous and cartilaginous, almost ligneous near the base, cylindrical, filiform,
much and irregularly branched ; ramuli compressed, linear, acuminated : tubercles solitary, cap-shaped, terminal.
Fucus inermis. Brown, MSS. ■

At Port Dairy rnple, and on the southern coast of New Holland. Mr. Brown.
Perennial.

Root, a woody callous disk, nearly half an inch in diameter.

Fhond, solitary, rising with a single stem, from a foot to a foot and half in height, cylindrical, as thick at its
base as a small goose-quill, but thence gradually growing more thin, so that at its apices it scarcely exceeds the size
of a sparrow's quill ; throughout its whole length it is straight, and undivided, but beset with branches, in other re-
spects naked ; of the branches the lower ones are distichous, the rest alternately disposed in an irregularly spiral
manner, but sometimes growing iu pairs, all of them separated by very short intervals, patent, between cylindrical
and compressed, completely resembling the stem, except that they are twice or thrice as slender, varying hi length
from two inches to eight or nine, the uppermost generally but not always longest, the whole of them pinnated with a
series of smaller ones, which are compressed,* alternate, patent, about a line distant from each other, simple, and
acuminated :— the ends of the branches are not uncommonly tipped with exceedingly minute hollow oblong tubercles,
which are attached to them like little caps, and fall off on the slightest touch : of these tubercles the substance is
membranaceous, apparently not unlike that of the rest of the frond, with which they also agree in color : so exceed-
ingly small as they are, it is impossible to speak with any certainty of their nature, but I sought in vain for either
fibres or seeds in them.

Fructification, unknown; unless indeed the tubercles just mentioned have any connection with the fruit,
and resemble in their nature, as well as in their appearance, those of Fucus Cabrera.
Color, blackish in the stem ; in the branches a pleasing transparent olive green.

Substance, between coriaceous and cartilaginous, woody near the base of die stem, every where flexible and

Obs. Habit bushy: mode of growth very straight: in drying it does not adhere to paper.

It is from the affinity of this plant to F. aculeatus that Mr. Brown, to whom I am indebted for my specimens, has
been induced to bestow upon it the name of F. inermis, on account of its wholly wanting the marginal spine-like
processes so characteristic of the other species. Such an appellation by no means ill accords with the subject of the
plate before us, but is far from being equally applicable to another specimen, apparently a very old one, brought home
by Mr. Brown himself, the ramuli of which are short, and the whole exterior rough and spinous. I am nevertheless
so convinced of the accuracy of my friend, that I have retained the name, being convinced he would not have given
it, had it not accorded with the general appearance of the plant. In point of habit F. inermis agrees remarkably with
F. aculeatus, and there is no less similarity in the color and texture of the two : it likewise bears to F. Cabrera a very
strong resemblance, which is increased by the circumstance of many of the apices terminating in swellings externally
like those of F. Cabrera, though internally appearing very dissimilar, unless indeed those of my specimen had received
some injury. These, when magnified, resemble in miniature the pileus of Lycoperdon phalloides. F. inermis is
distinguished from F. aculeatus by the want of the marginal spines ; and from F. Cabrera by its different mode of
growth and its cylindrical or slightly compressed frond.

Such at least is their appearance when dry, but their wrinkled exterior leads me to believe that in a recent state they were cylindrical.

tough.

a. F. inermis, natural size.

b. small branch.

c. part of a branch, with tubercles, magnified

- 6.

- 3.

186.— FUCUS INERMIS.

121

Fucus, fronde coriaceo-cartilaginea, basi sublignosa, terete, filiformi, ramosissima ; ramulis sub-compressis,

linearibus, acuminatis : tuberculis solitariis, pileiformibus, terminalibus.
Fucus inermis. Brown, MSS.

Habitat apud Portum Dalrymple, et in Meridionalibus Novae Hollandiae oris. D. Brown.
Perennis.

< Radix callus discoideus, diametro fere unguicularis, lignosus.

Frons solitaria, caule assurgens unico, pedali, sesquipedali, et ultra, terete, basi pennae anserinae minoris crassitie,
attamen exinde senslm attenuato, ut ad apices passerinam vix superent, stricto, indiviso, sed per totam longitudinem
ramis obsito ; rami inferiores distichi, reliqui circa caulem subspiraliter dispositi, inlerdum etiam gemelli oriuntur,
intervallo inter singulos brevissimo, patentes, e terete ctompressi, caulis prorsus similes, nisi quod duplo triplove shit
tenuiores, hi dodrantales, illi vix bipollicares, superiores plerumque longissimi, quod tamen est incertum, omnes aliis
pinnati minoribus, compressis,* alternis, patentibus, lineae unius alteriusve intervallo sejunctis, simplicibus, acumi-
natis : — ramulorum apicibus aliquando insident tubercula minutissima, frondi concolora, oblonga, cava, quag pileorum
instar ramos coronant, et leviter tacta decidunt : substantia horum tuberculorum membranacea, illi reliquae frondis
baud dissimilis est visa; sed in tanta partium minutie quisnam aliquid certi efferre auderet? — Hoc tantum liquet, me
nulla in illis semina nullas fibras detegere potuisse.

Fructificatio hactenus latet, nisi quidem tubercula jam memorata ullo modo ad fructum pertineant, et tarn
indole quam facie ilia Fuci Cabrera referant.

Color in caule nigricans, in ramis amoene olivaceus atque diaphanus.

Substantia coriaceo-cartilaginea, caulis basin versus lignosa, ubique lenta et tenax.

Obs. Habitus strictus : facies comosa : per desiccationem chartge non adhasret.

Arcta ea quae inter Fucum hie depictum et F. aculeatum affinitas interest movit D. Brown ut inderet stirpi huic
nostras, cujus exemplaria illi accepta refero, F. inermis nomen ; eo scilicet animo, ut, cum margines unius integerrimi
alterius spinulosi in plantis hisce dignoscendis plurimum valeant, non deessent utrique nomina tales characteres expri-
mentia. Negandum etiam non est quin, si F. inermis facies semper sit talis qualis est illius exemplaris quod in hac
tabula exhibemus, planta jure sit optimo ita appellanda ; sed, infaustd, non illae mod6 stirpes armataj apparent, quae
margine sunt serratae, sed et eae quoque, quae, quum diffractae vetustaeve reperiuntur, ob ramorum frequentissimorum
copiam undique aculeis horrere videntur. Talker quidem se res habet cum uno e speciminibus a D. Brown ipso
relatis, quod tamen haud obstitit quominus obsequerer amico accuratissimo, qui Fucum in loco natali vidit, et certissime
nunquam ita nuncupavisset, nisi nomen recte congrueret. Habitum, ut aiunt, generalem si respicias, F. inermis
maxime accedit ad F. aculeatum, cui colore etiam et textura non minus est affinis : plurimum quoque Fucum Cabrera
refert, similitudinemque hoc multum adjuvat, quod nonnulli ex apicibus in tumores desinant, qui extrinsecus similes
videntur eorum in Fuco Cabrera notabilium, sed intus sunt dissimillimi, nisi quidem forsan illi a me visi casu aliquo
lassi fuerint, faciemque veram idcirc6 perdiderint. Hi in F. inermi tumores per lentem maxim£ augentem conspecti
non ita male referunt Lycoperdonis phalloidis pileos. Dignoscitur F. inermis a F. aculeato per spinarum margina-
lium absentiam; et a F. Cabrera tarn per crescendi modum diversum qualm per frondem teretem vel leviter modo
compressam.

a. F. inermis, magn. nat.

b. ramulus.

c. rami pars, cum tuberculis, magn. auct

d. ejusdem apex, tuberculo detracto

- 6.

- 3.

* Annon rec«ntes teretes fuerint dubito : ita suadet facies insignitir rugosa, quasi niadefacti formam pristinam non recuperet.

Vol. III.

R

122 187.— FUCUS ACULEATUS.

Fucus aculeatus, stem ligneous, short, cylindrical, divided at its apex into cartilaginous, flat, linear, nerveless branches,
repeatedly branched in a pinnated manner, scattered, often growing two or three together; the primary ones
entire at their margins ; the ultimate ones at first fringed with pencils of fibres, then with small, subulate, erect
spines, placed close to each other.

Fucus aculeatus. Ltnn. Sp. PI. II. p. 16.%. Syst. Nat. II. p. 7 17. Mant. p. 509. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel.

II. p. 1384. Fl.Ang. p. 585. Fl. Scot. II. p. 924. Ft. Dan. t. 355. With. IV. p. 113. Linn. Trans.

III. p. 179. Ner. Brit. p. 24. t. 8. Roth, Fl. Germ. III. p. 452. Syn. Fuc. II. p. 262. Fl. Fr. Ed.
Ida. II. p. 34.

F. muscoides. Linn. Sp. PL II. p. 1630. Syst. Nat. II. p. 717. Gmelin, Hist. Fuc. p. 130. t. 12. Esper,

Ic. Fuc. I. p. 1 16. t. 59. Fl. Fed. II. p. 33 1. Fl. Ang. p. 590. Fl. Cam. II. p. 403.
F. virgatus. Fl. Norv. I. p. 45.

F. usneoides. Oeder, Enum. Plant. Fl. Dan. p. 116.

F. contortus. Esper, Ic. Fuc. I. p. 89. t. 43. (excl. syn.)

F. angustifolius, foliis dentatis. Rait. Syn-. p. 48. n. 38.

jP. tenuifolius, foliis dentatis. Morts. Hist. Ox. III. p. 648. s. 15. t. 9- f- 4.

On the shores of the British Isles, not very uncommon.— In the sea about Norway. Gunner. — Coast of the German
Ocean, near Wangeroge. Roth. — Atlantic Ocean, near France. Decandolle. — Coasts of Piedmont. Allioni. — Sent
from the Tagus to Mr. Woodward; and from Ceylon to Linnaus.

Perennial. — February. Stackhouse.
Root, a small callous disk.

Frond, furnished with a cylindrical stem (or perhaps it might more properly be called a stipes,) about the thickness
of a crow's quill or a small goose-quill, erect, straight, woody, rising to the height of three or four inches undivided and
filiform, either quite simple, or irregularly pinnated with one or two pairs of opposite branches, then divided at its
apex into numerous branches, which run to the length of two or three feet, and are immediately at their origin some-
what swollen, then cylindrical like the stem, afterwards compressed, and at last (the whole taking place before they
are three inches long) flat, after which they preserve to their very tips an everywhere uniform width of about half a
line ; they are for the most part wholly destitute of both veins and midrib, but occasionally in large specimens shew
faint traces of the latter, some grow solitary, others two, three, or four together, all are undivided, but pinnated from
top to bottom with smaller ones disposed in the same manner, alternate, distichous, patent, forming at their base a
roundish angle with the stem, pinnated, like the primary ones, with others three or four inches long, also disposed in
the same manner, and these in their turns sometimes produce a fourth series ; the ultimate branches are an inch or an
kich and a half long, most of them quite simple, but a few proliferous with a smaller shoot or two ; the apices are
everywhere obtuse, almost as if truncated ; the margins of all the branches are quite entire, excepting those of the ulti-
mate ones, which are fringed with a row of alternate spine-like teeth, of the same substance as the branches, separated
from each other by extremely short spaces, subulate, about a line long, all pointing upwards : — in the first stage of the
plant's growth the branches show no symptoms of these teeth, but in their room produce pencils of yellow branched
and jointed fibres, which fall off as the plant advances in age, and are succeeded by the aculei.

Fructification,* I have at present seen none.

Color, a more or less pale yellow in the young plant: in the full grown one, brown and opaque in the stem; but
olive green inclining to grass-green, and semi-transparent in the branches : in drying it not unfrequently turns blackish.

Substance, ligneous and hard in the stem, in the branches cartilaginous, and very flexible, but very tough ; when
dry, it becomes stiff and brittle. 1

Obs. The habit is particularly thick, bushy, and entangled : it has been by many authors well compared to the
tail of a sorrel horse : young plants are subgelatinous and adhere firmly to paper, but full-grown ones do not in the
least do so

Long and generally as this Fucus has been known, I believe that no botanist ever suspected till lately how different
are the appearances it puts on at different periods of its existence ; or if any one ever saw a specimen fringed with the
tufts of fibres, he either passed it by unnoticed, supposing the plant to be merely infested with some parasitic conferva,
or he treasured it in his Herbarium as a new species, for which I have more than once received it. For the removing
of our error upon this subject, and enabling us better to understand one of the most curious of its tribe, we are prin-

— cipally

* Upon the subject of the fruit of this Fucus Dr. Goodenough and Mr. Woodward remark, that they observed extremely minute tubercles, thinly
scattered on the surface and on the margins of the linear brandies and apparently filled with seeds. Mr. Stackhouse attributes to it a different
kind of fructification, which, he says, " consists of an irregular, echinated, wax-like excresence, coming out near the bottom at the setting on
of the branches." He adds, " it expands, when ripe, and falls down round the branch, exposing to view a beautifully granulated surface,
yellowish, studded with brown." Miss Hill, whose obliging communications I have often had occasion to mention, writes me word that she has
found a third sort of fruit, lanceolate capsules mixed with the pencils of hairs ; and Oeder describes a fourth, which he calls innate and conca-
tenated. For my own part, I must confess that I have in vain tried to satisfy myself as to any of these being true fruit, and cannot but think
that none of them are so.

m ■ ', ...

187. — F UCUS ACULEATUS.

123

cipally indebted to Mrs. Griffiths and Miss Hutchins, to the latter of whom I have still farther to express my obliga-
tions for the drawing represented in the plate before us, made by herself from specimens found in Bantry Bay. The
discovery of the plant in its fibrous state leaves no doubt of its affinity to F. pedunculatus and Conferva villosa ; and I
cannot but think it may reasonably be expected that we should find upon it a fructification similar to that of the latter
of these species, under which my excellent friend, Mr. Dillwyn, has well remarked of the young state of this plant,
that he found to his great surprise that the aculei of F. aculeatus were regularly jointed, and that the main filaments,
especially towards their extremities, had a similarly jointed internal tube running longitudinally through them, and
occupying nearly half of their width. The whole of this jointed structure disappears as the plant grows older. Dif-
ferent specimens of F. aculeatus differ materially in the number and width of their branches ; and some are even found
almost wholly destitute of the aculeiform teeth, that principally distinguish the plant, and give it its name. I am,
however, quite at a loss to imagine what could have induced various authors to divide it into two species, and with
regard to the Linnaean F. muscoides, I cannot but think that the immortal Swede had originally in his mind some
plant unknown to us ; as he could never have said of the present, that when dry it cannot be distinguished from a moss.

a. F. aculeatus, natural size.

b. root and base of the stem.

c. branch in its earliest state.

d. fibres, magnified - - - - - 1.

187.— F UCUS ACULEATUS.

Fucus, caule lignoso, brevi, terete, apice diviso in ramos cartilagineos, pianos, lineares, enerves, repetito-pinnatim
ramosos, sparsos, non rar6 binos ternosque ; primarios integerrimos ; ultimos margine primum penicilliferos, mox
spinulosos ; spinis approximatis, subulatis, erectis.

Fucus aculeatus. Linn. Sp.Pl. II. p. 1632. Syst. Nat. II. p. 717. Mant. p. 509- Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel.

II. p. 1384. Fl. Ang. p. 585. Fl. Scot. II. p. 924. H. Dan. t. 355. With IV. p. 113. Linn. Trans.

III. p. 179. Ner. Brit. p. 24. t. 8. Roth, Fl. Germ. III. p. 452. Syn. Fuc. II. p. 262. Fl. Fr. Ed.
Q,da. II. p. 34.

F. muscoides. Linn. Sp. PI. II. p. 1630. Syst. Nat. II. p. 717. Gmelin, Hist. Fuc. p. 130. t. 12. Esper,

Ic. Fuc. I. p. 1 16. t. 59. Fl. Fed. II. p. 331. Fl. Ang. p. 590. Fl. Cam. II. p. 403.
F. virgatus. Fl. Norv. I. p. 45.

F. usneoides. Oeder, Enum. Plant. Fl. Dan. p. 116.

F. contortus. Esper, Tc. Fuc. I. p. 89. t. 43. (excl. syn.)

F angustifolius,foliis dentalis. Rail Syn. p. 48. n. 38.

JP. tenuifolius, J'oliis dentatis. Moris. Hist. Ox. III. p. 648. s. 15. t. 9- f- 4.

Habitat Britanniarum ad oras, haud ita infrequens. — In Mari Norvegico. Gunner. — Ad littora maiis septen-
trionalis prope Wangeroge. Roth. — In oceano Galliam alluente. Decandolle. — In niari Nicaeensi et Uneliae.
Allioni. Tagi ad littora lectum accepit D. Woodward et e Zeylona Linnccus.

Perennis. — Februario. Stackhousius.

Radix callus exigiuus, discoideus, perpaullum dilatatus.

Frons caule (stipitem forsan rectius dicas) instructa terete, pennae corvina? aut anserinae minoris crassitie, erecto,
stricto, lignoso, qui ad duorum triumve pollicum altitudinem indivisus filiformisque assurgit, nunc simplex, nunc vage
pinnatus ramis aliquot oppositis, apice divisus in ramos plurimos, bi- tri- pedales, qui ipso ortu sunt aliquantilm incras-
sati, mox teretes, sicut caulis, turn compressi, et demum (quod etiam evenit priusquam spithamam sunt longi) plani,
quo facto, eandem ubique latitudinem, unius lineae circiter dimidium, ad apices usque servant; rami costas venarumque

plerumque

154

187. — F UCUS ACULEATUS.

plerumque prorsus expertes, sed interdum costa obsoleta notati, *nunc solitarii, nunc, quod ssepius accidit, bini terni
quaternive oriuntur, omnes indivisi, sed per totam longitudinem alternatim pinnati aliis, distichis, qui quoque vel sunt
solitarii, vel duo aut plures una orti, spatio inter singulos subpollicari, primariorum prorsils similes, nisi quod sint ali-
quantum minores, patentes, primo tamen ortu angulum cum caule rotundatum efficientes, ipsi pinnati aliis tri-quadri-
pollicaribus simili ratione dispositis, qui quoque interdum quartam seriem ferunt ; rami ultimi pollicares vel sesqui-
pollicares, ut plurimum simplicissimi, rarius uno alterove minore proliferi ; apices ubique obtusi et quasi truncati ;
margines ramorum omnium praeter ultimos integerrimi, horum ubique obsiti dentibus aculeos referentibus, homogeneis,
subulatis, lineam fere longis, sursum spectantibus, alternis, singulis spatio brevissimo sejunctis : in prima plantae aetate
rami nullos habent aculeos, neque ulla monstrant horum vestigia, sed eorum loco ferunt penicillos fibrarum flavicantium
ramosarum articulatarum, quae, planta jam adulta, decidunt, et aculei proveniunt.
Fructificatio+ nulla a me hactenus visa.

Color plantae junioris luteus, aut flavicans; adultae fuscus in caule, caetera olivaceus aut olivaceo-gramineus, et
subdiaphanus : exsiccata saepe nigrescit.

Substantia caulis lignosa, ramorum cartilaginea, tenacissima, per desiccationem rigida et fragilis.

Obs. Crescendi modus densus, dumosus, et implicitus, quare multi auctores dixerunt referre equi helvi caudam :
exemplaria juniora sub-gelatinosa sunt, et per desiccationem chartae arete adhaerent, quod nullo modo faciunt adulta.

Quam vere adhuc in cunabulis versatur nostra Algarum submersarum cognitio hinc colligere licet, qu6d, quamvis
hie Fucus diu et universe inter omnes fere botanicos innotuerit, nemo ejus faciem plumosam memorarit ; et si quis
talem viderit, aut praetermisit, credens scilicet Fucum Confervis modo parasiticis fortuito impeditum ; aut pro nova
specie habitum in Herbario caute seposuit. Nunc tandem lux aliqua affulsit stirpi dignissimae quae observetur, natura-
que, si quae alia, singulari praeditas, et scimus quantum a se invicem discrepant diversa ejus aetatis stadia ; quod debemus
feminis lectissimis, optime de botanicis omnibus meritis, Dnae- Griffiths et Dnae- Hutchins, quarum utraque multum
studii in hoc Fuco rite investigando impendit. Detectis jam fibrarum penicillis in F. aculeato, nemo non perspiciet
quam sit affinis F. pedunculato et Conferva vUIosce; consentientque, nisi fallor, plerique mecum, sentienti esse quas-
rendum eundem fere in F. aculeato fructum, quern in Conferva villosa uno abhinc anno reperit D. Leathesius. Frons
F. aculeati junioris tota est praesertim ad apices et in aculeis plus minus manifeste articlilata, videturque, ut Dillwinii
eximii verbis utar, quasi earn percurreret tubus interims septis distinctus mediam ejus latitudinem occupans. In planta
ver6 adulta evanescunt omnia articulorum vestigia. Ramorum numero et latitudine multum inter se discrepant diversa
F. aculeati exemplaria, reperiunturque interdum individua quae maxima ex parte, si non omnin6, carent aculeis illis,
stirpis charactere essentiali. Hariolari nescio quae causa induxerit auctores de algis marinis scribentes ut in duas
species dividerent -F. aculeatum, et nequeo non suspicari Linnaeum olim in animo habuisse diversam speciem, cum
primum suum F.muscoidem describeret; nequaquam enim Fucus hie noster respondet illiquod de suastirpe memorat,
exsiceatam non esse a musco distinguendam. Iconem hie datam, ad exemplaria recentia confectam, debeo amiciti®
Dnae Hutchins, jamjam millies laudatae.

a. F. aculeatus, magn. nat.

b. radix, et caulis basis.

c. ramus in aetate prima.

d. fibrarum faskulus, magn. auct.

* Bene monet Stackhousius, hujus Fuci habitum magnopere variare ; in quibusdam enim individuis i amnios sparsim produci ; in aliis its
deuse' congestos esse, ut caudam equinam, ut recte observavit D. Gunner, quodam modo referre videatur Fucus hie.

t De b\ aculeati fructu dicunt Goodenovius Woodwardiusque : " fructificatio tubercula minutissima nigricantia in ramis ramulisque sparsa."
Oederus fructificationes innatas concatenatas memorat. Contra Stackhousius : " in axillis ramulorum producitur fructus, obtusi echinatus, irregu-
laris, per maturitatem sese expandens, substantia intus granulata." Demum D°A Hill nuper me per literas certiorem fecit, se detexisse capsulas
lanceolatas intra fibrarum penicillos latentes.

188^_FUCUS PEDUNCULATUS

125

Fucus, fronde cartilaginea, terete, filiformi, pinnatim ramosa ; ramis sub-alternis, elongatis, horizontaiibus, simplici-

bus, tuberculiferis ; tuberculis ellipticis, sub-pedunculatis, apice fibrilliferis.
Fucus pedunculatus. Fl. Ang. p. 587. Linn Trans. III. p. £13. With. IV. p. 120. Ner. Brit. p. 1 10. t. lfj.

Eng. Bot. VIII. t. 545. Syn. Fuc. II. p. 367. Esper, Ic. Fuc. II. p. 95. t. 156.
F. G&rtnera. Gmelin, Hist Fuc. p. 164. t. 19. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II. p. 1386.
F. anomalus. Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 199. t. 14. f. 24. (fide Gmelini.)

Habitat in Meridionalibus Anglise oris. — In rupibus et saxis submarinis in Insula Portlandica. Hudson. — In
Devonia. Dna. Griffiths. — -Inter rejectamenta maris apud Yarmouth et Cromer in Norfolcia. — Unicum frustulum in
sinu, " Bantry Bay" dicto ; repertum a Z>a- Hutchins.

Annua. — Auctumno.

Radix callus exiguus, subglobosus, nigricans, cornea.

Frons* nunc solitaria, nunc bina, vel terna, teres, filiformis, longitudine dodrantalis, pedalis, aut etiam sesquipe-
dalis, crassitie penna passerina dupl6 minor,-}- caule assurgens unico, indiviso, a basi ad apicem obsito ramis setaceis,
homogeneis, sub-spiraliter dispositis, vage alternis, duobus tribusve interdum una ortis, indivisis, horizontaiibus, spatio
inter singulos perbrevi, mediis qui palmares et ultra plerumque longissimis, reliquis inde sensim utrinque brevioribus,
ut summi vix unguem aequent, sed inferiores nunquam ita breves, unde toti stirpi exiccataa et chartae adpressse peri-
pheria ovata ; caulis, si ramos excipias, nudus conspicitur, sed ramos ubique obsident tubercula elliptica, minutissima,
concolora, pedunculis brevissimis fulta, horizontalia, alterna, aut opposita, aliquando etiam bina ternave, ut plurimum
tamen spatiis circiter linearibus sejuncta, apice emittentia fibrarum lutescentium simplicium obsolete articulatarum
fasciculos, ipsis triplo quadruplove longiores, qui etiam non rard desunt, praesertim in exemplaribus vetustis.

Fructificatjo, dummodo revera sit fructificatio, in tuberculis jamjam memoratis sita, qua? juniora e mera,
corpusculorum (seminum ?) oblongorum congerie constare videntur, sed in seriore aetatis gradu, si horizontaliter dis-
secentur, manifeste constant e filamentis densissime constipatis horizontaiibus radiatim dispositis, apice in granula
subrotunda fusca intumescentibus.

Color flavicans in caule, non sine diluta aliqua fuscedine ; in ramis pallidior ; ubique subdiaphanus : exsiccataz
intensior, et in hoc statu fibra? aliquando virescunt.

Substantia cartilaginea, ad corneam accedens, fragilis, in caule rigidiuscula.

Obs. Optime de hujus Fuci tuberculis dicit Gmelinus, " Hypni antheram gracilem referre, inferius pedunculata,
apice in penicillum laxum, fluitantem, subviridem, facillime deciduum efBorescentia :" haec per lentem visa non male
Hydi arum quibusdam speciebus assimilari possunt : — planta per desiccationem chartae arete adhaeret.

Paucissimos jactat mare Fucos elegantiores F. pedunculato, quocum nemo est qui non delectatur, si recens et si
ilkesus conspiciatur, oceani summis rluctibus innatans, penicillis ubique vestitus confervoideis, qui non mo:16 stirpi dant
faciem pulcherrime plumatam, sed colorern spargunt vividissimum fulvum, planta ex elemento genitali detracta statirn
evanidum. Fucus est, ut videtur, annumerandus inter illos qui rarissime occurrunt ; in Flora enim Anglica diu ejus
extitit description in plerisque servatur herbariis ; et facie ita singulari gaudet ut semel visus pi aetermitti non possit ;
nihilo tamen minus unum mod6 alterumve locum habitare scimus Britanniarum ad oras, nullibi extra eas repertus,
nisi forsan in mari mediterraneo a Pallasio lectum credamus. Dubium autem hoc in praesens manet, et verisimillime
semper dubium manebit : cuinam enim dijudicare dabitur, an Gmelini F. Gccrtnera sit idem qui F. pedunculatus
noster ? Suadet descriptio, icon repugnat. Hoc ex suo Fuco duobusque aliis a me nondum visis hitic congeneribus
construxit Gmelinus suum tertium Fucorum ordinem, quos peniciltiferos nominat; charactere essentiali deprompto,
quod fructificationem habeant corpuscula ovata -penicillis terminata. Hunc ego characteiem quamvis non omnibus
convenire scio, nihilo secius persuasum mihi habeo fore ohm constitutam Fucorum familiam naturaa congruentem et a
reliquis satis recedentem ex hisce Fucis, una cum F. aculeato et F. radiciformi, Conferva villosd et Conferva verru-
cosa Eng. Bot. quibus fortasse adjungendi erunt F. ligulatus et F. viridis. Haec reputans, nullus dubito quin fibra-
rum penicilli in his obvii ad plantas ipsas pertineant, et nequaquam sint, quod a multis creditur botanicis, meraj confervaa
parasitica^ Fucis fortuito innatae. Nescimus tamen adhuc cui fini in fucorum oeconomia hi inserviunt. Structura arti-
culataobstatneproliferumcrescendi modumdecidendosuppeditare putemus; neque talis vis aljquo modo necessaria videtur,
cum tubercula dissecta evidenter constent e fibrarum seminumque congerie. Ad hoc autem rite coospiciendum lente
acerrima est opus, et opus est ut dissecentur tubercula, quae vel integra vel microscopio rrsediocri visa substantiam
plane uniformem frondi fere homogeneam ostendunt. Insuper autem ha?c tubercula ab iis ca?terorum plurimorum
Fucorum discrepant, quod sint tactu dura, hoc scilicet habentia cum reliqua fronde commune, qua? nihil in se habet
tenerum gelatinosumve. Fibrarum penicilli interdum majusculi conspiciuntur, tuberculis jam minimis aut vixdum
formatis, et dantur aliquand6 exemplaria tuberculis fibrisque pariter orbata. Hoc in statu rie plantam cum Conferva

villosd

* Non raro evenit Confervam villosam et Fucum pedunculatum ex eadem basi oriri, et vix unquam rejicitur lisc sine ilia a mari prope
Yarmouth. * r

t Caulesi tubulosum dicit Stackhousius, in quo certfc hallucinatur.

126 188.— FUCUS PEDUNCULATtIS,

villosd commisceas est cavendum. Rami nunquam non simplices F. pedunculatum ab hac, sicut tubercula pedunca-
lata, color, crescendique modus ab aliis algis submersis distinguunt.

a. F. pedunculatus, magn. nat.

b. ramus, magn. auct. - - - - - Q.
c ejusdem pars ------ 4.

d. ununi e tuberculis, diffr actum, fibra, una superstite I,

e. rami pars, tuberculis atate provectis, jibrarum

expertibus - - - - - - 5.

f. tubercidum ----- _ 4.

g. idem horizontalittr dissectum 2.

h. semina etfibrs, - - - - - - 1.

188.— FUCUS PEDUNCULATUS.

Fucus pedunculatus, frond cartilaginous, filiform, irregularly pinnated ; branches mostly alternate, long, horizontal,
simple, bearing elliptical, sub-pedunculated tubercles, tufted at their apices with pencils of fibres.

Fucus pedunculatus. Fl. Ang. p. 587. Linn. Trans. III. p. 213. With. IV. p. 120. Ner. Brit. p. 1 10.
t. If). Eng.Bot. VIII. t. 545. Syn. Fuc. II. p. 367. Esper, 1c. Fuc. II. p. 95. t. 156.

F. Gartnera. Gmelin, Hist. Fuc. p. 164. t. 19 Syst.Nat. Ed. Gmel II. p. 1386.

F. anomalus. Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 199. t. 14. f. 24. (fide Gmelini.)

On the southern coast of England. — On rocks and stones in the sea at the Isle of Portland. Hudson. — Devon-
shire coast. Mrs. Griffiths. — Among the rejectamenta of the sea at Yarmouth and Cromer. — A single specimen
found in Bantry Bay by Miss Hutchins.

Annual. — Autumn.

Root, callous, small, nearly globular, blackish, horny.

Frond,* sometimes solitary, sometimes growing two or three together, cylindrical, filiform, from nine inches to
a foot or a foot and half in length, not more than half the thickness of a sparrow's quill, rising with a single undi-
vided^' stem, which from top to bottom is beset with setaceous branches, of the same nature as itself, disposed in an
irregularly spiral direction, mostly alternate, but occasionally growing two or three together from the same point, undi-
vided, horizontal, separated by very short intervals, the middle ones, which are generally longest, extending to three
or four inches in length, the others gradually diminishing on both sides, so that the upper ones are not more than half
an inch long, but the lower ones are never equally short, which gives the whole frond, when dried and pressed on
paper, an ovate outline ; the stem is quite naked, excepting the branches, but these latter are every where beset with
elliptical, very minute tubercles, of the same color as themselves, supported upon extremely short peduncles, horizontal,
some alternate, others opposite, and others growing two or three together, but most commonly separated by intervals
of about a line each, sending out from their apices tufts of simple, obsoletely jointed, yellowish fibres, which are
three or four times longer than the tubercles ; — they are, however, not uncommonly wanting, especially in old
specimens.

Fructification, (at least what is considered as such), situated in the slbove-mentioned tubercles, which, when
young, appear wholly Composed of a mass of oblong granules (probably seeds), but at a more advanced period of
growth are found, if horizontally dissected, evidently to consist of closely matted filaments, all lying parallel and hori-
zontal, and disposed in a radiated direction, as if originating from a common centre, the apices swelling into brown
roundish granules.

Color,

» It is far from uncommon to find F. pedunculatus and Conferva villosa growing from the same base, and it very seldom indeed happens that
one of them is thrown upon the beach at Yarmouth without the other,
t Stackhouse calls the stem tubular, which is certainly an error.

188. — F UCUS PEDUNCULATUS.

127

Color, yellowish, with a faint tinge of brown, in the stem; paler in the branches; every where semi-transpa-
rent, turning darker from drying, in which state the fibres are occasionally greenish.

Substance, cartilaginous, approaching to horny, brittle, somewhat rigid in the stem.

Obs. The tubercles of this Fucus are aptly assimilated by Gmelin to the slender capsule of a Hypnum, peduncu-
lated below, and tufted with a small loose floating pencil of deciduous filaments : — if seen with a strong microscope,
these tubercles are not unlike some species of Polypi : — the plant, in drying, adheres firmly to paper.

Nothing can well be more elegant than perfect specimens of F. pedunculatus, when seen quite fresh floating in the
sea, the beautiful conferva-like tips of their pedunculated tubercles not only giving to the whole a most pleasing
feathery appearance, but also displaying a richness and glow of coloring scarcely to be imitated, which almost imme-
diately fades upon the plant being taken out of its native element. It seems to be a species of particularly unfrequent
occurrence, having, though long known, been but partially found upon the shores of our own island, and never upon
those of any foreign country, except indeed that it has been gathered in the Mediterranean by Pallas, supposing I
am correct in the reference above given to Gmelin's F. Gcertnera, which from the description I am led to thiuk
must certainly be the case, though the figure seems decidedly to favor a contrary opinion. This able botanist has of
his F. Gartnera and two other species unknown to me made what he calls the third order of Fuci, which he denomi-
nates Fuci penicilliferi, founding the leading character of the division upon the fructification consisting of ovate
bodies terminated with pencils of hairs. That this definition will not hold exactly good I am fully persuaded, but I
am not less confident that these species, in conjunction with the subjects of the preceding and following plates, Con-
ferva villosa, Conferva verrucosa Eng. Bot. and perhaps F. ligulatus and jF, viridis, will hereafter be found to
constitute a distinct and natural family, and I feel consequently persuaded that the fibres, which have by many Natu-
ralists been regarded as parasitical Conferva?, are really parts of the plant, though we are at present unacquainted
with the purpose they are by nature designed to answer. Their jointed structure precludes the possibility of their
being intended to afford the plant a proliferous mode of increase ; nor indeed does such a provision seem necessary,
as the tubercles appear, when dissected under a powerful microscope, to be a mass of seeds and fibres ; though, if
seen entire, or with an inferior magnifier, they look only like uniform bodies of nearly the same texture as the frond.
Their extreme hardness is a singular property, by which they differ from those of most other Fuci, but the same
difference is also observable in the whole plant, which has in it nothing tender or gelatinous. If seen without tubercles
or fibres, which latter are sometimes very large, while the former are so young as to be scarcely perceptible, F. pe-
dunculatus may easily be overlooked as a barren specimen of Conferva villosa, from which, however, it is always
distinguishable by its simple branches. Its color and mode of growth keep it sufficiently separate from all other
submersed alga?.

a. F. pedunculatus, natural size.

b. branch, magnified 6.

c. part of the same ------ 4.

d. one of the tubercles broken, with a single fibre

remaining - - - - - - 1.

e. part of a branch of an old plant, the tubercles

having lost their fibres 5.

f. tubercle - -- -- --4.

g. horizontal section of the same 2.
b, seeds and fibres - - - - %

128

189.— F UCUS RADICIFORMIS.

Fucus radiciformis, frond cartilaginous, compressed, filiform, irregularly bipinnate : branches scattered, long, patent,
bearing spherical tubercles on rather long peduncles, which, though naked, pour out, when pressed, tufts of
fibres from their apices.

Fucus radiciformis. Brown, MSS.

In Bass' Streights and Kent's Islands, near New-Holland. Mr. Brown.
Perennial.

Root, an expanded, flat, shapeless, callous disk.

Frond, rising with a single, undivided, stem, about a foot in length, compressed, as thick as a black-bird's quill
near the base, but thence gradually growing more and more thin, so that at the apex it is not more than a third or a
fourth of that thickness, beset throughout its whole length with branches precisely resembling itself, except in their
smaller size, scattered, distichous, patent, separated by intervals of one or two lines, the lower ones nine inches long,
the upper ones scarcely two inches, yet not regularly shortening from the base upwards, all of them undivided, and
most simple, but some of the longer ones beset with a series of others considerably shorter, arranged in the same man-
ner as the primary ones : the branches are everywhere fringed with tubercles like those of F. peduncidatus, but so much
more evidently belonging to the fruit, that I think it best to describe them under that head.

Fructification, globular tubercles, many times smaller than the smallest pin's head, standing upon capillary
peduncles a line or more long, scattered at the distance of a line or two from each other over the whole of the
smaller branches from top to bottom, distichous, patent, externally smooth and even, but proving upon dissection to
be wholly composed of a mass of club-shaped bodies, whether seeds or fibres I am at a loss to tell, lying closely matted
together parallel to each other, in such a manner that the thickest part forms the surface of the tubercle : mixed with
these bodies are also some smaller roundish granules : — the tubercles, if pressed, emit from their apices minute tufts
of whitish pellucid fibres, which give them an elegant crested appearance.

Color, a deep brown in the stem, in other parts tawny and semi-transparent : soon growing paler from being kept
in fresh water, and at length turning to nearly white : always destitute of gloss.

Substance, cartilaginous, almost horny, flexible, very tough.

Obs. In drying, the branches curl inwards, in nearly the same manner as those of Sertularia falcata ; the sub-
stance also becomes hard and rigid, and the whole plant, which in no case adheres in the least to paper, considerably
resembles the roots of some phaenogamous vegetables, or rather perhaps some radiciform Fungi.

I feel how imperfect is my description of F. radiciformis, it having been made altogether from dried specimens; and
I particularly regret this circumstance, as it appears to me probable that the whole list of Fuci does not contain a
more remarkable species. Its affinity to J1, pedunculatus, in texture, color, habit, and fructification, is very obvious,
and I consider it far from impossible that the two plants may really agree in the latter of these circumstances, though
the specimens I have yet seen of the one before us having been dried without pressure, and having long been kept
in a dry state, do not justify me in concluding that such is actually the case. On the contrary, the tubercles of F.
radicif ormis in these specimens shewed no appearance of the tufted filaments, till squeezed under the microscope, when
to my great surprise they readily poured out a quantity of white fibres considerably thicker and more evidently jointed
than those of F . pedunculatus, or any of its congeners. What is also remarkable in them is that the central part ap-
peared of a substance unlike the rest ; nor did the seeds themselves, if seeds they be, look altogether similar to those
of F. pedunculatus ; but I know, as must every one who is in the habit of using high microscopical powers, how
difficult it is to make observations that are implicitly to be depended upon in objects so exceedingly minute ; not to
mention the possibility of the same thing being subject to variation in the different periods of its existence. For the
specimen here figured I am indebted to Mr. Lambert.

a. F. radiciformis, natural size.

b. part of a branch, magnified -

c. tubercle -

d. fibre - - - - -

e. horizontal section of a tubercle

f. contents of the same

- 6.

- 4.

- 1.

- 3.

- ].

\

189.— FUCUS RADICIFORMIS.

1529

Fucus, fronde cartilaginea, compressa, filiformi, bipinnatim ramosa ; ramis sparsis elongatis, patentibus, tuberculi-
feris; tuberculis sphaericis, pedunculatis, nudis, compressis, filamenta ex apice effundentibus.
Fucus radiciformis. Brown, MSS. [fia :

Habitat prope Novam Hollandiam in freto, " Bass' Streights," dicto, et in insulis " Kent's Islands," dictis.
D. Brown.

Perennis.

Radix callus explanatus, deformis.

Frons caule assurgens unico, indiviso, sub-pedali, compresso, Merulas penna? crassitie juxta basin, exinde sensim
attenuato, ut juxta apices triple- quadrupl6ve sit tenuior, ramis per totam longitudinem obsito homogeneis, suique
similibus, nisi quod minores sint, sparsis, distichis, patentibus, singulis unius alteriusve lineas intervallo sejunctis,
inferioribus dodrantalibus, summis vix bipollicaribus, neque tamen sensim a basi ad apicem abbreviatis, omnibus
indivisis, sed quibusdam e longioribus rursus instructis aliis multo minoribus eadem qua primarii ratione dispositis :
ramorum latera ubique obsident tubercula, illorum F. pedunculati similia, sed magis manifeste ad fructum attinentia,
quare mox infrd sub fructificatione descripsi.

Fructific atio tubercula globosa, aciculae cujusvis capite multoties minora, pedunculis teretibus setaceis lineam
et ultra longis fulta, in ramis minoribus disticha, per totam eorum longitudinem disposita, sparsa, lineas unius
alteriusve in tervallis sejuncta, pa tentia, extrinsecus aequalia, sin horizontaliter dissecentur, tota constare reperiuntur e
corpusculis (seminibus an fibris ?) clavaeformibus, articulatis, parallelis, parte incrassata tuberculorum superficiem
respiciente, densissime constipatis, immixtis granulis subrotundis minoribus : — tubercula duriuscule compressa erFundunt
ex apicibus penicillos filorum pellucidorum, albicantium, simplicium, articulatorum, per quas faciem cristatam
induunt.

Color in caule intense fuscus, castera fulvus et subdiaphanus ; in aqua dulci diu servataz pallidior et demum albicans :
nitoris semper expers.

Substantia cartilaginea, sub-cornea, lenta, tenacissima.

Obs. Per desiccationem rami inrlectuntur eodem fere modo quo illi Sertularim falcatot ; substantia quoque dura
et rigida evadit ; et tota stirps, quas chartae nequaquam adhseret, plantarum aliquarum phaenogamarum radices, aut
fungos quosdam rhizomorphos, non male refert.

Nemo botanicus ignorat quanti sit momenti ad omnes fere Fucos rite intelligendos ut descriptiones conficerentur ad
recentia exemplaria ; quod si valeat in majoribus atque coriaceis, uecesse est ut longe magis valeat in tenerrimis,
qualis est hie F. radiciformis noster, qui, nisi fallor, si cauto examini recens subjiciatur, multum lucis diffundet familiae
pra? caeteris dignas quae investigetur. Summa, ut primo aspectu satis liquet, affinitas interest inter speciem hie
depictam et F. pedunculatum, quoad colorem, texturam, et habitum; quinetiam verisimile mihi videtur utrumque esse
prasditum fructu omnimodis eodem, quamvis specimina mea absque pressura exsiccata et diu in statu exsiccato servata
i nihil tale arguunt, sed potius suadent plantas in hoc discrepare. His enim in speciminibus tubercula ostendebant nulla
, penicillorum vestigia, donee sub microscopio perstringerem, ut diffractorum substantia melius pateret, quum compressa
effuderunt fasciculos fibrarum albicantium, crassiorum evidentiusque geniculatorum iis F. pedunculati aut Fucorum
caeterorum congenerum. Habuerunt insuper aliud notabile, qu6d pars media constaret e substantia uniformi pulposa,
cui. nihil fibrosi infuit : neque semina ipsa, (dummodo sint semina) prorsus referebant ilia F. pedunculati. Fieri tamen
potest, (et quam facile hoc potest sciunt omnes in microscopii compositi usu versati) ut in tali partium omnium
. minutie aliquid humani sim passus. ; ne dicam Fucorum fructum aliquandd in diversis setatis stadiis faciem induere
diversam. Exemplar in hac tabula delineatum cl. Lambertii benevolentiae debeo.

a. F. radiciformis, magu. nat.

b. rami pars, magn. auct. - - 6.

c. tubercv.lum - - - - 4.

d. Jibra - - - - \.

e. tuberculum horizontaliter dissectum 3.

f. ejusdem diffracti portio - - 1 ,

Voi. III.

S

130

i 90. — F UCUS DESFONTAINESII.

Fuciis Desfontainesii, stem coriaceous, compressed, filiform, bipinnate ; branches between horizontal and patent,
alternate, compressed ; the primary ones solitary and undivided ; the ultimate ones growing in threes, dichotomous'
and bearing vesicles and fruit; vesicles solitary, spherical, petiolated ; capsules linear, racemose. t

Fucus comosus. Poiret, in Encycl. Method. Bot. VIII. p. 375.

On the shores of the Canary Islands. M. Desfontaines.
Perennial.

Root, I have not yet seen.

Frond, furnished with a sterna foot or more long, slightly compressed, and nearly angular, filiform, (of what thick-
ness, and whether divided or not, I am ignorant) beset with numerous branches, which are of the same nature and
substance as itself, alternate, patent, straight, compressed, half a foot long, scarcely thicker than a sparrow's . quill,
filiform, and undivided, but also beset from top to bottom with a series of others that are not more than the
half or a third of their size, between compressed and flat, growing two or three together in an irregularly spiral alternate
manner, separated from each other by intervals of a line or a line and half, all about three inches long, not thicker than
hog's bristles, filiform, four or five times dichotomous at uncertain distances, the angles of the dichotomies being
rounded, and the base, to use the words of Poiret, dilated into a small, compressed triangular membrane ; . the apices
are every where obtuse ; towards the tops of the shoots are observable a few spherical vesicles, about the size of the
seeds of Lathyrus odoratus, growing near the base of the secondary branches, a single one only on each, and seldom
more than six or eight upon each primary branch, supported upon very narrow flat petioli two lines long, externally
smooth, internally empty.

Fructification, not satisfactorily known at present; but it appears clearly, from some rudiments of receptacles
that may be seen on the smaller branches near the vesicles, that the fruit consists of cylindrical receptacles growing in
jacemi. so3

Color, a semitransparent olive-green.

Substance, coriaceous, flexible.

Obs. Habit remarkably and elegantly tufted: — whole plant very smooth and glossy: — in drying, it does not adhere
to paper.

I am indebted to my friend, Mr. Stackhouse, for specimens of this Fucus, which, during the short period of the
late peace, was communicated to him by M. Desfontaines, but without any name annexed, nor does it appear that the
plant received one till lately, when it was described by M. Poiret in the last volume of that excellent work, the
Botanical part of the Encyclopedic Methodique, under the title of F. comosus, which I have been obliged to change,
as already given to another, and I have therefore called it after the eminent Botanist by whom it appears to have been
discovered. Of M. Poiret's description I have greatly availed myself; for, without it, my own must have been, most
imperfect ; as the specimen represented in this plate is the largest I ever saw, though evidently only a part of a con-
siderably larger plant. The ternate branches of F. Desfontainesii seem to be its most certain and most obvious
character, in addition to which it also differs from most other Fuci in its pisiform vesicles. In this latter respect,
however, as well as in the shape and dichotomous division of the ultimate branches, it agrees with F. piluliferus, to
which it perhaps altogether bears a closer natural affinity than to any other ; but the habit of the two plants is very
dissimilar, on account of the branches of F. piluliferus not being more than a third of the length of those of F.
Desfontainesii, and growing altogether singly. In addition to this they are so wide, that analogy rather requires them
to be considered as leaves ; not to mention that a midrib runs through them, of which there is no symptom in F.
Desfontainesii. -

a. branch of F. Desfontainesii, natural size.

b. ultimate branches, magnified - - 6.

c. one of the upper ones, with vesicle and fruit 6.

190.— F UGUS ©ESFONTANESII.

Hi

Fucus, cattle coriaceo, eompresso, filifoimi, bjpinnato ; ramis horizontaliter patentibus, alternis, coiripressis ;
primariis solitariis, indivisisj ultimis ternis, diehotomis, vesiculiferis, fructiferisque ; vesiculis solitariis, spneerieis,
petiolatis ; capsulis linearibus, racemosis.

Fucus comosus. Poiret, in Encycl. Method. Bot. VIII. p. 375.

Habitat in Oceano Insularum fortunatarum, ad littora. D. Desfontaiues.
Perermis.

Radix noudum a me visa.

Frons instructa caule pedem et ultra longo, leviter compresso et sub-anguloso, filiformi, (quantae crassitiei, et an
divisus sit necne, nescio) ramis obsito plurimis, homogeneis, alternis, patentibus, strictis, compressis, semipedalibus, vix
penna passerina crassioribus, filiformibus, indivisis, sed per totam longitudinem obsitis serie aliorum duplo tripl6ve
tenuiorum, compresso-planorum, qui terni quaternive oriuntur, et ordine sub-spiraliter alterno, intervallo linea? vel
sesquilinese inter singnlos, disponuntur, suntque omnes circiter tres pollices longi, seta porcina hand crassiores,
filiformes, quater pluriesve dichotomi, intervallis incertis, segmentoium angulis rotundatis, et, ut Poiretii verbis utar,
furcarum basi in membranam exiguam compressam triangulaiem expausa ; apices ubique obtusi ; ramorum summi-
tates versus conspiciuntur aliquot vesicutcz sphasricae, I,athyri odorati seminum magnitudine, ramis secundariis prope
eorum basin impositae, una mod6 in singulis, et rar6 plures quam sex aut octo in ramo quolibet primario, petiolis fultae
tenuissimis, planis, duas lineas longis; extrinsecus laeves, intus cavae et vacuae.

Fructificatio hactenils non bene cognita; sed ruclimenta aliquot receptaculorum imposita ramis minoribus
prope vesiculas testantur constare e receptaculis cylindraceis racemosim dispositis.

Color olivaceus subdiaphanus.

Substantia coriacea, lenta.

Obs. Facies insigniter et eleganter comosa i — stirps tota perquam laevis et nitens: — per desiccationem chartas non
adhaeret.

In brevi illo spatio, ciim paullisper cessaret luctuosum hoc bellum quod jam per totannos gentes Europaeas vexavit,
Stackhousius noster accepit hujus Fuci exemplaria a cl. Desfontainesio data, qui primus, nisi fallor, et solus hactenus in
loco natali legit. Nomen tamen his exemplaribus adjectum est nullum, neque ullam plantae mentionem inter auctores
reperio, donee nuperrime descripta est a Poiretio in opeie Gallico eximio, cui titulus Encyclopedia Methodica ; F.
comosus ibi appellatus, qui cum titulus jam sit diversae speciei in hoc nostro libro impositus, alium indidi, viri de re
botanica optime meriti nomen commemorans. E Poiretii descriptione mutuari sum coactiis partem meae non exiguam,
quae alioquin perquam manca evasisset ; nullum enim vidi exemplar quod illi hie depicto prastaret, et hoc, ut satis
liquet, nihil est nisi stirpis longe majoris frustum. Ad plantam a reliquis Fucis dignoscendam rami F. Desfontainesii
ordine terno dispositi maxime valent, et ex his speciei character essentialis pendere videtur. Insuper etiam vesicularum
pisiformium figura a plurimis aliis dignoscitur ; sed in hoc, ut quoque in forma ramorum terminalium, et quod hi
semper dichotomi conspiciantur, cum F. pilulifero convenit. Natura certe sunt multum affines hi duo Fuci, qui
mhilominus habitu valde discrepant ; ramos enim habet F. piluliferus dupl6 triplove breviores iis F. Desfontainesii, et
semper solitarios, costa quoque percursos, atque ita latos ut potius folia simulent.

a. F. Desfontainesii ramus primarius, magn. nat.

b. rami u/timi, magn. auct. - - - - 6.

c. unus e superioribus, cum vesiculd etfructu - 6.

132

191.^-F U C U S E R I C O I D E S.

Fucus ericoides, stem ligneous, cylindrical, short, naked, its apex beset with long, cartilaginous, variously divided
branches, bearing towards their extremities vesicles and fruit, cloathed all over with subulate, mostly simple, erecto-
patent, imbricated ramuli: vesicles roundish, innate, generally solitary : receptacles cylindrical, imbedded in the tur<nd
apices of the branches. . ;

Fucus ericoides. Linn. Sp. PL II. p. 1631. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II. p. 1384. Linn. Trans. III. p. 130.
Fl. Fr. Ed. Ida. II. p. 24, Eng. Bot. xxviit. t. 1968. .THUH

F. tamariscifolius. Fl. Ang. p. 576. (excl. syn. Gmel.) Fl.Ped. II. p. 331. With. IV. p. 86. -Ner. Brit.
p, 44. t. 1 1. Syn. Fuc. I. p. 88. (excl. syn. Gmel.)

F. selaginoides. Esper. 7c. Fuc. I. p. 69. t. 31. (excl. syn. Gmel.)

Fucus Erica marina. Gmelin, Hist'. Fuc. p. 128. t. 11. f. 2. '

Fucus foliis Ericas seu Tamarisci. Rait Syn. p. 49. n. 44.

(3. selaginoides ; stem thin and short; ramuli rather remote, vesicles none.

F. selaginoides. Linn. Mant. p. 134. Syst. Nat. II. p. 717. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II. p. 1382. (excl. syn.
Gmel.) Wulfen, in Jacq. Coll. I. p. *356. Wulfen, Crypt. Aquat. n. 28. (excl. syn. Gmel.) Fl. N'orv.
II. p. 90. Fl. Fed. II. p. 329. Linn. Trans. III. p. 132. (excl. syn. Gmel.) Syn. Fuc. I. p.«5.

7. corniculatus ; ramuli closely imbricated, pressed flat to the branches,, bifid or trifid at their apices.

F. corniculatus. Wulfen, in Jacq. Coll. I. p. 358. Wulfen, Crypt. Aquat, n. 29- Esper, Ic. Fuci I.

p. 138. t. 69- " • iirai

S. sedoides ; branches short and straight ; ramuli long, loosely imbricated, forked, flexuose when dry.
F. sedoides. Fl. Atl. II. p. 423. t. 260. Fl. Fr. Ed. Qda. II. p. 24.

a is found on the south-west coast of England, especially the shores of Devonshire and Cornwall.— In Bantxy Bay.
Miss Hutchins. — Coast of France. Decandolle. — In the Mediterranean. Gmelin. — At the Canary Isles. Boryde St'.
Vincent. — & and y in the Adriatic, among the rejectamenta of the sea at Trieste. Wulfen. — y sent from Ceylon to
Linnaus. — $ on rocks in the sea near La Calle. Decandolle. — Shores of France, in the Mediterranean. Decandolle.

Perennial. — June — November.

Root, orbicular, between flat and convex, an inch or more in diameter, black, woody, extremely hard.

Frond, one or two feet long, subject in its mode of growth to many variations, depending upon its age or place of
growth, wearing in general, as is excellently* expressed by Wulfen, the appearance of a pollard tree of Salix alba, from
the top of the trunk of which is produced a profusion of young shoots ; it is furnished with a cylindrical stipes, three
or four inches long, as thick as a swan's quill, either simple, or forked, or even irregularly branched, and naked, except
that it is surrounded on all sides with hard, oblong, or cylindrical knobs, nearly an inch in length, rough with the
remains of broken ramuli, and producing, near their extremities, numerous cylindrical filiform branches, of about the
thickness of a crow's or blackbird's quill, from a foot to a foot and half or more long, of almost equal height, some
irregularly divided, others quite entire, and only beset with smaller ones, which in their turns are either simple or again
branched : all the branches are disposec^in an irregularly panicled manner, and are always so numerous as to give the
plant a bushy appearance ; all of them, too, are between erect and patent, and all, as well the primary ones as the
youngest, clothed from base to summit with ramuli (or leaves, as they are called by most writers) cylindrical, subulate,
aculeiform, in some specimens closely, in others loosely, imbricated, between erect and patent, from a line and half to
two lines long, chiefly binate and alternate, some simple, others bifid or trifid, and others sub-dichotomous, as if about
to lengthen into new branches ; in summer, when the plant is in full vigor, the branches swell near their apices into
one or two vesicles, of a form between elliptical and spherical, somewhat smaller than the seeds of Vicia sativa,
generally toothed with a ramulus or two at their sides, and at the same time the ramuli below the bladders are placed
so much more loosely than in barren specimens, that some of the branches are in places quite naked : the short space
above the vesicles, which rarely exceeds half an inch in length, is occupied by the fructification, mixed with numerous
ramuli, so as to give the vesicles the appearance of being crested. — The whole of the branches are in their first stage
composed of flat, ensifonn leaves, about an inch long, and scarcely a line wide, generally somewhat oblique, without
midrib, and quite entire at their margins, the lower ones simple, the rest pinnatifid : these, as the plant advances in age,
become cylindrical, and turn into branches, losing all vestige of their former appearance, nor are they succeeded by
any others, on which account they are seldom seen, and have escaped the notice of most Botanists.

Fructification, placed at the ends of the branches, composed of small tubercles immersed in the substance
of the frond, at the base of the ramuli, six or seven on each branch, placed close to one another, each perforated with
an extremely minute pore, under which lie several brown, roundish seeds, surrounded by a pellucid limbus, mixed
with short, jointed fibres, and with whitish granules, of a roundish shape, many times smaller than the seeds :— besides
these, and even more commonly, are observable, either at the base of the ramuli, or upon the branches, scattered all
over the upper part of the frond,-}- other small, spherical tubercles, not covered with the epidermis of the plant,
wholly composed of pale-brown, parallel, closely matted fibres, mixed with exceedingly minute dark granules of no

regular

* " Facie gaiulet trunci Salicis alba resecta?, cut in resecto capite sylva virgarum succrescit."

1 1 thought, when I wrote the Synopsis of the British Fuci, that the nature of the terminal tubercles was similar to that of these, and as snch 1
described it, whk h was certainly wrong : this also was what led me to compare the fruit of this Fucus and its affinities to that of F. rotundas.

«

l9l.-*-F U C U S ERICOIDES.

133

regular fitfuVe.— Upon removing these tubercles with the point of a pin, the frond is always found- perforated beneath
them, but I doubt whether they, belong to the fructification, or are* similar to the fibres that occur in F.serratus,

membrauaceus, arid others. ' . ,

Cot,on,t black and opaque in the stipes, in the branches and ramuli a bright, semi-transparent, yellowish green :
after the plant is dried, it is every where blackish ; and, from subsequent moistening or exposure to the air, turns to a

reddish brown. . ' . „

1 Substance^ hard and woody in the stipes, in other parts cartilaginous, soft, and flexible, stilt and hard through-
out the whole pjant when dry. ...

The variety 0 differs from «. only in being smaller in all its parts, and, as far as I have seen, at no period of its growth
provided with vesicles ; nor, indeed, are any mentioned by Wulfen ; for from his description it is evident that what he
has so called are the two kinds of tubercles described above in the account of the fructification : the ramuli are more
remote than in «.

y, according to specimens from Wulfen and Esper, has branches not above three inches long, beset with others about
half an inch in length, simple, and between erect and patent ; the ramuli are short, thickly imbricated on all sides, and
pressed close to the branches :— in this variety also I have seen no vesicles, nor is mention made of any by Wulfen or
Esper.

$ varies in length from nine to eighteen inches : — the frond is divided into three or four unequal branches, all sur-
rounded from base to summit with others, extremely numerous, clustered, not more than an inch or inch and half
long, so erect as all together to be of a cylindrical form : the ramuli are rather loosely imbricated, longer than in the
preceding varieties, deeply forked, when moist curved upwards, when dry slightly twisted : Desfontaines mentions no
vesicles, nor have I seen any.

Obs. The stipes is generally found covered with Zoophytes of different kinds, and not uncommonly with F.frUticu-
losus:— in drying it does not adhere in the least to paper, and shrinks very considerably.

The very extraordinary property inherent in this Fucus, of reflecting bright glaucous tints, when examined ill
a growing state, was originally noticed by the late Col.Velley, and has been since remarked by many other Botanists,
Among these Mr. Stackhouse, whose residence upon the shores of Cornwall has afforded him the most favourable
means of judging on the subject, speaks of it as constantly observable in vigorous plants; and considers it attributable
to a slimy mucus or varnish that covers the surface. To Mr. Sowerby and myself, when in June 1799 we visited the
same part of England, it appeared so§ extraordinary, that, being unprepared for so striking an effect, we were at first
completely deceived by it ; for the whole Fucus under water looked of a pale-green color, very little removed from
white, nor could we guess at what we had found, till exposure to the air removed the deception. We observed it in no
other species, and I had always hoped that it would prove so characteristic of the present, as to enable any Botanist
to distinguish it immediately, while growing, from all its congeners, till Miss Hutchins lately informed me that F.gra-
nulatus also had in Ban try Bay the same appearance. Such, however, is certainly not the case in general. The spe-
cimens brought to England by Lord Valentia, one of which is figured in the following plate, having convinced me of
my error in supposing the jF. Myrica of Gmelin to be only a battered plant of the species before us, I have of course
excluded it from the list of synonyms, and have been induced to substitute in its room the F. Erica marina of the
same author, and to follow the example of my friends, Dr. Goodenough and Mr. Woodward, in restoring the original
Linneean name, taken from its resemblance to the Erica. With regard to the plant || figured by Gmelin, t. II. A. f. ].
•under the name of F. Abies marina, and referred by most authors to the present species, it is so different from any
appearance of jF. ericoides which ever fell under my observation, that 1 have thought it best to describe it in this work
as a distinct species. As to the other synonyms above quoted, I am assured by Professor Mertens that Wulfen himself
acknowledged, subsequently to the publication of his Cryplogama Aqaatica, the identity of his F. corniculatus with
Gmelin's F. Erica marina, a thing I had previously suspected, though Esper's figure, taken from specimens commu-
nicated by the noble author himself, had made me doubt upon the subject. That his jF. selaginoides is also only a
small variety of the same I am satisfied from plants that he has had the goodness to send me. Desfontaines' F.
eedoides rests upon authority no less positive, but, as I have seen only fragments, a part of my description is borrowed
from the Flora Atlantica. The plant appears in the Mediterranean never to produce vesicles, and to be of a smaller
size than what it attains to upon our more northern shores. In Michelis's inedited plates are given figures of what look
to be two other varieties different from any above described, but, as I have seen no specimens, I am unable to

speak

* Such seems also to be the opinion of Mr. Stackhouse, who says of these, " acetabula, ad instav Liclienis scutellaruni, ad basin foliorum in
apicibns cernnntur, tubulos pellucidos radiatim dispositos sub aqua protrudentia."

f Wulfen calls the color of the whole plant a blackish red, so that I suspect he never saw it fresh.

% What Mr. Stackhouse says of tlie substance will certainly not hold good, except in a dried state, and scarcely then, " that it is rough to the
touch, ai;d almost hurts the hand."

§ In a letter from Mr. Drummond, he sa^s of F. ericoides; " I was lately so lucky as to see the phosphorescent appearance of this plant in
high perfection, in a pool near Penlee Point : the sun shone brightly, and the tints were of so bright a green in the young brandies, that, con-
trasted with the deep brown of the stems, the whole had the exact appearance of a bunch of Erica cinerea, with which the hill above abounded,
and I at first took it for such. It grew about three feet down, but, as I drew it up, the color faded gradually, till in the open air it was like
the others."

|| Of this figure there is hi the Historia Fucorum no description ; for the account that refers to it evidently belongs to a different plant, and
■will be found quoted in this work under F./aniculaceus.

134

191. — F UCUS ERIGOIDES.

speak with any positiveness upon the subject. It remains that I should express my obligations to Mrs. Griffiths, whose
interesting communications, accompanied by plants in all stages of growth, have, I trust, at length enabled me to clear
up the history of this species more fully than has hitherto been done ; and I will conclude this account by transcribing
a portion of what she has observed respecting it. " The closely imbricated head, with the spines situated on the
tubercle, and the spines being continued down the stem, with a pore at the base of every one, out of which, when
fresh, the pink wart-like substance may be seen to exude, are sufficient marks of character to distinguish F. ericoides
from every other species of the family. The vesicles are by no means constant ; I have often seen large plants without
them, as well as some that bore them in abundance. In the winter, the stems destitute of small branches or ramuli,
look like bunches of coral growing on the rock, but still from their blunt ends reflect the beautiful glaucous tints,
which are very striking, and, as far as I have seen, peculiar to the species."

a. F. ericoides, natural size.

b. upper part of a branch of var. 0.

c. part of the same, magnified 6*

d. part of a branch of var. S, natural size.

e. ramulus, magnified - - - - Q.

f. another, forked ------ 6*.

g. another, more branched ----- 6.

h. part of a branch, with vesicles and fruit, natural size.

i. upper part of the same, magnified - - - 6.
k. receptacle, cut through horizontally - - 4.
1. seeds, mixed with transparent granules - -. 1.
m. part of a branch, with tubercles 6.
n. horizontal section of the same 5.
n*. longitudinal section of a tubercle 3.
o. the same - -- -- - -2.

p. fibres - -- -- -- - 1.

q. seeds? ------- 1,

191. — F UCUS ERICOIDES.

135

Fucus, caule lignoso, terete, abbreviato, nudo, apice obsito ramis cartilagineis, elongatis, vari& divisis, apices versus
vesiculiferis fructiferisque, undique vestitis ramulis subulatis, simpliciusculis, erecto-patentibus, imbricatis :
vesiculis sub-solitariis, subrotundis, innatis : receptaculis cylindraceis ramorum apicibus turgidis immersis.

Fucus cricoides. Linn. Sp. PL II. p. 1631. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II. p. J 384. Linn. Trans. III.
p. 130. Fl. Fr. Ed. Qda. II. p. 24. Eng. Bot. xxvin. t. 1968.

F. tamariscifolius. Fl. Ang. p. 576. (excl. syn. Gmel.) With. IV. p. 86. Fl. Fed. II. p. 331. Ner. Brit.
p. 44. 1. 1 1. Syn. Fuc. I. p. 88. ( excl. syn. Gmel.)

F. selaginoides. Esper, Ic. Fuc. I. p. 69. t. 31. (excl. syn. Gmel.)

Fucus Erica marina. Gmelin, Hist. Fuc. p. 12S. t. 11. f. 2.

F.foliis Erica seu Tamarisci. Raii Syn. p. 49. n. 44.

/3. selaginoides; caule tenui, abbreviato ; ramulis remotiusculis ; vesiculis nullis.

F. selaginoides. Linn. Mant. p. 134. Syst. Nat. II. p. 7 17. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II. p. 1382. (excl. syn.
Gmel.) Wulfen, in Jacq. Coll. I. p. 356. Wulfen, Crypt. Aquat. 11. 28. (excl. syn. Gmel.) Fl. Norv.
II. p. 90. Fl. Fed. II. p. 329. Linn. Trans. III. p. 132. (excl. syn. Gmel.) Syn. Fuc. I. p. 85.

y, corniculatus : ramulis dens£ imbricatis, appressis, apice cornuto-bifidis, trifidisve.

F. corniculatus. Wulfen, in Jacq. Coll. I. p. 358. Wulfen, Crypt. Aquat. n. 29- Esper, Ic. Fuel.
p. 138. t. 69.

■i. sedoides; ramis brevibus, strictis; ramulis elongatis, laxe imbricatis, furcatis, siccitate flexuosis.
F. sedoides. Fl. Atl. II. p. 423. t. 260. Fl. Fr. Ed. Ida. II. p. 24.

Habitat a in Angliae Australis oris, przesertim in Cornubia et Devonia. — In sinu, Bantry Bay. Dna. Hutchins. —
In Gallia? oris. Decandolle.—\n Mari Mediterraneo. Gmelin. — Ad Insulas fortunatas. Bory de St. Vincent.— -
/3 et y in mari Adriatico, inter rejectamenta maris Tergesti. Wulfen. — y ex insula Zeylona accepit Linnaus. — I, in
fundo maris supra lapides prope La Calle. Desfontaines. — In Mari Mediterraneo Gallia? ad oras. Decandolle.

Perennis. — Jun. — Nov.

Radix orbicularis, plano-convexus, diametro pollicaris, et ultra, ater, lignosus, durissimus.

Frons longitudine pedalis, vel bipedalis, crescendi modo variationibus multis ob anni tempestatem loeumque
natalem obnoxia, plerumque, ut optime: pro more dicit Wulfenius, " facie gaudens trunci Salicis albs resectae, cui in
resecto capite sylva virgarum succrescit," instructa stipite terete, sub-palmari, pennae olorinas crassitie, simplice, vel
bifurco, vel etiam vage ramoso, nudo, nisi qu6d saepe undique sit obsitus tuberibus pollicem fere longis, duris,
oblongis, cylindraceisve, ramulorum diffractorum reliquiis asperis, e quibus juxta apices oriuntur rami plurimi, teretes,
filiformes, corvi seu merulae pennarum crassitie, pedales, sesquipedales, et ultra, sub-fastigiati, nunc vage divisi, nunc
indivisi, et tantummodo aliis minoribus sparsim obsiti ; hi quoque vel simplices, vel iterum ramosi ; omnes paniculatim
tlisponuntur, semperque sunt ita numerosi ut facies sit planta? dumosa ; omnes quoque sunt erecto-patuli, et, cum
primarii, tiim seriores a basi usque ad apices vestiti ramulis (spinas aut folia si mavis dicas) teretibus, subulatis, aculei-
formibus, in his laxiuscule in illis arct£ imbricatis, erecto-patulis, sesquilineam duasve lineas longis, ut plurimum
binatis, et sub-alternis, his simplicibus, illis bi- tri- furcis, aliis sub-dichotomis, seque demum in novos ramos producturis ;
aestatis tempore, quum planta summo vigore luxuriat, rami apices versus intumescunt in vesiculam unam alteramve
elliptico-sphaericam, Vicioz sativa seminibus aliquantum minorem, ramulo uno aut altero ad latera saepius instructam,
eodemque etiam tempore ramuli infra vesiculas laxius quam in exemplaribus sterilibus dispositi reperiuntur, ut quidam
rami hie illic denudati videantur : breve supra vesiculas spatium, rar6 ultra unguiculare, occupat fructificatio, ramulis
plurimis immixta, ut vesiculae pulchre cristatae appareant. — Rami omnes ortu constant e foliis ensiformibus, planis,
pollicem circiter longis, et vix lineam latis, plerumque leniter obliquatis, costae expertibus, margine integerrimis,
inferioribus simplicibus, reliquis pinnatifidis : h«ec, progrediente plantae aetate, cylindrica fiunt, et in ramos mutata
omnem formae pristinae similitudinem deponunt, neque novorum series locum excipit, quamobrem rar6 inveniuntur, et
Botanicorum plurimorum notitiam effugerunt.

Fructificatio, ramorum ad apices sita, e tuberculis constat exiguis, in ipsa frondis substantia ramulorum ad
basin immersis, contiguis, sex septemve in singulis, utroque poro minutissimo pertuso, sub quo latent semina plurima,
fusca, subrotunda, limbo pellucido cincta, immixta fibris brevibus, articulatis, granulisque albidis, subrotundis, seminibus
multoties minoribus : — praeter hsec, et quidem saspius, cernere est, nunc ramulorum juxta basin, et nunc in ramis,
ubique per frondis partem superiorem sparsa,* alia tubercula, exigua, sphaerica, plantae epidermide nequaquam obtecta,

tota

* Credidi, cum Fucorum Britannicorum Synopsin scribcrem, tuberculorum terminalium naturam ejus horum esse sirailem, et pro tali deici ipsi,
in quo certe erravi ; Usee quoque causa fuit quod hunc Fucum et aflSnes <rum F. rotundo fructu convenire dixeriin,

136

191.— F UCUS ERICOIDES.

tota constantia e fibris dilute fuscis,parallelis, densissime compactis, granulis minutissimis, spadiceis, nullius tamen certae.
figurag, immixtis. Hasc si acicula dimoveas, frons sub illis pertusa semper reperitur, anne autem ad fructificationem
pertineant, an* similia sint fibrarum in F. serrato, membranaceo, et aliis occurrentium dubito : ad posteriorem ver6
sententiam propendeo.

CoLOE,f in stipite niger, opacus, in ramis et ramulis laete lutescenti-viridis, sub-diaphanus ; planted exsiccate ubique
nigrescit, et rursils madefacta aut luci din objects fusco-rufescit.

Substantia^ in stipite dura et lignosa, caetera cartilaginea, mollis, et flexilis; in tota stirpe exsiceata rigida
et dura.

Var $ in eo modo ab a, discrepat, quod sit ubique minor, et, quantum vidi, nullo setatis tempore vesiculis donata ;
neque ullas memorat Wulfenius, e cujus descriptione liquet utraque ilia, quae vesiculas dicit, esse tubercula supra sub
fructu descripta : ramuli quoque magis quam in a. remoti.

y, secundum exemplaria a Wulfenio et Espero accepta, ramos habet longitudine vix palmum superantes, aliis sub-
unguicularibus, simplicibus, erecto-patulis instructos ; ramuli breves, undique dense imbricati, ramis arete adpressi :
vesiculas in hac nullas vidi, nec a Wulfenio Esperove memoratas reperio.

§ longitudine a dodrantali ad sesquipedalem variat ; frons in tres quatuorve ramos inaequales dividitur, omnes a basi
ad apicem cinctos ramis secundariis, numerosissimis, teretibus, confertissimis, pollicem vel sesquipollicem longis, in
cylindrum dispositis : ramuli laxiuscule imbricati, longiores quam in varietatibus precedentibus, profunde bifurci,
madore sursum incurvi, siccitate leniter tortiles : vesiculae nulla? a Desfontaines memorantur, neque ullas ego vidi.

Obs. Stipes Zoophitis variis plerumque obductus reperitur, et saepe ilium perrepit F. fruticulosus ; — Planta per
desiccationem nequaquam chartae adhaeret, et in molem longe minorem contrahi ur.

Optimus b. Velleius, vir nunquam sine desiderio nominandus, primus animadvertit in F. ericoide colores illos
caeruleos, quos vividissime iridis instar radiantes effunduut hujus Fuci exemplaria vegeta in loco natali observata. Idem
postea alii plurimi Botanici notaverunt, sed causam reddere nemo est conatus pra?ter cl. Stackhousium, qui Cornubias
ad oras ubi planta copiosissime provenit diu commoratus auspicatissimam ejus observandae facultatem habuit, suamque
fert sententiam oriri e niuco quodam seu vernice superficiem oblinente. Eadem ciim ipse mox littora, comitante
amicissimo Sowerbeio, mehse Junio, A. D. mdccxcix, inviserem, phaenomenon tam notabile pariter ab alterutro
insperatum utrosque fefellit, nescivimusque penitus quid sit illud quod reperimus, donee, Fuco ex aqua extracto, facies
versicolor desiit. Nihil unquam tale in Fucis huic congeneribus vidimus, speraveramque idcirco fieri posse ut
F. ericoides semper absque molestia per hoc sit ab aliis dignoscendus, donee me nuperrime per literas certiorem fecit
Dna. Hutchins se idem etiam in F. granulato animadvertisse, remque semper ita se habere in sinu, Bantry Baydicto,
perhibet, quod tamen certe non semper alicubi valet. Doctus a speciminibus quae secum nob. Vicecomes de Valentia e
Mari Erythraeo attulit, et quorum unum tabula proxima exhibebit, scio tandem F. Myricam Gmelini esse a Fuco hoc
nostro disjungendum, et ejus loco inter synonyma recepi ejusdem auctoris JF. Ericam marinam, Goodenovium
WoodvVardiumque secutus in hoc, atque insuper restituendo huic stirpi nomen Linnaeanum, depromptum a similitudine
qua? inter illam et Ericas interest. Plurimi auctores ad F. ericoidem referendum censuerunt ilium Fucum qtiem
F. Abietem marinam dixit Gmelinus : vix satis, nisi fallor, caut^ ; neque enim vel illius in hunc vel hujus in ilium
exemplaria ego unquam ulla ullo modo transire vidi ; quapropter pro distincta specie in hoc opere describere in
pr32sens stat sententia. Quod ad alia synonyma supra citata attinet, paucis inonendus est lector. Prohibent specimina
ab ipso Wulfenio missa quominus scrupuli aliqui mihi haereant, dum ejus F. selaginoidem inter F. ericoidis varietates
pusillas recenseo, fassusque est idem, de quo Mertensium auctorem habeo, Cryptogamk Aquaticis jamjam vulgaris,
suum quoque F. corriiculatum non satis discrepare ab F. ericoide. Hoc ego antehac sum suspicatus, et certe utrosque
conjunxissem, nisi dubitationes injecisset Esperl icon haud satis bona, exemplaria ab ipso Abbate accepta exhibens.
Pari cum fiducia loqui licet de F. sedoide Desfontainesii, in quo supra describendo partem descriptionis a Flora,
Atlantica sum mutuatus, coactus ad hoc quia nihil nisi stirpium dirTractarum frustula ipse adhuc vidi. Quatenus
]udicare licet a descriptionibus auctorum et plantis e Mari Mediterraneo missis, F. ericoides in illo mari nequaquam ad
talem excrescit molem, qualem in Septeutrionali nostro Oceano adipisci solet, semperque ibi reperitur vesiculis
destitutus. Michelii in Iconibus ineditis depinguntur duse, ut mihi videtur, hujusce Fuci varietates ab omnibus ns
supra memoratis satis diversai, quas tamen utpote- nondum a me visas recensere inter alias non sum au'sus. Restat ut
gratias agam quas possum maximas fajmina? lectissimae, Dnae- Griffiths, cujus ope praesertim est factum, si magis quam
alii in F. ericoidis historia enucleanda profecissem ; stirpes enim ilia mihi benigne misit r«center e mari detractas

- . - diversis

* Talis videtur esse Stackhousii sententia, qui de his dicit « acetabula ad instar Lichenis scutellamm, ad basin foliorum in apicibus cernuntur,
tubulos pellucidos radiaUm dispositos sub aqua protrudentia."

+ Totam plantain atro-rubentem dicit Wulfenius, quamobrem nunquam recentem vidisse suspicor.

X Certe non nisi in statu exsiccato, et vix in illo, valet id quod de substantia memorat Stackhousius, ut " tactu aspeia est, et pene
man»im la>dit."

192.—FUCUS MY RICA.

diversis anni temporibus et in plants setatis diversis stadiis, speciminibusque adjunxit observationes maximi commodi
ad Fuci indolem rite' perspiciendam.

a. F. ericoides, magn. nat.

b. rami pars tar. g.

c. ejusdem portio, magn.auct. - - - -6.

d. pars rami varietatis J, magn. nat.

• e. ramulus, magn. auct. - - - - 6.

f. alius e ramulis, bifurcus - - - - -6.

g. alius vage ramosus - - - - - 6.

h. rami pars, aim vesiculis etfructu, magn. nat.

i. ejusdem pars superior, magn. auct. - - - 6.
k. receptaculum horizontaliter dissect um - - 4.
1. semina, granulis pellncidis immixta - - - 1.
m. rami pars cum tuberculis - - - - - 6.

n. idem horizontaliter dissectus - - - -5.

*n. tuberculum longitudinaliter dissectum - - 8.

o. idem 4 - - - - 2.

p. fibrez - - - - - - - - 1.

q. semina 'I - 1-

195— F UCUS MYRICA.

Fucus, caule carti!agineo, terete, ramis obsito alternis, horizontaliter patulis, pinnatis bipinnatisque ; pinnis ultimis
sub-distichis, abbreviatis, vesiculiferis fructiferisque : caule ramisque omnibus obsitis ramulis abbreviatis, horizon-
talibus, approximates, cylindraceis, simplicibus, obtusis : vesiculis sub-globosis, solitariis, innatis : receptaculis,
cylindraceis, ramorum in apicibus turgidis immersis.

Fucus Myrica. Gmelin, Hist, Fuc. p. S8. t. 3. f. I. Linn. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II. p. 1382.

Habitat ad littora Kamtschatica. Kraschenninikow. — In Mari Rubro. Vicecomes de Valentia.
Perennis.

Radix nondum cognita.

Frons instructa caule pedali et ultra, terete, filiformi, Merulas pennse crassitie, indiviso, sed per totam longitudinem
obsito ramis homogeneis, suique prorsiis similibus, nisi quod dupl6 sint tenuiores, spiraliter alternis, horizontaliter
patentibus, his quatuor pollices illis vix unum longis, majoribus minoribusque absque norma immixtis, trium quatuorve
linearum intervallo inter singulos, omnibus indivisis, sed ab ortu ad apices pinnatis serie minorum sub-distichorum,
eadem qua. primarii ratione disposilorum, longitudine nunc vix bilineari nunc pollicari, breviorum, qui longe numero-
sissimi, simplicium, longiorum uno alterove adhuc. minore sparsim obsitorum, ultimorum semper ferentium vesiculas
atque fructum qui nunquam sunt in alio quopiam observandi ; caulem totum, ut et ramos omnes, obsident ramidi,
(folia forsan seu spina? rectius dicerentur) homogenei concoloresque, vix lineae unius dimidium longi, teretes, seta
porcina haud crassiores, filiformes, horizontales, leniter incurvi, sub-alterni, intervallis brevissimis sejuncti, semper,*
quantum ego vidi, simplices, magnitudineque in omnibus eadem ; vesicula ortse prope basin ramorum minorum, ut hi
pro illis pedunculorum vice fungantur, una mod6 in singulis, immersse, oblongo-sphaei ica?, Vicice sutivoz seminibus
minores, extrinseciis ramulis aliquot sparsis exaspeiatas, intus cava: et vacua?, apice nunquam non cristatae ramo longius
progrediente.

Fructi ficatio ramorum minorum juxta extremitates ultra vesiculas sita, e receptaculis constans exiguis, in ipsa
frondis substantia ramulorum ad basin immersis, extrinseciis pertusis poris minutissimis, sub quibus latent tubercula,
singula semen includentia unicum fuscum limbo pellucido cinctum.

Color recentis, teste Gmelino, est in juniore planta flavescens lividus, in adultiore vergens in nigricaatenr;
exsiccata nigrescit ; rursiis madejactcc fit intense fuscus.

Substantia lignoso-cartilaginea, made?itis lenta, exsiccataz rigidiuscula et fragilis.

* Gmelinus e contrario bifidos dicit, quod taraen non obstat quoruinus omnes in sua icona simplices exhibcat.

Vol. III. T

138

192.— FUCUS MY RICA.

Obs. Bene habet de hoc Fuco Gmelinus ; " vix in hoc Fucorum ordine species datur hoc fruticulo elegantior,
videturque natura symmetriam in eo observasse summam : — per desiccationem charta? nequaquam adha?ret.

Magnopere nisi me mea fallit sententia, concedent omnes, quotquot Fucum hunc nostrum Myricam cum Gmeliniano
conferre opera? pretium ducent, utrasque tabulas revera eandem exhibere plantam ; nec minus forsan erunt iidern
promptiad agnoscendum, hac icone et piaecedente collatis, inesse inter F. Myricam et F. ericoidem certum discrimen.
E contrario magis quidem timeo ne tale discrimen nimis luculentum videatur, et ne potius a Botanicis peritis vertatur
mihi vitio quod icones ha? nostrae, sicut cum multis aliis accidere solet, non usitatas exhibeant plantarum facies, sed ea3
qua? auctoris opinionem aptissime firment. Si ita sit, a tali justissime appello sententia ; nulla enim vidi F. Myrica
exemplaria, praster ea a nob. Vicecomite de Valentia reportata, qua? cuncta omnimode similia fuerunt illius hie
delineata?, facieque pariter a /''. ericoide recesserunt. Neque tamen hoc obstat quo minus dubitem ut res semper se
habet, suspicerque, si F. Myrica caute in loco natali observetur, eventurum fore ut reperiretur ha?c planta facies
diversas induens, qualiter fere variari solet F. ericoides: vix enim fieri posse quin stirpes natura tarn arete affines iisdem
fere mutationibus sint obnoxia?. Ha?c reputans, minime videretur mihi mirum si olim acciperem F. Myrica exem-
plaria stipite foliisque donata, aut si detegerentur alia vesiculis destituta. Nihil, uti centies jam dixi, de algis marinis
loqui licet, nisi quod vidimus : quare dubitanter admodum sententiam fero de F. ericoidis et F. Myrica differentia
specified; quamvis ex omnibus qua? jam vidi exemplaribus verisimillimum videtur esse distinctos. Hoc saltern suadent
habitus crescendique modus diversus ; firmant ramuli in F. Myrica breves simplices obtusi horizontals remotiusculi,
dumii F. ericoidis longiores sunt acuminati sa?pius ramosi patentes imbricatique ; stabiliuntque illius vesiculae nunquam
non solitaria?, hujus non rar6, catena? instar, approximate.

a. F. Myrica, magn. nat.

b. ramus, magn. auct. - - - - - 6.

c. ejusdem apex, cumfructu - - - -5.

d. receptaculum dissectum - - - - -3.

e. semina - -- -- -- 1.

192— F UCUS MYRICA.

Fucus Myrica, stem cartilaginous, cylindrical, beset with alternate pinnated or bipinnated branches between hori-
zontal and patent ; ultimate pinna? subdistichous, short, bearing vesicles and fruit ; whole plant beset with short,
horizontal, cylindrical, simple ramuli, placed near each other : vesicles sub-globose, solitary, innate : receptacles
cylindrical, immersed in the turgid apices of the branches.

Fucus Myrica. Gmelin, Hist. Fuc. p. 88. t. 3. f. 1. Linn. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II. p. 1382.

On the shores of Kamtschatka. Kraschenninikow. — In the Red Sea. Lord Valentia.
Perennial.

Root, not yet discovered.

Frond, furnished with a stem afoot or more in length, cylindrical, filiform, as thick as a blackbird's quill, undivided,
but beset throughout its whole length with branches of the same nature and substance as itself, and perfectly resembling
it except that they are twice as thin, spirally alternate, between horizontal and patent, varying in length from one to
four inches, great and small growing mixed without order, separated from each other by intervals of three or four lines,
all undivided, but all from base to summit pinnated with a series of smaller ones, sub-distichous, disposed in the same
manner as the primary ones, some not more than two lines, others an inch long, the shortest, which are by far most
numerous, altogether simple, the longer ones irregularly beset with one or two still smaller, the ultimate ones always
producing the fruit and vesicles, which are never observable in any other part of the frond ; the whole stem, as well as
all the branches, is clothed with ramuli (or what might with almost equal propriety be called leaves or spines) of the
same nature and color as itself, scarcely half a line long, cylindrical, not thicker than hog's bristles, filiform, horizontal,
slightly incurved, separated by exceedingly short intervals, constantly, as far as 1 have seen, simple,* and all of the

same

* Gmelin, on the contrary, says they are often bifid, but he has represented none of them so in his figure, and has made them all quite
simple, as they are in Lord Valentia's specimens.

I:

i

'tea j z/v(^/rtca/

195.— FUCUS MY RICA.

139

same size; vesicles immersed in the smaller branches near their origin, so that these branches look like mere
peduncles to them, only a single one on each, of a shape between oblong and spherical, smaller than the seeds of
Vicia sativa, externally rough with a few scattered ramuli growing over them, internally hollow, always terminated by
the branch being continued beyond them.

Fructification, seated near the extremity of the ultimate branches beyond the vesicles, consisting of small
receptacles immersed in the substance of the frond, so hidden by the ramuli, at the base of which they lie, that they
merely look like a thickening of the branches, externally perforated with very minute pores, under which lie imbedded
spherical tubercles, each containing a single brown seed surrounded by a pellucid limbus.

Color, according to Gmelin, in the recent plant, a livid yellowish in a young state, but verging to blackish when
full grown ; turning black from drying, and a deep brown from subsequent immersion.

Substance, between ligneous and cartilaginous, flexible while wet, but rather rigid and brittle after it has been
dried.

Obs. Gmelin remarks with much justice of this plant, that there is scarcely a more elegant species in all the divi-
sion to which it belongs, and that nature seems to have observed in it the greatest symmetry : — in drying, it does not
in the least adhere to paper.

A comparison of the figure here given with that of Gmelin's F. Myrica, will, I flatter myself, be sufficient to satisfy
any one that the two plants are the same, and I can scarcely allow myself to doubt but that a farther comparison be-
tween the present and the preceding plate will be equally satisfactory as to F. Myrica and F. ericoides being
distinct species. Indeed I am rather apprehensive lest this latter point should appear too clear ; for the specimens
here represented certainly look very different, and all that I have seen of F. Myrica has looked equally so ; and yet,
knowing how much F. ericoides is apt to vary at the several periods of its existence, it is impossible not to appre-
hend but that a plant so nearly allied to it may be subject to the same changes, and may also be found in its place of
growth with a stipes and leaves, even if it be not at some seasons of the year absolutely destitute of vesicles. Consi-
dering this, I would wish to be understood as speaking with some degree of hesitation as to the two plants being really
essentially distinct, though it assuredly appears to me, from the dissimilarity of their habits and mode of growth, from
the short, simple, blunt, horizontal, rather distant ramuli of F. Myrica contrasted with the longer, acuminated, mostly
branched, patent, imbricated ones of the other, and from the vesicles of the former always growing singly, to be most
probable that they really are so.

a. F. Myrica, natural size.

b. blanch, magnified - - - - Q.

c. apex of the same, with fruit - - - 5.

d. segment of a receptacle 3.

e. seeds ------- 1

140

193.— FUCUS F R A X IN IFOLIUS,

Funis fraxinifolius, stem cylindrical, branched, winged ; leaves membranaceous, oblong, simple, midribbed and
veined, fringed at the margins with minute teeth, and proliferous from the* midrib : lanceolate capsules scattered
over the midrib, veins, and cilia of the leaves.

In the East Indies. V ahl's Herbarium.

Annual'?

Root, I have not yet seen.

Frond, furnished with a cylindrical, filiform stein, somewhat thinner than a sparrow's quill, its length at present
unknown, rough with the remains of a battered membrane, sending out here and there scattered, horizontal, simple
branches, from three to four inches long, which perform the office of midribs, each being on both sides fringed with
a lineari-elliptical membrane rather more than half an inch wide, so that they entirely resemble leaves ; the apices
of these are obtuse and rounded ; the margins fringed with extremely minute spine-like teeth, standing at intervals of
about half a line each, some simple, others two or three pointed ; from both sides of the midrib issue nerves, which
seem to be ramifications of the midrib itself, and run in a direction between horizontal and patent to the edges of the
leaves, simple and parallel, and always opposite to the marginal spines, which therefore look like continuations of
the nerves : the midrib is sometimes found proliferous with a single leaf (I ought rather to say that I have seen only a
single one growing from it, though I have little doubt of its producing more) roundish at its origin, but afterwards be-
coming exactly like the primary ones, excepting that it is smaller: the whole membrane appears under the microscope
most beautifully reticulated with round meshes.

Fructification, extremely small, lanceolate capsules, some solitary, others standing in clusters of two or three
together, scattered over the midrib, or the veins, or the marginal spines, of a whitish color, and pellucid, each con-
taining four or more roundish dark-red seeds, placed in a double row.

Color, deep brown and semitransparent in the leaves ; in the stem and midrib blackish.

Substance, membranaceous, thin.

Obs. In drying it does not adhere to paper.

F. fraxinifolius, a member of the same elegant family as F. sanguineus and F. sinuosus, and more nearly allied to
these two Fuci than to any other yet known, is well deserving of a place by their side, and probably, when found in a
perfect state upon its native rocks, may rival either of them in beauty or gracefulness of form, though it can scarcely
be supposed, under any circumstance, to boast those attractive colors by which they are eminently distinguished. There
can be little doubt but that in its first state it rises, like them, in the shape of a simple undivided leaf ; and it appears
to be likely, that, when full grown, it exceeds both of them in size. The whole which I have seen of it is a mere frag-
ment. For the drawing represented in this plate I am indebted to the kindness of Professor Mertens, who copied it
from the original specimen preserved in Vahl's herbarium at Copenhagen, and sent it under the expressive name here
retained.

a. F. fraxinifolius, natural size.

b. part of the frond, magnified - - - 6.

c. portion of the same - - - - - 3.

d. capsule v - - - - - - -2.

Prof Mcrtcns del*

193. — F UCUS FRAXINIFOLIUS.

141

Fucus, caule terete, ramoso, alato ; foliis membranaceis, oblongis, simplicibus, costatis, venosis> margine dentato-
ciliatis, e costa proliferis : capsulis lanceolatis per foliorum costara venas et cilia sparsis.

Habitat in India Orieutali. Herb. Vahl.

Annua ?

Radix a me nondura visa.

Frons instructa caule terete, filiformi, penna passerina aliquantum tenuiore, (quants longitudinis nescio) mem-
brana? deperdita? reliquiis obsito, hie illic emittente ramos sparsos, horizontales, simplices, tri- quadri- pollicares, qui
costa? vicem gerunt, utrinque alati membrana lineari-elliptica, semipollicem et ultra lata, ut folia prorsus referant ;
apices horum obtusi, rotundati ; margines ubique dentato-ciliati, spinis minutissimis, his simpiicibus, illis bi- tri- cranis,
singulis intervallo circiter dimidii linea? sejunctis : e costa ad margines foliorum utrinque excurrunt nervi, qui ipsa costa
ramificata videntur, simplices, horizontaliter patentes, paralleli, singuli singulis dentibus marginalibus oppositi, ut illi
in hos desinere videantur : costa interdum prolifera conspicitur, folio unico (plura ferre verisimile est, quamvis unum
mod6 vidi) ortu subrotundo, mox omnin6 simili primariorum, piaster molern minorem : membrana pulcherrime est
sub lente reticulata, maculis quadratis.

Fructificatio capsular valde exigua?, lanceolata?, nunc solitariae, nunc dua? tres ant plures hie illic in fasciculos
collectae, venulis aut ipsi costa? aut demiim spinis marginalibus insidentes, albida?, pellucidae, singula? includentes
semina quatuor plurave subrotunda, intense rubra, serie duplice disposita.
■ Color foliorum intense fuscus et subdiaphanus ; caulis costteve nigricans.

Substantia membranacea, tenuis.

Obs. Per desiccationem charta? non adha?ret.

Attinet F. fraxinifolius hie noster ad eandem omnino Fucorum familiam qua? F. sanguineum et F. sinuosum com"
plectitur ; et est, sive crescendi modus seu forma vel fructus respiciatur, hisce duobus quam maxime affinis. Neq-ue
forsan longius quam quod aequum est procederem, si praedicare ausim, fieri posse ut hie Fucus, illaesus in loco natali
vegetus repertus, forma? elegantia et pulchritudine illos quantumvis pulcherrimos asquiparet ; colorum licet splendore,
per quern illi omnibus fere anteunt, semper vincatur. Dubitandum quoque non est, quin hie, iilorum instar, in primo
sua? aetatis stadio nihil sit nisi folium unicum simplex, quod sensim magis atque magis mole auctum, demum fit e
costa proliferum, ut obiter intuenti appareat natura ramosus, et forsan congeneres magnitudine exuperet. Quomodo
autem hoc sit mihi nihil nisi per conjecturam effari licet ; frustulum enim stirpis unicum mode- hactenus vidi. Exem-
plar in hac tabula delineatum, Hafnia? in herbario Vahliano servatum Mertensius vidit, qui, more suo, nostri nunquam
immemor, adumbrationem hance paravit. Ille etiam nomen quod hie retinui aptissimum imponi jussit.

a. F. fraxinifolius, magn. nat.

b. frondis pars, magn. auct.

c. ejusdem particula
A, capsula -

- 6.

- 3.

142

194.— FUCUS DECURRENS.

Fucus decurrens, frond cartilaginous, flat, nearly linear, midribbed, pinnatifid, quite entire at the margins ; segments
horizontal, linear, close to each other, alternate, decurrent ; the lower ones simple ; the upper ones irregularly
pinnatifid : vesicles spherical, solitary, on short petioli, axillary in the primary segments.

Fucus decurrens. Brown, MSS.

On the northern coast of New Holland.

Perennial.

Root, hitherto unknown ; nor is it possible to speak with certainty of the

Frond, either as to its length or its appearance in a perfect state, all I have yet seen of the plant being merely a
fragment about nine inches long, flat, nearly three lines wide at the base, whence it gradually grows more and more
narrow, but so slowly that at the apex it has not lost more than a line of its width ; it is undivided, but throughout its
whole length pinnatifid with distichous, alternate segments, between horizontal and patent, decurrent, separated by
intervals of three or four lines, nearly linear, or, like the stem, slightly narrowed upwards, from one to two inches long,
the lowest two lines wide, the highest scarcely half that width, the former mostly simple, the intermediate ones pinna-
tifid near their points with one or two short segments, those nearest the summit always pinnatifid in the same manner
as the stem from their middle upwards ; the apices of all are rounded ; the margins quite entire ; the surface spotted
all over with exceedingly minute pores ; throughout the centre of the whole plant runs a blackish midrib divided in the
same manner as the frond itself, thickish in the stem, but much thinner in the branches ; vesicles situated at the axillae
of the branches, either solitary, or, as 1 have seen them in one instance, growing in pairs, spherical, smaller than the
seeds of the Abrus precatorius, supported upon cylindrical petioli not a line long, externally smooth, internally hollow
and empty.

Fructification, none yet seen.

Color, most probably an olive-green in the recent plant, but turning to a blackish brown in dried specimens, and
becoming brown from subsequent immersion.
Substance, cartilaginous, rather thin.

Obs. In drying, it does not in the least adhere to paper.

Small and probably imperfect as is the only specimen I have yet seen of this Fucus, I have still felt no hesita tion
about affording it a place in this work, considering it too much unlike any other to admit of a question as to its being
a distinct species, and too remarkable to be allowed to pass unnoticed. It is allied to F. osmundaceus, like which it
may be supposed that its upper leaves turn into narrow cylindrical or compressed branches, bearing, in all probability,
the fructification at their apices, and possibly also producing innate concatenated vesicles very dissimilar to those that
originate from the ala? of the leaves. The texture of the frond and its punctated surface give the plant much of the
appearance of F. diversifolius.

a. F. decurrens, natural size.

194. — F UCUS DECURRENS.

143

Fucus, fronde cartilaginea, plana, sublineari, costata, pinnatifida, integerrima; segmentis horizontalibus, linearibus,
approximate, alternis, decurrentibus ; inferioribus simplicibus ; summis sparsim pinnatifidis : vesiculis spha?ricis,
solitariis, brevissime petiolatis, axillaribus.

Fucus decurrens. Brown, MSS.

Habitat in septentrionalibus Nova? Hollandia? oris. D. Brown.
Perennis.

Radix hactenus ignota.

Frons ad quantam excurrat longitudinem aut qualis sit in statu perfecto prorsus nescio, ciim nullum plantae hujus
exemplar viderim piaster frustulum novempollicare, planum, latitudine ad basin trium circiter Hnearum, et exinde
senslm attenuato, sed ita leniter ut apices duas lineas sequent, indivisum, sed per totam longitudinem pinnatifidum
segmentis distichis, alternis, horizontaliter patulis, decurrentibus, singulis trium quatuorve linearum intervallo sejunctis,
rectis, vel lenissime falcatis, sublinearibus, aut, sicut caulis, apices versus leniter angustatis, pollicem unum alterumve
longis, inferioribus duas lineas summis vix unam latis, illis plerumque simplicibus, intermediis segmento uno alterove
brevi juxta apicem pinnatifidis, summis semper a parte media pinnatifidis, segmentis patentibus abbreviatis ; apices
omnibus rotundati ; margines iutegerrimi ; superficies poris ubique minutissimis punctata ; frondem totam percurrit
costa nigricans, eadem ratione qua frons ipsa ramosa, in caule crassiuscula, in ramis tenuior ; vesiculcB posita? ad alas
ramorum, solitaria?, vel, quod semel vidi, bina?, sphaericae, Abri precatorii seminibus minores, petiolis teretibus haud
lineam longis fulta?, extrinsecils laeves, intus cava? et vacua?.

Fructificatio bactenus nulla reperta.

Color recentis verisimillime olivaceus; exsiccates fusco-nigricans, rursits madefactes fuscus.
Substantia cartilaginea, tenuis.

Obs. Exsiccatione cbarta? nequaquam adhaeret.

Sentio bene quam sit impossibile scribere de tali qualem nunc tractamus Fuco, neque simul timere ne scribendo in
errores incidamus, si nihil ejus viderimus nisi tale exemplar quale ha?c tabula exhibet. Neque tamen is satis est metus
qui me prohibeat quo minus hie delineatum sistam Fucum qui ade6 usque a reliquis omnibus discrepat, ut, quamvis
illud quod solum vidi specimen sit tantummod6 vel in primo aetatis gradu vel sit stirpis longe majoris frustulum, nihilo
tamen minus nullus datur dubitationi locus ne vel planta sit specie a reliquis distincta, vel hoc qualecunque sit specimen
ad dignoscendam sufficiat. Quantum igitur potui, Horatii consilio obsecutus, majoris culpa? opprobia fugere sum
conatus; gavisus praeterea qu6d data sitfacultas nunc primum edendi stirpem indole, nisi fallor, vere peculiari pi asditam.
F. decurrens hie noster affinis est F. osmundaceo, cujus ad instar verisimillimum est folia superiora in ramos angustos
cylindraceos compressosve sese demum, aetate progrediente, fore mutatura ; fierique etiam insuper potest ut sic mutata
ferant vesiculas innatas concatenatas, illis omnin6 dissimiles foliorum ad alas sitis. Frondis textura et superficies
punctata efficiunt ut intercedat aliqua inter F. decurrentem et F. diversifolium primo aspectu similitudo.

a. .F. decurrens, magn. nat.

144

195.— F UCUS GUPRESSOID ES.

Fucus cupressoides, stem cylindrical, filiform, fistulous, prostrate, creeping ; branches scattered, erect, irregularly
dichotomous, covered with oblong, inflated, undivided ramuii, placed close to each other in a triple series.

Fucus cupressoides. Vahl, in Skriften af Naturhistorie Selskabet.Y. pars Ida. p. 28. Esper, Ic, Fuc. U.
p. 114. t. 161.

Caiderpa hypnoides. Lamoukoux, in Journal de Botanique. II. p. 145. t. 3. f. 3.
On the shores of the Island of St. Croix. V aid.

Perennial.

Roots, originating here and there out of the creeping stem, about half an inch long, according to Vahl, and
simple, except that they are fringed at their extremities with a few undivided fibres.

Frond, furnished with a prostrate, creeping stem, four or five inches or more long, cylindrical, fistulous, and fili-
form, (but becoming from drying irregularly sulcated lengthwise, and never afterwards regaining its original form)
of the size of a blackbird's quill, sending out roots from its upper, and branches from its under side, in other respects
naked; branches scattered, separated by intervals of a few lines between each, erect, about half a foot long, exactly
like the stem, except that they are somewhat more thin, some undivided, others, and indeed the greater number, irre-
gularly once or twice forked, and also, especially towards their apices, beset with one or two smaller scattered branches,
which are between erect and patent, and straight ; the whole of them are from an inch to an inch and half from
their base naked, but afterwards clothed with ramuii* closely imbricated in a triple row, so that the shape of every
branch is triangular, patent, oblong, inflated, quite simple, scarcely half a line long, the apices of some blunt, of
others tipped with an extremely minute mucro.

Fructification, at present unknown.

Color, of the root, the stem, and the lower part of the branches, a pale yellow, of the ramuii grass-green : the
whole frond, from exposure to the sun, turns white.

Substance cartilaginous, rigid, and inclining to horny in the srem and branches; in the ramuii membranaceous.

Obs. In drying, it does not in the least adhere to paper; nor does it, from subsequent immersion, much change its
appearance .

It requires to be remarked, that the specimen of F. cupressoides here represented is far from shewing the natural
appearance of the species,, and has, from want of care in drying, been so injured and distorted, that its habit is per-
fectly lost, and, excepting its colour, there is little remaining about it to shew the family to which it belongs. On
the other hand, however, it is so far larger than any other I ever saw, or than those figured by Lamouroux and Esper,
as to deserve the preference given it ; and it has a farther advantage in being of unquestionable authority, having been
communicated by Vahl himself to Dr. Swartz, who obligingly lent it to me for the purpose of having it introduced in
this work. Among the tribe of Caulerpa F. cupressoides approaches most nearly to F. ericifolius, agreeing with it
both in general appearance and in the shape of its ramuii, but it is at first view distinguishable by its triangular
branches, in which respect it also differs from all other known Fuci, excepting F. triqueter and F. triangularis,
the former of which is in every other respect so dissimilar, that it would be useless to say a word upon the means of
distinguishing them, but the latter greatly resembles F. cupressoides in size and form ; insomuch that Vahl evidently
entertained fears lest it should be doubted how far they are essentially distinct. This they unquestionably are, not even
belonging to the same tribe of Fuci, and being farther separated by their color and their texture, as well as by the
difference in the nature of their ramuii, and by these latter being in the one quite entire, but in the other divided at
the apices.

a. F. cupressoides, natural size.

b. and c. parts of the frond seen from different sides, magnified 6.
d. ramulus. - - - * - - - - 5.

* Vahl calls them leaves, and perhaps with much propriety ; for they are certainly of a very different nature from the rest of the frond, and
never lengthen into branches.

a/

n: j.n.K-yriM*.

195. — F UCUS CUPRESSOIDES.

145

Fucus, caule terete, filiformi, fistuloso, prostrato, repente ; ramis sparsis erectis, vag& dichotomis, obtectis ramu-

lis oblongis, inflatis, indivisis, approximatis, trifariam dispositis.
Fucus cupressoides. Vahl, in Skriften af Naturhistorie. Selskabet. V. pars Ida. p. 38. Esper, Ic. Fuc.il.

p. 114. t. 161.

Caulerpa hypnoides. Lamouroux, in Journal de Botanique. II. p. 145. t. 3. f. 3.

Habitat in Insula Sancta Crucis. Vahl.

Perennis.

Radices, e caule repente hie illkorta?, sunt, teste Vahlio, unguiculares, simplices, apice fibris aliquot indivisis.

Frons instructs caule prostrato, repente, palmari et ultra, terete, fistuloso, et filiformi, sed per desiccationem vag&
longitudinaliter sulcato, neque postea in pristinam revocando figuram, merula? pennae crassitie, e parte inferiore ra-
dices, e superiore ramos emittente, cagtera nudo; rami sparsi, aliquot linearum intervallis sejuncti, erecti, circiter semi-
pedales, caulis prorsus similes, nisi qu6d sint aliquantum tenuiores, hi indivisi, illi, quales sunt plurimi, vage semel,
atque iterum bifurci, atque, insuper, praesertim apices versus, obsiti ramo uno alterove alterno, minore, erecto-patentet
stricto, omnes ad pollicis sesquipollicisve altitudinem nudi, exinde vestiti ramulis * dens«: ordine trifario imbricatis, u
tota frons triangularis evadat, patentibus, oblongis, inflatis, siniplicissimis, vix semilineam longis, apice in his obtuso'
in illis brevissime mucronulato.

Fructificatio hactenus latet.

Color radicis, caulis, et ramorum, qua radici sunt proximi, stramineus, ramulorum gramineo-viridis : — tota planta
soli objecta albescit.

Substantia caulis atque ramorum cartilaginea, rigida^et sub-cornea, ramulorum membranacea.

Obs. Stirps desiccata nequaquam chartae adhairet, neque rursus madefacta faciem multum mutat molemve
adauget.

Fuci illi, e quibus suum novum Genus Caulerpam constituit Lamourouxius, sunt omnes, uti jam supnit in
hoc opere memoratur, inter se natura arctissime connexi, quod vix suspicaretur aliquis, hanc tabulam respiciens,
nisi forte crederet, quod certe vero non absimile videretur, me humani aliquid esse passum, F. cupressoidem
Caulerpis associando. Ut tales igitur dubitationes eximantur, memoratu necesse est exemplar hie delineatum
formam habitumque proprium maxima ex parte perdidisse, colore mod6 relicto per quern familia sua conjiciatur,
quod tamen non obstitit quominus aliis anteferendum judicarem ; cum quia mole longe prasstat omnibus aliis
a me visis, et pariter iis a Lamourouxio Esperoque adumbratis, turn quia certissimae est fidei; ab ipso enim
Vahlio datum est Swartzio, a quo benigne commodatum accepi. Inter Caulerpas F. cupressoides sedem sibi vindicat
proximam J*', ericoidi, hunc referens totius frondis forma, et ramulorum figur^, sed primo statim aspectu dignoscendus
ab hoc et pariter ab omsiibus reliquis ejusdem tribfis mdividuis per ramos triangulares, in quo discrepat etiam a cunctis
aliis Fucis, F. triquetro et F. triangulari solis exceptis. Horum prior nihil habet aliud cum F. cupressoide com-
mune, ut supervacaneum prorsus foret disserere de modis quomodo distinguuntur : alter, quamvis reapse ad familiam
longe aliersam attinet, mole et foima ita ad hanc nostram accedit stirpem, ut Vahlius manifeste sit veritus ne putaretur
erravisse qudd disjunxisset. Sunt autem distinctissimi ; fronde in hoc prostrate repente, in illo erecta, ramulis in hoc
integris, in illo bifidis, necnon totius frondis colore et substantia dignoscendi.

a. F. cupressoides, magn. nat.

b. c. frondis partes, magn. auct.
d. ramulus ■* '■» *

6.

A.

Folia dick Vahlius, et forsan rectiiis ; cert£ enim sunt naturaea reliqua fronde diversa?, et nunquam in ramos producuntur,

Vol. ni.

U

146

196.— FUCUS LOREUS.

Fucus loreus, frond between cartilaginous and coriaceous, compressed, linear, nerveless, entire at the margins,
dichotomous, expanded at its base into the shape of a peziza : tubercles immersed in every part and on both sides
of the frond.

Fucus loreus. Linn. Syst. Nat. II. p. 716. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II. p. 1382. Fl. Ang. p. 583. Fl. Scot.
II. p.920. Fl. Dan. t. 710. With. IV. p. 96. Linn. Trans. III. p. 176. Esper, Ic. Fuc. I. p.43.
t. 19- & p. 81. t. 39. (exclusis synonymis plerisque). Fl. Germ. III. p. 453. Fl. Norv. II. p. 125. Ner. Brit.
p. 37. t. 10. Eng. Bot. VIII. t. 569. Syn. Fuc. II. p. 246. Fl'. Lus. II. p. 435. Fl. Fr. Ed. Ida. II.
p. 23.

F. elongatus. Ltn n. Sp. PL II. p. 1627. (excl. syn. Moris.) Syst. Nat. II. p. 7 16. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II.

p. 1381. Gmelin, Hist. Fuc. p. 103. (excl. syn. Huds.)
Fucus longo angusto crassoque folio. Raii Syn. p. 43. n. 11.
Fucus fungis affinis. Raii Syn. p.43. n. 15.

Fucus maximus ceranoides, cornu cervi divisura, globulis verrucosis signatus. Moris. Hist. Ox. III. p. 648.
n. 1. s. 15. t. 9-

Fucus marinus secundus Dodontei. Parkinson, p. 1292. t. 6, 7. (figura media.)
XJlva pruniformis. Fl.Norv. II. p. 89- t. 2. f. 6, 7. t. 9. f. 4, 5.

£. ineequalis ; frond wide, but of unequal width in different parts ; angles of the dichotomies and apices obtuse.
F. loreus (3. Linn. Trans. III. p. 176. Syn. Fuc. II. p. 247.

y. tereliusculus; frond narrow, subcylindrical.

In the Northern Ocean, and on the shores of the British Isles, not uncommon. — Northern and western coasts of
France. Decandolle. — Rocks between the towns of Boarcos and Figueira. Brotero. — £. among the rejectamenta of
the sea at Yarmouth. — y. in Bantry Bay. Miss Hutchins.

Perennial. — Winter.

Root, a callous disk, flattish above, a quarter of an inch in diameter.

Frond, rising with a stipes from two lines to an inch in length, cylindrical and as thick as a swan's quill at its base,
but dilated upwards, and gradually expanding into a peziziform or umbraculiform disk an inch or more in diameter,
and quite entire at its margin, out of the centre of which proceed generally one or two, but occasionally more fronds,
appearing like a continuation of the stipes, varying in height from five to ten feet, or, according to Borlase, some-
times attaining to twenty-two, quite destitute of midrib or veins, compressed, preserving throughout their whole
length an uniform thickness of one and a width of four or five lines, forked at a short distance from their origin, and
afterwards repeatedly dichotomous at intervals, which in some cases do not exceed three inches while in others they
are more than a foot long: segments nearly of equal height, all in general remarkably straight, but occasionally the
upper ones are slightly falcate : apices narrowed and somewhat sharp ; margins quite entire ; surface very smooth ;
angles of the dichotomies acute.

Fructification, elliptical tubercles immersed in the frond, and plentifully scattered over the whole of it, and*
equally against both sides, making the surface, wherever they are situated, uneven, with small oblong tumors perfo-
rated at their apices ; they contain a mass of minute, elliptical, dark brown seeds, surrounded with a pellucid limbus,
together with a net-work of whitish mostly simple fibres, swollen upwards, and very evidently jointed.

Color, olive-green, with a tinge of brown, turning to a deep black in drying.

Substance, coriaceous without, within pulpy and succulent, flexible and tough; but brittle after it is dried.

The variety (3- which I have introduced more in deference to the opinion of Dr. Goodenough and Mr. Woodward,
than in consequence of any observations of my own, has its frond far from linear, and much wider in some parts than
in others : the angles likewise of its dichotomies are rounded, and the ends of the segments obtuse.

The variety y I have not yet seen: — in this, according to Miss Hutchins, the frond is scarcely a line and half wide
and nearly cylindrical, and of a yellowish color.

Obs. In drying, F. loreus does not adhere to paper; but the surface becomes longitudinally wrinkled, and looks as
if it were marked all over with extremely minute, elevated, parallel veins : these it never again loses from subsequent
immersion.

The peziziform base of this Fucus, of which scarcely any specimens are found destitute, is so extraordinary a cha-
racter of the species, that this single peculiarity is at all times sufficient to prevent there being any difficulty in distin-
guishing it from all others. It is by no means easy to conjecture what end is designed by nature to be answered by
this singular appendage, which is visible in the earliest stage of the growth of the plant, and acquires a considerable
size before any portion of the strap-shaped frond issues from it, making the rocks where the Fucus abounds look as if
covered with a crop of marine pezizae. Hence among old authors the expressive name of Fucus fungis affinis. In
its very first state it is hollow and swollen into an elliptical shape, and the same inflated appearance sometimes hap-
pens, most probably from accident, in full grown specimens, instances of which were found by Mr. Mason on the

beach

* Brotero particularly describes the tubercles as lying on one side only of the frond, in which he is unquestionably in error.

196.-FUCUS LORE US.

147

beach at Yarmouth, in the autumn of 1S01, swollen completely into a globular shape. Similar to these are what
have been figured by Gunner, as above quoted, under the name of Viva pruniformis, in his description of which the
reverend author most justly suspects that they belong to some other Fucus, though he has been led into the strange
idea that they are the same as the plant of the same name that has been found in the lakes of Norway. Professor
Esper, following him with more than equal strides, does not hesitate to quote as synonyms, without a single mark of
doubt, except as to Haller, the Viva pruniformis of all authors, not one of whom, I am persuaded, had fallen into
such an error. With regard to the fructification of F. loreus, Dr. Roth has been strangely mistaken ; and, as he has been
so kind as to lend me his specimen for examination subsequently to the publication of the Synopsis of the British Fuci,
I can now say with certainty that* what he has considered as fruit is nothing more than a casual swelling at the apex,
occasioned, in all probability, by injury. The doubts that long existed upon the subject of the Linnaean F. elongatus *
have been removed by the inspection of that author's Herbarium, the specimen preserved in which certainly belongs to
jF. loreus, though destitute of the peziziform base, most probably from being broken off above it, and also differing
from any other I ever saw, in being swollen at the dichotomies and generally broken there, which gives it the am^ar-
ance of being jointed.

a. F. loreus, natural size.

b. c. seedlings in their earliest state of growth.
d. e. young plants.

f. horizontal section of the stem, magnified - - 6*

g. portion of the same ----- 3.

h. seeds and fibres ------ j .

itifilisi w& 'Ki'-f fibres . - -.. '-, -,. - .■ .- - .1.,.-..

* His description of the fruit is as follows : " Fructijkationes in raintilis terminates, geminae, ovatae, obtusissimae, apice rotundata;, subin-
flatae, peduncuto compresso ultra unciam longo insidentes, illoque duplo fere crassioies, tuberculis porisqtie mucifluis uotatas, ties ad quatuor
tineas longae duasque lata?."

196.— FUCUS LOREUS.

Fucus, fronde cartilagineo-coriacea, compressa, lineari, enervi, integerrima, dichotoma, basi peziziformi: tuber-
culis ubique et undique in fronde immersis.

Fucus loreus. Linn. Syst. Nat. II. p. 716. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel. II. p. 1382. Fl. 4ng. p. 583. FIScot
II. p. 920. Fl. Dan. t. 710. With. IV. p. 96. Linn. Trans. III. p. 176. Esper, Ic. Fuc. I. p. 43.
t. J 9. et p. 81. t. 39. (exclusis synonynus plerisque). Fl. Germ. III. p. 453. Fl. Norv. II. p. 125. Ner Brit.
p. 37. t. 10. Eng. Bot. VIII. t. 569. Syn. Fuc. II. p. 246. Fl. Lus. II. p. 435. Fl. Fr. Ed. 2da. II. p. 23.

1. elongatus. Linn. Sp. PL II. p. ]627. (excl. syn. Moris.) Syst. Nat. II. p. 716. Syst. Nat. Ed. Gmel.
II. p. 1381. Gmemn, Hist. Fuc. p. 103. (excl. sun. Iluds.)

Fucus longo angusto crassoque folio. Raii Syn. p. 43. 11. 1 1.
Fucus fungis affinis. Raii Syn. p. 43. n. 15.

Fucus marinus cera/ioides, comu cervi divisura, globulis verrucosis sigtiatus. Moris. Hist. Ox III p 648

n. 1. s. 15. t. 9. 1
Fucus marinus secundus Dodonoii. Parkinson, p. 1292. t. 6, 7. Cfivura media.)
Viva pruniformis. Fl. Norv. II. p. 89. t. 2. f. 6, 7. t. 9. f. 4/5. &

(3. in&qualis; fronde latiore, inaequali : angulis dichotomiarum apicibusque obtusis.
F. loreus. 0. Linn. Trans. III. p. 176. Syn. Fuc. II. p. 247.

2. teretiusculis; fronde angusta, teretiuscula.

Habitat in Oceano Septentriali, et Britanniarum ad oras, baud infrequens.— In Oceano Galliam alluente De
candolle.— In scopulis maritimis inter oppida Boarcos et Figueira in Beira. Brotero.—B. inter rejectamenta maris
apud Yarmouth.— y. in sinu, Bantry Bay dicto. !)««• Hutchins.

Perennis. — Hyeme.

Radix callus discoideus, suprA planiusculus, diametro semiunguicularis.

Frons hinc assurgens solitaria, stipite fulta brevi, nunc vjx duas lineas nunc pollicem longo, basi terete et cv<nii
penn<e crassitie, mox sursum versus sensim ditatato in discum plano-concavum, pezizifonnem, inte-errimum diametro'
polhcarem vel sesquipolhcarem, cujus e medio, ceu stipes ipse rursus continuatus, oritur frons una alterave (interdum

sed

148

196.— FUCUS LORE US.

sed raro plures) nunc quinque nunc decern* pedum altitudine, nervi venarumque expers, compressa, eandem ubique
servans latitudinem trium vel quinque linearum, et eandem crassitiem unius circiter lineae, juxta basin bifurca, et mox
dichotomiis saepe repetitis, intervallo inter singulas nunc tripollicari nunc pedali et ultrEi, ramosissima ; segments sub-
fastigiata, omnia plerumque insigniter recta, sed interdum leniter falcis instar curvata ; appices attenuati, acutiusculi ;
margines integerrimi ; superficies perquam laevis ; dichotomiarum anguli acuti.

Fructificatio, tubercula elliptica, numerosissima, ubique per frondem sparsa, et-f utramque pariter paginam
respicientia, immersa fronde ubicunque disponuntur torulosi, et quasi verrucis oblongis apice perforatis inaequali, con-
geriem includentia seminum exiguorum ellipticorum fuscorum limbo pellucido cinctorum, immixtis fibris albicantibus,
simpliciusculis, sursum incrassatis, evidentissime geniculatis.

Color olivaceo-viridis fusco perfiibus ; exsiccatte nigerrimus.

Substantia extrinsecus coriacea, intiis pulposa et succi plena, lenta, tenax, exsiccata autem fragilis.

Var. p. quam magis Goodenovio Woodwardioque obsequens qudm propriis observationibus nisus recenseo, discrepat
fronde nequaquillm lineari, sed hie illic dilatata: habet insuper dichotomiarum suarum sinus rotundatos frondisque
apices obtusos.

Far. y nondum vidi : haec, teste Dn»- Hutchins fronde gaudet vix sesquilineam lata, teretiusculsi, lutescenti-oli-
vace&.

Obs. Per desiccationem stirps chartae non adhaeret, sed superficies tota longitudinaliter fit rugosa, quasi venis picta.
minutissimis elevatis parallelis, quas rursus madefacta nunquam amittit.

Facies ilia peziziformis, quam frons hujus Fuci paull6 supra basin expansa induit, et sine qu& nulla fere exemplaria
vel inter maris rejectamenta reperiuntur, cum stirps rarissime: nisi integra a rupibus nativis divellatur, efficit ut nulla sit
in specie distinguenda difKcultas. Nequaquam autem facile conjiceret aliquis quisnam sit finis cui hsec tam singularis
structura in Naturae oeconomia inserviat. Frons in primo statim aetatis suae stadio sic formata conspicitur ; et haec
pars prorsus fit, ut ita dicam, adulta priusquam aliquos e pagina superiore ramos emittit. Hinc fit ut rupes in quibus
hie Fucus scatet certis anni temporibus Pezizarum marinarum messe coopertas diceres ; et hinc nomen stirpi aptissimum
selegerunt Botanici antiqui, " Fucum fungis affinem" appellando. F. loreus jam primum ortus formae est ellipticae et
intus cavus; nec desunt interdum exemplaria satis magna eodem modo inflata, qualia omnin6 sphaerica in littore apud
Yarmouth olim legit b. Masonus. Hujusmodi quoque specimina delineata extant in Flora Norvegicd, sub UIvcb
pruniformis nomine a Gunnero descripta. Neque tamen abfuit vir reverendus a suspicione annon haec revera nihil
fuerint nisi Fuci cujusdam alius vesicae ; quarnvis, quod maxime mirum, vix dubitavisse videtur quin fuerint eadem
ilia ejusdem nominis planta Norvegiae lacuum incola. Esperus, hunc passibus plusquam aequis secutus, omnium auc-
torum JJlvam prunij'ormem sub suis F. lorei calicibus, quod ait, radicalibus citat, ne dubitationis quidem signum
subjiciens ulli horum praeter Hallerum. Singularis quoque admodum est ille error in quern de F. lorei fructu incidit
cl. Rothius, credens omnes alios Botanicos esse de hac re hallucinatos,J seque solum veram detexisse fructificationem,
quam forma? sphaericae frondis ad apicem sitam perhibet. Cum autem ipse, Fucorum Britannkorum Synopsi jam
edita, suum, quod unicum habet sic fructiferum, exemplar benevolo mini commodaverit, indubitanter praedicare au-
sum virum optimum esse a tumoribus aliquibus fortuitis deceptum. De F. elongato Linnaei diu fuit inter Botanicos
disceptatio an idem sit qui F. loreus noster ; quos tandem scrupulos suum exemit Phytophylacium, docuitque has jun-
gendas esse species, quamvis exemplar ibi servatum, basi peziziformi carens, et, sicut in Systemate Naturcz describitur,
" fronde ad dichotomias tumidiuscula et quasi articulata ubi per exsiccationem discedit ut articuli saepe solvantur,"
faciem longe a vulgari alieuam induit, et facile aliquem deciperet.

a. F. loreus, magi), nat.

b. c. stirpes jam primum ort&.
d. e. stirpes junior es.

f. frons horizontaliter dissecta, magn. auct. - ' -' 6.

g. ejusdem portio - - - - - - 3.

h. semina et fibres - - - - - - 1*.

i. fibra - - - - '< ' '* ' - . - . 1.

* Ad viginti duorum pedum altitudinem assurgere perhibet Borlasius.

+ Hallucinatur procnl dubio Broterus qui dieit unara raodo ex paginis uudique tubercnlis obsolete elevatis adspersam esse.

\ Rothicesfructum his verbis describit: " Fructificationes in raraulis terminates, geminae, ovatae, obtusissiina?, apice rotundatae, subinflatae,
pedunculo compresso ultra unciara longo insidentes, illoque duplo crassiores, tuberculis porisque mucifluis notatae, ties ad quatuor lineas longse
duasque latae."

INDEX.

The Names printed in Italics are Synonyms.
The first Number refers to the Plate, the second to the Page.

j4 CINARA o Agresto marino dell' Imperato.

Alcyonium Bursa. Linn

Alga marina, ramis plurimis, fyc.
— — — Pomum Monspeliensium. }
Arundo indica Jluitans. Bauhin
Bursa marina, Bauhin. . . . .
Caulerpa hypnoides. Lam. . . ,
Ceramium plicatum. Roth. . ,

Seba.

Turn.

Fucus Acinaria. Gmel.
aculeatus.
aeruginosus.
alatus. Huds. . .
alatus. junior. Gmi
alatus. var. Gmel.
alatus. (3. Syn. Fuc.
alatus. y. Syn. fuc.

angustifolius, tesiculis longis, §c. Ray .

anomalus. Pallas

arboreus polyschides edulis. Ray. . . <
arboreus polyschides, caule piano, fyc.

Reaumur

axillaris. Brown

bicornis. Gmel. .

bifidus. Linn. Trans .

bifidus. S. Syn. Fuc. . .
bifurcatus. Gunn. . . .
botryoides. Turn. . .
buccinalis. Linn. . . .
bulbosus. Huds. . . .

Bursa. Turn

Cabrera. Clemente.
cactoides. Turn. . . .
ceranoides. Wulf. . . .
comosus. Labill. . . .
comosus. Poiret. ....
concinnus. Brown. . .
confertus. Brown. . .
confluens. Brown. . .
congestus. Brown. . .
constrictus. Turn. . .

contortus. Esp

coralloides erectus. Ray.
corniculatus. Brown. .
corniculalus. Wulf.

decipiens. Brown
decurrens. Brown
Desfontainesii

Turn.

divaricatus. Brown.
dorycarpus. Turn. .
elongatus. Linn. . . .
Erica Marina. Gmelv
ericoides. Linn. . . .

Plate

"Paee

168

84

136

6

159

57

136

6

139

12

136

6

195

144

180

108

. 168

84

168

84

187

122

147

30

160

60

160

60

160

60

160

60

160

60

187

122

159

57

168

126

162

67

161

62

146

28

161

62

154

45

154

45

154

45

154

45

161

( 2

178

104

139

13

161

62

136

6

140

14

171

90

154

45

142

18

190

130

153

42

184

116

141

16

179

106

152

40

187

122

. 180

108

182

112

191

132

. 195

144

. 166

78

. 194

142

. 190

130

. 160

60

, 162

67

. 101

110

, 143

22

146

. 191

132

132

Bauhin.

Fucus filicinus. Wulf. . . .
fimbriatus. Brown. . .
foliis Erica, fyc. Ray. .
folio singulari, £fc. Ray.
folliculuceus Lin aria: folio.

fraxinifolius. Turn

fungis ajfinis. Ray

fungosus. Desfont

Gartntra. Gmel

hemiphyllus. Turn. . .

hyperboreus. Gunn

hypnoides. Brown. . . . .'

inermis. Brown

Labillardieri. Turn

later. Wulf

lacerulus. e. Decani>

lacerifclius. Turn

Langsdorfii. Turn

latissimo crassoque folio. Moris. . .
latissimus et longissinnis oris crispis. Ray.

lichenoides. Esp

linifolius. Turn

longissimo latissimo crassoque folio. Ray.
longissimo latissimo tenui que folio. Ray ?

longissimus. Esp

longo angusto crassoque folio. Ray. .

loreus. Linn

loreus. /3. Syn. Fuc.

marinus ceranoides, fyc. Moris. . .
marinus polyschides, § c. Parkins.
marinus secundus, fyc. Parkins. . . .

Osbeck

Linn

Gmel

Labill

Gmel

paniculatus. Turn.

paradoxus. Brown

pedunculatus. Huds

phyllitidis folio. Ray ?

PhylJitis. Stackh

platycarpus. Turn

plicatus. Gmel

plicatus. (3. Syn. Fuc

polyschides. Lightf.

purpureus tenuiter divisus, fyc. Moris.

quercifolius. Brown

radiciformis. Brown

ramentaceus. Linn

rangiferinus. Brown

retioflexus. Labill

rugosus. Turn

saccharinus. Linn

saccharinus. Fl. Dan

Esp

Linn. Trans

maximus.

muscoides.

Myrica.

obtusatus.

palmatus.

saccharinus. r<
saccharinus.
saccharinus. /3
saccharinus. •
saccharinus.

Lightf? .
Syn. Fuc.
Syn. /wc,

scalpelliformis. Brown.

Hate

Page

150

36

170

88

191

132

163

71

168

84

193

140

196

146

135

3

168

122

169

86

162

67

173

94

186

120

137

8

154

45

154

45

167

82

165

76

163

71

163

71

147

30

168

84

163

71

164

75

160

108

196

146

196

146

196

146

196

146

162

67

196

146

139

12

187

122

192

138

145

26

161

62

176

100

156

50

188

126

164

75

164

75

144

24

160

108

180

108

161

62

160

60

151

38

189

128

149

34

183

114

155

48

185

118

163

71

163

71

163

71

163

71

164

75

. 163

71

. 163

71

. 174

96

INDEX.

Fucus scorteiis. Mgrt

sedoides. Brown

sedoides. Desfont

selaginoides. Esp

selaginoides. Linn

siliculosus. Stackh

siliquosus. Linn

siliquosus. 0. Syra. Fuc. . .
simpliciusculus. Brown. .
spongiosus teres, fyc. Moris.
subglobosus. Clemente.
tamariscifolius. Huds. . .
tenuifolius, foliis dentatis.

tomentosus. Huds

torulosus. Brown

trichoides nostras, Sfc. Ray.

Moris.

venosus.
vestitus.
virgatus.
usneoides.

Linn.

Oed.

Plate

Page

146

28

172

92

191

132

191

132

191

132

159

57

159

57

159

57

175

98

135

3

136

6

191

132

137

122

135

3

157

52

180

103

138

10

177

102

187

122

187

122

Fjcus uvarim. Linn

Woodwardia. Brows

WfightH. TuRy

Lrimar::kia depressa globosa, 8fc. Olivi. . . .

■ . — Stirpe ramisasitbdichotoma, 8fc. Olivi
Spj'igia dichotomos compressa ex viridi splendens.

RvY

■ dichotomy teretifolia viridis. Ray. . .
Ulva bulbosa. Decand

decorticzta. Woodw.
digitata. Decand.
latissima. Linn.
longissima. Gunn.
minima. Gunn. . .
Pkj/l/itis. Decand.
pruniformis. Gunn.
rugosa. Linn. . . .
saccharina. Decand.
sobolifera. Oed. . .
tomentosa. Deca.nd.

Plate

Pago

172

92

153

54

143

32

136

6

135

3

135

3

135

3

161

62

135

3

162

67

163

71

163

71

163

71

164

75

196

146

185

118

163

71

149

34

135

3

\